Zuid-Holland

Meronyms: Alblasserdam, Albrandswaard, Alphen aan den Rijn, Barendrecht, Bodegraven-Reeuwijk, Capelle aan den IJssel, Delft, Den Haag, Dordrecht, Goeree-Overflakkee, Gorinchem, Gouda, Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Hillegom, Hoeksche Waard, Kaag en Braassem, Katwijk, Krimpen aan den IJssel, Krimpenerwaard, Lansingerland, Leiden, Leiderdorp, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Lisse, Maassluis, Midden-Delfland, Molenlanden, Nieuwkoop, Nissewaard, Noordwijk, Oegstgeest, Papendrecht, Pijnacker-Nootdorp, Ridderkerk, Rijswijk, Rotterdam, Schiedam, Sliedrecht, Teylingen, Vlaardingen, Voorne aan Zee, Voorschoten, Waddinxveen, Wassenaar, Westland, Zoetermeer, Zoeterwoude, Zuidplas, Zwijndrecht

South Holland, a province of the Netherlands


Noord-Brabant

Meronyms: Alphen-Chaam; Altena; Asten; Baarle-Nassau; Bergeijk; Bergen op Zoom; Bernheze; Best; Bladel; Boekel; Boxtel; Breda; Cranendonck; Deurne; Dongen; Drimmelen; Eersel; Eindhoven; Etten-Leur; Geertruidenberg; Geldrop-Mierlo; Gemert-Bakel; Gilze en Rijen; Goirle; Halderberge; Heeze-Leende; Helmond; Heusden; Hilvarenbeek; Laarbeek; Land van Cuijk; Loon op Zand; Maashorst; Meierijstad; Moerdijk; Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten; Oirschot; Oisterwijk; Oosterhout; Oss; Reusel-De Mierden; Roosendaal; Rucphen; 's-Hertogenbosch; Sint-Michielsgestel; Someren; Son en Breugel; Steenbergen; Tilburg; Valkenswaard; Veldhoven; Vught; Waalre; Waalwijk; Woensdrecht; Zundert

North Brabant, a province of the Netherlands


Californië

* (U.S. state) Probably borrowed from Spanish California. Although a borrowing from English is also possible, the word first appears in Dutch before widespread settlement in California by speakers of English.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Californië in 1867. Originally the name of a farmhouse or a similar building. Named after the U.S. state.
* (Horst aan de Maas) First attested as Californië in 1874. Originally the name of a farmhouse. Named after the U.S. state.

California (a state of the United States)

A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Wenen

Afrikaans: Wene

From Middle Dutch Wene, from Middle High German Wien(n)e, Win(n)e.


Winde

First attested as de winde in 1338. Perhaps derived from a term cognate to wenden (“turn, twist”), here referring to a riverbend.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Win.

A village in Tynaarlo, Drenthe, Netherlands


Galicië

From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

autonomous community
autonomous community

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Ivano-Frankivsk

From Ukrainian Іва́но-Франкі́вськ (Iváno-Frankívsʹk).

bor

Іва́но-Франкі́вськ

Ivano-Frankivsk, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Kirovohrad

From Ukrainian Кіровогра́д (Kirovohrád).


Ternopil

Ternopil, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Rivne

Rivne, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Seoel

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Saba

Possibly derived from a shortening or misreading of Spanish San Cristóbal, the original name of the island.

An island and special municipality in the Netherlands in the Caribbean Sea


Salomonseilanden

Compound of Salomon (“Solomon”) + -s- + eilanden (“islands”).

com

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Antigua en Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Saint Vincent en de Grenadines

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Venetië

From Middle Dutch Venegien. Equivalent to Veneet + -ië.


Hollander

nl-noun

Hollander m (plural Hollanders, feminine Hollandse)

Hollanders (plural)
Hollandse (feminine)

Jersey Dutch: Hôl-läänder

→ Caribbean Hindustani: Holandar

From Middle Dutch hollander. Equivalent to Holland + -er.
The toponym is first attested in 1978 as Hollander. It is derived from the demonym and refers to the first inhabitant(s) of the settlement. Compare Brabander.

A hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Bahama's

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Marshalleilanden

the proper noun Marshall + the plural of eiland 'island'

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Comoren

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


Sao Tomé en Principe

Portuguese São Tomé (island named after the apostle Saint Thomas) + en 'and' + Portuguese Principe (island named after a Portuguese royal prince)

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


Guinee

From French Guinée, from Portuguese Guiné.


Speers

First attested as spaers in 1481. Borrowed from West Frisian Spears, potentially derived from Old Frisian Sparre (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.

A hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Washington D.C.

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Eiland

* (Leudal) See also Limburgish Eilandj.
* (Maasgouw) First attested as Eyland in 1803-1820. Derived from eiland (“island”). See also Limburgish Eilandj.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Het Eyland of Swart ven in 1780. Derived from eiland (“island”). The name originally referred to a peninsula of solid land surrounded by peat bogs.

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Woensdrecht, North Brabant, Netherlands


Laren

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as lare in 1341. Derived from Middle Dutch laer (“intensively cultivated forest, forest pasture”).
* (Gelderland) First attested as lare in 1294-1295. Derived from Middle Dutch laer (“intensively cultivated forest, forest pasture”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Loarne, Laorne.

inh

A village and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands

A village and former municipality of Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


Galilea

From Medieval Latin Galilea, from Ancient Greek Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (Galīlaíā), from Hebrew גָּלִיל (galíl).
The hamlet was named after a former monastery.

A hamlet in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Praag

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Jacoba

Named for the settlement's location within the Jacobapolder and close proximity to the Jacobadijk; both locations are named after the daughter of the chief investor in the land reclamation projects which created them, Johan Pieter van den Brande.

A hamlet in Noord-Beveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Bosch

* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as silua in 1307. Derived from bos (“rising forest”).
* (former island) From bosch, obsolete spelling of bos (“rising forest”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of bos or from one of several toponyms.

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Electra

Attested as Electra in 1936. Named after a nearby electric pumphouse.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Elektra.

A hamlet in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Meers

First attested as Mers in 1803-1820. Derived from meers (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”).
See also Limburgish Maes.

A village in Stein, Limburg, Netherlands


Wals

First attested as wals in 1236. Etymology unknown. The toponym appears to be related to the adjective Waals (“Walloon, related to Wallonia”).

unk

unknown

Oude IJsselstreek
Oude IJsselstreek#English

A hamlet in Oude IJsselstreek, Gelderland, Netherlands


Catharijne

The municipality was named after a former fiefdom, which was named in turn after a monastery dedicated to Saint Catherine.

A former municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands


Azerbeidzjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Servië

nl-proper noun

Servië n (adjective Servisch, demonym Serviër m or Servische f)

Servisch (adjective)
Serviër (demonym masculine)
Servische (demonym feminine)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Duinkerke

From duin (“dune”) + kerke (“church”, variant of kerk).

com

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kerk</i>

Dunkirk (a town in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Belgrado

From Southern Slavic (the Yugoslav or southern branch of Slavic languages), presently Beograd in Serbo-Croatian (variety Serbian), meaning “white castle” (after a fortress on the Danube), like most non-derivative translations.


Santa Rosa

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Rosa, the Spanish name of Saint Rose. The village was founded as a Catholic mission.


Straatsburg

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Sovjet-Unie

From sovjet (“Soviet”) + unie (“union”).


Beiroet

From Middle Dutch baruth, later modified under influence of Arabic بَيْرُوت (bayrūt).


Moskou

The hamlet is first attested as Moscou in 1899. Originally the name of a farm separated by a canal from Petersburg.

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Jeruzalem

The neighbourhood is named after the city. The name was given in reference to the neighbourhood's white houses, which are vaguely reminiscent of houses in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Nouméa

Nouméa (capital city of the French overseas territory New Caledonia)


Zeist

First attested as seist in 838. From Middle Dutch seist, of unknown etymology. One proposal derives the toponym from Proto-Indo-European *sagis (a plant species) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -t.
Compare Zeegse, Zeesse, Zeijen, Ziek, Seeste and Segeste.

unk

unknown

cog

Meronyms: Austerlitz, Bosch en Duin, Den Dolder, Huis ter Heide

A town and municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands


Siberië

Borrowed from Russian Сибирь (Sibirʹ), which derives in turn from the name of a Tatar fortress.
The hamlet in Drenthe is first attested as Siberien in 1851-1855. Named after the region in Russia. The settlement was named for its perceived remoteness.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is attested as Siberië in 1978. Named after the region in Russia. The settlement was named for its perceived remoteness.

A hamlet in Hoogeveen, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Nieuw-Amsterdam

→ English: New Amsterdam

* (colony) Compound of nieuw (“new”) + Amsterdam (Dutch port city in Holland).
* (Drenthe) First attested as Nieuw Amsterdam in 1853. Compound of nieuw (“new”) + Amsterdam. The settlement was constructed by a company from Amsterdam. See also Dutch Low Saxon Nei-Amsterdam.

A village in Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands


Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea

From Papoea (“Papua”) + Nieuw-Guinea (“New Guinea”).

af

Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea deelt een enorm eiland met de Indonesische provincie Irian Jaya, dat z'n westelijke buur is
Papua New Guinea shares a huge island with the Indonesian privince Irian Jaya, which is its western neighbour

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Saudi-Arabië

From the Arabic given name (Saud) (notably the dynasty's progenitor) + Arabië 'Arabia'.

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Waal

Derived from a variant of wiel (“kolk lake”).

A hamlet in Molenlanden, South Holland, Netherlands


Kaapstad

Compound of kaap (“cape”) + stad (“city, town”), referring to Kaap de Goede Hoop (“Cape of Good Hope”).


Maris

First attested as groitmaris in 1402. Derived from Proto-Germanic *mariska- (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”). The toponym was later reinterpreted as Middle Dutch marasc (“wetland, swamp”).

inh

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Linden

First attested as lynen in 1400. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from the dative plural form of linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”) or from a hydronym. Compare Lienden, Lijnden, Linne and Linschoten.

A village and former municipality of Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kaapprovincie

Compound of kaap (“cape (as in Kaap de Goede Hoop (“Cape of Goof Hope”))”) + provincie (“province”).

compound

cape (as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">Kaap de Goede Hoop</i> (“Cape of Goof Hope”))

A province of South Africa. Capital: Cape Town

one of four constitutive provinces in the colonial and Apartheid era

one of more after the dismantling of Apartheid


Frans-Guyana

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


West-Australië

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Western Australia (a state of Australia)


Buchten

First attested as Butines in 1031. Derived from dialectal buchten (“enclosure, enclosed pasture”). Compare Grevenbicht and Obbicht.
See also Limburgish Buchte.

A village in Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


Dronten

Attested as Dronten in 1950. Named after a former area near Kampen, which in turn probably derives from Middle Dutch dronten (“swell up, rise up”), here referring to alluvial land.

inh

Meronyms: Biddinghuizen, Ketelhaven, Roggebotsluis, Swifterbant

Dronten (a village and municipality of Flevoland, Netherlands)


Ruinen

First attested as de runa in 1139. Etymology unknown. Proposed derivations from Old Dutch *rûne (“small valley”), a hydronym or a personal name all fail to provide a satisfactory etymology.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Rune.

unk

unknown

A village and former municipality of De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Schoten

First attested as scatan in 1125-1130. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch skōta (“piece of land which juts upwards”).

inh

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Haarlem, North Holland, Netherlands


Marken

First attested as markerhoefde in 1345. Derived from the plural form of Middle Dutch marke (“border, borderland”).

A village, former island, and former municipality of Waterland, North Holland, Netherlands


Rosengarten

First attested as Rosen Garten in 1838-1857. Derived from German Rosengarten (“rose garden”). Named after a farmhouse.

A hamlet in Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


Haspel

First attested as HASPEL (DE) in 1844. Derived from haspel (“yarn winch”). Named after a winch-shaped bend made by the nearby Grift river.

Utrechtse Heuvelrug
Utrechtse Heuvelrug#English

A hamlet in Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Utrecht, Netherlands


Haarlem

→ English: Harlem

First attested as haralem in 918-948. Compound of the personal name Old Dutch Harala or Old Dutch *Harila and hēm (“home, settlement”).

Meronyms: Spaarndam-West, Zuid-Schalkwijk

Haarlem (a city, municipality, and capital of North Holland, Netherlands)


Bandung

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia)


Breukelen

→ English: Brooklyn

First attested as bruklede in 1130-1161. Compound of Old Dutch bruok (“marsh, marshland”) and lētha (“excavated or canalised watercourse”).

A village and former municipality of Stichtse Vecht, Utrecht, Netherlands


Buren

* (Gelderland) First attested as buria in 772. Derived from Proto-Germanic *bûrja- (“stable, outbuilding, barn, hut”). Compare Old Frisian bêre (“barn, house”).
* (Friesland) Potentially attested as buren around the end of the 11th century, attested with certainty as buren in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Buren, derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian buer (“house, cottage”). See also West Frisian Bueren.
* (Overijssel) First attested as buren in 1188. Derived from the dative plural form of Middle Dutch buur (“dwelling, cottage”).

Meronyms: Aalst, Asch, Beusichem, Bontemorgen, Buurmalsen, De Bosjes, De Heuvel, De Mars, Eck en Wiel, Erichem, Essebroek, Ganzert, Hoog Kana, Hoogmeien, Ingen, Kerk-Avezaath, Klinkenberg, Leutes, Lienden, Luchtenburg, Lutterveld, Maurik, Meerten, Meertenwei, Ommeren, Ommerenveld, Ravenswaaij, Rijswijk, Tweesluizen, Zandberg, Zevenmorgen, Zoelen, Zoelmond, Zwarte Paard

Buren (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)

A village in Ameland, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Hengelo, Overijssel, Netherlands


Sjanghai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Eindhoven

First attested as endehouen in 1232. Derived from a compound of eind (“end, edge”) and the dative plural form of hof (“farmstead, homestead”).

Meronyms: Acht, Blaarthem, Bokt, Gennep, Gestel, Nieuw Acht, Philipsdorp, Riel, Sliffert, Strijp, 't Coll, Tongelre, Urkhoven, Woensel

Eindhoven (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Tsjecho-Slowakije

Afrikaans: Tsjeggo-Slowakye


Oranje

From Middle French Orange, which later became associated with the colour oranje (“orange”).
The village in Drenthe is first attested as Oranje in 1936. It was named after a nearby potato flour factory, which was named in turn after the nearby Oranjekanaal canal. Compare Oranjedorp.

A village in Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Helden

First attested as apud helden in 1144. Derived from Old Dutch helde (“slope, incline”).

A village and former municipality of Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Rossum

* (Gelderland) First attested as in rotheheym in 893. Compound of Old Dutch rotha (“land cleared of trees”) and heem (“home, settlement”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as in rohthem in the late 10th century. Compound of Old Dutch rot (“land cleared of trees”) and heem (“home, settlement”).

A village and former municipality of Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village in Dinkelland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Midden-Oosten

(geopolitical) Middle East (a region comprising West Asia along with Egypt)


Bissen

First attested as Beisen in 1803-1820. Etymology unknown. Not derived from Old Dutch Bisso (a personal name).
See also Limburgish Bisse.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Epen

First attested as apine in 1041. Likely derived from Old Dutch *apa (“river, current”). A derivation from iep (“elm, Ulmus sp.”) is less likely.
See also Limburgish Ieëpe.

A village in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Noord-Rijnland-Westfalen

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia


Mecklenburg-Voor-Pommeren

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania


Sint-Petersburg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918)


Denpasar

Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia)


Sint Maarten

* (island and country) Named after Saint Martin of Tours.
* (village) First attested as niwelant in 1289. Named after Saint Martin of Tours.

Sint-Maarten (part of the island of Saint Martin; a dependent territory and constituent country of the Netherlands, located in the Caribbean Sea)

A village and former municipality of Schagen, North Holland, Netherlands


Srebrenica

Nederlandse troepen hadden in het kader van de Verenigde Naties in een aantal gebieden rond de stad Srebrenica de veiligheid van de (overwegend uit moslims bestaande) bevolkering tijdens de Bosnische burgeroorlog moeten waarborgen, maar zij hadden in 1995 niet weten te verhinderen dat duizenden moslims door (christelijke) Servische Bosniërs werden vermoord. […] Kok wilde met zijn aftreden 'op een zichtbare manier verantwoordelijkheid nemen tegenover de slachtoffers en nabestaanden van Srebrenica'.

2006, Parlement en kiezer: jaarboek zittingsjaar, G. G. J. Thissen, →ISBN, page 213:

In a number of areas around the town of Srebrenica, Dutch troops under a United Nations framework were supposed to ensure the safety of the population (consisting predominantly of Muslims) during the Bosnian civil war, but in 1995 they were not able to prevent thousands of Muslims being murdered by (Christian) Serbian Bosnians. […] Kok wanted, by his resignation, to "in a visible way take responsibility towards the victims and survivors of Srebrenica".

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Srebrenica (a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Ede

Potentially attested as in uilla heoa in 838, attested with certainty as de edhe in 1216. Difficult to interpret. Proposed derivations from a hydronym Ee (derived in turn from aa (“watercourse”)), heide (“heath, heathland”), Old Dutch Edo (a personal name) and ede (“turf”) either do not match the oldest attestations or are phonologically or morphologically unsatisfactory. Compare Eede, Een and Oud-Ade.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ee.

Meronyms: Bennekom, Deelen, De Ginkel, De Kade, De Klomp, De Kraats, De Valk, Doesburgerbuurt, Driesprong, Ederveen, Eschoten, Harskamp, Hoekelum, Hoog-Baarlo, Lunteren, Manen, Meulunteren, Mossel, Nederwoud, Nergena, Nieuw-Reemst, Otterlo, Oud-Reemst, Overwoud, Roekel, Walderveen, Wekerom, Westeneng

Ede (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Duffel

From Middle Dutch 1059 Duffla, from Latin dubro + locus (“place”), from Gaulish dubrum, from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”).

Meronyms: Itterbeek, Mijlstraat


Meeren

First attested as in de Meeren in 1803. Derived from the plural form of meer (“pond, pool”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Jalta

From Ukrainian Я́лта (Jálta) / Russian Я́лта (Jálta).


Nijmegen

From Middle Dutch Nieumeghen, Nimeghen, from Latin Noviomagus, the short form of Ulpia Noviomagus Batavōrum. Compare Neumagen.

Meronyms: Koudenhoek, Lent, Ooyse Schependom

Nijmegen (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Veluwe

* (region) Derived from Proto-Germanic *falwaz (“pale, yellowish, fallow”) and *awjō (“island”). The name corresponds to "fallow lands" in English and probably was used in opposition to the fertile "good lands" of the Betuwe (from Proto-Germanic *bataz (“good”) and *awjō (“island”)) to the south.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as de Veluwe in 1958. A mocking nickname applied to the sandy area on which the hamlet sprung up.

inh

A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Micronesië

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) en νῆσος (nêsos, “island”).

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Melanesië

From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.


Zuid-Soedan

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Kamp

* (Beekdaelen)
* (Bergen) First attested as van de Kamp in 1715. Derived from kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
* (Flevoland) Attested as Kamp in 1994. Derived from kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
The surname is derived from one of the senses of kamp or from one of the toponyms.

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Bergen, Limburg, Netherlands


Beilen

First attested as bele in 1139. Etymology uncertain. Tentatively linked to Proto-Germanic *bagil- (“swamp, marsh”).

A village and former municipality of Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Hee

First attested as heed in the 15th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hee, potentially derived from Old Frisian *hede (“anchorage”).

A hamlet in Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands


Ee

First attested as ee in 1450. Originally a hydronym derived from Old Frisian ē (“watercourse, stream”). The Dutch version of the toponym derives from an older version of the Frisian name.

A village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Pernis

First attested as pernesse in 1250. Compound of Middle Dutch perre (“enclosed space”) and nesse (“headland, spit”).

A village and former municipality of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands


Almen

First attested as almen in 1188. Likely derived from Middle Dutch olm (“elm, Ulmus”). Compare Almelo.

A village in Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


Well

* (Gelderland) First attested as vualli in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from Old Dutch walli (“well”) or welle.
* (Limburg) First attested with certainty as welle in 1251. Likely derived from Old Dutch welle (“well”). An opposing theory proposes a derivation from Middle Dutch welle (“embankment”).

A village in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village in Bergen, Limburg, Netherlands


Bong

* (Peel en Maas) First attested as Boyck and Boijnct in 1506. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch boede (“cottage, shed”) suffixed with -ing.
* (Venlo) First attested as Bonger Heide in 1803-1820. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch boede (“cottage, shed”) suffixed with -ing.

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Genk

Meronyms: Bokrijk, Boxbergheide, Camerlo, Hoevenzavel, Kolderbos, Langerlo, Nieuw-Texas, Sledderlo, Terboekt, Termien, Waterschei, Winterslag, Zwartberg

Genk (a city and municipality of Belgium)


Tin

Attested as Tin in 1899. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from tinne (“battlement”) or from tin (“metal pen”), potentially referring to a tapering piece of land.

unk

uncertain

A hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Brandt

First attested as de Brand in 1838-1857. Derived from brand (“place where something has burned down”).
See also Limburgish Brandj.

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Nuenen

First attested as nune in 1238. Etymology unknown. A proposed derivation from a compound of nieuw (“new”) and heem (“home, settlement”) is not backed up by the oldest attestations.

unknown

Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten
Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten#English

A village in Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten, North Brabant, Netherlands


's-Hertogenbosch

First attested as de nouo opido super siluam juxta orten in 1196. From older des hertogen bosch (“the duke's forest”). Attested in the 13th century Latin as buscum ducis.

Meronyms: Bokhoven, Bruggen, Deuteren, Dieskant, Empel, Engelen, Gewande, Heeseind, Hintham, Kaathoven, Kruisstraat, Lagekant, Maliskamp, Meerwijk, Nuland, Oud-Empel, Rosmalen, Schotsheuvel, Vinkel

's-Hertogenbosch (a city, municipality, and capital of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Eersel

From Middle Dutch Eersele, from Old Dutch Ereslo (also Eresloch in a record from Echternach), a compound derived from Old Dutch *Ari (a personal name) and lō, the latter identical to modern lo (“light forest”). Compare Eerschot.

Meronyms: Bijsterveld, Boksheide, De Hees, De Hoef, Donk, Driehuis, Driehuizen, Duizel, Het Heike, Hoekdries, Hoogstraat, Knegsel, Kreiel, Maaskant, Meer, Meerven, Molenveld, Mosik, Mostheuvel, Rietven, Schadewijk, Sneidershoek, Spijkert, Steensel, Stevert, Stokkelen, Veneind, Vessem, Wintelre, Wolfshoek

A village and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Leek

First attested as dye leeck in 1495. Derived from Old Frisian leke (“natural watercourse”). Originally a hydronym.

der

A village and former municipality of Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Palembang

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia)


Best

First attested as est in 1307. Etymology unknown. One proposal links the toponym to bast (“bark, rind”) with collectivising suffix -t, but it is impossible to conclusively prove or disprove this hypothetical etymology.

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Aarle, Batadorp, Vleut

A town and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Manen

First attested as parochia manen at the end of the 13th century. Etymology unknown. A derivation from made (“hayfield, meadow”) is not supported by the oldest attestations. A derivation from Middle Dutch maen (“poppy, Papaver sp.”) is equally unsupported.

unknown

cog

A hamlet in Ede, Gelderland, Netherlands


Brummen

First attested as brimnum in 794. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps a dative plural derivation from Old Dutch brim (“edge, bank”), from Proto-Germanic *brimą. A composite derivation from brim and heem (“home, settlement”) is impossible. Compare Borssele.

Meronyms: Broek, Coldenhove, Cortenoever, Eerbeek, Empe, Hall, Leuvenheim, Oeken, Rhienderen, Tonden, Voorstonden

Brummen (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Veulen

First attested as Vairloe in 1590. Potentially a compound of voor (“before, in front of”) and lo (“light forest”).

A village in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Driehoek

* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as de Sambeeksche Hoek in 1838-1857. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”). Named after a triangle formed by several intersecting roads.
* (Moerdijk) First attested as den Driehoek in 1838-1857. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”). Named after a triangular piece of farmland.
* (Son en Breugel) First attested as Driehoek in 1865. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”).
* (Zundert) First attested as Driehoek (De) in 1899. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Moerdijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Son en Breugel, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Zundert, North Brabant, Netherlands


Belt

Attested as De Belt in 1839-1859. Derived from dialectal belt (“small hill, slightly elevated place”).


Sint Eustatius

An island and special municipality in the Netherlands in the Caribbean Sea


Warten

First attested as wartena in 1412. Borrowed from West Frisian Wartena, derived in turn from Old Frisian Wartena (a surname). Compare Warga.

A village in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Woold

First attested in 1284 as in silva. Derived from Old Dutch wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

der

A hamlet in Winterswijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Rande

First attested as de rathnon in 1046. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps derived from a term cognate to Old Norse rot (“row”), Middle Low German rat (“row”). Compare Ratum.

A hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands


Barber

Derived from Barbara (a personal name). Named after Barbare Exteen, the owner of the plantation which the village developed around.


Halte

First attested as aan Halte in 1881-1882. Derived from halte (“stop”). Named after a former station on the Helmond-Venlo railway line.

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heers

First attested as herle in the first quarter of the 13th century. Potentially derived from a diminutive form of haar (“sandy ridge”), which derives from Proto-Germanic *harugaz (“grove, sanctuary, halidom”).

A hamlet in Veldhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Lerop

First attested as liethorp in 943. Compound of an uncertain first element and Old Dutch thorp (“village, settlement”). The first elemented has been linked to Proto-Germanic *leuta (“duplicitous”), although this reading poses semantic difficulties. Compare Lierop.
See also Limburgish Lieërop.

A hamlet in Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


Almere

First attested as de toekomstige stad Almere in 1973. Named after the ancient hydronym Almere (first attested in 755-768), likely a compound of aal (“eel”) and Old Dutch mere (“lake, pool”). The current city is located roughly where the former lake was located.

Almere (a city and municipality of Flevoland, Netherlands)


Tilburg

First attested as tilliburgis in 709. Compound of Old Dutch tilli (“new agricultural land”) and burg (“fortified settlement, castle”). Compare Thull, Tiel, Tuil and Tull en 't Waal.

inh

Meronyms: Bakertand, Berkeind, Berkel-Enschot, Berkhoek, Biezenmortel, Brem, De Kraan, Hazennest, Heuveltje, Heikant, Hooghout, Koningshoeven, Kouwenberg, Loonse Hoek, Moerenburg, Quirijnstok, Rugdijk, Schoorstraat, 't Hoekske, 't Winkel, Udenhout, Vijfhuizen, Zandkant

Tilburg (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Rijsel

From Middle Dutch ijssel (“small island, islet”), calque of Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), itself from Latin Īnsula, from īnsula (“island”). The word has undergone resegmentation, like its French counterpart: ter ijsel (“at the islet”) was resegmented into te Rijsel.

(chiefly Belgium) Lille (the department capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


Glimmen

First attested as in glemmene and in glimine in the 12th century. Etymology unknown. Potentially a prehistoric toponym. Compare Onnen.

unk

unknown

A village in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


nl-proper noun

Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland n

Calque of English United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


Look

First attested as loewijck in 1450. Derived from a contracted compound of lo (“light forest”) and wijk (“village, settlement”).

A hamlet in Rijssen-Holten, Overijssel, Netherlands


Kalimantan

Borrowed from Malay Kalimantan. In the current sense derived from Indonesian Kalimantan.

Kalimantan (A region in Southeast Asia; the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo)


Tsjetsjenië

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


Dam

* (Limburg) Attested as Dam in 1835. Derived from dam (“dam, elevated road”).
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as dam in 1432. Derived from Middle Dutch dam (“dam”).

A hamlet in Gennep, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Ried

First attested as rede in 1275. Derived from a hydronym cognate to Old English rith (“stream”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.

A village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Wiel

First attested as to weel. Borrowed from West Frisian It Wiel, derived in turn from Old Frisian wiel (“kolk lake, kolk pool”).

der

A hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Veen

The toponym is first attested as ueno in 1108-1121. Derived from veen (“peat bog, fen, swamp”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of veen or from one of several toponyms.

A village and former municipality of Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands


Saint Kitts en Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean)


War

First attested as werum in 1433. Borrowed from West Frisian It War, derived in turn from Old Frisian were (“plot of land, landed property”), later reinterpreted to West Frisian war (“low-lying grassland”).

cog

A hamlet in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Gorinchem

First attested as gornichem [read: gorinchem] around 1200. From Middle Dutch Gorichem, Gorinchem, from Old Dutch *Goringahēm, from *Goro (a personal name) + -ing (“belonging to, descending from”) + hēm (“home, place”).

Meronyms: Dalem, De Kooi

Gorinchem (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Vasse

First attested as in fahsi in the late 10th century. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *fahsa (“hair, type of coarse grass”). Compare Vaassen and Veessen.

unk

unknown

cog

A village in Tubbergen, Overijssel, Netherlands


Haaren

First attested with certainty as haeren in 1304. Derived from the dative plural form of haar (“sandy ridge”).

A village and former municipality of Oisterwijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Assen

First attested as ascen in 1267-1268. Etymology unknown. Not derived from a personal name or Old Saxon asna (“rent, wage”).

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Anreep, Graswijk, Loon, Rhee, Schieven, Ter Aard, Ubbena, Witten, Zeijerveen, Zeijerveld

Assen (a city, municipality, and capital of Drenthe, Netherlands)


Stegen

First attested as De Steege in 1838-1857. Derived from an inflected form of steeg (“alley, path, narrow road”).

A hamlet in Asten, North Brabant, Netherlands


Veghel

First attested as in vehchele in the first quarter of the 13th century. Potentially derived from dialectal vechel (“layer of gravel just below and on the surface of the soil”). Earlier etymologies proposed derivations from a compound of Middle Dutch vigge (“young pig”) or a term derived from Proto-Germanic *fehu (“cattle”) and lo (“light forest”).

A town and former municipality of Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Oisterwijk

Potentially attested as hosteruuic before 1167, attested with certainty as oesterwijc in 1214. Compound of ooster (“eastern, east-”) and wijk (“farmstead, village, settlement”). So named to distinguish the settlement from Westerwijk.

Meronyms: Belvert, Broekzijde, De Logt, Gever, Haaren, Heesakker, Heikant, Heiligeboom, Heukelom, Heuvelstraat, Hild, Kerkeind, Laag-Heukelom, Moergestel, Noenes, Oisterwijkse Hoeven, Raam, Stokske, Vinkenberg, Zelt

A village and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Oirschot

First attested as oroscoth around the beginning of the 11th century. Compound of an unclear first element and either schoot (“piece of land that juts upward”) or schot (“enclosed space, fenced-in land”). The first element may be cognate with Old Dutch or (“sand mixed with pebbles”). Compare Oerle and Olen.

cog

Meronyms: Boterwijk, Evenheuvel, Groenewoud, Hedel, Hoogeind, Huijgevoort, Kattenberg, Kuikseind, Lieveld, Middelbeers, Oostelbeers, Pandgat, Polsdonken, Spoordonk, Straten, Theetuin, Tregelaar, Voorteind, Westelbeers


Tange

First attested as TANGE (DE) in 1851. Derived from dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”).

A hamlet in Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Beets

→ English: Beets

First attested as beetze in 1435. Derived from Old Frisian beets (“brook, stream”).
The surname derives from West Frisian beets (“brook, stream”) or from one of several toponyms.

A village and former municipality of Edam-Volendam, North Holland, Netherlands


Langen

Potentially attested as early as the middle of the 12th century as lange. Derived from lang (“stretched, extended”). Likely a re-application of an earlier hydronym to the settlement.

A hamlet in Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


Kappert

A hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Jet

First attested as iaeth and iette in 1417. Borrowed from West Frisian Jeth, derived in turn from Old Frisian iet (“gap, hole”), referring here to a fishing hole or to a hole left by a levee failure.

A hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Oyen

First attested as oijen in 1477. Derived from the dative plural form of ooi (“land next to a watercourse”).

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Oost

* (Noord-Holland) Potentially attested as ten oesten in 1377, attested with certainty as Oost in 1839-1859. Derived from oost (“east”).
* (Limburg) See Oost-Maarland.

A village in Texel, North Holland, Netherlands

A former municipality of Limburg, Netherlands


Noord

* (Aruba) Derived from noord (“north”). The settlement was named for its location near the northern tip of the island.
* (Netherlands) First attested as Het Noord in 1838-1857. Derived from noord (“north”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Guinee-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Gameren

First attested with certainty as gamberem in 1146. Derived from an ancient hydronym related to Proto-Germanic *gambra- (“strong, powerful”). A proposed derivation from Proto-Celtic *gamb-ara (“confluence of two watercourses”) is unlikely. A proposed compound derived from Old Dutch Gamhard (a personal name) or Gamher (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”) is incorrect.

cog

A village and former municipality of Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Franeker

→ English: Franeker

First attested as fronakre in 1085. From Old Frisian *Frāneker, from frāna (“royal, lordly”) + ekker (“field, acre”).
See also West Frisian Frjentsjer.

compound

Franeker (a city and former municipality of Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands)


Horne

Calque of West Frisian Hoarne, derived from horne (“corner of a levee, bend”).

A hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Gracht

* (Friesland) First attested as De Oude Gracht in 1851-1855. Calque of West Frisian De Grêft, derived in turn from grêft (“excavated canal”).
* (Limburg) First attested as Die Gracht around 1776. Derived from Limburgish gracht (“hollow road”). See also Central Franconian De Jraat.

A hamlet in Weststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Montfort

First attested as Montem circumfossatum qui Miemekar nuncupator in 1258. Derived from Latin mons (“mountain, hill”) and fortis (“strong, fortified”). Compare Hardenberg, Montfoort, Sterkenburg and Stoutenburg.
See also Limburgish Mofert.

A town and former municipality of Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


Barneveld

First attested as bernevelde in 1307. Compound of Middle Dutch bernen (“burn”) and veld (“field”). The first component refers either to slash and burn agriculture or the presence of turf.

Meronyms: Boeschoten, Boveneinde, De Glind, Drieënhuizen, Essen, Esveld, Garderbroek, Garderen, Harselaar, Kallenbroek, Kootwijk, Kootwijkerbroek, Ouwendorp, Stroe, Terschuur, Voorthuizen, Wessel, Zwartebroek

Barneveld (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Cornwallis

(dated) Cornwall (a duchy and county of England, United Kingdom)


Zand

* (Deurne) Derived from zand (“sand”).
* (Gemert-Bakel) First attested as Sant in 1794. Derived from zand (“sand”).

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bergen op Zoom

→ English: Bergen op Zoom

First attested as in villa qui dicitur bergon in 966. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch berga (“hill, elevated place”). The identifying element zoom (“seam, edge”) was added later, possibly to distinguish the city from nearby Steenbergen.

inh

Meronyms: Halsteren, Heihoefke, Heimolen, Kijkuit, Kladde, Klutsdorp, Lepelstraat, Nieuwe Molen, Oude Molen, Slikkenburg, Spinolaberg, Vetterik, Vrederust, Waterkant, Zuidgeest

Bergen op Zoom (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Wier

First attested as werue in the second half of the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Wier, derived in turn from Old Frisian werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”), probably related to Proto-West Germanic *warjan (“to defend”).

der

A village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Soest

First attested as soys and zoys in 1028. Etymology uncertain. One hypothesis proposes a derivation from a hydronym cognate to suizen (“swish, murmer”).

Meronyms: De Birkt, Hees, Melm, Pijnenburg, Soestdijk, Soestduinen, Soesterberg, Wieksloot

A town and municipality of Utrecht, the Netherlands


Horsten

First attested as HORSTEN (DE), ook de Onstwedderhorst genaamd in 1844. Derived from the plural form of horst (“overgrown elevated place”).

A hamlet in Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Bunde

Potentially attested as bundende in 893, attested with certainty as bunde in 1202. Etymology uncertain. Potentially related to Proto-Germanic *biwanda (“enclosed piece of land”), Transalpine Gaulish *bundo- (“soil, earth”), Alemannic German bunde (“foot of a mountain”) or Gallo-Roman Latin *bondam (“border”).
See also Limburgish Bung.

cog

A village and former municipality of Meerssen, Limburg, Netherlands


Rotte

The river is first attested as Rotta in 1028. The hydronym is likely derived from a compound of Old Dutch rot (“dirty, muddy”) and ā (“watercourse, river”).
The hamlet is attested in 1899 as Rotte (De). It is named after the river.

A hamlet in Lansingerland, South Holland, Netherlands


Alting

First attested as altinghen in 1284. Derived from Old Dutch Alte (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing-.

A hamlet in Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Kladde

First attested as Leemkladde in 1692. Derived from dialectal kladde (“lump of dirty mud, manure”). Compare Klaterbuurt, Klatering, Kletterbuurt, Kleuter and Klundert.

A hamlet in Bergen op Zoom, North Brabant, Netherlands


Klei

First attested as in de kleij in 1781. Derived from klei (“clay”). The settlement was built on clay ground.

A hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Woud

First attested as inne dat Woudt in 1554. Derived from woud (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

A hamlet in Sint-Michielsgestel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kats

First attested as chats in 1204. Etymology unknown. Perhaps related to dialectal kats (“sludge, dirty gunk”). No relationship with dialectal kets (“road used to bring cattle to pasture”) or kade (“embankment”). Compare Kaatsheuvel.

unk

unknown

A village and former municipality of Noord-Beveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Witmarsum

→ Portuguese: Witmarsum

First attested as witmarsum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Wytmarsum, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Witmer (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Ootmarsum.

A village and former municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Elsenfors

(obsolete) Helsinki (the capital city of Finland)


Lokeren

* (Belgium) From Middle Dutch Loekerne, Lokeren, further etymology unknown. Perhaps related to luiken or loeken.
* (Netherlands)

unknown

Meronyms: Daknam, Eksaarde

A municipality of East Flanders, Belgium


Middel

* (Noord-Holland) Attested as de Middel in 1658. Derived from middel (“middle”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as middele around 1300. Compound of Middle Dutch midde (“middle, mid-”) and lo (“light forest”).

A hamlet in Zaanstad, North Holland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Olst-Wijhe, Overijssel, Netherlands


Rien

First attested as Reensterzyl in 1527. Borrowed from West Frisian Rien, derived in turn from a hydronym derived from Proto-Germanic *raino (“boundary, border”).

der

A village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Hollenberg

A hamlet in Aalten, Gelderland, Netherlands


Loon

* (Drenthe) First attested as lon in the 12th century. Derived from the dative plural form of lo (“light forest”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as loen in 1450. Derived from the dative plural form of lo (“light forest”).

A village in Assen, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Waalre, North Brabant, Netherlands


The Bottom

Borrowed from English The Bottom, derived from a misinterpretation of Zealandic botte (“bowl”).

A village and capital of Saba, Netherlands


Beek

* (Beek) First attested as Becha in the mid-11th century. Derived from Old Dutch beke (“brook, stream”). See also Limburgish Baek.
* (Belgium) First attested in 1155. Derived from Old Dutch beke (“brook, stream”). Named after a nearby brook.
* (Berg en Dal) First attested as bechi in 814-815. Derived from Old Dutch beke (“brook, stream”).
* (Montferland) First attested as beke in 1206. Derived from Old Dutch beke (“brook, stream”).
* (Venray) Derived from beek (“brook, stream”).

Meronyms: Genhout, Geverik, Hobbelrade, Kelmond, Looiwinkel, Neerbeek, Oude Kerk, Spaubeek

A village and municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

A village and former municipality of Bree, Belgium

A village and former municipality of Berg en Dal, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village in Montferland, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Goes

→ Latin: Goesius

First attested as curtagosu in 976. Derived from an ancient hydronym, which in turn derives from Old Dutch gus (“stream”).

Meronyms: Abbekinderen, Blauwewijk, Eindewege, Goese Sas, Kattendijke, Kloetinge, Monnikendijk, Noordeinde, Oude Veerdijk, Oud-Sabbinge, Planketent, Roodewijk, 's-Heer Arendskerke, 's-Heer Hendrikskinderen, Sluis De Piet, Tervaten, Waanskinderen, Wilhelminadorp, Wissekerke, Wolphaartsdijk

A city and municipality of Zeeland, Netherlands


Wisch

Named after a fiefdom that was located on the territory of the municipality. The name of the fiefdom derives in turn from Old Dutch wisch (“damp pasture”). Related to Old English wisca (“river meadow”); all are probably related to Proto-Celtic *udenskyos (“water”) (River Wiske).

A former municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands


Straten

First attested as straten in 1312-1350. Derived from the dative plural form of straat (“way, road”).

A hamlet in Oirschot, North Brabant, Netherlands


Straat

First attested as jägerstraet in 1766. Derived from straat (“street, road”).
See also Limburgish Sjtraot.

A hamlet in Roermond, Limburg, Netherlands


Toom

First attested as toym in 1225. Likely indirectly derived from Latin tumba (“grave, burial mound”). Compare Tommel.

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Charkiv

Kharkiv, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Warken

First attested with certainty as warken in 1416. Etymology unknown. A variety of derivations have been proposed: from Middle Dutch vorewerc (“farm belonging to a manor or monastery”), from werk (“fortification”), or from Old Dutch Waro (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing-. None of these proposals match well with the earliest attestations of the toponym.

unk

unknown

inh

A hamlet in Zutphen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Oxe

First attested as oxe in 1266. Etymology unknown. Tentative links to Middle Dutch oke (“place where vegetables have been freshly planted”), Proto-Germanic *ohso- (“ox”) and German Low German uke (“protruding piece of a roof”) have been proposed.

unk

unknown

cog

A hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands


Ponte

Attested as De Ponte in 1838-1857. Derived from pont (“ferry”).


Dal

First attested as Dahl in 1803-1820. Derived from dal (“dale, valley”).

A hamlet in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Westland

Meronyms: Baakwoning, Blaker, De Driesprong, De Lier, Heenweg, Honselersdijk, Kwintsheul, Maasdijk, Mariëndijk, Monster, Naaldwijk, Nieuwe Tuinen, Oostbuurt, Poeldijk, Rolpaal, 's-Gravenzande, Ter Heijde, Wateringen, Westerlee

A municipality and region of South Holland, Netherlands, known for its greenhouses


Laar

* (Weert) First attested as Laer in 1790. Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”). See also Limburgish Laor.
* (Beekdaelen) Potentially attested as lare around 1170-1180, attested with certainty as lare in 1257. Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”). See also Limburgish Laor.
* (Peel en Maas) First attested as Het Kleine Laar in 1838-1857. Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”).
* (Cranendonck) First attested as lare in 1307. Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”).
* (Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten) First attested as te laar in 1406. Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”).
* (Sint-Michielsgestel) First attested as Laar in 1866. Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”).
* (Vught) Derived from laar (“intensively cultivated forest”).

A village in Weert, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Sint-Michielsgestel, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Vught, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bessens

First attested as Bessens in 1664. Borrowed from West Frisian Bessens, of uncertain etymology. The toponym may derive from Besse (a personal name).

A hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Koum

First attested as cougghum in 1410. Borrowed from West Frisian Koum, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Coda (a personal name) or Côfa and hēm (“home, settlement”).

A hamlet in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Laak

First attested as Laak (De) in 1846. Derived from laak (“natural watercourse”).

A hamlet in Wijchen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Agga

Shortened from Den Haag (“The Hague”) or borrowed from Sranan Tongo Aga, itself from Dutch Den Haag.


Dordrecht

First attested as thuredrith and thuredrit in 1064. From Middle Dutch dordrecht, which had various spellings (thuredrith, durthric, ...). There is some uncertainty as to the origin, mainly that of the suffix -drecht.
Van Berkel and Samplonius (2006) derive the name from the Germanic elements *þurhw (“through”) + *driftiz (“creek, waterway”), as the name initially would have been applied to a waterway connecting the Dubbel to the Merwede.
Van Osta (1996), in an essay attempting to trace the origins of the toponymic suffix -drecht, gives an overview of proposed etymologies for the second element -drecht. He considers the derivation from *drifti- unlikely for various reasons; for example, the ft to cht change that this view supposes is contradicted by the fact that in earlier attestations and in dialects where this change did not happen until much later, -cht is always found instead of the expected -ft. In his conclusion he follows Pottmeyer (1929) in his view that the element likely is to be reconstructed as a noun derived from *draganą (“to pull, draw, carry”), but unlike Pottmeyer (who interprets it as a portage), Van Osta believes it refers to a waterway with a towpath. He also briefly mentions Dordrecht, accepting the view that the first element means through.
The old explanation, that the second element -drecht is derived from Latin traiectum (which is the case for the toponymic element -trecht in Utrecht for example), has been rejected by many scholars (due to the unexplained change of tr to dr, among other reasons), though the claim is still repeated by some authors. Van Osta treats this at length.

Meronyms: Dubbeldam, Kop van 't Land, Tweede Tol, Wieldrecht

Dordrecht (a city, municipality, and island in South Holland, Netherlands)


Dommelen

First attested as dumellam in 1297. Derived from the dative plural form of the hydronym Dommel.

A village and former municipality of Valkenswaard, North Brabant, Netherlands


Edens

First attested as ederinghe in the 13th century. Derived from Old Frisian Ede (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older version of the Frisian name.

A village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Stork

First attested as Storck around 1680. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon stork (“stork, Ciconia ciconia”). Originally the name of a farmhouse, which was named in turn for three storks' nests located on its premises.

der

A hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Menzel

First attested as Mensel in 1546. Etymology unknown. Potentially a compound of lo (“light forest”) and an unknown first component. Compare Meensel and Munsel.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Bernheze, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kasen

First attested as caswyn in 1409. Etymology uncertain. Proposed etymologies include a derivation from the plural form of Latin casa (“cottage, house”) or a compound of Vulgar Latin *cassanus (“oak, Quercus sp.”) and Middle Dutch winne (“leased farmstead, farm”).
See also Limburgish Kaze.

uncertain

cog

A hamlet in Meerssen, Limburg, Netherlands


Brielle

First attested as briele in 1257. Derived from Middle Dutch briel (“enclosed woodland or park, market, square”).

inh

A city and former municipality of Voorne aan Zee, South Holland, Netherlands


Kade

First attested as FIJNAARTSCHE-KADE of Fijnaartsche-Kaai in 1843. Derived from kade (“embankment, low levee”).

A hamlet in Moerdijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Rotjeknor

First attested in the early twentieth century.

(slang, sometimes derogatory) Nickname for Rotterdam


Ameland

First attested as ambla between 819 and 825. Derived from a prehistoric hydronym Proto-Indo-European *amba (compare Proto-Germanic *ama- (“natural watercourse”)). The element land (“land”) is a later addition. Compare Amen, Emmeloord, Emer and Amdorf. See also West Frisian It Amelân.

cog

Meronyms: Ballum, Buren, Hollum, Kooiplaats, Nes

Ameland (an island and municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Vaticaan

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Dolberg

A hamlet in Voerendaal, Limburg, Netherlands


Holst

First attested as Holst in 1835. Perhaps derived from a variant of hulst (“holly forest”).
See also Limburgish De Hols.

A hamlet in Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


Graaf

Attested as de Graaf in 1868. Derived from graaf (“excavated watercourse”).


Stroet

First attested as stroeden in 1343. Derived from Middle Dutch stroet (“swampy place overgrown with brushwood”). Compare Stroe, Strood and Stroud.

inh

A village in Schagen, North Holland, Netherlands


Kleef

From Middle Dutch clēve, derived from clif, clef, modern Dutch klif (“cliff”).

Kleve, Cleves, a town in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, near the Dutch border and the River Rhine


Doetinchem

First found in a Latin-language document from the year 838, mentioning a ‘villa Duetinghem’, a settlement with a small church. The first element appears to be the name of a family (compare Proto-Germanic *-ingaz); the second appears to be related to Proto-Germanic *haimaz. In 887, there is another mention of ‘Deutinkem’, a fortress with a church which had been given to the then bishop of Utrecht. The spelling has varied over the centuries, with ‘Duttichem’, ‘Duichingen’ and ‘Deutekom’ being just some examples. See also Dutch Low Saxon Deutekem, Dörkum.

Meronyms: Dichteren, Gaanderen, IJzevoorde, Kleindorp, Langerak, Nieuw-Wehl, Wehl, Wijnbergen

Doetinchem (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Enschede

First attested as anneschethe in 1119. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Dutch skētha (“boundary, border”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Eanske.

Meronyms: Boekelo, Broekheurne, Driene, Glanerbrug, Lonneker, Rutbeek, Twekkelo, Usselo

Enschede (a city and municipality of Overijssel, Netherlands)


Deventer

First attested as dauentre in 840-849. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps derived from an ancient Celtic hydronym or a compound of either Old Dutch daf (“dead”) or *Dafa (a personal name) and *threo (“tree”). Compare Daventry.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Daeventer.

Meronyms: Apenhuizen, Averlo, Bathmen, Colmschate, De Bannink, Diepenveen, Dortherhoek, Frieswijk, Lettele, Linde, Loo, Molenbelt, Okkenbroek, Oude Molen, Oxe, Pieriksmars, Rande, Schalkhaar, Snipperling, Tjoene, Zuidloo

Deventer (a city and municipality, an Overijssel in the Netherlands)


Zwolle

* (Overijssel) First attested as swolle in 1129. Derived from Old Dutch *swolle (“elevated place”). The toponym refers to an incline in the landscape between the four rivers surrounding the city, i.e. the IJssel, Vecht, Aa and Zwarte Water. The hill was the only piece of land that would remain dry during the frequent floodings of the rivers. Zwolle was established on that incline. Compare Zweeloo.
* (Oost Gelre) First attested as suellen in 1234. Derived from Middle Dutch swelle (“hill, elevated place”). Compare Zweeloo.
The surname derives from one of the toponyms.

Meronyms: De Lichtmis, De Ruiten, Haerst, Harculo, Herfte, Hoog Zuthem, Langenholte, Oldeneel, Spoolde, Wijthmen, Windesheim, Zalné

Zwolle (a city, municipality, and capital of Overijssel, Netherlands)

A hamlet in Oost Gelre, Gelderland, Netherlands


Schiedam

First attested as dicho de scie in 1204. From Schie (name of a river) + dam. The river Schie was dammed in the Middle Ages.

Meronym: Windas

Schiedam (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Achterhoek

* (region) From achter (“back”) + hoek (“corner, area”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Achterhook.
* (Nijkerk) First attested as in den Achterhoeck in 1608. Compound of achter (“back”) and hoek (“remote place”). Originally the name of the southwestern sector of the Arkemheen polder.
* (Rucphen, Rucphen-West) First attested as Achterhoek in 1899. Compound of achter (“back”) and hoek (“remote place”).
* (Rucphen, Rucphen-Oost) First attested as Achterhoek in 1899. Compound of achter (“back”) and hoek (“remote place”).
* (Hof van Twente) First attested as Achterhoek in 1867. Compound of achter (“back”) and hoek (“remote place”). The settlement was named for its remote location when seen from Hengelo.

A hamlet in Nijkerk, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Rucphen, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Hof van Twente, Overijssel, Netherlands


Vlaardingen

First attested as flardingis around 1018. Derived from the dative plural form of the hydronym Vlaarding, potentially derived in turn from Old Dutch *flard (“ragged strip”) (here referring to strips of land in the river) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing-.

Meronym: Zuidbuurt

Vlaardingen (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Moerdijk

First attested as Moerdijck in 1573. Derived from moerdijk (“levee constructed in a peat extraction area so that salt could be extracted from the turf”).

Meronyms: Achterdijk, Barlaque, Bovensluis, Drie Hoefijzers, Driehoek, Fijnaart, Heijningen, Helwijk, Hoekske, Kade, Klundert, Kreek, Kwartier, Langeweg, Lochtenburg, Nieuwemolen, Noordhoek, Noordschans, Oranjeoord, Oudemolen, Pelikaan, Roodevaart, Stadse Dijk, Standdaarbuiten, Strooiendorp, Tonnekreek, Willemstad, Zevenbergen, Zevenbergschen Hoek, Zevenhuizen, Zwingelspaan

Moerdijk (a village and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Rietveld

* (Utrecht) First attested as retfelt in 1156. Compound of Old Dutch ret (“reed”) and felt (“field”).
* (Alphen aan den Rijn) Compound of riet (“reed”) and veld (“field”).
* (Molenlanden) Attested as Rietveldsche Polder in 1839-1859. Compound of riet (“reed”) and veld (“field”).
The surname derives from a compound of riet (“reed(s)”) + veld (“field”) or from one of several toponyms.

A hamlet and former municipality of Woerden, Utrecht, Netherlands

Alphen aan den Rijn
Alphen aan den Rijn#English

A hamlet in Alphen aan den Rijn, South Holland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Molenlanden, South Holland, Netherlands


Langenberg

First attested as langenbergh in 1682. Compound of lang (“long, elongated”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”).

A hamlet in Boxtel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Beugen

First attested as boghene in 1294. Derived from a term cognate with buigen (“bend”) and boog (“bend, curve”). Compare Beegden and Beugt.

A village in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Zelen

First attested as Zeelen in 1803-1820. Etymology unknown. Perhaps related to Middle Dutch sille (“type of land division”).

unk

unknown

cog

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Zandvoort

→ English: Zandvoort

* (North Holland): First attested as santfort in 1105-1120. Equivalent to zand (“sand”) + voorde (“ford, crossing”). From Middle Dutch Sandevoerde (literally “sand ford”). Compare Sandford.
* (Gelderland):
* (Utrecht): Compound of zand (“sand”) and voorde (“ford, crossing”). Named after a former hamlet.

inh

Meronym: Bentveld

Zandvoort (a village, municipality, and beach resort in North Holland, Netherlands)

A hamlet in Lingewaard, Gelderland, Netherlands


Bree

First attested as britte in 1007. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *brida (“plank, board”) suffixed with the locative suffix *-ja-.

Meronyms: Beek, Gerdingen, Opitter, Tongerlo


Tolbert

First attested as oldebert in 1479. Compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and bert (“settlement”). The initial T- is the result of the preposition te (“at”) being contracted into the toponym. The element ald was added to distinguish the settlement from Niebert. Compare Taarlo, Tinallinge and Tubbergen.

A village in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Rincon

Borrowed from Spanish Rincon, derived from rincón (“corner”). The village is located in a secluded corner along the first road of the island.


Kling

First attested as Kling in 1835. Derived from kling (“hill, elevated place, rough heath”).

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands


Geer

* (De Ronde Venen) Attested as De Geer in 1839-1859. Derived from geer (“tapering piece of land”).
* (Vijfheerenlanden) Attested as Geer (De) in 1874. Derived from geer (“tapering piece of land”). Named after a nearby levee, named in turn after a nearby watercourse.

A hamlet in De Ronde Venen, Utrecht, Netherlands

A hamlet in Vijfheerenlanden, Utrecht, Netherlands


Wessel

A hamlet in Barneveld, Gelderland, Netherlands


Roden

First attested as rothen in 1139. Derived from the dative plural form of rode (“land cleared of trees”). Compare Het Raan, Raar, Raren, Rha, Rhaan and Rhoon.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Roon.

A village and former municipality of Noordenveld, Drenthe, Netherlands


Medel

Potentially attested as de medela in 1076-1081, attested with certainty as in medele in 1196. Perhaps a compound of Old Dutch mede (“middle, centrally located”) (see middel) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Meijel.

A hamlet in Tiel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Cool

First attested as coele in 1281-1284. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch cole (“cabbage, Brassica oleracea”).

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands


Rhee

First attested as to rede in 1381-1383. Derived from Middle Dutch rede (“boundary line, building line”).


Croy

First attested as Croye and Croij in the 16th century. Likely named after Jacob of Croÿ-Chimay (around 1436-1516), who inherited a nearby castle in 1477.

A hamlet in Helmond, North Brabant, Netherlands


Loo

* (Duiven) First attested as loy in 1294-1295. Derived from Middle Dutch lo (“light forest”).
* (Bergeijk) First attested as Loo in 1794. Derived from lo (“light forest”).
* (Berkelland) First attested as t Loo in 1868. Derived from lo (“light forest”).
* (Limburg) First attested as Den Loo in 1803-1820. Derived from lo (“light forest”).
* (Bernheze) Derived from lo (“light forest”).
* (Maashorst) Derived from lo (“light forest”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as lo in 1272. Derived from lo (“light forest”).

A village in Duiven, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village in Bergeijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Berkelland, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Bernheze, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands


Amersfoort

First attested as amersfoirde in 1028. Compound of the hydronym Amer (likely identical or cognate to Eem) and Old Dutch furda (“ford, crossing”). Compare Amerongen.

Meronyms: Buurtsdijk, Coelhorst, Hoogland, Hooglanderveen, Stoutenburg-Noord, Zeldert

Amersfoort (a city and municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands)


Huizen

First attested as husen in 1381-1382. Derived from the dative plural form of Middle Dutch huus (“house”).

Meronyms: Bikbergen, Crailo, Huizerhoogt, Valkeveen

A village and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands


Balk

First attested as balc in 1491. Borrowed from West Frisian Balk, derived in turn from Old Frisian balk (“fixed bridge, beam of wood used as a gangboard”).

der

De Fryske Marren
De Fryske Marren#English

A village and former municipality of De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Esch

First attested as hesc in 773-774. Likely derived from Proto-West Germanic *aski (“ash forest”) (see *ask).

inh

A village and former municipality of Boxtel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Schermerhorn

First attested as den horn in the 14th century. Compound of the hydronym Schermer and Middle Dutch horn (“corner”). The village developed in the corner of a levee.

A village and former municipality of Alkmaar, North Holland, Netherlands


Barrier

* (Limburg) First attested as De Bovenste Barrier in 1899. Derived from dialectal barrier (“toll, tollpost”). See also Limburgish 't Breer.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Tol in 1866. Derived from dialectal barrier (“toll, tollpost”).

A hamlet in Voerendaal, Limburg, Netherlands


Haring

First attested as de Harrenk in 1803-1820. Potentially derived from haar (“sandy ridge”) suffixed with -ing. Compare Op den Hering.

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Witten

First attested as withen in 1294. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from the dative plural form of wit (“white”), used here to designate a settlement built on white sand.

unk

unknown


Vreeland

First attested as vredelant in 1260. Derived from Middle Dutch vredelant (“land where peace is enforced”). Originally the name of a castle.

inh

A city and former municipality of Stichtse Vecht, Utrecht, Netherlands


Bangert

Attested as Bogert in 1680. Derived from a dialectal variant of bongerd (“orchard”).

A hamlet in Medemblik, North Holland, Netherlands


Neer

First attested as nere in 1204. Derived from the hydronym Neer, which in turn is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“penetrate, dive under, hollow”). Compare the hydronyms Norwegian Nera, Latvian Nerra and Graeco-Roman Latin Nereus (name of a sea deity).
See also Limburgish Naer.

A village and former municipality of Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Borger

First attested as in borghere in 1327. Etymology uncertain. The likeliest proposed derivation is that of a compound of Old Dutch burg (“fortified settlement, castle”) and heri (“sandy ridge”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Börger.
The surname derives from an ablauted form of burger or from the toponym.

A village and former municipality of Borger-Odoorn, Drenthe, Netherlands


Austerlitz

First attested as Austerlitz in 1806. Borrowed from German Austerlitz, the German name of Slavkov u Brna. Louis Napoleon gave the village this name after Napoleon won a victory there against Austria and Russia.

A village in Zeist, Utrecht, Netherlands


Riel

* (Goirle) First attested as riele in 1310. Etymology unknown. Proposed etymologies include a compound of riet (“reed, Phragmites communis”) and lo (“light forest”), Proto-Celtic *rigodulum (“royal forest”), Latin rigola (“watercourse”), a term cognate to Old High German rigil (“ridge, bannister”) or Old High German *rîdel (“small stream”), none of which match the oldest attestations neither morphologically nor semantically. Compare Riehl.
* (Eindhoven) First attested as riele in 1302. Etymology unknown. Proposed etymologies include a compound of riet (“reed, Phragmites communis”) and lo (“light forest”), Proto-Celtic *rigodulum (“royal forest”), Latin rigola (“watercourse”), a term cognate to Old High German rigil (“ridge, bannister”) or Old High German *rîdel (“small stream”), none of which match the oldest attestations neither morphologically nor semantically. Compare Riehl.

unk

unknown

cog

A village in Goirle, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Mun

First attested as mollen in 1253. Etymology unknown. Potentially a compound of an unclear first element and lo (“light forest”).

unk

unknown


Holte

First attested as Holte in 1899. Derived from the dative singular form of hout (“rising deciduous forest”).

A hamlet in Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Bergh

Named after the Land van den Bergh, a fiefdom that was located on the territory of the municipality and had its seat in 's-Heerenberg.

A former municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands


Gerner

First attested as de gernere around 1310. Potentially a compound of Middle Dutch geer (“wedge-shaped, piece of land which tapers”) and haar (“sandy ridge”). Compare Gaanderen.

inh

A hamlet in Dalfsen, Overijssel, Netherlands


Mook

First attested as moldeka in 1206. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from an unknown root suffixed with the Gallo-Roman suffix -acum. An opposing hypothesis proposes a derivation from an unknown root suffixed with Proto-Germanic *-ikja. A derivation from a contraction of molde (“earth, fine sand, dust”) and wijk (“village, settlement”) is impossible. Compare Blerick, Bunnik, Cuijk, Geverik, Lopik, Maurik, Niftrik, Odijk, Varik, Woezik and Fellerich.

Mook en Middelaar
Mook en Middelaar#English

A village in Mook en Middelaar, Limburg, Netherlands


Hallum

First attested as hallem in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hallum, in turn derived from a compound of either a term cognate to Old English halh (“corner, bend”) or Old Frisian Halle (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Hall, Hellum and Hollum.

A village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Hild

First attested as hilt in 1391. Derived from Middle Dutch hilt (“hill”).

A hamlet in Oisterwijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Lemmer

First attested as in de lemmer in 1309. Borrowed from West Frisian De Lemmer, derived in turn from a potentially pre-Germanic hydronym.

A village and former municipality of De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Blaker

A hamlet in Westland, South Holland, Netherlands


Venne

* (Limburg) First attested as Venne in 1803-1820. Derived from ven (“small pool in a forest or heath”). See also Limburgish In 't Vin.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Achterste Venne, Voorste Venne in 1868. Derived from ven (“small pool in a forest or heath”).

A hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Gewande

From Middle Dutch ghewande (“land held in leasehold by a farmer, farmstead”) (first attested in 1308).

A hamlet in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant, Netherlands


Basse

First attested as bassinghe around 1425. Etymology unknown. The oldest attestation of the toponym is a derivation from Old Dutch Basse (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing-, but the loss of the collectivising suffix in later attestations is strange.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Wolbert

First attested as op de Wolbert in 1889. Originally a family name, used here in a figurative sense to refer to the possessions of the family or individual(s) bearing the name.

A hamlet in Heerde, Gelderland, Netherlands


Spier

First attested as in spehoerne in 1212. Potentially a compound of Middle Dutch spieden (“spy, observe”) and horn (“corner”). The toponym might thus refer to a lookout point.

A village in Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Witman

First attested as De Witman in 1830-1855. Derived from witman (“widower”).

A hamlet in Hardenberg, Overijssel, Netherlands


Spang

Attested as Spang in 1616. Possibly derived from Proto-Germanic *spanga (“beam”) or from dialectal spange (“elongated strip of land”). Compare Spanbroek, Spanga, Spangen and Spannum.

A hamlet in Texel, North Holland, Netherlands


Joppe

First attested as Jobstede in 1608. Compound of Job (a personal name) and Middle Dutch stede (“place, city”).

A village in Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


St. Johns

Borrowed from English St. Johns. Named after Saint John.


Ell

First attested as elle in 1244. Etymology unknown. Not derived from Middle Dutch *erle (“alder, Alnus sp.”) or helle (“lowland, swampland”). Compare Luxembourgish Ell.
See also Limburgish Èl.

unknown

A village in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Lichtenberg

* (Overijssel) Attested as den Ligtenberg in 1865. Compound of licht (“light”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Leggenbarg.
* (Limburg) First attested as Lichtemig in 1699. Compound of licht (“light”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”).

A hamlet in Rijssen-Holten, Overijssel, Netherlands


Rott

First attested as Rodt in 1665. Derived from rode (“land cleared of trees”).
See also Central Franconian G'n Root.


Corle

First attested as curlo in the 14th century. Compound derived from an unknown first component and lo (“light forest”).

A hamlet in Winterswijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Hout

* (Limburg) Derived from hout (“rising deciduous forest”).
* (Noord-Brabant) Derived from hout (“rising deciduous forest”).

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Geldrop-Mierlo, North Brabant, Netherlands


Keppel

Named after Keppel (now divided into Hoog-Keppel and Laag-Keppel), which in turn is derived from Old Dutch keppele (“chapel”).

A former municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands


Morra

Potentially attested as mure and muore around 819-825, attested with certainty as morra in 1422. Borrowed from West Frisian Moarre, derived in turn from Old Frisian môr (“swamp”).

A village in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Lengel

First attested as lengele in 1144. Etymology uncertain. The first element is thought to be related to lang (“long”), but its precise interpretation is subject to debate.

A village in Montferland, Gelderland, Netherlands


Hegge

First attested as hegge in 1288. Derived from heg (“hedge”).
See also Limburgish G'n Hèk.

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands


Melick

Potentially attested as Mederiacum and Moderiacum around 300, attested with certainty as malica in 943. If the oldest attestations refer to the current settlement, a derivation from Latin *Mederius (a personal name) or *Moderius suffixed with -acum is possible. If the oldest attestations do not refer to the current settlement, a derivation from Latin Melius (a personal name) suffixed with -acum is possible. Compare Meiderich.
See also Limburgish Melik, Mieëlik.

A village in Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


Merk

Marck (a city in the Pas-de-Calais department, France)


Ewer

First attested as ewenheert to ewer in 1405. Likely a compound of Old Frisian Ewe (a personal name) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Aiwerd.

A hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Haren

* (Groningen) First attested as haren in 1249. Derived from the dative plural form of haar (“sandy ridge”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Hoaren.
* (Noord-Brabant) Potentially attested as hare in 1024, attested with certainty as haren in 1191. Derived from the dative plural form of haar (“sandy ridge”).

A village and former municipality of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

A village in Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands


Warns

First attested with certainty as warlesle in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Warns, derived in turn from Old Frisian Wardilo (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.

A village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Bankert

First attested as Banckart in 1627. Perhaps derived from a surname or from a compound of an unknown first element and aard (“cultivated land”).

A hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Hem

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as hem around 1312. Derived from Middle Dutch hamme (“alluvial land in the bend of a watercourse”).
* (Friesland) First attested as De Hem in 1511. Borrowed from West Frisian De Him, derived from him (“inland polder with natural drainage”).

inh

A village in Drechterland, North Holland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Hert

First attested as den haerdt in 1406. Derived from Middle Dutch haert (“hearth, homestead”) (modern haard).


Helling

helling

First attested as Helling in 1803-1820. Derived from helling (“slope, incline”).

A hamlet in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Capelle

* (Noord-Brabant) Named after Capelle, currently part of Sprang-Capelle.
* (Zeeland) First attested as Cappella in Duvelant in 1395-1396. Derived from Middle Dutch capelle (“chapel”).

A former municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Bergum

First attested as berchem in 1297. Borrowed from West Frisian Burgum, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian berg (“hill, elevated place”).

der

A village and former municipality of Tytsjerksteradiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Kronenberg

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

A village in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Gaal

First attested as gala in 1174. Etymology unknown. Proposed etymologies include a derivation from a compound hydronym formed from either Proto-Germanic *galan (“sing, rage”) or gal (“bile, yellow”) and aa (“water, river”) or from Proto-Germanic *alha- (“homestead, farmstead”) prefixed with the collectivising prefix ga-. Compare Galder, Maasniel and Middegaal.

unk

unknown

cog

A hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands


Rutten

The village is attested as Rutten in 1950. It is named after a former village located on the former island of Nagele.

A village in Noordoostpolder, Flevoland, Netherlands


Holten

* (Rijssen-Holten) First attested as holten in 1237. Likely derived from the dative plural form of holt (“rising deciduous forest”).
* (Zwartewaterland) First attested as Ten Holte in 1665. Derived from the dative plural form of holt (“rising deciduous forest”).

A village and former municipality of Rijssen-Holten, Overijssel, Netherlands

A hamlet in Zwartewaterland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Tholen

First attested as de tholle in 1261. Derived from Middle Dutch tolle (“tollhouse”) or tolne (“tollhouse”).
See also Zealandic Tole.

Meronyms: Anna Jacobapolder, Botshoofd, De Rand, De Sluis, Gorishoek, Het Oudeland, Malland, Molenvliet, Mosselhoek, Onder de Molen, Oud Kerkhof, Oud-Vossemeer, Poortvliet, Scherpenisse, Schoondorp, Sint-Annaland, Sint-Maartensdijk, Sint Philipsland, Stavenisse, Steenenkruis, Strijenham, Westkerke

A city, municipality, and island in Zeeland, Netherlands


Baars

First attested as baersdijc in 1340. Derived from baars (“perch, Perca sp.”). Originally the name of a farmstead.

A hamlet in Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Medler

First attested as myddelere in 1418. Compound of middel (“middle”) and laar (“intensively cultivated forest”).

A hamlet in Bronckhorst, Gelderland, Netherlands


Vink

vink

* (hamlet)
* (neighbourhood) See also Central Franconian De Vink.
The surname derives from one of the toponyms or from one of the senses of vink.

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands


Anjum

First attested as anigheim in 944. Borrowed from West Frisian Eanjum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Ane (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and hem (“home, settlement”).

A village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Viel

First attested as Viel in 1840. Etymology unknown. A relationship with Latin villa (“farm”) is uncertain.
See also Limburgish G'n Veel.

unk

unknown


Beckum

First attested as beckem in 1268. Potentially a compound of Middle Dutch beke (“brook, stream”) and heem (“home, settlement”). Compare German Beckum.

A village in Hengelo, Overijssel, Netherlands


Driessen

The toponym is first attested as Driessen in 1899 and derives from the surname.
The surname derives from Dries (variant of Andries) + -sen.

suf

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">Andries</i>

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Lelystad

From Lely + stad (“town, city”). The former after Cornelis Lely, one of the planners of the land reclamation projects in the former Zuiderzee. The name was given in 1952.

Lelystad (a city, municipality, and capital of Flevoland, Netherlands)


Philipsburg

Borrowed from English Philipsburg, a compound of Philips (a surname) and burg. Named after John Philips, a Scottish officer in Dutch service.


Haukes

A hamlet in Berg en Dal, Gelderland, Netherlands


Graft

First attested as greft in the 12th century. Derived from Old Frisian greft (“dug canal”) or Old Dutch graft (“dug canal”).

A village and former municipality of Alkmaar, North Holland, Netherlands


Elsen

First attested as elsne in 1252. Potentially derived from els (“alder, Alnus sp.”) suffixed with the toponymic suffix -en.

A hamlet in Hof van Twente, Overijssel, Netherlands


Leens

First attested as lidenge in the 13th century. Derived from Old Frisian lida (“excavated watercourse”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.

der

A village and former municipality of Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Grave

First attested as grauen in 1214. Derived from Middle Dutch grave (“excavated watercourse”), related to modern graf.

inh

A city and former municipality of Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Oudemolen

* (Drenthe) First attested as oldenmolen in 1498. Compound of oud (“old”) and molen (“mill”). Named after a former water mill. See also Dutch Low Saxon Olmeul.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Oude Molen in 1838-1857. Compound of oud (“old”) and molen (“mill”). Named after a former windmill which was torn down in 1715. It was replaced by a new windmill, which also inspired the name of nearby Nieuwemolen.

A hamlet in Tynaarlo, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Moerdijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Annen

First attested as anne, annen and annum in 1309. Etymology unknown. Not derived from heem (“home, settlement”) or a personal name.

unk

unknown

A village in Aa en Hunze, Drenthe, Netherlands


Groeneveld

* (Flevoland) Compound of groen (“green”) and veld (“field”).
* (Zuid-Holland) Compound of groen (“green”) and veld (“field”). Named after a former fiefdom.
The surname derives from a compound of groen (“green”) and veld (“field”) or from one of several toponyms.

A former municipality of South Holland, Netherlands


Oling

First attested as ollingum in 1466. Derived from Old Frisian Ole (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.

A hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Wijchen

First attested as wichine in 1155. Etymology unknown. Possibilities include a derivation from Proto-Germanic *wîh- (“sacred”) or *wîg- (“battle”). Compare Wehe and Wijhe.

unknown

Meronyms: Alverna, Balgoij, Batenburg, Bergharen, Boskant, Bullenkamp, Den Hoef, Heiveld, Hernen, Hoogbroek, Klispoel, Laak, Leur, Lienden, Lunen, Niftrik, Teersdijk, Wezel

Wijchen (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Wons

First attested as wyldinghen in 1270. Derived from Old Frisian Waldo (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.

A village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Littenseradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Littenseradiel.

Littenseradiel (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Menaldumadeel

Calque of West Frisian Menameradiel, a compound of the toponym Menaam and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).

Menameradiel (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Ferwerderadeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Ferwerderadiel, a compound of the toponym Ferwert and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).

Ferwerderadiel (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Dantumadeel

Meronyms: Broeksterwoude, Damwoude, De Valom, Driesum, Kuikhorne, Oostwoud, Rinsumageest, Roodkerk, Sijbrandahuis, Veenwouden, Wouterswoude, Zwaagwesteinde

Dantumadiel (a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


het Bildt

First attested as een wtlant, gheheten bil, dat aengheworpen is buten dycs in 1398. Derived from Old Frisian bil (“alluvial land, low-lying pasture next to a watercourse”) with epenthetic -t.

der

het Bildt (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Dongeradeel

Dongeradeel (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Urk

First attested as urch in 966. Etymology uncertain. A proposed derivation from *urd-k ("little island") is impossible. A proposed link between Urk and the Orkney Islands is implausible.

Urk (a village, municipality, and former island in Flevoland, Netherlands)


Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland

Derived from the toponyms Kollumerland (a compound of the toponym Kollum and land (“land”)) and Nieuwkruisland (a large polder).

Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland
Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland#English

Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Franekeradeel

Calque of West Frisian Frjentsjerteradiel, a compound of the toponym Frjentsjer and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).

clq

Franekeradeel (a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Lingewaal

Compound of the hydronyms Linge and Waal. The municipality was named for its location at the confluence of the two rivers.

Lingewaal (a former municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Smallingerland

Borrowed from West Frisian Smellingerlân, a compound of the hydronym Smelle Ie and lân (“land”).

Meronyms: Boornbergum, Buitenstverlaat, De Gaasten, De Kletten, De Kooi, De Puntpaal, De Tike, De Veenhoop, De Wilgen, Drachten, Drachtstercompagnie, Egbertsgaasten, Folgeren, Galhoek, Goëngahuizen, Houtigehage, Kortehemmen, Luchtenveld, Middelburen, Nijega, Nijtap, Noorderend, Opeinde, Opperburen, Oudega, Rottevalle, Siteburen, Smalle Ee, Uiteinde, Wierren, Zandburen, Zuiderheide

Smallingerland (a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Hoogeveen

/ˌɦoː.ɣəˈveːn/

/ˈɦoː.ɣəˌveːn/

* (Drenthe) Attested as Nie Echten in 1634. Univerbation of hoog + veen. The settlement was initially called Nieuw Echten ("New Echten"). See also Dutch Low Saxon 't Ogeveine, 't Oveine, 't Hogeveine.
* (Zuid-Holland) Compound of hoog (“high, elevated”) and veen (“peat bog, marsh”). Formerly an independent hamlet.

Meronyms: Elim, Fluitenberg, Hollandscheveld, Nieuweroord, Nieuwlande, Nieuw Moscou, Nijstad, Noordscheschut, Pesse, Stuifzand, Tiendeveen

Hoogeveen (a town and municipality of Drenthe, Netherlands)

A former hamlet and former municipality of South Holland, Netherlands


Noordenveld

Compound of noorden (“northern, north”) + veld (“field”). The municipality is named after one of the former legal districts of Drenthe.

compound

Meronyms: Altena, Alteveer, Amerika, Boerlaan, De Pol, De Streek, Een, Een-West, Foxwolde, Huis ter Heide, Klunderveen, Langelo, Lieveren, Leutingewolde, Matsloot, Nietap, Nieuw-Roden, Norg, Norgervaart, Peest, Peize, Peizermade, Peizerwold, Roden, Roderesch, Roderwolde, Sandebuur, Steenbergen, Terheijl, Veenhuizen, Westervelde, Zuidvelde

Noordenveld (a municipality of Drenthe, Netherlands)


Terschelling

First attested as schellinghe in 1296. Derived from a compound of an inflected form of te (“at”) and Old Frisian skillinge (“boundary, limit”). Compare Schellingwoude and Schellinkhout. See also West Frisian Skylge.

der

Meronyms: Baaiduinen, Dellewal, Formerum, Halfweg, Hee, Hoorn, Horp, Kaard, Kinnum, Landerum, Lies, Midsland, Midsland Noord, Oosterend, Striep, West-Terschelling

Terschelling (an island and municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Harlingen

First attested as herlinge in 1232-1233. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Harilo (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.
See also West Frisian Harns.

Meronyms: Almenum, De Blijnse, IJslumburen, Koetille, Koningsbuurt, Luidum, Midlum, Ungabuurt, Voorrijp, Wijnaldum

Harlingen (a city and municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Meppel

Potentially attested as meppele in 1141, attested with certainty as apud mappele in 1298-1304. Etymology unknown. Unlikely to be cognate to English maple, Old Saxon mapulder (“maple tree”). It is uncertain whether the element lo (“light forest”) is present in the toponym. Compare Meppen and Meppen.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Möppelt.

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Broekhuizen, De Kolk, De Schiphorst, Kolderveen, Kolderveense Bovenboer, Nijentap, Nijeveen, Nijeveense Bovenboer, Rogat

Liever dood in een greppel dan wonen in Meppel. (colloquial quip)

One'd rather lie dead in a ditch than live in Meppel.

Meppel (a city and municipality of Drenthe, Netherlands)


Opsterland

Borrowed from West Frisian Opsterlân, in turn derived from Old Frisian upsaterland, a compound of upsater (“inhabitant of an upland”) and land (“land”).

Meronyms: Allardsoog, Bakkeveen, Beetsterzwaag, Frieschepalen, Gorredijk, Haneburen, Hanebuurt, Heidehuizen, Hemrik, Hemrikerverlaat, Jonkersland, Klein Groningen, Kooibos, Kortezwaag, Langezwaag, Lippenhuizen, Luxwoude, Nieuwe Vaart, Nij Beets, Olterterp, Oosterend, Oud Beets, Rolbrug, Selmien, Siegerswoude, Sparjebird, Terwispel, Tijnje, Uilesprong, Ureterp, Ureterp aan de Vaart, Voorwerk, Vosseburen, Welgelegen, Wijngaarden, Wijnjeterpverlaat, Wijnjewoude

Opsterland (a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Borger-Odoorn

Meronyms: Boermastreek, Borger, Bronneger, Bronnegerveen, Buinen, Buinerveen, Dikbroeken, Drouwen, Drouwenermond, Drouwenerveen, Eerste Exloërmond, Ees, Eesergroen, Eeserveen, Ellertshaar, Exloërkijl, Exloërveen, Exloo, Kavelingen, Klijndijk, Nieuw-Buinen, Odoorn, Odoornerveen, Tweede Exloërmond, Tweede Valthermond, Valthe, Valtherblokken, Valthermond, Valthermussel, Westdorp, Zandberg

Borger-Odoorn (a municipality of Drenthe, Netherlands)


Rijnwaarden

Compound of the hydronym Rijn and the plural form of waard (“land next to water, riverine island”).

Rijnwaarden (a former municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Heerenveen

First attested as Sheerenfeen in 1579. From heer (“gentleman”) + -en- + veen (“peat bog, marsh”). The settlement was named after the owners of the company which developed the land around the future settlement.

compound

Meronyms: Akkrum, Anneburen, Birstum, Bontebok, Brongerga, De Knipe, Gersloot, Gersloot-Polder, Haskerdijken, Henshuizen, Hoornsterzwaag, Jubbega, Katlijk, Luinjeberd, Meskenwier, Mildam, Nes, Nieuwebrug, Nieuwehorne, Nieuweschoot, Oldeboorn, Oosterboorn, Oranjewoud, Oudehorne, Oudeschoot, Oude Schouw, Pean, Poppenhuizen, Schurega, Sorremorre, Spitsendijk, Sythuizen, Terband, Tjalleberd, Warniahuizen

Heerenveen (a village and municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Druten

First attested as drutena in the 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps derived from Proto-Germanic *þrutina (“throat, narrow passage”), which when used in toponyms might designate an elevated location.

cog

Meronyms: Afferden, Deest, Horssen, Molenhoek, Neersteind, Puiflijk

Druten (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Schiermonnikoog

First attested as moenkelangenoe around 1400. Compound of schier (“grey”) + monnik (“monk”) + oog (“island.”). Named after a former Cistercian monastery. Compare Grijssloot and Wittewierum.
See also West Frisian Skiermûntseach and Schiermonnikoog Frisian Schiermonnikeig.

compound

Schiermonnikoog (a village and municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Culemborg

First attested as in kulenburg in 1281. Compound of regional kuil (“kolk lake”) and burg (“fortified settlement, castle”).

Meronym: Goilberdingen

Culemborg (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Noordoostpolder

Meronyms: Bant, Creil, Emmeloord, Ens, Espel, Kraggenburg, Luttelgeest, Marknesse, Nagele, Rutten, Schokkerhaven, Schokland, Tollebeek

Noordoostpolder (a polder and municipality of Flevoland, Netherlands)


Maasdriel

Compound of the hydronym Maas and the toponymic element driel, which appears in the names of several villages within the municipality.

Meronyms: Alem, Ammerzoden, Californië, Doorning, Hedel, Heerewaarden, Hoenzadriel, Hurwenen, Kerkdriel, Oensel, Rome, Rossum, Sint Andries, Slijkwell, Velddriel, Veluwe, Voorne, Well, Wellseind, Wordragen

Maasdriel (a municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Aa en Hunze

/ˌaː ɛn ˈɦʏn.zə/

Meronyms: Achter 't Hout, Amen, Anderen, Anloo, Annen, Annerveenschekanaal, Balloërveld, Balloo, Bareveld, Bonnen, Bonnerveen, Bosje, Bovenstreek, De Hilte, Deurze, Eerste Dwarsdiep, Eext, Eexterveen, Eexterveenschekanaal, Eexterzandvoort, Ekehaar, Eldersloo, Eleveld, Gasselte, Gasselterboerveen, Gasselterboerveenschemond, Gasselternijveen, Gasselternijveenschemond, Gasteren, Geelbroek, Gieten, Gieterzandvoort, Grolloo, Kostvlies, Marwijksoord, Nieuw-Annerveen, Nieuwediep, Nijlande, Nooitgedacht, Oud-Annerveen, Papenvoort, Rolde, Schipborg, Schoonloo, Schreierswijk, Spijkerboor, Torenveen, Tweede Dwarsdiep, Veenhof, Vredenheim

Aa en Hunze (a municipality of Drenthe, Netherlands)


Hattem

First attested as hatheim around 800-850. Compound derived from the tribal name of the Hatti and heem (“home, settlement”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Attem.

Hattem (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Weststellingwerf

Compound of west (“west-, western”) and a compound toponym derived from Middle Dutch stelling (“administrator”) and werf (“place where law is spoken”).

Meronyms: Blesdijke, Boekelte, Boijl, De Blesse, De Hoeve, Gracht, Langelille, Munnekeburen, Munnekezeel, Nijeholtpade, Nijeholtwolde, Nijelamer, Nijetrijne, Noordwolde, Noordwolde-Zuid, Oldeholtpade, Oldeholtwolde, Oldelamer, Oldetrijne, Oosterstreek, Overburen, Peperga, Rijsberkampen, Rode Dorp, Scherpenzeel, Schoterzijl, Slijkenburg, Sonnega, Spanga, Steggerda, Ter Idzard, Vinkega, Wolvega, Zandhuizen

Weststellingwerf (a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Ooststellingwerf

Compound of oost (“east-, eastern”) and a compound toponym derived from Middle Dutch stelling (“administrator”) and werf (“place where law is spoken”).

Meronyms: Aekinga, Appelscha, Bekhof, Bentemaden, Boekhorst, Bovenveld, Bûterheideveld, Buttinga, Canada, Deddingabuurt, De Knolle, De Koelanden, De Riete, Donkerbroek, Drie Tolhekken, Egypte, Elleboog, Elsloo, Frankrijk, Fochteloo, Haule, Haulerwijk, Hoogeduurswoude, Janssenstichting, Jardinga, Konijnenbuurt, Klazinga, Koudenburg, Laagduurswoude, Langedijke, Makkinga, Medhuizen, Moskou, Nanninga, Nieuwe Vaart, Nijeberkoop, Oldeberkoop, Oosterwolde, Petersburg, Prandinga, Ravenswoud, Rolpaal, Schottelenburg, Schrappinga, Terwisscha, 't Hoogezand, Tronde, Twijtel, Veneburen, Venekoten, Waskemeer, Weper, Weperpolder, Willemstad, Zuidhorn

Ooststellingwerf (a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Oldebroek

First attested as palus, qui vocatur hollandensis ("the swamp that is called of Holland") in 1277. Compound of oud (“old”) and broek (“marsh, marshland”). The mention of "hollandensis" in the oldest attestation is either a reference to the swamp having been settled by colonists from Holland or to the conversion of the swampland to arable land in the Hollandic fashion. The element oud was added later in order to distinguish the village from other places bearing similar names.

Meronyms: Bovenveen, Duinkerken, Eekt, Hattemerbroek, Kerkdorp, Mullegen, Noordeinde, Oosterwolde, Posthoorn, 't Loo, Trutjeshoek, Voskuil, Wezep, Zuideinde

Oldebroek (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Wageningen

/ˈʋaː.ɣəˌnɪ.ŋə(n)/

First attested as wagenunge in the 12th century. Derived from Old Dutch Wagano (a personal name) suffixed with the rare collective suffix -ung-.

Meronyms: Nude, Wageningen-Hoog

Wageningen (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Elburg

First attested as elburg in 1225. Etymology uncertain. Several interprations of El- have been proposed, ranging from a personal name to a reference to the city being located on an elevated section of land to a derivation from a term related to elleboog (“elbow”) (impossible because of the presence of -n- in older forms of the word, see Middle Dutch elne (“elbow”)). A derivation from Middle Dutch *helberg (“hill among low-lying terrain”) is also unlikely. The use of ter elborch implies that the second element is Middle Dutch borch (“castle, fortified settlement”). See also Elspeet.

inh

Meronyms: Aperloo, Doornspijk, Hoge Enk, Lage Bijssel, Nieuwstad, Oostendorp, 't Harde, Wessinge

Elburg (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Ermelo

First attested as irminlo in 855. Composite name derived from Proto-Germanic *irmina- (“divine, exalted, great”) and lo (“light forest”).

Meronyms: De Beek, Drie, Horst, Houtdorp, Leuvenum, Speuld, Staverden, Telgt, Tonsel

Ermelo (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Lingewaard

/ˈlɪ.ŋəˌʋaːrt/

Compound of the hydronym Linge and waard (“riverine island, land next to water”).

Meronyms: Angeren, Baal, Bemmel, Bergerden, Boerenhoek, De Pas, Doornenburg, Doornik, Flieren, Gendt, Haalderen, Hoeve, Honderdmorgen, Huissen, Hulhuizen, Kapel, Klein Baal, Kommerdijk, Looveer, Ressen, Sterreschans, Vossenpels, Zandheuvel, Zandvoort

Lingewaard (a municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)