Mexico

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Japan

> Afrikaans: Japan (inherited)

→ Arabic: اليابان (al-yābān)

desctree

→ Danish: Japan
→ Faroese: Japan
→ Icelandic: Japan

⇒ English: Japan, Giapan (obsolete), Japonia (obsolete), Japon (obsolete)
> Tok Pisin: Siapan (inherited)
→ Bengali: জাপান (japan)
→ Burmese: ဂျပန် (gya.pan)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जापान (jāpān)
→ Dhivehi: ޖާފާނު (jāfānu)
Urdu: جاپان (jāpān)
→ Irish: Seapáin
→ Marathi: जपान (japān)
→ Marshallese: Jepaan
→ Persian:
Dari: جَاپَان (jāpān)
⇒ Samoan: Iapani
→ Tamil: ஜப்பான் (jappāṉ)
→ Telugu: జపాను (japānu)
→ Welsh: Japan
→ Welsh: Siapan
→ Yoruba: Jèpáànì

→ German: Japan
→ Ladin: Iapan
→ Estonian: Jaapan
→ Finnish: Japani
→ Hungarian: Japán
→ Latvian: Japāna
→ Norwegian: Japan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: Јапан
Latin script: Japan
→ Yiddish: יאַפּאַן (yapan)
→ Hebrew: יפן (yapan)

→ Swedish: Japan

→ West Frisian: Japan

From Malay Jepang / Jepun, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, literally “sun origin”).


Finland

nl-proper noun

Finland n (adjective Fins or Finlands, demonym Fin m or Finlander m or Finse f or Finlandse f)

Fins (adjective)
Finlands (adjective)
Fin (demonym masculine)
Finlander (demonym masculine)
Finse (demonym feminine)
Finlandse (demonym feminine)

Borrowed and first attested in the 16th century Dutch translation of Olaus Magnus Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus by Cornelius Grapheus, but whether it was borrowed from Latin or a Germanic translation, e.g. Swedish, Low German or High German, is uncertain.

Finland (A Nordic country having borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia in Europe)


Andorra

Andorra n (adjective Andorrees, demonym Andorrees m or Andorrese f)

Andorrees (adjective)
Andorrees (demonym masculine)
Andorrese (demonym feminine)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Afghanistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Angola

/ˌɑŋˈɣoː.laː/


Bhutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Canada

Probably borrowed from French Canada.
The hamlet is attested as Canada in 1954. It was named after the country. Originally the name of a farmhouse.

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Colombia

Borrowed from Spanish Colombia. Named after Christopher Columbus.


Cuba

Afrikaans: Kuba

Borrowed from Spanish Cuba, of disputed origin.

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Cyprus

Cyprus n (adjective Cypriotisch, demonym Cyprioot m or Cypriotische f)

Cypriotisch (adjective)
Cyprioot (demonym masculine)
Cypriotische (demonym feminine)

→ Indonesian: Siprus

Ultimately from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Iran

Ultimately from Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyʿʾn).

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Jamaica

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Kiribati

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein n (adjective Liechtensteins, demonym Liechtensteiner m or Liechtensteinse f)

Liechtensteins (adjective)
Liechtensteiner (demonym masculine)
Liechtensteinse (demonym feminine)

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Monaco

Monaco n (adjective Monegaskisch, demonym Monegask m or Monegaskische f)

Monegaskisch (adjective)
Monegask (demonym masculine)
Monegaskische (demonym feminine)


Malta

Malta n (adjective Maltees, demonym Maltees m or Maltezer m or Maltese f)

Maltees (adjective)
Maltees (demonym masculine)
Maltezer (demonym masculine)
Maltese (demonym feminine)

From Italian and Maltese Malta, from Arabic, from Latin Melita, from Ancient Greek Μελίτη (Melítē), possibly from Phoenician 𐤌𐤋𐤈 (mlṭ), q.v. The neighbourhood was named after the 1565 Great Siege of Malta, first attested in the form Maltha in 1641.

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)

A neighbourhood of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Mauritius

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Mozambique

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Niger

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)


Nigeria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Brasil

Borrowed from Papiamentu Brasil, likely derived from brasil (“brazilwood, Haematoxylum brasiletto”).


Oman

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Portugal

Portugal n (adjective Portugees, demonym Portugees m or Portugese f)

Portugees (adjective)
Portugees (demonym masculine)
Portugese (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Qatar

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


San Marino

San Marino n (adjective San Marinees, demonym San Marinees m or San Marinese f)

San Marinees (adjective)
San Marinees (demonym masculine)
San Marinese (demonym feminine)

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


El Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Tonga

Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Venezuela

Borrowed from Spanish Venezuela, from Italian Veneziola.


Zimbabwe

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


Aruba

Uncertain. Proposed etymologies include a derivation from Spanish oro (“gold”) and the third-person singular preterite form of haber (“to have”) ("there was gold"), a derivation from Kalinago oruba (“well-placed”) or a compound of two Kalinago words, ora (“shell”) and oubao (“island”).

Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


Barbados

Borrowed from English Barbados, from Portuguese barbados (“bearded ones”).

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Benin

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Belarus

nl-proper noun

Belarus n (adjective Belarussisch, demonym Belarus m or Belarussische f)

Belarussisch (adjective)
Belarus (demonym masculine)
Belarussische (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ).


Vanuatu

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Tuvalu

Tuvalu (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Suriname

→ Caribbean Javanese: Srinama, Srinamah

→ English: Suriname

(historical) Dutch Guiana (a former Dutch colony and former overseas territory equivalent to modern-day Suriname)

(historical) a former district within Suriname


Sierra Leone

Borrowed from Spanish Sierra Leona, from Portuguese Serra Leoa.

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Zaïre

Borrowed from French Zaïre; ultimately from Kongo nzere, a truncation of nzadi o nzere (“river swallowing rivers”).

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

(historical) Zaire (A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Eritrea

Borrowed from Italian (l')Eritrea, first used in Italian as an ellipsis of la Colonia eritrea (“Italian Eritrea”, literally “the Erythraean colony”), from eritrea, feminine of eritreo (“Erythraean (of or relating to the Erythraean Sea)”), from Latin erythraeus (“reddish”), from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”).

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Fiji

Borrowed from Fijian Viti, from Proto-Central Pacific *viti "east, sunrise".

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Georgia

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Samoa

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


VTB-VAB

Initialism of Vlaamse Toeristenbond - Vlaamse Automobilistenbond. (Belgian Tourist and Automobile Association)


Taiwan

The modern form "Taiwan" may possibly be from English Taiwan, or way older reminiscent of older forms like Tayouan, from possibly Siraya.


Chinese

nl-noun

Chinese f (plural Chinesen, masculine Chinees)


Welsh

Want vlak voor het verstrijken van de reguliere speeltijd roken de Welsh, toen Oranje met de gedachten al in de kleedkamer zat, dat er nog wel een gelijkspel in zat.

2022, NOS, Oranje verslaat Wales in extra tijd, met nieuw basiselftal en twee debutanten:

Because just before the end of regular playing time, the Welsh smelled, when Orange was already in the locker room with their thoughts, that a draw was still possible.


Welsh

nl-adj

Welsh (comparative Welsher, superlative Welsht)

Welsher (comparative)
Welsht (superlative)
Welsh (adverbial positive predicative)
Welsher (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Welsht (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Welshte (adverbial predicative superlative)
Welshe (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Welshere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Welshte (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Welsh (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Welsher (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Welshte (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Welshe (indefinite plural positive)
Welshere (comparative indefinite plural)
Welshte (indefinite plural superlative)
Welshe (definite positive)
Welshere (comparative definite)
Welshte (definite superlative)
Welsh (partitive positive)
Welshers (comparative partitive)


Roemenië

nl-proper noun

Roemenië n (adjective Roemeens, demonym Roemeen m or Roemeense f)

Roemeens (adjective)
Roemeen (demonym masculine)
Roemeense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Roemenië


mikado

nl-noun

mikado m (plural mikado's, diminutive mikadootje n)

mikado's (plural)
mikadootje (diminutive neuter)


Ottawa

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


Brasilia

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Turk

Turk m (plural Turken, diminutive Turkje n, feminine Turkse)

Turken (plural)
Turkje (diminutive neuter)
Turkse (feminine)


continent

→ Indonesian: kontinen

Borrowed from French continent, from Latin continēns.


meer

meer n (plural meren, diminutive meertje n)

meren (plural)
meertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meer

From Middle Dutch mēre, from Old Dutch meri, from Proto-West Germanic *mari, from Proto-Germanic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

We gingen zwemmen in het meer.

Het meer was kalm en helder.

Er zijn veel vissen in dat meer.


Amsterdam

First attested as amestelledamme in 1275. From Middle Dutch Aemstelredam, from the river Amstel + dam.

Meronyms: Driemond, Durgerdam, Holysloot, Nieuwendam, Ransdorp, Schellingwoude, 't Nopeind, Weesp, Zunderdorp

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)

Amsterdam Island, an island and overseas territory of France located in the southern Indian Ocean


Leuven

* (Flemish Brabant) From Middle Dutch Loven (Latinised: Lovanium).
* (West Betuwe) First attested as loffna in 788-789. Etymology unknown. Compare Loven.

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Heverlee, Kessel-Lo, Wilsele, Wijgmaal

Louvain (the capital city of Flemish Brabant, Belgium)

A hamlet in West Betuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Vietnamese

nl-noun

Vietnamese f (plural Vietnamesen, masculine Vietnamees)

Vietnamesen (plural)
Vietnamees (masculine)


delta

delta f (plural delta's, diminutive deltaatje n)

delta's (plural)
deltaatje (diminutive neuter)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta). Doublet of dalet.

a river delta, a network of one or more rivers and tributaries pouring out into a larger body of water


London

London (a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada)


dal

dal n (plural dalen, diminutive dalletje n)

dalen (plural)
dalletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dal

From Middle Dutch dal, from Old Dutch dal, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.


Schelde

The river Scheldt (a river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands)


Toscane

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Daniel

The village is named after a former plantation house.


Algiers

Ultimately from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).

der

اَلْجَزَائِر

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


Barcelona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Edinburgh

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)

Edinburgh, Edinburgh (a council area of Scotland)


Florida

At least since the 16th century; probably from Spanish


Java

The neighbourhood is named after the Indonesian island.

A neighbourhood of Almelo, Overijssel, Netherlands


Kiev

From Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev). The form Kyiv, from Ukrainian Київ (Kyjiv), has been gaining currency, particularly since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and regional administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


New York

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Palermo

Palermo (a city and province of Sicily, Italy)


Rome

Afrikaans: Rome

* (capital of Italy) From Middle Dutch rome.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Rome in 1830-1855. Named after the Italian city, allegedly because many Roman artefacts were found there.

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)

A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Tarragona

Tarragona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)

Tarragona (a city in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Zurich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Zurich

First attested as zuderinghe in 1352. Potentially derived from Old Frisian suder (“southern”) and igge (“corner”) or from suder suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.

A village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Bask

nl-noun

Bask m (plural Basken, feminine Baskische)


Brabant

From Middle Dutch brabant, from Old Dutch *brācbant (attested in Latin as pāgus brācbatensis), from Frankish, a compound of Proto-Germanic *brēk-, *brekaną (“fallow, originally 'to break'”) + *bant-, *bantō, *banti (“district, region”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰonHdéh₂ (“beneficial, good”), from *bʰHdús.
The latter element is also found in other toponyms such as Oosterbant, Swifterbant and Teisterbant.

der

(Belgium) Brabant (a former province of Belgium)

Zuid-Brabant (1815-1830, also in the Netherlands to contrast with Noord-Brabant)


Limburg

From Middle Dutch limborch, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *lindō (“linden (tree)”) and *burg/*burgz (“fortification, stronghold”).

Meronyms: Alken, As, Beringen, Bilzen, Bocholt, Borgloon, Bree, Diepenbeek, Dilsen-Stokkem, Genk, Gingelom, Halen, Ham, Hamont-Achel, Hasselt, Hechtel-Eksel, Heers, Herk-de-Stad, Herstappe, Heusden-Zolder, Hoeselt, Houthalen-Helchteren, Kinrooi, Kortessem, Lanaken, Leopoldsburg, Lommel, Lummen, Maaseik, Maasmechelen, Nieuwerkerken, Oudsbergen, Peer, Pelt, Riemst, Sint-Truiden, Tessenderlo, Tongeren, Voeren, Wellen, Zonhoven, Zutendaal

Meronyms: Beek, Beekdaelen, Beesel, Bergen, Brunssum, Echt-Susteren, Eijsden-Margraten, Gennep, Gulpen-Wittem, Heerlen, Horst aan de Maas, Kerkrade, Landgraaf, Leudal, Maasgouw, Maastricht, Meerssen, Mook en Middelaar, Nederweert, Peel en Maas, Roerdalen, Roermond, Simpelveld, Sittard-Geleen, Stein, Vaals, Valkenburg aan de Geul, Venlo, Venray, Voerendaal, Weert


Mechelen

* (Belgium) From earlier Mechgelme, Machele, from Medieval Latin Maclines, from Maslines, from Frankish *Maalinas, ultimately from Old Saxon mahal (“meeting room”), from Proto-West Germanic *maþl (“gathering, speech”). See also Limburgish Mechele.
* (Limburg) First attested as mechluns in 1133. Derived from Proto-Germanic *magal (“great, powerful”), related to *mikilaz. Compare Megchelen.

inh

Meronyms: Heffen, Hombeek, Leest, Muizen, Walem

A village in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


land

nl-noun

land n (plural landen, diminutive landje n)

landen (plural)
landje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: land

Berbice Creole Dutch: alanda, landi

Negerhollands: land, lant, lan

Skepi Creole Dutch: land, lantta

→ Sranan Tongo: lanti (see there for further descendants)

>? Javanese: ꦭꦤ꧀ (lan)

From Middle Dutch lant, from Old Dutch lant, from Proto-West Germanic *land, from Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).

der

land (part of Earth not covered by water)


Holland

nl-proper noun

Holland n (adjective Hollands, demonym Hollander m or Hollandse f)

Hollands (adjective)
Hollander (demonym masculine)
Hollandse (demonym feminine)

Javindo: Hollaan

Jersey Dutch: Hôl-läänt

→ Caribbean Javanese: Holan

→ Kwinti: hollan

→ Portuguese: holanda, Holanda

→ Petjo: blandeu, blandees

From Old Dutch holt lant (“wood land”). A popular but false etymology holds that it is derived from hol land (“hollow land”), inspired by the low-lying geography of the Dutch region.

Holland is sterk verstedelijkt.

In de Republiek was Holland het dominante gewest.

Holland was the dominant province in the Dutch Republic.

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Ik hou van Holland.

When cheering for a sports team:
Hup Holland hup!
Go Netherlands go!

Ik hou van Holland, landje aan de Zuiderzee / Een stukje Holland draag ik in m'n hart steeds mee / Daar waar die molens draaien in hun forse kracht / En waar de bollen bloeien in hun schoonste pracht

1937, Willy Schootemeijer (lyrics and music), “Ik hou van Holland”, performed by Joseph Schmidt:

I love the Netherlands, little country by the Zuiderzee / A little piece of the Netherlands I always carry in my heart / There where those windmills turn in their mighty power / And where the bulbs bloom in their most beautiful splendour

Hier in Holland sterft de laatste vlinder / op de allerlaatste bloem / en alle muziek die overblijft / is de supersonische boem

1972, “Vluchten kan niet meer”, Annie M.G. Schmidt (lyrics), Harry Bannink (music), performed by Jenny Arean and Frans Halsema:

Here in the Netherlands, the last butterfly / dies on the very last flower / and all music that remains / is the supersonic boom

(in patriotic contexts) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Bretagne

From Middle Dutch [Term?], from Middle French [Term?] or Old French [Term?].

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Spitsbergen

Afrikaans: Spitsbergen

→ Danish: Spidsbergen

→ English: Spitsbergen

→ German: Spitzbergen

→ Russian: Шпицбе́рген (Špicbérgen)

Compound of spits + bergen, referring to the “pointed mountains” Dutch navigator and explorer Willem Barentsz sighted on the west coast of the main island. Because Barentsz was unaware of having discovered an archipelago, the name was long used to refer both to the main island and the whole archipelago.
The hamlet is attested as Spitsbergen in 1851–1855 and is named after the archipelago.
The neighbourhood is name after a piece of land named in turn after the archipelago.

A hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Veenendaal, Utrecht, Netherlands


Drenthe

From Middle Dutch [Term?], from late Old Dutch Drente, from earlier Old Dutch Thrente, from Old Dutch Thriente, from Old Dutch Thrianta (also Old Dutch Threant), from *thrie (“three”) + *hant-. Beware that these attestations come to us via copies of Latin texts, and may therefore be affected by transcription errors and phonological adaptation. De Vries thought *hant- means community or part of the area where a people live; if so that would mean that Drenthe originally consisted of just three dingspelen (“judicial areas”) rather than the six it has had since our earliest records. Compare Twente. Attested both with and without h from early Modern Dutch; the form with h is now standard, although this doesn't affect the pronunciation.

Meronyms: Aa en Hunze, Assen, Borger-Odoorn, Coevorden, De Wolden, Emmen, Hoogeveen, Meppel, Midden-Drenthe, Noordenveld, Tynaarlo, Westerveld


Flevoland

Borrowed from Latin Flevo, a lake or inland sea near or identical to the Zuiderzee, mentioned by Pomponius Mela in De chorographia. The element Vlie, as in Vlieland, is thought to be cognate, with both names being derived from the same root as the verb vloeien (“to flow”).

Meronyms: Almere, Dronten, Lelystad, Noordoostpolder, Urk, Zeewolde

Het spijt mij dat ik nog altijd moet spreken van de Zuiderzee en dat het der vorige Regering niet gegeven is om die in eene provincie Flevoland te herscheppen. Ik hoop dat deze Regering krachtig het verdienstelijke werk van hare voorgangster zal voortzetten en wij ons binnen kort over de aanwinst van eene nieuwe provincie zullen verheugen.

1877 December 6, Daniël van Eck, quotee, Handelingen Tweede Kamer 1877-1878, Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, page 192:

I regret that I still have to speak of the Zuiderzee and that it was not possible for the previous Government to transform it into a province of Flevoland. I hope that this Government will vigorously continue the meritorious work of its predecessor and that we will soon rejoice in the acquisition of a new province.

Flevoland, a province of the Netherlands


Friesland

From Fries (“Frisian, pertaining to Frisia”) and land (“land, country”).

Meronyms: Achtkarspelen, Ameland, Dantumadiel, De Fryske Marren, Harlingen, Heerenveen, Leeuwarden, Noardeast-Fryslân, Ooststellingwerf, Opsterland, Schiermonnikoog, Smallingerland, Súdwest-Fryslân, Terschelling, Tytsjerksteradiel, Vlieland, Waadhoeke, Weststellingwerf

Friesland, a province of the Netherlands


Friesland

First attested as Oost-Vriesland in the 18th century. Named after a farmhouse, which in turn is named after duchess Maria Leopoldina of Oost-Friesland-Rietberg.

A hamlet in Montferland, Gelderland, Netherlands


Gelderland

Meronyms: Aalten, Apeldoorn, Arnhem, Barneveld, Berg en Dal, Berkelland, Beuningen, Bronckhorst, Brummen, Buren, Culemborg, Doesburg, Doetinchem, Druten, Duiven, Ede, Elburg, Epe, Ermelo, Harderwijk, Hattem, Heerde, Heumen, Lingewaard, Lochem, Maasdriel, Montferland, Neder-Betuwe, Nijkerk, Nijmegen, Nunspeet, Oldebroek, Oost Gelre, Oude IJsselstreek, Overbetuwe, Putten, Renkum, Rheden, Rozendaal, Scherpenzeel, Tiel, Voorst, Wageningen, West Betuwe, West Maas en Waal, Westervoort, Wijchen, Winterswijk, Zaltbommel, Zevenaar, Zutphen

Gelderland (a province of the Netherlands)


Groningen

First attested as groningi in the 10th or 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from Old Dutch Grôn (a personal name) or Groni (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing-. A derivation from a hydronym *Gron suffixed with -ing- is less likely. Compare Groeningen.
The province was named after the city.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Grunnen.

Meronyms: Achter-Thesinge, Boltklap, Bouwerschap, Bovenrijge, Dilgt, Dorkwerd, Emmerwolde, Engelbert, Essen, Euvelgunne, Felland, Garmerwolde, Glimmen, Haren, Harenermolen, Hemert, Hemmen, Hoogkerk, Hoornsedijk, Klein Harkstede, Kröddeburen, Lageweg, Leegkerk, Lellens, Lutjewolde, Middelbert, Noorddijk, Noorderhoogebrug, Noordlaren, Onnen, Oosterdijkshorn, Oosterhoogebrug, Oude Roodehaan, Roodehaan, Ruischerbrug, Sint Annen, Slaperstil, Steerwolde, Ten Boer, Ten Post, Thesinge, Vierverlaten, Winneweer, Wittewierum, Woltersum, Zevenhuisjes

Groningen (a city, municipality, and capital of Groningen, Netherlands)

Meronyms: Eemsdelta, Groningen, Het Hogeland, Midden-Groningen, Oldambt, Pekela, Stadskanaal, Veendam, Westerkwartier, Westerwolde

Groningen (a province of the Netherlands)


Overijssel

[ˌoːvəˈrɛi̯səɫ]

From Middle Dutch ōverīsel, perhaps from Middle Low German overisel. Equivalent to a univerbation of over + IJssel.

Meronyms: Almelo, Borne, Dalfsen, Deventer, Dinkelland, Enschede, Haaksbergen, Hardenberg, Hellendoorn, Hengelo, Hof van Twente, Kampen, Losser, Oldenzaal, Olst-Wijhe, Ommen, Raalte, Rijssen-Holten, Staphorst, Steenwijkerland, Tubbergen, Twenterand, Wierden, Zwartewaterland, Zwolle

Overijssel (a province of the Netherlands)


Utrecht

→ English: Utrecht velvet

→ French: velours d’Utrecht

→ Portuguese: Utreque

desc

→ Chinese: → 烏得勒支 /乌得勒支 (Wūdélèzhī) (transliteration)

From Middle Dutch utrecht, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Old Dutch ūt (“outside”) + Latin Traiectum, the name of the original Roman fort around which the city was built, a name meaning "crossing," from the verb traicio (“I go across, transfer”).

Meronyms: Alendorp, Blauwkapel, De Meern, Haarzuilens, Lage Haar, Nedereindseweg, Ockhuizen, Oudenrijn, Rijnenburg, Stadsdam, Themaat, Veldhuizen, Vleuten

Utrecht (a city, municipality, and capital of Utrecht, Netherlands)

Meronyms: Amersfoort, Baarn, Bunnik, Bunschoten, De Bilt, De Ronde Venen, Eemnes, Houten, IJsselstein, Leusden, Lopik, Montfoort, Nieuwegein, Oudewater, Renswoude, Rhenen, Soest, Stichtse Vecht, Utrecht, Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Veenendaal, Vijfheerenlanden, Wijk bij Duurstede, Woerden, Woudenberg, Zeist


Zeeland

→ English: Zealand

From Middle Dutch sêelant. Equivalent to zee (“sea”) + land (“land”) or from zeeland (“coastal land”).

Meronyms: Borsele, Goes, Hulst, Kapelle, Middelburg, Noord-Beveland, Reimerswaal, Schouwen-Duiveland, Sluis, Terneuzen, Tholen, Veere, Vlissingen


Zeeland

Both toponyms are potentially related to Old High German selilant (“free patrimony”), itself derived from Latin terra salica (“free patrimony, possession subject to Salic law”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as zeelant in 1376.
* (Gelderland) First attested as t guet geheiten zelandt in 1406.

cog

A village and former municipality of Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Berg en Dal, Gelderland, Netherlands


berg

nl-noun

berg m (plural bergen, diminutive bergje n)

bergen (plural)
bergje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: berg
→ English: berg

Berbice Creole Dutch: berki

Jersey Dutch: bêrix

Negerhollands: berg, bergi

→ Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi

→ Aukan: beligi

→ Sranan Tongo: bergi

→ Caribbean Javanese: bérgi

From Middle Dutch berch, from Old Dutch berg, from Proto-West Germanic *berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.


oase

oase f (plural oasen or oases, diminutive oasetje n)

oasen (plural)
oases (plural)
oasetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: oase

19th century, probably from German Oase, which see. Alternatively an independent backformation from the Latin plural oases.


Polen

nl-proper noun

Polen n (adjective Pools, demonym Pool m or Poolse f)

Pools (adjective)
Pool (demonym masculine)
Poolse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Pole

From Middle Dutch Polen, related to older Polanen.
The hamlet is first attested as Polen in 1899. It is named after the country.

A hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Schelm

First attested as een beemd de Schelm genaamd in 1606. Likely cognate with dialectal scheluw (“crooked, askew”).

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


America

First attested as Amerika in 1838-1857. Derived from New Latin America. The settlement was named for its remote location.

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

A village in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Kongo

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)


Bloemfontein

Afrikaans: Bloemfontein


Duitser

nl-noun

Duitser m (plural Duitsers, diminutive Duitsertje n, feminine Duitse)

Duitsers (plural)
Duitsertje (diminutive neuter)
Duitse (feminine)

Sranan Tongo: Doisri

→ Caribbean Hindustani: Doisri

→ Caribbean Javanese: Dhoisri


Griek

Griek m (plural Grieken, diminutive Griekje n, feminine Griekse)

Grieken (plural)
Griekje (diminutive neuter)
Griekse (feminine)

→ Kari'na: Kiriki

From Middle Dutch griec, from Old Dutch *Krēka(s), from Proto-West Germanic *Krēkō (“Greeks”).


Chinees

nl-adj

Chinees (comparative Chineser, superlative meest Chinees or Chineest)

Chineser (comparative)
meest Chinees (superlative)
Chineest (superlative)
Chinees (adverbial positive predicative)
Chineser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Chineest (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Chineeste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Chinese (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Chinesere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Chineeste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Chinees (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Chineser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Chineeste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Chinese (indefinite plural positive)
Chinesere (comparative indefinite plural)
Chineeste (indefinite plural superlative)
Chinese (definite positive)
Chinesere (comparative definite)
Chineeste (definite superlative)
Chinees (partitive positive)
Chinesers (comparative partitive)


Chinees

nl-noun

Chinees m (plural Chinezen, diminutive Chineesje n, feminine Chinese)

Chinezen (plural)
Chineesje (diminutive neuter)
Chinese (feminine)

Javindo: Sinees

→ Lokono: sjinésji

→ Sranan Tongo: Sneisi

→ Kari'na: sinesi

→ Wayana: sineisi

(Netherlands, colloquial) a Chinese or Chinese-Indonesian restaurant

(Suriname, colloquial) a corner store or supermarket run by an ethnic Chinese person


Bratislava

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Bern

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton)


Bern

First attested as birni in 709. Derived from Proto-Germanic *birnu- (“muck, manure, mud that looks like manure”) with collectivising suffix *-ja-.

inh

A hamlet in Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Keulen

From Middle Dutch Cuelen, Coelen, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Latin Colōnia (literally “colony”), from Colōnia Agrippīna.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


cataract

nl-noun

cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)

cataracten (plural)
cataractje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: katarak

→ Indonesian: katarak

From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).


Purmerend

First attested as purmerende in 1342. Compound of the hydronym Purmer and Middle Dutch ende (“end”).

Meronyms: Arenberg, Halfweg, Klaterbuurt, Middenbeemster, Noordbeemster, Purmer, Purmerbuurt, Westbeemster, Zuidoostbeemster

Purmerend (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands)


zee

nl-noun

zee f (plural zeeën, diminutive zeetje n)

zeeën (plural)
zeetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: see

Berbice Creole Dutch: sei

Javindo: see

Negerhollands: see

→ Saramaccan: zé

→ Sranan Tongo: se

From Middle Dutch sêe, from Old Dutch sēo, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwi, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.

Ze zeilden over de open zee om nieuwe landen te ontdekken.

They sailed the open sea to discover new lands.

Ik wil volgend jaar naar de zee verhuizen.

Het kleine zeetje was een populaire plek voor lokale vissers.

The small sea was a popular spot for local fishermen.


Orden

First attested as horda in 1059. Derived from Old Dutch ord (“land that protrudes into water”).

inh

A neighborhood of Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands


Texas

Borrowed from English Texas or Spanish Texas.

Texas (a state of the United States; former independent republic; former province of Mexico)


Babylon

From Middle Dutch Babylone, from Latin Babylōn, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλών (Babulṓn).

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city in Mesopotamia, built on the banks of the Euphrates, which was the capital of Babylonia)


Europa

nl-proper noun

Europa n (adjective Europees, demonym Europeaan m or Europese f)

Europees (adjective)
Europeaan (demonym masculine)
Europese (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Europa

Negerhollands: Juropa

→ Malay: Eropah

Indonesian: Eropa

From Middle Dutch europa, from Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπᾱ (Eurṓpā), Doric form of Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).


kloof

nl-noun

kloof f (plural kloven, diminutive kloofje n)

kloven (plural)
kloofje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kloof

→ English: kloof

→ Papiamentu: kloof (dated)

From Middle Dutch clove, from Proto-West Germanic *klubō, from Proto-Germanic *klubô, related to *kleubaną (“to split, cleave”). Cognate with German Klobe, Kloben, Cimbrian khlóop.


Estland

nl-proper noun

Estland n (adjective Ests, demonym Est m or Estse f)

Ests (adjective)
Est (demonym masculine)
Estse (demonym feminine)


Arum

First attested as aeldrum in 1400. Borrowed from West Frisian Arum, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Alder (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).

A village and former municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


fjord

nl-noun

fjord m (plural fjorden, diminutive fjordje n)

fjorden (plural)
fjordje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.


holm

holm m (plural holmen, diminutive holmpje n)

holmen (plural)
holmpje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch holm, from Old Dutch holm, from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *holm (“island”), from Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”), from Pre-Germanic *kl̥Hmos, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“hill”).


Baal

First attested as barla around 850. Compound of bar (“barren, bare”) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Baarle-Hertog, Baarle-Nassau, Baarlo, Bahr, Barlo and Hoog-Baarlo.

A hamlet in Lingewaard, Gelderland, Netherlands


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Vessem

First attested as veseme in 1245. Etymology unknown. Not a compound derivation with heem (“home, settlement”) as a second element.

unk

unknown

A village and former municipality of Eersel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Rijnsburg

First attested as rinasburg in 918-948. Equivalent to Rijn + -s- + burg.

Rijnsburg (a village and former municipality of Katwijk, South Holland, Netherlands)


Pyongyang

From Korean 평양(平壤) (Pyeong'yang, literally “flat land”).

bor

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Irak

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kessel

Derived from Latin castellum (“fortress”) with early Germanisation (showing the effects of umlaut and with stress shifted to the first syllable). Doublet of kasteel, Castilië, chateau, castellum, telo, and ketella.
* (Limburg): Attested with certainty as cassele in 1107.
* (Noord-Brabant): Attested with certainty as casella in 997.

doublet

A town and former municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

A former village and former municipality of Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands


Massachusetts

Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


Cornwall

Cornwall (a duchy and county of England, United Kingdom)


Rijn

From Middle Dutch rijn, from Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from a Celtic language.

Wie op den Rijn per stoomboot reist, moet veel lodderige lonken kunnen afzien, […]

1874, Tony, Twee reisnovellen van den Rijn, W.C. de Graaff, 52

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The Rhine, a major European river flowing through Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, Germany and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river (including its distributaries) flows through the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Utrecht, North Holland and South Holland.


Himalaya

Himalayas (a mountain range in South Asia)


Chicago

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


Damascus

From Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.


wad

nl-noun

wad n (plural wadden, diminutive wadje n)

wadden (plural)
wadje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch wat, from Old Dutch *wada, from Frankish *wad, from earlier wada (attested as Latinised acc. sg. vadam c. 108), from Proto-Germanic *wadą.


bocht

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)

bochten (plural)
bochtje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu

→ Papiamentu: bògt

→ Sranan Tongo: boktu

→ Aukan: bokutu

→ Caribbean Javanese: boktu

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Equivalent to buigen (“to bend, bow”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

suffix

a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay


Welshman

nl-noun

Welshman m (plural Welshmen, feminine Welshe)


Istanbul

Borrowed from Turkish İstanbul, corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Afrika

nl-proper noun

Afrika n (adjective Afrikaans, demonym Afrikaan m or Afrikaanse f)

Afrikaans (adjective)
Afrikaan (demonym masculine)
Afrikaanse (demonym feminine)

→ Indonesian: Afrika

Petjo: aprik

Ultimately from Latin Āfrica, from Āfer.

Meronyms: Centraal-Afrika, Equatoriaal-Afrika, Midden-Afrika, Noord-Afrika, Oost-Afrika, West-Afrika, Zuid-Afrika, Zuidwest-Afrika


Sahara

From Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ, “desert”).
The area was named after the desert because its construction necessitated the use of a lot of sand to build up a foundation.

A neighbourhood of Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands


Brit

nl-noun

Brit m (plural Britten, diminutive Britje n)

Britten (plural)
Britje (diminutive neuter)


Champagne

Champagne (a region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est)


Engeland

→ Lokono: Engelanta

/ˈɛ.ŋəˌlɑnt/

(loosely) Great Britain or the United Kingdom


Engeland

* (Drenthe) First attested as Engellant in 1811-1813. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Engelaand.
* (Apeldoorn) First attested as englandi in 801. Compound of eng (“pasture, acreage”) and Old Dutch landi (“land”). A local toponymic legend holds that the name is derived from an ancient jury court "in the English style" that is supposed to have convened in the village. There is no historical evidence for the existence of such a court.
* (Oldebroek) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”).
* (Dalfsen) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Engelaand.
* (Hardenberg) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”).

inh

/ˈɛ.ŋəˌlɑnt/

A hamlet in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Oldebroek, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Dalfsen, Overijssel, Netherlands

A hamlet in Hardenberg, Overijssel, Netherlands


Rusland

nl-proper noun

Rusland n (adjective Russisch, demonym Rus m or Russin f or Russische f)

Russisch (adjective)
Rus (demonym masculine)
Russin (demonym feminine)
Russische (demonym feminine)

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Peking

Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), specifically the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, English Peking, French Pékin.

Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
nl:Peking


Montenegro

Montenegro n (adjective Montenegrijns, demonym Montenegrijn m or Montenegrijnse f)

Montenegrijns (adjective)
Montenegrijn (demonym masculine)
Montenegrijnse (demonym feminine)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Amerika

Afrikaans: Amerika

Negerhollands: Ameriki, Meriki

desc

→ Virgin Islands Creole: Ameriki, Meriki

From New Latin America, named after cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.
The hamlet first appears in the written record in 1909 as Nieuw Amerika. It is named after the continent.

America (the continents of North America and South America). In this sense has a plural: Amerika's

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)

A hamlet in Noordenveld, Drenthe, Netherlands


Aam

First attested as apud ambam at the end of the 11th century. Derived from an ancient hydronym derived in turn from Proto-Indo-European *amb- (“water, fog”). Compare Ameland and Amen.

inh

A hamlet in Overbetuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Acht

First attested as achte in 1307. Derived from Middle Dutch achte (“preserve, lordly possession, legal district”). Compare Achterveld, Achtmaal and Echt.

A village in Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Alma

A neighbourhood of Winterswijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Amen

First attested as van ame in 1403. Derived from a hydronym, derived in turn from Proto-Germanic *ama- (“natural watercourse”). Compare Ameland, Emmeloord, Emer and Amdorf.

der

A village in Aa en Hunze, Drenthe, Netherlands


Ane

First attested as apud anen in 1232-1233. Etymology unknown. Unlikely to be derived from Old Dutch Ano (a personal name) or from Transalpine Gaulish anam (“swamp”).

unk

unknown


Appel

First attested as appele in 1146. Etymology unknown. Usually interpreted as a compound of appel (“apple”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil, pool”). An alternative interpretation reads the first component as Old Dutch *apa (“river, current”).

unknown

A hamlet in Nijkerk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Axel

First attested as axla in 987-994. Etymology uncertain. Various compound derivations from a first element and lo (“light forest”) have been proposed, but none of these match the oldest attestations. Potentially derived from a term cognate to Old Norse öxull (“shoulder”), Old High German ahsala (“shoulder”), here referring to an elevated location.
See also Zealandic Aksel.

A city and former municipality of Terneuzen, Zeeland, Netherlands


Ballast

First attested as Ballast in 1738. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon ballast (“weeds”), here referring to a patch of overgrown land.

A hamlet in Coevorden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Bath

First attested as insula de boestenbare dicta in 1235. Derived from Middle Dutch bat (“bathwater”). Originally a hydronym.
See also Zealandic Bat.

A village and former municipality of Reimerswaal, Zeeland, Netherlands


Bent

Attested as bent in 1615. Derived from bent (“moor grass, Molinia sp.”).

Alphen aan den Rijn
Alphen aan den Rijn#English

A hamlet in Alphen aan den Rijn, South Holland, Netherlands


Berg

* (Valkenburg aan de Geul) First attested as berga in 1139. Derived from the dative singular form of berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Belgium) Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Eijsden-Margraten) Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Peel en Maas) First attested as Berg in 1936. Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Berg in 1794. Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
The surname derives from the toponym or from one of the senses of berg.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul#English

A village in Valkenburg aan de Geul, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Eijsden-Margraten, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bergen

Mons (a city, municipality, and capital of Hainaut, Belgium)


Bergen

From Norwegian Bergen, from Old Norse Bjǫrgvin (“meadow between the mountains”).


Bergen

* (Limburg) First attested as de barge in 1230. Initially derived from the dative singular form of Middle Dutch berg (“hill, elevated place”). The toponym later shifted to the dative plural form of berg and acquired the meaning settlement at/on the hill.
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as bergum in 918-948. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch berga (“hill, elevated place”), referring here to a series of dunes.

inh

Meronyms: Afferden, Aijen, Beekheuvel, Bergsche Heide, Bleijenbeek, Bosscherheide, Elsteren, Gening, Groote Horst, Hengeland, Heukelom, Kamp, Kleine Horst, Knikkerdorp, Koekoek, Lakei, Op de Belt, Rimpelt, Siebengewald, Smal, 't Leuken, Tuindorp, Vrij, Well, Wellerlooi, Zeelberg

A village and municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

Meronyms: Aagtdorp, Bergen aan Zee, Bregtdorp, Catrijp, Camperduin, Egmond aan den Hoef, Egmond aan Zee, Egmond-Binnen, Egmondermeer, Groet, Hargen, Het Woud, Rinnegom, Schoorl, Westdorp, Wimmenum, Zanegeest

A village and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands


Born

First attested as burne in 1125. Derived from Old Dutch borne (“spring, source”).
See also Limburgish Bor.

A village and former municipality of Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


Borne

* (Overijssel) First attested as burgunde in 1206. Derived from Proto-Germanic *burgundjô- (“elevated place, highland”). Compare Bergentheim, Warmond, Werkhoven and Bornholm.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as borne in 1301. Derived from Old Dutch borne (“source, spring”).

Meronyms: Hertme, Zenderen

A village and municipality of Overijssel, Netherlands

A hamlet in Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Brand

* (Limburg) First attested as Op genne Brant in the 18th century. Derived from brand (“site of a fire, location where something has been burned”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as den Brandt in 1750. Derived from brand (“fuel, turf”).

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands


Dale

First attested as dale in 1386. Dative plural of dal (“dale, valley”).

A hamlet in Aalten, Gelderland, Netherlands


Delft

First attested as delf in 1130-1157. From Middle Dutch delft, from earlier delf, derived from a hydronym derived from Middle Dutch delven (“dig, excavate”).

Meronyms: Abtswoude, Klein-Delfgauw

Delft (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Dem

First attested as Dem in 1936. Derived from Limburgish dem (“dam”). Named after a complex of workers' barracks.

A neighbourhood of Heerlen, Limburg, Netherlands


Don

Don (a river, the fifth-longest in Europe, in Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and Rostov Oblasts, Russia)


Eng

First attested as enghe around 1320. Derived from eng (“farmland located next to a village”).

A hamlet in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands


Enter

First attested with certainty as entheren in 1188. Potentially a compound of Old Dutch ened (“duck”) and *heri (“sandy ridge”). A derivation from Middle Dutch *enet (“lonely place, hermitage”) is also possible. Compare Eynatten.

cog

A village in Wierden, Overijssel, Netherlands


Esse

A neighbourhood of Zuidplas, South Holland, Netherlands


Essen

* (Gelderland) First attested as essen in 1379-1380. Derived from the plural form of es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”).
* (Groningen) First attested as jesse in 1245. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may have been reinterpreted as the plural form of es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”). Alternative hypotheses include a derivation from the Biblical name Jesse or a derivation from an unknown prehistoric source.

A hamlet in Barneveld, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Est

First attested as est in 1316. Perhaps derived from es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”) with collectivising -t- suffix or from Middle Dutch est (“branch, brush, maple, Acer”).

inh

A village in West Betuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Fin

nl-noun

Fin m (plural Finnen, diminutive Finnetje n, feminine Finse)

Finnen (plural)
Finnetje (diminutive neuter)
Finse (feminine)

Borrowed and first attested in the 16th century Dutch translation of Olaus Magnus Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus by Cornelius Grapheus, but whether it was borrowed from Latin or a Germanic translation is uncertain.


Fort

First attested as Het Fort in 1851-1855. Derived from fort (“fortress”). Originally the name of a farm.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Fört.

A village in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Gent

Meronyms: Afsnee, Desteldonk, Drongen, Gentbrugge, Ledeberg, Mariakerke, Mendonk, Oostakker, Sint-Amandsberg, Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Sint-Kruis-Winkel, Wondelgem, Zwijnaarde

Ghent (the capital of East Flanders, Belgium)


Gun

Dutch pronunciation

First attested as ther gonne in 1321. Etymology uncertain. The toponym is potentially derived from an ancient hydronym or from the name of a type of land grant. Alternatively, it may refer to the poor quality of the soil around the settlement. Compare Euvelgunne.

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Hal

First attested as halle in 1230-1231. Derived from Middle Dutch halle (“covered area, hall”) or Proto-Germanic *halha (“spur of a highland”).

inh

A hamlet in Boxtel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Hall

First attested as hallo in the 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps a compound of Proto-Germanic *halha- (“bend, highland spur”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil”). An alternative etymology interprets the name as a compound of Old Dutch hal (“large, spacious home”) and lo. Compare Hallum and Hellum.

cog

A village in Brummen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Ham

* (Limburg) First attested as Ham around 1776. Derived from ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).
* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as Ham in 1803-1820. Derived from ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).
* (Meierijstad) First attested as hamme in 1368. Derived from ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).

A hamlet in Kerkrade, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heel

First attested as Latin Pagus Catvual between the 1st and 4th century. Compound derived from Proto-Germanic *haþu- (“battle”) and *walla (“wall”), either as a calque from Celtic term or as an originally Germanic term that was calqued into Celtic.
Alternative hypotheses propose a Latin origin of the toponym or a derivation from the demonym of an otherwise unknown tribe. Compare Heerle and Heerlen.
See also Limburgish Hael.

A village and former municipality of Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Hill

First attested as de Hil in 1545. Derived from dialectal hil (“hill, elevated place”).


Horn

First attested as hurne in 1102. Derived from the dative singular form of Old Dutch horn (“protruding bend, corner”).
See also Limburgish Häör.

inh

A village and former municipality of Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Hub

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Komen

From Gallo-Roman Latin Comius + -inas, of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *cumma, variant of *cumba, from Proto-Celtic *kumbā (“valley”).


Landen

Meronyms: Attenhoven, Eliksem, Ezemaal, Laar, Neerlanden, Neerwinden, Overwinden, Rumsdorp, Waasmont, Walsbets, Walshoutem, Wange, Wezeren

Landen (a city and municipality of the province of Flemish Brabant, Flanders, Belgium)


Lek

From Middle Dutch lecke. Related to laak.

A river, the northern arm of the River Rhine, in the provinces of Utrecht, South Holland and Gelderland, Netherlands, running from the Nederrijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to the Noord at Kinderdijk.


Lent

First attested as in lente in 1196. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *linditja- (“linden grove”), from *lindu, or dialectal lent (“quay where peat is stacked for transport”). Compare Lenthe and Linde.

cog

A village and former municipality of Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Let

nl-noun

Let m (plural Letten, diminutive Letje n, feminine Letse or Letlandse)

Letten (plural)
Letje (diminutive neuter)
Letse (feminine)
Letlandse (feminine)


Lier

Meronym: Koningshooikt

Lier (a city in Antwerp province, Belgium)


Lier

Lier (a municipality of Buskerud county, Norway)


Lies

* (Friesland) First attested as Lies in 1567. Etymology uncertain. Unlikely to be derived from lies (“great manna grass, Glyceria maxima”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as bossce van lies in 1267. Derived from Middle Dutch liesch (“great manna grass, Glyceria maxima”).

inh

A village in Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Breda, North Brabant, Netherlands


Lok

A neighbourhood of Tiel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Luik

From Middle Dutch Lûdeke. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“people”).


Made

First attested as die made in 1321. Derived from Middle Dutch made (“pasture, hayfield”).

A village in Drimmelen, North Brabant, Netherlands


Maire

Named after the former village of Maire, which was lost to flooding in 1530.

A former municipality of Zeeland, Netherlands


Maltese

nl-noun

Maltese f (plural Maltesen, diminutive Malteesje n, masculine Maltees)

Maltesen (plural)
Malteesje (diminutive neuter)
Maltees (masculine)


Man

Man, Isle of Man (an island and Crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea)


Manhattan

Borrowed from English Manhattan, it in turn deriving, via Dutch, from the Unami language.

Manhattan (a borough and island in New York City, New York, United States)


Mark

(given name): From Latin Marcus.
(hamlet): First attested as ab aqueductu marken nuncupato in 1316. Derived from Middle Dutch marke (“border, borderland, march”), from Old Dutch *marka, from Proto-West Germanic *marku.

inh

A hamlet in West Betuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Mars

First attested as mersche in 1307. Derived from meers (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”).

m-lite

A neighborhood of Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands.


Mill

Potentially attested as millen in 1166, attested with certainty as mille in 1228. Etymology unknown. Compare Millen.

unk

unknown

A village in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Monster

First attested as masemunster in 1013. Derived from Old Dutch monstre (“large central parish church”).

inh

A village and former municipality of Westland, South Holland, Netherlands


Most

Derived from dialectal mos (“pool, swamp”) with collectivising suffix -t.

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Namen

Namur, a former countship in present Belgium, named after its above capital city

Namur, a province of Belgium, named after its above capital city


Namen

Named after count John I of Namur (Dutch Namen, see Etymology 1), whose name was given to the polder in which this village was situated and after which it was named, as the construction of the Polder van Namen was done under the auspices of count John.

Holonym: Saeftinghe

(historical) a former village in the flooded lands of Saeftinghe, Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, The Netherlands


Nutter

First attested as nuthere in 1297. Potentially a compound of nut (“use, benefit”) or noot (“nut”) and Old Dutch heri (“sandy ridge”). Compare Notter.

A hamlet in Dinkelland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Oda

A neighbourhood of Weert, Limburg, Netherlands


Park

First attested as de Parck in 1713. Derived from perk (“enclosed area”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Pers

nl-noun

Pers m (plural Perzen, diminutive Persje n)

Perzen (plural)
Persje (diminutive neuter)


Pol

First attested as polle in 1396. Derived from pol (“overgrown sandy hill, elevated place”).

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Pool

Pool m (plural Polen, diminutive Pooltje n, feminine Poolse)

Polen (plural)
Pooltje (diminutive neuter)
Poolse (feminine)


Ren

First attested as Ren in the 16th century. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch renne (“coop”).

A hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Ruth

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


Son

First attested sunna in 1107. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from an old term cognate to zwin (“creek”). Compare Sommelsdijk and Zonnemaire and the hydronyms Zenne and Zeun.

A village in Son en Breugel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Spa

A town and municipality in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium, famous for its springs


Stein

* (Limburg) First attested as steyne in 1263. Derived from Middle Dutch stein (“stone building, castle”).
* (Zuid-Holland) First attested as steene in 1317. Named after Stein in Limburg.

inh

Meronyms: Catsop, Berg aan de Maas, Elsloo, Kerensheide, Kleine Meers, Maasband, Meers, Nattenhoven, Nieuwdorp, Terhagen, Urmond, Veldschuur

A village and municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet and former municipality of Krimpenerwaard, South Holland, Netherlands


Strand

First attested as Strand (Het) in 1913. Calque of West Frisian It Strân, derived from strân (“beach”).

A hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Thorn

First attested as tornensi monasterio in 1007. Etymology uncertain. Potentially linked to Old Dutch turn (“high building, tower”) (derived in turn from Latin turris (“tower”)). The toponym has also been linked to Doornik/Tournai in Belgium. Not related to the English toponym Thorne.
See also Limburgish Toear.

A city and former municipality of Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Union

A neighbourhood of Sint Eustatius, Netherlands


Val

Attested as De Val in 1838-1857. Derived from val (“depressed area of a riverbank or levee”).

A hamlet in Terneuzen, Zeeland, Netherlands


Winkel

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as winckele in 1298. Derived from Middle Dutch winkel (“corner, enclosed piece of land”).
* (Noord-Brabant) Derived from winkel (“enclosed piece of land, corner”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of winkel or from one of several toponyms.

A village and former municipality of Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Zoom

* (Gelderland) First attested as De Zoom in 1868. Derived from zoom (“edge, seam”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Zeum.
* (Flevoland) Derived from zoom (“edge, seam”).

A hamlet in Nunspeet, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Fatima

* (Limburg) Derived from Portuguese Fátima. Named after the Portuguese city where an apparition of the Virgin Mary is purported to have appeared.
* (Noord-Brabant) Derived from Portuguese Fátima. Named after the Portuguese city where an apparition of the Virgin Mary is purported to have appeared.

A neighbourhood of Weert, Limburg, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Roosendaal, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bahr

baar

First attested as de bare in 1270. Perhaps derived from bar (“barren”). Compare Baal, Barlo, Baarle-Hertog, Baarle-Nassau, Baarlo and Hoog-Baarlo.

A hamlet in Zevenaar, Gelderland, Netherlands


Aalst

* (Zaltbommel) First attested as in uilla halosta around 850. Etymology uncertain. A proposed derivation from els (“alder, Alnus”) with collectivising suffix -t does not match well with old attestations of the toponym. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *alhust (“dwelling place, shrine”). Compare Elst, Maasniel, Nieuwaal, Niel, Niel-bij-As, Nivele and Waldniel.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as alst in 1281. Etymology uncertain. The formerly widespread hypothesis of a derivation from els (“alder, Alnus”) with collectivising suffix -t is no longer considered plausible. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *alhust (“dwelling place, shrine”). Compare Elst, Maasniel, Nieuwaal, Niel, Niel-bij-As, Nivele and Waldniel.
* (Buren) First attested as aelst around 1400. Etymology uncertain. A proposed derivation from els (“alder, Alnus”) with collectivising suffix -t does not match well with old attestations of the toponym. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *alhust (“dwelling place, shrine”). Compare Elst, Maasniel, Nieuwaal, Niel, Niel-bij-As, Nivele and Waldniel.

Meronyms: Baardegem, Erembodgem, Gijzegem, Herdersem, Hofstade, Meldert, Moorsel, Nieuwerkerken

A city and municipality of East Flanders, Belgium

A village and former municipality of Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village and former municipality of Waalre, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Buren, Gelderland, Netherlands


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Joegoslavië

Afrikaans: Joego-Slawië, Joegoslawië


Hof

First attested as HOF (HET) in 1844. Derived from hof (“farmstead, homestead”).

A neighbourhood of Bergeijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bus

* (Bernheze) First attested as in de Bus in 1678. Derived from a dialectal variant of bos (“rising forest”).
* (Meierijstad) First attested as hoeve genaemt in de bus in 1777. Derived from a dialectal variant of bos (“rising forest”).

A hamlet in Bernheze, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Corsica

Ultimately from Latin Corsica, from Ancient Greek Κορσική (Korsikḗ).

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Halle

* (Gelderland) First attested as hall in 1263. Potentially a compound of Proto-Germanic *halha- (“highland spur”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil”). Another possibility is a derivation from Middle Dutch halle (“covered market”), from Old Dutch *halla, from Frankish *hallu.

cog

Meronyms: Buizingen, Lembeek

A village in Bronckhorst, Gelderland, Netherlands


Heer

First attested as in heere in 1176. Derived from Old Dutch heri (“sandy ridge”). Formerly an independent village.
See also Limburgish Hier.

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands


Benelux

Analysable as an acronym of België + Nederland + Luxemburg.

acronym

Benelux (a region of Europe, consisting of the countries which constitute this union)


Elen

A village and former municipality of Dilsen-Stokkem, Belgium


Ceres

Afrikaans: Ceres

First attested as Ceres in 1913. Borrowed from Latin Cerēs.

A neighbourhood of Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Handel

First attested as haenle in 1326. Compound of haan (“rooster, black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)”) and lo (“light forest”).

A village in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Jemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Belg

nl-noun

Belg m (plural Belgen, diminutive Belgje n, feminine Belgische)

Belgen (plural)
Belgje (diminutive neuter)
Belgische (feminine)

Sranan Tongo: Bergi

→ Papiamentu: Bèlga


haven

haven f (plural havens, diminutive haventje n)

havens (plural)
haventje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hawe

→ Papiamentu: haf, haaf

From Middle Dutch havene, from Old Dutch *havana, from Proto-West Germanic *habanu, from Proto-Germanic *habnō, *habanō.

De schepen liggen veilig in de haven.

We namen een wandeling bij het kleine haventje na het diner.

We took a walk by the small harbour after dinner.


Boer

First attested as burstera rede in 1402. Borrowed from West Frisian Boer, derived in turn from Old Frisian buer (“house, cottage”).

A village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Levant

1836, Nicolaas G. van Kampen, De Levant of Mohammedaansch Azië, vol. 3, publ. by de erven François Bohn, page 223.
De hoofd- of liever de eenige stad des eilands, van denzelfden naam, sedert den moord van 1822 de schaduw niet meer van hetgeen zij vroeger was, plagt eene der beste plaatsen van de Levant te zijn.

The capital - or rather the only city of the island, of the same name, no longer the shadow of what it formerly was since the murder of 1822, used to be one of the best settlements of the Levant.

2008, Klaas Vansteenhuyse, Culturen gaan altijd ten onder. De zeevolkeren in het Middellandse Zeegebied (1200 voor Christus), vol. 3, Davidsfonds (publ.).
Deze hebben een algemene vorm die goed verspreid was in de Levant tijdens de late bronstijd.

These have a general shape that was widespread in the Levant during the Late Bronze Age.

Levant (a region of Western Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea)


plateau

plateau n (plural plateaus, diminutive plateautje n)

plateaus (plural)
plateautje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French plateau, diminutive of plat (“a plate”); see English plate.


Palestina

* Borrowed from Latin Palaestīna.
* (Nijkerk) First attested as Palestina in 1843. Named after the region in the Middle East. Originally the name of a farm.

A hamlet in Nijkerk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Holz

First attested as Holtz around 1776. Derived from German Holz (“rising forest”). Compare Bocholtz.
See also Central Franconian De Hoots.

A neighbourhood of Kerkrade, Limburg, Netherlands


Erica

First attested as Erica in 1867. Derived from New Latin Erica (“heath”).

A village in Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands


Zelt

Afrikaans: Selt

Attested as Zelt (De) in 1913. Etymology unknown.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Oisterwijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heide

* (Venray) First attested as de Heijde in 1838-1857. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Friesland) First attested as De Heyde in 1718. Calque of West Frisian De Heide, derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Heumen) Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Montferland) First attested as Diemsche Heyde in 1729. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Echt-Susteren) First attested as Heijde in 1838-1857. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Leudal, Heythuysen) First attested as Heide in 1899. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”). See also Limburgish Hei, De Heihoezer.
* (Leudal, Roggel) First attested as Heide in 1835. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Roermond) First attested as Heijer huysen in the second half of the 17th century. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”). See also Limburgish De Hei.

A village in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands

De Fryske Marren
De Fryske Marren#English

A hamlet in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Heumen, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Montferland, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Echt-Susteren, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Roermond, Limburg, Netherlands


Tinte

Attested as Tente in the 16th century. Likely derived from Middle Dutch tinte (“tent, temporary shelter”). Proposed derivations from Medieval Latin tincta (“tincture, paint”) (as a reference to madder production) or Middle Dutch tinte (“notched lower section of an arrow”) (as a reference to shape of the polder the village is located in) are significantly less likely.
See also Zealandic De Tinte.

cog

A village in Voorne aan Zee, South Holland, Netherlands


Madagaskar

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Luxemburg

nl-proper noun

Luxemburg n (adjective Luxemburgs, demonym Luxemburger m or Luxemburgse f)

Luxemburgs (adjective)
Luxemburger (demonym masculine)
Luxemburgse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Luxemburg

→ Indonesian: Luksemburg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


Nederland

Nederland n (adjective Nederlands, demonym Nederlander m or Nederlandse f)

Nederlands (adjective)
Nederlander (demonym masculine)
Nederlandse (demonym feminine)

→ Aukan: Nedilanti

→ Polish: Niderlandy

From neder (“down, low”) + land (“land”). Compare English Netherlands.

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Libanon

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


België

België n (adjective Belgisch, demonym Belg m or Belgische f)

Belgisch (adjective)
Belg (demonym masculine)
Belgische (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: België

→ Indonesian: Belgia

⇒ Japanese: ベルギー (Berugī)

→ Sranan Tongo: Bergi

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Tokio

Borrowed from Japanese 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”). First attested in the 1870s.

ja-r

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital and largest city of Japan)


Borneo

The hamlet is attested as Klein Borneo in 1984. It was named after the island, presumably for its remoteness or the perceived unpleasant disposition of its inhabitants.

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Nes

* (Noardeast-Fryslân) First attested as nesse in 1369. Borrowed from West Frisian Nes, derived in turn from Old Frisian nes (“headland, spit”).
* (Ameland) First attested as nes in 1485. Borrowed from West Frisian Nes, derived in turn from Old Frisian nes (“headland, spit”).
* (Heerenveen) First attested as nesse in 1243. Borrowed from West Frisian Nes, derived in turn from Old Frisian nes (“headland, spit”).
* (Noord-Holland) Attested as De Nes in 1680. Derived from nes (“headland, spit”).

A village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands

A village in Ameland, Friesland, Netherlands

A village in Heerenveen, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Schagen, North Holland, Netherlands


Windhoek

From wind (“wind”) + hoek (“corner, angle”).

Windhoek (a city, the capital city of Namibia)


moeras

nl-noun

moeras n (plural moerassen, diminutive moerasje n)

moerassen (plural)
moerasje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: moeras

→ English: morass

Alteration (by assimilation to moer (“moor”)) of Middle Dutch marasch, from Old French mareis (“marsh”).


eiland

eiland n (plural eilanden, diminutive eilandje n)

eilanden (plural)
eilandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eiland

Negerhollands: eiland, eyland

→ Sranan Tongo: eilanti

From Middle Dutch eilant, from Old Dutch *eilant, from Old Frisian eiland, from Proto-West Germanic *auwjuland, from Proto-Germanic *awjōlandą, equivalent to ei (“island”) + land (“land”). The former part is from *awjō, the latter identical to modern Dutch land.


Portland

Attested as Portlandsche Polder in 1839-1859. Borrowed from English Portland. Named after Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland and lord of Rhoon.

A neighbourhood of Albrandswaard, South Holland, Netherlands


Osen

First attested as oze in 1326. Etymology unknown.
See also Limburgish Oeazje.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Gaza

From Middle Dutch gaza, from Latin Gaza, from Ancient Greek Γάζα (Gáza), from Biblical Hebrew עזה (`aza).


Nazareth

First attested as Nazareth in 1866. Named after a former farmstead.

A neighbourhood of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands


Brussel

From Broekzele, from broek (“marsh”) + zaal, zele (“thatching, settlement”).

Brussels (the capital city of Belgium; capital city of the region of Flanders in Belgium; main seat of government of the EU; former capital of the former province of Brabant)

Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest#Dutch

Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels-Capital Region#English

Short for Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest.: Brussels-Capital Region (the smallest of Belgium's three federative regions)


Kosovo

nl-proper noun

Kosovo n (adjective Kosovaars, demonym Kosovaar m or Kosovaarse f)

Kosovaars (adjective)
Kosovaar (demonym masculine)
Kosovaarse (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Ко̏сово/Kȍsovo.

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Aken

Afrikaans: Aken


Soto

Borrowed from Papiamentu Soto. Named after Anthony of Padua, the patron of the local parish church.


heuvel

nl-noun

heuvel m (plural heuvels, diminutive heuveltje n)

heuvels (plural)
heuveltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: heuwel

From Middle Dutch hoevel, huevel, hovel, huffel, from Old Dutch huvil, from Proto-Germanic *hubilaz. Cognate with Middle Low German hovel, Old High German hubil, Middle High German hübel, dialectal German Hübel, Luxembourgish Hiwwel. More distantly related to Old Saxon hobar, Old High German hovar, Old English hovar as well as Old English hȳf (modern English hive).
Potential wider cognates include Lithuanian kupra, kupstas, kaupas, Polish kupa.
Compare heup.


broek

broek f (plural broeken, diminutive broekje n)

broeken (plural)
broekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: broek (see there for further descendants)

Berbice Creole Dutch: bruku

Negerhollands: broek, bruk

→ Akawaio: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Javanese: ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀ (bruk)

→ Lokono: boróko

→ Kupang Malay: baruk, bruk

→ Munsee: pălóok

→ Papiamentu: bruki (from the diminutive)

→ Pemon: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Russian: брюки (brjuki)

→ Sranan Tongo: bruku (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch broec, from Old Dutch *bruoc, from Proto-West Germanic *brōk.

Mijn broek is te lang.


vijver

vijver m (plural vijvers, diminutive vijvertje n)

vijvers (plural)
vijvertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vywer

From Middle Dutch viver, from Old French vivier, from Latin vīvārium. Was merged with or replaced Middle Dutch wier, wuwer, *wiwer, an older borrowing directly from Latin; compare German Weiher.


zwembad

zwembad n (plural zwembaden, diminutive zwembadje n)

zwembaden (plural)
zwembadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swembad


werelddeel

werelddeel n (plural werelddelen, diminutive werelddeeltje n)

werelddelen (plural)
werelddeeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wêrelddeel

Compound of wereld (“world”) + deel (“part, piece”).


oceaan

nl-noun

oceaan m (plural oceanen, diminutive oceaantje n)

oceanen (plural)
oceaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oseaan

→ Papiamentu: osean

Borrowed from Middle French ocean, from Latin oceanus, from Ancient Greek ὠκεᾰνός (ōkeănós).


rivier

rivier f or m (plural rivieren, diminutive riviertje n)

rivieren (plural)
riviertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rivier

Jersey Dutch: rîver

From Middle Dutch riviere, from Old French riviere.


straat

straat f (plural straten, diminutive straatje n)

straten (plural)
straatje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: straat
→ Swazi: sitaladi
→ Xhosa: isitrato, isitalato

→ Indonesian: setrat

→ Sranan Tongo: strati
→ Aukan: sitaati, strati
→ Caribbean Hindustani: stráti
→ Saramaccan: sitááti

From Middle Dutch strâte, from Old Dutch strāta, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), from Latin strāta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out, extend, spread”).
The sense “strait” is a phono-semantic matching of Middle English streit, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus. Compare German Straße.

psm

Straat Yucatan — the Yucatán Channel or Straits of Yucatán

Straat (van) Malakka


Transvaal

Transvaal (a geographical region and former province of South Africa)

(historical) Transvaal (a former country in Southern Africa)


Andes

Borrowed from Spanish Andes, or alternatively Latin Andes.

1596, Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, Itinerario, voyage ofte schipvaert naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien 1579-1592, Vol. 3, C.P. Burger & F.W.T. Hunger (eds.), Martinus Nijhoff (publ. 1934), page 176.
Soo zijn dan die grensen oost ende zuyden Argyropolis, nae den nederganck die zuyder Zee, nae't noorden die Province Pastoa, dit landt wordt afghedeelt in driederley deelen, in Planitiem, Sierras, Andes, dat is in even ofte plat landt aen die Zee ligghende, in berghen ofte in berghachtighe landen, die midden door't landt strecken, ende in Peru over het gheberchte nae't oosten.

The borders are like this: to the east and south Argyropolis (name of a river), to the descent to the south the sea, to the north the Province Pastoa, this land is divided into three parts, into Planitiem, Sierras, Andes, that is into level or flat land lying next to the sea, into mountains or into mountainous lands, that range across the middle of the lands, and into Pery over the mountains to the east.


Maas

From Middle Dutch Mase, from Old Dutch *Masa, from Proto-Germanic *Masō. Dutch is one of the few languages in which the Germanic name survives directly; most other languages have borrowed the name from Dutch or from a Romance language.

The Meuse, a major European river flowing through France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river flows through the provinces of Limburg, Gelderland, North Brabant and South Holland.


Tiber

Tiber, the river that flows through Rome in Italy.


Frankrijk

nl-proper noun

Frankrijk n (adjective Frans, demonym Fransman m or Franse f or Française f)

Frans (adjective)
Fransman (demonym masculine)
Franse (demonym feminine)
Française (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Frankryk

From Middle Dutch Vranckrike. Equivalent to Frank + rijk.
The hamlet in Friesland is named after the country. It may have been originally the name of a field owned by the Frankena family, with the name Frankrijk being applied as a humorous reference to the property. See also Dutch Low Saxon Fraankriek and West Frisian Frankryk.
The hamlet in Gelderland is first attested as franckryk in 1401. Named after the country. Formerly an independent hamlet.

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

A neighborhood of Harderwijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Duitsland

Duitsland n (adjective Duits, demonym Duitser m or Duitse f)

Duits (adjective)
Duitser (demonym masculine)
Duitse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Duitsland

Negerhollands: dutschland

From Middle Dutch Duutschlant. Equivalent to Duits + land.


Schotland

Afrikaans: Skotland


Spanje

Spanje n (adjective Spaans, demonym Spanjaard m or Spaanse f)

Spaans (adjective)
Spanjaard (demonym masculine)
Spaanse (demonym feminine)

> Afrikaans: Spanje (inherited)

Ultimately from Latin Hispānia, possibly from Punic [Term?].

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Ierland

Ierland n (adjective Iers, demonym Ier m or Ierse f)

Iers (adjective)
Ier (demonym masculine)
Ierse (demonym feminine)

From Middle Dutch ierlant, equivalent to Ier + land.


IJsland

IJsland n (adjective IJslands, demonym IJslander m or IJslandse f)

IJslands (adjective)
IJslander (demonym masculine)
IJslandse (demonym feminine)


Noorwegen

Noorwegen n (adjective Noors, demonym Noor m or Noorse f)

Noors (adjective)
Noor (demonym masculine)
Noorse (demonym feminine)


Letland

Letland n (adjective Lets, demonym Let m or Letse f)

Lets (adjective)
Let (demonym masculine)
Letse (demonym feminine)


Zweden

Zweden n (adjective Zweeds, demonym Zweed m or Zweedse f)

Zweeds (adjective)
Zweed (demonym masculine)
Zweedse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Swede


Wit-Rusland

Wit-Rusland n (adjective Wit-Russisch, demonym Wit-Rus m or Wit-Russin f or Wit-Russische f)

Wit-Russisch (adjective)
Wit-Rus (demonym masculine)
Wit-Russin (demonym feminine)
Wit-Russische (demonym feminine)

→ Afrikaans: Wit-Rusland

From wit (“white”) + Rusland (“Russia”), a calque of Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija). Cognate with German Weißrussland, English White Russia, Faroese Hvítarussland, Swedish Vitryssland among others.


Oekraïne

nl-proper noun

Oekraïne n or f (adjective Oekraïens, demonym Oekraïner m or Oekraïense f)

Oekraïens (adjective)
Oekraïner (demonym masculine)
Oekraïense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Oekraïne

Borrowing, probably from French. First attested as Ukraine in the 17th century.

Den koningh van Polen, ſoo men vermoed, is den Nieper-ſtroom gepaſſeert, alwaer ſich met de Littauwſe Armee ſal conjungeren, en alſo een attentaet op de Stadt Kiow doen; veele zijn verwondert, dat ſich ſijne Majeſt. met een ſlechte en qualick gediſciplineerde Armee, ſoo diep inde Ukraine, en ſoo naer aen des vyants Landt waeght, door dien de Coſacken qualick te vertrouwen zijn.

1663 November 20, “Poolen, Pruyssen, &c.”, in Tydinge uyt verscheyde Quartieren, number 48, page 2:

The king of Poland, as people suspect, has passed the course of the Dnieper, where he will join up with the Lithuanian army, and thus will make an attack on the city of Kyiv; many people are surprised that His Majesty ventures so far into the Ukraine with a bad and badly disciplined army, and so close to enemy territory, because the Cossacks cannot be trusted.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Zwitserland

Zwitserland n (adjective Zwitsers, demonym Zwitser m or Zwitserse f)

Zwitsers (adjective)
Zwitser (demonym masculine)
Zwitserse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Switserland

Compound of Zwitser (“Swiss person”) + land.

Helvetische Republiek
Helvetische Republiek#Dutch

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe; official name: Helvetische Republiek)


Oostenrijk

Oostenrijk n (adjective Oostenrijks, demonym Oostenrijker m or Oostenrijkse f)

Oostenrijks (adjective)
Oostenrijker (demonym masculine)
Oostenrijkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Oostenryk

From Middle Dutch Oostenrike, etymologically decomposable as oosten + rijk.


Oostenrijk

First attested as toesterich in 1413. Derived from a contracted compound of ooster (“eastern”) and wijk (“village, settlement”). Compare Meterik, Middelijk, Noordijk, Schadijk, Westrik, De Zoeke, Zoeke and Zuuk.

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Litouwen

Litouwen n (adjective Litouws, demonym Litouwer m or Litouwse f)

Litouws (adjective)
Litouwer (demonym masculine)
Litouwse (demonym feminine)

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


Bulgarije

Bulgarije n (adjective Bulgaars, demonym Bulgaar m or Bulgaarse f)

Bulgaars (adjective)
Bulgaar (demonym masculine)
Bulgaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Bulgarye

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Hongarije

Hongarije n (adjective Hongaars, demonym Hongaar m or Hongaarse f)

Hongaars (adjective)
Hongaar (demonym masculine)
Hongaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Hongarye

/ˌɦɔŋ.ɣaːˈrɛi̯.(j)ə/


Albanië

Albanië n (adjective Albanees or Albaans, demonym Albanees m or Albanese f)

Albanees (adjective)
Albaans (adjective)
Albanees (demonym masculine)
Albanese (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Albanië

Indonesian: Albania


Kroatië

Kroatië n (adjective Kroatisch, demonym Kroaat m or Kroatische f)

Kroatisch (adjective)
Kroaat (demonym masculine)
Kroatische (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Kroasië

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Groenland

Groenlandia

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Denemarken

Denemarken n (adjective Deens, demonym Deen m or Deense f)

Deens (adjective)
Deen (demonym masculine)
Deense (demonym feminine)

Negerhollands: Denemarken


Denemarken

First attested as Denemarcket, Denemarckt and Denemarken in the 16th century. Potentially a compound of Dutch Low Saxon deen (“rough terrain”) and Old Frisian merke (“boundary, march, undivided communal lands”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Denmaark.

der

A hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


VSA

Verenigde Staten van Amerika
Verenigde Staten van Amerika#Dutch

(chiefly Belgium) USA (a country in North America); initialism of Verenigde Staten van Amerika (“United States of America”)


Verenigde Staten van Amerika

Calque of English United States of America.

calque

United States of America (a country in North America)


Kopenhagen

/ˌkoːpənˈɦaːɣən/

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Londen

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Parijs

From Middle Dutch parijs, from Old French Paris.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Brazilië

From Portuguese Brasil + -ië, with the suffix likely under the influence of German Brasilien.

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Antwerpen

From Medieval Latin Antwerpo, which, if of Germanic origin, like Frankish or Old Frisian, could be from Proto-West Germanic *anda- (“against”) + a noun derived from *werpan (“to throw”), meaning something like "land thrown up at something, "alluvial deposit."
Folk etymology derived it from handwerpen (“hand-throwing”), from hand + werpen, referring to a giant in Flemish legend named Antigoon, said to sever and fling the hands of any boatmen of the Scheldt who did not pay his toll. More at Antwerp.

Meronyms: Berchem, Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo, Borgerhout, Deurne, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem, Wilrijk

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)

Laten we naar Antwerpen gaan.

Meronyms: Aartselaar, Antwerpen, Arendonk, Baarle-Hertog, Balen, Beerse, Berlaar, Boechout, Bonheiden, Boom, Bornem, Borsbeek, Brasschaat, Brecht, Dessel, Duffel, Edegem, Essen, Geel, Grobbendonk, Heist-op-den-Berg, Hemiksem, Herentals, Herenthout, Herselt, Hoogstraten, Hove, Hulshout, Kalmthout, Kapellen, Kasterlee, Kontich, Laakdal, Lier, Lille, Lint, Malle, Mechelen, Meerhout, Merksplas, Mol, Mortsel, Niel, Nijlen, Olen, Oud-Turnhout, Putte, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Ranst, Ravels, Retie, Rijkevorsel, Rumst, Schelle, Schilde, Schoten, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Stabroek, Turnhout, Vorselaar, Vosselaar, Westerlo, Wijnegem, Willebroek, Wommelgem, Wuustwezel, Zandhoven, Zoersel, Zwijndrecht


Argentinië

Ultimately from Latin argentum (“silver”).


Brugge

From Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”, now brug), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Meronyms: Assebroek, Dudzele, Koolkerke, Lissewege, Sint-Andries, Sint-Kruis, Sint-Michiels

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Bolivië

(dated) Bolivia (a country in South America)


Colombië

Dated form of Colombia.: Colombia (a country in South America)


Algerije

/ˌɑl.ɣəˈrɛi̯.ə/


Tunesië

Afrikaans: Tunisië


Dominicaanse Republiek

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Zuid-Afrika

From zuid (“south”) + Afrika (“Africa”).

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Arabisch Schiereiland

Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula#English

Arabian Peninsula (a peninsula in the Middle East)


schiereiland

nl-noun

schiereiland n (plural schiereilanden, diminutive schiereilandje n)

schiereilanden (plural)
schiereilandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skiereiland

From schier (“almost”, adverb) + eiland (“island”), calque of Latin paenīnsula.


Italië

nl-proper noun

Italië n (adjective Italiaans, demonym Italiaan m or Italiaanse f)

Italiaans (adjective)
Italiaan (demonym masculine)
Italiaanse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Italië

→ Indonesian: Italia

>? Japanese: イタリア (Itaria)


Slovenië

Slovenië n (adjective Sloveens, demonym Sloveen m or Sloveense f)

Sloveens (adjective)
Sloveen (demonym masculine)
Sloveense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Slowenië

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Macedonië

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía).


gracht

nl-noun

gracht f or m (plural grachten, diminutive grachtje n)

grachten (plural)
grachtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: grag

→ English: gracht

→ German: Gracht

→ Papiamentu: gracht (dated)

→ West Frisian: gracht

From Middle Dutch gracht, from Old Dutch *graft, *graht, from Proto-Germanic *graftuz. Equivalent to graven (“to dig”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

2017 January 10, Het Laatste Nieuws, "Monsterfile op E17 na ongeval in Destelbergen, vrachtwagen in gracht op E40".
Op de E40 tussen Beernem en Aalter kreeg een vrachtwagen rond 7 uur 's morgens een klapband. Hierdoor belandde de vrachtwagen, die geladen was met aarde, op zijn zijkant in de gracht.

A truck got a flat tyre on the E40 between Beernem and Aalter around 7 o'clock in the morning. This caused the truck, which was loaded with earth, to end up on its side in the ditch.

(Belgium) ditch, trench (in the countryside, referring to both those that contain water and those that are dry)


Portugese

Portugese f (plural Portugesen, diminutive Portugeesje n, masculine Portugees)

Portugesen (plural)
Portugeesje (diminutive neuter)
Portugees (masculine)


Poltava

Poltava (an oblast in east-central Ukraine)

Poltava (a city, the administrative centre of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)

Poltava (a raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)


Hasselt

* (Belgium) From the root of hazel (“hazel”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as haslet in 1227. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-. See also Dutch Low Saxon Asselt.
* (Dutch Limburg) First attested in 1326 as hasselt. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as die hasselt in 1382. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-.

inh

A city and former municipality of Zwartewaterland, Overijssel, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands


Blankenberge

Meronym: Uitkerke

A municipality and town on the coast of Belgium


Oostende

From oost (“east”) + ende (“end”); in the Middle Ages the city was on the eastern end of an island, Testerep, which is now attached to the main land.

Meronyms: Stene, Zandvoorde

Ostend (a city and municipality of Belgium)


De Panne

Meronym: Adinkerke


Turnhout

Meronym: Zevendonk

A city in the province of Antwerp, Belgium


nl-proper noun

Voormalige Joegoslavische Republiek Macedonië n

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia


VS

US (a country in North America); initialism of Verenigde Staten (“United States”)


Verenigde Staten

United States (a country in North America)


Seychellen

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Georgië

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(dated) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Bosnië en Herzegovina

Bosnië en Herzegovina n (adjective Bosnisch, demonym Bosniër m or Bosnische f)

Bosnisch (adjective)
Bosniër (demonym masculine)
Bosnische (demonym feminine)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Griekenland

Griekenland n (adjective Grieks, demonym Griek m or Griekse f)

Grieks (adjective)
Griek (demonym masculine)
Griekse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Griekeland

From Middle Dutch Griekenlant, from Old Dutch Grieklant. Equivalent to Griek (“Greek, Greek person”) + -en- + land (“land, country”).


Jordanië

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Nieuw-Zeeland

→ English: New Zealand (calque) (see there for further descendants)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Armenië

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Kameroen

Afrikaans: Kameroen

→ Indonesian: Kamerun


Kaapverdië

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek

Probably a calque of the French, or perhaps the English.

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Moldavië

nl-proper noun

Moldavië n (adjective Moldavisch, demonym Moldaviër m or Moldavische f)

Moldavisch (adjective)
Moldaviër (demonym masculine)
Moldavische (demonym feminine)


Wallonië

From Frankish *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”); alternatively from French Wallonie.


Ethiopië

Afrikaans: Ethiopië

→ Indonesian: Etiopia


Indonesië

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Indië

Afrikaans: Indië

Borrowed from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).

Weledele Heer,
Door ons a.s. vertrek naar Indië, zien wij ons, tot onzen grooten spijt, gedwongen, ons lidmaatschap van de Filmliga, voor het volgend seizoen te beëindigen.

1928 May 3, A. Bickes, “Briefwisseling Menno ter Braak - A. Bickes”, in Correspondentie Filmliga, Stichting Menno ter Braak, published 2012:

Dear Sir,
Due to our upcoming departure for the Dutch East Indies, we are forced, to our great regret, to end our membership of the Film League for the next season.

En zo blijkt Indië, ondanks ons aanvankelijk voorbehoud, toch in allerlei nuances en op allerlei niveaus haar stempel op zijn werk te hebben gedrukt. Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap.

2002 January 25, Peter van Zonneveld, “Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap. De Indische wereld van F. Springer [There is always, no matter what, that mark. F. Springer's Dutch East Indies world]”, in Indische Letteren, page 120:

And so, despite our initial reservations, the Dutch East Indies turn out to have left their impression on his work in all kinds of nuances and at all kinds of levels. There is always, no matter what, that mark.

(Netherlands, Indonesia, historical, dated, informal) the Dutch East Indies; Indonesia in the context of Dutch colonial rule

(dated) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)


Israël

Afrikaans: Israel

→ Indonesian: Israel

From Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


Koeweit

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kazachstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Kirgizië

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Nederlandse Antillen

Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antilles


Slowakije

Slowakije n (adjective Slowaaks, demonym Slowaak m or Slowaakse f)

Slowaaks (adjective)
Slowaak (demonym masculine)
Slowaakse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Slowakye

[ˌsloʊ̯.ʋaːˈkæɪ̯.jə]


Somalië

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Servië en Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro


Saoedi-Arabië

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Soedan

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Syrië

Ultimately from Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρίᾱ (Suríā), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Trinidad en Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Turkije

Turkije n (adjective Turks, demonym Turk m or Turkse f)

Turks (adjective)
Turk (demonym masculine)
Turkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Turkye

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Verenigde Arabische Emiraten

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Verenigd Koninkrijk

Verenigd Koninkrijk n (adjective Brits, demonym Brit m or Britse f)

Brits (adjective)
Brit (demonym masculine)
Britse (demonym feminine)


Vaticaanstad

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Westelijke Sahara

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


Equatoriaal-Guinea

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Egypte

Afrikaans: Egipte

Jersey Dutch: Jâpten

From Middle Dutch Egypten, ultimately from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), ultimately from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ.
The hamlet in Achtkarspelen is named after the country. It may have been named for its remote location or because of the presence of Roma in the area.
The hamlet in Ooststellingwerf is named after the country. The name may have originally belonged to a farmhouse.
The hamlet in Limburg is first attested in 1958 as Egypte. It is named after the country.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is first attested in 1863 as Egypte. It is named after the country.

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

A hamlet in Achtkarspelen, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Bladel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Ivoorkust

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Catalonië

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Nieuw-Caledonië

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Den Haag

→ German: Den Haag

→ Sranan Tongo: Aga
→ Dutch: Agga

→ West Frisian: De Haach

From Middle Dutch die Haghe (“the enclosure”), from hage (m, later also f, “enclosure, hedge”), from Proto-Germanic *hagô. First attested in 1242 as die haga. The article form den is dative/accusative, generalized in the modern name because of its use after prepositions, e.g. in den Haghe (“in The Hague”). Compare Den Bosch, Den Hoorn etc.

inh

Meronym: Haagoord

The Hague (a city, municipality, and capital of South Holland, Netherlands; administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Oost-Vlaanderen

Meronyms: Aalst, Aalter, Assenede, Berlare, Beveren, Brakel, Buggenhout, Deinze, Denderleeuw, Dendermonde, De Pinte, Destelbergen, Eeklo, Erpe-Mere, Evergem, Gavere, Gent, Geraardsbergen, Haaltert, Hamme, Herzele, Horebeke, Kaprijke, Kluisbergen, Kruibeke, Kruisem, Laarne, Lebbeke, Lede, Lierde, Lievegem, Lochristi, Lokeren, Maarkedal, Maldegem, Melle, Merelbeke, Moerbeke, Nazareth, Ninove, Oosterzele, Oudenaarde, Ronse, Sint-Gillis-Waas, Sint-Laureins, Sint-Lievens-Houtem, Sint-Martens-Latem, Sint-Niklaas, Stekene, Temse, Waasmunster, Wachtebeke, Wetteren, Wichelen, Wortegem-Petegem, Zele, Zelzate, Zottegem, Zulte, Zwalm


Vlaanderen

From Middle Dutch vlaendren, from Old Dutch *flāmdra-, from Old Frisian *flāmdra-, from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.