West-Vlaanderen

Meronyms: Alveringem, Anzegem, Ardooie, Avelgem, Beernem, Blankenberge, Bredene, Brugge, Damme, Deerlijk, De Haan, Dentergem, De Panne, Diksmuide, Gistel, Harelbeke, Heuvelland, Hooglede, Houthulst, Ichtegem, Ieper, Ingelmunster, Izegem, Jabbeke, Knokke-Heist, Koekelare, Koksijde, Kortemark, Kortrijk, Kuurne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, Ledegem, Lendelede, Lichtervelde, Lo-Reninge, Menen, Mesen, Meulebeke, Middelkerke, Moorslede, Nieuwpoort, Oostende, Oostkamp, Oostrozebeke, Oudenburg, Pittem, Poperinge, Roeselare, Ruiselede, Spiere-Helkijn, Staden, Tielt, Torhout, Veurne, Vleteren, Waregem, Wervik, Wevelgem, Wielsbeke, Wingene, Zedelgem, Zonnebeke, Zulenkerke, Zwevegem


Edam

First attested as aedamme in 1342-1343. Compound of the hydronym Ee (derived from aa (“watercourse, river”)) and Middle Dutch dam (“dam”).

A city in Edam-Volendam, North Holland, Netherlands


Trent

First attested as op de Trent in 1727. Derived from Middle Dutch trent (“round object, disc, circle”).

inh

A hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands


Port Moresby

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Port Moresby (the capital city of Papua New Guinea)


Santiago

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)


Paramaribo

The initial element is from a Tupi-Guarani word related to Old Tupi pará (“sea, wide river”) and refers to the Suriname River; the settlement was founded on its western (left) bank.

Paramaribo (the capital city of Suriname)


Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Hank

* (Altena) First attested as De Hank in 1851. Potentially derived from dialectal hang (“place where fishing nets were hung out to dry, fish smoking unit”). Alternatively, the toponym may be cognate to hangen (“hang”) and refer to fencing or a small building.
* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as hanck in 1485. Apparently to be related to hangen (“hang”), referring here to fencing or a small building.

A village in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bahrein

Ultimately from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn, “Bahrain; the two seas”), with omission of the definite article.

der

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Egge

First attested as op die eygen in 1470. Derived from Middle Dutch eigen (“personally owned land”). The current neighbourhood was named after a home for bachelors that had in turn taken its name from a piece of land.

inh

A neighbourhood of Brunssum, Limburg, Netherlands


Bethlehem

From Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).
The hamlet is first attested as Bethlehem in 1502 and is named after a former monastery, which was named in turn after the city in Palestine.

der

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)

A hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Bucht

First attested as Bucht in 1936. Derived from a dialectal variant of bocht, used here in the sense "fenced-in property, enclosed parcel". Compare De Bocht and Buchten.

A neighbourhood of Bergeijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kiel

First attested as Friesen Compagnie of Kijl in 1652. Derived from the hydronym Kielsterdiep, which derives in turn from a compound of kiel (“deeper part of a ditch draining a turf extraction area”) and diep (“canal”). Currently part of Kiel-Windeweer.

A former village in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Korn

First attested as den Korne in 1542. Derived from the hydronym Korn.

A hamlet in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands


Weite

First attested as Weite in 1913. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may derive from a hydronym or, alternatively, be a reference to the cultivation of buckwheat (boekweit) near the settlement.

A hamlet in Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Linde

* (Drenthe) First attested as bij der Lynden in 1543. Derived from linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”).
* (Deventer) First attested as in villa dicta linlo in 1290. Perhaps a compound of Proto-Germanic *hlîn- (“Norway maple, Acer platanoides”) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Lent and Lenthe.
* (Twenterand) First attested as dat nye huis to lynne in 1381-1383. Likely derived from Middle Dutch linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”) (see modern linde).

inh

A village in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands

A hamlet in Twenterand, Overijssel, Netherlands


Dante

Attested as Dante and Op-de-Dante in 1936. Etymology unknown. Not derived from Middle Dutch dan (“woodland vale, animal lair”) or Middle Dutch dante (“floozie”).

unk

unknown

cog

A neighbourhood of Ommen, Overijssel, Netherlands


Scheide

First attested as op de Scheij in 1514. Derived from scheide (“watershed, boundary, hill ridge”), itself from the verb scheiden (“to split, separate”).

A hamlet in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Schenkel

* (Capelle aan den IJssel) Attested as Schinkel in 1611. Derived from schinkel (“levee connecting two separate levees”).
* (Nissewaard) Derived from schinkel (“levee connecting two separate levees”).

Capelle aan den IJssel
Capelle aan den IJssel#English

A neighbourhood of Capelle aan den IJssel, South Holland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Nissewaard, South Holland, Netherlands


Sulawesi

Sulawesi (an island in Indonesia, the world's eleventh-largest island)


Nisse

First attested as gebersnisse in 1197-1212. Derived from Old Dutch nisse (“headland, spit”). The oldest attestation includes a personal name Old Dutch Geber.
See also Zealandic Ternisse.

A village and former municipality of Borsele, Zeeland, Netherlands


Petersburg

First attested as Petersburg in 1899. Named after Saint Petersburg in Russia.

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Homberg

* (Limburg) Attested as Hogh Bergh in 1803-1820. Derived from a compound of hoog (“high”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Gelderland) Attested as de Homberg in 1865. Compound of a dative singular form of hoog (“high”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”).

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

A neighborhood of Wijchen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Rotterdam

First attested as rotter dam ter haluer rotte in 1280-1287. From Middle Dutch rotterdam, a compound of the hydronym Rotte + dam.

Meronyms: Hoek van Holland, Hoogvliet, Pernis, Rozenburg

Rotterdam (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


krater

nl-noun

krater m (plural kraters, diminutive kratertje n)

kraters (plural)
kratertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krater

→ West Frisian: krater

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr).

(archaeology) krater (Ancient Greek vessel)


Gondel

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Krim

Ultimately from Crimean Tatar Qırım, probably via German or a Slavic language; the gender suggests either that the direct source is German or that the word was influenced by a Romance language.


bron

bron f (plural bronnen, diminutive bronnetje n)

bronnen (plural)
bronnetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: bron, blon

From earlier born, from Middle Dutch borne, Old Dutch brunno, from Proto-West Germanic *brunnō, from Proto-Germanic *brunnô.
The inherited word underwent metathesis in Middle Dutch, but this was undone through influence from German Brunnen.


Waterloo

[ˈβ̞aːtərˌloː]

[ˈʋaːtərˌloʊ̯]

* (Belgium) From Middle Dutch [Term?], composed of water (“water”) + loo (“light forest, wood”).
* (Utrecht) Named after Waterloo in Belgium in memory of the Battle of Waterloo. The choice of name may have been influenced by nearby Austerlitz.
* (Zeeland) First attested as Waterloo in 1853. Named after Waterloo in Belgium in memory of the Battle of Waterloo.

compound

A village in Walloon Brabant, Belgium; the site of a major military battle in 1815

A hamlet in Leusden, Utrecht, Netherlands


Philippine

First attested as eene ghesloten stadt, die noemende Philippijne in 1505. Named after the city's location in the Philippinepolder, which is named in turn after Philip I of Castile (1478-1506).
See also Zealandic Phelippine, Phelpine.

A city and former municipality of Terneuzen, Zeeland, Netherlands


Kabel

Attested as Kabel (De) in 1899. Derived from a dialectal form of kavel (“lot, parcel”).

A hamlet in Dijk en Waard, North Holland, Netherlands


Maastricht

→ English: Maastricht

English: Maastricht Formation

English: Maastrichtian

→ French: Maastricht, Maestricht

French: maastrichtien

→ New Latin: maastrichtensis

→ Walloon: Måstraik, Li Trai

First attested as Traiecto in 535. From Middle Dutch maestrecht, from Latin Mosae Traiectum. All forms are derived from the hydronym Maas and tricht (“crossing, ferry”) (derived in turn from Latin traiectus (“crossing”)). The element Maas was added at a later date to distinguish the city from Tricht and Utrecht.
See also Limburgish Mestreech.

Meronyms: Amby, Borgharen, Caberg, Heer, Heugem, Itteren, Limmel, Mariënwaard, Nekum, Sint Pieter, Wolder

Maastricht (a city, municipality, and capital of Limburg, Netherlands)


Australië

nl-proper noun

Australië n (adjective Australisch, demonym Australiër m or Australische f)

Australisch (adjective)
Australiër (demonym masculine)
Australische (demonym feminine)

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Dijon

Dijon (the capital city of the Côte-d'Or department, France)


Albano

First attested as Albano in 1911. Derived from the Italian toponym Albano. Originally the name of a farm which served as a gathering place for Dutchmen who volunteered as Papal Zouaves.

A neighbourhood of Halderberge, North Brabant, Netherlands


Santa Cruz

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Cruz (“Holy Cross”).


Breda

First attested as brida in 1152. Etymology uncertain. Not a compound of breed (“broad”) and aa (“river, watercourse”).

Meronyms: Achterste Rith, Bavel, Bolberg, Diunt, Effen, Eikberg, Ginneken, IJpelaar, Lies, Lijndonk, Princenhage, Prinsenbeek, Roosberg, Tervoort, Teteringen, Ulvenhout, Vaareind, Verloren Hoek, Vuchtschoot, Westrik

Breda (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Haïti

Probably borrowed from French Haïti, from Taíno hayiti.


Jericho

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Willis

Derived from a dialectal variant of wildernis (“wilderness”).

A neighbourhood of Zaanstad, North Holland, Netherlands


Kandahar

der

Pashto کندهار

Kandahar (a city and province in southern Afghanistan)


Alpen

Afrikaans: Alpe

→ Indonesian: Alpen

From Middle Dutch alpen; see German Alpen below.

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


Leeuwenhoek

A neighborhood of Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands


taiga

Ultimately from Russian тайга́ (tajgá), from Turkic or Yakut тайга (tayga), which roughly could be translated as "slippery place". Most likely, the meaning come from a verb Yakut тай (tay) - to slip.

taiga (subarctic evergreen coniferous forest)


Byzantium

Borrowed from Latin Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon).

(historical) Byzantium (ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, later called Constantinople; modern Istanbul)


Genua

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Berlijn

Perhaps borrowed from German Berlin. Insofar as the name has undergone diphthongisation it must be of some age; hence possibly inherited from Middle Dutch [Term?], from Middle Low German [Term?]. The city was of relevance since circa 1250.

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

A settlement and former plantation in Para, Suriname


Bornholm

Borrowed from Danish Bornholm. Named after a former farmhouse which was named in turn after the Danish island.

A neighbourhood of Haarlemmermeer, North Holland, Netherlands


Vlaming

nl-noun

Vlaming m (plural Vlamingen, diminutive Vlaminkje n, feminine Vlaamse)

Vlamingen (plural)
Vlaminkje (diminutive neuter)
Vlaamse (feminine)

→ Italian: fiammingo

→ Portuguese: flamengo

desctree

→ Spanish: flamenco
→ English: flamenco
→ French: flamenco
→ German: Flamenco
→ Italian: flamenco
→ Russian: фламе́нко (flaménko)

From Middle Dutch vlaminc, from Old Dutch flāmink, from Old Frisian *flāming, from *flām + -ing, the former from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.


Fries

nl-noun

Fries m (plural Friezen, diminutive Friesje n, feminine Friese)

Friezen (plural)
Friesje (diminutive neuter)
Friese (feminine)

From Middle Dutch Friese, but also Vriese, Vrese, from Old Dutch *Frieso, probably via Old Saxon *Frēso. Borrowed and re-borrowed, at varying times in history, from Old Frisian Frēsa, Frīsa (modern West Frisian Fries). Probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *frisaz (“curly, frizzy”), named for their curly hair. Also compare Latin Frisii.
Initial v- is expected from natural development from Old Dutch, in which voicing of initial f- to v- occurs naturally. The modern form with f- is probably influenced by the Frisian endonym. However, the original voiced consonant is retained in the common surname de Vries.

der

a Frisian, member of a Germanic people (both the modern people and the ancient Frisii); a speaker of one of the Frisian languages

a West Frisian specifically; a speaker of the West Frisian language


Fries

nl-adj

Fries (comparative Frieser, superlative meest Fries or Friest)

Frieser (comparative)
meest Fries (superlative)
Friest (superlative)
Fries (adverbial positive predicative)
Frieser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Friest (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Frieste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Friese (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Friesere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Frieste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Fries (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Frieser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Frieste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Friese (indefinite plural positive)
Friesere (comparative indefinite plural)
Frieste (indefinite plural superlative)
Friese (definite positive)
Friesere (comparative definite)
Frieste (definite superlative)
Fries (partitive positive)
Friesers (comparative partitive)

Frisian (any member of the Frisian people)

West Frisian specifically (of the Frisian part of the Netherlands)


Leeuwarden

First attested as liunuuero and liunuert in 1038-1057. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian ward (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element has been variously interpreted as a personal name, a derivation from Proto-Germanic *hleunjô- (“lee, refuge”) and a term cognate to Gothic *𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (*hlains, “hill”). Compare Liezele and Lünern.
See also West Frisian Ljouwert.

cog

Meronyms: Abbengawier, Aegum, Angwier, Baard, Baardburen, Beers, Britsum, Cornjum, De Drie Romers, De Groote Bontekoe, De Hem, Domwier, Finkum, Fons, Friens, Gotum, Goutum, Grouw, Hempens, Hezens, Hijlaard, Hijum, Horne, Hoek, Hofland, Hoptille, Huins, Idaard, Irnsum, Jellum, Jelsum, Jorwerd, Lekkum, Lions, Mantgum, Marwird, Midsburen, Miedum, Naarderburen, Noordend, Oosterlittens, Oude Leije, Poelhuizen, Rewerd, Roordahuizum, Schillaard, Schrins, Snakkerburen, Stiens, Swichum, Teerns, Tichelwerk, Tjaard, Tjeintgum, Truurd, Tsienzerburen, Vensterburen, Vierhuis, Wammerd, Warstiens, Wartena, Warga, Weidum, Wiel, Wieuwens, Wijtgaard, Wirdum, Zuiderburen, Zuiderend

Leeuwarden (a city, municipality, and capital of Friesland, Netherlands)


Randstad

Compound of rand (“rim, edge”) + stad (“city”).

Randstad (a region and conurbation in the Netherlands)


Groene Hart

the Green Heart (a region, the non-urban area of the Netherlands that is surrounded by the Randstad)


waterval

nl-noun

waterval m (plural watervallen, diminutive watervalletje n)

watervallen (plural)
watervalletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: waterval

Skepi Creole Dutch: water fall


Lissabon

Ultimately from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisipo, further etymology uncertain.


Albanese

Albanese f (plural Albanesen, diminutive Albaneesje n, masculine Albanees)

Albanesen (plural)
Albaneesje (diminutive neuter)
Albanees (masculine)


Hell

First attested as in hello in the middle of the twelfth century. Presumably a compound of Middle Dutch helle (“lowland, marshy area”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil”). An alternative interpretation reads the toponym as a compound of Middle Dutch hel (“bright, clear”) and lo (“pool”). Compare Helhuizen, Helwerd, Holwerd and Hulhuizen.

inh

A hamlet in Putten, Gelderland, Netherlands


Ibiza

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Ibiza (island in the Balearic Islands of Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Haag

haag

Potentially attested as hage in 1292, attested with certainty as Haag in 1899. Derived from haag (“fence, enclosed area”).

A hamlet in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


nol

From Middle Dutch nolle. Cf. Danish knold, English knoll, English noll.

(now chiefly Holland, dialectal) dune, usually a sandy hill


baai

nl-noun

baai f (plural baaien, diminutive baaitje n)

baaien (plural)
baaitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: baai

Negerhollands: bai, bay

Directly or ultimately from Middle French baie.


baai

Afrikaans: baai


baai

1870, P. J. van der Noordaa, "Levenslust", in D. F. Tersteeg, Nederland, vol. 1, J. C. Loman (publ.), page 348.
»Ja, een half fleschjen rooie baai van een krachtig merk.”

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(Bargoens, slang, dated) wine (in recent texts only used of red wine, and in earlier texts also of wines from the German Rhineland)


ravijn

ravijn n (plural ravijnen, diminutive ravijntje n)

ravijnen (plural)
ravijntje (diminutive neuter)


beek

beek f (plural beken, diminutive beekje n)

beken (plural)
beekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: beek

From Middle Dutch bēke, from Old Dutch beki, from Proto-Germanic *bakiz.

brook, creek (running waterway smaller than a river)


Sanaa

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


Carmel

Named after a former Carmelite monastery chapel, which in turn was named after Hebrew כַּרְמֶל (karmél, “fertile land”).

bor

A neighbourhood of Hulst, Zeeland, Netherlands


Linie

Derived from linie (“military line”). The neighbourhood is named after a former defensive line.


Koks

First attested as Koks in 1794. Derived from Cox (a surname). Named after a family that was resident near the current site of the hamlet.

A hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Pyramide

Attested as Piramide in 1838-1857. Derived from piramide (“pyramid”). Possibly named after a house with a pyramid-shaped roof.
See also Zealandic Pieremie.


Lula

First attested as in de Lula in 1706. Derived from Old Frisian Lula (a surname).

A hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Assel

First attested as hasle in 814-815. Etymology uncertain. Possible etymologies include a compound derived from Proto-Germanic *hasi- (“brushwood”) and lo (“light forest”) or a derivation from hazel (“common hazel, Corylus avellana”). A third etymology proposes that the initial H- in the earliest attestations is an insertion and that the toponym may actually derive from as (“European ash, Fraxinus excelsior”). Compare Asselt, Nederasselt and Overasselt.

A hamlet in Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands


Warschau

→ Afrikaans: Warschau


Krakau

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Cracow, the capital city of Lesser Poland Voivodeship and former capital of Poland.


München

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Curaçao

From Spanish Curaçao, from Portuguese Curação, probably as a transcription of a Lokono endonym but sometimes folk-etymologized as derived from Portuguese Ilha da Curação (“Isle of Healing”) from curação (“cure, healing”) in reference to the island's use as a place of recovery for sailors sick with scurvy and other ailments or from modification of coração (“heart”) in reference to its supposed importance in local trade.

An island and constituent country of the Netherlands


Française

nl-noun

Française f (plural Françaises, masculine Fransman)

Françaises (plural)
Fransman (masculine)


Maltees

Maltees m (plural Maltezen, diminutive Malteesje n, feminine Maltese)

Maltezen (plural)
Malteesje (diminutive neuter)
Maltese (feminine)


Rus

Rus m (plural Russen, diminutive Rusje n, feminine Russin)

Russen (plural)
Rusje (diminutive neuter)
Russin (feminine)


Bonaire

Uncertain. According to one hypothesis, the toponym derives from the Caquetio word bonay ("low country"). A derivation from Spanish buen (“good”) and aire (“air”) is less likely.

An island and special municipality in the Netherlands in the Caribbean Sea


Westerland

First attested as westenlande and westelant in 1343-1344. Compound of Middle Dutch wester (“western, west-”) and land (“land”). The toponym contrasts with Oosterland.

A village in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Kreta

Crete (Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea)


Donau

Borrowed from German Donau. The Middle Dutch name was denouwe.

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Tempel

* (hamlet) Attested as Tempel in 1518. Derived from Middle Dutch timpe (“protruding extremity, triangular piece of land”).
* (former municipality) Named after a former fiefdom, the name of which derives in turn from Middle Dutch timpe (“protruding extremity, triangular piece of land”).

inh

A hamlet in Bodegraven-Reeuwijk, South Holland, Netherlands

A former municipality of South Holland, Netherlands


Maren

Potentially attested as marsna in 997, attested with certainty as marne in 1202. Derived from Old Dutch mare (“body of water, pool, watercourse”), from Proto-West Germanic *mari.

A former village and former municipality of Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands


Margret

Attested as Margeriet in 1838-1857. Derived from a contraction of Margaretha. Compare Griete and Magrette.


Kapelle

First attested as infra parochiam de Capella in 1248. Derived from Middle Dutch capelle (“chapel”), whence Dutch kapel.

Meronyms: Biezelinge, Dijkwel, Eversdijk, Schore, Wemeldinge

A village and municipality of Zeeland, Netherlands


Biest

First attested as Biest in 1838-1857. Derived from bies (“rush, Scirpus sp.”) with collectivising suffix -t. The toponym may also refer to the practice of using relatively open locations covered with rushes as meeting places and village squares.
See also Limburgish Beest.

A neighbourhood of Weert, Limburg, Netherlands


Fransman

nl-noun

Fransman m (plural Fransen or Fransmannen, diminutive Fransmannetje n, feminine Française or Franse)

Fransen (plural)
Fransmannen (plural)
Fransmannetje (diminutive neuter)
Française (feminine)
Franse (feminine)

→ Betawi: *prasman

Indonesian: prasmanan

→ Caribbean Javanese: Prasman

→ Munsee: pulánshumaan

→ Unami: Pëlanshëman


Mekka

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Indonesiër

Indonesiër m (plural Indonesiërs, diminutive Indonesiërtje n, feminine Indonesische)

Indonesiërs (plural)
Indonesiërtje (diminutive neuter)
Indonesische (feminine)

Indonesian, a person from and/or living in Indonesia


Heino

First attested as heyna in 1245. Etymology unknown.

unk

unknown

A village and former municipality of Raalte, Overijssel, Netherlands


Plantage

* (Gelderland) Attested as De Plantage in 1899. Named after a house, the name of which in turn derives from plantage (“plantation”).
* (Noord-Holland) Derived from plantage (“plantation”). The area was formerly occupied by various gardens.
* (Zuid-Holland) Derived from plantage (“plantation”).

A hamlet in Doetinchem, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Voorne aan Zee, South Holland, Netherlands


vulkaan

nl-noun

vulkaan m (plural vulkanen, diminutive vulkaantje n)

vulkanen (plural)
vulkaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vulkaan

From Middle Dutch vulcaen, from Latin Vulcānus.


Elzas

Borrowed from German Elsass. Replaced Elzaten.

De Elzas is afwisselend Duits en Frans geweest, onder uiteenlopende bewindsvormen

The Alsace was alternately German and French, under various regimes

administrative region
administrative region

Alsace (a region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


Amer

Likely etymologically identical to Eem. See also Amersfoort.

A river in the province of North Brabant, the Netherlands; it flows into the Hollands Diep and is the continuation of the Bergsche Maas


Mokum

Borrowed from Yiddish מקום (mokem, “place, safe haven”), from Hebrew מקום (makóm, “place”).

bor

(informal) the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands


Nederlander

nl-noun

Nederlander m (plural Nederlanders, diminutive Nederlandertje n, feminine Nederlandse)

Nederlanders (plural)
Nederlandertje (diminutive neuter)
Nederlandse (feminine)

a Dutchman, citizen of - or person originating from the kingdom of the Netherlands

(history) inhabitant of the Low Countries, roughly including present Dutchmen, Belgians and Luxemburgers


Helle

* (Beekdaelen) First attested as Helle in 1803-1820. Derived from either helle (“lowland, marshland”) or a deformation of *helde (“slope, incline”). See also Limburgish G'n Hèl.
* (Gulpen-Wittem) First attested as Hölle in 1803-1820. Likely derived from helle (“lowland, marshland”). A derivation from *helde (“slope, incline”) is less likely when the oldest attestation of the toponym is taken into account.

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Gouda

First attested as golda in 1143. Derived from the hydronym Gouwe, derived in turn from a compound of Old Dutch gold (“gold”) and ā (“watercourse, river”).

Meronym: Stolwijkersluis

Gouda (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Sion

From Ecclesiastical Latin Sion, from Hebrew ציון. Named after a former monastery.

A hamlet in Rijswijk, South Holland, Netherlands


Horst

* (Limburg) First attested as horst in 1275. Derived from Middle Dutch horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
* (Gelderland) First attested as horsterbosch around 1450. Derived from horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Horst in 1697. Derived from horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
* (Flevoland) Derived from horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of horst or from one of the toponyms.

inh

A village and former municipality of Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Ermelo, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Gilze en Rijen, North Brabant, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Dinkel

A river in the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, originating in Germany.


Nederlandse

nl-noun

Nederlandse f (uncountable, masculine Nederlander)

Dutchwoman, Dutch female (from the Netherlands)


Afghaan

Afghaan m (plural Afghanen, diminutive Afghaantje n, feminine Afghaanse)

Afghanen (plural)
Afghaantje (diminutive neuter)
Afghaanse (feminine)

Afghan (person from Afghanistan, person of Afghan ethnicity)


Afghaanse

Afghaanse f (plural Afghaansen, masculine Afghaan)

female Afghan (woman from Afghanisation or of Afghan ethnicity or descent)


Albanees

Albanees m (plural Albanezen, diminutive Albaneesje n, feminine Albanese)

Albanezen (plural)
Albaneesje (diminutive neuter)
Albanese (feminine)


Albanees

nl-adj

Albanees (comparative Albaneser, superlative meest Albanees or Albaneest)

Albaneser (comparative)
meest Albanees (superlative)
Albaneest (superlative)
Albanees (adverbial positive predicative)
Albaneser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Albaneest (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Albaneeste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Albanese (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Albanesere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Albaneeste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Albanees (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Albaneser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Albaneeste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Albanese (indefinite plural positive)
Albanesere (comparative indefinite plural)
Albaneeste (indefinite plural superlative)
Albanese (definite positive)
Albanesere (comparative definite)
Albaneeste (definite superlative)
Albanees (partitive positive)
Albanesers (comparative partitive)

Albanian (Of or pertaining to Albania or the Albanian language)


Oost-Timor

From oost- (“eastern”) + Timor (“Timor”).

Oost-Timor was lang een Portugese kolonie en werd dan door grote buur Indonesië bezet en zelfs aangehecht tot het uiteindelijk onafhankelijk werd

East Timor was for long a Portuguese colony, next got occupied and even annexed by giant neighbour Indonesia until it finally achieved independence

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


Kongo-Brazzaville

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Congo-Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Zweedse

nl-noun

Zweedse f (plural Zweedsen, masculine Zweed)


Tsjech

Tsjech m (plural Tsjechen, diminutive Tsjechje n, feminine Tsjechische)

Tsjechen (plural)
Tsjechje (diminutive neuter)
Tsjechische (feminine)


Tsjechische

Tsjechische f (plural Tsjechischen, masculine Tsjech)

Tsjechischen (plural)
Tsjech (masculine)

Czech (female person from the Czech Republic)


Oltenië

Oltenia (a historical region in Romania)


Engelbert

First attested as egniberde and eginberde in 1323. Compound of Old Frisian Egge (a personal name) and bert (“settlement”).

A village in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Duitse

Duitse f (plural Duitsen, masculine Duitser)


Italiaanse

Italiaanse f (plural Italiaansen, masculine Italiaan)

Italiaansen (plural)
Italiaan (masculine)


Italiaan

Italiaan m (plural Italianen, diminutive Italiaantje n, feminine Italiaanse)

Italianen (plural)
Italiaantje (diminutive neuter)
Italiaanse (feminine)

From Middle Dutch italiaen. Equivalent to Italië (“Italy”) + -aan (“-an”).


landengte

landengte f (plural landengtes or landengten, diminutive landengtetje n)

landengtes (plural)
landengten (plural)
landengtetje (diminutive neuter)


moer

moer f (plural moeren, diminutive moertje n)

moeren (plural)
moertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: moer (dated)

Contraction of moeder (“mother”) by regular syncope of medial /d/ (compare broer, blij, leer, la).

sediment formed in various alcoholic drinks and vinegar; compare French: mère de vinaigre


Amerikaan

Amerikaan m (plural Amerikanen, diminutive Amerikaantje n, feminine Amerikaanse)

Amerikanen (plural)
Amerikaantje (diminutive neuter)
Amerikaanse (feminine)

Negerhollands: amerikanner

→? Sranan Tongo: Amerkan

→ Caribbean Javanese: Mirkan

an American (person born in or citizen of the USA or the Americas)


Welten

First attested as in waltine around 1065. Etymology unknown. Not derived from a hypothetical Latin *Waltonia villa.
See also Limburgish Welte.

unk

unknown

A neighbourhood of Heerlen, Limburg, Netherlands


kust

nl-noun

kust f (plural kusten, diminutive kustje n)

kusten (plural)
kustje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kus

From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French coste, from Latin costa (“rib, side”), cognate with English coast, German Küste, French côte etc.


zeekust

zeekust f (plural zeekusten, diminutive zeekustje n)

zeekusten (plural)
zeekustje (diminutive neuter)


Baskenland

Compound of Bask (“Basque”) + -en- + land (“country”).

com

autonomous community
autonomous community

Basque Country (an autonomous community of Spain)


Duisburg

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Duisburg (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Leiden

locally; traditional, now sometimes affected

From Middle Dutch Leiden, older Leithen, originally the name of the village now called Leiderdorp, then transferred to the younger nearby settlement. Formerly hypothesized to be from Middle Dutch lēde (“dyke, drainage channel”), but this is derived from the past stem *lid- of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to pass through”), thus requiring an original -d-, not -þ- (see Grammatischer Wechsel). The early ei-spelling also speaks against this derivation. Instead probably from a Frankish *Lagiþon, from Proto-Germanic *laguz (“water”) + the placename suffix *-iþi.
The usual latinisation Lugdunum was taken from the name of a defunct historical settlement north of Katwijk, which was erroneously identified with Leiden. There is in all likelihood no relation between the two names.

der

Leiden (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)

Grammatischer Wechsel
Nicoline van der Sijs
nl:Leiden


Friese

nl-noun

Friese f (plural Friesen, masculine Fries)


Russin

Russin f (plural Russinnen, diminutive Russinnetje n, masculine Rus)

Russinnen (plural)
Russinnetje (diminutive neuter)
Rus (masculine)


Deen

Deen m (plural Denen, diminutive Deentje n, feminine Deense)

Denen (plural)
Deentje (diminutive neuter)
Deense (feminine)

Negerhollands: Deen

From Middle Dutch Dene, from Old Dutch *Deni, from Proto-Germanic *daniz.

Dane (person from Denmark or of Danish descent)


vlakte

vlakte f (plural vlakten or vlaktes, diminutive vlaktetje n)

vlakten (plural)
vlaktes (plural)
vlaktetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vlakte
→ English: vlakte

a plain, flatland (tract of land with relatively low relief, level terrain)


kanaal

kanaal n (plural kanalen, diminutive kanaaltje n)

kanalen (plural)
kanaaltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kanaal

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kandál

→ Caribbean Javanese: kanal

→ Indonesian: kanal

→ Sranan Tongo: kanari

→ West Frisian: kanaal

From Middle Dutch canael, from older canel, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“pipe, channel, canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na).


Falklandeilanden

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


Methoni

Methoni (a town in Messinia prefecture, in southwestern Greece)

Methoni (a town in Pieria prefecture, in north-central Greece)


Japanner

Japanner m or f (plural Japanners, diminutive Japannertje n, feminine Japanse or Japannese)

Japanners (plural)
Japannertje (diminutive neuter)
Japanse (feminine)
Japannese (feminine)

Japanese (inhabitant of Japan; person of Japanese descent)


Tsjechië

nl-proper noun

Tsjechië n (adjective Tsjechisch, demonym Tsjech m or Tsjechische f)

Tsjechisch (adjective)
Tsjech (demonym masculine)
Tsjechische (demonym feminine)

desc

Afrikaans: Tsjeggië, Tsjeggiese Republiek.

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Athene

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē) and Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Zwarte Zee

the Black Sea, an inland sea between southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and Asia Minor


Stille Oceaan

the Pacific Ocean (the world's largest body of water)


Tsjechische Republiek

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


stroom

nl-noun

stroom m (plural stromen, diminutive stroompje n)

stromen (plural)
stroompje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: strom

Negerhollands: stroom, strom

→ Aukan: sitolomu

→ Caribbean Javanese: setrum

→ Indonesian: setrum

→ Papiamentu: strom, stroom

→ Indonesian: arus (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch strôom, from Old Dutch *strōm, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).


Sardinië

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Hawaï

Ultimately from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Hawaiki, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki.


Zwaag

The village is first attested as svaech around 1312. The toponym derives from Middle Dutch swaech (“cattle pasture”).
From Middle Dutch swaech (“pasture”), from Old Frisian swāg (“pasture”). Cognate with Old High German sweiga (“pasture”). From a word originally indicating a fence (around a pasture). Compare Old Norse sveigr (“supple branch, headkerchief”), from a root meaning to twist or bend.

cog

A village and former municipality of Hoorn, North Holland, Netherlands


Kaukasus

Caucasus (mountain range, geographic region)


Reeth

First attested as redh towards the end of the 11th century. Perhaps derived from Old Dutch redh (“road, way”). Compare Rheden.

A hamlet in Overbetuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


oever

nl-noun

oever m (plural oevers, diminutive oevertje n)

oevers (plural)
oevertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oewer

From Middle Dutch oever, from Old Dutch *uovar, from Proto-Germanic *ōferaz. Cognate with German Ufer.

aan de oevers van de tijd / keek ik om me heen / ik wachtte aan de kant / aan de oevers van de tijd / en alles ging voorbij / verloor zijn naam / en spoelde aan

2005, “Aan de oevers van de tijd”, in Dagen van gras, dagen van stro, performed by Spinvis:

at the shores of time / I looked around me / I waited on the side / at the shores of time / and all went past / lost its name / and drifted ashore

bank (as in riverbank), shore (e.g. of a lake)


Dnipropetrovsk

From Ukrainian Дніпропетро́вськ (Dnipropetróvsʹk).

bor

Дніпропетро́вськ


Donetsk

Donetsk, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Lviv

From Ukrainian Львів (Lʹviv); the form in -ov is from Russian Львов (Lʹvov).

Lviv, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


laagland

nl-noun

laagland n (plural laaglanden, diminutive laaglandje n)

laaglanden (plural)
laaglandje (diminutive neuter)

Veel rijst wordt verbouwd in het laagland van Azië.

A lot of rice is grown in the lowland areas of Asia.

Het laagland is vaak gevoeliger voor overstromingen.

The lowland is often more susceptible to flooding.

Het laaglandje bij de rivier is een perfecte plek voor picknicken.

The small lowland area by the river is a perfect spot for picnicking.


hoogland

Afrikaans: hoogland

Het Schotse hoogland staat bekend om zijn ruige schoonheid.

The Scottish highland is known for its rugged beauty.

In het hoogland kan het weer snel veranderen.

The weather can change rapidly in the highland.

Veel traditionele culturen leven nog steeds in afgelegen hooglanden.

Many traditional cultures still live in remote highlands.


Filipijnen

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


klip

klip f (plural klippen, diminutive klipje n)

klippen (plural)
klipje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: klip

Negerhollands: klip, klep

→ Papiamentu: klep, klips

From Middle Dutch clippe, from Old Dutch *klippa, from Proto-Germanic *klippō.


Texel

First attested as tesla in 772 or 776. Ultimately from Old Dutch Tesla. Likely derived from (a compound of) Proto-Germanic *tehswô (“right, southern”). A derivation from *þehslô- (“adze”) (referring here to an adze-shaped elevated area or to the supposed adze-like shape of the island) is less likely. The spelling with x is due to influence of West Frisian Teksel.

inh

Meronyms: Bargen, De Cocksdorp, De Koog, Den Burg, De Nes, Den Hoorn, De Waal, De Westen, Dijkmanshuizen, Driehuizen, Harkebuurt, Het Noorden, Midden-Eierland, Molenbuurt, Nieuweschild, Noorderbuurt, Noord Haffel, Ongeren, Oost, Oosterend, Oudeschild, Spang, Spijkdorp, 't Horntje, Tienhoven, Westergeest, Westermient, Zevenhuizen, Zuid-Eierland, Zuid Haffel

Texel mijn eiland
 Mooi stukje Holland
 Bij jou voel ik mij van mijn zorgen bevrijd

(Can we date this quote?), Maarten Koorn, Texel mijn eiland:

Texel my island
 Fair piece of Holland
 By you I feel freed from my cares

An island and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands


Noord-Brabant

Meronyms: Alphen-Chaam; Altena; Asten; Baarle-Nassau; Bergeijk; Bergen op Zoom; Bernheze; Best; Bladel; Boekel; Boxtel; Breda; Cranendonck; Deurne; Dongen; Drimmelen; Eersel; Eindhoven; Etten-Leur; Geertruidenberg; Geldrop-Mierlo; Gemert-Bakel; Gilze en Rijen; Goirle; Halderberge; Heeze-Leende; Helmond; Heusden; Hilvarenbeek; Laarbeek; Land van Cuijk; Loon op Zand; Maashorst; Meierijstad; Moerdijk; Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten; Oirschot; Oisterwijk; Oosterhout; Oss; Reusel-De Mierden; Roosendaal; Rucphen; 's-Hertogenbosch; Sint-Michielsgestel; Someren; Son en Breugel; Steenbergen; Tilburg; Valkenswaard; Veldhoven; Vught; Waalre; Waalwijk; Woensdrecht; Zundert

North Brabant, a province of the Netherlands


Noord-Holland

desc

→ French: Hollande-Septentrionale (calque)

→ Italian: Olanda Settentrionale (calque)

→ Latin: Hollandia Septentrionalis (calque)

→ Portuguese: Holanda do Norte (calque)

→ Spanish: Holanda Septentrional (calque)

Meronyms: Aalsmeer, Alkmaar, Amstelveen, Amsterdam, Bergen, Beverwijk, Blaricum, Bloemendaal, Castricum, Den Helder, Diemen, Dijk en Waard, Drechterland, Edam-Volendam, Enkhuizen, Gooise Meren, Haarlem, Haarlemmermeer, Heemskerk, Heemstede, Heiloo, Hilversum, Hollands Kroon, Hoorn, Huizen, Koggenland, Landsmeer, Laren, Medemblik, Oostzaan, Opmeer, Ouder-Amstel, Purmerend, Schagen, Stede Broec, Texel, Uitgeest, Uithoorn, Velsen, Waterland, Wijdemeren, Wormerland, Zaanstad, Zandvoort

North Holland, a province of the Netherlands


Zuid-Holland

Meronyms: Alblasserdam, Albrandswaard, Alphen aan den Rijn, Barendrecht, Bodegraven-Reeuwijk, Capelle aan den IJssel, Delft, Den Haag, Dordrecht, Goeree-Overflakkee, Gorinchem, Gouda, Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Hillegom, Hoeksche Waard, Kaag en Braassem, Katwijk, Krimpen aan den IJssel, Krimpenerwaard, Lansingerland, Leiden, Leiderdorp, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Lisse, Maassluis, Midden-Delfland, Molenlanden, Nieuwkoop, Nissewaard, Noordwijk, Oegstgeest, Papendrecht, Pijnacker-Nootdorp, Ridderkerk, Rijswijk, Rotterdam, Schiedam, Sliedrecht, Teylingen, Vlaardingen, Voorne aan Zee, Voorschoten, Waddinxveen, Wassenaar, Westland, Zoetermeer, Zoeterwoude, Zuidplas, Zwijndrecht

South Holland, a province of the Netherlands


Vlaams-Brabant

Meronyms: Aarschot, Affligem, Asse, Beersel, Begijnendijk, Bekkevoort, Bertem, Bever, Bierbeek, Boortmeerbeek, Boutersem, Diest, Dilbeek, Drogenbos, Galmaarden, Geetbets, Glabbeek, Gooik, Grimbergen, Haacht, Halle, Herent, Herne, Hoegaarden, Hoeilaart, Holsbeek, Huldenberg, Kampenhout, Kapelle-op-den-Bos, Keerbergen, Kortenaken, Kortenberg, Kraainem, Landen, Lennik, Leuven, Liedekerke, Linkebeek, Linter, Londerzeel, Lubbeek, Machelen, Meise, Merchtem, Opwijk, Oud-Heverlee, Overijse, Pepingen, Roosdaal, Rotselaar, Scherpenheuvel-Zichem, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, Steenokkerzeel, Ternat, Tervuren, Tielt-Winge, Tienen, Tremelo, Vilvoorde, Wemmel, Wezembeek-Oppem, Zaventem, Zemst, Zoutleeuw


Azië

nl-proper noun

Azië n (adjective Aziatisch, demonym Aziaat m or Aziatische f)

Aziatisch (adjective)
Aziaat (demonym masculine)
Aziatische (demonym feminine)

Ultimately from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā).


Californië

* (U.S. state) Probably borrowed from Spanish California. Although a borrowing from English is also possible, the word first appears in Dutch before widespread settlement in California by speakers of English.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Californië in 1867. Originally the name of a farmhouse or a similar building. Named after the U.S. state.
* (Horst aan de Maas) First attested as Californië in 1874. Originally the name of a farmhouse. Named after the U.S. state.

California (a state of the United States)

A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Wenen

Afrikaans: Wene

From Middle Dutch Wene, from Middle High German Wien(n)e, Win(n)e.


Kretenzer

nl-noun

Kretenzer m (plural Kretenzers, diminutive Kretenzertje n)

Kretenzers (plural)
Kretenzertje (diminutive neuter)


gletsjer

gletsjer m (plural gletsjers, diminutive gletsjertje n)

gletsjers (plural)
gletsjertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gletser

→ Indonesian: glètsêr

Borrowed from German Gletscher. First attested in the late 17th c. in the form gleser, then the spelling shifted to gletscher in the 18th c.


Winde

First attested as de winde in 1338. Perhaps derived from a term cognate to wenden (“turn, twist”), here referring to a riverbend.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Win.

A village in Tynaarlo, Drenthe, Netherlands


Galicië

From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)

Galicia (a historical region in Central Europe)


Ivano-Frankivsk

From Ukrainian Іва́но-Франкі́вськ (Iváno-Frankívsʹk).

bor

Іва́но-Франкі́вськ

Ivano-Frankivsk, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Kirovohrad

From Ukrainian Кіровогра́д (Kirovohrád).


Rivne

Rivne, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Ternopil

Ternopil, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Seoel

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Archipel

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Saba

Possibly derived from a shortening or misreading of Spanish San Cristóbal, the original name of the island.

An island and special municipality in the Netherlands in the Caribbean Sea


duin

nl-noun

duin f (plural duinen, diminutive duintje n)

duinen (plural)
duintje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: duin

From Middle Dutch dûne, from Old Dutch dūn, dūno, from Proto-West Germanic *dūnā, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold, rampart”).

unc

uncertain


binnenzee

nl-noun

binnenzee f (plural binnenzeeën, diminutive binnenzeetje n)

binnenzeeën (plural)
binnenzeetje (diminutive neuter)

inland sea (sea mostly enclosed by land)


Waddenzee

→ English: Wadden Sea (partial calque)

the Wadden Sea: a marginal sea stretching from the northern Netherlands to southwestern Denmark


Engelse

Engelse f (plural Engelsen, masculine Engelsman)


rif

rif n (plural riffen, diminutive rifje n)

riffen (plural)
rifje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: ref, rif

From Middle Dutch rif, ref, from Old Norse rif (literally “rib”), from Proto-Germanic *ribją.

reef: a chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water


rif

rif n (plural reven, diminutive rifje n)

reven (plural)
rifje (diminutive neuter)

(nautical) reef: an arrangement to reduce the area of a sail in a high wind


kloofdal

kloofdal n (plural kloofdalen, diminutive kloofdalletje n)

kloofdalen (plural)
kloofdalletje (diminutive neuter)

From kloof (“chasm, clough”) + dal (“valley”).


kwelder

nl-noun

kwelder f or m (plural kwelders, diminutive kweldertje n)

kwelders (plural)
kweldertje (diminutive neuter)

From kwellen (“to rise”) + -er. Cognate with German Quelle (“spring, well, source”).


Salomonseilanden

Compound of Salomon (“Solomon”) + -s- + eilanden (“islands”).

com

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Antigua en Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Saint Vincent en de Grenadines

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


ijsberg

nl-noun

ijsberg m (plural ijsbergen, diminutive ijsbergje n)

ijsbergen (plural)
ijsbergje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ysberg

→ Danish: isbjerg (calque)

desctree

→ English: iceberg
→ Azerbaijani: aysberq
→ French: iceberg
→ Spanish: iceberg
→ Portuguese: iceberg, icebergue, aicebergue (prescriptive)
→ Turkish: aysberg
→ Welsh: eisbyrg
→ Welsh: mynydd iâ (calque)
→ Welsh: rhewfryn (calque)

→ German: Eisberg (calque)
→ Azerbaijani: aysberq
→ Esperanto: glacimonto (calque)
→ Russian: а́йсберг (ájsberg)
→ Armenian: այսբերգ (aysberg)

→ Papiamentu: ijsberg, eisbèrg

→ West Frisian: iisberch (calque)

From Middle Dutch ijsberch, equivalent to ijs (“ice”) + berg (“mountain”).

iceberg (mountain-size mass of floating ice)


Australiër

nl-noun

Australiër m (plural Australiërs, diminutive Australiërtje n, feminine Australische)

Australiërs (plural)
Australiërtje (diminutive neuter)
Australische (feminine)

Australian (person from Australia or of Australian descent)


Laotiaan

Laotiaan m (plural Laotianen, diminutive Laotiaantje n, feminine Laotiaanse)

Laotianen (plural)
Laotiaantje (diminutive neuter)
Laotiaanse (feminine)

Laotian, inhabitant of Laos and/or person of Laotian descent


bergketen

bergketen f (plural bergketens, diminutive bergketentje n)

bergketens (plural)
bergketentje (diminutive neuter)

De Andes is een grote, langgerekte bergketen langs de westkust van Zuid-Amerika.

The Andes is a big, elongated mountain range along the west coast of South America.


gebergte

gebergte n (plural gebergten or gebergtes)

Afrikaans: gebergte

Jersey Dutch: xjebêrxte

From Middle Dutch geberchte. Equivalent to berg (“mountain”) + ge- -te.

De Pyreneeën zijn een gebergte, gelegen op de grens van Spanje en Frankrijk.

The Pyrenees are a mountain range, lying on the border between Spain and France.


Boliviaan

Boliviaan m (plural Bolivianen, diminutive Boliviaantje n, feminine Boliviaanse)

Bolivianen (plural)
Boliviaantje (diminutive neuter)
Boliviaanse (feminine)

Borrowed from Spanish boliviano, from Simón Bolívar.


vallei

vallei f or m (plural valleien, diminutive valleitje n)

valleien (plural)
valleitje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: falei


Venetië

From Middle Dutch Venegien. Equivalent to Veneet + -ië.


Heilige Stoel

De Heilige Stoel (canonical masculine)
in the case of the Holy See (invariable)

Calque of Latin Sancta Sedes (“Holy See”).
The toponym is Attested as Heiligenstoel in 1899. Named as a reference to the Holy See. Originally the name of a farm.

A neighborhood of Wijchen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Hollander

Hollander m (plural Hollanders, feminine Hollandse)

Hollanders (plural)
Hollandse (feminine)

Jersey Dutch: Hôl-läänder

→ Caribbean Hindustani: Holandar

From Middle Dutch hollander. Equivalent to Holland + -er.
The toponym is first attested in 1978 as Hollander. It is derived from the demonym and refers to the first inhabitant(s) of the settlement. Compare Brabander.

A hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Bahama's

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Comoren

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


Marshalleilanden

the proper noun Marshall + the plural of eiland 'island'

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Sao Tomé en Principe

Portuguese São Tomé (island named after the apostle Saint Thomas) + en 'and' + Portuguese Principe (island named after a Portuguese royal prince)

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


Guinee

From French Guinée, from Portuguese Guiné.


Speers

First attested as spaers in 1481. Borrowed from West Frisian Spears, potentially derived from Old Frisian Sparre (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.

A hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Washington D.C.

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Baskische

Baskische f (plural Baskischen, masculine Bask)


Oostenrijker

Oostenrijker m (plural Oostenrijkers, diminutive Oostenrijkertje n, feminine Oostenrijkse)

Oostenrijkers (plural)
Oostenrijkertje (diminutive neuter)
Oostenrijkse (feminine)

Austrian, member and/or descendant of the people of Austria


Eiland

* (Leudal) See also Limburgish Eilandj.
* (Maasgouw) First attested as Eyland in 1803-1820. Derived from eiland (“island”). See also Limburgish Eilandj.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Het Eyland of Swart ven in 1780. Derived from eiland (“island”). The name originally referred to a peninsula of solid land surrounded by peat bogs.

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Woensdrecht, North Brabant, Netherlands


Laren

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as lare in 1341. Derived from Middle Dutch laer (“intensively cultivated forest, forest pasture”).
* (Gelderland) First attested as lare in 1294-1295. Derived from Middle Dutch laer (“intensively cultivated forest, forest pasture”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Loarne, Laorne.

inh

A village and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands

A village and former municipality of Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


bergtop

nl-noun

bergtop m (plural bergtoppen, diminutive bergtopje n)

bergtoppen (plural)
bergtopje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of berg (“mountain”) + top (“top, summit”).

mountaintop, peak (the summit of a mountain)


morene

Borrowed from French moraine, from Savoyard Italian morena, from Franco-Provençal mor, morre (“muzzle, snout”), from Vulgar Latin *murrum.


Thailander

Thailander m or f (plural Thailanders, feminine Thailandse)

Thailanders (plural)
Thailandse (feminine)

Thai (inhabitant of Thailand; person of Thai descent)


Marokkaan

Marokkaan m (plural Marokkanen, diminutive Marokkaantje n, feminine Marokkaanse)

Marokkanen (plural)
Marokkaantje (diminutive neuter)
Marokkaanse (feminine)


Galilea

From Medieval Latin Galilea, from Ancient Greek Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (Gălīlaíā), from Hebrew גָּלִיל (galíl).
The hamlet was named after a former monastery.

A hamlet in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Praag

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Jacoba

Named for the settlement's location within the Jacobapolder and close proximity to the Jacobadijk; both locations are named after the daughter of the chief investor in the land reclamation projects which created them, Johan Pieter van den Brande.

A hamlet in Noord-Beveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Bosch

* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as silua in 1307. Derived from bos (“rising forest”).
* (former island) From bosch, obsolete spelling of bos (“rising forest”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of bos or from one of several toponyms.

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Electra

Attested as Electra in 1936. Named after a nearby electric pumphouse.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Elektra.

A hamlet in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Meers

First attested as Mers in 1803-1820. Derived from meers (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”).
See also Limburgish Maes.

A village in Stein, Limburg, Netherlands


Wals

First attested as wals in 1236. Etymology unknown. The toponym appears to be related to the adjective Waals (“Walloon, related to Wallonia”).

unk

unknown

Oude IJsselstreek
Oude IJsselstreek#English

A hamlet in Oude IJsselstreek, Gelderland, Netherlands


Perzisch

nl-adj

Perzisch (comparative Perzischer, superlative meest Perzisch or Perzischt)

Perzischer (comparative)
meest Perzisch (superlative)
Perzischt (superlative)
Perzisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Perzischer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Perzischt (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Perzischte (adverbial predicative superlative)
Perzische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Perzischere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Perzischte (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Perzisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Perzischer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Perzischte (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Perzische (indefinite plural positive)
Perzischere (comparative indefinite plural)
Perzischte (indefinite plural superlative)
Perzische (definite positive)
Perzischere (comparative definite)
Perzischte (definite superlative)
Perzisch (partitive positive)
Perzischers (comparative partitive)

Persian, Iranian, relating to Persia, its people and culture; mainly used for the periods before the Islamic Republic


lagune

nl-noun

lagune f (plural lagunes or lagunen, diminutive lagunetje n)

lagunes (plural)
lagunen (plural)
lagunetje (diminutive neuter)

From French lagune, from Venetan laguna, from Latin lacuna (“pond, hole”), from lacus (“pond, lake”). Doublet of lacune.


Amsterdammer

Amsterdammer m (plural Amsterdammers, diminutive Amsterdammertje n, feminine Amsterdamse)

Amsterdammers (plural)
Amsterdammertje (diminutive neuter)
Amsterdamse (feminine)


Catharijne

The municipality was named after a former fiefdom, which was named in turn after a monastery dedicated to Saint Catherine.

A former municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands


Poolse

Poolse f (plural Poolsen, masculine Pool)


Azerbeidzjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Spanjaard

Spanjaard m (plural Spanjaarden, diminutive Spanjaardje n, feminine Spaanse)

Spanjaarden (plural)
Spanjaardje (diminutive neuter)
Spaanse (feminine)

a Spaniard, person belonging to or descended from the (Romance) people of Spain


Ier

Ier m (plural Ieren, diminutive Iertje n, feminine Ierse)

Ieren (plural)
Iertje (diminutive neuter)
Ierse (feminine)


Belgische

Belgische f (plural Belgischen, masculine Belg)


Servië

nl-proper noun

Servië n (adjective Servisch, demonym Serviër m or Servische f)

Servisch (adjective)
Serviër (demonym masculine)
Servische (demonym feminine)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Amazone

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀμαζών (Amazṓn).


Argentijn

nl-noun

Argentijn m (plural Argentijnen, diminutive Argentijntje n, feminine Argentijnse)

Argentijnen (plural)
Argentijntje (diminutive neuter)
Argentijnse (feminine)


Duinkerke

From duin (“dune”) + kerke (“church”, variant of kerk).

com

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kerk</i>

Dunkirk (a town in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Libanese

nl-noun

Libanese f (plural Libanesen, masculine Libanees)


archipel

archipel m (plural archipels, diminutive archipelletje n)

archipels (plural)
archipelletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: argipel

Borrowed from French archipel, from Italian Arcipelago (“the Chief Sea, the Aegean Sea”), from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “leading”) + πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”). The Aegean (the Arcipelago) is a sea with many islands; by extension, the term an Arcipelago at first referred to any sea with many islands, then to the islands themselves.


Belgrado

From Southern Slavic (the Yugoslav or southern branch of Slavic languages), presently Beograd in Serbo-Croatian (variety Serbian), meaning “white castle” (after a fortress on the Danube), like most non-derivative translations.


Australische

Australian (female inhabitant of Australia)


Santa Rosa

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Rosa, the Spanish name of Saint Rose. The village was founded as a Catholic mission.


Straatsburg

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Kazak

nl-noun

Kazak m (plural Kazakken, diminutive Kazakje n, feminine Kazakse)

Kazakken (plural)
Kazakje (diminutive neuter)
Kazakse (feminine)


Brusselaar

Brusselaar m (plural Brusselaars, diminutive Brusselaartje n, feminine Brusselse)

Brusselaars (plural)
Brusselaartje (diminutive neuter)
Brusselse (feminine)

From Brussel (“Brussels”) + -aar (“-er”).

an inhabitant of Brussels, the capital city of the EU, Brabant (duchy and former province), Flanders (modern region) and Belgium

Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest

an inhabitant of the Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, the smallest of Belgium's three federative regions


Faeröer

nl-proper noun

de Faeröer pl (adjective Faeröers, demonym Faeröerder m or Faeröerse f)

de Faeröer (canonical plural)
Faeröers (adjective)
Faeröerder (demonym masculine)
Faeröerse (demonym feminine)

the Faroe Islands, a Danish Atlantic overseas territory comprising a group of North Sea islands, between Scotland, Iceland and Norway


Kazach

nl-noun

Kazach m (plural Kazachen, diminutive Kazachje n, feminine Kazachse)

Kazachen (plural)
Kazachje (diminutive neuter)
Kazachse (feminine)


Serviër

Serviër m (plural Serviërs, diminutive Serviërtje n, feminine Servische)

Serviërs (plural)
Serviërtje (diminutive neuter)
Servische (feminine)

an inhabitant of Serbia, formerly in Yugoslavia


Dalmatiër

Dalmatiër m (plural Dalmatiërs, diminutive Dalmatiërtje n)

Dalmatiërs (plural)
Dalmatiërtje (diminutive neuter)

an inhabitant of Dalmatia, an Adriatic coastal region, presently in Croatia


Sovjet-Unie

From sovjet (“Soviet”) + unie (“union”).


Georgiër

Georgiër m (plural Georgiërs, diminutive Georgiërtje n, feminine Georgische)

Georgiërs (plural)
Georgiërtje (diminutive neuter)
Georgische (feminine)

Georgian (person from the country of Georgia)


Luxemburger

Luxemburger m (plural Luxemburgers, diminutive Luxemburgertje n, feminine Luxemburgse)

Luxemburgers (plural)
Luxemburgertje (diminutive neuter)
Luxemburgse (feminine)

a Luxemburger, citizen or descendant of either territory or city named Luxemburg


Oekraïense

Oekraïense f (plural Oekraïensen, masculine Oekraïner)

Oekraïensen (plural)
Oekraïner (masculine)


Beiroet

From Middle Dutch baruth, later modified under influence of Arabic بَيْرُوت (bayrūt).


Moskou

The hamlet is first attested as Moscou in 1899. Originally the name of a farm separated by a canal from Petersburg.

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Jeruzalem

The neighbourhood is named after the city. The name was given in reference to the neighbourhood's white houses, which are vaguely reminiscent of houses in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

A neighbourhood of Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands


Parijse

Parijse f (plural Parijsen, masculine Parijzenaar)

Parijsen (plural)
Parijzenaar (masculine)


Nouméa

Nouméa (capital city of the French overseas territory New Caledonia)


Zeist

First attested as seist in 838. From Middle Dutch seist, of unknown etymology. One proposal derives the toponym from Proto-Indo-European *sagis (a plant species) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -t.
Compare Zeegse, Zeesse, Zeijen, Ziek, Seeste and Segeste.

unk

unknown

cog

Meronyms: Austerlitz, Bosch en Duin, Den Dolder, Huis ter Heide

A town and municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands


Siberië

Borrowed from Russian Сибирь (Sibirʹ), which derives in turn from the name of a Tatar fortress.
The hamlet in Drenthe is first attested as Siberien in 1851-1855. Named after the region in Russia. The settlement was named for its perceived remoteness.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is attested as Siberië in 1978. Named after the region in Russia. The settlement was named for its perceived remoteness.

A hamlet in Hoogeveen, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Nieuw-Amsterdam

→ English: New Amsterdam

* (colony) Compound of nieuw (“new”) + Amsterdam (Dutch port city in Holland).
* (Drenthe) First attested as Nieuw Amsterdam in 1853. Compound of nieuw (“new”) + Amsterdam. The settlement was constructed by a company from Amsterdam. See also Dutch Low Saxon Nei-Amsterdam.

A village in Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands


Amstel

From Middle Dutch amestelle. The second element is stelle (“place, position”).


Oekraïner

nl-noun

Oekraïner m (plural Oekraïners, diminutive Oekraïnertje n, feminine Oekraïense)

Oekraïners (plural)
Oekraïnertje (diminutive neuter)
Oekraïense (feminine)

Ukrainian (a native or inhabitant of Ukraine)


Praags

nl-adj

Praags (comparative Praagser, superlative meest Praags or Praagst)

Praagser (comparative)
meest Praags (superlative)
Praagst (superlative)
Praags (adverbial positive predicative)
Praagser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Praagst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Praagste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Praagse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Praagsere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Praagste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Praags (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Praagser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Praagste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Praagse (indefinite plural positive)
Praagsere (comparative indefinite plural)
Praagste (indefinite plural superlative)
Praagse (definite positive)
Praagsere (comparative definite)
Praagste (definite superlative)
Praags (partitive positive)
Praagsers (comparative partitive)

Praag 'Prague' (from German Prag, from Czech Praha) + genitive ending -s

of, from or related to the Czech capital Prague


Panamakanaal

From Panama (“Latin American country”) + kanaal (“canal”), calque of English Panama Canal (then still referring to hypothetical projects). First attested in the late 1850s.


Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea

From Papoea (“Papua”) + Nieuw-Guinea (“New Guinea”).

af

Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea deelt een enorm eiland met de Indonesische provincie Irian Jaya, dat z'n westelijke buur is
Papua New Guinea shares a huge island with the Indonesian privince Irian Jaya, which is its western neighbour

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Saudi-Arabië

From the Arabic given name (Saud) (notably the dynasty's progenitor) + Arabië 'Arabia'.

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Waal

From Proto-Germanic *Wahalaz, *Wahaliz, attested in Latin sources as vacalus, vahalis.

the Waal (a river and distributary of the Rhine that runs through the provinces of Gelderland and South Holland, Netherlands)


Waal

Derived from a variant of wiel (“kolk lake”).

A hamlet in Molenlanden, South Holland, Netherlands


Roemeense

nl-noun

Roemeense f (plural Roemeensen, masculine Roemeen)


Deense

Deense f (plural Deensen, masculine Deen)


Bulgaarse

Bulgaarse f (plural Bulgaarsen, masculine Bulgaar)

Bulgarian (female inhabitant of Bulgaria)


bergrug

bergrug m (plural bergruggen, diminutive bergruggetje n)

bergruggen (plural)
bergruggetje (diminutive neuter)

a mountain-ridge, (line/view formed by) a (chain of) mountain top(s)


Egeïsche Zee

De Egeïsche Zee is een mijnenveld van territoriale betwistigen tussen oeverstaten Griekenland en Turkije betreffende Egeïsche eilanden en omliggende wateren.

The Aegean Sea is a minefield of territorial disputes between the coastal states Greece and Turkey concerning Aegean islands and their surrounding waters.

the Aegean Sea, the northeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea


Adriatische Zee

the Adriatic Sea, part of the Mediterranean stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Gulf of Venice


Noor

Noor m (plural Noren, diminutive Noortje n, feminine Noorse)

Noren (plural)
Noortje (diminutive neuter)
Noorse (feminine)

From Germanic, shortened from Noorman (“Norseman”), from German normand. Equivalent to noord (“north”) + man.

a Norwegian, member or descendant of the (Germanic) people of Norway


IJslander

IJslander m (plural IJslanders, diminutive IJslandertje n, feminine IJslandse)

IJslanders (plural)
IJslandertje (diminutive neuter)
IJslandse (feminine)

an Icelander, member or descendant of the people of Iceland

an Icelandic horse, a small, sturdy and longhaired breed of horse


Katanga

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

A region in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, originally conquered by the Congo Free State (owned by the Belgian king, not his European state) but administered as a corporate mining concession


heuvelrug

heuvelrug m (plural heuvelruggen, diminutive heuvelruggetje n)

heuvelruggen (plural)
heuvelruggetje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈɦøː.vəlˌrʏx/

Compound of heuvel (“hill”) + rug (“ridge, back”).


Kaap de Goede Hoop

Cape of Good Hope
Cape of Good Hope#English:_Q4092

Cape of Good Hope (a headland in southwestern South Africa, near Cape Town)


Sicilië

Ultimately from Latin Sicilia, from Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía).

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Silezië

Borrowed from German Schlesien, subsequently altered under influence of Latin Silesia.

Silesia (a historical region in Central Europe, shared between the Czech Republic and Poland)


Israëlische

Israëlische f (plural Israëlischen, masculine Israëli)

Israëlischen (plural)
Israëli (masculine)


Kaapstad

Compound of kaap (“cape”) + stad (“city, town”), referring to Kaap de Goede Hoop (“Cape of Good Hope”).


Maris

First attested as groitmaris in 1402. Derived from Proto-Germanic *mariska- (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”). The toponym was later reinterpreted as Middle Dutch marasc (“wetland, swamp”).

inh

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Hongaar

nl-noun

Hongaar m (plural Hongaren, diminutive Hongaartje n, feminine Hongaarse)

Hongaren (plural)
Hongaartje (diminutive neuter)
Hongaarse (feminine)

a Hungarian, member or descendant of the population of Hungary


zandstrand

zandstrand n (plural zandstranden, diminutive zandstrandje n)

zandstranden (plural)
zandstrandje (diminutive neuter)

Coordinate term: kiezelstrand


Kogge

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Linden

First attested as lynen in 1400. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from the dative plural form of linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”) or from a hydronym. Compare Lienden, Lijnden, Linne and Linschoten.

A village and former municipality of Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kaapprovincie

Compound of kaap (“cape (as in Kaap de Goede Hoop (“Cape of Goof Hope”))”) + provincie (“province”).

compound

cape (as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">Kaap de Goede Hoop</i> (“Cape of Goof Hope”))

A province of South Africa. Capital: Cape Town

one of four constitutive provinces in the colonial and Apartheid era

one of more after the dismantling of Apartheid


Frans-Guyana

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Zwitserse

nl-noun

Zwitserse f (plural Zwitsersen, masculine Zwitser)

Swiss (female inhabitant of Switzerland)


Lombok

Borrowed from Indonesian Lombok.
All neighbourhoods are named after the island in Indonesia, either directly or indirectly.

A neighborhood of Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Brummen, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands


Buchten

First attested as Butines in 1031. Derived from dialectal buchten (“enclosure, enclosed pasture”). Compare Grevenbicht and Obbicht.
See also Limburgish Buchte.

A village in Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


West-Australië

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Western Australia (a state of Australia)


Eckart

First attested as curtim apud tongerle dictam eykart in 1312. Compound of Middle Dutch eek (“oak, Quercus sp.”) and aard (“agricultural land, farmland”). Formerly an independent hamlet.

A neighbourhood of Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Samoaans

Samoaans (adverbial positive predicative)
Samoaanse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Samoaans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Samoaanse (indefinite plural positive)
Samoaanse (definite positive)
Samoaans (partitive positive)


Dronten

Attested as Dronten in 1950. Named after a former area near Kampen, which in turn probably derives from Middle Dutch dronten (“swell up, rise up”), here referring to alluvial land.

inh

Meronyms: Biddinghuizen, Ketelhaven, Roggebotsluis, Swifterbant

Dronten (a village and municipality of Flevoland, Netherlands)


Nigeriaan

nl-noun

Nigeriaan m (plural Nigerianen, diminutive Nigeriaantje n, feminine Nigeriaanse)

Nigerianen (plural)
Nigeriaantje (diminutive neuter)
Nigeriaanse (feminine)


Nigeriaanse

a female person from Nigeria; feminine form of Nigeriaan


Ruinen

First attested as de runa in 1139. Etymology unknown. Proposed derivations from Old Dutch *rûne (“small valley”), a hydronym or a personal name all fail to provide a satisfactory etymology.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Rune.

unk

unknown

A village and former municipality of De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Schoten

First attested as scatan in 1125-1130. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch skōta (“piece of land which juts upwards”).

inh

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Haarlem, North Holland, Netherlands


Marken

First attested as markerhoefde in 1345. Derived from the plural form of Middle Dutch marke (“border, borderland”) (modern mark).

A village, former island, and former municipality of Waterland, North Holland, Netherlands


Marken

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


schor

nl-noun

schor m or f (plural schorren, diminutive schorretje n)

schorren (plural)
schorretje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch schorre, from Old Dutch *skora; see scheren (“to shave”).

a plain or marsh formed by silt deposits unprotected by any dykes


Rosengarten

First attested as Rosen Garten in 1838-1857. Derived from German Rosengarten (“rose garden”). Named after a farmhouse.

A hamlet in Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


Belfort

Derived from belfort (“belfry, clock tower”).

A neighbourhood of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands


Turkmeen

Turkmeen m (plural Turkmenen, feminine Turkmeense)

Turkmenen (plural)
Turkmeense (feminine)


Brabander

Brabander m (plural Brabanders, diminutive Brabandertje n, feminine Brabantse)

Brabanders (plural)
Brabandertje (diminutive neuter)
Brabantse (feminine)

From Middle Dutch brabandere, also brabantere, equivalent to Brabant + -er. The change from -t- to -d- is unexpected.
The toponym is first attested in 1869 as den Brabander and derives from the demonym. It refers to (one of) the first settlers of the hamlet. Compare Hollander.

A neighbourhood of Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Peel

A region of the Netherlands located in Noord-Brabant and Limburg


Meierij

A region of the Netherlands located south of 's-Hertogenbosch


Haspel

First attested as HASPEL (DE) in 1844. Derived from haspel (“yarn winch”). Named after a winch-shaped bend made by the nearby Grift river.

Utrechtse Heuvelrug
Utrechtse Heuvelrug#English

A hamlet in Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Utrecht, Netherlands


Engelsman

Engelsman m (plural Engelsen, diminutive Engelsmannetje n, feminine Engelse)

Engelsen (plural)
Engelsmannetje (diminutive neuter)
Engelse (feminine)

Afrikaans: Engelsman

From Engels + man, cognate to Englishman.


Haarlem

→ English: Harlem

First attested as haralem in 918-948. Compound of the personal name Old Dutch Harala or Old Dutch *Harila and hēm (“home, settlement”).

Meronyms: Spaarndam-West, Zuid-Schalkwijk

Haarlem (a city, municipality, and capital of North Holland, Netherlands)


Haarlemmer

Haarlemmer m (plural Haarlemmers, diminutive Haarlemmertje n)

Haarlemmers (plural)
Haarlemmertje (diminutive neuter)


Bandung

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia)


Romein

Romein m (plural Romeinen, diminutive Romeintje n, feminine Romeinse)

Romeinen (plural)
Romeintje (diminutive neuter)
Romeinse (feminine)

From Middle Dutch romein, from Old French Romain, from Latin rōmānus.

(historical) a Roman (citizen or subject of the Roman Empire)


Romeinse

Romeinse f (plural Romeinsen, masculine Romein)


Hongaarse

Hongaarse f (plural Hongaarsen, masculine Hongaar)


Breukelen

→ English: Brooklyn

First attested as bruklede in 1130-1161. Compound of Old Dutch bruok (“marsh, marshland”) and lētha (“excavated or canalised watercourse”).

A village and former municipality of Stichtse Vecht, Utrecht, Netherlands


Egyptenaar

Egyptenaar m (plural Egyptenaren, diminutive Egyptenaartje n, feminine Egyptenares)

Egyptenaren (plural)
Egyptenaartje (diminutive neuter)
Egyptenares (feminine)

From Egypte (“Egypt”) + -n- + -aar or Egypten (obsolete form of Egypte) + -aar.

suf

obsolete form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">Egypte</i>


Peruaan

nl-noun

Peruaan m (plural Peruanen, diminutive Peruaantje n, feminine Peruaanse)

Peruanen (plural)
Peruaantje (diminutive neuter)
Peruaanse (feminine)


Turkse

Turkse f (plural Turksen, masculine Turk)


Buren

* (Gelderland) First attested as buria in 772. Derived from Proto-Germanic *bûrja- (“stable, outbuilding, barn, hut”). Compare Old Frisian bêre (“barn, house”).
* (Friesland) Potentially attested as buren around the end of the 11th century, attested with certainty as buren in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Buren, derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian buer (“house, cottage”). See also West Frisian Bueren.
* (Overijssel) First attested as buren in 1188. Derived from the dative plural form of Middle Dutch buur (“dwelling, cottage”).

inh

Meronyms: Aalst, Asch, Beusichem, Bontemorgen, Buurmalsen, De Bosjes, De Heuvel, De Mars, Eck en Wiel, Erichem, Essebroek, Ganzert, Hoog Kana, Hoogmeien, Ingen, Kerk-Avezaath, Klinkenberg, Leutes, Lienden, Luchtenburg, Lutterveld, Maurik, Meerten, Meertenwei, Ommeren, Ommerenveld, Ravenswaaij, Rijswijk, Tweesluizen, Zandberg, Zevenmorgen, Zoelen, Zoelmond, Zwarte Paard

Buren (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)

A village in Ameland, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Hengelo, Overijssel, Netherlands


Sjanghai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Eindhoven

First attested as endehouen in 1232. Derived from a compound of eind (“end, edge”) and the dative plural form of hof (“farmstead, homestead”).

Meronyms: Acht, Blaarthem, Bokt, Gennep, Gestel, Nieuw Acht, Philipsdorp, Riel, Sliffert, Strijp, 't Coll, Tongelre, Urkhoven, Woensel

Eindhoven (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Tsjecho-Slowakije

Afrikaans: Tsjeggo-Slowakye


Schot

nl-noun

Schot m (plural Schotten, diminutive Schotje n, feminine Schotse)

Schotten (plural)
Schotje (diminutive neuter)
Schotse (feminine)


Iraans

Iraans (adverbial positive predicative)
Iraanser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Iraanst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Iraanste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Iraanse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Iraansere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Iraanste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Iraans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Iraanser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Iraanste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Iraanse (indefinite plural positive)
Iraansere (comparative indefinite plural)
Iraanste (indefinite plural superlative)
Iraanse (definite positive)
Iraansere (comparative definite)
Iraanste (definite superlative)
Iraans (partitive positive)
Iraansers (comparative partitive)


Iraniër

Iraniër m (plural Iraniërs, diminutive Iraniërtje n, feminine Iraanse)

Iraniërs (plural)
Iraniërtje (diminutive neuter)
Iraanse (feminine)

an Iranian (person from Iran or of Iranian descent)


Nieuw-Zeelander

Nieuw-Zeelander m (plural Nieuw-Zeelanders, diminutive Nieuw-Zeelandertje n, feminine Nieuw-Zeelandse)

Nieuw-Zeelanders (plural)
Nieuw-Zeelandertje (diminutive neuter)
Nieuw-Zeelandse (feminine)


Kroatische

Kroatische f (plural Kroatischen, masculine Kroaat)


Oranje

From Middle French Orange, which later became associated with the colour oranje (“orange”).
The village in Drenthe is first attested as Oranje in 1936. It was named after a nearby potato flour factory, which was named in turn after the nearby Oranjekanaal canal. Compare Oranjedorp.

A village in Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Helden

First attested as apud helden in 1144. Derived from Old Dutch helde (“slope, incline”).

A village and former municipality of Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Slowaakse

Slowaakse f (plural Slowaaksen, masculine Slowaak)


Rossum

* (Gelderland) First attested as in rotheheym in 893. Compound of Old Dutch rotha (“land cleared of trees”) and heem (“home, settlement”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as in rohthem in the late 10th century. Compound of Old Dutch rot (“land cleared of trees”) and heem (“home, settlement”).

inh

A village and former municipality of Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village in Dinkelland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Midden-Oosten

(geopolitical) Middle East (a region comprising West Asia along with Egypt)


Bissen

First attested as Beisen in 1803-1820. Etymology unknown. Not derived from Old Dutch Bisso (a personal name).
See also Limburgish Bisse.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Bondsrepubliek Duitsland

Audio

Calque of German Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

calque

Federal Republic of Germany
Federal Republic of Germany


Epen

First attested as apine in 1041. Likely derived from Old Dutch *apa (“river, current”). A derivation from iep (“elm, Ulmus sp.”) is less likely.
See also Limburgish Ieëpe.

A village in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Noordrijn-Westfalen

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia


Saks

nl-noun

Saks m (plural Saksen, diminutive Saksje n, feminine Saksische)

Saksen (plural)
Saksje (diminutive neuter)
Saksische (feminine)

Borrowed from German Sachse. The inherited cognate is the dated and now rare Sas.


Mecklenburg-Voor-Pommeren

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania


Sint-Petersburg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918)


Denpasar

Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia)


Iraanse

Iraanse f (plural Iraansen, masculine Iraniër)


Servische

Servische f (plural Servischen, masculine Serviër)

Serb, Serbian (female inhabitant of Serbia)


Boliviaanse

Boliviaanse f (plural Boliviaansen, masculine Boliviaan)

Boliviaansen (plural)
Boliviaan (masculine)


Sint Maarten

* (island and country) Named after Saint Martin of Tours.
* (village) First attested as niwelant in 1289. Named after Saint Martin of Tours.

Sint-Maarten (part of the island of Saint Martin; a dependent territory and constituent country of the Netherlands, located in the Caribbean Sea)

A village and former municipality of Schagen, North Holland, Netherlands


Srebrenica

Nederlandse troepen hadden in het kader van de Verenigde Naties in een aantal gebieden rond de stad Srebrenica de veiligheid van de (overwegend uit moslims bestaande) bevolkering tijdens de Bosnische burgeroorlog moeten waarborgen, maar zij hadden in 1995 niet weten te verhinderen dat duizenden moslims door (christelijke) Servische Bosniërs werden vermoord. […] Kok wilde met zijn aftreden 'op een zichtbare manier verantwoordelijkheid nemen tegenover de slachtoffers en nabestaanden van Srebrenica'.

2006, Parlement en kiezer: jaarboek zittingsjaar, G. G. J. Thissen, →ISBN, page 213:

In a number of areas around the town of Srebrenica, Dutch troops under a United Nations framework were supposed to ensure the safety of the population (consisting predominantly of Muslims) during the Bosnian civil war, but in 1995 they were not able to prevent thousands of Muslims being murdered by (Christian) Serbian Bosnians. […] Kok wanted, by his resignation, to "in a visible way take responsibility towards the victims and survivors of Srebrenica".

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Srebrenica (a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Ede

Potentially attested as in uilla heoa in 838, attested with certainty as de edhe in 1216. Difficult to interpret. Proposed derivations from a hydronym Ee (derived in turn from aa (“watercourse”)), heide (“heath, heathland”), Old Dutch Edo (a personal name) and ede (“turf”) either do not match the oldest attestations or are phonologically or morphologically unsatisfactory. Compare Eede, Een and Oud-Ade.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ee.

Meronyms: Bennekom, Deelen, De Ginkel, De Kade, De Klomp, De Kraats, De Valk, Doesburgerbuurt, Driesprong, Ederveen, Eschoten, Harskamp, Hoekelum, Hoog-Baarlo, Lunteren, Manen, Meulunteren, Mossel, Nederwoud, Nergena, Nieuw-Reemst, Otterlo, Oud-Reemst, Overwoud, Roekel, Walderveen, Wekerom, Westeneng

Ede (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Ethiopiër

Ethiopiër m (plural Ethiopiërs, diminutive Ethiopiërtje n, feminine Ethiopische)

Ethiopiërs (plural)
Ethiopiërtje (diminutive neuter)
Ethiopische (feminine)


Duffel

From Middle Dutch 1059 Duffla, from Latin dubro + locus (“place”), from Gaulish dubrum, from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”).

Meronyms: Itterbeek, Mijlstraat


Haïtiaan

Haïtiaan m (plural Haïtianen, diminutive Haïtiaantje n, feminine Haïtiaanse)

Haïtianen (plural)
Haïtiaantje (diminutive neuter)
Haïtiaanse (feminine)


Catalaanse

Catalaanse f (plural Catalaansen, masculine Catalaan)

Catalaansen (plural)
Catalaan (masculine)


ik heb honger

[ɪk ɦɛp ˈɦɔŋər]


hebt u een menu in het Engels

do you have a menu in English
do you have a menu in English


ik ben allergisch voor noten

I'm allergic to nuts
I'm allergic to nuts


Somaliër

Somaliër m (plural Somaliërs, diminutive Somaliërtje n, feminine Somalische)

Somaliërs (plural)
Somaliërtje (diminutive neuter)
Somalische (feminine)


Meeren

First attested as in de Meeren in 1803. Derived from the plural form of meer (“pond, pool”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Jalta

From Ukrainian Я́лта (Jálta) / Russian Я́лта (Jálta).


Nijmegen

From Middle Dutch Nieumeghen, Nimeghen, from Latin Noviomagus, the short form of Ulpia Noviomagus Batavōrum. Compare Neumagen.

Meronyms: Koudenhoek, Lent, Ooyse Schependom

Nijmegen (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Moezel

From Old High German Muosela or directly from Old Dutch [Term?], from Latin Mosella. For the vocalism, compare other Franconian lects, e.g. Luxembourgish Musel.

The Moselle river (a river in France, Luxembourg and Germany)


Veluwe

* (region) Derived from Proto-Germanic *falwaz (“pale, yellowish, fallow”) and *awjō (“island”). The name corresponds to "fallow lands" in English and probably was used in opposition to the fertile "good lands" of the Betuwe (from Proto-Germanic *bataz (“good”) and *awjō (“island”)) to the south.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as de Veluwe in 1958. A mocking nickname applied to the sandy area on which the hamlet sprung up.

inh

A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands


kolchoz

From Russian колхо́з (kolxóz), contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство (kollektívnoje xozjájstvo, “collective farm, household”).


Schiphol

The word Sciphol first appears in old documents from around 1450 and refers to a specific marshy area where people could go to gather wood, on which Schiphol Airport was eventually built. Schip Holl dates from the 15th century and combines the Gothic words ‘Skip’ (meaning wood, timber) and Holl (low-lying land).https://news.schiphol.com/the-origin-of-schiphol/

Schiphol, the airport of the city of Amsterdam, and the main international airport of the Netherlands


zandbank

nl-noun

zandbank m (plural zandbanken, diminutive zandbankje n)

zandbanken (plural)
zandbankje (diminutive neuter)

17th century or earlier. Compound of zand + bank.


Micronesië

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) en νῆσος (nêsos, “island”).

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Melanesië

From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.


Zuid-Soedan

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Soedanees

Soedanees m (plural Soedanezen, diminutive Soedaneesje n, feminine Soedanese)

Soedanezen (plural)
Soedaneesje (diminutive neuter)
Soedanese (feminine)

a Sudanese person, an inhabitant of Sudan


Kamp

* (Beekdaelen)
* (Bergen) First attested as van de Kamp in 1715. Derived from kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
* (Flevoland) Attested as Kamp in 1994. Derived from kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
The surname is derived from one of the senses of kamp or from one of the toponyms.

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Bergen, Limburg, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Zwitser

Zwitser m (plural Zwitsers, diminutive Zwitsertje n)

Zwitsers (plural)
Zwitsertje (diminutive neuter)


Botter

Derived from botter (“type of fishing vessel”).


Beilen

First attested as bele in 1139. Etymology uncertain. Tentatively linked to Proto-Germanic *bagil- (“swamp, marsh”).

A village and former municipality of Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Ee

First attested as ee in 1450. Originally a hydronym derived from Old Frisian ē (“watercourse, stream”). The Dutch version of the toponym derives from an older version of the Frisian name.

A village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Hee

First attested as heed in the 15th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hee, potentially derived from Old Frisian *hede (“anchorage”).

A hamlet in Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands


Pernis

First attested as pernesse in 1250. Compound of Middle Dutch perre (“enclosed space”) and nesse (“headland, spit”).

A village and former municipality of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands


Wit-Rus

Wit-Rus m (plural Wit-Russen, diminutive Wit-Rusje n, feminine Wit-Russische)

Wit-Russen (plural)
Wit-Rusje (diminutive neuter)
Wit-Russische (feminine)


Tivoli

* (Eindhoven) First attested as Tivoli in 1936. Indirectly derived from Italian Tivoli. Named after a former café, which in turn was named after the Parisian Jardin de Tivoli.
* (Tilburg)

A neighbourhood of Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands


Almen

First attested as almen in 1188. Likely derived from Middle Dutch olm (“elm, Ulmus”). Compare Almelo.

A village in Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


Well

* (Gelderland) First attested as vualli in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from Old Dutch walli (“well”) or welle.
* (Limburg) First attested with certainty as welle in 1251. Likely derived from Old Dutch welle (“well”). An opposing theory proposes a derivation from Middle Dutch welle (“embankment”).

A village in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village in Bergen, Limburg, Netherlands


Bong

* (Peel en Maas) First attested as Boyck and Boijnct in 1506. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch boede (“cottage, shed”) suffixed with -ing.
* (Venlo) First attested as Bonger Heide in 1803-1820. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch boede (“cottage, shed”) suffixed with -ing.

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Genk

Meronyms: Bokrijk, Boxbergheide, Camerlo, Hoevenzavel, Kolderbos, Langerlo, Nieuw-Texas, Sledderlo, Terboekt, Termien, Waterschei, Winterslag, Zwartberg

Genk (a city and municipality of Belgium)


Tin

Attested as Tin in 1899. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from tinne (“battlement”) or from tin (“metal pen”), potentially referring to a tapering piece of land.

unk

uncertain

A hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Brandt

First attested as de Brand in 1838-1857. Derived from brand (“place where something has burned down”).
See also Limburgish Brandj.

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Nuenen

First attested as nune in 1238. Etymology unknown. A proposed derivation from a compound of nieuw (“new”) and heem (“home, settlement”) is not backed up by the oldest attestations.

unknown

Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten
Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten#English

A village in Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten, North Brabant, Netherlands


's-Hertogenbosch

First attested as de nouo opido super siluam juxta orten in 1196. From older des hertogen bosch (“the duke's forest”). Attested in the 13th century Latin as buscum ducis.

Meronyms: Bokhoven, Bruggen, Deuteren, Dieskant, Empel, Engelen, Gewande, Heeseind, Hintham, Kaathoven, Kruisstraat, Lagekant, Maliskamp, Meerwijk, Nuland, Oud-Empel, Rosmalen, Schotsheuvel, Vinkel

's-Hertogenbosch (a city, municipality, and capital of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Eersel

From Middle Dutch Eersele, from Old Dutch Ereslo (also Eresloch in a record from Echternach), a compound derived from Old Dutch *Ari (a personal name) and lō, the latter identical to modern lo (“light forest”). Compare Eerschot.

Meronyms: Bijsterveld, Boksheide, De Hees, De Hoef, Donk, Driehuis, Driehuizen, Duizel, Het Heike, Hoekdries, Hoogstraat, Knegsel, Kreiel, Maaskant, Meer, Meerven, Molenveld, Mosik, Mostheuvel, Rietven, Schadewijk, Sneidershoek, Spijkert, Steensel, Stevert, Stokkelen, Veneind, Vessem, Wintelre, Wolfshoek

A village and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Fortuna

Borrowed from Papiamentu Fortuna, derived in turn from the toponym Fortuyn, which referred to a plot of land.


Leek

First attested as dye leeck in 1495. Derived from Old Frisian leke (“natural watercourse”). Originally a hydronym.

der

A village and former municipality of Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Palembang

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia)


Nijl

Ultimately from Latin Nīlus, from Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos), of Semitic origin.


Dode Zee

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


Anatolië

Ultimately from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ).


Umbrië

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Best

First attested as est in 1307. Etymology unknown. One proposal links the toponym to bast (“bark, rind”) with collectivising suffix -t, but it is impossible to conclusively prove or disprove this hypothetical etymology.

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Aarle, Batadorp, Vleut

A town and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Manen

First attested as parochia manen at the end of the 13th century. Etymology unknown. A derivation from made (“hayfield, meadow”) is not supported by the oldest attestations. A derivation from Middle Dutch maen (“poppy, Papaver sp.”) is equally unsupported.

unknown

cog

A hamlet in Ede, Gelderland, Netherlands


klif

nl-noun

klif n (plural kliffen, diminutive klifje n)

kliffen (plural)
klifje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch clef, clif, from Old Dutch *klif, from Proto-West Germanic *klib, from Proto-Germanic *klibą.


Brummen

First attested as brimnum in 794. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps a dative plural derivation from Old Dutch brim (“edge, bank”), from Proto-Germanic *brimą. A composite derivation from brim and heem (“home, settlement”) is impossible. Compare Borssele.

Meronyms: Broek, Coldenhove, Cortenoever, Eerbeek, Empe, Hall, Leuvenheim, Oeken, Rhienderen, Tonden, Voorstonden

Brummen (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Utrechter

Utrechter m (plural Utrechters, diminutive Utrechtertje n)

Utrechters (plural)
Utrechtertje (diminutive neuter)


Driehoek

* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as de Sambeeksche Hoek in 1838-1857. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”). Named after a triangle formed by several intersecting roads.
* (Moerdijk) First attested as den Driehoek in 1838-1857. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”). Named after a triangular piece of farmland.
* (Son en Breugel) First attested as Driehoek in 1865. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”).
* (Zundert) First attested as Driehoek (De) in 1899. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Moerdijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Son en Breugel, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Zundert, North Brabant, Netherlands


tafelberg

tafelberg m (plural tafelbergen, diminutive tafelbergje n)

tafelbergen (plural)
tafelbergje (diminutive neuter)

From Tafelberg, equivalent to tafel (“table”) + berg (“mountain”).


Veulen

First attested as Vairloe in 1590. Potentially a compound of voor (“before, in front of”) and lo (“light forest”).

A village in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Belt

Attested as De Belt in 1839-1859. Derived from dialectal belt (“small hill, slightly elevated place”).

A hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Sint Eustatius

An island and special municipality in the Netherlands in the Caribbean Sea


Warten

First attested as wartena in 1412. Borrowed from West Frisian Wartena, derived in turn from Old Frisian Wartena (a surname). Compare Warga.

A village in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Woold

First attested in 1284 as in silva. Derived from Old Dutch wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

der

A hamlet in Winterswijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Rande

First attested as de rathnon in 1046. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps derived from a term cognate to Old Norse rot (“row”), Middle Low German rat (“row”). Compare Ratum.

A hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands


Barber

Derived from Barbara (a personal name). Named after Barbare Exteen, the owner of the plantation which the village developed around.


wereldzee

nl-noun

wereldzee f (plural wereldzeeën, diminutive wereldzeetje n)

wereldzeeën (plural)
wereldzeetje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of wereld (“world”) + zee (“sea”). Compare German Weltmeer, Swedish världshav.

com+

all of the Earth's oceans and major seas


Halte

First attested as aan Halte in 1881-1882. Derived from halte (“stop”). Named after a former station on the Helmond-Venlo railway line.

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heers

First attested as herle in the first quarter of the 13th century. Potentially derived from a diminutive form of haar (“sandy ridge”), which derives from Proto-Germanic *harugaz (“grove, sanctuary, halidom”).

der

A hamlet in Veldhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Spangen

First attested as spange in 1325. Derived from the hydronym Spange, of unknown etymology. Not derived from Middle Dutch Spaengen (“Spain”). Compare Spanbroek, Spang, Spanga and Spannum.

A neighbourhood of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands


Lerop

First attested as liethorp in 943. Compound of an uncertain first element and Old Dutch thorp (“village, settlement”). The first elemented has been linked to Proto-Germanic *leuta (“duplicitous”), although this reading poses semantic difficulties. Compare Lierop.
See also Limburgish Lieërop.

A hamlet in Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


Pax

Derived from Latin pax (“peace”). Named after a former farmhouse.

A neighbourhood of Haarlemmermeer, North Holland, Netherlands


Tilburg

First attested as tilliburgis in 709. Compound of Old Dutch tilli (“new agricultural land”) and burg (“fortified settlement, castle”). Compare Thull, Tiel, Tuil and Tull en 't Waal.

inh

Meronyms: Bakertand, Berkeind, Berkel-Enschot, Berkhoek, Biezenmortel, Brem, De Kraan, Hazennest, Heuveltje, Heikant, Hooghout, Koningshoeven, Kouwenberg, Loonse Hoek, Moerenburg, Quirijnstok, Rugdijk, Schoorstraat, 't Hoekske, 't Winkel, Udenhout, Vijfhuizen, Zandkant

Tilburg (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)