Mexico

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Japan

> Afrikaans: Japan (inherited)

→ Arabic: اليابان (al-yābān)

desctree

→ Danish: Japan
→ Faroese: Japan
→ Icelandic: Japan

⇒ English: Japan, Giapan (obsolete), Japonia (obsolete), Japon (obsolete)
> Tok Pisin: Siapan (inherited)
→ Bengali: জাপান (japan)
→ Burmese: ဂျပန် (gya.pan)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जापान (jāpān)
→ Dhivehi: ޖާފާނު (jāfānu)
Urdu: جاپان (jāpān)
→ Irish: Seapáin
→ Marathi: जपान (japān)
→ Marshallese: Jepaan
→ Persian:
Dari: جَاپَان (jāpān)
⇒ Samoan: Iapani
→ Tamil: ஜப்பான் (jappāṉ)
→ Telugu: జపాను (japānu)
→ Welsh: Japan
→ Welsh: Siapan
→ Yoruba: Jèpáànì

→ German: Japan
→ Ladin: Iapan
→ Estonian: Jaapan
→ Finnish: Japani
→ Hungarian: Japán
→ Latvian: Japāna
→ Norwegian: Japan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: Јапан
Latin script: Japan
→ Yiddish: יאַפּאַן (yapan)
→ Hebrew: יפן (yapan)

→ Swedish: Japan

→ West Frisian: Japan

From Malay Jepang / Jepun, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, literally “sun origin”).


Finland

nl-proper noun

Finland n (adjective Fins or Finlands, demonym Fin m or Finlander m or Finse f or Finlandse f)

Fins (adjective)
Finlands (adjective)
Fin (demonym masculine)
Finlander (demonym masculine)
Finse (demonym feminine)
Finlandse (demonym feminine)

Borrowed and first attested in the 16th century Dutch translation of Olaus Magnus Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus by Cornelius Grapheus, but whether it was borrowed from Latin or a Germanic translation, e.g. Swedish, Low German or High German, is uncertain.

Finland (A Nordic country having borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia in Europe)


Colombia

Borrowed from Spanish Colombia. Named after Christopher Columbus.


Bhutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Brasil

Borrowed from Papiamentu Brasil, likely derived from brasil (“brazilwood, Haematoxylum brasiletto”).


Afghanistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Nigeria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Kiribati

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


Andorra

Andorra n (adjective Andorrees, demonym Andorrees m or Andorrese f)

Andorrees (adjective)
Andorrees (demonym masculine)
Andorrese (demonym feminine)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Oman

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Monaco

Monaco n (adjective Monegaskisch, demonym Monegask m or Monegaskische f)

Monegaskisch (adjective)
Monegask (demonym masculine)
Monegaskische (demonym feminine)


Angola

/ˌɑŋˈɣoː.laː/


Mauritius

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Qatar

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


El Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Mozambique

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Jamaica

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Venezuela

Borrowed from Spanish Venezuela, from Italian Veneziola.


Zimbabwe

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


Cuba

Afrikaans: Kuba

Borrowed from Spanish Cuba, of disputed origin.

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Niger

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)


Cyprus

nl-proper noun

Cyprus n (adjective Cypriotisch, demonym Cyprioot m or Cypriotische f)

Cypriotisch (adjective)
Cyprioot (demonym masculine)
Cypriotische (demonym feminine)

→ Indonesian: Siprus

Ultimately from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Tonga

Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Zaïre

Borrowed from French Zaïre; ultimately from Kongo nzere, a truncation of nzadi o nzere (“river swallowing rivers”).

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

(historical) Zaire (A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Tuvalu

Tuvalu (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Aruba

Uncertain. Proposed etymologies include a derivation from Spanish oro (“gold”) and the third-person singular preterite form of haber (“to have”) ("there was gold"), a derivation from Kalinago oruba (“well-placed”) or a compound of two Kalinago words, ora (“shell”) and oubao (“island”).

Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


Vanuatu

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Iran

Ultimately from Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyʿʾn).

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Suriname

→ Caribbean Javanese: Srinama, Srinamah

→ English: Suriname


San Marino

nl-proper noun

San Marino n (adjective San Marinees, demonym San Marinees m or San Marinese f)

San Marinees (adjective)
San Marinees (demonym masculine)
San Marinese (demonym feminine)

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Sierra Leone

Borrowed from Spanish Sierra Leona, from Portuguese Serra Leoa.

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein n (adjective Liechtensteins, demonym Liechtensteiner m or Liechtensteinse f)

Liechtensteins (adjective)
Liechtensteiner (demonym masculine)
Liechtensteinse (demonym feminine)

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Fiji

Borrowed from Fijian Viti, from Proto-Central Pacific *viti "east, sunrise".

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Benin

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Portugal

Portugal n (adjective Portugees, demonym Portugees m or Portugese f)

Portugees (adjective)
Portugees (demonym masculine)
Portugese (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Canada

Probably borrowed from French Canada.
The hamlet is attested as Canada in 1954. It was named after the country. Originally the name of a farmhouse.

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Barbados

Borrowed from English Barbados, from Portuguese barbados (“bearded ones”).

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Eritrea

Borrowed from Italian (l')Eritrea, first used in Italian as an ellipsis of la Colonia eritrea (“Italian Eritrea”, literally “the Erythraean colony”), from eritrea, feminine of eritreo (“Erythraean (of or relating to the Erythraean Sea)”), from Latin erythraeus (“reddish”), from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”).

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Belarus

Belarus n (adjective Belarussisch, demonym Belarus m or Belarussische f)

Belarussisch (adjective)
Belarus (demonym masculine)
Belarussische (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ).


Malta

Malta n (adjective Maltees, demonym Maltees m or Maltezer m or Maltese f)

Maltees (adjective)
Maltees (demonym masculine)
Maltezer (demonym masculine)
Maltese (demonym feminine)

From Italian and Maltese Malta, from Arabic, from Latin Melita, from Ancient Greek Μελίτη (Melítē), possibly from Phoenician 𐤌𐤋𐤈 (mlṭ), q.v. The neighbourhood was named after the 1565 Great Siege of Malta, first attested in the form Maltha in 1641.

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)

A neighbourhood of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Samoa

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Roemenië

Roemenië n (adjective Roemeens, demonym Roemeen m or Roemeense f)

Roemeens (adjective)
Roemeen (demonym masculine)
Roemeense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Roemenië


Georgia

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Taiwan

The modern form "Taiwan" may possibly be from English Taiwan, or way older reminiscent of older forms like Tayouan, from possibly Siraya.


Welsh

Want vlak voor het verstrijken van de reguliere speeltijd roken de Welsh, toen Oranje met de gedachten al in de kleedkamer zat, dat er nog wel een gelijkspel in zat.

2022, NOS, Oranje verslaat Wales in extra tijd, met nieuw basiselftal en twee debutanten:

Because just before the end of regular playing time, the Welsh smelled, when Orange was already in the locker room with their thoughts, that a draw was still possible.


Welsh

nl-adj

Welsh (comparative Welsher, superlative Welsht)

Welsher (comparative)
Welsht (superlative)
Welsh (adverbial positive predicative)
Welsher (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Welsht (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Welshte (adverbial predicative superlative)
Welshe (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Welshere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Welshte (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Welsh (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Welsher (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Welshte (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Welshe (indefinite plural positive)
Welshere (comparative indefinite plural)
Welshte (indefinite plural superlative)
Welshe (definite positive)
Welshere (comparative definite)
Welshte (definite superlative)
Welsh (partitive positive)
Welshers (comparative partitive)


Brasilia

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Ottawa

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


continent

→ Indonesian: kontinen

Borrowed from French continent, from Latin continēns.


meer

nl-noun

meer n (plural meren, diminutive meertje n)

meren (plural)
meertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meer

From Middle Dutch mēre, from Old Dutch meri, from Proto-West Germanic *mari, from Proto-Germanic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

We gingen zwemmen in het meer.

Het meer was kalm en helder.

Er zijn veel vissen in dat meer.


Amsterdam

First attested as amestelledamme in 1275. From Middle Dutch Aemstelredam, from the river Amstel + dam.

Meronyms: Driemond, Durgerdam, Holysloot, Nieuwendam, Ransdorp, Schellingwoude, 't Nopeind, Weesp, Zunderdorp

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)

Amsterdam Island, an island and overseas territory of France located in the southern Indian Ocean


Leuven

* (Flemish Brabant) From Middle Dutch Loven (Latinised: Lovanium).
* (West Betuwe) First attested as loffna in 788-789. Etymology unknown. Compare Loven.

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Heverlee, Kessel-Lo, Wilsele, Wijgmaal

Louvain (the capital city of Flemish Brabant, Belgium)

A hamlet in West Betuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


London

London (a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada)


delta

nl-noun

delta f (plural delta's, diminutive deltaatje n)

delta's (plural)
deltaatje (diminutive neuter)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta). Doublet of dalet.

a river delta, a network of one or more rivers and tributaries pouring out into a larger body of water


dal

dal n (plural dalen, diminutive dalletje n)

dalen (plural)
dalletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dal

From Middle Dutch dal, from Old Dutch dal, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.


Schelde

The river Scheldt (a river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands)


Toscane

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Algiers

Ultimately from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).

der

اَلْجَزَائِر

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


Kiev

From Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev). The form Kyiv, from Ukrainian Київ (Kyjiv), has been gaining currency, particularly since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Palermo

Palermo (a city and province of Sicily, Italy)


Edinburgh

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)

Edinburgh, Edinburgh (a council area of Scotland)


Tarragona

Tarragona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)

Tarragona (a city in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Zurich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Zurich

First attested as zuderinghe in 1352. Potentially derived from Old Frisian suder (“southern”) and igge (“corner”) or from suder suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.

A village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Barcelona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Florida

At least since the 16th century; probably from Spanish


Java

The neighbourhood is named after the Indonesian island.

A neighbourhood of Almelo, Overijssel, Netherlands


New York

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States)


Rome

Afrikaans: Rome

* (capital of Italy) From Middle Dutch rome.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Rome in 1830-1855. Named after the Italian city, allegedly because many Roman artefacts were found there.

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)

A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Mechelen

* (Belgium) From earlier Mechgelme, Machele, from Medieval Latin Maclines, from Maslines, from Frankish *Maalinas, ultimately from Old Saxon mahal (“meeting room”), from Proto-West Germanic *maþl (“gathering, speech”). See also Limburgish Mechele.
* (Limburg) First attested as mechluns in 1133. Derived from Proto-Germanic *magal (“great, powerful”), related to *mikilaz. Compare Megchelen.

inh

Meronyms: Heffen, Hombeek, Leest, Muizen, Walem

A village in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Daniel

The village is named after a former plantation house.


Brabant

From Middle Dutch brabant, from Old Dutch *brākbant (attested in Latin as pāgus brācbatensis), from Frankish, a compound of Proto-Germanic *brēk-, *brekaną (“fallow, originally 'to break'”) + *bant-, *bantō, *banti (“district, region”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰonHdéh₂ (“beneficial, good”), from *bʰHdús.
The latter element is also found in other toponyms such as Oosterbant, Swifterbant and Teisterbant.

der

(Belgium) Brabant (a former province of Belgium)

Zuid-Brabant (1815-1830, also in the Netherlands to contrast with Noord-Brabant)


Limburg

From Middle Dutch limborch, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *lindō (“linden (tree)”) and *burg/*burgz (“fortification, stronghold”).

Meronyms: Alken, As, Beringen, Bilzen, Bocholt, Borgloon, Bree, Diepenbeek, Dilsen-Stokkem, Genk, Gingelom, Halen, Ham, Hamont-Achel, Hasselt, Hechtel-Eksel, Heers, Herk-de-Stad, Herstappe, Heusden-Zolder, Hoeselt, Houthalen-Helchteren, Kinrooi, Kortessem, Lanaken, Leopoldsburg, Lommel, Lummen, Maaseik, Maasmechelen, Nieuwerkerken, Oudsbergen, Peer, Pelt, Riemst, Sint-Truiden, Tessenderlo, Tongeren, Voeren, Wellen, Zonhoven, Zutendaal

Meronyms: Beek, Beekdaelen, Beesel, Bergen, Brunssum, Echt-Susteren, Eijsden-Margraten, Gennep, Gulpen-Wittem, Heerlen, Horst aan de Maas, Kerkrade, Landgraaf, Leudal, Maasgouw, Maastricht, Meerssen, Mook en Middelaar, Nederweert, Peel en Maas, Roerdalen, Roermond, Simpelveld, Sittard-Geleen, Stein, Vaals, Valkenburg aan de Geul, Venlo, Venray, Voerendaal, Weert


Holland

nl-proper noun

Holland n (adjective Hollands, demonym Hollander m or Hollandse f)

Hollands (adjective)
Hollander (demonym masculine)
Hollandse (demonym feminine)

Javindo: Hollaan

Jersey Dutch: Hôl-läänt

→ Caribbean Javanese: Holan

→ Kwinti: hollan

→ Portuguese: holanda, Holanda

→ Petjo: blandeu, blandees

From Old Dutch holt lant (“wood land”). A popular but false etymology holds that it is derived from hol land (“hollow land”), inspired by the low-lying geography of the Dutch region.

Holland is sterk verstedelijkt.

In de Republiek was Holland het dominante gewest.

Holland was the dominant province in the Dutch Republic.

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Ik hou van Holland.

When cheering for a sports team:
Hup Holland hup!
Go Netherlands go!

Ik hou van Holland, landje aan de Zuiderzee / Een stukje Holland draag ik in m'n hart steeds mee / Daar waar die molens draaien in hun forse kracht / En waar de bollen bloeien in hun schoonste pracht

1937, Willy Schootemeijer (lyrics and music), “Ik hou van Holland”, performed by Joseph Schmidt:

I love the Netherlands, little country by the Zuiderzee / A little piece of the Netherlands I always carry in my heart / There where those windmills turn in their mighty power / And where the bulbs bloom in their most beautiful splendour

Hier in Holland sterft de laatste vlinder / op de allerlaatste bloem / en alle muziek die overblijft / is de supersonische boem

1972, “Vluchten kan niet meer”, Annie M.G. Schmidt (lyrics), Harry Bannink (music), performed by Jenny Arean and Frans Halsema:

Here in the Netherlands, the last butterfly / dies on the very last flower / and all music that remains / is the supersonic boom

(in patriotic contexts) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Bretagne

From Middle Dutch [Term?], from Middle French [Term?] or Old French [Term?].

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Spitsbergen

Afrikaans: Spitsbergen

→ English: Spitsbergen

→ German: Spitzbergen

→ Russian: Шпицбе́рген (Špicbérgen)

Compound of spits + bergen, referring to the “pointed mountains” Dutch navigator and explorer Willem Barentsz sighted on the west coast of the main island. Because Barentsz was unaware of having discovered an archipelago, the name was long used to refer both to the main island and the whole archipelago.
The hamlet is attested as Spitsbergen in 1851–1855 and is named after the archipelago.
The neighbourhood is name after a piece of land named in turn after the archipelago.

A hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Veenendaal, Utrecht, Netherlands


Flevoland

Borrowed from Latin Flevo, a lake or inland sea near or identical to the Zuiderzee, mentioned by Pomponius Mela in De chorographia. The element Vlie, as in Vlieland, is thought to be cognate, with both names being derived from the same root as the verb vloeien (“to flow”).

Meronyms: Almere, Dronten, Lelystad, Noordoostpolder, Urk, Zeewolde

Het spijt mij dat ik nog altijd moet spreken van de Zuiderzee en dat het der vorige Regering niet gegeven is om die in eene provincie Flevoland te herscheppen. Ik hoop dat deze Regering krachtig het verdienstelijke werk van hare voorgangster zal voortzetten en wij ons binnen kort over de aanwinst van eene nieuwe provincie zullen verheugen.

1877 December 6, Daniël van Eck, quotee, Handelingen Tweede Kamer 1877-1878, Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, page 192:

I regret that I still have to speak of the Zuiderzee and that it was not possible for the previous Government to transform it into a province of Flevoland. I hope that this Government will vigorously continue the meritorious work of its predecessor and that we will soon rejoice in the acquisition of a new province.

Flevoland, a province of the Netherlands


Drenthe

From Middle Dutch [Term?], from late Old Dutch Drente, from earlier Old Dutch Thrente, from Old Dutch Thriente, from Old Dutch Thrianta (also Old Dutch Threant), from *thrie (“three”) + *hant-. Beware that these attestations come to us via copies of Latin texts, and may therefore be affected by transcription errors and phonological adaptation. De Vries thought *hant- means community or part of the area where a people live; if so that would mean that Drenthe originally consisted of just three dingspelen (“judicial areas”) rather than the six it has had since our earliest records. Compare Twente. Attested both with and without h from early Modern Dutch; the form with h is now standard, although this doesn't affect the pronunciation.

Meronyms: Aa en Hunze, Assen, Borger-Odoorn, Coevorden, De Wolden, Emmen, Hoogeveen, Meppel, Midden-Drenthe, Noordenveld, Tynaarlo, Westerveld


Friesland

From Fries (“Frisian, pertaining to Frisia”) and land (“land, country”).

Meronyms: Achtkarspelen, Ameland, Dantumadiel, De Fryske Marren, Harlingen, Heerenveen, Leeuwarden, Noardeast-Fryslân, Ooststellingwerf, Opsterland, Schiermonnikoog, Smallingerland, Súdwest-Fryslân, Terschelling, Tytsjerksteradiel, Vlieland, Waadhoeke, Weststellingwerf

Friesland, a province of the Netherlands


Friesland

First attested as Oost-Vriesland in the 18th century. Named after a farmhouse, which in turn is named after duchess Maria Leopoldina of Oost-Friesland-Rietberg.

A hamlet in Montferland, Gelderland, Netherlands


Gelderland

Meronyms: Aalten, Apeldoorn, Arnhem, Barneveld, Berg en Dal, Berkelland, Beuningen, Bronckhorst, Brummen, Buren, Culemborg, Doesburg, Doetinchem, Druten, Duiven, Ede, Elburg, Epe, Ermelo, Harderwijk, Hattem, Heerde, Heumen, Lingewaard, Lochem, Maasdriel, Montferland, Neder-Betuwe, Nijkerk, Nijmegen, Nunspeet, Oldebroek, Oost Gelre, Oude IJsselstreek, Overbetuwe, Putten, Renkum, Rheden, Rozendaal, Scherpenzeel, Tiel, Voorst, Wageningen, West Betuwe, West Maas en Waal, Westervoort, Wijchen, Winterswijk, Zaltbommel, Zevenaar, Zutphen

Gelderland (a province of the Netherlands)


Overijssel

[ˌoːvəˈrɛi̯səɫ]

From Middle Dutch ōverīsel, perhaps from Middle Low German overisel. Equivalent to a univerbation of over + IJssel.

Meronyms: Almelo, Borne, Dalfsen, Deventer, Dinkelland, Enschede, Haaksbergen, Hardenberg, Hellendoorn, Hengelo, Hof van Twente, Kampen, Losser, Oldenzaal, Olst-Wijhe, Ommen, Raalte, Rijssen-Holten, Staphorst, Steenwijkerland, Tubbergen, Twenterand, Wierden, Zwartewaterland, Zwolle

Overijssel (a province of the Netherlands)


Zeeland

→ English: Zealand

From Middle Dutch sêelant. Equivalent to zee (“sea”) + land (“land”) or from zeeland (“coastal land”).

Meronyms: Borsele, Goes, Hulst, Kapelle, Middelburg, Noord-Beveland, Reimerswaal, Schouwen-Duiveland, Sluis, Terneuzen, Tholen, Veere, Vlissingen


Zeeland

Both toponyms are potentially related to Old High German selilant (“free patrimony”), itself derived from Latin terra salica (“free patrimony, possession subject to Salic law”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as zeelant in 1376.
* (Gelderland) First attested as t guet geheiten zelandt in 1406.

cog

A village and former municipality of Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Berg en Dal, Gelderland, Netherlands


Groningen

First attested as groningi in the 10th or 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from Old Dutch Grôn (a personal name) or Groni (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing-. A derivation from a hydronym *Gron suffixed with -ing- is less likely. Compare Groeningen.
The province was named after the city.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Grunnen.

Meronyms: Achter-Thesinge, Boltklap, Bouwerschap, Bovenrijge, Dilgt, Dorkwerd, Emmerwolde, Engelbert, Essen, Euvelgunne, Felland, Garmerwolde, Glimmen, Haren, Harenermolen, Hemert, Hemmen, Hoogkerk, Hoornsedijk, Klein Harkstede, Kröddeburen, Lageweg, Leegkerk, Lellens, Lutjewolde, Middelbert, Noorddijk, Noorderhoogebrug, Noordlaren, Onnen, Oosterdijkshorn, Oosterhoogebrug, Oude Roodehaan, Roodehaan, Ruischerbrug, Sint Annen, Slaperstil, Steerwolde, Ten Boer, Ten Post, Thesinge, Vierverlaten, Winneweer, Wittewierum, Woltersum, Zevenhuisjes

Groningen (a city, municipality, and capital of Groningen, Netherlands)

Meronyms: Eemsdelta, Groningen, Het Hogeland, Midden-Groningen, Oldambt, Pekela, Stadskanaal, Veendam, Westerkwartier, Westerwolde

Groningen (a province of the Netherlands)


Utrecht

→ English: Utrecht velvet

→ French: velours d’Utrecht

→ Portuguese: Utreque

desc

→ Chinese: → 烏得勒支／乌得勒支 (Wūdélèzhī) (transliteration)

From Middle Dutch utrecht, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Old Dutch ūt (“outside”) + Latin Traiectum, the name of the original Roman fort around which the city was built, a name meaning "crossing," from the verb traicio (“I go across, transfer”).

Meronyms: Alendorp, Blauwkapel, De Meern, Haarzuilens, Lage Haar, Nedereindseweg, Ockhuizen, Oudenrijn, Rijnenburg, Stadsdam, Themaat, Veldhuizen, Vleuten

Utrecht (a city, municipality, and capital of Utrecht, Netherlands)

Meronyms: Amersfoort, Baarn, Bunnik, Bunschoten, De Bilt, De Ronde Venen, Eemnes, Houten, IJsselstein, Leusden, Lopik, Montfoort, Nieuwegein, Oudewater, Renswoude, Rhenen, Soest, Stichtse Vecht, Utrecht, Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Veenendaal, Vijfheerenlanden, Wijk bij Duurstede, Woerden, Woudenberg, Zeist


oase

nl-noun

oase f (plural oasen or oases, diminutive oasetje n)

oasen (plural)
oases (plural)
oasetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: oase

19th century, probably from German Oase, which see. Alternatively an independent backformation from the Latin plural oases.


berg

berg m (plural bergen, diminutive bergje n)

bergen (plural)
bergje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: berg
→ English: berg

Berbice Creole Dutch: berki

Jersey Dutch: bêrix

Negerhollands: berg, bergi

→ Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi

→ Aukan: beligi

→ Sranan Tongo: bergi

→ Caribbean Javanese: bérgi

From Middle Dutch berch, from Old Dutch berg, from Proto-West Germanic *berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.


land

land n (plural landen, diminutive landje n)

landen (plural)
landje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: land

Berbice Creole Dutch: alanda, landi

Negerhollands: land, lant, lan

Skepi Creole Dutch: land, lantta

→ Sranan Tongo: lanti (see there for further descendants)

>? Javanese: ꦭꦤ꧀ (lan)

From Middle Dutch lant, from Old Dutch lant, from Proto-West Germanic *land, from Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).

der

land (part of Earth not covered by water)

(history, chiefly in compounds) the territorial government or state authority in a Dutch colony or overseas territory in the West Indies


Polen

nl-proper noun

Polen n (adjective Pools, demonym Pool m or Poolse f)

Pools (adjective)
Pool (demonym masculine)
Poolse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Pole

From Middle Dutch Polen, related to older Polanen.
The hamlet is first attested as Polen in 1899. It is named after the country.

A hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Schelm

First attested as een beemd de Schelm genaamd in 1606. Likely cognate with dialectal scheluw (“crooked, askew”).

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


America

First attested as Amerika in 1838-1857. Derived from New Latin America. The settlement was named for its remote location.

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

A village in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Kongo

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)


Bloemfontein

Afrikaans: Bloemfontein


Bratislava

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Bern

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton)


Bern

First attested as birni in 709. Derived from Proto-Germanic *birnu- (“muck, manure, mud that looks like manure”) with collectivising suffix *-ja-.

inh

A hamlet in Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Keulen

From Middle Dutch Cuelen, Coelen, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Latin Colōnia (literally “colony”), from Colōnia Agrippīna.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Purmerend

First attested as purmerende in 1342. Compound of the hydronym Purmer and Middle Dutch ende (“end”).

Meronyms: Arenberg, Halfweg, Klaterbuurt, Middenbeemster, Noordbeemster, Purmer, Purmerbuurt, Westbeemster, Zuidoostbeemster

Purmerend (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands)


cataract

nl-noun

cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)

cataracten (plural)
cataractje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: katarak

→ Indonesian: katarak

From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).


Orden

First attested as horda in 1059. Derived from Old Dutch ord (“land that protrudes into water”).

inh

A neighborhood of Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands


zee

nl-noun

zee f (plural zeeën, diminutive zeetje n)

zeeën (plural)
zeetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: see

Berbice Creole Dutch: sei

Javindo: see

Negerhollands: see

→ Saramaccan: zé

→ Sranan Tongo: se

From Middle Dutch sêe, from Old Dutch sēo, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwi, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.

Ze zeilden over de open zee om nieuwe landen te ontdekken.

They sailed the open sea to discover new lands.

Ik wil volgend jaar naar de zee verhuizen.

Het kleine zeetje was een populaire plek voor lokale vissers.

The small sea was a popular spot for local fishermen.


Babylon

From Middle Dutch Babylone, from Latin Babylōn, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλών (Babulṓn).

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city in Mesopotamia, built on the banks of the Euphrates, which was the capital of Babylonia)


Texas

Borrowed from English Texas or Spanish Texas.

Texas (a state of the United States; former independent republic; former province of Mexico)


kloof

kloof f (plural kloven, diminutive kloofje n)

kloven (plural)
kloofje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kloof

→ English: kloof

→ Papiamentu: kloof (dated)

From Middle Dutch clove, from Proto-West Germanic *klubō, from Proto-Germanic *klubô, related to *kleubaną (“to split, cleave”). Cognate with German Klobe, Kloben, Cimbrian khlóop.


Estland

nl-proper noun

Estland n (adjective Ests, demonym Est m or Estse f)

Ests (adjective)
Est (demonym masculine)
Estse (demonym feminine)


Arum

First attested as aeldrum in 1400. Borrowed from West Frisian Arum, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Alder (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).

A village and former municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


holm

nl-noun

holm m (plural holmen, diminutive holmpje n)

holmen (plural)
holmpje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch holm, from Old Dutch holm, from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *holm (“island”), from Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”), from Pre-Germanic *kl̥Hmos, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“hill”).


fjord

nl-noun

fjord m (plural fjorden, diminutive fjordje n)

fjorden (plural)
fjordje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.


Europa

nl-proper noun

Europa n (adjective Europees, demonym Europeaan m or Europese f)

Europees (adjective)
Europeaan (demonym masculine)
Europese (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Europa

Negerhollands: Juropa

→ Malay: Eropah

Indonesian: Eropa

From Middle Dutch europa, from Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπᾱ (Eurṓpā), Doric form of Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).


Baal

First attested as barla around 850. Compound of bar (“barren, bare”) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Baarle-Hertog, Baarle-Nassau, Baarlo, Bahr, Barlo and Hoog-Baarlo.

A hamlet in Lingewaard, Gelderland, Netherlands


Vessem

First attested as veseme in 1245. Etymology unknown. Not a compound derivation with heem (“home, settlement”) as a second element.

unk

unknown

A village and former municipality of Eersel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Rijnsburg

First attested as rinasburg in 918-948. Equivalent to Rijn + -s- + burg.

Rijnsburg (a village and former municipality of Katwijk, South Holland, Netherlands)


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Pyongyang

From Korean 평양(平壤) (Pyeong'yang, literally “flat land”).

bor

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Irak

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kessel

Derived from Latin castellum (“fortress”) with early Germanisation (showing the effects of umlaut and with stress shifted to the first syllable). Doublet of kasteel, Castilië, chateau, castellum, telo, and ketella.
* (Limburg): Attested with certainty as cassele in 1107.
* (Noord-Brabant): Attested with certainty as casella in 997.

doublet

A town and former municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

A former village and former municipality of Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands


Massachusetts

Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


Cornwall

Cornwall (a duchy and county of England, United Kingdom)


Rijn

From Middle Dutch rijn, from Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from a Celtic language.

Wie op den Rijn per stoomboot reist, moet veel lodderige lonken kunnen afzien, […]

1874, Tony, Twee reisnovellen van den Rijn, W.C. de Graaff, 52

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The Rhine, a major European river flowing through Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, Germany and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river (including its distributaries) flows through the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Utrecht, North Holland and South Holland.


Himalaya

Himalayas (a mountain range in South Asia)


Chicago

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


Damascus

From Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.


wad

nl-noun

wad n (plural wadden, diminutive wadje n)

wadden (plural)
wadje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch wat, from Old Dutch *wada, from Frankish *wad, from earlier wada (attested as Latinised acc. sg. vadam c. 108), from Proto-Germanic *wadą.


Welshman

Welshman m (plural Welshmen, feminine Welshe)


bocht

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)

bochten (plural)
bochtje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu

→ Papiamentu: bògt

→ Sranan Tongo: boktu

→ Aukan: bokutu

→ Caribbean Javanese: boktu

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Equivalent to buigen (“to bend, bow”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

suffix

a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Istanbul

Borrowed from Turkish İstanbul, corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν


Afrika

nl-proper noun

Afrika n (adjective Afrikaans, demonym Afrikaan m or Afrikaanse f)

Afrikaans (adjective)
Afrikaan (demonym masculine)
Afrikaanse (demonym feminine)

→ Indonesian: Afrika

Petjo: aprik

Ultimately from Latin Āfrica, from Āfer.

Meronyms: Centraal-Afrika, Equatoriaal-Afrika, Midden-Afrika, Noord-Afrika, Oost-Afrika, West-Afrika, Zuid-Afrika, Zuidwest-Afrika


Sahara

From Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ, “desert”).
The area was named after the desert because its construction necessitated the use of a lot of sand to build up a foundation.

A neighbourhood of Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands


Brit

nl-noun

Brit m (plural Britten, diminutive Britje n)

Britten (plural)
Britje (diminutive neuter)


Engeland

→ Lokono: Engelanta

/ˈɛ.ŋəˌlɑnt/

(loosely) Great Britain or the United Kingdom


Engeland

* (Drenthe) First attested as Engellant in 1811-1813. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Engelaand.
* (Apeldoorn) First attested as englandi in 801. Compound of eng (“pasture, acreage”) and Old Dutch landi (“land”). A local toponymic legend holds that the name is derived from an ancient jury court "in the English style" that is supposed to have convened in the village. There is no historical evidence for the existence of such a court.
* (Oldebroek) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”).
* (Dalfsen) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Engelaand.
* (Hardenberg) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”).

inh

/ˈɛ.ŋəˌlɑnt/

A hamlet in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands

A hamlet in Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Oldebroek, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Dalfsen, Overijssel, Netherlands

A hamlet in Hardenberg, Overijssel, Netherlands


Champagne

Champagne (a region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est)


Rusland

nl-proper noun

Rusland n (adjective Russisch, demonym Rus m or Russin f or Russische f)

Russisch (adjective)
Rus (demonym masculine)
Russin (demonym feminine)
Russische (demonym feminine)

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Peking

Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), specifically the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, English Peking, French Pékin.

Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
nl:Peking


Aam

First attested as apud ambam at the end of the 11th century. Derived from an ancient hydronym derived in turn from Proto-Indo-European *amb- (“water, fog”). Compare Ameland and Amen.

inh

A hamlet in Overbetuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Ane

First attested as apud anen in 1232-1233. Etymology unknown. Unlikely to be derived from Old Dutch Ano (a personal name) or from Transalpine Gaulish anam (“swamp”).

unk

unknown


Ballast

First attested as Ballast in 1738. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon ballast (“weeds”), here referring to a patch of overgrown land.

A hamlet in Coevorden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Bent

Attested as bent in 1615. Derived from bent (“moor grass, Molinia sp.”).

Alphen aan den Rijn
Alphen aan den Rijn#English

A hamlet in Alphen aan den Rijn, South Holland, Netherlands


Amen

First attested as van ame in 1403. Derived from a hydronym, derived in turn from Proto-Germanic *ama- (“natural watercourse”). Compare Ameland, Emmeloord, Emer and Amdorf.

der

A village in Aa en Hunze, Drenthe, Netherlands


Appel

First attested as appele in 1146. Etymology unknown. Usually interpreted as a compound of appel (“apple”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil, pool”). An alternative interpretation reads the first component as Old Dutch *apa (“river, current”).

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Nijkerk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Born

First attested as burne in 1125. Derived from Old Dutch borne (“spring, source”).
See also Limburgish Bor.

A village and former municipality of Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


Borne

* (Overijssel) First attested as burgunde in 1206. Derived from Proto-Germanic *burgundjô- (“elevated place, highland”). Compare Bergentheim, Warmond, Werkhoven and Bornholm.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as borne in 1301. Derived from Old Dutch borne (“source, spring”).

inh

Meronyms: Hertme, Zenderen

A village and municipality of Overijssel, Netherlands

A hamlet in Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Acht

First attested as achte in 1307. Derived from Middle Dutch achte (“preserve, lordly possession, legal district”). Compare Achterveld, Achtmaal and Echt.

A village in Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Axel

First attested as axla in 987-994. Etymology uncertain. Various compound derivations from a first element and lo (“light forest”) have been proposed, but none of these match the oldest attestations. Potentially derived from a term cognate to Old Norse öxull (“shoulder”), Old High German ahsala (“shoulder”), here referring to an elevated location.
See also Zealandic Aksel.

A city and former municipality of Terneuzen, Zeeland, Netherlands


Alma

A neighbourhood of Winterswijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Montenegro

nl-proper noun

Montenegro n (adjective Montenegrijns, demonym Montenegrijn m or Montenegrijnse f)

Montenegrijns (adjective)
Montenegrijn (demonym masculine)
Montenegrijnse (demonym feminine)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Dem

First attested as Dem in 1936. Derived from Limburgish dem (“dam”). Named after a complex of workers' barracks.

A neighbourhood of Heerlen, Limburg, Netherlands


Dale

First attested as dale in 1386. Dative plural of dal (“dale, valley”).

A hamlet in Aalten, Gelderland, Netherlands


Bath

First attested as insula de boestenbare dicta in 1235. Derived from Middle Dutch bat (“bathwater”). Originally a hydronym.
See also Zealandic Bat.

A village and former municipality of Reimerswaal, Zeeland, Netherlands


Brand

* (Limburg) First attested as Op genne Brant in the 18th century. Derived from brand (“site of a fire, location where something has been burned”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as den Brandt in 1750. Derived from brand (“fuel, turf”).

A hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands


Eng

First attested as enghe around 1320. Derived from eng (“farmland located next to a village”).

A hamlet in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands


Berg

* (Valkenburg aan de Geul) First attested as berga in 1139. Derived from the dative singular form of berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Belgium) Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Eijsden-Margraten) Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Peel en Maas) First attested as Berg in 1936. Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Berg in 1794. Derived from berg (“hill, elevated place”).
The surname derives from the toponym or from one of the senses of berg.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul#English

A village in Valkenburg aan de Geul, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Eijsden-Margraten, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Delft

First attested as delf in 1130-1157. From Middle Dutch delft, from earlier delf, derived from a hydronym derived from Middle Dutch delven (“dig, excavate”).

Meronyms: Abtswoude, Klein-Delfgauw

Delft (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Fort

First attested as Het Fort in 1851-1855. Derived from fort (“fortress”). Originally the name of a farm.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Fört.

A village in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Enter

First attested with certainty as entheren in 1188. Potentially a compound of Old Dutch ened (“duck”) and *heri (“sandy ridge”). A derivation from Middle Dutch *enet (“lonely place, hermitage”) is also possible. Compare Eynatten.

cog

A village in Wierden, Overijssel, Netherlands


Est

First attested as est in 1316. Perhaps derived from es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”) with collectivising -t- suffix or from Middle Dutch est (“branch, brush, maple, Acer”).

inh

A village in West Betuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Esse

A neighbourhood of Zuidplas, South Holland, Netherlands


Gent

Meronyms: Afsnee, Desteldonk, Drongen, Gentbrugge, Ledeberg, Mariakerke, Mendonk, Oostakker, Sint-Amandsberg, Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Sint-Kruis-Winkel, Wondelgem, Zwijnaarde

Ghent (the capital of East Flanders, Belgium)


Hal

First attested as halle in 1230-1231. Derived from Middle Dutch halle (“covered area, hall”) or Proto-Germanic *halha (“spur of a highland”).

A hamlet in Boxtel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heel

First attested as Latin Pagus Catvual between the 1st and 4th century. Compound derived from Proto-Germanic *haþu- (“battle”) and *walla (“wall”), either as a calque from Celtic term or as an originally Germanic term that was calqued into Celtic.
Alternative hypotheses propose a Latin origin of the toponym or a derivation from the demonym of an otherwise unknown tribe. Compare Heerle and Heerlen.
See also Limburgish Hael.

A village and former municipality of Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Hill

First attested as de Hil in 1545. Derived from dialectal hil (“hill, elevated place”).


Komen

From Gallo-Roman Latin Comius + -inas, of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *cumma, variant of *cumba, from Proto-Celtic *kumbā (“valley”).


Bergen

Mons (a city, municipality, and capital of Hainaut, Belgium)


Bergen

From Norwegian Bergen, from Old Norse Bjǫrgvin (“meadow between the mountains”).


Bergen

* (Limburg) First attested as de barge in 1230. Initially derived from the dative singular form of Middle Dutch berg (“hill, elevated place”). The toponym later shifted to the dative plural form of berg and acquired the meaning settlement at/on the hill.
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as bergum in 918-948. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch berga (“hill, elevated place”), referring here to a series of dunes.

inh

Meronyms: Afferden, Aijen, Beekheuvel, Bergsche Heide, Bleijenbeek, Bosscherheide, Elsteren, Gening, Groote Horst, Hengeland, Heukelom, Kamp, Kleine Horst, Knikkerdorp, Koekoek, Lakei, Op de Belt, Rimpelt, Siebengewald, Smal, 't Leuken, Tuindorp, Vrij, Well, Wellerlooi, Zeelberg

A village and municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

Meronyms: Aagtdorp, Bergen aan Zee, Bregtdorp, Catrijp, Camperduin, Egmond aan den Hoef, Egmond aan Zee, Egmond-Binnen, Egmondermeer, Groet, Hargen, Het Woud, Rinnegom, Schoorl, Westdorp, Wimmenum, Zanegeest

A village and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands


Gun

Dutch pronunciation

First attested as ther gonne in 1321. Etymology uncertain. The toponym is potentially derived from an ancient hydronym or from the name of a type of land grant. Alternatively, it may refer to the poor quality of the soil around the settlement. Compare Euvelgunne.

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Essen

* (Gelderland) First attested as essen in 1379-1380. Derived from the plural form of es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”).
* (Groningen) First attested as jesse in 1245. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may have been reinterpreted as the plural form of es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”). Alternative hypotheses include a derivation from the Biblical name Jesse or a derivation from an unknown prehistoric source.

A hamlet in Barneveld, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Hall

First attested as hallo in the 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps a compound of Proto-Germanic *halha- (“bend, highland spur”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil”). An alternative etymology interprets the name as a compound of Old Dutch hal (“large, spacious home”) and lo. Compare Hallum and Hellum.

cog

A village in Brummen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Lek

From Middle Dutch lecke. Related to laak.

A river, the northern arm of the River Rhine, in the provinces of Utrecht, South Holland and Gelderland, Netherlands, running from the Nederrijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to the Noord at Kinderdijk.


Landen

Meronyms: Attenhoven, Eliksem, Ezemaal, Laar, Neerlanden, Neerwinden, Overwinden, Rumsdorp, Waasmont, Walsbets, Walshoutem, Wange, Wezeren

Landen (a city and municipality of the province of Flemish Brabant, Flanders, Belgium)


Lok

A neighbourhood of Tiel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Lies

* (Friesland) First attested as Lies in 1567. Etymology uncertain. Unlikely to be derived from lies (“great manna grass, Glyceria maxima”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as bossce van lies in 1267. Derived from Middle Dutch liesch (“great manna grass, Glyceria maxima”).

inh

A village in Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Breda, North Brabant, Netherlands


Don

Don (a river, the fifth-longest in Europe, in Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and Rostov Oblasts, Russia)


Luik

From Middle Dutch Lûdeke. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“people”).


Made

First attested as die made in 1321. Derived from Middle Dutch made (“pasture, hayfield”).

A village in Drimmelen, North Brabant, Netherlands


Ham

* (Limburg) First attested as Ham around 1776. Derived from ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).
* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as Ham in 1803-1820. Derived from ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).
* (Meierijstad) First attested as hamme in 1368. Derived from ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).

A hamlet in Kerkrade, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Horn

First attested as hurne in 1102. Derived from the dative singular form of Old Dutch horn (“protruding bend, corner”).
See also Limburgish Häör.

A village and former municipality of Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Maire

Named after the former village of Maire, which was lost to flooding in 1530.

A former municipality of Zeeland, Netherlands


Mill

Potentially attested as millen in 1166, attested with certainty as mille in 1228. Etymology unknown. Compare Millen.

unk

unknown

A village in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Amerika

Afrikaans: Amerika

Negerhollands: Ameriki, Meriki

desc

→ Virgin Islands Creole: Ameriki, Meriki

From New Latin America, named after cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.
The hamlet first appears in the written record in 1909 as Nieuw Amerika. It is named after the continent.

America (the continents of North America and South America). In this sense has a plural: Amerika's

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)

A hamlet in Noordenveld, Drenthe, Netherlands


Monster

First attested as masemunster in 1013. Derived from Old Dutch monstre (“large central parish church”).

inh

A village and former municipality of Westland, South Holland, Netherlands


Hub

A hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Nutter

First attested as nuthere in 1297. Potentially a compound of nut (“use, benefit”) or noot (“nut”) and Old Dutch heri (“sandy ridge”). Compare Notter.

A hamlet in Dinkelland, Overijssel, Netherlands


Most

Derived from dialectal mos (“pool, swamp”) with collectivising suffix -t.

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Namen

Namur, a former countship in present Belgium, named after its above capital city

Namur, a province of Belgium, named after its above capital city


Namen

Named after count John I of Namur (Dutch Namen, see Etymology 1), whose name was given to the polder in which this village was situated and after which it was named, as the construction of the Polder van Namen was done under the auspices of count John.

Holonym: Saeftinghe

(historical) a former village in the flooded lands of Saeftinghe, Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, The Netherlands


Oda

A neighbourhood of Weert, Limburg, Netherlands


Lent

First attested as in lente in 1196. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *linditja- (“linden grove”), from *lindu, or dialectal lent (“quay where peat is stacked for transport”). Compare Lenthe and Linde.

cog

A village and former municipality of Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Park

First attested as de Parck in 1713. Derived from perk (“enclosed area”).

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Lier

Meronym: Koningshooikt

Lier (a city in Antwerp province, Belgium)


Lier

Lier (a municipality of Buskerud county, Norway)


Pol

First attested as polle in 1396. Derived from pol (“overgrown sandy hill, elevated place”).

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Ren

First attested as Ren in the 16th century. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch renne (“coop”).

A hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Spa

A town and municipality in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium, famous for its springs


Man

Man, Isle of Man (an island and Crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea)


Manhattan

Borrowed from English Manhattan, it in turn deriving, via Dutch, from the Unami language.

Manhattan (a borough and island in New York City, New York, United States)


Strand

First attested as Strand (Het) in 1913. Calque of West Frisian It Strân, derived from strân (“beach”).

A hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Son

First attested sunna in 1107. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from an old term cognate to zwin (“creek”). Compare Sommelsdijk and Zonnemaire and the hydronyms Zenne and Zeun.

A village in Son en Breugel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Thorn

First attested as tornensi monasterio in 1007. Etymology uncertain. Potentially linked to Old Dutch turn (“high building, tower”) (derived in turn from Latin turris (“tower”)). The toponym has also been linked to Doornik/Tournai in Belgium. Not related to the English toponym Thorne.
See also Limburgish Toear.

A city and former municipality of Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Val

Attested as De Val in 1838-1857. Derived from val (“depressed area of a riverbank or levee”).

A hamlet in Terneuzen, Zeeland, Netherlands


Zoom

* (Gelderland) First attested as De Zoom in 1868. Derived from zoom (“edge, seam”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Zeum.
* (Flevoland) Derived from zoom (“edge, seam”).

A hamlet in Nunspeet, Gelderland, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Winkel

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as winckele in 1298. Derived from Middle Dutch winkel (“corner, enclosed piece of land”).
* (Noord-Brabant) Derived from winkel (“enclosed piece of land, corner”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of winkel or from one of several toponyms.

inh

A village and former municipality of Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


Union

A neighbourhood of Sint Eustatius, Netherlands


Stein

* (Limburg) First attested as steyne in 1263. Derived from Middle Dutch stein (“stone building, castle”).
* (Zuid-Holland) First attested as steene in 1317. Named after Stein in Limburg.

Meronyms: Catsop, Berg aan de Maas, Elsloo, Kerensheide, Kleine Meers, Maasband, Meers, Nattenhoven, Nieuwdorp, Terhagen, Urmond, Veldschuur

A village and municipality of Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet and former municipality of Krimpenerwaard, South Holland, Netherlands


Ruth

A hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


Mark

(given name): From Latin Marcus.
(hamlet): First attested as ab aqueductu marken nuncupato in 1316. Derived from Middle Dutch marke (“border, borderland, march”), from Old Dutch *marka, from Proto-West Germanic *marku.

A hamlet in West Betuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Fatima

* (Limburg) Derived from Portuguese Fátima. Named after the Portuguese city where an apparition of the Virgin Mary is purported to have appeared.
* (Noord-Brabant) Derived from Portuguese Fátima. Named after the Portuguese city where an apparition of the Virgin Mary is purported to have appeared.

A neighbourhood of Weert, Limburg, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Roosendaal, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bahr

baar

First attested as de bare in 1270. Perhaps derived from bar (“barren”). Compare Baal, Barlo, Baarle-Hertog, Baarle-Nassau, Baarlo and Hoog-Baarlo.

A hamlet in Zevenaar, Gelderland, Netherlands


Mars

First attested as mersche in 1307. Derived from meers (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”).

m-lite

A neighbourhood of Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Aalst

* (Zaltbommel) First attested as in uilla halosta around 850. Etymology uncertain. A proposed derivation from els (“alder, Alnus”) with collectivising suffix -t does not match well with old attestations of the toponym. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *alhust (“dwelling place, shrine”). Compare Elst, Maasniel, Nieuwaal, Niel, Niel-bij-As, Nivele and Waldniel.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as alst in 1281. Etymology uncertain. The formerly widespread hypothesis of a derivation from els (“alder, Alnus”) with collectivising suffix -t is no longer considered plausible. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *alhust (“dwelling place, shrine”). Compare Elst, Maasniel, Nieuwaal, Niel, Niel-bij-As, Nivele and Waldniel.
* (Buren) First attested as aelst around 1400. Etymology uncertain. A proposed derivation from els (“alder, Alnus”) with collectivising suffix -t does not match well with old attestations of the toponym. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *alhust (“dwelling place, shrine”). Compare Elst, Maasniel, Nieuwaal, Niel, Niel-bij-As, Nivele and Waldniel.

inh

Meronyms: Baardegem, Erembodgem, Gijzegem, Herdersem, Hofstade, Meldert, Moorsel, Nieuwerkerken

A city and municipality of East Flanders, Belgium

A village and former municipality of Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands

A village and former municipality of Waalre, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Buren, Gelderland, Netherlands


Joegoslavië

Afrikaans: Joego-Slawië, Joegoslawië


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Bus

* (Bernheze) First attested as in de Bus in 1678. Derived from a dialectal variant of bos (“rising forest”).
* (Meierijstad) First attested as hoeve genaemt in de bus in 1777. Derived from a dialectal variant of bos (“rising forest”).

A hamlet in Bernheze, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Halle

* (Gelderland) First attested as hall in 1263. Potentially a compound of Proto-Germanic *halha- (“highland spur”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil”). Another possibility is a derivation from Middle Dutch halle (“covered market”), from Old Dutch *halla, from Frankish *hallu.

cog

Meronyms: Buizingen, Lembeek

A village in Bronckhorst, Gelderland, Netherlands


Hof

First attested as HOF (HET) in 1844. Derived from hof (“farmstead, homestead”).

A neighbourhood of Bergeijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heer

First attested as in heere in 1176. Derived from Old Dutch heri (“sandy ridge”). Formerly an independent village.
See also Limburgish Hier.

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands


Elen

A village and former municipality of Dilsen-Stokkem, Belgium


Corsica

Ultimately from Latin Corsica, from Ancient Greek Κορσική (Korsikḗ).

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Benelux

From the first syllables of Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Benelux (a region of Europe, consisting of the countries which constitute this union)


Handel

First attested as haenle in 1326. Compound of haan (“rooster, black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)”) and lo (“light forest”).

A village in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Jemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Ceres

Afrikaans: Ceres

First attested as Ceres in 1913. Borrowed from Latin Cerēs.

A neighbourhood of Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Boer

First attested as burstera rede in 1402. Borrowed from West Frisian Boer, derived in turn from Old Frisian buer (“house, cottage”).

A village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Levant

1836, Nicolaas G. van Kampen, De Levant of Mohammedaansch Azië, vol. 3, publ. by de erven François Bohn, page 223.
De hoofd- of liever de eenige stad des eilands, van denzelfden naam, sedert den moord van 1822 de schaduw niet meer van hetgeen zij vroeger was, plagt eene der beste plaatsen van de Levant te zijn.

The capital - or rather the only city of the island, of the same name, no longer the shadow of what it formerly was since the murder of 1822, used to be one of the best settlements of the Levant.

2008, Klaas Vansteenhuyse, Culturen gaan altijd ten onder. De zeevolkeren in het Middellandse Zeegebied (1200 voor Christus), vol. 3, Davidsfonds (publ.).
Deze hebben een algemene vorm die goed verspreid was in de Levant tijdens de late bronstijd.

These have a general shape that was widespread in the Levant during the Late Bronze Age.

Levant (a region of Western Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea)


haven

nl-noun

haven f (plural havens, diminutive haventje n)

havens (plural)
haventje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hawe

→ Papiamentu: haf, haaf

From Middle Dutch havene, from Old Dutch *havana, from Proto-West Germanic *habanu, from Proto-Germanic *habnō, *habanō.

De schepen liggen veilig in de haven.

We namen een wandeling bij het kleine haventje na het diner.

We took a walk by the small harbour after dinner.


Holz

First attested as Holtz around 1776. Derived from German Holz (“rising forest”). Compare Bocholtz.
See also Central Franconian De Hoots.

A neighbourhood of Kerkrade, Limburg, Netherlands


Erica

First attested as Erica in 1867. Derived from New Latin Erica (“heath”).

A village in Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands


plateau

plateau n (plural plateaus, diminutive plateautje n)

plateaus (plural)
plateautje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French plateau, diminutive of plat (“a plate”); see English plate.


Zelt

Attested as Zelt (De) in 1913. Etymology unknown.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Oisterwijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Tinte

Attested as Tente in the 16th century. Likely derived from Middle Dutch tinte (“tent, temporary shelter”). Proposed derivations from Medieval Latin tincta (“tincture, paint”) (as a reference to madder production) or Middle Dutch tinte (“notched lower section of an arrow”) (as a reference to shape of the polder the village is located in) are significantly less likely.
See also Zealandic De Tinte.

cog

A village in Voorne aan Zee, South Holland, Netherlands


Heide

* (Venray) First attested as de Heijde in 1838-1857. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Friesland) First attested as De Heyde in 1718. Calque of West Frisian De Heide, derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Heumen) Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Montferland) First attested as Diemsche Heyde in 1729. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Echt-Susteren) First attested as Heijde in 1838-1857. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Leudal, Heythuysen) First attested as Heide in 1899. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”). See also Limburgish Hei, De Heihoezer.
* (Leudal, Roggel) First attested as Heide in 1835. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”).
* (Roermond) First attested as Heijer huysen in the second half of the 17th century. Derived from heide (“heath, heathland”). See also Limburgish De Hei.

A village in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands

De Fryske Marren
De Fryske Marren#English

A hamlet in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Heumen, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Montferland, Gelderland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Echt-Susteren, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands

A hamlet in Roermond, Limburg, Netherlands


Palestina

* Borrowed from Latin Palaestīna.
* (Nijkerk) First attested as Palestina in 1843. Named after the region in the Middle East. Originally the name of a farm.

A hamlet in Nijkerk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Nederland

nl-proper noun

Nederland n (adjective Nederlands, demonym Nederlander m or Nederlandse f)

Nederlands (adjective)
Nederlander (demonym masculine)
Nederlandse (demonym feminine)

→ Aukan: Nedilanti

→ Polish: Niderlandy

From neder (“down, low”) + land (“land”). Compare English Netherlands.

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Madagaskar

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Libanon

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Luxemburg

Luxemburg n (adjective Luxemburgs, demonym Luxemburger m or Luxemburgse f)

Luxemburgs (adjective)
Luxemburger (demonym masculine)
Luxemburgse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Luxemburg

→ Indonesian: Luksemburg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


België

België n (adjective Belgisch, demonym Belg m or Belgische f)

Belgisch (adjective)
Belg (demonym masculine)
Belgische (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: België

→ Indonesian: Belgia

⇒ Japanese: ベルギー (Berugī)

→ Sranan Tongo: Bergi

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Tokio

Borrowed from Japanese 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”). First attested in the 1870s.

ja-r

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital and largest city of Japan)


Borneo

The hamlet is attested as Klein Borneo in 1984. It was named after the island, presumably for its remoteness or the perceived unpleasant disposition of its inhabitants.

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Nes

* (Noardeast-Fryslân) First attested as nesse in 1369. Borrowed from West Frisian Nes, derived in turn from Old Frisian nes (“headland, spit”).
* (Ameland) First attested as nes in 1485. Borrowed from West Frisian Nes, derived in turn from Old Frisian nes (“headland, spit”).
* (Heerenveen) First attested as nesse in 1243. Borrowed from West Frisian Nes, derived in turn from Old Frisian nes (“headland, spit”).
* (Noord-Holland) Attested as De Nes in 1680. Derived from nes (“headland, spit”).

A village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands

A village in Ameland, Friesland, Netherlands

A village in Heerenveen, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Schagen, North Holland, Netherlands


Windhoek

From wind (“wind”) + hoek (“corner, angle”).

Windhoek (a city, the capital city of Namibia)


moeras

nl-noun

moeras n (plural moerassen, diminutive moerasje n)

moerassen (plural)
moerasje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: moeras

→ English: morass

Alteration (by assimilation to moer (“moor”)) of Middle Dutch marasch, from Old French mareis (“marsh”).


eiland

eiland n (plural eilanden, diminutive eilandje n)

eilanden (plural)
eilandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eiland

Negerhollands: eiland, eyland

→ Sranan Tongo: eilanti

From Middle Dutch eilant, from Old Dutch *eilant, from Old Frisian eiland, from Proto-West Germanic *auwjuland, from Proto-Germanic *awjōlandą, equivalent to ei (“island”) + land (“land”). The former part is from *awjō, the latter identical to modern Dutch land.


Osen

First attested as oze in 1326. Etymology unknown.
See also Limburgish Oeazje.

unk

unknown

A hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Portland

Attested as Portlandsche Polder in 1839-1859. Borrowed from English Portland. Named after Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland and lord of Rhoon.

A neighbourhood of Albrandswaard, South Holland, Netherlands


Nazareth

First attested as Nazareth in 1866. Named after a former farmstead.

A neighbourhood of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands


Brussel

From Broekzele, from broek (“marsh”) + zaal, zele (“thatching, settlement”).

Brussels (the capital city of Belgium; capital city of the region of Flanders in Belgium; main seat of government of the EU; former capital of the former province of Brabant)

Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest#Dutch

Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels-Capital Region#English

Short for Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest.: Brussels-Capital Region (the smallest of Belgium's three federative regions)


Gaza

From Middle Dutch gaza, from Latin Gaza, from Ancient Greek Γάζα (Gáza), from Biblical Hebrew עזה (`aza).


Aken

Afrikaans: Aken


Soto

Borrowed from Papiamentu Soto. Named after Anthony of Padua, the patron of the local parish church.


heuvel

nl-noun

heuvel m (plural heuvels, diminutive heuveltje n)

heuvels (plural)
heuveltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: heuwel

From Middle Dutch hoevel, huevel, hovel, huffel, from Old Dutch huvil, from Proto-Germanic *hubilaz. Cognate with Middle Low German hovel, Old High German hubil, Middle High German hübel, dialectal German Hübel, Luxembourgish Hiwwel. More distantly related to Old Saxon hobar, Old High German hovar, Old English hovar as well as Old English hȳf (modern English hive).
Potential wider cognates include Lithuanian kupra, kupstas, kaupas, Polish kupa.
Compare heup.


vijver

vijver m (plural vijvers, diminutive vijvertje n)

vijvers (plural)
vijvertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vywer

From Middle Dutch viver, from Old French vivier, from Latin vīvārium. Was merged with or replaced Middle Dutch wier, wuwer, *wiwer, an older borrowing directly from Latin; compare German Weiher.


zwembad

zwembad n (plural zwembaden, diminutive zwembadje n)

zwembaden (plural)
zwembadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swembad


oceaan

oceaan m (plural oceanen, diminutive oceaantje n)

oceanen (plural)
oceaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oseaan

→ Papiamentu: osean

Borrowed from Middle French ocean, from Latin oceanus, from Ancient Greek ὠκεᾰνός (ōkeanós).


werelddeel

werelddeel n (plural werelddelen, diminutive werelddeeltje n)

werelddelen (plural)
werelddeeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wêrelddeel

Compound of wereld (“world”) + deel (“part, piece”).


broek

nl-noun

broek f (plural broeken, diminutive broekje n)

broeken (plural)
broekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: broek (see there for further descendants)

Berbice Creole Dutch: bruku

Negerhollands: broek, bruk

→ Akawaio: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Javanese: ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀ (bruk)

→ Lokono: boróko

→ Kupang Malay: baruk, bruk

→ Munsee: pălóok

→ Papiamentu: bruki (from the diminutive)

→ Pemon: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Russian: брюки (brjuki)

→ Sranan Tongo: bruku (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch broec, from Old Dutch *bruoc, from Proto-West Germanic *brōk.

Mijn broek is te lang.


Kosovo

nl-proper noun

Kosovo n (adjective Kosovaars, demonym Kosovaar m or Kosovaarse f)

Kosovaars (adjective)
Kosovaar (demonym masculine)
Kosovaarse (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Ко̏сово/Kȍsovo.

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


rivier

nl-noun

rivier f or m (plural rivieren, diminutive riviertje n)

rivieren (plural)
riviertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rivier

Jersey Dutch: rîver

From Middle Dutch riviere, from Old French riviere.


straat

straat f (plural straten, diminutive straatje n)

straten (plural)
straatje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: straat
→ Swazi: sitaladi
→ Xhosa: isitrato, isitalato

→ Indonesian: setrat

→ Sranan Tongo: strati
→ Aukan: sitaati, strati
→ Caribbean Hindustani: stráti
→ Saramaccan: sitááti

From Middle Dutch strâte, from Old Dutch strāta, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), from Latin strāta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out, extend, spread”).
The sense “strait” is a phono-semantic matching of Middle English streit, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus. Compare German Straße.

psm

Straat Yucatan — the Yucatán Channel or Straits of Yucatán

Straat (van) Malakka


Transvaal

Transvaal (a geographical region and former province of South Africa)

(historical) Transvaal (a former country in Southern Africa)


Andes

Borrowed from Spanish Andes, or alternatively Latin Andes.

1596, Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, Itinerario, voyage ofte schipvaert naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien 1579-1592, Vol. 3, C.P. Burger & F.W.T. Hunger (eds.), Martinus Nijhoff (publ. 1934), page 176.
Soo zijn dan die grensen oost ende zuyden Argyropolis, nae den nederganck die zuyder Zee, nae't noorden die Province Pastoa, dit landt wordt afghedeelt in driederley deelen, in Planitiem, Sierras, Andes, dat is in even ofte plat landt aen die Zee ligghende, in berghen ofte in berghachtighe landen, die midden door't landt strecken, ende in Peru over het gheberchte nae't oosten.

The borders are like this: to the east and south Argyropolis (name of a river), to the descent to the south the sea, to the north the Province Pastoa, this land is divided into three parts, into Planitiem, Sierras, Andes, that is into level or flat land lying next to the sea, into mountains or into mountainous lands, that range across the middle of the lands, and into Pery over the mountains to the east.


Maas

From Middle Dutch Mase, from Old Dutch *Masa, from Proto-Germanic *Masō. Dutch is one of the few languages in which the Germanic name survives directly; most other languages have borrowed the name from Dutch or from a Romance language.

The Meuse, a major European river flowing through France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river flows through the provinces of Limburg, Gelderland, North Brabant and South Holland.


Tiber

Tiber, the river that flows through Rome in Italy.


Schotland

Afrikaans: Skotland


Noorwegen

nl-proper noun

Noorwegen n (adjective Noors, demonym Noor m or Noorse f)

Noors (adjective)
Noor (demonym masculine)
Noorse (demonym feminine)


IJsland

IJsland n (adjective IJslands, demonym IJslander m or IJslandse f)

IJslands (adjective)
IJslander (demonym masculine)
IJslandse (demonym feminine)


Zwitserland

Zwitserland n (adjective Zwitsers, demonym Zwitser m or Zwitserse f)

Zwitsers (adjective)
Zwitser (demonym masculine)
Zwitserse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Switserland

Compound of Zwitser (“Swiss person”) + land.

Helvetische Republiek
Helvetische Republiek#Dutch

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe; official name: Helvetische Republiek)


Hongarije

Hongarije n (adjective Hongaars, demonym Hongaar m or Hongaarse f)

Hongaars (adjective)
Hongaar (demonym masculine)
Hongaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Hongarye

/ˌɦɔŋ.ɣaːˈrɛi̯.(j)ə/


Frankrijk

Frankrijk n (adjective Frans, demonym Fransman m or Franse f or Française f)

Frans (adjective)
Fransman (demonym masculine)
Franse (demonym feminine)
Française (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Frankryk

From Middle Dutch Vranckrike. Equivalent to Frank + rijk.
The hamlet in Friesland is named after the country. It may have been originally the name of a field owned by the Frankena family, with the name Frankrijk being applied as a humorous reference to the property. See also Dutch Low Saxon Fraankriek and West Frisian Frankryk.
The hamlet in Gelderland is first attested as franckryk in 1401. Named after the country. Formerly an independent hamlet.

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

A neighborhood of Harderwijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Bulgarije

Bulgarije n (adjective Bulgaars, demonym Bulgaar m or Bulgaarse f)

Bulgaars (adjective)
Bulgaar (demonym masculine)
Bulgaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Bulgarye

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Kroatië

Kroatië n (adjective Kroatisch, demonym Kroaat m or Kroatische f)

Kroatisch (adjective)
Kroaat (demonym masculine)
Kroatische (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Kroasië

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Wit-Rusland

Wit-Rusland n (adjective Wit-Russisch, demonym Wit-Rus m or Wit-Russin f or Wit-Russische f)

Wit-Russisch (adjective)
Wit-Rus (demonym masculine)
Wit-Russin (demonym feminine)
Wit-Russische (demonym feminine)

→ Afrikaans: Wit-Rusland

From wit (“white”) + Rusland (“Russia”), a calque of Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija). Cognate with German Weißrussland, English White Russia, Faroese Hvítarussland, Swedish Vitryssland among others.


Letland

nl-proper noun

Letland n (adjective Lets, demonym Let m or Letse f)

Lets (adjective)
Let (demonym masculine)
Letse (demonym feminine)


Albanië

Albanië n (adjective Albanees or Albaans, demonym Albanees m or Albanese f)

Albanees (adjective)
Albaans (adjective)
Albanees (demonym masculine)
Albanese (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Albanië

Indonesian: Albania


Ierland

Ierland n (adjective Iers, demonym Ier m or Ierse f)

Iers (adjective)
Ier (demonym masculine)
Ierse (demonym feminine)

From Middle Dutch ierlant, equivalent to Ier + land.


Duitsland

Duitsland n (adjective Duits, demonym Duitser m or Duitse f)

Duits (adjective)
Duitser (demonym masculine)
Duitse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Duitsland

Negerhollands: dutschland

From Middle Dutch Duutschlant. Equivalent to Duits + land.


Litouwen

Litouwen n (adjective Litouws, demonym Litouwer m or Litouwse f)

Litouws (adjective)
Litouwer (demonym masculine)
Litouwse (demonym feminine)

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


Zweden

Zweden n (adjective Zweeds, demonym Zweed m or Zweedse f)

Zweeds (adjective)
Zweed (demonym masculine)
Zweedse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Swede


Spanje

Spanje n (adjective Spaans, demonym Spanjaard m or Spaanse f)

Spaans (adjective)
Spanjaard (demonym masculine)
Spaanse (demonym feminine)

> Afrikaans: Spanje (inherited)

Ultimately from Latin Hispānia, possibly from Punic [Term?].

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Algerije

/ˌɑl.ɣəˈrɛi̯.ə/


Colombië

Dated form of Colombia.: Colombia (a country in South America)


Argentinië

Ultimately from Latin argentum (“silver”).


Bolivië

(dated) Bolivia (a country in South America)


Verenigde Staten van Amerika

Calque of English United States of America.

calque

United States of America (a country in North America)


Brazilië

From Portuguese Brasil + -ië, with the suffix likely under the influence of German Brasilien.

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Tunesië

Afrikaans: Tunisië


Brugge

From Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”, now brug), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Meronyms: Assebroek, Dudzele, Koolkerke, Lissewege, Sint-Andries, Sint-Kruis, Sint-Michiels

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Dominicaanse Republiek

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Londen

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Oostenrijk

nl-proper noun

Oostenrijk n (adjective Oostenrijks, demonym Oostenrijker m or Oostenrijkse f)

Oostenrijks (adjective)
Oostenrijker (demonym masculine)
Oostenrijkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Oostenryk

From Middle Dutch Oostenrike, etymologically decomposable as oosten + rijk.


Oostenrijk

First attested as toesterich in 1413. Derived from a contracted compound of ooster (“eastern”) and wijk (“village, settlement”). Compare Meterik, Middelijk, Noordijk, Schadijk, Westrik, De Zoeke, Zoeke and Zuuk.

A hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Oekraïne

Oekraïne n or f (adjective Oekraïens, demonym Oekraïner m or Oekraïense f)

Oekraïens (adjective)
Oekraïner (demonym masculine)
Oekraïense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Oekraïne

Borrowing, probably from French. First attested as Ukraine in the 17th century.

Den koningh van Polen, ſoo men vermoed, is den Nieper-ſtroom gepaſſeert, alwaer ſich met de Littauwſe Armee ſal conjungeren, en alſo een attentaet op de Stadt Kiow doen; veele zijn verwondert, dat ſich ſijne Majeſt. met een ſlechte en qualick gediſciplineerde Armee, ſoo diep inde Ukraine, en ſoo naer aen des vyants Landt waeght, door dien de Coſacken qualick te vertrouwen zijn.

1663 November 20, “Poolen, Pruyssen, &c.”, in Tydinge uyt verscheyde Quartieren, number 48, page 2:

The king of Poland, as people suspect, has passed the course of the Dnieper, where he will join up with the Lithuanian army, and thus will make an attack on the city of Kyiv; many people are surprised that His Majesty ventures so far into the Ukraine with a bad and badly disciplined army, and so close to enemy territory, because the Cossacks cannot be trusted.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Zuid-Afrika

From zuid (“south”) + Afrika (“Africa”).

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Arabisch Schiereiland

Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula#English

Arabian Peninsula (a peninsula in the Middle East)


schiereiland

nl-noun

schiereiland n (plural schiereilanden, diminutive schiereilandje n)

schiereilanden (plural)
schiereilandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skiereiland

From schier (“almost”, adverb) + eiland (“island”), calque of Latin paenīnsula.


VSA

Verenigde Staten van Amerika
Verenigde Staten van Amerika#Dutch

(chiefly Belgium) USA (a country in North America); initialism of Verenigde Staten van Amerika (“United States of America”)


Parijs

From Middle Dutch parijs, from Old French Paris.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Denemarken

First attested as Denemarcket, Denemarckt and Denemarken in the 16th century. Potentially a compound of Dutch Low Saxon deen (“rough terrain”) and Old Frisian merke (“boundary, march, undivided communal lands”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Denmaark.

der

A hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Macedonië

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía).


Groenland

Groenlandia

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Italië

nl-proper noun

Italië n (adjective Italiaans, demonym Italiaan m or Italiaanse f)

Italiaans (adjective)
Italiaan (demonym masculine)
Italiaanse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Italië

→ Indonesian: Italia

>? Japanese: イタリア (Itaria)


Slovenië

Slovenië n (adjective Sloveens, demonym Sloveen m or Sloveense f)

Sloveens (adjective)
Sloveen (demonym masculine)
Sloveense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Slowenië

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Kopenhagen

/ˌkoːpənˈɦaːɣən/

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Antwerpen

From Medieval Latin Antwerpo, which, if of Germanic origin, like Frankish or Old Frisian, could be from Proto-West Germanic *anda- (“against”) + a noun derived from *werpan (“to throw”), meaning something like "land thrown up at something, "alluvial deposit."
Folk etymology derived it from handwerpen (“hand-throwing”), from hand + werpen, referring to a giant in Flemish legend named Antigoon, said to sever and fling the hands of any boatmen of the Scheldt who did not pay his toll. More at Antwerp.

Meronyms: Berchem, Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo, Borgerhout, Deurne, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem, Wilrijk

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)

Laten we naar Antwerpen gaan.

Meronyms: Aartselaar, Antwerpen, Arendonk, Baarle-Hertog, Balen, Beerse, Berlaar, Boechout, Bonheiden, Boom, Bornem, Borsbeek, Brasschaat, Brecht, Dessel, Duffel, Edegem, Essen, Geel, Grobbendonk, Heist-op-den-Berg, Hemiksem, Herentals, Herenthout, Herselt, Hoogstraten, Hove, Hulshout, Kalmthout, Kapellen, Kasterlee, Kontich, Laakdal, Lier, Lille, Lint, Malle, Mechelen, Meerhout, Merksplas, Mol, Mortsel, Niel, Nijlen, Olen, Oud-Turnhout, Putte, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Ranst, Ravels, Retie, Rijkevorsel, Rumst, Schelle, Schilde, Schoten, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Stabroek, Turnhout, Vorselaar, Vosselaar, Westerlo, Wijnegem, Willebroek, Wommelgem, Wuustwezel, Zandhoven, Zoersel, Zwijndrecht


gracht

nl-noun

gracht f or m (plural grachten, diminutive grachtje n)

grachten (plural)
grachtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: grag

→ English: gracht

→ German: Gracht

→ Papiamentu: gracht (dated)

→ West Frisian: gracht

From Middle Dutch gracht, from Old Dutch *graft, *graht, from Proto-Germanic *graftuz. Equivalent to graven (“to dig”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

2017 January 10, Het Laatste Nieuws, "Monsterfile op E17 na ongeval in Destelbergen, vrachtwagen in gracht op E40".
Op de E40 tussen Beernem en Aalter kreeg een vrachtwagen rond 7 uur 's morgens een klapband. Hierdoor belandde de vrachtwagen, die geladen was met aarde, op zijn zijkant in de gracht.

A truck got a flat tyre on the E40 between Beernem and Aalter around 7 o'clock in the morning. This caused the truck, which was loaded with earth, to end up on its side in the ditch.

(Belgium) ditch, trench (in the countryside, referring to both those that contain water and those that are dry)


Poltava

Poltava (an oblast in east-central Ukraine)

Poltava (a city, the administrative centre of Poltava Hromada, Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)

Poltava (a raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)


Blankenberge

Meronym: Uitkerke

A municipality and town on the coast of Belgium


De Panne

Meronym: Adinkerke


Turnhout

Meronym: Zevendonk

A city in the province of Antwerp, Belgium


Hasselt

* (Belgium) From the root of hazel (“hazel”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as haslet in 1227. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-. See also Dutch Low Saxon Asselt.
* (Dutch Limburg) First attested in 1326 as hasselt. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as die hasselt in 1382. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-.

inh

A city and former municipality of Zwartewaterland, Overijssel, Netherlands

A neighbourhood of Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands


Oostende

From oost (“east”) + ende (“end”); in the Middle Ages the city was on the eastern end of an island, Testerep, which is now attached to the main land.

Meronyms: Stene, Zandvoorde

Ostend (a city and municipality of Belgium)


nl-proper noun

Voormalige Joegoslavische Republiek Macedonië n

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia


Verenigde Staten

United States (a country in North America)


VS

US (a country in North America); initialism of Verenigde Staten (“United States”)


Seychellen

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek

Probably a calque of the French, or perhaps the English.

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Nieuw-Zeeland

→ English: New Zealand (calque) (see there for further descendants)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Nederlandse Antillen

Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antilles


Kirgizië

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Servië en Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro


Jordanië

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kaapverdië

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Saoedi-Arabië

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Trinidad en Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Westelijke Sahara

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


Ivoorkust

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Indonesië

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Equatoriaal-Guinea

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Ethiopië

Afrikaans: Ethiopië

→ Indonesian: Etiopia


Soedan

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Catalonië

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Griekenland

Griekenland n (adjective Grieks, demonym Griek m or Griekse f)

Grieks (adjective)
Griek (demonym masculine)
Griekse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Griekeland

From Middle Dutch Griekenlant, from Old Dutch Grieklant. Equivalent to Griek (“Greek, Greek person”) + -en- + land (“land, country”).


Verenigde Arabische Emiraten

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Koeweit

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Syrië

Ultimately from Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρίᾱ (Suríā), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Bosnië en Herzegovina

nl-proper noun

Bosnië en Herzegovina n (adjective Bosnisch, demonym Bosniër m or Bosnische f)

Bosnisch (adjective)
Bosniër (demonym masculine)
Bosnische (demonym feminine)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Somalië

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Nieuw-Caledonië

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Armenië

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Georgië

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(dated) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Kameroen

Afrikaans: Kameroen

→ Indonesian: Kamerun


Turkije

Turkije n (adjective Turks, demonym Turk m or Turkse f)

Turks (adjective)
Turk (demonym masculine)
Turkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Turkye

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Moldavië

Moldavië n (adjective Moldavisch, demonym Moldaviër m or Moldavische f)

Moldavisch (adjective)
Moldaviër (demonym masculine)
Moldavische (demonym feminine)


Oost-Vlaanderen

Meronyms: Aalst, Aalter, Assenede, Berlare, Beveren, Brakel, Buggenhout, Deinze, Denderleeuw, Dendermonde, De Pinte, Destelbergen, Eeklo, Erpe-Mere, Evergem, Gavere, Gent, Geraardsbergen, Haaltert, Hamme, Herzele, Horebeke, Kaprijke, Kluisbergen, Kruibeke, Kruisem, Laarne, Lebbeke, Lede, Lierde, Lievegem, Lochristi, Lokeren, Maarkedal, Maldegem, Melle, Merelbeke, Moerbeke, Nazareth, Ninove, Oosterzele, Oudenaarde, Ronse, Sint-Gillis-Waas, Sint-Laureins, Sint-Lievens-Houtem, Sint-Martens-Latem, Sint-Niklaas, Stekene, Temse, Waasmunster, Wachtebeke, Wetteren, Wichelen, Wortegem-Petegem, Zele, Zelzate, Zottegem, Zulte, Zwalm


Vaticaanstad

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Den Haag

→ German: Den Haag

→ Sranan Tongo: Aga
→ Dutch: Agga

→ West Frisian: De Haach

From Middle Dutch die Haghe (“the enclosure”), from hage (m, later also f, “enclosure, hedge”), from Proto-Germanic *hagô. First attested in 1242 as die haga. The article form den is dative/accusative, generalized in the modern name because of its use after prepositions, e.g. in den Haghe (“in The Hague”). Compare Den Bosch, Den Hoorn etc.

inh

Meronym: Haagoord

The Hague (a city, municipality, and capital of South Holland, Netherlands; administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Slowakije

nl-proper noun

Slowakije n (adjective Slowaaks, demonym Slowaak m or Slowaakse f)

Slowaaks (adjective)
Slowaak (demonym masculine)
Slowaakse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Slowakye

[ˌsloʊ̯.ʋaːˈkæɪ̯.jə]


Indië

Afrikaans: Indië

Borrowed from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).

Weledele Heer,
Door ons a.s. vertrek naar Indië, zien wij ons, tot onzen grooten spijt, gedwongen, ons lidmaatschap van de Filmliga, voor het volgend seizoen te beëindigen.

1928 May 3, A. Bickes, “Briefwisseling Menno ter Braak - A. Bickes”, in Correspondentie Filmliga, Stichting Menno ter Braak, published 2012:

Dear Sir,
Due to our upcoming departure for the Dutch East Indies, we are forced, to our great regret, to end our membership of the Film League for the next season.

En zo blijkt Indië, ondanks ons aanvankelijk voorbehoud, toch in allerlei nuances en op allerlei niveaus haar stempel op zijn werk te hebben gedrukt. Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap.

2002 January 25, Peter van Zonneveld, “Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap. De Indische wereld van F. Springer [There is always, no matter what, that mark. F. Springer's Dutch East Indies world]”, in Indische Letteren, page 120:

And so, despite our initial reservations, the Dutch East Indies turn out to have left their impression on his work in all kinds of nuances and at all kinds of levels. There is always, no matter what, that mark.

(Netherlands, Indonesia, historical, dated, informal) the Dutch East Indies; Indonesia in the context of Dutch colonial rule

(dated) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)


Verenigd Koninkrijk

Verenigd Koninkrijk n (adjective Brits, demonym Brit m or Britse f)

Brits (adjective)
Brit (demonym masculine)
Britse (demonym feminine)


West-Vlaanderen

Meronyms: Alveringem, Anzegem, Ardooie, Avelgem, Beernem, Blankenberge, Bredene, Brugge, Damme, Deerlijk, De Haan, Dentergem, De Panne, Diksmuide, Gistel, Harelbeke, Heuvelland, Hooglede, Houthulst, Ichtegem, Ieper, Ingelmunster, Izegem, Jabbeke, Knokke-Heist, Koekelare, Koksijde, Kortemark, Kortrijk, Kuurne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, Ledegem, Lendelede, Lichtervelde, Lo-Reninge, Menen, Mesen, Meulebeke, Middelkerke, Moorslede, Nieuwpoort, Oostende, Oostkamp, Oostrozebeke, Oudenburg, Pittem, Poperinge, Roeselare, Ruiselede, Spiere-Helkijn, Staden, Tielt, Torhout, Veurne, Vleteren, Waregem, Wervik, Wevelgem, Wielsbeke, Wingene, Zedelgem, Zonnebeke, Zulenkerke, Zwevegem


Egypte

Afrikaans: Egipte

Jersey Dutch: Jâpten

From Middle Dutch Egypten, ultimately from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), ultimately from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ.
The hamlet in Achtkarspelen is named after the country. It may have been named for its remote location or because of the presence of Roma in the area.
The hamlet in Ooststellingwerf is named after the country. The name may have originally belonged to a farmhouse.
The hamlet in Limburg is first attested in 1958 as Egypte. It is named after the country.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is first attested in 1863 as Egypte. It is named after the country.

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

A hamlet in Achtkarspelen, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

A hamlet in Bladel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Israël

Afrikaans: Israel

→ Indonesian: Israel

From Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


Kazachstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Edam

First attested as aedamme in 1342-1343. Compound of the hydronym Ee (derived from aa (“watercourse, river”)) and Middle Dutch dam (“dam”).

A city in Edam-Volendam, North Holland, Netherlands


Trent

First attested as op de Trent in 1727. Derived from Middle Dutch trent (“round object, disc, circle”).

inh

A hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands


Port Moresby

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Port Moresby (the capital city of Papua New Guinea)


Paramaribo

The initial element is from a Tupi-Guarani word related to Old Tupi pará (“sea, wide river”) and refers to the Suriname River; the settlement was founded on its western (left) bank.

Paramaribo (the capital city of Suriname)


Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Hank

* (Altena) First attested as De Hank in 1851. Potentially derived from dialectal hang (“place where fishing nets were hung out to dry, fish smoking unit”). Alternatively, the toponym may be cognate to hangen (“hang”) and refer to fencing or a small building.
* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as hanck in 1485. Apparently to be related to hangen (“hang”), referring here to fencing or a small building.

A village in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands

A hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bahrein

Ultimately from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn, “Bahrain; the two seas”), with omission of the definite article.

der

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Santiago

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)


Egge

First attested as op die eygen in 1470. Derived from Middle Dutch eigen (“personally owned land”). The current neighbourhood was named after a home for bachelors that had in turn taken its name from a piece of land.

inh

A neighbourhood of Brunssum, Limburg, Netherlands


Bethlehem

From Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).
The hamlet is first attested as Bethlehem in 1502 and is named after a former monastery, which was named in turn after the city in Palestine.

der

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)

A hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Bucht

First attested as Bucht in 1936. Derived from a dialectal variant of bocht, used here in the sense "fenced-in property, enclosed parcel". Compare De Bocht and Buchten.

A neighbourhood of Bergeijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kiel

First attested as Friesen Compagnie of Kijl in 1652. Derived from the hydronym Kielsterdiep, which derives in turn from a compound of kiel (“deeper part of a ditch draining a turf extraction area”) and diep (“canal”). Currently part of Kiel-Windeweer.

A former village in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Weite

First attested as Weite in 1913. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may derive from a hydronym or, alternatively, be a reference to the cultivation of buckwheat (boekweit) near the settlement.

A hamlet in Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Korn

First attested as den Korne in 1542. Derived from the hydronym Korn.

A hamlet in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands