hard

nl-adj

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardst)

harder (comparative)
hardst (superlative)
hard (adverbial positive predicative)
harder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het hardst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het hardste (adverbial predicative superlative)
harde (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
hardere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
hardste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
hard (indefinite neuter positive singular)
harder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
hardste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
harde (indefinite plural positive)
hardere (comparative indefinite plural)
hardste (indefinite plural superlative)
harde (definite positive)
hardere (comparative definite)
hardste (definite superlative)
hards (partitive positive)
harders (comparative partitive)

Jersey Dutch: hārd

Negerhollands: hart

Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt

From Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz.

(economics, of a currency) strong, not easily devalued


aanbod

nl-noun

aanbod n (plural (rare) aanboden, diminutive aanbodje n)

aanboden (plural rare)
aanbodje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aanbod

From aanbieden. Equivalent to aan (“on”) + bod (“offer, bid”).

vraag en aanbod


vraag

vraag f (plural vragen, diminutive vraagje n)

vragen (plural)
vraagje (diminutive neuter)
vraach (alternative obsolete)
vraagh (alternative obsolete)
vraaghe (alternative obsolete)
vraech (alternative obsolete)
vraeg (alternative obsolete)
vraege (alternative obsolete)
vraegh (alternative obsolete)
vraeghe (alternative obsolete)
vrage (alternative obsolete)
vraghe (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: vraag

Negerhollands: vraag

From Middle Dutch vrage, from Old Dutch *frāga, from Proto-West Germanic *frāgu, from Proto-Germanic *frēgō, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-.


concurrentie

→ Indonesian: konkurènsi

Borrowed from Middle French concurrence. Equivalent to concurrent + -ie.


vermogen

vermogen n (plural vermogens, diminutive vermogentje n)

vermogens (plural)
vermogentje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: vermoogen, vermogen

desc

→ Indonesian: daya (“power (physics)”, literally “ability”) (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch vermogen. The noun represents a nominalization of the verb. By surface analysis, ver- + mogen.

Hij liet zijn hele vermogen na aan het Rode Kruis.

He left his entire fortune to the Red Cross.


hausse

nl-noun

hausse f (plural hausses, diminutive hausseje n)

hausses (plural)
hausseje (diminutive neuter)


economie

economie f (plural economieën, diminutive economietje n)

economieën (plural)
economietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ekonomie

→ Indonesian: ekonomi

→ Sranan Tongo: eikownowmi

→ Caribbean Javanese: ékonomi

Possibly from Middle Dutch economie, from Middle French economie, from Latin oeconomia, from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomía, “management of a household, administration”), from οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”). By surface analysis, eco- + -nomie. The first recorded sense of the word economie, found in a work possibly composed in 1440, is “the management of economic affairs”, in this case, of a monastery.

com

In de Republikeinse aanbodeconomie komt economie niet aan bod.

Economics does not feature in Republican supply-side economics.


uitvoer

De uitvoer van olie is een grote bron van inkomsten voor het land.

The export of oil is a major source of revenue for the country.

Ze hebben een vergunning nodig voor de uitvoer van deze goederen.

They need a permit for the export of these goods.

Deze havenstad is cruciaal voor de uitvoer van agrarische producten.

This port city is crucial for the export of agricultural products.


producent

nl-noun

producent m (plural producenten, diminutive producentje n)

producenten (plural)
producentje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: produsen


evenwicht

evenwicht n (plural evenwichten, diminutive evenwichtje n)

evenwichten (plural)
evenwichtje (diminutive neuter)


depressie

depressie f (plural depressies, diminutive depressietje n)

depressies (plural)
depressietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: déprèsi

Borrowed from French dépression, from Latin dēpressiō.

(economics) depression (period of major economic contraction)


kapitalisme

Afrikaans: kapitalisme

→ Indonesian: kapitalisme


nominaal

nominaal (adverbial positive predicative)
nominale (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
nominaal (indefinite neuter positive singular)
nominale (indefinite plural positive)
nominale (definite positive)
nominaals (partitive positive)

→ Indonesian: nominal

→ West Frisian: nominaal

Borrowed from French nominal, from Latin nōminālis (“of names”), from nōmen (“name”).

(economics) nominal, unadjusted for inflation


debiet

(economics) sales (the totality of products or services sold in a given timeframe)


flauwte

flauwte f (plural flauwten or flauwtes, diminutive flauwtetje n)

flauwten (plural)
flauwtes (plural)
flauwtetje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: flaauwte


beurskrach

Compound of beurs + krach, a calque of German Börsenkrach.


liquideren

liquideren (infinitive)
liquideren (gerund neuter)
liquideer (first-person present singular)
liquideerde (first-person past singular)
liquideert (present second-person singular)
liquideer (present second-person singular)
liquideerde (past second-person singular)
liquideert (formal present second-person singular)
liquideerde (formal past second-person singular)
liquideert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
liquideert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
liquideerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
liquideerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
liquideert (present singular third-person)
liquideerde (past singular third-person)
liquideren (plural present)
liquideerden (past plural)
liquidere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
liquideerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
liquideren (archaic plural present subjunctive)
liquideerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
liquideer (imperative present singular)
liquideert (archaic imperative plural present)
liquiderend (participle present)
geliquideerd (participle past)

Borrowed from Middle French liquider, from Italian liquidare.

(transitive, economics) to liquidate, to settle (a debt)


aanbodeconomie

supply-side economics
supply-side economics


aanbodoverschot

aanbodoverschot n (plural aanbodoverschotten)


inflatie

inflatie f (plural inflaties, diminutive inflatietje n)

inflaties (plural)
inflatietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: inflasi

The medical sense is borrowed from Latin īnflātiō. The other senses are a semantic loan from English inflation.

(economics) inflation, increase in the general price level


liquiditeitsval

liquiditeitsval m (plural liquiditeitsvallen, diminutive liquiditeitsvalletje n)

liquiditeitsvallen (plural)
liquiditeitsvalletje (diminutive neuter)

From liquiditeit (“liquidity”) + -s- + val (“trap”), calque of English liquidity trap.


consumptiemaatschappij

nl-noun

consumptiemaatschappij f (plural consumptiemaatschappijen, diminutive consumptiemaatschappijtje n)

consumptiemaatschappijen (plural)
consumptiemaatschappijtje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of consumptie (“consumption”) + maatschappij (“society”).

compound

consumer society (society in which status and consumption are linked and positively correlated)


consumptie

nl-noun

consumptie f (plural consumpties, diminutive consumptietje n)

consumpties (plural)
consumptietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: konsumpsie

→ Indonesian: konsumsi

→ West Frisian: konsumpsje

De consumptie van aardolie geschiedt meestal niet via het spijsverteringskanaal.

The consumption of petroleum usually doesn't occur via the digestive system.

(economics) consumption, act of consuming

De overgang naar autarkie leidde tot een grote afname in consumptie.

The transition to autarky led to a large decrease in consumption.

(economics) quantity of goods and services that is consumed


productiefactor

productiefactor m (plural productiefactoren)

Compound of productie + factor, probably a calque.

Arbeid, kapitaal en grond zijn belangrijke productiefactoren in de economie.

Labor, capital, and land are important factors of production in the economy.

factor of production
factor of production


planeconomie

planeconomie f (plural planeconomieën, diminutive planeconomietje n)

planeconomieën (plural)
planeconomietje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of plan + economie. Possibly calqued. Compare German Planwirtschaft, Swedish planekonomi.


gemengde economie

gemengde economie f (plural gemengde economieën)

Probably a calque of English mixed economy. First attested around 1930.

In het Januarinummer van de Economist schrijft mr. J. J. Boasson, ongetwijfeld een der beste kenners van de Russische toestanden hier te lande, dat hij bij een reis naar Moskou een paar jaren geleden den indruk kreeg, dat er in de Sowjetrepubliek een definiteve vorm van gemengde economie aan 't groeien was: staatsbedrijven en staatstoezicht met daarnaast krachtige ontwikkeling van de particuliere bedrijven.

1931 January 30, “Sowjet-economie”, in Het Vaderland, evening edition D, page 1:


wereldeconomie

wereldeconomie f (plural wereldeconomieën)

Compound of wereld (“world”) + economie (“economy”). First attested in the early twentieth century.

(uncountable, economics) world economy, global economy

(countable, economics) globally important economy


vraagelastisch

vraagelastisch (adverbial positive predicative)
vraagelastische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
vraagelastisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
vraagelastische (indefinite plural positive)
vraagelastische (definite positive)
vraagelastisch (partitive positive)

(economics) elastic with respect to demand, demand-elastic


loon-prijsspiraal

loon-prijsspiraal f (plural loon-prijsspiralen)

loon-prijsspiralen (plural)
loonprijsspiraal (alternative)
loon/prijsspiraal (alternative)

Compound of loon + prijs + spiraal, probably a calque. First attested in the 1940s. Cf. German Lohn-Preis-Spirale (the most likely source), English wage-price spiral.


deeleconomie

From delen + economie, calque of English sharing economy.


politieke economie

Probably a calque of French économie politique.


geldkraan

geldkraan f (plural geldkranen, diminutive geldkraantje n)

geldkranen (plural)
geldkraantje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of geld + kraan. Perhaps a calque, compare English money tap.

(economics) money tap (metaphor for monetary stimulus by printing money)


reëel

nl-adj

reëel (comparative reëler, superlative reëelst)

reëler (comparative)
reëelst (superlative)
reëel (adverbial positive predicative)
reëler (adverbial comparative predicative)
het reëelst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het reëelste (adverbial predicative superlative)
reële (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
reëlere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
reëelste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
reëel (indefinite neuter positive singular)
reëler (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
reëelste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
reële (indefinite plural positive)
reëlere (comparative indefinite plural)
reëelste (indefinite plural superlative)
reële (definite positive)
reëlere (comparative definite)
reëelste (definite superlative)
reëels (partitive positive)
reëlers (comparative partitive)

Jersey Dutch: rêyel

→ Indonesian: riil

Borrowed from Middle French reel, real, from Old French reel, from Latin reālis.

(economics) real, corrected for inflation, not nominal


prijsindex

nl-noun

prijsindex m (plural prijsindices or prijsindexen)

prijsindices (plural)
prijsindexen (plural)


liquidatie

Afrikaans: likwidasie

→ Indonesian: likuidasi

Borrowed from Middle French liquidation, from Italian liquidazione.


stagflatie

Probably borrowed from English stagflation. By surface analysis, blend of stagnatie + inflatie.


anderhalvemetereconomie

Compound of anderhalve meter + economie, a short-lived neologism from the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the advised social distance was one and a half meters.

De anderhalvemetereconomie. Dat kan wel eens maanden of misschien zelfs een jaar de standaard worden.

2020 April 7, Frans van den Berg, “In de anderhalvemetereconomie kunnen restaurants weer open”, in Noordhollands Dagblad:

Dat misschien niet, zegt Ingrid Wallisch van Cushman & Wakefield, een vastgoedbedrijf dat een kantoor ontwierp voor de anderhalvemetereconomie.

2020 April 10, Joost van Velzen, Robin Goudsmit, “Hoe gaat de anderhalvemetereconomie er straks uitzien?”, in Trouw:

Alle sectoren in Nederland moeten een plan opstellen voor de ‘anderhalvemetereconomie’.

2020 April 16, “Hoe moet de 'anderhalvemetereconomie' invulling krijgen?”, in Omrop Fryslân:

De anderhalvemetereconomie zorgt ervoor dat huisartsen- en ziekenhuiszorg zo georganiseerd moeten worden dat patiënten, letterlijk en figuurlijk, waar dat kan zo veel mogelijk ob afstand worden gehouden tot er een vaccin gevonden is en dat breed wordt toegepast.

2021, Huber M., van den Brekel-Dijkstra K., Jung H.P., “Inleiding”, in Handboek Positieve Gezondheid in de huisartspraktijk, →DOI:

The one-and-a-half-meter economy means that general practitioners and hospitals must be organized so that, literally and figuratively, patients are distanced as much as possible until a vaccine is available and has been widely distributed.

an economy wherein the participants are able to keep a distance of one and a half meters from each other


alleenrecht

Afrikaans: alleenreg

From alleen + recht, calque of German Alleinrecht.


monopolie

nl-noun

monopolie n (plural monopoliën or monopolies)

Afrikaans: monopolie

From Middle Dutch monopolie, from Latin monopōlium, from Ancient Greek μονοπώλῐον (monopṓlĭon).


markteconomie

markteconomie f (plural markteconomieën)


neoklassiek

nl-adj

neoklassiek (comparative neoklassieker, superlative neoklassiekst)

neoklassieker (comparative)
neoklassiekst (superlative)
neo-klassiek (alternative)

From neo- (“neo-”) + klassiek (“classical”).


graaiflatie

Blend of graaien (“to snatch, grab”) + inflatie (“inflation”). Gained currency during the 2021-2023 inflation surge.


krimpflatie

Blend of krimpen (“to shrink”) + inflatie, a calque of English shrinkflation.


autarkie

→ Indonesian: autarki

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αὐτάρκεια (autárkeia). First attested in 1669.

bor+

(economics, politics) self-sufficiency, autarky


aanschafprijs

nl-noun

aanschafprijs m (plural aanschafprijzen)


aankoopprijs

aankoopprijs m (plural aankoopprijzen, diminutive aankoopprijsje n)

aankoopprijzen (plural)
aankoopprijsje (diminutive neuter)


handelsbelemmering

handelsbelemmering f (plural handelsbelemmeringen)


deflatie

→ Indonesian: deflasi

→ Malay: deflasi

Borrowed from German Deflation in the late 19th century in the geological sense. The economic sense is from the 1920s and is borrowed from English deflation or French déflation.

(economics) deflation (decrease in general price level)


deflatoir

nl-adj

deflatoir (comparative deflatoirder, superlative deflatoirst)

deflatoirder (comparative)
deflatoirst (superlative)
deflatoir (adverbial positive predicative)
deflatoirder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het deflatoirst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het deflatoirste (adverbial predicative superlative)
deflatoire (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
deflatoirdere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
deflatoirste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
deflatoir (indefinite neuter positive singular)
deflatoirder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
deflatoirste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
deflatoire (indefinite plural positive)
deflatoirdere (comparative indefinite plural)
deflatoirste (indefinite plural superlative)
deflatoire (definite positive)
deflatoirdere (comparative definite)
deflatoirste (definite superlative)
deflatoirs (partitive positive)
deflatoirders (comparative partitive)


inflatoir

inflatoir (comparative inflatoirder, superlative inflatoirst)

inflatoirder (comparative)
inflatoirst (superlative)
inflatoir (adverbial positive predicative)
inflatoirder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het inflatoirst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het inflatoirste (adverbial predicative superlative)
inflatoire (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
inflatoirdere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
inflatoirste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
inflatoir (indefinite neuter positive singular)
inflatoirder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
inflatoirste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
inflatoire (indefinite plural positive)
inflatoirdere (comparative indefinite plural)
inflatoirste (indefinite plural superlative)
inflatoire (definite positive)
inflatoirdere (comparative definite)
inflatoirste (definite superlative)
inflatoirs (partitive positive)
inflatoirders (comparative partitive)


schuldenrem

nl-noun

schuldenrem f (plural schuldenremmen, diminutive schuldenremmetje n)

schuldenremmen (plural)
schuldenremmetje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of schuld (“debt”) + -en- + rem (“brake”), calque of German Schuldenbremse.

com+

(chiefly German politics) debt brake, balanced budget (measures enacted to prevent the growth of national debt)


positioneel

positioneel (adverbial positive predicative)
positionele (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
positioneel (indefinite neuter positive singular)
positionele (indefinite plural positive)
positionele (definite positive)
positioneels (partitive positive)

Borrowed from English positional or German positionell. By surface analysis, positie + -eel.

(economics) positional (having or pertaining to a value that is a function of its social desirability, as opposed to its utility)