aardwolf

nl-noun

aardwolf m (plural aardwolven, diminutive aardwolfje n)

aardwolven (plural)
aardwolfje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Afrikaans aardwolf. Equivalent to aard + wolf.


acacia

acacia m (plural acacia's, diminutive acaciaatje n)

acacia's (plural)
acaciaatje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: akasia

Borrowed from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía).

a shrub or tree of a species that belongs to the genus Acacia

(particularly) Synonym of robinia (“Robinia pseudoacacia”)


os

Afrikaans: os

Negerhollands: os

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.


beer

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)

beren (plural)
beertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: beer

→ Papiamentu: ber, beer

From Middle Dutch bēre, from Old Dutch *bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.

De beer drinkt bier.

a bear, any member of the family Ursidae


beer

Afrikaans: beer

From Middle Dutch bêer, from Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

De kinderboerderij heeft een aantal zeugen en maar één beer.

The petting zoo has a number of sows and only one boar.


wolf

wolf m (plural wolven, diminutive wolfje n, feminine wolvin)

wolven (plural)
wolfje (diminutive neuter)
wolvin (feminine)

Afrikaans: wolf

Jersey Dutch: wâlf

Negerhollands: wuluwuluk

→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)

From Middle Dutch wolf, from Old Dutch *wulf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.

Ze gingen de wolven bekijken in de dierentuin.

They went to look at the wolves in the zoo.

Er bestaan verschillende soorten wolven.

one of many other canids of the family Canidae, especially of the genus Canis


grapefruit

grapefruit m (plural grapefruits, diminutive grapefruitje n)

grapefruits (plural)
grapefruitje (diminutive neuter)

Citrus paradisi
Citrus paradisi#Translingual

grapefruit (tree of the species Citrus paradisi)

grapefruit (fruit produced by the tree of the species Citrus paradisi)


fruit

Berbice Creole Dutch: frutu

From Middle Dutch fruut, froyt, from Old French fruit, from Latin frūctus. Doublet of vrucht.

(usually collective) fruit (produced by trees or bushes, or any sweet vegetable; only literal sense)


big

big m or f (plural biggen, diminutive biggetje n)

biggen (plural)
biggetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch bagge, vigge, from Old Dutch *bigga, from Proto-West Germanic *biggō. Originally a word exclusive to the Northern Dutch dialects.


bot

bot m (plural botten, diminutive botje n)

botten (plural)
botje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bot

→ West Frisian: bot

From Middle Dutch bot. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“stumpy”). Cognate with English butt (“flatfish”), German Butt (“lefteye flounder”), West Frisian bot (“flounder”).

Ik heb een heerlijke bot gevangen tijdens het vissen.

I caught a delicious flounder while fishing.


dar

dar m (plural darren, diminutive darretje n)

darren (plural)
darretje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch darne, by metathesis from dorne, from Old Dutch *drān, from Proto-West Germanic *drānu, from Proto-Germanic *drēnuz.

drone (non-working male bee, ant or wasp)


anoa

anoa m (plural anoa's, diminutive anoaatje n)

anoa's (plural)
anoaatje (diminutive neuter)


guanaco

guanaco m (plural guanaco's, diminutive guanacootje n)

guanaco's (plural)
guanacootje (diminutive neuter)

Lama guanicoe
Lama guanicoe#Translingual

guanaco (a South American ruminant (Lama guanicoe), closely related to the other lamoids, the alpaca, llama, and vicuña in the family Camelidae)


plant

plant f (plural planten, diminutive plantje n)

planten (plural)
plantje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: plan, plant

From Middle Dutch plante, from Latin planta. Doublet of clan.

plant, any member of the kingdom Plantae


impala

impala m (plural impala's, diminutive impalaatje n)

impala's (plural)
impalaatje (diminutive neuter)


koala

koala m (plural koala's, diminutive koalaatje n)

koala's (plural)
koalaatje (diminutive neuter)


wombat

wombat m (plural wombats, diminutive wombatje n)

wombats (plural)
wombatje (diminutive neuter)


alpaca

alpaca m (plural alpaca's, diminutive alpacaatje n)

alpaca's (plural)
alpacaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Spanish alpaca, from Aymara allpaqa.


green

Borrowed from North Germanic, from Old Norse grǫn.

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris#Translingual


kiwi

kiwi m (plural kiwi's, diminutive kiwietje n)

kiwi's (plural)
kiwietje (diminutive neuter)

Actinidia deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosa#Translingual

kiwi plant, Actinidia deliciosa syn. Actinidia chinensis var. hispida


lama

lama m (plural lama's, diminutive lamaatje n)

lama's (plural)
lamaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Spanish llama, from Quechua llama.


lama

(informal, Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of laat maar (“never mind”).


alligator

alligator m (plural alligators, diminutive alligatortje n)

alligators (plural)
alligatortje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English alligator, from Spanish el lagarto (“the lizard”).

alligator, crocodilian of the genus Alligator


sepia

From Middle Dutch sepia, a direct borrowing from Latin sepia, and reinforced by French or Italian.


gans

gans f (plural ganzen, diminutive gansje n)

ganzen (plural)
gansje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gans

→ Xhosa: urhanisi

→ Zulu: ihansi

Jersey Dutch: xânz

Negerhollands: gans

→ Lokono: kansa

→ Caribbean Hindustani: hans

→ Papiamentu: gans (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: gansi

→ Aukan: gansi

→ Saramaccan: gánsi

From Middle Dutch gans (alongside gōs, gās), from Proto-West Germanic *gans, from Proto-Germanic *gans.

a goose, a waterfowl of the family Anatidae, especially of the subfamily Anserinae excepting the genera Cygnus and Coscoroba; in non-scientific usage the term may be applied to larger waterfowl of the Anatidae who do not belong to the Anserinae


slang

slang n (plural slangs, diminutive slangetje n)

slangs (plural)
slangetje (diminutive neuter)

slang, language outside the conventional register specific to a social group


lam

lam n (plural lammeren, diminutive lammetje n)

lammeren (plural)
lammetje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: lam, lamtje

→ Papiamentu: lamchi, lammetsje

From Middle Dutch lam, from Old Dutch *lamb, from Proto-West Germanic *lamb.

(metonymically) the meat - or fleece/wool produce of a lamb; a dish prepared from lamb's meat

(figuratively) a gentle person, especially an innocent child


lam

nl-adj

lam (comparative lammer, superlative lamst)

lammer (comparative)
lamst (superlative)
lam (adverbial positive predicative)
lammer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het lamst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het lamste (adverbial predicative superlative)
lamme (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
lammere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
lamste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
lam (indefinite neuter positive singular)
lammer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
lamste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
lamme (indefinite plural positive)
lammere (comparative indefinite plural)
lamste (indefinite plural superlative)
lamme (definite positive)
lammere (comparative definite)
lamste (definite superlative)
lams (partitive positive)
lammers (comparative partitive)

Negerhollands: lam

→ Caribbean Javanese: lam

→ Papiamentu: lam

From Middle Dutch lam, from Old Dutch *lam, from Proto-West Germanic *lam, from Proto-Germanic *lamaz.


dodo

nl-noun

dodo m (plural dodo's, diminutive dodootje n)

dodo's (plural)
dodootje (diminutive neuter)

Raphus cucullatus
Raphus cucullatus#Translingual


spelt

From Middle Dutch spelte, from Old Dutch *spelta, either from Frankish *spelta or Latin spelta, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *spiltaz.


keep

keep m (plural kepen, diminutive keepje n)

kepen (plural)
keepje (diminutive neuter)

Unknown, but possibly related to German Kepf (“bird of prey”).
West Frisian keepfink (“bramblefinch”) is likely an adapted borrowing of the Dutch.

Fringilla montifringilla
Fringilla montifringilla#Translingual


look

look n or m (plural loken, diminutive lookje n)

loken (plural)
lookje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch look, from Old Dutch *lōk, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz. Compare Low German look, Look, German Lauch, English leek, Danish løg, Swedish lök. More at leek.


wisent

wisent m (plural wisenten, diminutive wisentje n)

wisenten (plural)
wisentje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Wisent in the 19th century. The native word, Middle Dutch wesende, from Old Dutch *wisent (in the placename Wisenthurst) had by then long been obsolete due to the medieval extinction of the species in Western Europe.
Breeding programmes and the establishment of several viable herds in the Netherlands has since the early 21st century rendered the word familiar to a broader audience; it was previously mostly restricted to a learned context.


biet

biet f (plural bieten, diminutive bietje n)

bieten (plural)
bietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: beet

→ Indonesian: beet

From Middle Dutch bete, from Latin bēta.

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual

beet, beetroot plant or tuber of the genus Beta, esp. Beta vulgaris


lynx

lynx m (plural lynxen, diminutive lynxje n)

lynxen (plural)
lynxje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch linx, from Latin lynx, from Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx). Doublet of los (“lynx”).

lynx, felid of the genus Lynx, in particular the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx); sometimes used of other medium-sized felids with large, plumed ears


otter

otter m (plural otters, diminutive ottertje n)

otters (plural)
ottertje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: otro

From Middle Dutch otter, from Old Dutch *ottar, from Proto-West Germanic *otr.


octopus

octopus m (plural octopussen, diminutive octopusje n)

octopussen (plural)
octopusje (diminutive neuter)

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώπους (oktṓpous), from ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).


ram

ram m (plural rammen, diminutive rammetje n, feminine ooi)

rammen (plural)
rammetje (diminutive neuter)
ooi (feminine)

Afrikaans: ram

From Middle Dutch ram (“a male sheep”), from Old Dutch *ram, of West-Germanic origin, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“strong”). Cognate to English ram (“a male sheep”).


teek

teek m (plural teken, diminutive teekje n)

teken (plural)
teekje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch teke, from Old Dutch *tika, from Proto-West Germanic *tīkō (“tick”).


raaf

raaf m or f (plural raven, diminutive raafje n)

raven (plural)
raafje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: raaf

→ Sranan Tongo: rafru

From Middle Dutch rāve, formed by reanalysis of the older singular form rāven which was reinterpreted as a plural. From Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.

a raven, term used for certain other large birds of the genus Corvus


peer

peer f (plural peren, diminutive peertje n)

peren (plural)
peertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: peer

Jersey Dutch: pêr

→ Aukan: peli

→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)

From Middle Dutch pēre, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.

De supermarkt verkoopt heerlijke peren van lokale boomgaarden.

The supermarket sells delicious pears from local orchards.

Ik heb een sappige rijpe peer voor mijn lunch.

Het oude peertje in de lamp is kapot, we moeten het vervangen.

The old light bulb in the lamp is broken, we need to replace it.

Ze draaide het peertje in de fitting en de kamer was weer verlicht.

She screwed in the light bulb and the room was illuminated again.


peer

peer m (plural peren, diminutive peertje n)

De tuin heeft een prachtige peer staan die elk jaar veel fruit produceert.

The garden has a beautiful pear tree that yields a lot of fruit every year.

Hij plantte een jong peertje in zijn achtertuin.

He planted a young pear tree in his backyard.

De oude peer in de boomgaard gaf heerlijke vruchten.

The old pear tree in the orchard produced delicious fruits.

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


peen

peen f (plural penen, diminutive peentje n)

penen (plural)
peentje (diminutive neuter)

Originally the plural of pee, perhaps from Middle Dutch *pede, with plural peden (with a single attestation), of uncertain origin. Compare schoen and teen, also originally plurals but later singulars. Proposed cognates include English pith and French pied.

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual


ekster

ekster m (plural eksters, diminutive ekstertje n)

eksters (plural)
ekstertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ekster

From Middle Dutch egestre, exter, from Old Dutch *agastra, from Proto-West Germanic *agastrijā.


putter

putter m (plural putters, diminutive puttertje n)

putters (plural)
puttertje (diminutive neuter)

Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis carduelis#Translingual

a European goldfinch, Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)


ruin

ruin m (plural ruinen, diminutive ruintje n)

ruinen (plural)
ruintje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch rûun. Cognate with Middle Low German rûne, Middle High German rūn. Further origin unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out, rip off”).


bij

nl-adj

bij (used only predicatively, not comparable)

From Middle Dutch bi, from Old Dutch bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi.

Eerst leek hij te langzaam, maar nu is hij weer bij.

First he seemed too slow, but now he has caught up again.


jaguar

nl-noun

jaguar m (plural jaguars, diminutive jaguartje n)

jaguars (plural)
jaguartje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈdʒɛ.ɡuˌɑr/

/ˈdʒɛ.ɡuˌər/

Apparently borrowed from French jaguar, from Portuguese jaguar, from Old Tupi îagûara. The contemporary pronunciation derives from English jaguar.

As for the puma and the jaguar, it clearly appears from the descriptions by them, who have seen these animals, that the cougar is not a lion, and [that] the jaguar is not a tiger; […]

1777, De Buffon, De algemeene en byzondere natuurlyke historie, vol. 5, part 1, tr. from French, J. H. Schneider (publ.), page 5. Wat den puma en den jaguar betreft, het blykt duidelyk uit de beſchryvingen van hun, die deze dieren gezien hebben, dat de puma geen leeuw is, en de jaguar geen tyger; […]


okapi

okapi m (plural okapi's, diminutive okapietje n)

okapi's (plural)
okapietje (diminutive neuter)


giraffe

giraffe f (plural giraffen or giraffes, diminutive giraffetje n or girafje n)

giraffen (plural)
giraffes (plural)
giraffetje (diminutive neuter)
girafje (diminutive neuter)

Possibly via German Giraffe, from Italian giraffa, from Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa).


munt

munt f (plural munten, diminutive muntje n)

munten (plural)
muntje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: min

From Middle Dutch mente, minte, from Latin mentha.


mot

mot f (plural motten, diminutive motje n)

motten (plural)
motje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: mot

→ Papiamentu: mot (dated)

From Middle Dutch motte. Cognate to English moth, German Motte.

butterfly-like insect: moth (usually nocturnal insect of the order Lepidoptera)


appel

appel m (plural appels or appelen, diminutive appeltje n)

appels (plural)
appelen (plural)
appeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: appel
→ Xhosa: i-apile

Berbice Creole Dutch: apl

Jersey Dutch: āpel

Negerhollands: apl

→ Loup A: abel

→ Mahican: ápenes (from the plural form)

→ Malay: apel (Indonesian)

Indonesian: apêl

→? Mohegan-Pequot: appece

→ Munsee: áapulash (from the plural form)

→ Papiamentu: apel, appel

→? Sranan Tongo: apra

→ Caribbean Hindustani: aprá

→ Caribbean Javanese: aprah

→ Lokono: apra

→ Unami: apëlìsh (from the plural form)

From Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

Syzygium samarangense
Syzygium samarangense#Translingual

(Suriname) wax apple, Syzygium samarangense


appel

appel n (plural appels, diminutive appelletje n)

appels (plural)
appelletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: appèl

→ Caribbean Javanese: apèl

→ Indonesian: apèl

→ Papiamentu: apèl

From Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel.

(military) roll call (muster of troops at which names are read out, to see if all are present)


das

das m (plural dassen, diminutive dasje n)

dassen (plural)
dasje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: das, dassie

→ English: dassie

Jersey Dutch: dās

→ West Frisian: das

From Middle Dutch das, from Old Dutch *thas, from Proto-West Germanic *þahs, from Proto-Germanic *þahsuz.

a badger, various species of genera Meles and Taxidea


mus

mus f (plural mussen, diminutive musje n)

mussen (plural)
musje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mossie

→ Papiamentu: mùs

From Middle Dutch mussche, from Old Dutch musca, from Latin muscio, derived from musca (“fly”).
Cognate with Limburgish mösj, Central Franconian Mösch, Mesch, Luxembourgish Mësch.

sparrow, bird of the family Passeridae, especially of the genus Passer and a few smaller genera


ei

ei n (plural eieren, diminutive eitje n)

eieren (plural)
eitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eier

Berbice Creole Dutch: airi

Jersey Dutch: āi

Negerhollands: ee, eiu, eyu, eju

From Middle Dutch ei, from Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Ik heb een ei gebakken voor het ontbijt.

Pasen is een feest waarbij veel eieren worden geschilderd.

Easter is a festival where many eggs are painted.

In deze doos zitten twaalf eieren.


papyrus

papyrus m (plural papyri or papyrussen, diminutive papyrusje n)

papyri (plural)
papyrussen (plural)
papyrusje (diminutive neuter)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual


serpent

serpent n or f or m (plural serpenten, diminutive serpentje n)

serpenten (plural)
serpentje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch serpent, from Old French serpent (“snake, serpent”), from Latin serpēns (“snake”), from the verb serpō (“I creep, crawl”).


wildebeest

wildebeest n (plural wildebeesten, diminutive wildebeestje n)

wildebeesten (plural)
wildebeestje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Afrikaans wildebees (literally “wild ox”). Equivalent to wilde + beest.


gazelle

nl-noun

gazelle f (plural gazellen, diminutive gazelletje n)

gazellen (plural)
gazelletje (diminutive neuter)

/ˌɣaːˈzɛ.lə/

Unadapted borrowing from French gazelle.


galah

galah m (plural galahs, diminutive galahtje n)

galahs (plural)
galahtje (diminutive neuter)


hyena

hyena f (plural hyena's, diminutive hyenaatje n)

hyena's (plural)
hyenaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin hyaena, from Ancient Greek ὕαινα (húaina).

hyena, any member of the family Hyaenidae


hond

hond m (plural honden, diminutive hondje n)

honden (plural)
hondje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hond

Berbice Creole Dutch: hondo

Jersey Dutch: hônt

Negerhollands: hond, hon, hont, hun

→ Virgin Islands Creole: hont (dated)

From Middle Dutch hont, from Old Dutch hunt, from Proto-West Germanic *hund, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwn̥tós, from *ḱwṓ. Cognate to German Hund, English hound.

De hond rent achter de bal aan.

Zijn hond is zijn beste vriend.

Het hondje speelt in de tuin.

The little dog is playing in the garden.

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual


flamingo

flamingo m (plural flamingo's, diminutive flamingootje n)

flamingo's (plural)
flamingootje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: flamink

Borrowed from Portuguese flamingo, from Spanish flamengo, from Old Occitan flamenc, which derives either from Latin flamma (“flame”), after the color of its plumage, or (less likely) from Middle Dutch vlaminc, after their ruddy skin color (compare Spanish flamenco).

a flamingo, bird of the family Phoenicopteridae


cobra

cobra f (plural cobra's, diminutive cobraatje n)

cobra's (plural)
cobraatje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: kobra

Borrowed from Portuguese cobra, from Old Galician-Portuguese coobra, from Latin colubra.


panda

panda m (plural panda's, diminutive pandaatje n)

panda's (plural)
pandaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French panda, apparently from regional Tibetan ཕོ་ཉ (pho nya).

Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Ailuropoda melanoleuca#Translingual

panda, giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Ailurus fulgens
Ailurus fulgens#Translingual


frater

frater m (plural fraters, diminutive fratertje n)

fraters (plural)
fratertje (diminutive neuter)

Linaria flavirostris
Linaria flavirostris#Translingual

a twite (Linaria flavirostris, syn. Carduelis flavirostris)


bes

bes f (plural bessen, diminutive besje n)

bessen (plural)
besje (diminutive neuter)


aal

aal m (plural alen, diminutive aaltje n)

alen (plural)
aaltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch âel, from Old Dutch *āl, from Proto-West Germanic *āl, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.

Anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla#Translingual


mug

mug f (plural muggen, diminutive mugje n or muggetje n)

muggen (plural)
mugje (diminutive neuter)
muggetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mug

→ English: muggie

From Middle Dutch mugge, from Old Dutch *mugga, from Proto-West Germanic *muggju, from Proto-Germanic *mugjō (“midge”).
Compare Low German mügge, German Mücke, West Frisian mich, English midge, Danish myg.

a mosquito, a gnat, any fly of the suborder Nematocera except sometimes the larger tropical species (which are commonly called muskiet)


anaconda

anaconda, constrictor of the genus Eunectes


coyote

coyote m (plural coyotes, diminutive coyootje n)

coyotes (plural)
coyootje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English coyote, from Spanish coyote, from a Nahuan language, from Proto-Nahuan *koyootl.


basilisk

basilisk m (plural basilisken, diminutive basiliskje n)

basilisken (plural)
basiliskje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch basilisc, from Latin basiliscus, from Ancient Greek βασιλίσκος (basilískos).

a basilisk, a tree-dwelling lizard of the genus Basiliscus


gander

gander m (plural ganders, diminutive gandertje n)

ganders (plural)
gandertje (diminutive neuter)

Most likely from English gander or Low German gander, ganner. Both are possibly formed from gans (“goose”) in an analogous way as kater (“male cat”) from kat (“(female) cat”) and doffer (“male dove”) from duif (“(female) dove”).


rob

rob m (plural robben, diminutive robbetje n)

robben (plural)
robbetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rob

Uncertain; compare English rabbit. Or, possibly related to Latvian rups (“coarse, rough”), referring to the whiskers. Also compared is the personal name Robbe. Has also compared to English rub, referring to seals' movements, but this is unlikely.


rob

rob f (plural robben, diminutive robbeken n)

robben (plural)
robbeken (diminutive neuter)

Uncertain; compare English rabbit, as well as English rub, referring to the fur. Or, from Proto-West Germanic *reufan (“to tear”), hinted by the animals' digging of tunnels.


ros

ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

rossen (plural)
rosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ros

desc

⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)

→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)

From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.


ros

nl-adj

ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

rosser (comparative)
meest ros (superlative)
rost (superlative)
ros (adverbial positive predicative)
rosser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het rost (adverbial predicative superlative)
het roste (adverbial predicative superlative)
rosse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
rossere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
roste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
ros (indefinite neuter positive singular)
rosser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
roste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
rosse (indefinite plural positive)
rossere (comparative indefinite plural)
roste (indefinite plural superlative)
rosse (definite positive)
rossere (comparative definite)
roste (definite superlative)
ros (partitive positive)
rossers (comparative partitive)


kip

nl-noun

kip f (plural kippen, diminutive kippetje n or kipje n)

kippen (plural)
kippetje (diminutive neuter)
kipje (diminutive neuter)

Petjo: kip (archaic)

→ Loup A: kipkip

→ Mohawk: kítkit

→ Oneida: kítkit

→ Mohegan-Pequot: kikipus

Nederlandsche vogelen
Nicoline van der Sijs

Possibly from an imitative birdcall. Not found in Middle Dutch or other Germanic languages. Displaced the older term hen in northern Dutch around the 18th century.
The policeman sense might be from French "poulet", refering to police station in Paris that was built over a former farm.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(chiefly Netherlands) a chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus


vos

nl-noun

vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)

vossen (plural)
vosje (diminutive neuter)
vossin (feminine)

Afrikaans: vos

Jersey Dutch: vośe

Negerhollands: vos

From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

een vos verliest wel zijn haren, maar niet zijn streken


eend

eend f (plural eenden, diminutive eendje n)

eenden (plural)
eendje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eend

Jersey Dutch: êntśe (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch ent, eent, from Old Dutch ened, Proto-West Germanic *anad, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts. Cognate with German Ente, English ennet.

Coordinate term: woerd

duck, waterfowl of the family Anatidae excluding the subfamily Anserinae; in non-scientific usage the term may be reserved for only the smaller (not goose-like) members of the Anatidae or reserved for females only


muil

muil m (plural muilen, diminutive muiltje n)

muilen (plural)
muiltje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: milen, myel

From Middle Dutch muul, from Latin (calceus) mulleus (“red shoe”).

De sprookjesprins zocht Assepoester, met als enige aanwijzing haar glazen muiltje.

The fairytale prince looked for Cinderella with her glass slipper as the only clue.

(usually as diminutive) a flat type of footwear


haas

haas m (plural hazen, diminutive haasje n)

hazen (plural)
haasje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: haas

Jersey Dutch: hâśe (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch hāse, from Old Dutch *haso, Proto-West Germanic *hasō ~ *haʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *hasô.


muur

muur m (plural muren, diminutive muurtje n)

muren (plural)
muurtje (diminutive neuter)

From Proto-West Germanic *meur-, of unknown origin, possibly a substrate word given the limited geographical distribution.

any of various small plants of the Caryophyllaceae family, particularly of genus Stellaria (chickweed) but also including others such as Arenaria (sandwort) and Sagina (pearlwort)


hop

hop m (plural hoppen, diminutive hopje n)

hoppen (plural)
hopje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch hoppe, ultimately from Latin upupa (“hoopoe”), which may have been borrowed through Old French huppe.

hoopoe, the species Upupa epops or an individual of this species


kitten

kitten m (plural kittens, diminutive kittentje n)

kittens (plural)
kittentje (diminutive neuter)

2015, Joubert Pignon, "Kittens", in Paul van der Steen (ed.), Negenenhalf leven. Nieuwe en klassieke kattenverhalen, Xander Uitgevers B.V. (publ.).
Telkens wanneer we in een huis kwamen wonen, zei ik tegen mijn vriendin dat dit geen huis voor kittens was, maar dat we ooit een huis zouden hebben dat geschikt is voor kittens. Ik hoopte dat we nooit in een huis zouden wonen dat geschikt is voor kittens.

Each time when we began living in a house, I told my girlfriend that this was not a house for kittens, but that we would have a house one day that is appropriate for kittens. I hoped that we would never live in a house that is appropriate for kittens.


kitten

kitten (infinitive)
kitten (gerund neuter)
kit (first-person present singular)
kitte (first-person past singular)
kit (present second-person singular)
kitte (past second-person singular)
kit (formal present second-person singular)
kitte (formal past second-person singular)
kit (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
kit (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
kitte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
kitte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
kit (present singular third-person)
kitte (past singular third-person)
kitten (plural present)
kitten (past plural)
kitte (archaic present singular subjunctive)
kitte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
kitten (archaic plural present subjunctive)
kitten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
kit (imperative present singular)
kit (archaic imperative plural present)
kittend (participle present)
gekit (participle past)

1996, dr. A.M. Soeterboek & drs. L.F. Stapper, Het geneesmiddel en zijn toepassing, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum (publ., 9th ed.), page 21.
Granulaten zijn poeders die tot kleine brokjes aan elkaar gekit zijn.

Granulates are powders that have been adjoined to one another with sealant.


mango

mango m (plural mango's, diminutive mangootje n)

mango's (plural)
mangootje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English mango, from Portuguese manga, from Malay mangga, from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), from மா (mā, “mango species”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”).

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)


adder

nl-noun

adder m or f (plural adders or adderen, diminutive addertje n)

adders (plural)
adderen (plural)
addertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: adder

Negerhollands: adder

From Middle Dutch adder, adre, rebracketing of nadder, nadre, from Old Dutch *nadra, from Proto-West Germanic *nadrā.

viper, adder; snake of the family Viperidae


dragon

Borrowed from Middle French dragon, from Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn), from Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

der

Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn)

Artemisia dracunculus
Artemisia dracunculus#Translingual

the edible Mediterranean herb Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), used as a salad spice


bok

nl-noun

bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n)

bokken (plural)
bokje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bok
→ Xhosa: ibhokhwe

Negerhollands: bok

Sranan Tongo: boko, bokoboko

Aukan: boko boko

From Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.


meerkat

meerkat f (plural meerkatten, diminutive meerkatje n)

meerkatten (plural)
meerkatje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: meerkat
→ English: meerkat, meercat, mierkat
→ Japanese: ミーアキャット (mīakyatto)
→ Korean: 미어캣 (mieokaet)
→ Thai: เมียร์แคต (miia-kɛ́t)

From Middle Dutch meercatte (“monkey, ape”), from Old Dutch *merikatta. Equivalent to meer + kat. Cognate with Old High German merikazza (German Meerkatze).

De groene meerkat of vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) is de meest voorkomende aap in zuidelijk Afrika.

2013, Bas Vlugt, Namibië, Botswana en Zimbabwe:

The African green monkey or vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) is the most common monkey in southern Africa.

2016, Sterre Leufkens, Taal, in Elementaire deeltjes, vol. 40, Amsterdam University Press (publ.), page 32.
Het bijzondere aan meerkatten is dat ze hun waarschuwingssignalen betekenisvol kunnen combineren met andere woordjes.

The special thing about guenons is that they can meaningfully combine their warning signals with other short words.

a guenon, vervet, talapoin or patas; one of a number of monkeys of the genus Cercopithecus, or of the tribe Cercopithecini


hen

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

From Old Dutch hin, from Proto-Germanic *himaz.


hen

nl-noun

hen f (plural hennen, diminutive hennetje n, masculine haan)

hennen (plural)
hennetje (diminutive neuter)
haan (masculine)

Afrikaans: hen

Jersey Dutch: hän

From Middle Dutch henne, from Old Dutch *henna, from Proto-West Germanic *hannju, from Proto-Germanic *hanjō, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n- (“to sing”).

hen, female chicken; female of a related species

a female of the species of birds brooding on the ground

(figuratively) 'bird', colloquial term for a human female


hen

Chosen in an online poll by Transgender Netwerk Nederland in 2016. The alternative die arose from the same poll.

(gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular) (subject pronoun). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.

(gender-neutral, nonstandard) them (singular) (object pronoun). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.


worm

worm m (plural wormen, diminutive wormpje n)

wormen (plural)
wormpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wurm

Berbice Creole Dutch: worum

Negerhollands: worm, wurum

From Middle Dutch worm, from Old Dutch *wurm, *worm, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis. Compare English worm, West Frisian wjirm, German Wurm, Danish orm.

worm, vernacular term for various, mostly legless invertebrates; often nematodes or legless arthropod larvae.


trap

trap f (plural trappen, diminutive trapje n)

trappen (plural)
trapje (diminutive neuter)

From German Trappe, from Polish drop or Czech drop.


den

den m (plural dennen, diminutive dennetje n)

dennen (plural)
dennetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch dan, danne, denne (“pine tree”), from Old Dutch *danna, from Proto-West Germanic *dannā (“pine tree”). Cognate with German Tanne.


sinaasappel

nl-noun

sinaasappel m (plural sinaasappelen or sinaasappels, diminutive sinaasappeltje n)

sinaasappelen (plural)
sinaasappels (plural)
sinaasappeltje (diminutive neuter)

Modification of earlier Chinas-appel (literally “China’s apple”).


beagle

beagle m (plural beagles, diminutive beagletje n)

beagles (plural)
beagletje (diminutive neuter)


tong

tong m (plural tongen, diminutive tongetje n)

tongen (plural)
tongetje (diminutive neuter)

a kind of flatfish, the common sole, Solea solea


stern

stern m (plural sterns or sternen, diminutive sterntje n)

sterns (plural)
sternen (plural)
sterntje (diminutive neuter)

Possibly cognate with Latin sturnus (“starling”).


courgette

Unadapted borrowing from French courgette, diminutive formed from courge, ultimately from Latin cucurbita.

ubor

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

the courgette plant, a variety of Cucurbita pepo


albatros

nl-noun

albatros m (plural albatrossen, diminutive albatrosje n)

albatrossen (plural)
albatrosje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English albatross, from Spanish or Portuguese alcatraz.

albatross, seabird of the family Diomedeidae


gent

gent m (plural genten, diminutive gentje n)

genten (plural)
gentje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch gent, from Old Dutch *genit, variant of *ganut, from Proto-West Germanic *ganut, from Proto-Germanic *ganutaz.


gent

De genten vormen een familie in de orde der Suliformes.

The Sulidae constitute a family in the Suliformes order.


kea

kea m (plural kea's, diminutive keaatje n)

kea's (plural)
keaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English kea, from Maori kea.

Nestor notabilis
Nestor notabilis#Translingual


kumquat

kumquat m (plural kumquats, diminutive kumquatje n)

kumquats (plural)
kumquatje (diminutive neuter)


omelet

omelet f (plural omeletten, diminutive omeletje n)

omeletten (plural)
omeletje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: òmelèt


azalea

azalea f or m (plural azalea's, diminutive azaleaatje n)

azalea's (plural)
azaleaatje (diminutive neuter)

azalea, plant of the obsolete genus Azalea


lis

lis m or n (plural lissen, diminutive lisje n)

lissen (plural)
lisje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch lesch, lesche, lisc, lyse; probably from the same ultimate origin as Old High German liska, which see (modern German Liesch).


pad

pad n (plural paden, diminutive paadje n)

paden (plural)
paadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pad

Berbice Creole Dutch: pata

Jersey Dutch: pât, pāt

Negerhollands: pad, pat

From Middle Dutch pat, from Old Dutch path, from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”). Cognate with English path, West Frisian paad and German Pfad.


pad

pad f (plural padden, diminutive padje n)

padden (plural)
padje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: padda

From Middle Dutch padde, pedde, from Old Dutch *padda, from Proto-West Germanic *paddā, from Proto-Germanic *paddǭ (“toad”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old English padde (compare English paddock), Old Norse padda (Swedish padda, Danish/Norwegian padde).

toad (an amphibian of the order Anura similar to a frog with shorter legs and more ragged skin)


pad

pad c (plural padden, diminutive padje n)

(cycling) the slot in the frame that accepts the axle of the wheel; dropout


mier

mier f (plural mieren, diminutive miertje n)

mieren (plural)
miertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mier

Berbice Creole Dutch: mira

Skepi Creole Dutch: mira

→ Ambonese Malay: mir

→ Lokono: miri

→ Aukan: mila

→ Kupang Malay: mir

→ Sranan Tongo: mira

→ West Frisian: mier

From Middle Dutch miere, from Old Dutch *miuri, from Proto-Germanic *miurijǭ.


springbok

springbok m (plural springbokken, diminutive springbokje n)

springbokken (plural)
springbokje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: springbok

→ English: springbok

From springen (“to spring”) + bok (“buck, billy goat, antelope”).


klipspringer

nl-noun

klipspringer m (plural klipspringers, diminutive klipspringertje n)

klipspringers (plural)
klipspringertje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: klipspringer
→ English: klipspringer

From klip (“rock”) + springer (“jumper”). Attested since the early 18th century.


bulldog

nl-noun

bulldog m (plural bulldogs, diminutive bulldogje n)

bulldogs (plural)
bulldogje (diminutive neuter)


chinchilla

chinchilla f (plural chinchilla's, diminutive chinchillaatje n)

chinchilla's (plural)
chinchillaatje (diminutive neuter)

chinchilla, rodent of the genus Chinchilla

long-tailed chinchilla
long-tailed chinchilla

lesser chinchilla, long-tailed chinchilla, Chinchilla lanigera


buldog

buldog m (plural buldoggen or buldogs, diminutive buldogje n)

buldoggen (plural)
buldogs (plural)
buldogje (diminutive neuter)


skink

skink m (plural skinken, diminutive skinkje n)

skinken (plural)
skinkje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English skink, from Middle French scinc, from Latin scincus, from Ancient Greek σκίγγος (skíngos), σκίγκος (skínkos).

a skink, any lizard of the family Scincidae


jak

jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)

jakken (plural)
jakje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)


moa

Borrowed from English moa, from Maori moa, from Proto-Polynesian *moa.

moa (extinct bird of the family Dinornithidae)


haver

haver m (uncountable, diminutive havertje n)

Afrikaans: hawer

Jersey Dutch: hâver

→⇒ English: haversack

→ Papiamentu: haver

→ West Frisian: haver (dialectal)

From Middle Dutch havere, from Old Dutch *havara, from Proto-West Germanic *habrō, from Proto-Germanic *habrô. Cognate with Old Norse hafri, Old English haver, Old High German habaro.

any wild species or cultivar of the genus Avena


bever

bever m (plural bevers, diminutive bevertje n)

bevers (plural)
bevertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bewer

From Middle Dutch bēver, from Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.


aster

aster f (plural asters, diminutive astertje n)

asters (plural)
astertje (diminutive neuter)

From Latin astēr, from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr). Named after the flower's semblance to a star.

aster, flowering plant of the genus Aster


eland

eland m (plural elanden, diminutive elandje n)

elanden (plural)
elandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eland
→ English: eland

From Middle Dutch elant, from obsolete German elen, elend, from Middle High German elen, from Old Lithuanian ellenis.


eider

eider m (plural eiders, diminutive eidertje n)

eiders (plural)
eidertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Icelandic æðr or German Eider, the latter also derives from Icelandic.


emmer

Triticum dicoccon
Triticum dicoccon#Translingual


chiton

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χιτών (khitṓn).

chiton (mollusc of the class Polyplacophora)


ocelot

ocelot m (plural ocelotten, diminutive ocelotje n)

ocelotten (plural)
ocelotje (diminutive neuter)

From French ocelot, a word formed by Buffon from Nahuatl ōcēlōtl (“jaguar”).


tapir

tapir m (plural tapirs, diminutive tapirtje n)

tapirs (plural)
tapirtje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Spanish tapir, from Old Tupi tapi'ira.


vee

Afrikaans: vee

Negerhollands: vee

From Middle Dutch vêe, from Old Dutch fē, from Proto-West Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock”).

Het vee graast in de weide.

The livestock is grazing in the pasture.

De boerderij houdt vee voor zowel melk als vlees.

The farm keeps cattle for both milk and meat.

Ze handelen in vee, voornamelijk schapen en geiten.

They trade in livestock, mainly sheep and goats.


iris

iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

irissen (plural)
irisje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).


spar

spar m (plural sparren, diminutive sparretje n)

sparren (plural)
sparretje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch sparre (“pole, beam”), from Old Dutch *sparro, from Frankish *sparro, from Proto-Germanic *sparrô. Cognate to West Frisian spjir.

spruce; certain tree of the family Pinaceae, especially of the genus Picea, but also used for trees of the genera Abies, Tsuga and Pseudotsuga


ree

ree f or n (plural reeën, diminutive reetje n)

reeën (plural)
reetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ree

From Middle Dutch ree, from Old Dutch rēa, from Proto-West Germanic *raihō, from Proto-Germanic *raihô.

Capreolus capreolus
Capreolus capreolus#Translingual


fret

fret m (plural fretten, diminutive fretje n)

fretten (plural)
fretje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch furet, fret, from Old French furet, from Vulgar Latin *fūrittus, diminutive of Latin fūr (“thief”).

Mustela putorius furo
Mustela putorius furo#Translingual


apin

apin f (plural apinnen, diminutive apinnetje n, masculine aap)

apinnen (plural)
apinnetje (diminutive neuter)
aap (masculine)

From aap (“monkey, ape”) + -in (feminine suffix).


aap

nl-noun

aap m (plural apen, diminutive aapje n, feminine apin)

apen (plural)
aapje (diminutive neuter)
apin (feminine)

Afrikaans: aap

From Middle Dutch āpe, from Old Dutch *apo, from Proto-West Germanic *apō, from Proto-Germanic *apô.

monkey, ape, simian; any member of the infraorder Simiiformes


gorilla

gorilla m (plural gorilla's, diminutive gorillaatje n)

gorilla's (plural)
gorillaatje (diminutive neuter)


konijn

konijn n (plural konijnen, diminutive konijntje n)

konijnen (plural)
konijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: konyn

desctree

→ Indonesian: kelinci
→ Cia-Cia: kelinci, 껠린찌

→ Papiamentu: konènchi, konijntsje (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: konkoni, konikoni

→ Lokono: koneso

→ Aukan: konkoni

desc

→ Caribbean Hindustani: konkoni, kunkuni

→ Caribbean Javanese: koni-koni

From Middle Dutch conijn, from earlier Middle Dutch conin, from Old French connin, a variant of Old French conil, from Latin cunīculus, perhaps from Iberian or Celtiberian. Cognate to English cony, German Kaninchen, Spanish conejo and Portuguese coelho.

a rabbit, a bunny; any non-hare lagomorph of the family Leporidae


cranberry

Unadapted borrowing from English cranberry.


pony

nl-noun

pony m (plural pony's, diminutive pony'tje n)

pony's (plural)
pony'tje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: poni

uncommon, in the meaning “pony, small horse”


helm

From Proto-West Germanic *helm; cognate with Low German helm, English helm (“bentgrass, straw”). Further related to halm (“haulm”); compare English haulm, halm.

marram, European beachgrass, Ammophila arenaria


walrus

walrus m (plural walrussen, diminutive walrusje n)

walrussen (plural)
walrusje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: walrus

The origin of this word is not wholly certain, with several theories proposed. Probably borrowed from Danish hvalros or Swedish valross, from an inversion of Old Norse hrosshvalr (“horse-whale”). Equivalent to wal (“whale; large sea-animal”) + ros (“horse”). The Old Norse word may, however, been a folk-etymological modification of Old Norse rossmal, related to Proto-Germanic *rusta-, from the rust colour of the animal. Preference for borrowing the inverted form could have been due to the influence of the already existing Dutch compound walvis (“whale”, literally “whale-fish”).

compound

Odobenus rosmarus
Odobenus rosmarus#Translingual

walrus, any member of the family Odobenidae of which Odobenus rosmarus is the sole extant member


dahlia

nl-noun

dahlia f (plural dahlia's, diminutive dahliaatje n)

dahlia's (plural)
dahliaatje (diminutive neuter)


begonia

begonia m (plural begonia's, diminutive begoniaatje n)

begonia's (plural)
begoniaatje (diminutive neuter)


asperge

asperge f (plural asperges, diminutive aspergetje n)

asperges (plural)
aspergetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aspersie

→ Papiamentu: asperge

Borrowed from Middle French asperge, from Medieval Latin asparagus, sparagus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos).

Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus officinalis#Translingual

asparagus, Asparagus officinalis (plant, vegetable)


lemming

lemming m (plural lemmingen or lemmings, diminutive lemminkje n)

lemmingen (plural)
lemmings (plural)
lemminkje (diminutive neuter)

From Danish and Norwegian lemming, from Old Norse lómundr, læmingi, læmingr (“lemming”), perhaps from Sami luomek.


geranium

geranium f (plural geraniums, diminutive geraniumpje n)

geraniums (plural)
geraniumpje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from New Latin geranium, from Ancient Greek γέρανος (géranos, “crane”); more at ooievaarsbek.


ananas

nl-noun

ananas f or m (plural ananassen, diminutive ananasje n)

ananassen (plural)
ananasje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: nanasi

Negerhollands: anas

→ Caribbean Hindustani: ajanás

→ Lokono: nana

desctree

→ Malay: nanas
Indonesian: nanas
→ Iban: nanas
→ Maguindanao: nanas

→ Sranan Tongo: n'nasi

→ Kari'na: nana

→ West Frisian: ananas

Borrowed from Spanish ananás or Portuguese ananás, ultimately from Old Tupi nanas.

pineapple plant, plant of the genus Ananassa


mens

nl-noun

mens m (plural mensen, diminutive mensje n)

mensen (plural)
mensje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mens

Negerhollands: mensch, mens

Skepi Creole Dutch: mens

From Middle Dutch mensche, from Old Dutch mennisko, a substantivised form of the adjective *mennisk (“human, humanlike”), from Proto-West Germanic *mannisk, from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz.

De mens is van nature een politiek dier.

Ik ben ook maar een mens!

human, any member of the species Homo sapiens


baobab

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bahobab, from Arabic أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”), from أَبُو (ʔabū, “father”) + حَبّ (ḥabb, “seed”).

der

أَبُو حِبَاب


paard

nl-noun

paard n (plural paarden, diminutive paardje n)

paarden (plural)
paardje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: perd
→ Phuthi: ipere
→ Sotho: pere

Jersey Dutch: pêrt, pêrd

→ English: prad

From Middle Dutch pert, pāert, from Old Dutch *pered, *perid, from Proto-West Germanic *parafred, from Late Latin paraverēdus. Compare German Pferd. Doublet of palefroot.


paprika

nl-noun

paprika f (plural paprika's, diminutive paprikaatje n)

paprika's (plural)
paprikaatje (diminutive neuter)

From German Paprika, from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar (“pepper”), from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from an Indo-Aryan language.

Deze paprika bevat veel zaadjes.

This bell pepper contains a lot of seeds.

Het lukt me niet om paprika te laten groeien op mijn balkon.

I can't get a Capsicum annuum plant to grow on my balcony.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

sweet pepper, bell pepper (plant or fruit of Capsicum annuum varieties yielding sweet peppers)


quinoa

Borrowed from Spanish quinua, from Quechua kinwa.

Chenopodium quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa#Translingual


cactus

cactus m (plural cactussen, diminutive cactusje n)

cactussen (plural)
cactusje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kaktus

→ Indonesian: kaktus

Borrowed from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”), of pre-Greek origin.

der

[[]]cactus, plant of the family Cactaceae


ui

Afrikaans: ui

From a reinterpretation as a plural of Middle Dutch uyen, from Old French oignon (whence also Southern Dutch ajuin), from Latin ūniō.


mais

Negerhollands: mais, majis

Skepi Creole Dutch: mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi, from Proto-Arawak *marikɨ.

Ik hou van gegrilde mais op de barbecue.

Mais is een belangrijk gewas in vele delen van de wereld.

Maize is an important crop in many parts of the world.

We plantten mais in onze tuin dit jaar.

We planted corn in our garden this year.


katachtige

felid, feline; any member of the family Felidae


kater

nl-noun

kater m (plural katers, diminutive katertje n, feminine kat or kattin or vrouwtjeskat or poes)

katers (plural)
katertje (diminutive neuter)
kat (feminine)
kattin (feminine)
vrouwtjeskat (feminine)
poes (feminine)

From Middle Dutch cāter, from Old Dutch *kataro, from Proto-West Germanic *kataʀō.


citroengras

→ Sranan Tongo: strungrasi

Compound of citroen (“lemon”) + gras (“grass”).

Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus#Translingual


alg

alg f (plural algen, diminutive algje n)

algen (plural)
algje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Alge (“alga”), from Latin alga (“alga”).


chili

Borrowing from Spanish chili, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.


oregano

Borrowed from Spanish orégano, from Latin orīganum, from Ancient Greek ὀρίγανον (oríganon).

(botany) Synonym of wilde marjolein (“oregano plant, Origanum vulgare”)


aubergine

aubergine f (plural aubergines, diminutive auberginetje n)

aubergines (plural)
auberginetje (diminutive neuter)

Unadapted borrowing from French aubergine, from Catalan albergínia, from Arabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān, “the eggplant”), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân), from باتنجان (bâtenjân), from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātigagama, “eggplant”, literally “the plant that cures the wind”).

der

اَلْبَاذِنْجَان

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

an aubergine, an eggplant (plant), Solanum melongena

the fruit of the eggplant, an aubergine (fruit)


reseda

nl-noun

reseda f (plural reseda's, diminutive resedaatje n)

reseda's (plural)
resedaatje (diminutive neuter)

a reseda, a plant of the family Resedaceae, particularly those of the genus Reseda


salamander

salamander m (plural salamanders, diminutive salamandertje n)

salamanders (plural)
salamandertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: salamander

→ Malay: salamander

Indonesian: salamander

→ West Frisian: salamander

From Middle Dutch salamander, from Latin salamandra, from Ancient Greek σαλαμάνδρα (salamándra).

salamander, amphibian of the order Caudata


Vlaamse gaai

Vlaamse gaai m (plural Vlaamse gaaien, diminutive Vlaams gaaitje n)

Vlaamse gaaien (plural)
Vlaams gaaitje (diminutive neuter)

Garrulus glandarius
Garrulus glandarius#Translingual


rog

rog m (plural roggen, diminutive rogje n or roggetje n)

roggen (plural)
rogje (diminutive neuter)
roggetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: rog (dated)

From Middle Dutch rochge, rogge, possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz (“rough”), referring to the fish's texture. Cognate with Middle Low German roche, ruche, Old English reohhe, ruhha, German Rochen.

skate (flat-bodied fish of the family Rajidae)


vogel

vogel m (plural vogels or vogelen, diminutive vogeltje n or vogelijn n)

vogels (plural)
vogelen (plural)
vogeltje (diminutive neuter)
vogelijn (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: voël
→ English: voël

Jersey Dutch: fœüxel

Negerhollands: vogel

Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul

→? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool

→ Saramaccan: fóu

From Middle Dutch vōgel, from Old Dutch fogal, vogal, from Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz. Cognate with German Vogel, English fowl, Icelandic fugl.

De tuin zit vol met verschillende soorten vogels, zoals merels, mussen en roodborstjes.

The garden is full of different types of birds, such as blackbirds, sparrows, and robins.

Het geluid van fluitende vogels vulde de lucht in de vroege ochtend.

The sound of chirping birds filled the air in the early morning.


wurm

wurm m (plural wurmen, diminutive wurmpje n)

wurmen (plural)
wurmpje (diminutive neuter)


sardine

sardine f (plural sardines, diminutive sardinetje n)

sardines (plural)
sardinetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sardyn, sardien

→ Caribbean Javanese: dhèntyis

desc

→ Papiamentu: saldinchi, sardinchi, sardin (Aruba)

From Middle Dutch sardeyne, sardayne, sardine, from Latin sardina.


magnolia

magnolia, tree or shrub of the genus Magnolia


lychee

nl-noun

lychee m (plural lychees, diminutive lycheetje n)

lychees (plural)
lycheetje (diminutive neuter)

Litchi chinensis
Litchi chinensis#Translingual


geit

geit f (plural geiten, diminutive geitje n)

geiten (plural)
geitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: geit

From Middle Dutch geit, from Old Dutch *geit, from Proto-West Germanic *gait, from Proto-Germanic *gaits, from a substrate language.

Capra aegagrus
Capra aegagrus#Translingual

Capra aegagrus hircus
Capra aegagrus hircus#Translingual

goat (Capra aegagrus) or the domesticated goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)

any female of the genus Capra or of the above (sub)species


opossum

opossum m (plural opossums, diminutive opossumpje n)

opossums (plural)
opossumpje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English opossum, from Powhatan aposoum (“white animal”), from Proto-Algonquian *wa·p-aʔθemwa (“white dog”).

der

opossum, marsupial of the family Didelphidae


dinosaurus

nl-noun

dinosaurus m (plural dinosaurussen, diminutive dinosaurusje n)

dinosaurussen (plural)
dinosaurusje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from New Latin dinosaurus, from English dinosaur.

Dit dijbeen is daarom merkwaardig, omdat 't het bestaan eener derde soort „Dinosaurus” in de formatie bij Maastricht doet vermoeden.

1885 June 27, “Nieuwstijdingen”, in Venloosch Weekblad, volume 23, number 26, page 1:

This femur is therefore remarkable, because it gives cause to suspect the existence of a third species of dinosaur in the formation near Maastricht.

Nabij Wyoming in de Vereenigde Staten heeft men het grootste voorwereldlijke dier ontdekt, dat bekend is, namelijk den brontosaurus, een kruipend dier, behoorende tot de orde der dinosaurussen.

1899 February 21, “Het grootste dier der wereld”, in Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad, vol. 21, no. 6422, part 2, page 1:

Near Wyoming^([sic]) in the United States the largest prehistoric animal that is known has been discovered, that is the brontosaur, a reptile, belonging to the order of the dinosaurs.

dinosaur, archosaur of the super-order Dinosauria


nerts

nerts m (plural nertsen, diminutive nertsje n)

nertsen (plural)
nertsje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Nerz, from Upper Sorbian nórc (“mink”).

Mustela lutreola
Mustela lutreola#Translingual


ara

ara m (plural ara's, diminutive araatje n)

ara's (plural)
araatje (diminutive neuter)


specht

specht m (plural spechten, diminutive spechtje n)

spechten (plural)
spechtje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch specht, from Old Dutch *speht, from Proto-West Germanic *spiht, from Proto-Germanic *spihtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk-.


esp

esp m (plural espen, diminutive espje n)

espen (plural)
espje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch espe, from Old Dutch *aspa, from Proto-West Germanic *aspu, from Proto-Germanic *aspō.

Populus tremula
Populus tremula#Translingual


sprot

sprot m (plural sprotten, diminutive sprotje n)

sprotten (plural)
sprotje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: sprat

Uncertain. Possibly from the root of spruit (“sprout, shoot”).

Sprattus sprattus
Sprattus sprattus#Translingual

the sprat, a small, herring-like fish, Sprattus sprattus


olifant

olifant m (plural olifanten, diminutive olifantje n)

olifanten (plural)
olifantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: olifant

→ Papiamentu: olefante, olifant

From Middle Dutch olifant, from Old French olifant, from Latin elephantus, from Ancient Greek ἐλέφᾱς (eléphās).


kakapo

kakapo m (plural kakapo's, diminutive kakapootje n)

kakapo's (plural)
kakapootje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English kakapo, from Maori kākāpō.

Strigops habroptila
Strigops habroptila#Translingual


poes

poes f (plural poezen, diminutive poesje n)

poezen (plural)
poesje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: poes
→ English: poes

Berbice Creole Dutch: pusi, pusiki

→ Ambonese Malay: pus

→ Cayuga: dagu:s (possibly via Mohawk)

→ Indonesian: pus

→ Loup A: puspus

→ Mahican: póschees, poschesch

→ Mohawk: takús

→ Mohegan-Pequot: bopoose

→ Munsee: póoshiish

→ Papiamentu: pushi, poesji (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: puspusi

→ Lokono: pusu

→ Kari'na: pusipusi

→ Unami: pushis

Ultimately from a common Germanic word for cat, perhaps ultimately imitative of a sound made to get its attention (compare Arabic بسة). More at puss.

onomatopoeic

imitative


mannetje

Negerhollands: manje

Het mannetje bouwt een nest.

the male of a species of animal or plant


ezel

nl-noun

ezel m (plural ezels, diminutive ezeltje n, feminine ezelin)

ezels (plural)
ezeltje (diminutive neuter)
ezelin (feminine)

desctree

Afrikaans: esel
→ Sotho: esele
→ Xhosa: i-esile

→ English: easel

Negerhollands: esel

From Middle Dutch ēsel, from Old Dutch esil, from Proto-West Germanic *asil, from Late Latin asellus.

een ezel stoot zich geen tweemaal aan dezelfde steen

Een ezel balkt: “i-aa, i-aa”.
A donkey brays: “hee-haw, hee-haw”.

donkey, ass, Equus asinus or Equus asinus asinus


koe

nl-noun

koe f (plural koeien, diminutive koetje n)

koeien (plural)
koetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: koei

Berbice Creole Dutch: kui

Jersey Dutch: kû, kûche, kûtše, kûtśe

Negerhollands: koei, kui, kuj

Skepi Creole Dutch: kui

→ Loup A: kui (derived from a colloquial form)

→ Mahican: kójak

→ Munsee: kóowuy, kooy

From Middle Dutch coe, from Old Dutch cuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cow”), from Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”).

cow; a female of certain mammals, in particular bovines


piel

piel m (plural pielen, diminutive pieltje n)

pielen (plural)
pieltje (diminutive neuter)


piel

piel m (plural pielen, diminutive pieltje n or pieletje n)

pielen (plural)
pieltje (diminutive neuter)
pieletje (diminutive neuter)


eik

eik m (plural eiken, diminutive eikje n)

eiken (plural)
eikje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eik

Jersey Dutch: āike

From Middle Dutch eike, êke, from Old Dutch *eik, *ēk, from Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”). The form in ei- is regular in south-eastern dialects, but may also have developed elsewhere after the adjective *eikīn (“oaken”, modern eiken), where umlaut would have hindered the monophthongisation.

any oak tree (tree of the genus Quercus)


orka

orka m (plural orka's, diminutive orkaatje n)

orka's (plural)
orkaatje (diminutive neuter)


aardappel

aardappel m (plural aardappelen or aardappels, diminutive aardappeltje n)

aardappelen (plural)
aardappels (plural)
aardappeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aartappel

→ Xhosa: itapile

Berbice Creole Dutch: adaplu

→ Ambonese Malay: artapel

→ Icelandic: jarðepli

→ Kristang: atapal, artapal

→ Malayalam: അടുതാപ്പ് (aṭutāppŭ)

→ Sinhalese: අර්තාපල් (artāpal)

→ Tamil: அர்த்தாப்பு (arttāppu)

From Middle Dutch *āerdappel (“cucumber, pumpkin”), equivalent to aarde (“soil, earth, ground”) + appel (“apple”), cognate with Middle Low German erdappel (modern Low German Erdappel), Old High German erdapful (“pumpkin, squash, melon”) (modern German Erdapfel (“potato”)), West Frisian ierappel (“potato”), Old English eorþæppel (“cucumber”) (rare modern English earthapple (“potato”)), Danish jordæble. Compare also French pomme de terre (“potato”), Luxembourgish Gromper (“potato”, literally “ground pear”), regional German Grundbirne (“ground pear”).
In the 16th and 17th centuries, used for various tubers and fruits that grow in or near the soil. Modern sense spread in the 18th century.

cog

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

the potato plant species, Solanum tuberosum


kool

nl-noun

kool f (plural kolen, diminutive kooltje n)

kolen (plural)
kooltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kool

Jersey Dutch: kôl

Negerhollands: kool

→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro

→ Chinese: 高麗／高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)

→ Indonesian: kol

→ Mahican: gónan

→ Papiamentu: kolo

→ Sranan Tongo: kolo

From Middle Dutch col, cole, from Old Dutch *kōl, *kōla, from Latin caulis.

(particularly) the edible leaves of a Brassica


aalbes

aalbes f (plural aalbessen, diminutive aalbesje n)

aalbessen (plural)
aalbesje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aalbessie

Compound of aal + bes (“berry”), cognate with Middle Low German albere. The meaning of the first element is disputed.

the red currant or white currant plant, Ribes rubrum

the berry of this plant; a red or white currant


aalscholver

aalscholver m (plural aalscholvers, diminutive aalscholvertje n)

aalscholvers (plural)
aalscholvertje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of aal (“eel”) + scholver (“cormorant”).


neushoorn

neushoorn m (plural neushoorns, diminutive neushoorntje n)

neushoorns (plural)
neushoorntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: neushoring

From neus (“nose”) + hoorn (“horn”), a calque of Ancient Greek ῥινόκερως (rhinókerōs).

calque

rhinoceros, mammal of the family Rhinocerotidae


giraf

nl-noun

giraf f (plural giraffen, diminutive girafje n)

giraffen (plural)
girafje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: zjiraf

From German Giraffe, from Middle High German geraff, seraffe, schraffe, from Italian giraffa, from Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa).


coromandel

From the Coromandel Coast in India, a source of this wood. The neuter gender suggests that use as a common noun may be a shortening of coromandelhout.

calamander, striped ebony (a heavy wood, brown in color with deep black streaks, yielded by a limited number of species in the genus Diospyros)


okra

okra m (plural okra's, diminutive [please provide])

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


groente

groente f (plural groenten or groentes, diminutive groentje n or groentetje n or groenteke n)

groenten (plural)
groentes (plural)
groentje (diminutive neuter)
groentetje (diminutive neuter)
groenteke (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: groente

→ Sranan Tongo: gruntu

→ Aukan: guluntu

→ Saramaccan: gulúntu


varken

varken n (plural varkens, diminutive varkentje n, feminine zeug, masculine beer)

varkens (plural)
varkentje (diminutive neuter)
zeug (feminine)
beer (masculine)

Afrikaans: vark

Jersey Dutch: vārk

desc

Negerhollands: varki, fergi, farki, ferkikin, verken

Skepi Creole Dutch: fark

From Middle Dutch varken, verken, from Old Dutch farkīn, ferkīn, an old diminutive, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *farhaz (Proto-West Germanic *farh) + Proto-Germanic *-ukaz (Proto-Germanic *-ukīn, with another diminutive suffix attached). Compare Central Franconian Ferke, Low German Farken.


leeuw

nl-noun

leeuw n (plural leeuwen, diminutive leeuwtje n)

leeuwen (plural)
leeuwtje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch leeuwe, from Old Dutch leo.

(obsolete, in toponyms only) burial mound


noot

noot f (plural noten, diminutive nootje n)

noten (plural)
nootje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: neut

Jersey Dutch: nœüt, nût

Negerhollands: neet, noot

Skepi Creole Dutch: noot

→ Papiamentu: nechi, neetsje, neetsjie (from the diminutive)

→ Saramaccan: notò

From Middle Dutch nōte, from Old Dutch *nutu, from Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts, from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.


haan

haan m (plural hanen, diminutive haantje n)

hanen (plural)
haantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: haan

Berbice Creole Dutch: han

Jersey Dutch: hân

Negerhollands: haan

Petjo: chaan

From Middle Dutch hane, from Old Dutch *hano. Compare German Hahn, Danish hane.


kraan

kraan m (plural kranen, diminutive kraantje n)

kranen (plural)
kraantje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: kren

From Middle Dutch crāne, from Old Dutch *crano, from Proto-West Germanic *kranō, from Proto-Germanic *kranô. The senses “tap” and “crane” as a machine are both based on resemblance with the bird's neck.

(obsolete) Synonym of kraanvogel (“crane (bird)”)


pimpernel

pimpernel f (plural pimpernellen, diminutive pimpernelletje n)

pimpernellen (plural)
pimpernelletje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch pimpernelle, from Old French piprenelle, from Medieval Latin pimpinella. Doublet of bevernel.

a burnet, any plant of the genus Sanguisorba


serval

Leptailurus serval
Leptailurus serval#Translingual


hert

hert n (plural herten, diminutive hertje n)

herten (plural)
hertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hert

From Middle Dutch hert, from Old Dutch hirot, from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-.

1773, Genootschap Laus Deo, Salus Populo, "Psalm 42" (modernised spelling).
't Hijgend hert der jacht ontkomen, schreeuwt niet sterker naar 't genot, van de frisse waterstromen, dan mijn ziel verlangt naar God.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

a deer, a ruminant of the family Cervidae; sometimes used of members of the families Moschidae and Tragulidae in non-scientific use (see derived terms)


coronavirus

From translingual Coronavirus. Equivalent to corona.

Bovendien krijgt het rhinovirus in al zijn gedaantes vaak steun van een ander soort virus, coronavirus genaamd, dat ook weer onderverdeeld kan worden in een groot aantal serotypes.

1973 January 8, “Vrijwilligers melden trots een infectie”, in Nederlands Dagblad, page 4:

(virology) coronavirus (member of the family Coronaviridae)


aardbei

aardbei m or f (plural aardbeien, diminutive aardbeitje n)

aardbeien (plural)
aardbeitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aarbei

→ Indonesian: arbei

→ Papiamentu: artbèi

From Middle Dutch erdbēre, erdbēsie, from Old Dutch *erdberi, from Proto-West Germanic *erþubaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją (literally “earth-berry”). The latter part of the compound was replaced in modern Dutch with bei, from Middle Dutch baye, from Old French baie, from Latin bacca. Cognate with West Frisian ierdbei, German Erdbeere, Danish jordbær.


abrikoos

nl-noun

abrikoos m or f (plural abrikozen, diminutive abrikoosje n)

abrikozen (plural)
abrikoosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: appelkoos

desctree

→ German: Aprikose
→ Estonian: aprikoos
→ Kashubian: aprikóza (dated)
→ Latvian: aprikoze
→ Lithuanian: abrikosas
→ Lower Sorbian: aprikoza
→ Silesian: aprikŏza
→ Upper Sorbian: aprikoza

→ Indonesian: abrikos

→ Russian: абрико́с (abrikós)
→ Adyghe: абрикос (abrikʷos)
→ Eastern Mari: абрикос (abrikos)
→ Komi-Zyrian: абрикос (abrikos)
→ Tatar: абрикос (abrikos)

→ Ukrainian: абрикос (abrykos)

Late 16th century. Borrowed from Late Middle French abricots, plural of abricot, from Spanish albaricoque, from Arabic اَلْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Latin praecoqua. At the time of the borrowing, the French plural-s was still pronounced (at least in pausal position), hence the form abrikoos.

der

اَلْبَرْقُوق


banaan

nl-noun

banaan m or f (plural bananen, diminutive banaantje n)

bananen (plural)
banaantje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: banana

Negerhollands: banana

Skepi Creole Dutch: banan

→? Aukan: baana

→? Sranan Tongo: bana

→ Caribbean Hindustani: báná

→ Caribbean Javanese: banah

Borrowed from Portuguese banana, probably from a West African language.

(offensive, ethnic slur) black person, person of African heritage


muis

muis m or f (plural muizen, diminutive muisje n)

muizen (plural)
muisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: muis

Jersey Dutch: mäus

Negerhollands: mischi, miśi, muśi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: mus

→ Sranan Tongo: moismoisi

From Middle Dutch muus, from Old Dutch *mūs, from Proto-West Germanic *mūs.
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.

als de kat van huis is, dansen de muizen op tafel

De muis van mijn computer werkt niet goed.

The mouse of my computer isn't working well.

Koop je een draadloze muis of een met draad?

Are you buying a wireless mouse or a wired one?

Ik gebruik liever een muis dan een touchpad.

(computing) mouse (an input device to operate a computer by steering a cursor and clicking)


tulp

tulp f (plural tulpen, diminutive tulpje n)

tulpen (plural)
tulpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tulp

→ German: Tulpe (see there for further descendants)

→ Luxembourgish: Tulp, Tullep

→ Plautdietsch: Tulp

Borrowed from Middle French tulipe, from Turkish tülbent (“fine muslin, turban”), from Persian دلبند (dolband, “turban”).


haai

haai m (plural haaien, diminutive haaitje n)

haaien (plural)
haaitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: haai

→ German: Hai

→ West Frisian: haai

From Middle Dutch haeye, from Old Norse hár (“shark”), with the /j/ appearing influenced by the declined forms /hajə(n)/. Probably from Proto-Germanic *hanh-u-, related to *hakô (“hook”), referring to the shark's back fin. Cognate with Swedish haj, and German Hai.

a shark, fish of the superorder Selachimorpha (sometimes also including certain extinct shark-like members of the Elasmobranchii outside this superorder)


snor

snor m (plural snorren, diminutive snorretje n)

snorren (plural)
snorretje (diminutive neuter)

Locustella luscinioides
Locustella luscinioides#Translingual


komkommer

komkommer f (plural komkommers, diminutive komkommertje n)

komkommers (plural)
komkommertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: komkommer

→ Aukan: komukomu

→ Loup A: kemegom

→ Mahican: kumkumsch

→ Munsee: kòmkómush

→ Papiamentu: kònkòmber, komkomber

→ Unami: kùkumës

→ West Frisian: komkommer

From Middle Dutch cucumer, from Old French concombre, from Latin cucumis.


egel

egel m (plural egels, diminutive egeltje n)

egels (plural)
egeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch eghel, from Old Dutch *igil, from Proto-Germanic *igilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis (“hedgehog”). Echel (“leech”) is commonly thought to be related to this term.


duif

duif f (plural duiven, diminutive duifje n, masculine doffer or duiver)

duiven (plural)
duifje (diminutive neuter)
doffer (masculine)
duiver (masculine)

Afrikaans: duif

Negerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie

→ Sranan Tongo: doifi

From Middle Dutch duve, from Old Dutch dūva, from Proto-West Germanic *dūbā, from Proto-Germanic *dūbǭ.

a pigeon, dove, bird of the family Columbidae

(politics) a dove, someone with dovish political views or inclinations


boon

boon f or m (plural bonen, diminutive boontje n)

bonen (plural)
boontje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: boon
→ Xhosa: imbotyi (from the diminutive)

Berbice Creole Dutch: bono

desc

Negerhollands: bontśi, boontje, boonschi (from the diminutive)

→ Virgin Islands Creole: bontsi (archaic)

→ Caribbean Javanese: bontyis (from the diminutive plural)

→ Indonesian: buncis (from the diminutive plural)

→ Petjo: bontjies, boontjies

→ Javanese: buncis (from the diminutive plural)

→ Papiamentu: bonchi, boontsje (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: bonki (from the diminutive)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: bongki

From Middle Dutch bône, from Old Dutch *bōna, from Proto-Germanic *baunō.


kemphaan

nl-noun

kemphaan m (plural kemphanen, diminutive kemphaantje n)

kemphanen (plural)
kemphaantje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: kepanki

Philomachus pugnax
Philomachus pugnax#Translingual

ruff, Calidris pugnax syn. Philomachus pugnax


pomelo

pomelo m (plural pomelo's, diminutive pomelootje n)

pomelo's (plural)
pomelootje (diminutive neuter)

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

(chiefly Belgium) pomelo (fruit of the tree Citrus maxima)

cross between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and grapefruit (Citrus ×paradisi), typically with green peel but bigger and sweeter than grapefruit


snip

snip f (plural snippen, diminutive snipje n)

snippen (plural)
snipje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: snip

→ Papiamentu: snepi, snèpi

→ Sranan Tongo: snepi

From Middle Dutch snippe, ultimately from the root of snavel (“beak”).

a snipe or woodcock, thin-beaked bird of the genera Gallinago, Scolopax, Lymnocryptes, Limnodromus and Coenocorypha


eikel

eikel m (plural eikels, diminutive eikeltje n)

eikels (plural)
eikeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch ecle, ekele, from Old Dutch *ēkila, *eikila, from Proto-West Germanic *aikilā. For the derogatory sense, cf. English dickhead.


topper

topper m (plural toppers, diminutive toppertje n)

toppers (plural)
toppertje (diminutive neuter)

From top + -er.
The bird name is generally taken to derive from the noun top ("top"), not the adjective top ("great, amazing"). Some have instead adduced the dialectal word dobber (referring to both the greater scaup and the tufted duck), which was apparently current in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen at some point, with devoicing of both d- (to t-) and -bb- (to -pp-) yielding this form.

Aythya marila
Aythya marila#Translingual


zonnebloem

zonnebloem f (plural zonnebloemen, diminutive zonnebloemetje n or zonnebloempje n)

zonnebloemen (plural)
zonnebloemetje (diminutive neuter)
zonnebloempje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: sonneblom
→ Sotho: sonobolomo

From zon + -e- + bloem. Named because the flower turns to keep facing the sun; compare English sunflower, Spanish girasol. The sense "50 guilder banknote" is derived from the large image of a sunflower found on such notes.

In de zomer staan de velden vol met prachtige zonnebloemen die naar de zon toe draaien.

In the summer, the fields are full of beautiful sunflowers that turn towards the sun.

a sunflower, flower of the genus Helianthus


mol

nl-noun

mol m (plural mollen, diminutive molletje n)

mollen (plural)
molletje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch mol, from Old Dutch mol, mul, from Proto-West Germanic *mol, from Proto-Germanic *mulaz.

a mole, any insectivore of the family Talpidae


mol

→ Indonesian: mol

(chemistry) a mole (unit of chemical quantity)


gems

gems f (plural gemzen, diminutive gemsje n)

gemzen (plural)
gemsje (diminutive neuter)

→ West Frisian: gems

Rupicapra rupicapra
Rupicapra rupicapra#Translingual

chamois (mountain goat), Rupicapra rupicapra


dikkop

dikkop m (plural dikkoppen, diminutive dikkopje n)

dikkoppen (plural)
dikkopje (diminutive neuter)

(sports) runner doped up on human growth hormone


boomslang

boomslang f or m (plural boomslangen, diminutive boomslangetje n)

boomslangen (plural)
boomslangetje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: boomslang
→ English: boomslang

Compound of boom + slang. Attested from the mid-18th century.

Dispholidus typus
Dispholidus typus#Translingual


mistel

nl-noun

mistel m (plural mistels, diminutive misteltje n)

mistels (plural)
misteltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch mistel, from Old Dutch *mistil, from Proto-West Germanic *mistil, from Proto-Germanic *mistilaz.

(archaic) Synonym of maretak (“mistletoe, Viscum album”)


burgemeester

burgemeester m (plural burgemeesters, feminine burgemeesteres)

burgemeesters (plural)
burgemeesteres (feminine)

Afrikaans: burgemeester

→ English: burgomaster

→ French: bourgmestre

From Middle Dutch borchmeester, borgermeester. Corresponding to either a compound of burg (“burgh, town”) or burger (“citizen”) + meester (“master”).

kleine burgemeester
kleine burgemeester#Dutch

Synonym of kleine burgemeester (“Larus glaucoides”)

grote burgemeester
grote burgemeester#Dutch

Synonym of grote burgemeester (“Larus hyperboreus”)


vlas

→? Mahican: pnax

From Middle Dutch vlas, from Old Dutch *flas, from earlier *flahs, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”); thus distantly related to vlechten.

der

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


valk

nl-noun

valk f or m (plural valken, diminutive valkje n)

valken (plural)
valkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: valk

From Middle Dutch valke, from Old Dutch *falco, from Proto-West Germanic *falkō, from Proto-Germanic *falkô.

a falcon, bird of the family Falconidae, in particular of the genus Falco


augurk

augurk f or m (plural augurken, diminutive augurkje n)

augurken (plural)
augurkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: augurk, augurki (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: angorki, ogorki

→ Aukan: angooki

[ˌɑu̯ˈɣʏ.rək]

Borrowed from Low German augurk, from a Slavic source (compare Polish ogórek, Lithuanian agurkas, Russian огурец (ogurec)). Possibly ultimately from Byzantine Greek ἀγγούριον (angoúrion, “small cucumber”).

der

gherkin (small cucumber that is usually pickled)


belladonna

nl-noun

belladonna f or m (plural belladonna's, diminutive belladonnaatje n)

belladonna's (plural)
belladonnaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (bella donna, literally “beautiful lady”), altered by folk etymology from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="it">bella donna</i>

Synonym of wolfskers (“deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna”)


kabeljauw

nl-noun

kabeljauw m (plural kabeljauwen, diminutive kabeljauwtje n)

kabeljauwen (plural)
kabeljauwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kabeljou
→ English: kabeljou

From Middle Dutch cabelliau, from Old Dutch cabillau, possibly from Latin baculum (“stick, staff”), referring to the way cod were split and dried on wooden sticks. Or, with metathesis from/influenced by Basque bakailao (“cod”), Portuguese bacalhau (“cod”).


champignon

champignon m (plural champignons, diminutive champignonnetje n)

champignons (plural)
champignonnetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French champignon, from Middle French champignon.

Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bisporus#Translingual

a champignon, a button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus


vijg

vijg f (plural vijgen, diminutive vijgje n)

vijgen (plural)
vijgje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vy

Negerhollands: vigie (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch vige, from Old Dutch fīga.

(particularly) Ficus carica or fig tree, which yields the edible fruit commonly known as fig


druif

druif f or m (plural druiven, diminutive druifje n)

druiven (plural)
druifje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: drufje

→ Aukan: doloifi

→ Papiamentu: drùif, dreif, dreifi

→ Sranan Tongo: droifi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: droifi

→ Caribbean Javanese: droifi

From Middle Dutch druve, from Old Dutch thrūva, from Proto-West Germanic *þrūbō (“grape”).


ooievaar

ooievaar m (plural ooievaars or ooievaren, diminutive ooievaartje n)

ooievaars (plural)
ooievaren (plural)
ooievaartje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ooievaar

From Middle Dutch odevare. Related to Low German adebar, West Frisian earrebarre, all possibly from Proto-Germanic *ōdaborǭ or *ōdaborą.

Ciconia ciconia
Ciconia ciconia#Translingual

(particularly) the white stork, Ciconia ciconia


bloemkool

bloemkool m or f (plural bloemkolen, diminutive bloemkooltje n)

bloemkolen (plural)
bloemkooltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: blomkool

desctree

→ Danish: blomkål
→ Faroese: blómkál
→ Greenlandic: blomkåli
→ Icelandic: blómkál

→ Indonesian: blumkol

desc

→ Indonesian: bunga kol, kembang kol (calque) (calque)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: blomkål

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: blomkål

→ Papiamentu: blumkol

→ Swedish: blomkål

From bloem + kool, calque of Italian cavolfiore or calque of Middle French chou-fleur, which also comes from Italian cavolfiore.

Ik heb hele grote bloemkolen.

(colloquial, chiefly plural) large breast, melon, bazonga (often modified with adjectives or phrases indicating a large size)


merel

nl-noun

merel m (plural merels, diminutive mereltje n)

merels (plural)
mereltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch merle, meerle, from Old Dutch *merla, from Latin merula. Compare Luxembourgish Märel, regional German Merle.

Turdus merula
Turdus merula#Translingual


pompelmoes

pompelmoes f or m (plural pompelmoezen, diminutive pompelmoesje n)

pompelmoezen (plural)
pompelmoesje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: jeruk pompelmus

→ Dhivehi: ބަނބުޅަބޮސް (baᵐbuḷabos)

→ English: pompelmous

→ French: pamplemousse

→ German: Pampelmuse

→ Italian: pompelmo

→ Sinhalese: බංබලෝසි (baṁbalōsi)

Uncertain. Possibly from pompoen (“pumpkin”) or pompel (“big, swollen”) + limoes, a variant of limoen modeled after Portuguese limões (“citrus, lemons”). Another explanation is a gradual corruption of Portuguese pomos limões (“citrus fruit”).

der

(Netherlands) pomelo (fruit of the tree Citrus maxima)


arend

nl-noun

arend m (plural arenden, diminutive arendje n)

arenden (plural)
arendje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: arend

Negerhollands: arend

From Middle Dutch aernt, from earlier aren, from Old Dutch *aro, from Proto-West Germanic *arō, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

eagle, large bird of prey of the family Accipitridae


uil

uil m or f (plural uilen, diminutive uiltje n)

uilen (plural)
uiltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: uil

→ Caribbean Hindustani: ullu

From Middle Dutch ule, from Old Dutch *ūwila, *ūwala, *ūla, from Proto-Germanic *uwwalǭ, diminutive of *uwwǭ (“eagle-owl”), of imitative origin or a variant of *ūfaz, *ūfǭ.

onomatopoeic

imitative

's Avonds zitten er uilen in de boom bij de buren.

In the evening there are owls in the neighbours' tree.

Veel uilen hebben typerende uilvlekken.

Many owlet moths have characteristic wing marks.


wesp

nl-noun

wesp f (plural wespen, diminutive wespje n)

wespen (plural)
wespje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wesp

From earlier Modern Dutch wespe, from Middle Dutch wespe, from Old Dutch *wespa, with metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *wapsu, from Proto-Germanic *wepsō-, from Proto-Indo-European *wobʰseh₂ (“wasp”), from *webʰ- (“weave”).
Cognate with German Wespe, Low German Wösp, English wasp.

wasp, used certain members of the order Hymenoptera, especially of the superfamily Vespoidea


pruim

pruim f or m (plural pruimen, diminutive pruimpje n)

pruimen (plural)
pruimpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pruim

Negerhollands: pruum, prim, plim

→ Papiamentu: preimu, pruim

From Middle Dutch prume, from Old Dutch *prūma. A variant of *plūma, from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, from Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦμνον (proûmnon).

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual

a plum tree, one of certain trees of the genus Prunus, especially Prunus domestica


nectarine

nectarine f (plural nectarines, diminutive nectarinetje n)

nectarines (plural)
nectarinetje (diminutive neuter)


olm

olm m (plural olmen, diminutive olmpje n)

olmen (plural)
olmpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: olm

From Middle Dutch olm, from Old Dutch (only attested in toponyms), from Proto-Germanic *elmaz.


spinnen

spinnen (infinitive)
spinnen (gerund neuter)
spin (first-person present singular)
spon (first-person past singular)
spint (present second-person singular)
spin (present second-person singular)
spon (past second-person singular)
spint (formal present second-person singular)
spon (formal past second-person singular)
spint (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
spint (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
spont (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
spont (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
spint (present singular third-person)
spon (past singular third-person)
spinnen (plural present)
sponnen (past plural)
spinne (archaic present singular subjunctive)
sponne (archaic past singular subjunctive)
spinnen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
sponnen (archaic past plural subjunctive)
spin (imperative present singular)
spint (archaic imperative plural present)
spinnend (participle present)
gesponnen (participle past)

Afrikaans: spin

Jersey Dutch: spänne

Negerhollands: spin

From Middle Dutch spinnen, from Old Dutch *spinnan, from Proto-West Germanic *spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną.

to spin: make yarn by twisting and winding fibres together


buks

buks f or m (plural buksen, diminutive buksje n)

buksen (plural)
buksje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Büchse. Doublet of box, bus (“container”), and pyxis.


cavia

nl-noun

cavia f (plural cavia's, diminutive caviaatje n)

cavia's (plural)
caviaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Portuguese cávia or New Latin cavia.

Cavia porcellus
Cavia porcellus#Translingual


paling

paling m (plural palingen, diminutive palinkje n)

palingen (plural)
palinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: paling

Berbice Creole Dutch: palinggi

Negerhollands: paliṅ

→ Papiamentu: paling (dated)

From Middle Dutch palinc, padelinc, paeldinc, from Old Dutch paelding, paleding, palezinc. The original form seems to be *palathing (attested in the placename Palathingadīc) or, as some sources prefer, *pathaling. This has no cognates outside Dutch and probably goes back to a substrate language. As the oldest attestation is (latinised) palengus, one could alternatively see the -th- as excrescent and thus derived the word from Proto-West Germanic *pāl (“pole”) after the fish's shape. While this is less likely, the distinction sometimes made between aal (“juvenile eel”) and paling (“large, adult eel”) may indeed have been influenced by association with paal.


pepermunt

pepermunt f (plural pepermunten, diminutive pepermuntje n)

pepermunten (plural)
pepermuntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: peperment

→ Caribbean Javanese: permèn

desc

→ Indonesian: permen (“candy, sweet”), pepermin (“peppermint”)

→ Papiamentu: pepermint (dated)

From peper + munt, Calque of translingual Mentha × piperita.


hazelaar

nl-noun

hazelaar m (plural hazelaars or hazelaren, diminutive hazelaartje n)

hazelaars (plural)
hazelaren (plural)
hazelaartje (diminutive neuter)

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual


treurwilg

treurwilg m (plural treurwilgen, diminutive treurwilgje n)

treurwilgen (plural)
treurwilgje (diminutive neuter)

From treuren (“to mourn”) + wilg (“willow”), so named for its downward-drooping branches.


abeel

abeel m (plural abelen, diminutive abeeltje n)

abelen (plural)
abeeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch abeel, from Old Northern French abiel, from Latin albellus, a diminutive of albus (“white”).

Populus nigra
Populus nigra#Translingual

abele; term used of certain poplars, mainly the white poplar (Populus alba), grey poplar (Populus × canescens) or black poplar (Populus nigra)


populier

populier m (plural populieren, diminutive populiertje n)

populieren (plural)
populiertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: populier

→ West Frisian: popelier

From Middle Dutch popelier, from Old French poplier, from Latin pōpulus. The spelling was adapted to the Latin in the seventeenth century.


iep

iep m (plural iepen, diminutive iepje n)

iepen (plural)
iepje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: iep

→ German: Äp (dialectal)

From Middle Dutch *iep, *ijp, from Old Dutch *īp, from Proto-West Germanic *īp (“field elm”).


lariks

lariks m (plural lariksen, diminutive lariksje n)

lariksen (plural)
lariksje (diminutive neuter)


lork

lork m (plural lorken, diminutive lorkje n)

lorken (plural)
lorkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: lork


wilg

wilg m (plural wilgen, diminutive wilgje n)

wilgen (plural)
wilgje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wilg, wilger

From Middle Dutch wilge, from Old Dutch *wilga, from Proto-West Germanic *wiligijā.


cipres

cipres m (plural cipressen, diminutive cipresje n)

cipressen (plural)
cipresje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch cypresse, from Old French cipres, from Latin cupressus.


beuk

beuk m (plural beuken, diminutive beukje n)

beuken (plural)
beukje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: beuk

From eastern Middle Dutch boke, boeke, from Old Dutch *buoka, from Proto-West Germanic *bōkijā. Western varieties of Dutch, including generally Standard Dutch, do not have umlaut of long vowels. The eastern variety with umlaut was probably adopted to avoid homonymy with boek.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica#Translingual


linde

linde f (plural linden or lindes, diminutive lindetje n)

linden (plural)
lindes (plural)
lindetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: linde

From Middle Dutch linde, from Old Dutch *linda, from Proto-West Germanic *lindu, from Proto-Germanic *lindijō.


els

els m (plural elzen, diminutive elsje n)

elzen (plural)
elsje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: èls

From Middle Dutch else, from Old Dutch *alisa, from Frankish *alisu, from Proto-Germanic *alisō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élis-.
Compare German Erle, English alder, Danish el, Norwegian older, Icelandic elri.


lila

lila ? (plural lila's, diminutive lilaatje n)

lila's (plural)
lilaatje (diminutive neuter)

From Classical Malay ليلا (“lela, lila”).

a small, even shoulder-portable type of (colonial?) field gun, notably used in the East Indies


kaka

kaka m (plural kaka's, diminutive kakaatje n)

kaka's (plural)
kakaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English kaka, from Maori kākā.

Nestor meridionalis
Nestor meridionalis#Translingual


ceder

ceder m (plural ceders or cederen, diminutive cedertje n)

ceders (plural)
cederen (plural)
cedertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seder

→ Sranan Tongo: sedre, redisedre

→ Aukan: sédé

→ Saramaccan: sedu

From Middle Dutch ceder, from Old Dutch *ceder, from Proto-West Germanic *cedr.

(Suriname) Spanish cedar, Cedrela odorata


sedum

sedum n or m (plural sedums, diminutive sedumpje n)

sedums (plural)
sedumpje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin sedum (“houseleek”).

Synonym of vetkruid (“stonecrop, succulent plant of genus Sedum”)


poema

poema m (plural poema's, diminutive poemaatje n)

poema's (plural)
poemaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Spanish puma, from Quechua puma.


treksprinkhaan

treksprinkhaan m (plural treksprinkhanen, diminutive treksprinkhaantje n)

treksprinkhanen (plural)
treksprinkhaantje (diminutive neuter)

From trekken (“to migrate”) + sprinkhaan (“grasshopper”).


roos

nl-noun

roos f (plural rozen, diminutive roosje n)

rozen (plural)
roosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: roos

Jersey Dutch: rôz

→ Caribbean Hindustani: rusi

→ Papiamentu: deros, deroos

From Middle Dutch rose, from Old French rose, from Latin rosa. Doublet of roze.

rose, ornamental plant of the genus Rosa


haring

haring m (plural haringen, diminutive harinkje n)

haringen (plural)
harinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: haring

Negerhollands: heriṅ

→ Caribbean Hindustani: eleng

→ Papiamentu: hering

From Middle Dutch hârinc, from Old Dutch *hāring, from Proto-West Germanic *hāring.

Clupea harengus
Clupea harengus#Translingual


citroen

citroen f or m (plural citroenen, diminutive citroentje n)

citroenen (plural)
citroentje (diminutive neuter)

→ Aukan: situun

→ Caribbean Hindustani: sitrun

→ Papiamentu: sitrun

→ Sranan Tongo: strun

→ Caribbean Javanese: jeruk setrung

Borrowed from Middle French citron, from Latin citrus.


meloen

meloen f or m (plural meloenen, diminutive meloentje n)

meloenen (plural)
meloentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meloen

From Middle Dutch melone, from Middle French melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin mēlō, shortening of mēlopepō, from Koine Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn).

melon (organ containing adipose tissue present in toothed whales)


tomaat

tomaat f (plural tomaten, diminutive tomaatje n)

tomaten (plural)
tomaatje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: tamatie
→ Sotho: tamati
→ Zulu: utamatisi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: tamáti

→ Caribbean Javanese: tomatis, tomat

→ Indonesian: tomat

→ Sranan Tongo: tomati

→ Aukan: tomati

→ Kari'na: tomati

→ West Frisian: tomaat

Borrowed from English tomato, subsequently influenced by French tomate, both from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”).

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual