kers

nl-noun

kers f (plural kersen, diminutive kersje n)

kersen (plural)
kersje (diminutive neuter)

⇒ Afrikaans: kersie (from the diminutive form)

Negerhollands: kirsch

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kers

→ Malay: kersen (from the plural form)

Indonesian: kers, kersen

→ Sranan Tongo: kersi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kersi

→ Caribbean Javanese: kèrsi

→ West Frisian: kers

From Middle Dutch kerse, ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from the neuter plural of Late Latin ceresium, from Latin cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin.

der

a cherry tree, one of certain trees of the genus Prunus, especially the subgenus Cerasus


kers

From Middle Dutch kerse, kersse, from Old Dutch *kersa, *kressa, from Proto-West Germanic *karsjā, *krassjā, from Proto-Germanic *krasjǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *gras-. Cognates include Sanskrit ग्रसति (grasati); related to English cress, German Kresse.

cress: a term used of various plants, chiefly but not solely of the family Brassicaceae (crucifers), particularly of the genus Rorippa


tiran

nl-noun

tiran m (plural tirannen, diminutive tirannetje n)

tirannen (plural)
tirannetje (diminutive neuter)

(NL)

From Latin tyrannus (“monarch, ruler; tyrant”), itself from Ancient Greek τύραννος (túrannos, “tyrant”). The sense "tyrant flycatcher" corresponds to the taxonomic family name, translingual Tyrannidae; more at tyrant flycatcher.

der

a tyrant flycatcher, any bird of the family Tyrannidae


varen

varen (infinitive)
varen (gerund neuter)
vaar (first-person present singular)
voer (first-person past singular)
vaart (present second-person singular)
vaar (present second-person singular)
voer (past second-person singular)
vaart (formal present second-person singular)
voer (formal past second-person singular)
vaart (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
vaart (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
voert (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
voert (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
vaart (present singular third-person)
voer (past singular third-person)
varen (plural present)
voeren (past plural)
vare (archaic present singular subjunctive)
voere (archaic past singular subjunctive)
varen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
voeren (archaic past plural subjunctive)
vaar (imperative present singular)
vaart (archaic imperative plural present)
varend (participle present)
gevaren (participle past)
varen (infinitive)
varen (gerund neuter)
vaar (first-person present singular)
vaarde (first-person past singular)
vaart (present second-person singular)
vaar (present second-person singular)
vaarde (past second-person singular)
vaart (formal present second-person singular)
vaarde (formal past second-person singular)
vaart (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
vaart (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
vaarde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
vaarde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
vaart (present singular third-person)
vaarde (past singular third-person)
varen (plural present)
vaarden (past plural)
vare (archaic present singular subjunctive)
vaarde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
varen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
vaarden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
vaar (imperative present singular)
vaart (archaic imperative plural present)
varend (participle present)
gevaren (participle past)

Afrikaans: vaar

Negerhollands: vaar

From Middle Dutch vāren (“to go, travel”), from Old Dutch faran, from Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną. The restriction to “travel by water” comes (expectably) from the western dialects; the more general sense survives in the east, but is no longer part of standard Dutch.

(archaic or dialectal, eastern) to travel over land, to go by bike, car, train etc.


varen

nl-noun

varen f or m (plural varens, diminutive varentje n)

varens (plural)
varentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: varing

From Middle Dutch varen, from Old Dutch *farn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn.

fern (plant of the class Polypodiopsida)


leeuwin

leeuwin f (plural leeuwinnen, diminutive leeuwinnetje n, masculine leeuw)

leeuwinnen (plural)
leeuwinnetje (diminutive neuter)
leeuw (masculine)

Afrikaans: leeuin

From Middle Dutch leeuwinne. Equivalent to leeuw + -in.


orchidee

orchidee f (plural orchideeën, diminutive orchideetje n)

orchideeën (plural)
orchideetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from translingual Orchideae, coined by Linnaeus based on Latin orchis and Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis).


ridder

ridder m (plural ridders, diminutive riddertje n)

ridders (plural)
riddertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ridder

From Middle Dutch riddere, a variant form of ridere, from Old Dutch *rīdere, from rīdan + -ere (equivalent to modern rijder).

(obsolete) one of certain butterflies of the family Papilionidae

(obsolete) in particular, the swallowtail, Papilio machaon


krab

krab f or m (plural krabben, diminutive krabbetje n)

krabben (plural)
krabbetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krap

Berbice Creole Dutch: krabu

desc

Negerhollands: krabe, krabischi, krabu, crabbo, krabbo

→ Virgin Islands Creole: krabu (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: krabu

→ Sranan Tongo: krabu

→ Caribbean Hindustani: krabu

→ Caribbean Javanese: krabu

→ Saramaccan: kaábu

From Middle Dutch crabbe, from Old Dutch *krabba.

(zoology) crab, crustacean of the infraorder Brachyura


reptiel

nl-noun

reptiel n (plural reptielen, diminutive reptieltje n)

reptielen (plural)
reptieltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: reptiel

→ Indonesian: reptil

→ Papiamentu: rèptil

Borrowed from French reptile, from Middle French reptile, from Old French reptile, from Late Latin rēptile, neuter of reptilis (“creeping”), from Latin rēpō (“to creep”), from Proto-Indo-European *rep- (“to creep, slink”) (Pokorny; Watkins, 1969).

der

reptile, any member of the class Reptilia


schildpad

nl-noun

schildpad f (plural schildpadden, diminutive schildpadje n)

schildpadden (plural)
schildpadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skilpad

Berbice Creole Dutch: skelpata

Jersey Dutch: scheliput

Negerhollands: skildpat

→ Aukan: sekeepatu

→ Sranan Tongo: sekrepatu

→ West Frisian: skyldpod (calque)

From Middle Dutch schiltpadde, compare the slightly older Middle Low German schildepadde. Equivalent to schild (“shield”) + pad (“toad”).

Because of its cheapness I wanted to ask him to give me only that feed without any turtle then, but he interrupted me: […]

1960, Leo Vroman, "Schildpadden in New York", "Proza", Querido (5th ed., 2013). Ik wilde voor de goedkoopte al vragen om me dan maar alleen dat voedsel te geven zonder schildpad, maar hij viel me in de rede: […]

2006, Nettie Dees, Anders dan je denkt, Callenbach (publ.), page 92.
Ze pakte een schildpadje op.

She picked up one of the small tortoises.

2013, Charles Martin, Over bergen heen, tr. by Roelof Posthuma, original title The mountain between us, Kok-Kampen.
Het duurde niet lang of het hele strand wemelde van de schildpadjes.

It didn't take for the entire beach to be swarmed by little turtles.

tortoise, turtle; reptile of the order Testudines


berk

berk m (plural berken, diminutive berkje n)

berken (plural)
berkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: berk

From Middle Dutch berke, from Old Dutch *berka, from Proto-West Germanic *berku, from Proto-Germanic *berkō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós.


aardvarken

aardvarken n (plural aardvarkens, diminutive aardvarkentje n)

aardvarkens (plural)
aardvarkentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aardvark
→ English: aardvark

From aarde + varken. Originally South African Dutch.

Orycteropus afer
Orycteropus afer#Translingual


walvis

walvis m (plural walvissen, diminutive walvisje n)

walvissen (plural)
walvisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: walvis

Negerhollands: walvisch, walvis

→ Thai: วาฬ (waan)

From Middle Dutch walvisch, from Old Dutch walvisk, from *wal (“whale”), presumably to clarify the meaning. Equivalent to wal (“whale”) + vis (“fish”). Old Dutch *wal is from Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”). See also waldier, walrus, grindewal.
Cognate with West Frisian walfisk, German Walfisch. The simple form is cognate with German Wal, English whale, Danish hval, Swedish val.


jachtluipaard

jachtluipaard m or n (plural jachtluipaarden, diminutive jachtluipaardje n)

jachtluipaarden (plural)
jachtluipaardje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: jagluiperd

Acinonyx jubatus
Acinonyx jubatus#Translingual


miereneter

miereneter m (plural miereneters, diminutive mierenetertje n)

miereneters (plural)
mierenetertje (diminutive neuter)


gnoe

gnoe m (plural gnoes, diminutive gnoetje n)

gnoes (plural)
gnoetje (diminutive neuter)


kangoeroe

kangoeroe m (plural kangoeroes, diminutive kangoeroetje n)

kangoeroes (plural)
kangoeroetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: kanguru

Borrowed from English kangaroo; ultimately from Guugu Yimidhirr gangurru (“eastern grey kangaroo”).

der

a kangaroo, marsupial of the family Macropodidae


vleermuis

nl-noun

vleermuis f (plural vleermuizen, diminutive vleermuisje n)

vleermuizen (plural)
vleermuisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vlêrmuis

Berbice Creole Dutch: flermisi

Jersey Dutch: vlîremäus

Negerhollands: flåėrmoes

→ Aukan: feemusu

From Middle Dutch vlēdermuus, from vlēder (“wing”) + muus (“mouse”).


stokstaartje

From stok (“stick”) + staartje (“little tail”).

compound

De nieuwsgierige stokstaartjes moeten even wennen aan de gekleurde eieren, maar lieten het zich toch goed smaken.

2016 March 25, “Paasontbijt voor stokstaartjes in DierenPark”, in AD:

The curious meerkats had to get used to the coloured eggs for a moment, but enjoyed the taste of them nevertheless.

Suricata suricatta
Suricata suricatta#Translingual


kanarie

nl-noun

kanarie m (plural kanaries, diminutive kanarietje n)

kanaries (plural)
kanarietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: kanari

→ Sranan Tongo: kanari

→ Kari'na: kanari

Borrowed from French canari, from Spanish canario.

Serinus canaria
Serinus canaria#Translingual

(particularly) the Atlantic canary, common canary, Serinus canaria


mammoet

mammoet m (plural mammoeten or mammoets, diminutive mammoetje n)

mammoeten (plural)
mammoets (plural)
mammoetje (diminutive neuter)

From obsolete Russian мамант (mamant) (modern мамонт (mamont)), probably from a Uralic language.


kluut

kluut m (plural kluten, diminutive kluutje n)

kluten (plural)
kluutje (diminutive neuter)

Onomatopoeic, after its call. Forms with -ui- arose through regular sound change, but have been superseded by the older form with -uu-, which is truer to the bird's actual call.

Recurvirostra avosetta
Recurvirostra avosetta#Translingual


dromedaris

dromedaris m (plural dromedarissen, diminutive dromedarisje n)

dromedarissen (plural)
dromedarisje (diminutive neuter)

From Old French dromedaire, from Late Latin dromedarius (“kind of camel”), from Classical Latin dromas, dromadis, from Ancient Greek δρομὰς κάμηλος (dromàs kámēlos, “running camel”), from δρόμος (drómos, “race course”).

der

δρομὰς κάμηλος


nijlpaard

nl-noun

nijlpaard n (plural nijlpaarden, diminutive nijlpaardje n)

nijlpaarden (plural)
nijlpaardje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: kuda nil (calque)

From Nijl (“Nile”) + paard (“horse”), a loose calque of Latin hippopotamus, from Ancient Greek ἱπποπόταμος (hippopótamos). The same in German Nilpferd.

der

‘Hemeltjelief,’ zegt juf Lieke. ‘Een nijlpaard op jullie dak? Wat een afschuwelijke gebeurtenis lijkt me dat. En vertel eens, is er iemand geblesseerd geraakt, of zo plat als een dubbeltje?’

2016, Anke Kranendonk, Een nijlpaard voor de juf, Zwijsen Uitgeverij, →ISBN:

"Heavens to Betsy," says Ms Lieke (teacher). "A hippo on your (pl.) roof? That sounds like a horrible thing to happen to you. Tell me, did somebody get injured or get as flat as a pancake?"

Hippopotamus amphibius
Hippopotamus amphibius#Translingual

common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)


luipaard

nl-noun

luipaard m or n (plural luipaarden, diminutive luipaardje n)

luipaarden (plural)
luipaardje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: luiperd

From Middle Dutch lupaert, leupart, liepart, from Old Dutch *liupard, from Old French leopard, from Late Latin leopardus, from Ancient Greek λεόπαρδος (leópardos).

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual


ijsbeer

ijsbeer m (plural ijsberen, diminutive ijsbeertje n)

ijsberen (plural)
ijsbeertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ysbeer

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual


bunzing

bunzing m (plural bunzingen, diminutive bunzinkje n)

bunzingen (plural)
bunzinkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch bunsinc, bonsinc, also boesinc, businc. Further etymology unknown, not found outside the Ingvaeonic language area. Probably a derivative of the dialectal term boes (“stable”) with the now-unproductive suffix -ing (“originating from, inhabitant of”).

Die boot stinkt als een bunzing.

Mustela putorius
Mustela putorius#Translingual


vogelbekdier

vogelbekdier n (plural vogelbekdieren, diminutive vogelbekdiertje n)

vogelbekdieren (plural)
vogelbekdiertje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈʋoːɣəlˌbɛkˌdiːr/

From vogel (“bird”) + bek (“beak, (animal) mouth”) + dier (“animal”). Similar constructs exist in other Germanic languages, cf. Afrikaans eendbekdier, German Schnabeltier, Swedish näbbdjur.

compound

Australische wetenschappers hebben vermoedelijk een fossiel ontdekt van een reusachtig prehistorisch vogelbekdier.

2013 November 5, “Resten van reusachtig vogelbekdier ontdekt”, in NU.nl:

Australian scientists have presumably discovered a fossil of a gigantic prehistoric platypus.

ornithorhynchid, any member of the family Ornithorhynchidae of platypuses and close relatives


bosbes

nl-noun

bosbes f (plural bosbessen, diminutive bosbesje n)

bosbessen (plural)
bosbesje (diminutive neuter)

a bilberry; a plant of the genus Vaccinium

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

a bilberry, fruit of a plant in this genus, particularly that of Vaccinium myrtillus


kameel

kameel m (plural kamelen, diminutive kameeltje n)

kamelen (plural)
kameeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kameel

→ English: camel (South Africa)

Negerhollands: kameel

→ Papiamentu: kamel, kameel

From Middle Dutch camêel, from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic language. The form kemel (with stress on the initial syllable), the earliest attested form of the word in Middle Dutch which survived into early Modern Dutch, presumably represents an earlier borrowing from Latin or Greek, with i-umlaut, as if from Proto-West Germanic *kamīl.

Een kameel kan lange afstanden afleggen zonder water.

A camel can travel long distances without water.

De kameel draagt zware lasten door de woestijn.

The camel carries heavy loads across the desert.

Ze reed op een kameel tijdens haar vakantie in Egypte.

She rode a camel during her vacation in Egypt.

Camelus bactrianus
Camelus bactrianus#Translingual

camel (Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus; animal of the genus Camelus)


moeflon

moeflon m (plural moeflons, diminutive moeflonnetje n)

moeflons (plural)
moeflonnetje (diminutive neuter)

From French mouflon, from Italian muflone, from Late Latin mufrō (“wild sheep”), related to Latin musimo (“wild sheep”), both probably of pre-Latin origin. From 1765-75.


zeekoe

zeekoe f (plural zeekoeien, diminutive zeekoetje n)

zeekoeien (plural)
zeekoetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seekoei

→ Aukan: seku

From Middle Dutch seecoe, equivalent to zee (“sea”) + koe (“cow”); compare English sea cow.

1652 April 24, Jan van Riebeeck, Daghregister, 46v.-47, in D.B. Bosman & H.B. Thom (eds.), A.A. Balkema (publ., 1952 ed.), page 31.
Desen verleden nacht had 't volck aen lant een groote zeekoe gevangen, wel soo swaer als 2 gemene vette ossen, hebbende een seer affgrijsselijck, monstreus hooft ende verscheijde scherpe, uijtsteeckende tanden, waervan de langhste ⅝ el langh waren, met een corten halss ende laeghe beenen, de voeten bijnae van fatsoen als renocerosvoeten, edoch gekliefft in vier partijen; was seer fel ende wreet, ende hadden genoech te doen om te bedwinghen, onaengesien met eenighe cogels achter de ooren door 't hooft getrefft was, wesende de huijt wel 1 duijm dick ende soo hard dat op sommige plaetsen geen musquetscogel door coste geschoten worden; des hem recht voor in 't hooft lieten doot schieten, ende 't volck eeten, alsoo van goeden smaecke was, lopende de melck uijt de uijren.

This past night the people ashore had caught a large hippo, as heavy as 2 common fat oxen, no less, having a very gruesome, monstrous head and several sharp teeth sticking out, of which the longest were 44 cm long, with a short neck and low legs, the feet almost of the shape of rhinoceros feet, though cloven into four parts; [it] was very fierce and cruel, and [they/we] were more than preoccupied to subdue it, although [it] had been hit in the head behind the ears with a few bullets, the hide being no less than 1 inch thick and so hard that in some place no musket bullet could be shot through [it]; therefore [we] let [someone] kill it with a shot straight in the front of the head, and let the people eat, because [it] was of a good taste, the milk running from the udders.

(South Africa, archaic) common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) (now exclusively used when rendering Afrikaans seekoei)


alk

alk f (plural alken, diminutive alkje n)

alken (plural)
alkje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Swedish alka, another Scandinavian language or translingual Alca.


luiaard

luiaard m (plural luiaards, diminutive luiaardje n)

luiaards (plural)
luiaardje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: loiri

→ Aukan: loili

a sloth (mammal of the suborder Folivora)


kaaiman

kaaiman m (plural kaaimannen or kaaimans, diminutive kaaimannetje n)

kaaimannen (plural)
kaaimans (plural)
kaaimannetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: káimá

→ Sranan Tongo: kaiman

→ Caribbean Javanese: kaimang


appelsien

appelsien f (plural appelsienen, diminutive appelsientje n)

appelsienen (plural)
appelsientje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: aposin, apelsina

desc

→ Virgin Islands Creole: apelsina (archaic)

→ Papiamentu: apelsina, apusina, appelsina

desctree

→ Russian: апельсин (apelʹsin)
→ Belarusian: апельсі́н (apjelʹsín)
→ Chechen: апельсин (apelʲsin)
→ Kazakh: апельсин (apelsin)
→ Ukrainian: апельси́н (apelʹsýn)

→ Sranan Tongo: apresina

→ Lokono: apresjina

→ Aukan: apeesina

→ Caribbean Hindustani: parsina

→ Caribbean Javanese: jeruk prasinah

→ Kari'na: apelisina

→ Saramaccan: apeesína

→ Trió: aperisina

→ Wayana: peresinan

Compound of appel + Sina (old form of China), a calque of French pomme de Sine.

compound

old form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">China</i>

(Belgium, Limburg, archaic elsewhere) orange (fruit)


kikker

nl-noun

kikker m (plural kikkers, diminutive kikkertje n)

kikkers (plural)
kikkertje (diminutive neuter)

An onomatopoeia for the frog's sound. From kikken + -er.

a frog, relatively smooth amphibian of the order Anura

a cleat (device used for fastening), especially a nautical cleat


rendier

rendier n (plural rendieren, diminutive rendiertje n)

rendieren (plural)
rendiertje (diminutive neuter)

From rennen + dier, calque of German Rentier, by folk etymology from older Reentier.


spitsmuis

spitsmuis f (plural spitsmuizen, diminutive spitsmuisje n)

spitsmuizen (plural)
spitsmuisje (diminutive neuter)

From spits + muis, calque of German Spitzmaus. First attested around 1600.

shrew, laurasiatherian of the family Soricidae


knaagdier

knaagdier n (plural knaagdieren, diminutive knaagdiertje n)

knaagdieren (plural)
knaagdiertje (diminutive neuter)

From knagen (“to gnaw”) + dier (“animal”), perhaps through German Nagetier, eventually after Latin rodens.

rodent, any member of the order Rodentia


perzik

perzik f or m (plural perziken, diminutive perzikje n)

perziken (plural)
perzikje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: perske
→ Phuthi: iperekisi

Jersey Dutch: pierkes

→ Mahican: péněgěsak

→ Indonesian: persik

→ Munsee: piilkush (from a dialectal form)

→ Unami: pilkësh (from a dialectal form)

→ West Frisian: perzik

From Middle Dutch perseke, from Old Dutch *persika, from Proto-West Germanic *persik, ultimately borrowed from Late Latin persicum, persica.

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual


wasbeer

wasbeer m (plural wasberen, diminutive wasbeertje n)

wasberen (plural)
wasbeertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wasbeer

From wassen (“to wash”) + beer (“bear”). Probably a calque of German Waschbär, itself a calque of translingual Ursus lotor.

De wasberen leven vooral in de Ardennen.

2008 July 9, “Wasbeer trekt verwoestend spoor door Belgische bossen”, in Het Laatste Nieuws:

The raccoons predominantly live in the Ardennes.

a raccoon, carnivore of the genus Procyon


wezel

wezel f (plural wezels, diminutive wezeltje n)

wezels (plural)
wezeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wesel

Jersey Dutch: wêzel

From Middle Dutch wēsel, from Old Dutch *wisula, *wisala, from Proto-West Germanic *wisulā, from Proto-Germanic *wisulǭ.

Mustela nivalis
Mustela nivalis#Translingual


eekhoorn

eekhoorn m (plural eekhoorns, diminutive eekhoorntje n)

eekhoorns (plural)
eekhoorntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eekhoring

Jersey Dutch: än-kôrn, än̈kôrn

→ Papiamentu: eekhoorn

From Middle Dutch ecorn, eencoren, from Old Dutch *ēkorno, from Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō, from Proto-Germanic *aikwernô.


zoogdier

zoogdier n (plural zoogdieren, diminutive zoogdiertje n)

zoogdieren (plural)
zoogdiertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: soogdier

→ West Frisian: sûchdier

From zogen + dier, calque of German Säugetier. First attested in the 1800s.

mammal, any member of the class Mammalia


tijger

tijger m (plural tijgers, diminutive tijgertje n, feminine tijgerin)

tijgers (plural)
tijgertje (diminutive neuter)
tijgerin (feminine)

Afrikaans: tier

Berbice Creole Dutch: tigri

Sranan Tongo: tigri

→ West Frisian: tijger

From Middle Dutch tiger, from Old French tigre, from Latin tigris.

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual


buffel

buffel m (plural buffels, diminutive buffeltje n)

buffels (plural)
buffeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: buffel

→ Sranan Tongo: bofru

→ Lokono: boforo

From Middle Dutch buffel, from Old French buffle, from Italian bufalo (archaic buffalo), from Latin bubalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos).

a buffalo, one of some mammals of the subfamily Bovinae, especially of the genus Bubalus or Syncerus caffer


dolfijn

dolfijn m (plural dolfijnen, diminutive dolfijntje n)

dolfijnen (plural)
dolfijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dolfyn

→ Papiamentu: dòlfèin

→ West Frisian: dolfyn

From Middle Dutch delfijn, from Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίς (delphís). Cognate with English dolphin.

Dolfijnen waren heilige dieren voor de oude Grieken, die de dolfijn associëerden met de zonnegod Apollo.

Dolphins were sacred animals to the ancient Greeks, who associated the dolphin with the sun-god Apollo.

dolphin, sea mammal of the family Delphinidae


roerdomp

roerdomp m (plural roerdompen, diminutive roerdompje n)

roerdompen (plural)
roerdompje (diminutive neuter)

Probably borrowed from Middle Low German rōrdump.

Botaurus stellaris
Botaurus stellaris#Translingual

the great bittern, Eurasian bittern, Botaurus stellaris


emoe

Borrowed from English emu, probably from Portuguese ema.

Dromaius novaehollandiae
Dromaius novaehollandiae#Translingual


amfibie

amfibie m (plural amfibieën, diminutive amfibietje n)

amfibieën (plural)
amfibietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: amfibie

→ Indonesian: amfibi

amphibian, any member of the class Amphibia


hagedis

hagedis m (plural hagedissen, diminutive hagedisje n)

hagedissen (plural)
hagedisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: akkedis

Negerhollands: kakatės, kakketis

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kakates (dated)

→ Aukan: lagadisa

→ Sranan Tongo: lagadisa

→ West Frisian: hagedis

/ˌɦaːɣəˈdɪs/

From Middle Dutch hagetisse, from Old Dutch *egithassa, from Proto-West Germanic *agiþahsijā (“lizard”).

inh

lizard, non-snake reptilian of the subclass Squamata, especially of the Lacertilia


antilope

nl-noun

antilope f (plural antilopen or antilopes, diminutive antiloopje n)

antilopen (plural)
antilopes (plural)
antiloopje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French antilope, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French [Term?], from Medieval Latin antilops, from Byzantine Greek ἀνθόλοψ (anthólops).


koekoek

koekoek m (plural koekoeken, diminutive koekoekje n)

koekoeken (plural)
koekoekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: koekoek

From Middle Dutch coecoec, of imitative origin, perhaps influenced by Latin cuculus and/or Old French cucu (modern French coucou).

onomatopoeic

imitative

Cuculus canorus
Cuculus canorus#Translingual


krokodil

nl-noun

krokodil m or f (plural krokodillen, diminutive krokodilletje n)

krokodillen (plural)
krokodilletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krokodil

From Middle Dutch crocodil, from Latin crocodīlus, from Ancient Greek κροκόδειλος (krokódeilos).


doejong

doejong m (plural doejongs, diminutive doejongetje n)

doejongs (plural)
doejongetje (diminutive neuter)


damhert

damhert n (plural damherten, diminutive damhertje n)

damherten (plural)
damhertje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of dam (“fallow deer”) + hert (“deer”).


beverrat

beverrat m (plural beverratten, diminutive beverratje n)

beverratten (plural)
beverratje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of bever (“beaver”) + rat (“rat”).

coypu, member of the family Myocastoridae


civetkat

civetkat f (plural civetkatten, diminutive civetkatje n)

civetkatten (plural)
civetkatje (diminutive neuter)

civet, carnivore of the genera Viverra or Civettictis


mierenegel

mierenegel m (plural mierenegels, diminutive mierenegeltje n)

mierenegels (plural)
mierenegeltje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of mier (“ant”) + -en- + egel (“hedgehog”). Named after its resemblance to a hedgehog and its diet of ants and termites. First attested in the mid-nineteenth century.

echidna, any member of the family Tachyglossidae


goudhamster

goudhamster m (plural goudhamsters, diminutive goudhamstertje n)

goudhamsters (plural)
goudhamstertje (diminutive neuter)

Mesocricetus auratus
Mesocricetus auratus#Translingual


bultrug

bultrug m (plural bultruggen, diminutive bultruggetje n or bultrugje n)

bultruggen (plural)
bultruggetje (diminutive neuter)
bultrugje (diminutive neuter)

Either from bult (“hump”) + rug (“back”) or a shortening of bultrugwalvis.

Megaptera novaeangliae
Megaptera novaeangliae#Translingual

a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)


beloega

beloega m (plural beloega's, diminutive beloegaatje n)

beloega's (plural)
beloegaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Russian белу́га (belúga) (in turn бе́лый (bélyj, “white”)). In modern standard Russian белу́га (belúga) means the fish only (the "European sturgeon") and белу́ха (belúxa) a "white whale".

Een Beloega/ van vier perſoonen op een burrie gedragen.

1677, Historisch verhael, of Beschryving Van de Voyagie, Gedaen onder de Suite van den Heere Koenraad van Klenk, Jan Claesz. ten Hoorn, page 94:

Delphinapterus leucas
Delphinapterus leucas#Translingual


agoeti

agoeti m or n (plural agoeti's, diminutive agoetietje n)

agoeti's (plural)
agoetietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: agoeti

→ Sranan Tongo: aguti

From French agouti or Spanish agutí, both from Old Tupi akuti and other Tupian languages.


hermelijn

hermelijn m (plural hermelijnen, diminutive hermelijntje n)

hermelijnen (plural)
hermelijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hermelyn

From Middle Dutch hermelijn, a diminutive of hermel, harmel, from Old Dutch *hermilo, itself also a diminutive, of *harmo, from Proto-Germanic *harmô. Cognate with Middle Low German hermelīn, German Hermelin.

Mustela erminea
Mustela erminea#Translingual


jakhals

jakhals m (plural jakhalzen, diminutive jakhalsje n)

jakhalzen (plural)
jakhalsje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: jakkals

Borrowed from another European language, ultimately from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgālá, “jackal”). Modified into the current form by folk etymology.

jackal, one of certain canids of the genus Canis


grizzlybeer

grizzlybeer m (plural grizzlyberen, diminutive grizzlybeertje n)

grizzlyberen (plural)
grizzlybeertje (diminutive neuter)

Ursus arctos horribilis
Ursus arctos horribilis#Translingual


cheeta

cheeta m (plural cheeta's, diminutive cheetaatje n)

cheeta's (plural)
cheetaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English cheetah, from Hindi चीता (cītā), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀕 (cittaga), from Sanskrit चित्रक (citraka, “leopard”).

Acinonyx jubatus
Acinonyx jubatus#Translingual


fennek

fennek m (plural fenneks or fenneken, diminutive fennekje n)

fenneks (plural)
fenneken (plural)
fennekje (diminutive neuter)


capibara

capibara m (plural capibara's, diminutive capibaraatje n)

capibara's (plural)
capibaraatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Spanish capibara, from Old Tupi kapibara.

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual


bizon

bizon m (plural bizons, diminutive bizonnetje n)

bizons (plural)
bizonnetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bison

Borrowed from French bison, from Latin bisōn, from Proto-Germanic *wisundaz.


komodovaraan

komodovaraan c (plural komodovaranen, diminutive komodovaraantje n)

komodovaranen (plural)
komodovaraantje (diminutive neuter)


grutto

Limosa limosa
Limosa limosa#Translingual


gewervelde

vertebrate, any member of the subphylum Vertebrata


bacterie

bacterie f (plural bacteriën, diminutive bacterietje n)

bacteriën (plural)
bacterietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: baktéri (dialectal)

Dutchification of older bacterium, from New Latin bactērium, from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).

der

bacterium, any member of the domain Bacteria


meeuw

nl-noun

meeuw f (plural meeuwen, diminutive meeuwtje n)

meeuwen (plural)
meeuwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meeu

→ Papiamentu: meuchi, meeuwtsje (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch mêwe, from Old Dutch *mēo, from Proto-West Germanic *maiwī, from Proto-Germanic *maiwaz.

a seagull, seabird of the family Laridae


kraai

kraai f (plural kraaien, diminutive kraaitje n)

kraaien (plural)
kraaitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kraai

From Middle Dutch crâye, from Old Dutch *krāia, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ.

one of certain related birds of the genus Corvus or of the family Corvidae


ratel

ratel f (plural ratels, diminutive rateltje n)

ratels (plural)
rateltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch ratele, a compound of râte (“honeycomb”) and -ele. The suffix is ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent/instrumental/diminutive suffix), and râte (now raat) is ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *hrātu (“honeycomb”), which is probably inherited from Proto-Germanic *hrētō-.


potvis

nl-noun

potvis m (plural potvissen, diminutive potvisje n)

potvissen (plural)
potvisje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of pot (“pot”) + vis (“fish”). The part pot refers to the sperm whale's blunt head due to its melon and spermaceti organ.

sperm whale, any member of the family Physeteridae, including the above and several prehistoric species


buizerd

buizerd m (plural buizerds, diminutive buizerdje n)

buizerds (plural)
buizerdje (diminutive neuter)

From earlier buysard, buzart, from Middle French busard, from Old French buison, busart, from Latin būteō.

a buzzard, bird of prey of the genus Buteo


narwal

narwal m (plural narwals or narwallen, diminutive narwalletje n)

narwals (plural)
narwallen (plural)
narwalletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: narwal

Borrowed from Danish narhval. First attested in the 17th century.

Monodon monoceros
Monodon monoceros#Translingual


chimpansee

chimpansee m (plural chimpansees, diminutive chimpanseetje n)

chimpansees (plural)
chimpanseetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: simpansé

/ˌʃɪm.pɑnˈʃeː/


gordeldier

gordeldier n (plural gordeldieren, diminutive gordeldiertje n)

gordeldieren (plural)
gordeldiertje (diminutive neuter)

From gordel (“belt”) + dier (“animal”), calque of German Gürteltier. First attested in the 1790s.


slurf

slurf f (plural slurven, diminutive slurfje n)

slurven (plural)
slurfje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: slùrf

→ West Frisian: slurf

From slurven (a variant of slurpen (“to slurp”)) via Middle Dutch slorf.


spreeuw

spreeuw m or f (plural spreeuwen, diminutive spreeuwtje n)

spreeuwen (plural)
spreeuwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: spreeu

From Middle Dutch spreeuwe. Related to Saterland Frisian Spräie.

Sturnus vulgaris
Sturnus vulgaris#Translingual

the common starling, Sturnus vulgaris, individually or specifically


havik

havik m (plural haviken, diminutive havikje n)

haviken (plural)
havikje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hawik

From Middle Dutch havic, from Old Dutch *havuk, from Proto-West Germanic *habuk.
Compare Low German Haavk, German Habicht, West Frisian hauk, English hawk, Swedish hök, Norwegian hauk. The political sense derived from English hawk.

a hawk, a small bird of the family Accipitridae, especially of the genus Accipiter

Accipiter gentilis
Accipiter gentilis#Translingual


ijsvogel

ijsvogel m (plural ijsvogels, diminutive ijsvogeltje n)

ijsvogels (plural)
ijsvogeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch ijsvōgel. Equivalent to ijs (“ice”) + vogel (“bird”). There is some dispute about the origin of the name, some relate the first element to ijzer (“iron”) instead. Compare German Eisvogel, Icelandic ísfugl.

Alcedo atthis
Alcedo atthis#Translingual


pinguïn

pinguïn m (plural pinguïns, diminutive pinguïntje n or pinguïntje n)

pinguïns (plural)
pinguïntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pikkewyn

desctree

→ French: pingouin
→ Danish: pingvin
→ Italian: pinguino
→ Persian: پنگوئن
→ Portuguese: pinguim
→ Romanian: pinguin
→ Spanish: pingüino
→ Swedish: pingvin
→ Turkish: penguen

a penguin, flightless marine bird of the order Sphenisciformes


ooi

nl-noun

ooi f (plural ooien, diminutive ooitje n)

ooien (plural)
ooitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ooi

From Middle Dutch ooi, ou, from Old Dutch *ōi, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Compare German Aue, West Frisian ei, English ewe. Unrelated to ooibos (“riparian forest”).

1988, Het Boek, International Bible Society, Genesis 31:38

I have been with you for twenty years and all the time I took good care of your ewes and goats; so that they brought healthy offspring into the world. I never touched merely a single ram to eat one of them.

Twintig jaar ben ik bij u geweest en al die tijd heb ik goed voor uw ooien en geiten gezorgd, zodat zij gezonde jongen ter wereld brachten. Nooit heb ik ook maar één ram aangeraakt om ervan te eten.


boulanger

boulanger m (plural boulangers, diminutive boulangertje n)

boulangers (plural)
boulangertje (diminutive neuter)

From French beringène. from Spanish berenjena, from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân). Compare Antillean French bélangère ("aubergine") and Guadeloupean Creole French bélanjè ("aubergine"). Doublet of aubergine.

der

Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān)

Vroeger werden allerlei soort groenten opgediend, daarbij wist men nog: het is van mijn eigen grondje. Tegenwoordig alleen boulanger en kouseband en daar zorgt de leverancier in de stad voor.

1937 May 12, “CHATILLON”, in De Surinamer : nieuws- en advertentieblad, page 4:

In the old days, all kinds of vegetables were served, and people still knew: it comes from my own allotment. Nowadays only aubergines and yardlong beans [are served] and the supplier in town takes care of that.

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

(Suriname) Solanum melongena; eggplant, aubergine


herder

nl-noun

herder m (plural herders, diminutive herdertje n, feminine herderin)

herders (plural)
herdertje (diminutive neuter)
herderin (feminine)

Negerhollands: herder

→ Papiamentu: herder

From Middle Dutch herder, earlier herde from Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”) + agent suffix -e; the agent suffix -er replaced -e when the latter fell in disuse as signifying agency.


orchis

Unadapted borrowing from Latin orchis, from Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis).

an orchid; a plant of the family Orchidaceae


smid

smid m (plural smeden, diminutive smidje n)

smeden (plural)
smidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: smid

Negerhollands: smid

→ Munsee: shumát

→ Papiamentu: smet, smid

→ Sranan Tongo: smeti, smitti

→ Saramaccan: simítima

→ Unami: shëmìt, shmìt

From Middle Dutch smit, from Old Dutch *smith, from Proto-West Germanic *smiþ, from Proto-Germanic *smiþaz.

the tree frog species Boana faber, whose call resounds like a smith's hammer coming down


papegaai

papegaai m (plural papegaaien, diminutive papegaaitje n)

papegaaien (plural)
papegaaitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: papegaai

Berbice Creole Dutch: papkai

→ Aukan: papakai

desctree

→ Russian: попуга́й (popugáj)
→ Ingrian: popugai
→ Veps: popugai
→ Yakut: попугай (popugay)

From Middle Dutch papegay, from Old French papegai, ultimately from Arabic ببغاء, of onomatopoeic origin. Cf. English popinjay.

Men gaf hem, boven dien, waerschynlyk zynen naem van Garrulus, omdat hy, in eene kooi opgevoed, zeer wel leert klappen, gelyk de Pappegaeyen.

1770, Nederlandsche vogelen, part 1, page 2:

[The Eurasian jay] was moreover probably given its name Garrulus as he, when raised in a cage, learns to talk very well, like parrots do.

parrot, member of the order Psittaciformes, especially of the families Psittacidae and Psittaculidae


klauwier

nl-noun

klauwier m (plural klauwieren, diminutive klauwiertje n)

klauwieren (plural)
klauwiertje (diminutive neuter)

shrike, butcherbird, bird of the family Laniidae


zwaluw

zwaluw f (plural zwaluwen, diminutive zwaluwtje n)

zwaluwen (plural)
zwaluwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swael

From Middle Dutch swaluwe, from Old Dutch *swalwa, from Proto-West Germanic *swalwā, from Proto-Germanic *swalwǭ. Cognate with Danish and Norwegian svale, English swallow, German Schwalbe, Swedish svala. Doublet of schwalbe.

In de lente en zomer zie je vaak zwermen zwaluwen die door de lucht vliegen.

In spring and summer, you often see flocks of swallows flying through the air.

a swallow, bird of the family Hirundinidae


fint

fint f (plural finten, diminutive fintje n)

finten (plural)
fintje (diminutive neuter)


lori

lori m (plural lori's, diminutive lorietje n)

lori's (plural)
lorietje (diminutive neuter)

a lory, fig parrot, used for certain parrots of the subfamily Loriinae


lori

Borrowed from French loris, probably from Dutch loeris (“fool, simpleton”).

a loris, a primate of the subfamily Lorisinae


maina

maina c (plural maina's, diminutive mainaatje n)

maina's (plural)
mainaatje (diminutive neuter)

From Hindi मैना (mainā) / Urdu مینا (mainā).


varaan

varaan m (plural varanen, diminutive varaantje n)

varanen (plural)
varaantje (diminutive neuter)

From Arabic وَرَل (waral), cognate with German Waran, French varan.

the monitor lizard, a lizard of the genus Varanus


koet

koet m (plural koeten, diminutive koetje n)

koeten (plural)
koetje (diminutive neuter)


krekel

krekel m (plural krekels, diminutive krekeltje n)

krekels (plural)
krekeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch crekel, possibly a diminutive of an older form kreke (“cricket”), ultimately of imitative origin and related to the root of kraken (“to crack”). Related to kriek, English creak.

onomatopoeic

imitative


schors

nl-noun

schors f or m (plural schorsen, diminutive schorsje n)

schorsen (plural)
schorsje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skors

From Middle Dutch scorce, from Old French escorce (modern écorce), itself from Medieval Latin scorcia, from Latin scortea.


makreel

makreel m (plural makrelen, diminutive makreeltje n)

makrelen (plural)
makreeltje (diminutive neuter)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: makrell

From Middle Dutch makereel, from Old French maquerel.


jager

jager m (plural jagers, diminutive jagertje n, feminine jaagster)

jagers (plural)
jagertje (diminutive neuter)
jaagster (feminine)

→ Lokono: jagernu

→ Papiamentu: jager (dated)

From Middle Dutch jager, from Old Dutch jageri. Equivalent to jagen + -er.

skua, any bird of the genus Stercorarius


eigeel

eigeel n (plural eigelen, diminutive eigeeltje n)

eigelen (plural)
eigeeltje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of ei (“egg”) + geel (“yellow”).

Het eigeel heeft een rijke gele kleur.

Om de saus romiger te maken, voegde ze een eigeel toe.

To make the sauce creamier, she added an egg yolk.

Ik gebruikte twee eigelen voor de custard.


dooier

dooier m (plural dooiers, diminutive dooiertje n)

dooiers (plural)
dooiertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: dor, dojer (Aruba)

From Middle Dutch doder, from Old Dutch *dodro, from Proto-West Germanic *dodrō.

De dooier brak toen ik het ei opende.

The yolk broke when I cracked the egg open.

Het verschil tussen dooier en eiwit is duidelijk zichtbaar.

The difference between the yolk and egg white is clearly visible.

Deze taart vraagt om vier dooiers.


vlinder

vlinder m (plural vlinders, diminutive vlindertje n)

vlinders (plural)
vlindertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vlinder

Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *fî-faldrôn (“flying, folding”), from Proto-Germanic *fifaldǭ (“butterfly”). If so, related to Faroese firvaldur and German Falter.
Compare obsolete or dialectal English flinder.

der

butterfly, or generally any insect belonging to the order Lepidoptera


poedel

nl-noun

poedel m (plural poedels, diminutive poedeltje n)

poedels (plural)
poedeltje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Pudel. Cognate with English poodle.

Poedels zijn van oorsprong jachthonden.

Poodles were originally used as hunting dogs.

poedelnaakt

'naked as a poodle', starkers, from the fashion of shaving most of a poodle's fur


poedel

(archaic, chiefly ball games) a miss; a throw or shot that misses the goal or target


zeepaard

zeepaard n (plural zeepaarden, diminutive zeepaardje n)

zeepaarden (plural)
zeepaardje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seeperd

From Middle Dutch seepaert. Equivalent to zee + paard.

seahorse (more often used in its diminutive form - zeepaardje), fish of the genus Hippocampus


kwal

kwal f or m (plural kwallen, diminutive kwalletje n)

kwallen (plural)
kwalletje (diminutive neuter)

From earlier qualle; likely an ablaut variant from the same root as kwellen (“to well up, swell up”), whence also kwelder. Cognate with German Qualle.


pelikaan

pelikaan m (plural pelikanen, diminutive pelikaantje n)

pelikanen (plural)
pelikaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pelikaan

From Middle Dutch pellicaen, from Old French pelican, from Latin pelecānus, from Ancient Greek πελεκάν (pelekán).


struisvogel

struisvogel m (plural struisvogels, diminutive struisvogeltje n)

struisvogels (plural)
struisvogeltje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of struis (“ostrich”) + vogel (“bird”). Attested since the 17th century, displacing earlier vogelstruis. The element struis derives from Latin strūthiō.

Struthio camelus
Struthio camelus#Translingual

(particularly) the common ostrich, Struthio camelus


fuut

fuut m (plural futen, diminutive fuutje n)

futen (plural)
fuutje (diminutive neuter)

Podiceps cristatus
Podiceps cristatus#Translingual

the great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus


zwaan

zwaan m (plural zwanen, diminutive zwaantje n)

zwanen (plural)
zwaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swaan

→ Indonesian: soang

From Middle Dutch swane, from Old Dutch *swano, from Proto-Germanic *swanô. Existed next to Middle Dutch swan, from Old Dutch *swan, from Proto-Germanic *swanaz.
Cognate with Low German Swaan, West Frisian swan, German Schwan, English swan, Swedish svan.

a swan, a large waterbird of the genera Cygnus and Coscoroba


sperwer

sperwer m (plural sperwers, diminutive sperwertje n)

sperwers (plural)
sperwertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch sperware, from Old Dutch *sparwaro, *sparwari, from Proto-West Germanic *sparwarī. Cognate with German Sperber.

Accipiter nisus
Accipiter nisus#Translingual


kolibrie

kolibrie m (plural kolibries, diminutive kolibrietje n)

kolibries (plural)
kolibrietje (diminutive neuter)


wortel

wortel m (plural wortels or wortelen, diminutive worteltje n)

wortels (plural)
wortelen (plural)
worteltje (diminutive neuter)

desc

Afrikaans: wortel (“carrot, square root”)

Negerhollands: wortel, wolter

Skepi Creole Dutch: wotl (“carrot”)

→ Indonesian: akar (“square root, root”) (semantic loan)

→ Indonesian: wortel (“carrot”)

Simon Stevin
nl:wortel (groente)
nl:wortel (plant)
nl:wortel (wiskunde)

From Middle Dutch wortele, from Old Dutch *wurtala, from Proto-Germanic *wurt- (“root”) + *waluz (“stick”), formed from the Proto-Indo-European roots *wréh₂ds + *welH-.
The mathematical sense was coined by Simon Stevin. Compare German Wurzel, Low German Wuddel, Wortel, West Frisian woartel, Old English wyrtwalu; cf. also English wort.

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual

carrot, Daucus carota, especially Daucus carota subsp. sativa


bul

nl-noun

bul m (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n, feminine koe)

bullen (plural)
bulletje (diminutive neuter)
koe (feminine)

From Middle Dutch bulle, from Old Dutch *bullo, from Proto-Germanic *bulô. Cognate with English bull.

bull (male bovine, or one of certain other male mammals)


bul

bul f (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n)

bullen (plural)
bulletje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: bùl

From Middle Dutch bulle, from Latin bulla (“bull, decree”).

great seal affixed to certain documents, notably charters from reigning princes and certain dignitaries


adenovirus

(medicine) adenovirus (any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans)


linnen

linnen n (plural linnens, diminutive linnentje n)

linnens (plural)
linnentje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: linnen

→ Indonesian: linen

→ Papiamentu: linnen (dated)

From Middle Dutch linijn, originally an adjective. Equivalent to lijn + -en.

(uncountable) linen, a cloth made from flax


linnen

linnen (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
linnen (indefinite neuter positive singular)
linnen (indefinite plural positive)
linnen (definite positive)

Afrikaans: linne


koon

koon f (plural konen, diminutive koontje n)

konen (plural)
koontje (diminutive neuter)

Audio

Unknown. Cognate with Saterland Frisian kon (“cheek”).

Ik zie, dat op haar zachte koon
Ook frisse lenterozen bloeien,

I see that on her soft cheek
Fresh spring-roses blossom too,


aker

aker m (plural akers, diminutive akertje n)

akers (plural)
akertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch aker, eker, haker, from Old Dutch *aker, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], Latin aquarium. The loan from Latin is likely very early, as evidenced by the shifted consonants in Old High German ahhāri, ahari, agari. Doublet of aquarium.


aker

From Middle Dutch aker, from Old Dutch *akaran, from Proto-Germanic *akraną.


roofdier

roofdier n (plural roofdieren, diminutive roofdiertje n)

roofdieren (plural)
roofdiertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: roofdier

→ West Frisian: rôfdier

From roven (“to rob, to capture”) + dier (“animal”), perhaps a calque of German Raubtier. Compare roven.

compound

a carnivoran, any member of the order Carnivora


snavel

nl-noun

snavel m (plural snavels, diminutive snaveltje n)

snavels (plural)
snaveltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch snavel, from Old Dutch *snaval, from Proto-Germanic *snabulaz.


welp

welp m or n (plural welpen, diminutive welpje n)

welpen (plural)
welpje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch welp, from Old Dutch welp, from Proto-Germanic *hwelpaz.

human youngster, especially of age group 8-11 in boy scouts


fazant

fazant m (plural fazanten, diminutive fazantje n)

fazanten (plural)
fazantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: fisant

From earlier faisant, from Middle Dutch faisant, rare form of fasaen, from Old French faisan, from Latin phāsiānus, from Ancient Greek φᾱσιανός (phāsianós).

De uitbundig gekleurde fazant is geliefd onder zowel jagers als vogelaars.

The exuberantly-colored common pheasant is beloved among both hunters and birders.

Phasianus colchicus
Phasianus colchicus#Translingual

(particularly) the common pheasant, Phasianus colchicus


puit

puit m (plural puiten, diminutive puitje n)

puiten (plural)
puitje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch puut (“frog”), from Old Dutch pūt, from Proto-Germanic *put-, *pud- (“to swell”). Compare dialectal English pod (“belly”), pout, Swedish puta (“to pout”). Akin to French bouder.


blaffen

blaffen (infinitive)
blaffen (gerund neuter)
blaf (first-person present singular)
blafte (first-person past singular)
blaft (present second-person singular)
blaf (present second-person singular)
blafte (past second-person singular)
blaft (formal present second-person singular)
blafte (formal past second-person singular)
blaft (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
blaft (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
blafte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
blafte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
blaft (present singular third-person)
blafte (past singular third-person)
blaffen (plural present)
blaften (past plural)
blaffe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
blafte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
blaffen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
blaften (archaic past plural subjunctive)
blaf (imperative present singular)
blaft (archaic imperative plural present)
blaffend (participle present)
geblaft (participle past)

Afrikaans: blaf

Negerhollands: baf

→ English: blaff

→ Papiamentu: blaf

(intransitive) to bark, like a canine and certain others species

(intransitive) to grumble, notably said of a hungry stomach

(intransitive) to utter pointless sounds, e.g. protest or argue in vain


viooltje

(botany) the common appellation, regardless of size, for any violet, an ornamental fragrant plant genus (including the pansy)


appelsienenboom

appelsienenboom m (plural appelsienenbomen, diminutive appelsienenboompje n)

appelsienenbomen (plural)
appelsienenboompje (diminutive neuter)


kalkoen

kalkoen m (plural kalkoenen, diminutive kalkoentje n)

kalkoenen (plural)
kalkoentje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: kalkoen
→ English: kalkoentjie
→ Swazi: ingalukhuni
→ Xhosa: ikarukwini
→ Zulu: ikalikuni
→ Shona: Garukuni

Berbice Creole Dutch: kalkuna

Jersey Dutch: kääl'kûn

Negerhollands: kalkuen

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kalkun (dated)

→ Lokono: kalakona

→ Caribbean Javanese: kalkun

→ Danish: kalkun

→ Faroese: kalkun

→ Icelandic: kalkúnn

→ Indonesian: kalkun

→ Japanese: カラクン

→ Low German:

→ Dutch Low Saxon: kalkoen

→ German Low German: Kalkuun

→ Mohegan-Pequot: goongeyox

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kalkun

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kalkun

→ Papiamentu: kalakuna

→ Sranan Tongo: krakun
→ Aukan: kaakun
→ Caribbean Hindustani: krákun
→ Kari'na: karakuna

→ Swedish: kalkon

→ Finnish: kalkkuna

→ West Frisian: kalkoen

From older Dutch Calcoensche haan (modern kalkoense haan), from Calcoen, the then-used name for the Indian city Calicut, modern Kozhikode. Although the bird originated in the Americas, confusion arose due to its similarity to the African guinea fowl, which was exported to and imported from India since the 15th century by Portuguese traders.

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual

a turkey; any bird of genus Meleagris, particularly Meleagris gallopavo


kikkervisje

From kikker (“frog”) + visje (“fish”). Compare West Frisian kikkertsfiskje (“tadpole”).


wijfjeskat

nl-noun

wijfjeskat f (plural wijfjeskatten, diminutive wijfjeskatje n)

wijfjeskatten (plural)
wijfjeskatje (diminutive neuter)

From wijfje (“female”) + -s- + kat (“cat”).


narcis

narcis f (plural narcissen or narcissi, diminutive narcisje n)

narcissen (plural)
narcissi (plural)
narcisje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin narcissus, from Ancient Greek νάρκισσος (nárkissos).

any related flower of the genus Narcissus


kakkerlak

kakkerlak m (plural kakkerlakken, diminutive kakkerlakje n)

kakkerlakken (plural)
kakkerlakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kakkerlak

Berbice Creole Dutch: kakalaka

Negerhollands: kakerlaker, kakelak

desc

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kakalaka, kakaroachee (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: kakalaka

→ Lokono: kakalaka

→ Aukan: kakaaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: calcattá

→ Danish: kakerlak

→ Indonesian: kakerlak

→ Papiamentu: kakalaka

→ Sranan Tongo: kakalaka

→ Saramaccan: ahalakpákpa

From kacker, a contemptuous term derived from kakken (“to shit, defecate”), and lacker (“talker, freeloader”), from likken (“to lick”).

(soccer, colloquial, often derogatory) supporter of Feyenoord


bies

nl-noun

bies f (plural biezen, diminutive biesje n)

biezen (plural)
biesje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: bis

From Middle Dutch biese, from Old Dutch *biesa, from Proto-West Germanic *beusu.

a bulrush, club-rush; any of various plants from the genera Scirpus, Schoenoplectus or Bolboschoenus, particularly Schoenoplectus


hengel

hengel m (plural hengels, diminutive hengeltje n)

hengels (plural)
hengeltje (diminutive neuter)

From hangen + -el, with umlaut; possibly influenced by angel (“stinger, hook”). It is uncertain if the plant name is etymologically identical.


erwt

erwt f (plural erwten, diminutive erwtje n)

erwten (plural)
erwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ertjie
→ Xhosa: i-ertyisi

→ Indonesian: ercis

→ Papiamentu: ert (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: erki

From Middle Dutch erwete, from Old Dutch *erwit, from Proto-West Germanic *arwīt, from Proto-Germanic *arwīts. Cognate to German Erbse.

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual


straal

straal m or f (plural stralen, diminutive straaltje n)

stralen (plural)
straaltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: straal

→ Papiamentu: stral, straal

From Middle Dutch strâel, strâle, from Old Dutch strāla, from Proto-West Germanic *strālu.


korstmos

korstmos n or m (plural korstmossen, diminutive korstmosje n)

korstmossen (plural)
korstmosje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Indonesian: lumut kerak (“lichen”, literally “crust moss”) (calque)

Compound of korst (“crust”) + mos (“moss”). First attested in the late 18th century.


schimmel

nl-noun

schimmel m (plural schimmels, diminutive schimmeltje n)

schimmels (plural)
schimmeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skimmel

→ Papiamentu: skim (dated)

From Middle Dutch schimmel (“rust”), from Proto-Germanic *skimla-.
Cognate with German Schimmel, whence is borrowed the sense “grey horse” (due to the similar colour).

Schimmels planten zich voort door middel van sporen.


gemsbok

gemsbok m (plural gemsbokken, diminutive gemsbokje n)

gemsbokken (plural)
gemsbokje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gemsbok

→ English: gemsbok


inktvis

inktvis m (plural inktvissen, diminutive inktvisje n)

inktvissen (plural)
inktvisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: inkvis

Inktvis is een misleidende naam: het is helemaal geen vis, zelfs geen gewerveld dier, en inktvissen produceren ook geen echte inkt, al wordt er wel pasta sepia gekleurd met het goedje

"Inktvis" is a misleading name: it's not a fish at all, not even a vertebrate, and squids produce no actual ink either, although some pasta is colored sepia with the stuff

a squid, marine mollusk of the superorder Decabrachia or Decapodiformes or more generally (including octopuses) of the class Cephalopoda


hoornaar

hoornaar m (plural hoornaars, diminutive hoornaartje n)

hoornaars (plural)
hoornaartje (diminutive neuter)

By surface analysis, hoorn + -aar (perhaps referring to its antennae), but likely actually derived from Proto-West Germanic *hurnutu, whence English hornet.


pijnboom

pijnboom m (plural pijnbomen, diminutive pijnboompje n)

pijnbomen (plural)
pijnboompje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pynboom

From Middle Dutch pijnboom. Equivalent to pijn (“pine”) + boom.

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris#Translingual

mainly the species Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)


hengst

hengst m (plural hengsten, diminutive hengstje n)

hengsten (plural)
hengstje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hings

From Middle Dutch henxt, from Old Dutch *hengist, from Proto-West Germanic *hangist, from Proto-Germanic *hangistaz.

Deze hengst heeft een uitstekende stamboom.

This stallion has an excellent pedigree.

stallion (male horse, especially uncastrated)

Hij gaf zijn aanvaller een geweldige hengst.

He gave his attacker an enormous wallop.

(metonymically) a very hard hit, like given by a angrily kicking stallion


kalf

kalf n (plural kalveren, diminutive kalfje n)

kalveren (plural)
kalfje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kalf

Jersey Dutch: käälv

Negerhollands: kalv, kalfi, calluf

From Middle Dutch calf, from Old Dutch calf, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.

a calf (young cow or bull; young bovine)

a calf (young elephant; young deer; young of certain marine mammals)


baviaan

baviaan m (plural bavianen, diminutive baviaantje n)

bavianen (plural)
baviaantje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: babiana

→ German: Pavian (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch baubijn, from Old French babuin, perhaps from baboe (“grimace”).
The spelling with -iaen (modern spelling: -iaan) first appears in the sixteenth century, becoming common in the seventeenth century, perhaps due to the Arminian controversy as a rhyme for arminiaan.


patrijs

patrijs f (plural patrijzen, diminutive patrijsje n)

patrijzen (plural)
patrijsje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: patrys

→ West Frisian: patriis

From Middle Dutch patrise, from older partrise, from Old French pertriz, variant of perdriz, from Latin perdīx (“partridge”), from Ancient Greek πέρδιξ (pérdix, “partridge”). Forms retaining the first r existed into the 17th century.

der

Perdix perdix
Perdix perdix#Translingual

(particularly) the grey partridge, Perdix perdix


hamel

nl-noun

hamel m (plural hamels, diminutive hameltje n)

hamels (plural)
hameltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch hamel, from Old Dutch *hamal, from Proto-Germanic *hamalaz (“mutilated, castrated”). Cognate with German Hammel. Further origin uncertain; perhaps related to ham (“bacon”).


knolraap

nl-noun

knolraap m (plural knolrapen, diminutive knolraapje n)

knolrapen (plural)
knolraapje (diminutive neuter)

From knol (“bulb”) + raap (“rape, turnip”).

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

turnip, cultivated plant with edible white root, Brassica rapa


moer

moer f (plural moeren, diminutive moertje n)

moeren (plural)
moertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: moer (dated)

Contraction of moeder (“mother”) by regular syncope of medial /d/ (compare broer, blij, leer, la).


wijfje

Het wijfje draagt een welp in haar bek.

The female animal carries a whelp in her mouth.


stokvis

stokvis m (plural stokvissen, diminutive stokvisje n)

stokvissen (plural)
stokvisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: stokvis

→ Papiamentu: stokvis (dated)

From Middle Dutch stocvisch, from Middle Low German [Term?]. Equivalent to stok + vis.


framboos

framboos m (plural frambozen, diminutive framboosje n)

frambozen (plural)
framboosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: framboos

→ Indonesian: frambos

16th century, from Middle French framboise, from Frankish *brāmabasi (from a variant of Proto-West Germanic *brāmabaʀi), whence also the inherited doublet braambes (“blackberry”).

raspberry, plant of the species Rubus idaeus


pauw

pauw m (plural pauwen, diminutive pauwtje n)

pauwen (plural)
pauwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pou

Negerhollands: powwis

→ Munsee: páaw

→ Papiamentu: pòwis

From Middle Dutch pau, pauwe, from Old Dutch *pauwo, from Proto-Germanic *pāwô, from Latin pāvō, likely from Ancient Greek ταώς (taṓs), of uncertain further origin.


aardworm

aardworm m (plural aardwormen, diminutive aardwormpje n)

aardwormen (plural)
aardwormpje (diminutive neuter)

From aarde + worm. Cognate to German Erdwurm.

an earthworm, the most common terrestrian worm species


rozemarijn

rozemarijn m (plural rozemarijnen, diminutive rozemarijntje n)

rozemarijnen (plural)
rozemarijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: roosmaryn

→ Papiamentu: rósamarein

Borrowed from Middle French rosmarin, from Old French rosmarin, from Latin rōsmarīnus. Secondarily influenced by roos (“rose”), for which compare English rosemary.

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

(chiefly uncountable, countable) the rosemary plant, Salvia rosmarinus syn. Rosmarinus officinalis


crassula

crassula f (plural crassula's, diminutive crassulaatje n)

crassula's (plural)
crassulaatje (diminutive neuter)


marter

marter m (plural marters, diminutive martertje n)

marters (plural)
martertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch marter, borrowed from Old French martre, in turn borrowed from Frankish *marthar, from Proto-Germanic *marþraz.


lieveheersbeestje

Afrikaans: lieweheersbesie

→ West Frisian: leavehearsbistke

From Onze Lieve Heer (“our Dear Lord”) + beestje (“beast, animal”). Compare Russian бо́жья коро́вка (bóžʹja koróvka), Irish bóín Dé, Polish boża krówka.

ncog

бо́жья коро́вка

ladybird, ladybug, insectivore beetle of the family Coccinellidae


nachtegaal

nl-noun

nachtegaal m (plural nachtegalen, diminutive nachtegaaltje n)

nachtegalen (plural)
nachtegaaltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: nagtegaal

desc

→ West Frisian: nachtegael, nachtegeal, nachtegeale

Inherited from Middle Dutch nachtegale, from Old Dutch *nahtagala, from Proto-West Germanic *nahtigalā.

IN ITHACA ZINGEN DE NACHTEGALEN / boven de cederwouden bij de zee / die op de rotsen ruischt als aan cimbalen; / de sterren bloeien tot een wilde sneeuw.

1946, Anton van Wilderode, “Ivoor en brood”, in Dietsche Warande en Belfort, volume 91, page 2:

In Ithaca the nightingales sing / above the cedar woods at the sea / that rustles against the rocks as if against cymbals; / the stars bloom into a wild snow.

Luscinia megarhynchos
Luscinia megarhynchos#Translingual

the nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos (songbird)


tabak

nl-noun

tabak m (plural tabakken, diminutive tabakje n)

tabakken (plural)
tabakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tabak

Berbice Creole Dutch: tobaku

Jersey Dutch: tebāk

Negerhollands: tobak, tubak

→ Caribbean Hindustani: tamáku

→ Saramaccan: tabáku

→ West Frisian: tabak

(chiefly uncountable) tobacco, the product made from leaves of certain of its varieties, to be smoked in cigars etc., sniffed or chewed

(obsolete) something excellent, something outstanding


woerd

woerd m (plural woerden, diminutive woerdje n)

woerden (plural)
woerdje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch woert, woort, apparently dialectal forms of *waart (whence the byform given below). Compare regional Low German Warte (“drake”). Further origin unknown.


woerd

woerd f (plural woerden, diminutive woerdje n)

From Middle Dutch woert, either from Old Dutch *wurth, *wuorth or from Old Frisian wurth, from Proto-Germanic *wurþiz. Frisian origin might be suggested by the irregular -oe- and the fact that it is a coastal word. Cognate with German Wurt (“man-made hill”), Icelandic urð (“area covered by fallen rocks”).

cog

man-made hill or elevation (as used in low areas to protect farmhouses against flooding)


papegaaiduiker

nl-noun

papegaaiduiker m (plural papegaaiduikers, diminutive papegaaiduikertje n)

papegaaiduikers (plural)
papegaaiduikertje (diminutive neuter)

From papegaai (“parrot”) + duiker (“diver”).

De zonderlinge snavel van den papegaaiduiker onderscheidt dezen vogel ten hoogste van de overige zeevogels, die de dorre klippen van het strand der noordsche zeeën bevolken.

1862, C. T. Winkler, Natuurlijke geschiedenis van het dierenrijk: zoogdieren en vogels, 2nd edition, volume VII, section 484:

The weird beak of the puffin distinguishes this bird in the utmost degree of the other seabirds, that populate the arid cliffs at the beachlines of the northern seas.

Fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica#Translingual

the puffin, Fratercula arctica, a diving seabird with a coloured beak


laurier

laurier m (plural laurieren, diminutive lauriertje n)

laurieren (plural)
lauriertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: lourier

Borrowed from Middle French laurier, from Old French lorier.

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


paasei

paasei n (plural paaseieren, diminutive paaseitje n)

paaseieren (plural)
paaseitje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of Pasen (“Easter”) + ei (“egg”).

Easter egg (egg-shaped chocolate confection)


kiekendief

kiekendief m (plural kiekendieven, diminutive kiekendiefje n)

kiekendieven (plural)
kiekendiefje (diminutive neuter)

Jersey Dutch: kääukendîf, kääukerdîf

Negerhollands: kikindif

From kieken (“chicken”) + dief (“thief”).

a harrier, predatory bird of the subfamily Circinae


avocadoboom

avocadoboom m (plural avocadobomen, diminutive avocadoboompje n)

avocadobomen (plural)
avocadoboompje (diminutive neuter)


berin

berin f (plural berinnen, diminutive berinnetje n)

berinnen (plural)
berinnetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch bērinne. Equivalent to beer (“bear”) + -in.

a she-bear / female bear (female large predatory mammal of the family Ursidae)


mosterd

mosterd m (plural mosterds, diminutive mosterdje n)

mosterds (plural)
mosterdje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mosterd

>? Negerhollands: mostert, muster

→ Ambonese Malay: mostor

→ Indonesian: mostar, moster

→ Javanese: mostardi, moster

→ Kupang Malay: mostor

→ Madurese: moster

→ Manado Malay: mostor

→ North Moluccan Malay: mostor

→ Papiamentu: mòster, mòstert, moster

→ Sranan Tongo: mostert

From Middle Dutch mostaert, from Old French moustarde (French: moutarde), from moust (“must”), from Latin mustum.


artisjok

artisjok m (plural artisjokken, diminutive artisjokje n)

artisjokken (plural)
artisjokje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: artisjok

Borrowed from Northern Italian articiocco, from Provençal archichaut, arquichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ẖaršúf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara scolymus
Cynara scolymus#Translingual

artichoke, Cynara scolymus, an edible plant related to the thistle

Diccionario de la lengua española
nl:artisjok


roek

nl-noun

roek m (plural roeken, diminutive roekje n)

roeken (plural)
roekje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch roec, from Old Dutch *ruok, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz.

Corvus frugilegus
Corvus frugilegus#Translingual


amandelboom

amandelboom m (plural amandelbomen, diminutive amandelboompje n)

amandelbomen (plural)
amandelboompje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of amandel (“almond”) + boom (“tree”).

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual

almond tree (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis)


teef

teef f (plural teven, diminutive teefje n, masculine reu)

teven (plural)
teefje (diminutive neuter)
reu (masculine)

From Middle Dutch teve, from Old Dutch *tiva, from Proto-West Germanic *tibā, perhaps from the root of Old Norse tík (“bitch”).
Cognate to Old English tife and probably German Zibbe.

a bitch, a female dog: a female dog or other canine


amandel

amandel f (plural amandelen, diminutive amandeltje n)

amandelen (plural)
amandeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: amandel

→ Kari'na: mantala

→ Indonesian: amandel

→ Papiamentu: amandel

→ Sranan Tongo: amandra

→ Caribbean Javanese: mandrah


selderij

selderij m (plural selderijen, diminutive selderijtje n)

selderijen (plural)
selderijtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seldery

→ Caribbean Javanese: slèdri

→ Belarusian: сельдэрэ́й (sjelʹderéj)

→ Malay: seladeri

Malay: saderi (by elision)

Indonesian: seledri

desc

→ Papiamentu: sèlder, sèldu, selde, selder

desctree

→ Russian: сельдере́й (selʹderéj), селлере́й (selleréj), селере́й (seleréj), сендере́й (senderéj)
→ Kyrgyz: сельдерей (selderey)
→ Tatar: сельдерей (sel’derey)
→ Turkmen: seldereý
→ Uzbek: selderey
→ Yiddish: סעלדעריי (selderey)

Borrowed from French céleri, from Latin selīnum, from Ancient Greek σέλῑνον (sélīnon). For the epenthetic d, which was productive well into the seventeenth century, compare kelder, zolder, daalder, mulder, vilder, volder.

Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens#Translingual


spinazie

→ Caribbean Javanese: spinangsi

→ Papiamentu: spinazi, spinasji

From Middle Dutch spinagie, from Old French espinache, from Latin spinachium, Old Spanish espinaca, from Arabic إسفاناخ, from Persian اسفناج.

der

Arabic إسفاناخ

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea#Translingual

spinach (Spinacia oleracea, an edible plant)


hommel

nl-noun

hommel f (plural hommels, diminutive hommeltje n)

hommels (plural)
hommeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch hommel. Likely an onomatopoeic derivation from a verb and the archaic diminutive suffix -el (compare druppel).
Cognate with Middle Low German homel, Old High German humbal, German Hummel, West Frisian hommel, Middle English humbil, English humblebee, Norwegian humle, Swedish humla. See also hommelen, hommeles and German hummeln.


kraanvogel

kraanvogel m (plural kraanvogels, diminutive kraanvogeltje n)

kraanvogels (plural)
kraanvogeltje (diminutive neuter)

From kraan (“crane (bird)”) + vogel (“bird”).

(particularly) the common crane, Grus grus


prei

prei m (plural preien, diminutive preitje n)

preien (plural)
preitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: prei

→ Indonesian: prei

→ Papiamentu: prei

→ West Frisian: prei

From Middle Dutch poreye, from Old French poree.

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium porrum
Allium porrum#Translingual

leek, Allium ampeloprasum syn. Allium porrum (stem vegetable)


vink

vink f or m (plural vinken, diminutive vinkje n)

vinken (plural)
vinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vink

From Middle Dutch vinke, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *finkiz.

Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs#Translingual


mijt

mijt f (plural mijten, diminutive mijtje n)

mijten (plural)
mijtje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch mite, from Old Dutch *mīta, from Proto-Germanic *mītōn.


klaproos

klaproos f (plural klaprozen, diminutive klaproosje n)

klaprozen (plural)
klaproosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: klaproos

→ West Frisian: klaproas

From older klapperroos, borrowed from German Klapperrose. Equivalent to klappen (“to pop, bang”) + roos (“rose”).

com

(botany) a poppy, any of several plants of genus Papaver

(particularly) Synonym of gewone klaproos (“common poppy, Papaver rhoeas”)


appelboom

nl-noun

appelboom m (plural appelbomen, diminutive appelboompje n)

appelbomen (plural)
appelboompje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: appelboom

From Middle Dutch appelbôom. Equivalent to appel (“apple”) + boom (“tree”).

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

apple tree (any cultivar of the Malus domestica tree species)


roerei

roerei n (plural roereieren, diminutive roereitje n)

roereieren (plural)
roereitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: roereier

→ Papiamentu: webu rurònt

From roeren (“to stir, scramble”) + ei (“egg”), probably a calque of German Rührei.

compound

(countable) a serving of scrambled eggs; (uncountable) scrambled eggs


soja

nl-noun

soja f (plural soja's, diminutive sojaatje n)

soja's (plural)
sojaatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: soja

desc

→ Arabic: صُويَا (ṣūyā)

→ Arabic: صُويَا (ṣūyā)

→ Catalan: soia, soja

→ English: soy, soya

→ Finnish: soija

→ French: soja

→ German: Soja

→ Greek: σόγια (sógia)

→ Hungarian: szója

→ Malay: soya

Indonesian: soya

→ Portuguese: soja

→ Russian: со́я (sója)

→ Slovene: soja

→ Spanish: soja

Etymology tree
Chinese 醬油／酱油 (jiàngyóu)bor.
Japanese 醤油bor.
Dutch soja
Borrowed from Japanese そや (soya), topicalized form of そい (soi), itself the Kagoshima dialectal form of Japanese 醤油 (shōyu, “soy sauce”), from Chinese 醬油／酱油 (jiàngyóu).


reu

nl-noun

reu m (plural reuen or reus, diminutive reutje n, feminine teef)

reuen (plural)
reus (plural)
reutje (diminutive neuter)
teef (feminine)

From Middle Dutch reude, possibly from Proto-Germanic *hruþjô (“large dog, hound”), itself possibly from *hruttōną (“to roar”), from a Proto-Indo-European root shared by Ancient Greek κόρυζα (kóruza), Old English hrot. Or, from Proto-Germanic *hreutaną, *hrūtaną, *hruttōną (“to snore”), which would be related to Old Norse hrjóta.
Cognate to German Rüde.


toorts

nl-noun

toorts f or m (plural toortsen, diminutive toortsje n)

toortsen (plural)
toortsje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch tortse, from Old French torche, ultimately from Latin torqueō (“twist”).

mullein (any plant of the genus Verbascum)


pekari

pekari ? (plural pekari's, diminutive pekarietje n)

pekari's (plural)
pekarietje (diminutive neuter)


slak

slak f or m (plural slakken, diminutive slakje n)

slakken (plural)
slakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: slak

From Middle Dutch slecke, slacke, from Old Dutch *slekki (attested in personal names), from Proto-Germanic *slikkō, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sliǵ-ōn, from *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”). Cognate with Luxembourgish Schleek, German Low German Slacke, Slack (“snail”).


slak

From Middle Low German slagge, whence also German Schlacke, English slag. See the latter.

slag (the impurities which result and are separated out when melting a metal or refining it from its ore)

hard, molten leftovers of burnt coal and other solid fuels


struik

struik m (plural struiken, diminutive struikje n)

struiken (plural)
struikje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: struik


panter

panter m (plural panters, diminutive pantertje n)

panters (plural)
pantertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch pantera, from Latin panthera, possibly via Middle French panthère.

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual


zee-eend

zee-eend f (plural zee-eenden, diminutive zee-eendje n)

zee-eenden (plural)
zee-eendje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of zee (“sea”) + eend (“duck”).


tarwe

From Middle Dutch tarwe, from Old Dutch *tarwa, from Proto-West Germanic *taru, from Proto-Germanic *tarwō, from Proto-Indo-European *der(H)- (“to tear, crack”). Cognate with Limburgish terve, West Flemish terwe, Zealandic tèrve, Old Saxon tarwa, Middle Low German tarwe, German Low German Tarwe, Old English *taru.
More distantly related to Serbo-Croatian and Slovene trava ("grass"), Lithuanian dirvà (“field”), Russian дере́вня (derévnja, “village”), Ancient Greek δάρατος (dáratos, “bread”), Sanskrit दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “panic grass, millet”), Welsh drewg (“darnel”), Transalpine Gaulish dravoca (“ryegrass, Lolium sp.”).


aardbeienplant

nl-noun

aardbeienplant m or f (plural aardbeienplanten, diminutive aardbeienplantje n)

aardbeienplanten (plural)
aardbeienplantje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of aardbei (“strawberry”) + -en- + plant (“plant”).


eiwit

nl-noun

eiwit n (plural eiwitten, diminutive eiwitje n)

eiwitten (plural)
eiwitje (diminutive neuter)

Het eiwit moet gescheiden worden van de dooier.

The egg white needs to be separated from the yolk.

Een meringue wordt gemaakt van geklopt eiwit.

A meringue is made from whipped egg white.

Ik heb drie eiwitten nodig voor dit recept.

I need three egg whites for this recipe.


rups

rups f (plural rupsen, diminutive rupsje n)

rupsen (plural)
rupsje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ruspe

From Middle Dutch rupse, from earlier rupsene, from Proto-Germanic *rūpō and probably related to *raupijaną.
Related to German Raupe and West Frisian rûp.

caterpillar, metal alternative for a tire


stier

stier m (plural stieren, diminutive stiertje n, feminine koe)

stieren (plural)
stiertje (diminutive neuter)
koe (feminine)

Afrikaans: stier

From Middle Dutch stier, from Old Dutch stier, from Proto-Germanic *steuraz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)táwros. Doublet of tauros.

a bull; a male of certain mammals, in particular bovines


pitbull

pitbull m (plural pitbulls, diminutive pitbulletje n)

pitbulls (plural)
pitbulletje (diminutive neuter)


ruiter

ruiter m (plural ruiters, diminutive ruitertje n)

ruiters (plural)
ruitertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ruiter

→ German: Reuter

From Middle Dutch ruter, from Old French routier.


formicarium

formicarium n (plural formicaria, diminutive formicariumpje n)

formicaria (plural)
formicariumpje (diminutive neuter)


steur

steur m (plural steuren, diminutive steurtje n)

steuren (plural)
steurtje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch store, from Old Dutch sturo, from Proto-West Germanic *sturjō, from Proto-Germanic *sturjô (“sturgeon”).
Cognates include Old High German sturio and Old English styria and more remotely Russian осётр (osjótr, “sturgeon”), Lithuanian eršketras.


duiker

duiker m (plural duikers, diminutive duikertje n, feminine duikster)

duikers (plural)
duikertje (diminutive neuter)
duikster (feminine)

desctree

Afrikaans: duiker
→ English: duiker
→ Irish: dícear

→ Papiamentu: deik

From Middle Dutch dukere. Equivalent to duiken (“to dive”) + -er.

a loon (N-Am) or diver (UK), waterbird of the order Gaviiformes

a duiker, antelope of the subfamily Cephalophinae


gerst

Afrikaans: gars
→ Xhosa: írhási

→ Papiamentu: gerst (dated)

From Middle Dutch gerste, from Old Dutch *gersta, from Proto-West Germanic *gerstu, from Proto-Germanic *gerstō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰersd-.
Cognate with Limburgish gaes, gaers, West Flemish gerst, Zealandic gêêste, gaste, Old Saxon gersta, Middle Low German gerste, German Low German Garste, Plautdietsch Joascht, Old Frisian *jerste, Saterland Frisian Jäärste, Jüste, West Frisian garst, Old English gorst, Middle English gorst, English gorse, Yola goss, Old High German gersta, Middle High German gerste, German Gerste, Alemannic German Geerste, Bavarian Geaschtn, Cimbrian ghéersta, Luxembourgish Geescht, Mòcheno gerst, Yiddish גערשט (gersht).
More distantly related to Latin hordeum, Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ), Armenian գարի (gari), Albanian drithë.

Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare#Translingual


rogge

Afrikaans: rog

Jersey Dutch: rôx

→ Papiamentu: rog (dated)

From Middle Dutch rogge, from Old Dutch *roggo, from Proto-West Germanic *roggō, from Proto-Germanic *ruggô, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís.
Cognate with Limburgish rogke, West Flemish rogge, Old Saxon roggo, Middle Low German rogge, Low German Rogg, Plautdietsch Rogg, Old High German rocko, Middle High German rocke, German Rocken, Mòcheno rocken, Old Frisian rogga, North Frisian Roog, Saterland Frisian Roage and West Frisian rogge. More distant Germanic cognates are Old English ryġe, Middle English rye, English rye, Scots rye, Yola ree, Old Norse rugr, Icelandic rúgur, Faroese rugur, Norwegian Bokmål rug, Swedish råg, Danish rug, Elfdalian rug, Scanian ruğ, Gutnish ryg.
More distantly related to Latvian rudzis, Lithuanian rugỹs, Old Prussian ruggis, Russian рожь (rožʹ), Old Church Slavonic ръжь (rŭžĭ), Czech rež, Polish reż.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale#Translingual


vlier

nl-noun

vlier c (plural vlieren, diminutive vliertje n)

vlieren (plural)
vliertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vlier

From Middle Dutch vlieder, from Old Dutch fliethar, from Proto-West Germanic *fleuþr.


brandnetel

brandnetel f (plural brandnetels, diminutive brandneteltje n)

brandnetels (plural)
brandneteltje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of branden (“to burn”) + netel (“nettle”).

nettle, stinging nettle (herb of the genus Urtica)


kweek

From Middle Dutch queke, from Old Dutch *kwika, from Proto-West Germanic *kwikwā, from Proto-Germanic *kwikwǭ. Compare German Quecke and English quitch.

Elymus repens
Elymus repens#Translingual

couch grass, quackgrass, quitch (Elymus repens syn. Elytrigia repens)


bruine rat

bruine rat f (plural bruine ratten, diminutive bruin ratje n)

bruine ratten (plural)
bruin ratje (diminutive neuter)

Rattus norvegicus
Rattus norvegicus#Translingual


platvis

platvis m (plural platvissen, diminutive platvisje n)

platvissen (plural)
platvisje (diminutive neuter)

Pladijs is een geliefde platvis.
Plaice is a popular flatfish.


taling

taling m (plural talingen, diminutive talinkje n)

talingen (plural)
talinkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch talinc, from Proto-Germanic *tailijaz, of unknown ultimate origin, with no cognates outside of Germanic. English teal is a cognate.

unk

unknown

De taling at mijn paling.

teal, one of certain small ducks of the genera Anas and Spatula


primaat

nl-noun

primaat m (plural primaten, diminutive primaatje n)

primaten (plural)
primaatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: primaat

primate, any member of the order Primates


kraak

kraak m (plural kraken, diminutive kraakje n)

kraken (plural)
kraakje (diminutive neuter)


lijster

lijster f (plural lijsters, diminutive lijstertje n)

lijsters (plural)
lijstertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: lijster (dated)

From Middle Dutch lijstre (“thrush”), from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-West Germanic *lī(h)strō, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *laikaną (“to move about”) or possibly related to Ancient Greek λιγύς (ligús, “shrill, piercing”). Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands suggests a borrowing from a substrate language because of the word's local range.

cog

a thrush, one of several species of songbirds of the family Turdidae


snijbiet

nl-noun

snijbiet c (plural snijbieten, diminutive snijbietje n)

snijbieten (plural)
snijbietje (diminutive neuter)


cobralelie

cobralelie f (plural cobralelies, diminutive cobralelietje n)

cobralelies (plural)
cobralelietje (diminutive neuter)

From cobra (“cobra”) + lelie (“lily”), because of the profile resemblance.

Arisaema nepenthoides, a Himalayan tuberous plant also often called cobra lily


uilskuiken

uilskuiken n (plural uilskuikens, diminutive uilskuikentje n)

uilskuikens (plural)
uilskuikentje (diminutive neuter)


kuiken

kuiken n (plural kuikens, diminutive kuikentje n)

kuikens (plural)
kuikentje (diminutive neuter)

Jersey Dutch: kääukötśe (from the diminutive)

desc

Negerhollands: kikentje, kikkentje, kikintśi, kikinsji (from the diminutive)

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kinkinsti (dated)

From Middle Dutch kuken, kiken, from Old Dutch *kiukīn, originally from Proto-West Germanic *kiukīn.

chick, the hatched young of a bird, especially fowl


lelie

nl-noun

lelie f (plural lelies or leliën, diminutive lelietje n)

lelies (plural)
leliën (plural)
lelietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: leli

From Middle Dutch lilie, lēlie, from Old Dutch līlia, lilia, from Late Latin līlia, the plural of Latin līlium that was reinterpreted as a singular form.

(heraldry) a fleur-de-lis, although botanically an iris


kafferlelie

kafferlelie f (plural kafferlelies, diminutive kafferlelietje n)

kafferlelies (plural)
kafferlelietje (diminutive neuter)

the river lily, Hesperantha coccinea syn. Schizostylis coccinea


parelhoen

parelhoen n (plural parelhoenders, diminutive parelhoentje n)

parelhoenders (plural)
parelhoentje (diminutive neuter)

From parel (“pearl(y)”) + hoen (“fowl”), so called after its white-dotted plumage.

a guinea fowl, any fowl of the family Numididae


pladijs

pladijs f (plural pladijzen, diminutive pladijsje n)

pladijzen (plural)
pladijsje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch pladijs, from Old French pladisse, plaïse, plaise, from Latin platessa. Cognate with German Platteis, English plaice.

Pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa#Translingual

(zoology) the plaice, the large marine flatfish, Pleuronectes platessa


doffer

doffer m (plural doffers, diminutive doffertje n, feminine duif or duivin)

doffers (plural)
doffertje (diminutive neuter)
duif (feminine)
duivin (feminine)

From Middle Dutch duvers, duve (“dove, pigeon”).


ruigpootuil

ruigpootuil m or f (plural ruigpootuilen, diminutive ruigpootuiltje n)

ruigpootuilen (plural)
ruigpootuiltje (diminutive neuter)

Aegolius funereus
Aegolius funereus#Translingual

boreal owl (US, Canada), Tengmalm's owl, Aegolius funereus


ezelsveulen

ezelsveulen n (plural ezelsveulens, diminutive ezelsveulentje n)

ezelsveulens (plural)
ezelsveulentje (diminutive neuter)

From ezel (“donkey, ass”) + -s- (genitive interfix) + veulen (“foal”).

af

(literally) the foal (equine young) of a donkey


hengstveulen

nl-noun

hengstveulen n (plural hengstveulens, diminutive hengstveulentje n)

hengstveulens (plural)
hengstveulentje (diminutive neuter)


bosuil

bosuil m or f (plural bosuilen, diminutive bosuiltje n)

bosuilen (plural)
bosuiltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch boschule. Equivalent to bos (“forest”) + uil (“owl”).


zwarte specht

zwarte specht m (plural zwarte spechten, diminutive zwart spechtje n)

zwarte spechten (plural)
zwart spechtje (diminutive neuter)

2015, Willem van Manen, "De zwarte specht", Caspar Janssen, In de ban van het beest. Nederlandse dieren door de ogen van hun kenners.
De aanleiding om nestonderzoek te doen bij zwarte spechten was dat ik begon te twijfelen aan de hoge aantallen die overal werden geteld, ook door mijzelf.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Dryocopus martius
Dryocopus martius#Translingual


naaldboom

naaldboom m (plural naaldbomen, diminutive naaldboompje n)

naaldbomen (plural)
naaldboompje (diminutive neuter)

→ West Frisian: nullebeam (calque)

From naald + boom, calque of German Nadelbaum.

a conifer, tree of the order Coniferales


veulen

veulen n (plural veulens, diminutive veulentje n)

veulens (plural)
veulentje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch volen, from Old Dutch *folīn, from Proto-Germanic *fulīną, from *fulô, cognate with English foal, German Fohlen.

a foal, the young of any equine and some other quadrupeds, either colt (male) or filly (female); unless specified, usually a horse's

(figuratively) a young person, especially behaving naively; fool


ganzerik

ganzerik m (plural ganzeriken, diminutive ganzerikje n)

ganzeriken (plural)
ganzerikje (diminutive neuter)

A calque from early modern German Gänserich.


ganzerik

ganzerik m or f (plural ganzeriken, diminutive ganzerikje n)

From early modern Dutch ganserick. Cognates include Middle Low German grensink, Old High German grensing, apparently indicating a relation to Old High German grans (“beak, bill”). For the suffix, compare herik, dravik, wederik, bolderik, dolik, murik.

(botany) a cinquefoil, potentilla; any plant of the genus Potentilla


blauwe zeedistel

blauwe zeedistel m or f (plural blauwe zeedistels, diminutive blauw zeedisteltje n)

blauwe zeedistels (plural)
blauw zeedisteltje (diminutive neuter)

Literally, “blue sea thistle”; the plant grows in the dunes near the sea.

Eryngium maritimum
Eryngium maritimum#Translingual


zeekat

zeekat f (plural zeekatten, diminutive zeekatje n)

zeekatten (plural)
zeekatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seekat

a cuttlefish, a 10-armed predatory marine mollusc


monniksgier

monniksgier m (plural monniksgieren, diminutive monniksgiertje n)

monniksgieren (plural)
monniksgiertje (diminutive neuter)

From monnik (“monk”) + -s- + gier (“vulture”).

affix

Aegypius monachus
Aegypius monachus#Translingual

the cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus


zijdevlinder

nl-noun

zijdevlinder m (plural zijdevlinders, diminutive zijdevlindertje n)

zijdevlinders (plural)
zijdevlindertje (diminutive neuter)

domestic silkmoth, Bombyx mori; the butterfly species commonly used for silk production


alikruik

alikruik f (plural alikruiken, diminutive alikruikje n)

alikruiken (plural)
alikruikje (diminutive neuter)

periwinkle, any mollusk of the genus Littorina


heilbot

heilbot m (plural heilbotten, diminutive heilbotje n)

heilbotten (plural)
heilbotje (diminutive neuter)

→ French: elbot (dialectal)

From Middle Dutch heilbot. Equivalent to heil + bot.

halibut, the largest flatfish species of marine genus Hippoglossus


bakbanaan

bakbanaan f or m (plural bakbananen, diminutive bakbanaantje n)

bakbananen (plural)
bakbanaantje (diminutive neuter)

(botany) plantain, fruit of the genus Musa that is used in cooking


meiklokje

Convallaria majalis
Convallaria majalis#Translingual

lily of the valley, the spring-flowering plant Convallaria majalis, or its flower


lelietje-van-dalen

lelietje-van-dalen n (plural lelietjes-van-dalen)

Calque of Latin līlium and translingual Convallaria. Literally, “little lily of [the] dales”.

lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis)


venkel

venkel f (plural venkels, diminutive venkeltje n)

venkels (plural)
venkeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vinkel

From Middle Dutch venkel, older venekel, from Latin fēnuculum. Compare German Fenchel.

Foeniculum vulgare
Foeniculum vulgare#Translingual


andijvie

andijvie f or m (plural andijvies, diminutive andijvietje n)

andijvies (plural)
andijvietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: andyvie

→ Indonesian: andéwi

→ Papiamentu: andijvie, andijvi

→ Sundanese: ᮃᮔ᮪ᮓᮦᮝᮤ (andéwi)

From Middle Dutch endivie, from Old French endive, from Medieval Latin endivia, from Late Latin intibus, from Byzantine Greek ἔντυβον (éntubon). Ultimately of uncertain origin, indeed perhaps Ancient Greek Τῦβι (Tûbi, “the month of Tybi, roughly January”) from Egyptian tꜣ-ꜥꜣbt (“the month of Tybi”).

der

Cichorium endivia
Cichorium endivia#Translingual

endive, Cichorium endivia (salad vegetable)


krokus

nl-noun

krokus f (plural krokussen, diminutive krokusje n)

krokussen (plural)
krokusje (diminutive neuter)

Learned borrowing from Latin crocus, from Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos), from a Semitic language.

(botany) crocus, bulb plant of genus Crocus


paasbloem

paasbloem f (plural paasbloemen, diminutive paasbloempje n)

paasbloemen (plural)
paasbloempje (diminutive neuter)

From Pasen (“Easter (its approximative flowering time)”) + bloem (“flower”).

compound

a daffodil, a bulbaceous flowering plant of the genus Narcissus


braam

nl-noun

braam f (plural bramen, diminutive braampje n)

bramen (plural)
braampje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch brame, from Old Dutch *brāmo, from Proto-West Germanic *brāmijō, from *brām + *-jō.

Rubus fruticosus
Rubus fruticosus#Translingual

a bramble, a common blackberry shrub, Rubus fruticosus


raket

raket f (plural raketten, diminutive raketje n)

raketten (plural)
raketje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Middle French roquette, from Italian ruchetta, diminutive of ruca, from Latin eruca. Cognate to English arugula and rocket. Doublet of rucola.

Russische raket


blauwalg

blauwalg f (plural blauwalgen, diminutive blauwalgje n)

blauwalgen (plural)
blauwalgje (diminutive neuter)

blue-green alga, member of the Cyanobacteria


rendiermos

From rendier (“reindeer”) + mos (“moss, lichen”).

compound

any of various lichens of genus Cladonia


dadel

nl-noun

dadel f or m (plural dadels, diminutive dadeltje n)

dadels (plural)
dadeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch dadele. Ultimately from Latin dactylus, from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos), with the sense “date” probably deriving from a Semitic language.

Ik eet elke dag een dadel voor energie.

Deze doos bevat vijftig dadels.

Het dadeltje was zoet en sappig.


dadel

dadel m (plural dadels, diminutive dadeltje n)

→ Papiamentu: dader

De dadel groeit goed in woestijnklimaten.

The date palm thrives well in desert climates.

De oase was omringd door dadels.

Dat kleine dadeltje zal snel groeien.

That little date palm will grow quickly.


baars

baars m (plural baarzen, diminutive baarsje n)

baarzen (plural)
baarsje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: bèrs, bérs

From Middle Dutch bars, baers, from Old Dutch *bars, from Proto-Germanic *barsaz.

Perca fluviatilis
Perca fluviatilis#Translingual

(particularly) the Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis


merrie

merrie f (plural merries, diminutive merrietje n, masculine hengst)

merries (plural)
merrietje (diminutive neuter)
hengst (masculine)

Afrikaans: merrie

Negerhollands: merri, mėri

From Middle Dutch merrie, from Old Dutch *meria (compare Old High German meriha), from Proto-Germanic *marhijō. Cognate with West Frisian merje, German Mähre, English mare.

nachtmerrie

not related, but connected through folk etymology


sprinkhaan

sprinkhaan m (plural sprinkhanen, diminutive sprinkhaantje n)

sprinkhanen (plural)
sprinkhaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sprinkaan

Berbice Creole Dutch: springhan

Jersey Dutch: spränghân, spränghântśe (from the diminutive)

Negerhollands: springhaen

From springen (“to jump”) + haan (“cock”).

locust, grasshopper, insect of the suborder Caelifera or infraorder Acrididea


zeetong

zeetong f (plural zeetongen, diminutive zeetongetje n)

zeetongen (plural)
zeetongetje (diminutive neuter)

From zee (“sea”) + tong (“tongue”). Compare German Seezunge, Swedish sjötunga, Danish søtunge.

sole, Solea solea, a sought-after marine fish species


kreeft

kreeft f (plural kreeften, diminutive kreeftje n)

kreeften (plural)
kreeftje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kreef

Negerhollands: kreeft, greef

→ Papiamentu: kref, kreeft

From Middle Dutch crevet, creeft, from Old Dutch *krevit, from Proto-West Germanic *krabit, from Proto-Germanic *krabitaz. Akin to German Krebs and Swedish kräfta.

lobster, crayfish, used of certain members of the Pleocyemata


schorpioen

schorpioen m (plural schorpioenen, diminutive schorpioentje n)

schorpioenen (plural)
schorpioentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skerpioen

→ Papiamentu: skorpioen, schorpioen (dated)

From Middle Dutch scorpioen, from Old French scorpion, from Latin scorpiō, from Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos).

a European mole cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)

European mole cricket
European mole cricket


zeeleeuw

zeeleeuw m (plural zeeleeuwen, diminutive zeeleeuwtje n)

zeeleeuwen (plural)
zeeleeuwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seeleeu

Compound of zee (“sea”) + leeuw (“lion”) (as the male appears maned).

the sea lion, a seal species, member of the Otariidae family


zeug

zeug f (plural zeugen, diminutive zeugje n)

zeugen (plural)
zeugje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sog

From Middle Dutch soge, suege, from Old Dutch *soga, from Proto-West Germanic *sugu. The regular form in Middle Dutch was soge with a back vowel, with fronted suege occurring only in the western dialects. The original form is still found dialectally as zoog.


oorworm

oorworm m (plural oorwormen, diminutive oorwormpje n)

oorwormen (plural)
oorwormpje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of oor (“ear”) + worm (“worm, critter”).


zeehond

zeehond m (plural zeehonden, diminutive zeehondje n)

zeehonden (plural)
zeehondje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seehond

→ Indonesian: anjing laut (calque)

From Middle Dutch seehont. By surface analysis, zee (“sea”) + hond (“hound, dog”).
Middle Dutch seehont, is possibly an alteration of seelhont (literally “seal-hound, seal-dog”), from seel (“seal”), from Proto-Germanic *selhaz. Compare Low German Saalhund (“seal”).


moerbei

nl-noun

moerbei f (plural moerbeien, diminutive moerbeitje n)

moerbeien (plural)
moerbeitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: moerbei

→ Indonesian: murbei

→ Malay: murbei

→ West Frisian: moerbei

From Middle Dutch moerbeye, from Old Dutch *mōrberi, from Proto-West Germanic *mōrubaʀi.

the mulberry tree, which bears this fruit (of genus Morus)


granaatappel

granaatappel m (plural granaatappels or granaatappelen, diminutive granaatappeltje n or granaatappelke n)

granaatappels (plural)
granaatappelen (plural)
granaatappeltje (diminutive neuter)
granaatappelke (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: granaatappel

→ Papiamentu: granatapel

From Middle Dutch garnate-appel, also in phrases like appelen van gernaten. A partial loan-translation of Old French pume grenate, also found as simply grenate. Equivalent to granaat + appel. See granaat for more.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual

the plant Punica granatum, which produces it


kerstster

kerstster f (plural kerststerren, diminutive kerststerretje n)

kerststerren (plural)
kerststerretje (diminutive neuter)

Euphorbia pulcherrima
Euphorbia pulcherrima#Translingual

(botany) poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Christmas star


bloedzuiger

bloedzuiger m (plural bloedzuigers, diminutive bloedzuigertje n)

bloedzuigers (plural)
bloedzuigertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch bloetsuger. Equivalent to bloed (“blood”) + zuiger (“sucker”). Cognate to Icelandic blóðsuga (“leech”).

(zoology) a leech, blood-sucking annelid


pistache

pistache c (plural pistaches, diminutive pistachetje n)

pistaches (plural)
pistachetje (diminutive neuter)

From French pistache, from Latin pistacium, from Ancient Greek πιστάκιον (pistákion).

Pistacia vera
Pistacia vera#Translingual

Twee bollen vanille en één pistache, graag

Two scoops vanilla and one pistaccio, please

the fruit's taste, also as a flavor, notably of ice cream


slee

slee m (plural sleeën, diminutive sleetje n)

sleeën (plural)
sleetje (diminutive neuter)

From Proto-Germanic *slaihǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”); cognate to English sloe, and perhaps with Russian сли́ва (slíva, “plum”).

Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa#Translingual


slee

nl-adj

slee (comparative sleeër, superlative sleest)

sleeër (comparative)
sleest (superlative)
slee (adverbial positive predicative)
sleeër (adverbial comparative predicative)
het sleest (adverbial predicative superlative)
het sleeste (adverbial predicative superlative)
sleeë (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
sleeëre (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
sleeste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
slee (indefinite neuter positive singular)
sleeër (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
sleeste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
sleeë (indefinite plural positive)
sleeëre (comparative indefinite plural)
sleeste (indefinite plural superlative)
sleeë (definite positive)
sleeëre (comparative definite)
sleeste (definite superlative)
slees (partitive positive)
sleeërs (comparative partitive)

From Middle Dutch slêeu, from Proto-Germanic *slaiwaz. Cognate with obsolete German schleh, English slow, Swedish slö.


bruinvis

nl-noun

bruinvis m (plural bruinvissen, diminutive bruinvisje n)

bruinvissen (plural)
bruinvisje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch bruunvisch. Equivalent to bruin (“brown”) + vis (“fish”). Compare West Frisian brúnfisk.

any porpoise, marine mammal of the family Phocoenidae (certain small cetacean)

Phocoena phocoena
Phocoena phocoena#Translingual


karper

karper m (plural karpers, diminutive karpertje n)

karpers (plural)
karpertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: karp

→ West Frisian: karper

→ Indonesian: karper

Unknown. Possibly from Vulgar Latin carpa; cognates include English carp, French carpe, Russian карп (karp), Serbo-Croatian krȁp / kárpa, Italian carpione.

by extension, any of various, related freshwater fish species of the family Cyprinidae