ad

Norwegian Bokmål: ad

From Old Danish at, from Old Norse at, from Proto-Germanic *at.


i

From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Tre i femte.

Three to the power of five. (short for tre i femte potens, three in fifth power). [note that the exponent is in the ordinal form]

Jeg har boet her i tre år.

Han fyldte seks år i mandags.

Used to indicate a past time or period when something took place.

Pigen går i gymnasiet og er 17 år

The girl goes to high school and is 17 years old.

Used to indicate regular presence in a location.

Fem minutter i tolv.

Used in conjunction with time to indicate a number of minutes before a full hour.

Tre gange i timen.

Used when indicating that something is happening or repeated a number of times within each time period .

Professor i fysik

Indicates affiliation with a profession.


for

From Old Danish for, from Proto-Germanic *furai (in Western Old Norse replaced by the variant Old Norse fyrr, from Proto-Germanic *furiz, *furi, = Danish before).


om

From Old Norse um, from Proto-Germanic *umbi. Cognate with German um (“about”).

Han viklede dem om sin lillefinger.
He wrapped them around his pinky finger.


bag

From Old Norse bak n (“back”), from Proto-Germanic *baką, cognate with Norwegian bak, Swedish bak, English back. The preposition is a shortening of Old Norse á bak (“on the back of”), compare English back from aback, from Old English onbæc.


via

Familien kørte til Aalborg via Aarhus.
The family drove to Aalborg via Aarhus.

Bestillingen kan betales via smartphone

The order can be paid for via smartphone


per

Motoren roterer 1000 gange per minut.

The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.


over

Skyer hænger over byen.

Klokken er fjorten minutter over sytten.


under

From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under, cognate with English under, German unter.


fra

From Old Norse frá, from Proto-Germanic *fram. Cognate with English from, Swedish från, Norwegian Bokmål fra, Norwegian Nynorsk frå, Faroese frá, Icelandic frá.


å

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, onto”). Cognate with Swedish å, English on, and German on.


mod

From Old Norse í mót, i.e. the preposition í (“in”) + the noun mót (“meeting”) (compare i møde), from Proto-Germanic *mōtą, cognate with English moot.

Dette tog kører mod Vanløse.
This train goes towards Vanløse.

Peg mod det sted, hvor lyden kommer fra.

Point towards the place the sound is coming from.

toward, towards; to (physical motion, direction)

Hun stillede sig med ansigtet mod havet.

She stood facing [or with her face towards] the sea.

Værelset vender ud mod gaden.

toward, towards; to (physical orientation, facing)

Han er godt på vej mod de 40 år.

He's well on his way towards 40 years old.

mod slutningen af aftenen

De sigter mod at skabe 10.000 nye job.

They're aiming to create [or toward(s) creating] 10,000 new jobs.

Aktiekursen faldt med hen mod 20 procent.

The share price fell by close to 20 percent.

almost, nearly, close to (in terms of quantity)

Man må nogle gange svømme mod strømmen.

One must sometimes swim against the current.

Intet sejlskib kan sejle lige mod vinden.

No sailing ship can sail directly against [or into] the wind.

against; into (in the opposite physical direction of)

Han lagde øret mod døren og lyttede.

He put his ear against [or to] the door and listened.

Bilen kørte mod muren.

The car crashed into [or against] the wall.

Skibet støder mod isbjerget.

The ship collided with [or against] the iceberg.

against, into, with (forceful collision)

USA har aldrig formelt erklæret krig mod Irak.

The US never formally declared war against [or on] Iraq.

Gårsdagens tenniskamp var Federer mod Nadal.
Yesterday's tennis match was Federer versus Nadal.

against, versus; on (having as an opponent)

mod reglerne

mod sin vilje

against (in constrast to; inconsistent with; contradicting)

Hans vrede var rettet mod præsidenten.

His anger was directed at [or against or toward(s)] the president.

Bogserien sigter mod unge voksne.

The book series is aimed at [or toward(s)] young adults.

at; toward, towards; against (a recipient or target)

Hun har altid været venlig mod mig.

She has always been friendly to(ward(s)) me.

I dag var han meget utålmodig mod mig.

to; toward, towards; with (as an attitude or behavior)

beviser mod sagsøgte

Hvordan kunne du gøre sådan en forfærdelig ting mod mig?

How could you do such a horrible thing to me?

at skærme sig mod vinden

to shield oneself from [or against] the wind

et værn for at beskytte mod onde ånder

a ward to protect from [or against] evil spirits

Han tog piller mod smerterne.

for (e.g., as a treatment, cure, or prophylaxis)

Slutresultatet blev 33 mod 17.

Fordele og ulemper skal vejes op mod hinanden.

Advantages and disadvantages must be weighed against each other.

Hvad ville du gerne have mod din hjælp?

What would you like in return for your help?

in return for; in exchange for; as compensation for

i silhuet mod himlen

against (as foreground re: a background)


ned

From Old Norse niðr, from Proto-Germanic *niþer, from Proto-Indo-European *niter. Cognates include Faroese and Icelandic niður, English nether, Dutch neder, German nieder.


på

Rebracketing of older oppå, from Old Norse upp + á, compare English 'pon from upon. The preposition å (“on”) is still used in some Jutlandic dialects in the same sense.


efter

From Old Norse eptir, from Proto-Norse ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after), from Proto-Germanic *aftiri (“more aft, further behind”), *after. Related to Norwegian Bokmål etter, Swedish efter, and English after.


til

From Old Norse til, from Proto-Germanic *tilą (“goal”), cognate with Swedish till (“to”), English till, German Ziel n (“goal”). The preposition has arisen from an adverbial use of the noun, lit. "(with) the goal of something". In Old Norse, the preposition governs the genitive, a usage which is preserved in certain fixed phrases in Danish.

which is either 1) an old genitive plural

2) an old genitive singular in a different declension

analogically after other case relict phrases:

to, towards (the direction or goal of a physical movement)

Fra 12 til 18 år.

Jeg har en gave til dig.

Beklager, jeg er kun til kvinder.

Er du til analsex?

into, interested in (especially sexually)

De var samlet hele familien til jul.

The whole family was gathered at Christmas.

at (at a certain point in time, with certain nouns)

Den er færdig til (på) torsdag.

De drak vin til maden

They were drinking wine with their food.

(together) with (e.g., accompanying food)

Jacob Enevoldsen Seefeld til Visborg og Sostrup
Jacob Enevoldsen [lit. Enevold’s-son] Seefeld of Visborg and Sostrup

nobiliary particle
nobiliary particle#English

(in personal names) of (a nobiliary particle denoting residence)


af

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab. Related to English of, off and German ab.

the active part, originator: En roman af Hemingway

indicating connection: Ejeren af huset

in descriptions: En mand af format - A man of stature; Et hus lavet af træ - A house made of wood

part of: ni ud af ti

of origin: Jeg hørte det af ham

away from: Jeg faldt af cyklen

caused by: grøn af misundelse

motivated by: Han gjorde det af nysgerrighed


hos

Originally an unstressed form of hus (“house”) undergoing a development in meaning from "at someone's house" to "with someone" – analogous to the development of Latin casa (“house”) to French chez (“at (the house of)”). Displaced Old Norse hjá.

Vi var på besøg hos Ahmad.

Jeg sov hos en veninde.

Maalet er hos Kierkegaard som hos Hegel et selvbevidst Liv, der af begge kaldes Aand, ...

1877, Fredrik Petersen, Dr. Søren Kierkegaards Christendomsforkyndelse, page 544:

The goal, according to Kierkegaard is, as according to Hegel, a self-conscious life, which both of them call spirit/spirituality, ...

Muligheden for at vælge forkert er hos Hegel til stede.

2001, Sundhedsplejerske-institutionens dannelse: en kulturteoretisk og kulturhistorisk analyse af velfaerdsstatens embedsvaerk, Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, page 132:

The possibility of choosing wrong is present in the view that Hegel expresses.

Etik er derfor hos Foucault noget andet end moral, der er det filosofiske studium af gode, rigtige handlinger.

2015, Svend Brinkmann, Identitet, Klim, →ISBN:

In Foucault's writings, ethics is therefore different from morality, which is the philosophical study of good, right actions.

in X's view; as X expresses it in their writings


nær

head

nær (comparative nærmere, superlative nærmest)

nærmere (comparative)
nærmest (superlative)

From Old Norse nær, comparative form of ná (“near”).


ved

From Old Norse við, from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). Cognate with Swedish vid, English with, and German wider (“against”).

in case of, in the event of (used with the conditional)


forbi

Bussen kører forbi Tivoli.

Near or next to. Will stop at or be near something

Jeg kommer forbi dig senere


før

From Old Norse fyrr, from Proto-Germanic *furi, *furiz (“for, before”). Cognates include Swedish före, för, English for, and German für. A different form of the same word, Proto-Germanic *furai, is found in Danish for and German vor.


angående

Compare Swedish angående, Norwegian angående and Dutch aangaande.


pga.

Abbreviation of på grund af (“because of”).


siden

From Old Danish sithæn, from Old Norse síðan, from síð- + *-þan. Compare Swedish sedan, Old English siþþan, and — indirectly — with English since and Dutch sinds.


t.o.m.

Abbreviation of til og med (“up to and including”).


omkring

From om + Old Norse krinkr (“ring, round”), from Old Norse umkring, from Proto-Germanic *kringaz.

Det bor mange her omkring.


gennem

From Old Norse gegnum, dative of the adjective gegn (“right, fitting”), derived from the preposition gegn (“against”), from Proto-Germanic *gagin (“towards”). Compare also Danish igen, English again, against, German gegen, entgegen.

through (in space, from one side to the other)

through (in space, from the outside, through an opening or through a barrier)

through, during (in time, from the beginning to the end)

by means of, through, by (using as an instrument)


uden

Old Norse útan, from Proto-Germanic *ūtanē

En jockey uden hest der disker op med nyt fra USA: soul, reggae, eller pop.

A jockey without a horse dishes it up with news from the USA: soul, reggae or pop.

Af det hele Overhoved fandt han intet uden nogle hvide tynde Smuler af Hovedskallen, næsten som Æggeskal, og Tænder faldne af Overmunden, hvilke vare i Behold.

1815, Erich Christian Werlauff, Bemærkninger over folkesagnene om en nordisk kæmpeslægt i oldtiden, page 18:

Of the entire upper head he found nothing save some white thin scraps of the cranium, almost like egg-shell, and teeth fallen off the upper mouth which were intact.


undtagen

Past participle common gender of undtage (“to except”). Compare Norwegian Bokmål unntagen, unntatt and Swedish undantagen.

[ˈɔnˈtˢæjˀən]

[ˈɔnˌtˢæjˀən]


på grund af

[pʰɔˈɡ̊ʁɔnˀa]

From på (“on”) + grund (“ground, reason”) + af (“of”).


blandt andet

Compare to Swedish bland annat and Norwegian blant annet.

Hun solgte blandt andet sit tv.

She sold her TV set, among other things.

among other things, including, interalia


imellem

From Old Norse (í) millum. Compare Faroese ímillum.


inden

Når man kommer fra Århus, ligger huset lige inden Ålborg.
When coming from Århus, the house is located just before Ålborg.


trods

From German trotz, from the noun Trotz (“defiance”).


nedenfor

/ˈneːðənˌfʌ/

Continuing Middle Danish næthenfor, from Old Danish næthæn foræ. Equivalent to neden + for. Compare forneden and nedfor.

below, beneath, under, underneath (in, to, or into a lower place or position than)

aneath, at the foot of, beneath, neath, sub (at the bottom or lower part of)


m/

Most probably adapted from German m/, abbreviating mit (“with”), rather than the other way around.


vedrørende

[ˈʋeðˌʁɶˀɐnə]

[ˈʋeðˌʁɶɐ̯ˀnə]


på gr. af

(rare) Abbreviation of på grund af (“because of”).


jævnfør

[ˈjɛwnˌføˀɐ̯]


hen ad

year unknown, Niels Blædel, Nordens fugle i farver, i syv bind: bd. Fra rovfugle til andefugle
Hvis ungerne forstyrres, flygter de løbende hen ad vandoverfladen ud mod åbent vand.


i tillæg til

På Svalbard havde præsten, i tillæg til sit kirkeembede, også funktionen som lærer.

2003, Miljøundervisning i Arktis., Nordic Council of Ministers, →ISBN, page 64:

On Svalbard, the priest, in addition to his ecclesiastical office, also served as teacher.

... 'ting', som i tillæg til deres eventuelle brugsværdi har en iboende værdi.

2009, Jørgen Husted, Etik og værdier i socialt arbejde, Hans Reitzels Forlag, →ISBN, page 93:

... "things" which, in addition to any useful value, have inherent value.

Det anbefales, at de større virksomheder i tillæg til det lovbestemte formål formulerer egne mål med arbejdspladsvurderingen.

1997, Rapport 1: Arbejdsmiljøstyring i Norden, Nordic Council of Ministers, →ISBN, page 41:


henimod

Vi skal arbejde henimod en fælles målsætning.

We must work towards a common objective.


uagtet

[ˈuˌɑɡ̊d̥əð]

After German ungeachtet, from un- + geachtet (“respected”), a past participle of achten (“to respect”), which has also been borrowed to Danish (agte).


hinsides

From hin (“that”) + side (“side”). Calque of German jenseits.


på grund af at

[pʰɔˈɡ̊ʁɔnˀæˀa]

From på grund af (“because of”) + at (“that”).

Da Ministeriet i 1870 gik af for en tilfældig Afstemning i Folketinget om et underordnet Spørgsmaal, var det mere paa Grund af, at det var træt af Dage, end fordi det manglede den tilstrækkelige Støtte i Rigsdagen.

1882, H. Wulf, Den danske Rigsdag, page 393:

When the ministry stepped down in 1870 after some random vote on an unimportant question, it was more because it was tired than because it lacked the necessary support in both houses

... men i praksis er der ofte vanskeligheder, især på grund af at lagserien kan være forstyrret (forkastninger, gletchere mv.).

2005, Peter K. A. Jensen, Menneskets oprindelse og udvikling, page 391:

... but in practice, there are often difficulties, especially because the series of layers may be disturbed (faults, glaciers etc.).


til og med

Adgangskravene til kvalifikationsturneringen er for så vidt de samme som ved hovedturneringen: Til og med nummer 230 på verdensranglisten får direkte adgang, mens ni wild cards bliver uddelt til de heldige.

2010, Anders Haahr Rasmussen, Én bold ad gangen: Wozniacki, US Open 2009, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN, page 41:

The access requirements for the qualification tournament are, essentially, the same as by the main tournament: Up to and including number 230 on the world ranklist are immediately admitted, while nine wild cards are distributed to lucky persons.

Dette gælder således for mønter præget under kongerne fra Svend Estridsen til og med Erik Lam.

2010, Gitte Tarnow Ingvardson, Montbrug: Fra vikingetid til vendertogter, ISD LLC, →ISBN:

This thus holds for coins pressed during the [reign of the] kings from Sweyn II up to and including Erik III.


bagom

bag (“back”) + om (“of”). Cognate with Swedish bakom.