Luxembourg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


San Marino

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Ottawa

Ottawa (a city in Illinois, United States)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


Stockholm

[ˈsd̥ʌˌkʰʌlˀm]


London

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Paris

From Old French Paris, from Latin Lutetia Parīsiōrum.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Edinburgh

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Barcelona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Tokyo

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Seoul

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Berlin

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


New York

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States)


Skopje

Romanization of Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Leningrad

(historical) Leningrad (a major city in Russia), now Saint Petersburg


Napoli

Borrowed from Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”).

Naples (a province and city in Campania, Italy)


Bratislava

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Zürich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Bern

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton)


Genova

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)


Milano

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


Torino

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)


Mexico City

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Washington

Washington (a city in the United States)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Istanbul

From Turkish İstanbul, from Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “in the City”).

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν


Köln

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Moskva

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Rabat

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Hongkong

Hong Kong (a city, island, and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Warszawa

Unadapted borrowing from Polish Warszawa, from Old Polish. See there for more.

unadapted borrowing

Warszawa er hovedstaden i Polen.


Vatikanstaten

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Tromsø

Troms og Finnmark
Troms og Finnmark#English

Tromsø (a city and municipality of Troms og Finnmark, Norway)


København

Norwegian Bokmål: Køpenhavn, Kjøpenhavn

→ Faroese: Keypmannahavn

desc

→ Icelandic: Kaupmannahöfn, Kaupinhafn, Köben

→ Low German: Kopenhagen

→ English: Copenhagen

→ French: Copenhague

→ German: Kopenhagen

→ Romanian: Copenhaga

→ Italian: Copenaghen

→ Russian: Копенгаген (Kopengagen)

→ Spanish: Copenhague

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Kjøpenhamn, Kaupenhamn

→ Old Swedish: *Kø̄pmanhafn, *Kø̄pmanhamn

→ Swedish: Köpenhamn

→ Finnish: Kööpenhamina

From Old Danish Køpmannæhafn, equivalent to modern Danish købmænds havn (“chapmen's haven, merchants' harbor”). Compare Icelandic Kaupmannahöfn.

cog

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Antwerpen

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Aarhus

From Old Danish Arus, from Old Norse Áróss, a compound of á (“river”) + óss (“mouth”). The first part of the word is an old genitive of Danish å (“small river”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water”), related to Latin aqua (“water”)). The latter part is a (now obsolete) word for "river mouth", os (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₃(o)s (“mouth”), related to Latin os (“mouth”)). The name has been assimilated to the word hus (“house”).


Aalborg

Ålborg

Aalborg (the capital city of North Jutland, Denmark)


Prag

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Islamabad

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


Dortmund

Dortmund (a major city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Athen

Via German Athen and Latin Athēnae from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι pl (Athênai).


Bukarest

Bukarest er hovedstaden i Rumænien.

Bucharest is the capital of Romania.


Haag

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Hamborg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)


Gøteborg

/ˌɡøːtəˈbɔrɡ/

[ˌɡ̊øːd̥əˈb̥ɒwˀ]


München

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Venedig

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)


Washington D.C.

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Randers

Randers, a port on the River Guden. The second-largest city in Region Midtjylland and sixth-largest city in Denmark.


Vejle

Vejle, a port on Vejle Fjord. The fourth-largest city in Region Syddanmark and ninth-largest city in Denmark.


Roskilde

Equivalent to Ro (“male name”) + -s- + kilde (“spring”).
From Old Danish Róiskelda, from Old Norse Hróiskelda, from Hrói (“male name”) + kelda (“spring”).
Compare Medieval Latin Roskildia (attested c. 1200 in Gesta Danorum) and the Old Icelandic Hróarskelda (in which Hrói has been interpreted as the more common name Hróarr).
The name is traditionally associated with the semi-legendary King Roar, but Roar (Hróarr) is not the same name as Ro (Hrói).

compound

Roskilde (a city and municipality in central Zealand, Denmark). The largest city in Region Sjælland, tenth-largest city in Denmark, and the country's former capital.


Odense

Originally Odins vi ("shrine of Odin"), whence also Vojens (a town in Southern Jutland). Compare Old Norse Óðinn and vé (“temple, sanctuary”). The surrounding area was known as a sanctuary for worshippers of Odin. (See Odense on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

Odense (third-largest city in Denmark) and largest city in Region Syddanmark.


Horsens

Horsens (a city and municipality in eastern Jutland, Denmark)


Esbjerg

[ˈɛsb̥jæɐ̯ˀ]

Southern Denmark
Southern Denmark#English

Esbjerg (a port city, the seat of Esbjerg municipality, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark, on the North Sea)

Esbjerg (a municipality of the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark)


Malmø

From Middle Danish Malmoghe or Malmhauge (literally “Ore Hill”), a compound equivalent to present-day malm (“ore”) + høj (“hill”); both elements are of Old Norse, earlier Proto-Germanic, and ultimately Proto-Indo-European origin.


Jeriko

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Miklagård

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Miklagarðr (literally “the large city”), from mikill and garðr. Compare megen and gård, -gård.

lbor

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Byzantium, Constantinople (a city in Turkey; ancient capital of the Byzantine Empire; modern Istanbul)


Godthåb

[ˈɡ̊ʌd̥ˌhɔːˀb̥]

(now rare) Nuuk (the capital city of Greenland)


Trondhjem

From earlier Throndhiem, Thrunthiem, Thronhiem or Thrandhiem, Danicisations of Old Norse Þróndheimr and Norwegian Trandem, Tran(n)em or Trandheim during the union between Norway and Denmark where the Danish written language was used. Þróndheimr itself started out as a name of the region Trøndelag, but later become synonymous with the city Niðaróss, whence also the current name Trondheim.

Trondheim (a city and municipality in southern Trøndelag county, central Norway)


Rødovre

From rød (“red”) + Ovre (from Old Danish awartha (“river brink”)).


Jorvig

Semi-learned borrowing from Old Norse Jórvík.

slbor

(historical) York (a city and unitary authority in modern North Yorkshire, England)


Meglegård

Semi-learned borrowing from Old Norse Miklagarðr, from mikill (“big, great”) + garðr (“city”), literally “the large city”. Compare megen and gård, -gård. Doublet of Maglegård.

compound

Saaledis er denne vnge Juncker da kommen til skibs fra Venedig til Græckeland, Moream, Corinthum, Athen oc i Arcipelago til Thracien oc Constantinopel, som voris gamle folck kalte fordom Meglegaard, oc i Tyrcki, samt nogle andre ypperlige Personer, som vaare der i selskab met, bode her aff Riget oc anden steds fra, ved stor bekostning oc fare.

1918, C. F. Bricka, “Christian Barnekov”, in Den danske Adel i det 16de og 17de Aarhundrede, page 8:


Mycklegaard

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Miklagarðr (literally “the large city”). From a popular ballad collection "200 Viser om Konger, Kæmper og andre" (1787 or 1695) or its earlier version from 1591.


Hvidovre

From hvid (“white”) + Ovre (from Old Danish awartha (“river brink”)).