Finland

Finland (A Nordic country having borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia in Europe)


Andorra

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Luxembourg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


Malta

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Portugal

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


San Marino

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Ukraine

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


England

(informal, somewhat dated) United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


Paris

From Old French Paris, from Latin Lutetia Parīsiōrum.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


London

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Stockholm

[ˈsd̥ʌˌkʰʌlˀm]


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)


Barcelona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Berlin

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


Edinburgh

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and regional administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Holland

Borrowed from Dutch Holland, probably = Old Dutch holt (“wood”) + lant (“land”).

(common, sometimes proscribed) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


norsk

head

norsk (plural and definite singular attributive norske)

norske (attributive definite singular)
norske (attributive plural)

From Old Danish nornst, cf. Middle Norwegian nornskr. The adjective was probably derived from Old Norse norrœnn (“Norwegian”), from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz (“northern”). Cognate with English northern.

Norwegian (of or relating to Norway, Norwegians or the Norwegian language)


zloty

zloty c (singular definite zlotyen, plural indefinite zloty)

zlotyen (definite singular)
zloty (indefinite plural)
zloty (indefinite nominative singular)
zlotyen (definite nominative singular)
zloty (indefinite nominative plural)
zlotyene (definite nominative plural)
zlotys (genitive indefinite singular)
zlotyens (definite genitive singular)
zlotys (genitive indefinite plural)
zlotyenes (definite genitive plural)


Napoli

Borrowed from Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”).

Naples (a province and city in Campania, Italy)


Zürich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Milano

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)

Milan (a metropolitan city of Lombardy, Italy)


Torino

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)

Turin (a metropolitan city of Piedmont, Italy)


Europa

Via Latin Eurōpa from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē)


Norge

From Old Norse Noregr, Norvegr, derived from norðr (from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą) and vegr (from Proto-Germanic *wegaz).

Norway (a country in Northern Europe; capital and largest city: Oslo)


Nederlandene

Definite plural form, probably from Older Dutch Nederlanden.

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Sverige

[ˈsʋ̥aɐ̯ˀjə]

From Old Norse Svíaríki, from Svía (“of Swedes”) + ríki (“kingdom”). Cognate with Swedish Sverige, Old English Swēorīċe.

Sweden (a country in Northern Europe; capital and largest city: Stockholm)


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Albanien

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Armenien

Armenien er et land i Kaukasus.

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Belgien

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Tyskland

From tysk (“German”) + land (“land”). Compare Norwegian, Swedish Tyskland, German Deutschland and Dutch Duitsland.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Spanien

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Bulgarien

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Kroatien

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Istanbul

From Turkish İstanbul, from Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “in the City”).

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν


zar

head

zar c (singular definite zaren, plural indefinite zarer)

zaren (definite singular)
zarer (indefinite plural)
zar (indefinite nominative singular)
zaren (definite nominative singular)
zarer (indefinite nominative plural)
zarerne (definite nominative plural)
zars (genitive indefinite singular)
zarens (definite genitive singular)
zarers (genitive indefinite plural)
zarernes (definite genitive plural)


zarina

zarina c (singular definite zarinaen, plural indefinite zarinaer)

zarinaen (definite singular)
zarinaer (indefinite plural)
zarina (indefinite nominative singular)
zarinaen (definite nominative singular)
zarinaer (indefinite nominative plural)
zarinaerne (definite nominative plural)
zarinas (genitive indefinite singular)
zarinaens (definite genitive singular)
zarinaers (genitive indefinite plural)
zarinaernes (definite genitive plural)


Rusland

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Köln

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Slovenien

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Montenegro

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Island

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in Europe, North Atlantic Ocean; capital: Reykjavík)


Moskva

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Irland

Inherited from Old Norse Írland, from Írar m pl (“Irishmen”), see irer.

Irland er en ø og et land i Vesteuropa.

Ireland is an island and a country in Western Europe.


Warszawa

Unadapted borrowing from Polish Warszawa, from Old Polish. See there for more.

unadapted borrowing

Warszawa er hovedstaden i Polen.


Danmark

[ˈd̥ænˌmɑːɡ̊]

[ˈtænˌmɑ̈ːk]

From Old Norse Danmǫrk, ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ (tanmaurk), from danir (“Danes”) + mǫrk (“borderland, march”). The name may have originated as an exonym, designating the northern frontierland of the Frankish Empire.


Cypern

Via German Zypern and Latin Cyprus from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros)

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Georgien

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Ungarn

Ungarn er et land i Centraleuropa.


Vatikanstaten

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Aserbajdsjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Kasakhstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Bosnien-Hercegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


tyrker

head

tyrker c (singular definite tyrkeren, plural indefinite tyrkere)

tyrkeren (definite singular)
tyrkere (indefinite plural)
tyrker (indefinite nominative singular)
tyrkeren (definite nominative singular)
tyrkere (indefinite nominative plural)
tyrkerne (definite nominative plural)
tyrkers (genitive indefinite singular)
tyrkerens (definite genitive singular)
tyrkeres (genitive indefinite plural)
tyrkernes (definite genitive plural)


København

Norwegian Bokmål: Køpenhavn, Kjøpenhavn

→ Faroese: Keypmannahavn

desc

→ Icelandic: Kaupmannahöfn, Kaupinhafn, Köben

→ Low German: Kopenhagen

→ English: Copenhagen

→ French: Copenhague

→ German: Kopenhagen

→ Romanian: Copenhaga

→ Italian: Copenaghen

→ Russian: Копенгаген (Kopengagen)

→ Spanish: Copenhague

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Kjøpenhamn, Kaupenhamn

→ Old Swedish: *Kø̄pmanhafn, *Kø̄pmanhamn

→ Swedish: Köpenhamn

→ Finnish: Kööpenhamina

From Old Danish Køpmannæhafn, equivalent to modern Danish købmænds havn (“chapmen's haven, merchants' harbor”). Compare Icelandic Kaupmannahöfn.

cog

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Nordirland

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Northern Ireland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom; capital: Belfast)


tysk

head

tysk (plural and definite singular attributive tyske)

tyske (attributive definite singular)
tyske (attributive plural)

Borrowed from Old Saxon thiudisc, from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of or relating to a people”), cognate with German deutsch, Dutch Duits, and English Dutch.
The Old Icelandic form þýðverskr is remodelled from þýzkr after the old suffix for ethnonyms -verr (from Proto-Germanic *warjaz), compare also Icelandic Þjóðverji (“a German”). The adjective is derived form the noun Proto-Germanic *þeudō (“people, nation”), whence Old Norse þjóð and Danish tjod. Originally, the adjective was not an ethnonym, but designated the vernacular language in opposition to Latin. This is the meaning of theodiscus in eighth-century Latin texts.

der

German (relating to the country, people or language of Germany)


Antwerpen

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Prag

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Dortmund

Dortmund (a major city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Athen

Via German Athen and Latin Athēnae from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι pl (Athênai).


Skandinavien

Scandinavia; the countries of Denmark (excluding the Faroe Islands and Greenland), Norway and Sweden.

Norden

includes, besides Scandinavia, also the Faroe Islands


Korsika

administrative region
administrative region

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Bukarest

Bukarest er hovedstaden i Rumænien.

Bucharest is the capital of Romania.


Haag

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Hamborg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


München

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Donau

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Schweiz

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Venedig

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)

Venice (a metropolitan city of Veneto, Italy)


Serbien

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Sardinien

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Storbritannien

From stor (“great”) + Britannien. Calque of English Great Britain.


Grækenland

[ˈɡ̊ʁɛˀɡ̊ŋ̩ˌlanˀ]

A compound of græker + land, but the form with -en- is influenced by German, cf. German Griechenland, Low German Grekenland, Dutch Griekenland.


Frankrig

[ˈfʁɑŋkʰʁ̥i]

From Middle Low German Frankrīke, from Old Saxon *Frankrīki. The name is a compound of Proto-West Germanic *frankō (“a Frank”) and *rīkī (“kingdom”).
See also German Frankreich, Dutch Frankrijk, and Yiddish פֿראַנקרײַך (frankraykh). The Low German word has been borrowed into Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish Frankrike. The Old Norse and Icelandic name is Frakkland.


Østrig

Calque of German Österreich, equivalent to øst (“east”) + rige (“realm, kingdom, country”).


Tyrkiet

[tˢyɐ̯ˈkʰiˀəð]

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Vejle

Vejle, a port on Vejle Fjord. The fourth-largest city in Region Syddanmark and ninth-largest city in Denmark.


Hviderusland

From hvid (“white”) + Rusland (“Russia”), a calque of Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ). Cognate with Faroese Hvítarussland, Swedish Vitryssland, Norwegian Bokmål Hviterussland, Norwegian Nynorsk Kviterussland, Icelandic Hvíta-Rússland, German Weißrussland, Dutch Wit-Rusland, Afrikaans Wit-Rusland, English White Russia, Limburgish Wit-Rusland, Alemannic German Wiissrussland, among others.


Tjekkiet

[tɕɛˈkʰiˀəð]

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Fransk Guyana

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Sicilien

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Skåne

From Old Norse Skáney, from Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō.

Scania (region of Sweden occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula)


Rumænien

Rumænien er et land i Østeuropa.


Catalonien

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Østtyskland

East Germany (former European country); the German Democratic Republic; (abbreviated DDR)


Miklagård

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Miklagarðr (literally “the large city”), from mikill and garðr. Compare megen and gård, -gård.

lbor

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Byzantium, Constantinople (a city in Turkey; ancient capital of the Byzantine Empire; modern Istanbul)


Sankt Petersborg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918).


Øresund

English: Øresund

Øresund (a strait between Denmark and Sweden)


Øresundsbroen

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Øresundsbroen

→ English: Øresund Bridge (calque)

→ German: Öresundbrücke (calque)

→ Icelandic: Eyrarsundsbrúin (calque)

desc

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Øresundbrua (calque)

[ˈøɐsɔnsˌb̥ʁoˀːn̩]

From Øresund (“Øresund”) + -s- (interfix) + bro (“bridge”) + -en (definite singular suffix), akin to the Swedish Öresundsbron.


Themsen

Thems (indefinite)
Thems (indefinite nominative singular)
Themsen (definite nominative singular)
Themss (genitive indefinite singular)
Themsens (definite genitive singular)

Via German Themse from Middle English, Old English Temese, from Latin Tamesis.


direkte virkning

Direktiver fra EU har ikke direkte virkning, men skal implementeres af hver medlemsstat.

Directives from the EU are not effective immediately, but must be implemented by each member state.

(European Union law) the property of being effective immediately in all member nations


Jersie

Eastern Zealandic dialectal descendant of Old Danish *Iærpshø̄ghæ, earliest recorded in 1280 as Iærphøhæ. From Old Norse, compound of genitive form of male given name Jarpr and plural form of haugr. The English geographical term Jersey is a false cognate.


gøtudansk

Possibly from Gøta, Eysturoy, supposedly the home of a teacher who spoke Danish with a heavy Faroese accent. Alternatively, possibly from the common noun gøta (“street”), thus "Street Danish".

Dano-Faroese (language variant of Danish spoken in the Faroe Islands)


Nordmakedonien

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Falklandsøerne

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


Meglegård

Semi-learned borrowing from Old Norse Miklagarðr, from mikill (“big, great”) + garðr (“city”), literally “the large city”. Compare megen and gård, -gård. Doublet of Maglegård.

compound

Saaledis er denne vnge Juncker da kommen til skibs fra Venedig til Græckeland, Moream, Corinthum, Athen oc i Arcipelago til Thracien oc Constantinopel, som voris gamle folck kalte fordom Meglegaard, oc i Tyrcki, samt nogle andre ypperlige Personer, som vaare der i selskab met, bode her aff Riget oc anden steds fra, ved stor bekostning oc fare.

1918, C. F. Bricka, “Christian Barnekov”, in Den danske Adel i det 16de og 17de Aarhundrede, page 8:


Mycklegaard

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Miklagarðr (literally “the large city”). From a popular ballad collection "200 Viser om Konger, Kæmper og andre" (1787 or 1695) or its earlier version from 1591.