xalxocotl

Equivalent to xālli (“sand”) + xocotl (“fruit”). Cf. Central Nahuatl chalxocotl, Central Huasteca Nahuatl chalchokotl, Mecayapan Nahuatl xa̱lxocoꞌ, Northern Puebla Nahuatl xalxocotl, Michoacán Nahuatl xalxocul, Tetelcingo Nahuatl xoxocotl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl xalxocotl.

¶ Xalxocotl, xalxocoquavitl: qujllo caiaztic, qujllo caiaoac ixtlatlaccamjltic injnacaio, cocopeoa injquauhio: injtlaaqujllo iztaleoac, coziaiactic, texio, tetexio, xallo:

c. 1569, Bernardino de Sahagún, editor, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España, volume 11, page 122v:

Guava; guava tree. It is covered in sparse foliage; its wood is red-brown; it sheds its branches; its fruit is pale, dark yellow, fine-grained, sandy

XALXOCOTL arbor eſt magna, Guayabus ab Haitinis dicta

[1651, Francisco Hernández, Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus, seu plantarum animalium mineralium Mexicanorum historia (in Latin), Romae: Ex typographeio Vitalis Mascardi:

The xalxocotl is a large tree, called guayabus by the Haitians

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava#Translingual


Tequixquiac

tequixquitl (“saltpetre”) + atl (“water”) + -c (“place”).


xoxoctic

Central Nahuatl: xoxoctic


canah

From cān (“where?”) + -ah (“unspecified determinative”).


maxtlatl

Central Nahuatl: maxtlatl, maxtl

Spanish: maxtlate

From māxatl (“crotch”) + tlatl (“strip of cloth”)

compound

Auh yn oquichtin aocmo maxtleque. ça tzintlapantinemia. anoço ça tzintlapãtinemi maxauhtinemi.

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24v:

And [so] the men no longer have breechclouts. They just go with buttocks or virile members bare.


tlaolli

Compare ōlōtl (“maize cob”), ēlōtl (“green ear of maize”) and xīlōtl (“immature, tender ear of maize”).


Huitzilopochco

Huitzilopochtli (name of a god) + -co (locative suffix)


azcacoyotl

Central Nahuatl: azcacoyotl

→ Spanish: ascacoyote

Equivalent to azcatl (“ant”) + coyotl (“coyote”)

Tamandua mexicana
Tamandua mexicana#Translingual


acachapolin

Equivalent to acatl (“cane”) + chapolin (“grasshopper”)


tlalalacatl

greater white-fronted goose
greater white-fronted goose


Tollohcan

Toluca (the largest city of the modern State of Mexico, Mexico)


motla

(transitive) to stone something, to hunt something


cahcatza

(transitive) to tie something securely, tightly


ohza

(transitive) To anoint, to apply salve on something


petzoa

From petztli (“pyrite, smoothness”) + -oa (“(instrumental verb)”).
Cognate to petzcoa.

suffix

(transitive) to smooth something, to polish something


chiya

(transitive) to watch something, to observe


caltechoa

From calli (“house, container”) + -tech (“adjacent, side”) + -oa (“(instrumental verb)”).

(transitive) to separate something, to set aside


caltechtli

From calli (“house, container”) + -tech (“adjacent, side”) + -tli (“(absolutive)”).


icza

(transitive) to step on something, to trample


patla

(transitive) to change something, to exchange


patla

(transitive) to melt something, to dissolve something. Transitive form of pati.


huitequi

(transitive) to strike something, to whip something


huapahua

(transitive) to strengthen, to raise a child


ihcequi

(transitive) to toast something on a griddle, to griddle


cahua

(transitive) to leave something, to abandon something


amintli

From ātl (“water”) + mīna (“shoot arrows”) + -tli (“(absolutive)”).


chihcha

/ˈt͡ʃiʔt͡ʃa/


pehpena

(transitive) to pick something; to choose


chihchitl

/ˈt͡ʃiʔt͡ʃit͡ɬ/

From chihcha (“to spit”) + -tli (“(absolutive)”).


ithui

(intransitive) to be visible, to appear. Intransitive counterpart of itta.


nanquilia

(transitive) to answer, to respond to someone.


pitza

(transitive) to blow on something, to play a woodwind instrument

(reflexive) to inflame, to huff and puff


tlapayahui

From tla (“(impersonal)”) + *-payahui (“rain gently”). Cognate to ayahuitl, quiyahui, and cepayahui.

compound

(impersonal) To drizzle, rain gently for a long time.


cepayahui

From cetl (“ice”) + *-payahui (“rain gently”). Cognate to ayahuitl, quiyahui, and tlapayahui.


cuamana

(transitive) to lie to or deceive something


itqui

(transitive) to carry something, to transport


zaca

(transitive) to transport something, to carry something


catzana

(reflexive) To stretch one's arms and legs.


Cuetlaxcoapan

cuetlaxtli (“skin”) + coatl (“snake”) + pan (“on the place”)

affix

Puebla City (the capital and largest city of the modern state of Puebla, Mexico).


Acapolco

acatl (“cane”) + pol (“big”) + co (“place”)

Acapulco (the largest city in the modern state of Guerrero, Mexico)


oncah

(intransitive) to exist, to be somewhere


ahuah

From ātl (“water”) + -huah (“possessor of”).

(he or she is) one who possesses or controls water.


tepehuah

tepēhuah (canonical)
tepēhuahqueh (plural)

From tepētl (“mountain”) + -huah (“possessor of”).

suffix

(he or she is) one who possesses or controls a mountain or hill.


ahuah tepehuah

head

āhuah tepēhuah (plural āhuahqueh tepēhuahqueh)

āhuah tepēhuah (canonical)
āhuahqueh tepēhuahqueh (plural)

From āltepētl (“city-state”) + -huah (“possessor of”).

suffix

(he or she is) one who possesses or lives in an altepetl or a city.


otontlahtolli

Otomitl (“Otomi person”) + tlahtolli (“language”)


itlah

From tleh (“what?”) + -ah (“unspecified determinative”).


icah

From īc (“when?”) + -ah (“unspecified determinative”).


-ti-

-tlan (“under, around”) → -titlan
calli (“house”) + -titlan → caltitlan (“around, under a house”)

A ligature connecting relational suffixes to nouns.


-titlan

From -ti- (“(ligature)”) + -tlan (“under, around”).

(added to nouns) A locative suffix denoting adjacency or distance below: Under, around. Essentially -tlan with the -ti ligature. More often used with -tli verbs.


-ah

Turns an interrogative pronoun into an unspecified pronoun. Equivalent to "some-" in "somewhere" and "something".


-tloc

no- (“1st singular possessive”) → notlōc (“near me, next to me”)

tenāmitl (“wall”) → tenāntlōc (“near to a wall”)

(added to nouns) A locative suffix: near or next to something.


-tzalan

to- (“1st plural possessive”) → totzālan (“between us, among us”)

caltzālan + -tli (“absolute”) → caltzālantli (“road or street between houses”)

calli (“house”) → caltzālan (“between houses”)

(added to nouns) A locative suffix: between or among something(s). Can denote passageways or roads with the absolutive suffix -tli.


tolinia

(reflexive) to suffer, to be impoverished


cuehzoa

(reflexive) to be disturbed, to be bothered


pahuaci

(transitive) to boil something, to stew something in a pot


tequipachoa

From tequitl (“work”) + pachoa (“press down”). Literally "to press work upon".

compound

(transitive) to worry someone, to torment


pachoa

(transitive) to press down on something, to control someone, to sit on something


petztoloa

From petztli (“pyrite, smooth things”) + toloa (“to swallow”).

(transitive) to swallow something soft, something slippery


tenihza

From tēntli (“lips, mouth”) + ihza (“to wake up”).


cualantli

From cualāni (“to be angry, to anger”) + -tli (“(absolutive suffix)”).


ocotzotl

Equivalent to ocotl (“pine tree”) + tzotl (“sweat”).


tocayoh

Spanish: tocayo

Portuguese: tocaio

The possessive form of the noun tōcāitl (“name”), name, formed by adding the possesser suffix -yoh to the stem tōcā. Commonly used in the possessed form, as in notōcāyoh (“my name-haver, one having my name”).


cihuacoatl

Blend of cihuatl (“woman”) + coatl (“twin”)


coxolihtli

De Coxolitli quam Phaſianum patrium vocant.

[1651, Francisco Hernández, Historiae animalium et mineralium Novae Hispaniae [Histories of the animals and minerals of New Spain] (overall work in Latin), page 23:

Of the coxolitli which they call the paternal pheasant.

Penelope purpurascens
Penelope purpurascens#Translingual


tzaponochtli

Equivalent to tzapotl (“sapote”) + nochtli (“prickly pear fruit”).


ohtlatl

[ˈoʔt͡ɬat͡ɬ]

Cognate with Highland Puebla Nahuatl ojtat, Mecayapan Nahuatl ojtaꞌ, Northern Puebla Nahuatl ohtlatl, Pipil uhtat, Tetelcingo Nahuatl otlatl.


coneepatl

→ Translingual: Conepatus

→ English: conepatl

Sunt & alia duo huius Vulpeculæ genera, eadem penè forma, & natura. quorum alterum Yzquiepatl vocatum, faſcijs multis candentibus diſtinguitur; alterum verò, Conepatl, ſeu Vulpecula puerilis, vnica tantum vtrinq; ducta, perq; caudam ipſam eodem modo delata.

[1651, Francisco Hernández, Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus, seu plantarum animalium mineralium Mexicanorum historia (in Latin), Romae: Ex typographeio Vitalis Mascardi, page 332:

There are also two other types of these skunks, with nearly the same form and nature; of which the first, called yzquiepatl, is distinguished by its many white stripes; the second, conepatl, or childish skunk, having only one on each side, continued in this way through to its very tail.


teocomitl

golden barrel cactus
golden barrel cactus


tlacamayeh tecuani

Equivalent to tlacamayeh (“who there are forepaws as a human”) + tecuani (“beast”).


cuauhcomitl

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


ye huehcauh

→ Translingual: Yehuecauhceratops


tzanatl

Spanish: zanate, chanate


Tzompanco

tzompantli (“skull rack”) + -c (“place”).

af

Zumpango (the largest city in the modern State of Mexico, Mexico)


mecayotl

From mecatl (“rope”) + -yotl (forms abstract nouns from an inalienable possession).


Atlacomolco

Atlacomulco (the largest city in the modern State of Mexico, Mexico)


Xalixco

xalli (“sand”) + ixtli (“face”) + co (“place”).

af

Xalisco, town in Nayarit. https://web.archive.org/web/20200718215743/http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM18nayarit/municipios/18008a.html

Jalisco, name of Mexican state. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929234851/http://inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM14jalisco/nomenclatura.html


cahuayoh

head

cahuayoh (animate, plural cahuayohtin or cahuahyohmeh)

cahuayohtin (plural)
cahuahyohmeh (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.


tlaxcaltecatl

tlaxcaltēcatl (canonical)
tlaxcaltēcah (absolutive plural)


Metepec

metl (“century plant”) + tepetl (“mountain”) + co (“place”)


tlapitzalli

From tla- + pītza (“to blow on”) + -lli.


teponaztli

teponāztli (canonical inanimate)
teponāztli (plural)

Tepunaztli. cierto palo hueco que tañen y hazen ſon cõel quando bailan o cantan.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 103v. col. 1:

Tepunaztli. a certain hollow stick that they play and make sounds with it when they sing or dance.

percussion instrument
percussion instrument

(it is) a slit drum; a hollow percussion instrument


acachatl

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana:


teotlalmazatl

head

teotlalmazatl (animate, plural teotlalmazameh)

Equivalent to teotlalli (“valley”) + mazatl (“deer”).


acacapacquilitl

Equivalent to acacapactli + quilitl (“herb”).

acacapaquelite (Aganippea bellidiflora), aquatic plant.


tlaxcalpacholli

Equivalent to tlaxcalli (“tortilla”) + pacholli (“folded”).


yauhtli

Central Nahuatl: yauhtli


tenohpalli

From tetl (“stone”) + nohpalli (“nopal; cactus”).

(it is) a type of fruit-bearing cactus, a cholla; Cylindropuntia imbricata.


copalli

→ Spanish: copal


acxoyatototl

acxoyatl (“sacred fir”) + tototl (“bird”)

red-naped sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis), woodpeaker bird.


acxoyatl

Abies religiosa
Abies religiosa#Translingual


altepetlacatl

āltepētlācatl (canonical)
āltepētlācah (plural)

altepetl (“town, city”) + tlacatl (“person”)

citizen, townsman, inhabitant of a city or town


motilmah

second-person singular possessive of tilmahtli; it is your cotton cloak.

second-person plural possessive of tilmahtli; they are your cotton cloaks.


cipactin

plural of cipactli; (they are) mythological reptilian animals.


itilmah

third-person singular possessive singular of tilmahtli; (it is) his or her cotton cloak.

third-person singular possessive plural of tilmahtli; (they are) his or her cotton cloaks.


notilmah

first-person singular possessive singular of tilmahtli; (it is) my cotton cloak.

first-person singular possessive plural of tilmahtli; (they are) my cotton cloaks.


santo Domingo teopixqueh

santo Domingo teōpixqueh (animate canonical)

plural of santo Domingo teōpixqui; (they are) Dominican friars or religious priests.


Cuauhtlahtoatzin

From cuāuhtli (“eagle”) + tla- (“thing”) + ihtoa (“to speak”) + -tzin.

(honorific) a male given name, roughly “he is who speaks like an eagle”

An attributive name of Saint Juan Diego.


Dios Tepiltzin

From Dios (“God”) + tēpiltzin (“one's beloved Son”).


Dios Tetahtzin

From Dios (“God”) + tētahtzin (“one's beloved Father”).


tlahtohcatotontin

plural of tlahtohcātōntli; (they are) weak or ineffective sovereigns.


discipulomeh

plural of discipulo; (they are) disciples.


idiscipulohuan

third-person singular possessive plural of discipulo; (they are) his (or her) disciples.


apostolomeh

plural of apostolo; (they are) apostles; discipulos.


evangelistameh

plural of evangelista; (they are) evangelists; preachers of the Gospel.


Spu Scto

Spiritu Santo
Spiritu Santo#Classical_Nahuatl


virgineme

[wíːɬʃiˈnémeʔ]


angelomeh

[áːn̥ʃiˈlóʔmeʔ]


motlahtlacol

[mot͡ɬaʔˈt͡ɬákoːɬ]

second-person singular possessive singular of tlahtlacōlli; (it is) your sin.

second-person singular possessive plural of tlahtlacōlli; (they are) your sins.


intlahtlacol

[íːnt͡ɬaʔˈt͡ɬákoːɬ]

third-person plural possessive singular of tlahtlacōlli; (it is) their sin.

third-person plural possessive plural of tlahtlacōlli; (they are) their sins.


itlahtlacol

[íːt͡ɬaʔˈt͡ɬákoːɬ]

third-person singular possessive singular of tlahtlacōlli; (it is) his or her sin.

third-person singular possessive plural of tlahtlacōlli; (they are) his or her sins.


Spiritu Santo

[iʃˈpíːɬtoʔ ˈʃántoʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish Spiritu Sancto (“Holy Spirit”) (modern spelling Espíritu Santo), from Latin Spīritūs Sānctus.


amotlahtlacol

[amót͡ɬaʔˈt͡ɬákoːɬ]

second-person plural possessive singular of tlahtlacōlli; (it is) your sin.

second-person plural possessive plural of tlahtlacōlli; (they are) your sins.


Dios Spiritu Santo

[ˈti.jóʃ iʃˈpíːɬtoʔ ˈʃántoʔ]

From Classical Nahuatl Dios (“God”) + Spanish Spiritu Sancto (“Holy Spirit”) (modern spelling Espíritu Santo), from Latin Spīritus Sānctus.

(Christianity) (He is) God the Holy Spirit


nohuehxolohuan

first-person singular possessive plural of huehxōlōtl; (they are) my turkeys.


nohuehxolouh

[nóweʔˈʃóːloːʍ]

first-person singular possessive singular of huehxōlōtl; (it is) my turkey.


intepeuh

third-person plural possessive singular of tepētl; (it is) their mountain.


intepehuan

third-person plural possessive plural of tepētl; (they are) their mountains.


totepehuan

first-person plural possessive plural of tepētl; (they are) our mountains.


notepehuan

first-person singular possessive plural of tepētl; (they are) my mountains.


notepeuh

first-person singular possessive singular of tepētl; (it is) my mountain.


itepehuan

third-person singular possessive plural of tepētl; (they are) his, her or its mountains.


itepeuh

third-person singular possessive singular of tepētl; (it is) his, her or its mountain.


notlahtlacol

[nót͡ɬaʔˈt͡ɬákoːɬ]

first-person singular possessive singular of tlahtlacōlli; (it is) my sin.

first-person singular possessive plural of tlahtlacōlli; (they are) my sins.


patriarcameh

plural of patriarca; (they are) patriarchs.


amotepehuan

second-person plural possessive plural of tepētl; (they are) your mountains.


Jesu xpo

Shortenings such as xp̃o have their origin in Christian nomina sacra (cf. Spũ Sctõ).


motlaxcal

second-person singular possessive singular of tlaxcalli; (it is) your tortilla; your bread.

second-person singular possessive plural of tlaxcalli; (they are) your tortillas; your breads.


intlaxcal

third-person plural possessive singular of tlaxcalli; (it is) their tortilla; their bread.

third-person plural possessive plural of tlaxcalli; (they are) their tortillas; their breads.


notlaxcal

first-person singular possessive singular of tlaxcalli; (it is) my tortilla; my bread.

first-person singular possessive plural of tlaxcalli; (they are) my tortillas; my breads.


amotlaxcal

second-person plural possessive singular of tlaxcalli; (it is) your tortilla; your bread.

second-person plural possessive plural of tlaxcalli; (they are) your tortillas; your breads.


totlazohnantzin

first-person plural possessive singular of tlazohnāntzintli; (she is) our (revered) precious mother.


totlazohpiltzin

(honorific) first-person plural possessive singular of tlazohpiltzintli; (he is) our precious son.


tlazohnantzitzintin

plural of tlazohnāntzintli; (they are) precious; dearly beloved mothers.


totlaxcal

first-person plural possessive singular of tlaxcalli; (it is) our tortilla; our bread.

first-person plural possessive plural of tlaxcalli; (they are) our tortillas; our breads.


itlaxcal

[iːˈt͡ɬáʃ.kaɬ]

third-person singular possessive singular of tlaxcalli; (it is) his or her tortilla or bread.

third-person singular possessive plural of tlaxcalli; (they are) his or her tortillas or breads.


tlazohnantzintli

head

tlazohnāntzintli anim (plural tlazohnāntzitzintin)

tlazohnāntzintli (animate canonical)
tlazohnāntzitzintin (plural)

From tlazohtli (“something precious”) + nāntli (“mother”) + -tzin.

compound

(she is) a precious; dearly beloved mother


nochichihuan

[nót͡ʃiˈt͡ʃíwaːn̥]

first-person singular possessive plural of chichi; (they are) my pet dogs.


amochichiuh

[ámoˈt͡ʃí.t͡ʃiʍ]

second-person plural possessive singular of chichi; (it is) your pet dog.


confesoremeh

plural of confesor; (they are) confessors.


ichichiuh

[iːˈt͡ʃí.t͡ʃiʍ]

third-person singular possessive singular of chichi; (it is) his or her pet dog.


mochichiuh

second-person singular possessive singular of chichi; (it is) your pet dog.


nochichiuh

first-person singular possessive singular of chichi; (it is) my pet dog.


inchichihuan

[íːnt͡ʃiˈt͡ʃíwaːn̥]

third-person plural possessive plural of chichi; (they are) their pet dogs.


mochichihuan

[mót͡ʃiˈt͡ʃíwaːn̥]

second-person singular possessive plural of chichi; (they are) your pet dogs.


tochichihuan

[tót͡ʃiˈt͡ʃíwaːn̥]

first-person plural possessive plural of chichi; (they are) our pet dogs.


amochichihuan

second-person plural possessive plural of chichi; (they are) your pet dogs.


ichichihuan

[íːt͡ʃiˈt͡ʃíwaːn̥]

third-person singular possessive plural of chichi; (they are) his or her pet dogs.


inchichiuh

[iːnˈt͡ʃí.t͡ʃiʍ]

third-person plural possessive singular of chichi; (it is) their pet dog.


tochichiuh

first-person plural possessive singular of chichi; (it is) our pet dog.


totilmah

first-person plural possessive singular of tilmahtli; (it is) our cotton cloak.

first-person plural possessive plural of tilmahtli; (they are) our cotton cloaks.


intilmah

third-person plural possessive singular of tilmahtli; (it is) their cloak.

third-person plural possessive plural of tilmahtli; (they are) their cloaks.


amotilmah

second-person plural possessive singular of tilmahtli; (it is) your cloak.

second-person plural possessive plural of tilmahtli; (they are) your cloaks.


noyaohuan

first-person singular possessive plural of yāōtl; (they are) my enemies; my foes.


inyaouh

[íːˈjːáː.oː(ʍ)]

third-person plural possessive singular of yāōtl; (he, she or it is) their enemy; their foe.


amoyaohuan

second-person plural possessive plural of yāōtl; (they are) your enemies; your foes.


iyaohuan

[íːjaːˈóːwaːn̥]

third-person singular possessive plural of yāōtl; (they are) his, her or its enemies; foes.


moyaohuan

second-person singular possessive plural of yāōtl; (they are) your enemies; your foes.


inyaohuan

[íːjːaːˈóːwaːn̥]

third-person plural possessive plural of yāōtl; (they are) their enemies; their foes.


toyaohuan

first-person plural possessive plural of yāōtl; (they are) our enemies; our foes.


iyaouh

[íːˈjáː.oː(ʍ)]

third-person singular possessive singular of yāōtl; (he, she or it is) his, her or its enemy; foe.


incuic

third-person plural possessive singular of cuīcatl; (it is) their singing; their songs.

third-person plural possessive plural of cuīcatl; (they are) their songs.


tlazohtli

[t͡ɬaˈsóʔt͡ɬi]

From tlazohtla (“to love; cherish (someone or something”).

Tlaçotli. coſa precioſa, o cara.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 119r. col. 2:

Tlaçotli. something precious, or costly.

Precioſo y coſtoſo. patiyo.tlaçotli. tlaçocapatiyo.
Precious and costly. patiyo.tlaçotli. tlaçocapatiyo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 98r. col. 1:

(it is) something precious; costly, valuable.


tocuexcoch

first-person plural possessive plural of cuexcochtli; (they are) the napes of our necks.


icuexcoch

third-person singular possessive singular of cuexcochtli; (it is) the nape of his or her neck.


amocuexcoch

second-person plural possessive plural of cuexcochtli; (they are) the napes of your necks.


incuexcoch

third-person plural possessive plural of cuexcochtli; (they are) the napes of their necks.


nocuexcoch

first-person singular possessive singular of cuexcochtli; (it is) the nape of my neck.


mocuexcoch

second-person singular possessive singular of cuexcochtli; (it is) the nape of your neck.


ichpopochtepitoton

plural of ichpōchtepitōn; (they are) small or young girls.


cihuapiltzintli

head

cihuāpiltzintli anim (plural cihuāpiltzitzintin)

cihuāpiltzintli (animate canonical)
cihuāpiltzitzintin (plural)

From cihuāpilli (“girl, maiden”) + -tzin.

Moçuela de edad mas pequeña. ychpuchpiltontli. / ychpuchcaconetontli. ychpuchtzin / tli. ychpuchpiltzintli. ciuapiltzintli.
A girl of younger age. ychpuchpiltontli. / ychpuchcaconetontli. ychpuchtzin / tli. ychpuchpiltzintli. ciuapiltzintli.

diminutive of cihuāpilli; (she is) a young girl.


ichpochtzintli

ichpōchtzintli anim (plural ichpōpōchtzitzintin)

ichpōchtzintli (animate canonical)
ichpōpōchtzitzintin (plural)

[ít͡ʃpoːt͡ʃˈt͡sínt͡ɬi]

From ichpōchtli (“girl, maiden”) + -tzin.

Ichpotzintli. moçuela.

diminutive of ichpōchtli; (she is) a young girl.


ichpochpiltontli

ichpōchpiltōntli anim (plural ichpōpōchpiltotōntin)

ichpōchpiltōntli (animate canonical)
ichpōpōchpiltotōntin (plural)

From ichpōchtli (“young girl”) + piltōntli (“child”).

compound

Ichpochpiltontli. moçuela o muchacha.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 32v. col. 1:

Ichpochpiltontli. a young girl or maiden.


ichpochtepiton

head

ichpōchtepitōn anim (plural ichpōpōchtepitotōn)

ichpōchtepitōn (animate canonical)
ichpōpōchtepitotōn (plural)

From ichpōchtli (“girl”) + tepitōn (“something small”).

compound

Ichpochtepitonyotl . Mocedad o pequeñez de / moças.

Ichpochtepitonyotl . The youth or smallness of girls.


nochpoch

[ˈnót͡ʃpoːt͡ʃ]

first-person singular possessive singular of ichpōchtli; (she is) my young daughter.

first-person singular possessive plural of ichpōchtli; (they are) my young daughters.


teopixcatlahtohqueh

(they are) governors of priests; bishops or archbishops.


huacalli

→ Spanish: guacal


san Agustin teopixqueh

san Agustin teōpixqueh (animate canonical)

san Agustin teōpixqui
san Agustin teopixqui#Classical_Nahuatl

plural of san Agustin teōpixqui; (they are) Augustinian friars or religious priests.


amotepetzin

third-person plural possessive singular of tepētzintli; (it is) your venerable hill.


matzin

second-person singular possessive singular of ātzintli; (it is) your venerable water.


natzin

first-person singular possessive singular of ātzintli; (it is) my venerable water.


tlamahuizoltica

From tlamāhuizōlli (“a miracle”) + -tica.


tatzin

first-person plural possessive singular of ātzintli; (it is) our venerable water.


imatzin

third-person plural possessive singular of ātzintli; (it is) their venerable water.


amatzin

third-person plural possessive singular of ātzintli; (it is) your venerable water.


tlamahuizolli

head

tlamāhuizōlli inan (plural tlamāhuizōlli)

tlamāhuizōlli (canonical inanimate)
tlamāhuizōlli (plural)

From māhuizoa (“to be awed; astonished”), itself from māhuiztli (“fear”).

Tlamauiçolli. milagro o marauilla.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 126r. col. 2:

Milagro. tlamauiçolli. tetzauh tlamauiçolli.
A miracle. tlamauiçolli. tetzauh tlamauiçolli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 85r. col. 1:

(it is) a miracle; a marvelous or astonishing event.


Caxtillan quetzaltotomeh

plural of Caxtīllān quetzaltōtōtl; (they are) turkeys, turkey hens or peacocks.


amilomeh

plural of amilotl; (they are) white fish.


nextlahualtin

[néʃt͡ɬaːˈwáɬtin̥]

plural of nextlāhualli; (they are) blood offerings.


macehuallotl

mācēhuallōtl (canonical inanimate)
mācēhuallōtl (plural)

[máːseːˈwálːoːt͡ɬ]

From mācēhualli (“vassal; peasant”) + -yōtl.

Maceuallotl. vaſallaje, o coſa de macehual.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 50v. col. 1:

Maceuallotl. vassalage, or something pertaining to a vassal.

Vaſallaje. maceuallotl.
Vassalage. maceuallotl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 116r. col. 1:

(it is) vassalage; or something characteristic of a vassal or peasant.


mahuiztli

māhuiztli (canonical inanimate)
māhuiztli (plural)

Mauiztli. miedo, o perſona digna de honra.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 55v. col. 1:

Mauiztli. fear, or a person worthy of honor.

Miedo. nemauhtiliztli. neiçauiliztli. mauhcayotl. mauiztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 84v. col. 2:

Fear. nemauhtiliztli. neiçauiliztli. mauhcayotl. mauiztli.


Caxtillan quetzaltototl

Caxtīllān quetzaltōtōtl anim (plural Caxtīllān quetzaltōtōmeh)

Caxtīllān quetzaltōtōtl (animate canonical)
Caxtīllān quetzaltōtōmeh (plural)

From Caxtīllān (“Spain”) + quetzaltōtōtl (“a quetzal”).

compound

Pauo, paua o pauon. caſtillan quetzaltotol.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 93v. col. 1:

A turkey, turkey hen or peacock. caſtillan quetzaltotol.


huentli

Ventli. ofrenda.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 156v. col. 2:

Sacrificio o ofrenda. ventli. tlamanaliztli. vemmanaliztli. nextlaualli.
A sacrifice or offering. ventli. tlamanaliztli. vemmanaliztli. nextlaualli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 106v. col. 1:


tlatatactzaccayotl

head

tlatatactzaccāyōtl inan (plural tlatatactzaccāyōtl)

tlatatactzaccāyōtl (canonical inanimate)
tlatatactzaccāyōtl (plural)

* From tlatatactli (“a grave or burial pit”) + tzaccāyōtl (“a covering”).

compound

Tlatatac tzaccayotl. piedra de ſepultura.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 56r. col. 1:


altepenahuatilli

head

āltepēnāhuatīlli inan (plural āltepēnāhuatīlli)

āltepēnāhuatīlli (canonical inanimate)
āltepēnāhuatīlli (plural)

From āltepētl (“an altepetl; a city or town”) + nāhuatīlli (“a law; an obligation or precept”).

compound

Altepenauatilli. ordenanças de pueblo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 4r. col. 1:


tlatatactli

Tlatatactli. ſepultura, o hoyo cauado, o tierra eſcaruada o cauada.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 134v. col. 1:

Tlatatactli. a grave or a dug hole, or earth dug up or dug.

ſepulchro o ſepultura. tlatatactli. tecochtli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 108v. col. 1:

a sepulcher or grave. tlatatactli. tecochtli.

(it is) a grave or grave pit; earth dug for a grave.


tlamanaliztli

head

tlamanaliztli inan (plural tlamanaliztli)

From tlamana (“to make an offering”) + -liztli.

suffix

Tlamanaliztli. el acto de ofrecer don o ofrenda.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 125v. col. 1:

Tlamanaliztli. the act of offering a gift or offering.

(it is) the act of making an offering or presenting a gift.


nextlahualli

head

nextlāhualli inan or anim (plural nextlāhualtin)

nextlāhualli (animate canonical inanimate)
nextlāhualtin (plural)

[néʃt͡ɬaːˈwálːi]

Nextlaualli. ſacrificio de ſangre, que ofrecian alos ydolos, ſajandose o horadando alguna parte del cuerpo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 5r. col. 1:

Nextlaualli. a blood sacrifice which they offered to their idols by cutting and piercing parts of their body.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 106v. col. 1:

(inanimate) (it is) a sacrifice or blood offering.

(animate) (he or she is) a person offered as sacrifice.


ixoculin

īxocuilin anim (plural īxocuiltin or īxocuilmeh)

īxocuilin (animate canonical)
īxocuiltin (plural)
īxocuilmeh (plural)

From īxtli (“the face”) + ocuilin (“a worm”).

Ixocuilin. ladilla.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 46r. col. 2:

Ladilla. yxocuili. yxtamaçoliciuiztli.
A crab louse. yxocuili. yxtamaçoliciuiztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 76v. col. 1:


cihuayotl

cihuāyōtl (canonical inanimate)
cihuāyōtl (plural)

Ciuayotl. la madre do concibe la muger.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 22v. col. 1:

Ciuayotl. the womb where the woman conceives.

Madre do concibe la muger. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nantli.
The womb where the woman conceives. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nantli.


miccatlatatactzaccayotl

miccātlatatactzaccāyōtl inan (plural miccātlatatactzaccāyōtl)

miccātlatatactzaccāyōtl (canonical inanimate)
miccātlatatactzaccāyōtl (plural)

* From micqui (“a dead body”) + tlatatactzaccāyōtl (“a grave stone or pit”).

compound

Micca tlatactzaccayotl. piedra grãde o loſa de ſepultura.

Micca tlatactzaccayotl. a large slab or stone for a grave.

Sepultura cõ epitaphio. micca tlatatacca tzacayotl. [sic]
A grave bearing an epitaph. micca tlatatacca tzacayotl. [sic]

(it is) a large grave stone or slab bearing an epitaph.


amilotetl

From amilotl (“a type of white fish”) + tetl (“an egg”).

Amilotetl. hueuos de peſcado blanco.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 5r. col. 1:

Vueo de peſcado. michin yteuh. michtetl. amilotetl / Y aſsi delos de mas.
Roe. michin yteuh. michtetl. amilotetl / And likewise for other fish.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 115v. col. 1:

(it is) the roe of the amilotl, a white fish.


sacerdoteyotl

head

sacerdōteyōtl inan (plural sacerdōteyōtl)

sacerdōteyōtl (canonical inanimate)
sacerdōteyōtl (plural)

From sacerdote (“a Catholic priest”) + -yōtl.

Orden ſacra. ſacerdoteyotl. teopixcayotl.
Holy Orders. ſacerdoteyotl. teopixcayotl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 91r. col. 2:

(it is) the sacrament of holy orders; the Catholic priesthood.


huemmanaliztli

huemmanaliztli inan (plural huemmanaliztli)

From huemmana (“to make an offering”) + -liztli.

suffix

Vemmanaliztli. el acto de hacer ofrenda.

Vemmanaliztli. the act of making an offering.

(it is) the act of making of a sacrificial offering.


amilotl

Amilotl. peſcado blanco, como albur.

Amilotl. a white fish, similar to a mullet.

Peſcado blanco, como albur. amilotl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 1, f. 95v. col. 1:

A white fish, similar to a mullet. amilotl.

(it is) a type of white fish, perhaps Chirostoma humboldtianum.


pacxixihtli

[pák.ʃiˈʃíʔt͡ɬi]

Pacxixitli. cierto paxaro.

(it is) a certain bird, perhaps a songbird.


quequetzalcoah

A reduplicated plural form of Quetzalcōātl.

Quequetzalcoa. miniſtros de cierto ydolo que ſe llamaua quetzalcoatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt 2, f. 89r. col. 1:

Quequetzalcoa. ministers of a certain idol they called Quetzalcoatl.

(they are) priests of the god Quetzalcoatl.


noxocoyouh

[nóʃoːˈkójoːʍ]

first-person singular possessive singular of xōcoyōtl; (he or she is) my youngest child.


amoxocoyouh

second-person plural possessive singular of xōcoyōtl; (he or she is) your youngest child.


ixocoyouh

[íːʃoːˈkójoːʍ]

third-person singular possessive singular of xōcoyōtl; (he or she is) his or her youngest child.


inxocoyouh

[íːnʃoːˈkójoːʍ]

third-person plural possessive singular of xōcoyōtl; (he or she is) their child.


moxocoyouh

[móʃoːˈkójoːʍ]

second-person singular possessive singular of xōcoyōtl; (he or she is) your youngest child.


toxocoyouh

[tóʃoːˈkójoːʍ]

first-person plural possessive singular of xōcoyōtl; (he or she is) our youngest child.


noyolloh

first-person singular possessive singular of yōllohtli; (it is) my heart.


iyolloh

[iːˈjóːlːoʔ]

third-person singular possessive singular of yōllohtli; (it is) his, her or its heart.


amoyolloh

second-person plural possessive plural of yōllohtli; (they are) your hearts.


inyolloh

[iːn̥ˈjóːlːoʔ]

third-person plural possessive plural of yōllohtli; (they are) their hearts.


toyolloh

first-person plural possessive plural of yōllohtli; (they are) our hearts.


moyolloh

second-person singular possessive singular of yōllohtli; (it is) your heart.


icnomacehualtin

plural of icnōmācēhualli; (they are) poor or humble servants.


icnomacehualli

head

icnōmācēhualli anim (plural icnōmācēhualtin)

icnōmācēhualli (animate canonical)
icnōmācēhualtin (plural)

From icnōtl (“someone poor; humble”) + mācēhualli (“a peasant or vassal”).

compound

(her or she is) a poor or humble servant.


imachhuan

third-person singular possessive plural of machtli (they are) a man's nephews.


momach

second-person singular possessive singular of machtli (he is) your nephew.


nomach

first-person singular possessive singular of machtli (he is) my nephew.


momachhuan

second-person singular possessive plural of machtli (they are) your nephews.


nomachhuan

first-person singular possessive plural of machtli (they are) my nephews.


imach

third-person singular possessive singular of machtli (he is) his nephew.


amomach

second-person plural possessive singular of machtli (he is) your nephew.


immachhuan

third-person plural possessive plural of machtli; (they are) their nephews.


immach

third-person plural possessive singular of machtli (he is) their nephew.


tomachhuan

first-person plural possessive plural of machtli (they our) our nephews.


amomachhuan

second-person plural possessive singular of machtli (they are) your nephews.


itlanequiliz

third-person singular possessive singular of tlanequiliztli; (it is) his, her or its will; wish.

third-person singular possessive plural of tlanequiliztli; (they are) his, her or its wishes.


notlanequiliz

first-person singular possessive singular of tlanequiliztli; (it is) my will; wish.

first-person singular possessive plural of tlanequiliztli; (they are) my wishes.


motlanequiliz

second-person singular possessive plural of tlanequiliztli; (they are) your wishes.

second-person singular possessive singular of tlanequiliztli; (it is) your will; wish.


iahhuayo

third-person singular inalienable possessive singular of ahhuatl; (it is) its thorn.

third-person singular inalienable possessive plural of ahhuatl; (they are) its thorns.


tomach

first-person plural possessive singular of machtli (he is) our nephew.


itecpanchan

[íːteːkˈpán̥t͡ʃaːn̥]

third-person singular possessive singular of tēcpanchāntli; (it is) his or her palace.

third-person singular possessive plural of tēcpanchāntli; (they are) his or her palaces.


ieyitiliztzin

honorific third-person singular possessive singular of eyītiliztli; (it is) his (God's) trinity; triunity.


ceyaliztli

From ceya (“to want; agree to; consent”) + -liztli.

suffix

Voluntad razonable. cealiztli. cializtli. tlanquiliztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt. I, f. 118r. col. 2:

Reasonable will. cealiztli. cializtli. tlanquiliztli.


tlanequiliztli

head

tlanequiliztli inan (plural tlanequiliztli)

From tla- + nequi (“to want”) + -liztli.

Voluntad razonable. cealiztli. cializtli. tlanequiliztli.

Reasonable will. cealiztli. cializtli. tlanequiliztli.


mocnomacehual

second-person singular possessive singular of icnōmācēhualli; (he or she is) your humble servant.

second-person singular possessive plural of icnōmācēhualli; (they are) your humble servants.


telmatl

[ˈtéːɬmaːt͡ɬ]

first-person plural possessive singular of ēlmātlatl; (it is) our mesentry; the human mesentery.

ēlmātlatl

first-person plural possessive plural of ēlmātlatl; (they are) our mesenteries.


ellotl

ēllōtl (canonical inanimate)
ēllōtl (plural)

[ˈéːlːoːt͡ɬ]

Ellotl. diligencia.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 28v. col. 2:


cuauhchiquihuitl

cuauhchiquihuitl inan (plural cuauhchiquihuitl)

[kʷáʍt͡ʃiˈkíwit͡ɬ]

From cuahuitl (“wood”) + chiquihuitl (“a wicker basket”).

compound

Quauhchiquiuitl. chiquiuitl de tablas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 86v. col. 1:

Quauhchiquiuitl. a basket of wooden boards.


cuauhnexatl

cuauhnexātl (canonical inanimate)
cuauhnexātl (plural)

[kʷaʍˈnéʃaːt͡ɬ]

From cuauhnextli (“wood ashes”) + ātl (“water”).

Quauhnexatl. cierta beuida de mayz cozido.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 86v. col. 2:

Quauhnexatl. a certain beverage of boiled maize.

Beuida de mayz cozido. poçolatl. quauhnexatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 19v. col. 1:

A beverage of boiled maize. poçolatl. quauhnexatl.

(it is) a beverage of boiled maize and ashes.


pozolatl

pozolātl (canonical inanimate)
pozolātl (plural)

From pozoni (“for a pot to boil”) + ātl (“water”).

Poçol atl. beuida de mayz cozido.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 82v. col. 2:

(it is) a beverage of boiled or cooked maize.


elmatlatl

ēlmātlatl (canonical inanimate)
ēlmātlatl (plural)

[eːɬˈmáːt͡ɬat͡ɬ]

From ēlli (“the liver”) + mātlatl (“a net”).

Elmatlatl. el redaño.

Redaño. telmatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 102v. col. 2:


mexixin

Mexixin. maſtuerço.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 55v. col. 2:

Maſtuerço yerua conocida. mexixin. mexixquilitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 82v. col. 1:

The watercress, a well-known herb. mexixin. mexixquilitl.

(it is) an edible plant akin to the watercress.


mexixquilitl

From mexixin (“watercress”) + quilitl (“an edible plant”).

Mexixin. maſtuerço. / Mexixquilitl. idem.

Mexixin. a watercress. / Mexixquilitl. the same.


tlalocahuehuetqueh

head

tlālocāhuēhuetqueh or tlalocāhuēhuetqueh anim (plural only)

tlālocāhuēhuetqueh (canonical)
tlalocāhuēhuetqueh (animate canonical)

From Tlāloc (“Tlaloc”) + huēhuetqueh (“elders”).

compound

(they are) priests of the rain god Tlaloc and his tlālohqueh.


teahpaztli

From tetl (“stone”) + ahpaztli (“an earthen basin”).

Teapaztli. pila de piedra, o coſa ſemejante.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 55v. col. 2:

Teapaztli. a stone basin, or something similar to it.


necuatequiliztli

head

necuātēquiliztli inan (plural necuātēquiliztli)

necuātēquiliztli (canonical inanimate)
necuātēquiliztli (plural)

From cuātēquia (“to baptize someone”) + -liztli.

suffix

Bautiſmo, o baptiſmo. nequatequiliztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 19r. col. 1:

(Catholicism) (it is) the act of baptizing someone; a baptism.


necuatequilizteahpaztli

head

necuātēquilizteahpaztli inan (plural necuātēquilizteahpaztli)

necuātēquilizteahpaztli (canonical inanimate)
necuātēquilizteahpaztli (plural)

From necuātēquiliztli (“baptism”) + teahpaztli (“a stone basin”).

compound

Pila de baptizar. nequa atequilizteapaztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 96r. col. 1:

A baptismal font. nequa atequilizteapaztli.


mexixquillaxcalli

head

mexixquillaxcalli inan (plural mexixquillaxcalli)

From mexixquilitl (“watercress”) + tlaxcalli (“a tortilla”).

compound

(it is) a maize and watercress tortilla.


atetepeyotl

From atl (“water”) + a reduplicated form of tepetl (“hill”) + -yotl.

Ola grande. atetepeyotl. vey acueyotl.
A large wave. atetepeyotl. vey acueyotl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 90r. col. 2:


hueyi acueyotl

head

huēyi ācuēyōtl inan (plural huēyi ācuēyōtl)

huēyi ācuēyōtl (canonical inanimate)
huēyi ācuēyōtl (plural)

[wéːjaːˈkʷéːjoːt͡ɬ]

From huēyi (“something large”) + ācuēyōtl (“a wave”).


tlahuiztli

Indigenous thermal underwear, tlahuiztli.


quechquemitl

Indigenous quexquemetl, woman's clothing.


tlahcomiztli

→ English: cacomixl


ocelomichin

From ocelotl (“jaguar”) + michin (“fish”).

Jaguar fish, guapote fish (Parachromis managuensis)


xochitenacatl

Emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) [see Dickey & van Rossem (1930) Ibis 72 (1): 51.]

a green toucan or trogon from Mexico [see Cassin (1867) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 19: 124.]


cocoxcalli

cococxcalli (canonical inanimate)
cocoxcalli (plural)


Tochtepec

Spanish: Tuxtepec

place

Tuxtepec (the largest city in the modern state of Oaxaca, Mexico)


Huexotlah

Huejutla (the largest city in the modern state of Hidalgo, Mexico)


Tollantzinco

Tulancingo (the largest city in the modern state of Hidalgo, Mexico)


Cuauhtlah

Cuauhtla (the largest city in the modern state of Morelos, Mexico)


Pachyohcan

Pachuca (the largest city in the modern state of Hidalgo, Mexico)


acachichictli

western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis).


tlemolli

Equivalent to tletl (“fire”) + molli (“mole”).


teocintli

Equivalent to teotl (“divine”) + cintli (“corn”).


Tizayohcan

Tizayuca (the largest city in the modern state of Hidalgo, Mexico)


Comalcalco

Comalcalco (the largest city in the modern state of Tabasco, Mexico)


Tochtlah

Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Tuxtla Gutiérrez#English

Tuxtla Gutiérrez (the largest city in the modern state of Chiapas, Mexico)


Chalchiuhcuecan

Veracruz City (the largest city in the modern state of Veracruz, Mexico)


Atemaxac

Guadalajara (the largest city in the modern state of Jalisco, Mexico)


Itzmiquilpan

Ixmiquilpan (the largest city in the modern state of Hidalgo, Mexico)


Mazatlan

Mazatlán (the largest city in the modern state of Sinaloa, Mexico)


Colhuahcan

Culiacán (the largest city in the modern state of Sinaloa, Mexico)


ocelometl

Agave americana
Agave americana#Translingual


tlacametl

Equivalent to tlacatl (“man”) + metl (“century plant”).


tlapaloctli

Equivalent to tlapalli (“dye”) + octli (“wine”).


cuepcayotl

From cuepca (“return”) + -yotl (“suffix creating abstract nouns”).


cuezcomatl

Spanish: coscomate

a large earthen vessel used to store grain


miltomatl

green tomato, tomatillo, (Physalis philadelphica).


judiotlacatl

From Spanish judío (“Jew”) + tlacatl (“person”).

af

Iudio. judio tlacatl. judio oquichtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144v:


mazacoatl

→ Spanish: mazacuata


Altepetl Mexihco

Mexico City (the capital and largest city of the modern Mexico).


tlacahuilotl

Columba palumbus
Columba palumbus#Translingual


matlalin

Tradescantia zebrina
Tradescantia zebrina#Translingual


xalcanauhtli

Anas americana
Anas americana#Translingual


xomotl

Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi).


zolcanauhtli

American duck (Cairina moschata sylvestris).


yacapatlahuatl

Spatula clypeata
Spatula clypeata#Translingual


cuetlaxochitl

cuetlauh (“wither”) + xochitl (“flower”)


cihuatlahtoani

From cihuatl (“woman”) + tlahtoani (“one who says things, ruler”).


torazno

From Spanish durazno, from Latin dūracinus.


apipiyollotl

From atl (“water”) + pipiyolin (“bee”) + -yotl (“abstract”).


Cholollan

Cholula (an of the modern in the state of Puebla, Mexico).


Tzapopan

Zapopan (the largest city in the modern state of Jalisco, Mexico)


cacatl

Rhinella marina
Rhinella marina#Translingual


chipilin

Spanish: chípil, chipilín

Perennial herbaceous plant whose leaves are edible when cooked. The root, small and bitter, was used as a remedy for infections.


cihuatlamacazqui

From cihuatl (“woman”) + tlamacazqui (“priest”).


tlamacazqui

From tla- (“thing, things”) + -macaci (“fear, revere, respect”) + -qui (“forming agent nouns, -er”).


tlenamacac

From tletl (“fire”) + -namacac (“seller, provider, trader”).

suffix

A "fire priest", one of the high priests of the Aztec religion charged with conducting human sacrifice


Ehecatepec

Santa María Ecatepec
Santa María Ecatepec


Callifornia

1649, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaracion de los adverbios della:


teponaztzatzaztli

head

teponāztzatzaztli inan (plural teponāztzatzaztli)

teponāztzatzaztli (canonical inanimate)
teponāztzatzaztli (plural)

From teponāztli (“drum”) + tzatzaztli (“support”).


teponazoh

teponāzoh (animate canonical)
teponāzohqueh (plural)

Teponaço. tañedor de teponaztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 103r. col. 2:

Tepunaço. el que tañe tepunaztli.

1571, “Alonso de Molina”, in Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 103v. col. 1:

(it is) a teponāztli player; one who plays the drums


teponazoani

teponāzoāni (animate canonical)
teponāzoāni (plural)

From teponāzoa (“play the drums”) + -ni (“habitual suffix”).

af

Teponaçoani. tañedor de teponaztli.

Tepunaçoani. tañedor de tepunaztli.


teponazoa

teponāzoa (canonical)
teponāzoh (preterite)

Teponaçoa. ni. tañer teponaztli

Tepunaçoa. ni. tañer tepunaztli

(intransitive) to play the teponaztli; to play the drums

(transitive) (tla-) to play something like a drum


teponazoa

teponāzoa (canonical)
oninoteponāzoh (preterite)
omoteponāzoh (preterite)

Teponaçoa. nino. hincharſe come hidropico

Teponaçoa. nino. to swell like a dropsical

Tepunaçoa. mo. yrſe hinchando, o yr creciendo

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 103v. col. 1:

Tepunaçoa. mo. to keep on swelling, or growing


-huia

instrumental verbal suffix, usually appended to nouns to create verbs; transitive counterpart of -ohua

honorific verbal suffix of transitive verbs ending in -oa


teponazohqueh

plural of teponāzoh; (they are) teponaztli players.


-ticpac

(added to nouns) A locative suffix meaning above, over, on top of; often but not exclusively found with place names. Essentially -icpac with the -ti ligature


-icpac

(added to nouns) A locative suffix meaning above, over, on top of often but not exclusively found with place names.


cemanahuac

Cemanauac. el mundo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Pt2, f. 15v. col. 2:


xocolia

xococ (“sour”) + -lia (applicative verb suffix).

suffix

(transitive) to make (something) sour or bitter.


tonalamatl

AQUI COMIENÇA La Arte adiuinatoria que usaban los Mexicanos en tiempo de su ydolatria llamada: Tonalamatl. que quiere dezir libro en que trata de las venturas y fortunas delos que nacen segun los signos o caracteres en que Nacen.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Arte adivinatoria de los mexicanos, f. 101r:

Here begins the divinatory art of the Aztecs used in their time of idolatry, called tonalamatl, which means "book that deals with the fates and fortunes of those born according to the signs or characters in which they are born."

(it is) a pictorial calendrical manuscript used for divination, structured around the sacred tōnalpōhualli.


calmecatl

From calli (“house”) + mecatl (“lineage”).


coatlan tonan

From cōātlān (“in the place of snakes”) + tonān (“our mother”).

af

Los officiales delas flores q́ se llaman xochimanque hazian fieſta a su diosa llamada coatlycue, y por otro nóbre coatlantona.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 88v:

The officials of the flowers called xochimanque celebrated a goddess of theirs called Coatlicue, and by another name Coatlantonan.

(mythology) (she is) Our Mother from the Place of Snakes, an appellation of the goddess Coatlicue.


xochimanqueh

From xōchimana (“to make a floral offering”).

(religion) (they are) presenters of floral offerings, celebrants of rites to the goddess Coatlicue.


chiyampinolli

From chiyan (“chia”) + pinolli (“pinole”).

luego muy de manána les dabá a beber cierta bebida llamada chiápinolli, y cada vno bebia quáto q́ria […]

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 90r:

then, early in the morning, they gave them to drink a certain drink called chiyanpinolli, and each one drank as much as he wanted […]

(it is) a beverage made from pinole and chia.


xilonen

From xīlōtl (“tender ear of maize”). The second element could correspond to nenetl (“doll, figurine”) through apocopation, or to a form of nemi (“to live”).

Octauo mes delos mexⁿᵒˢ llamado: Hueytecuhilhuitl, enq́ hazian fiesta ala Diosa llamada: xilonen, diosa delos xilotes.

Eigth month of the Mexicans, called Hueytecuhilhuitl, in which they celebrated the goddess called Xilonen, goddess of unripe ears of maize.

(religion) (she is) Doll of Unripe Maize, goddess of tender, unripe maize, an appellation of Chicomecoatl.


hueyi tecuilhuitl

From huēyi (“something great, large”) + tēuctli (“lord”) + ilhuitl (“feast,day of celebration”), literally “Great Feast of Lords”.

(it is) the eighth of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to agricultural deities such as Xīlōnen.


tecuilhuitontli

From tēuctli (“lord”) + ilhuitl (“feast, day of celebration”) + -tōn (“something small”), literally “Minor Feast of Lords”.

suffix

Septimo mes delos Mexicanos llamado: Tecuhilhuitontli, enq́ hazian fiesta ala diosa dela sal, llamada: huixtocihuatl.

Seventh month of the Mexicans, called Tecuilhuitontli, in which they celebrated the goddess of salt, called Huixtocihuatl.

(it is) the seventh of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the Huīxtohcihuātl, goddess of salt and salt water.


huixtohcihuatl

From huīxtohtli (“Olmec”) + cihuātl (“woman”).

af

(mythology) (she is) the Olmec Woman, goddess of salt, saters and salt merchants.


tozoztontli

From tōzōztli (“vigil”) + -tōn (“something small”).

suffix

Tercero Mes delos Mexicanos llamado: teçoztontli, en el qual haziá fiesta al dios llamado Tlaloc, q́ es el dios delas pluuias.

Third month of the Mexicans, called teçoztontli, in which they celebrated the god called Tlaloc, who is god of rain.

(it is) the third of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the rain god Tlāloc.


tepeilhuitl

From tepētl (“mountain”) + ilhuitl (“feast, day of celebration”).

af

Decimo tercio mes de los Mex.ⁿᵒˢ llamado tepeilhuitl, enel qual hazian fiesta a honrra delos montes mas eminentes.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 88r:

Thirteenth month of the Mexicans, called tepeilhuitl, in which the had celebrations in honor of the most important mountains.

(it is) the thirteenth of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to honoring important mountains.


hueyi tozoztli

From huēyi (“something great, large”) + tōzōztli (“eve”).

Quarto mes delos Mexicanos llamado: Hueytoçoztli, enque hazian fiesta al dios llamado cinteotl, Dios delos maizes.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 89r:

Fourth month of the Mexicans, called hueytoçoztli, in which they celebrated the god called Cinteotl, god of maize plants.

(it is) the fourth of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the maize god Cintēōtl.


tlacaxipehualiztli

From tlācatl (“man, person”) + xīpēhualiztli (“flaying”).

Segundo mes deel año delos Mexicanos llamado: Tlacaxipehualiztli, haziá fiesta al Dios llamado: Totec /o Xipe.

Second month of the year of the Mexicans, called tlacaxipehualiztli. They celebrated the god called Totec or Xipe.

(it is) the second of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the god Xīpe Totēc.


panquetzaliztli

From panquetza (“to raise banners”) + -liztli.

suffix

(it is) a raising or planting of banners, especially as boundary markers.

Decimoquinto Mes delos mexⁿᵒˢ. llamado: Panquetzaliztli. enel q́l haziá fiesta al dios dela guerra llamado Huitzilopochtli.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 92v:

Fifteenth month of the Mexicans, called panquetzaliztli, in which they celebrated the god of war called Huitzilopochtli.

(it is) the fifteenth of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the tutelary deity Huītzilōpōchtli.


etzalcualiztli

From etzalli (“beans and cooked maize”) + cua (“to eat”) + -liztli.

af

(it is) the eating of beans and cooked maize.

Sexto Mes delos Mexicanos llamado: etzalqualiztli enque hazian fiesta alos Dioses dela pluuia llamados: Tlaloque.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 89v:

Sixth month of the Mexicans called etzalqualiztli, in which they celebrated the rain gods called tlaloque.

(it is) the sixth of the eighteen veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the tlālohqueh.


ochpaniztli

From ochpāna (“to sweep”), as brooms and sweeping featured prominently in the purification rituals associated with this veintena.

Vndecimo Mes delos mexⁿᵒˢ llamado: Ochpaniztli, enq́ hazian fiesta ala madre delos dioses llamada: Teteo innan/, o tocih, nŕa abuela.

1585, Bernardino de Sahagún, Kalendario mexicano, latino y castellano, f. 91r:

Eleventh month of the Mexicans, called Ochpaniztli, in which they celebrated the mother of the gods, called Teteoh Innan, or Tocih, “our grandmother”.

Teteoh Innan
teteoh innan#Classical_Nahuatl

(it is) the eleventh of the eighteen veintenas (20-day periods) of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the chthonic mother goddess Teteoh Innan.


xocotl huetzi

From xocotl + huetzi, literally “(the) jocote falls”, as this fruit often ripened and fell during this veintena.

Decimo mes delos mexⁿᵒˢ llamado: Xocotlhuetzi. enq́ hazián fiesta al dios deel fuego llamado: Xiuhtecuhtli /o ixcoçauhqui.

Tenth month of the Mexicans, called xocotl huetzi, in which they celebrated the fire god called Xiuhteuctli or Ixcozauhqui.

(it is) the tenth of eighteen veintenas (20-day periods) of the xiuhpōhualli, dedicated to the fire god Xiuhtēuctli.


cinteotl

From cintli (“maize”) + teōtl (“deity, god”).


tlalaalatlah

Tlala alatla.maluar.ſ.el lugar donde ſe crian.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 124r:

Tlala alatla. a field of mallows, the place where they grow.

(in) a place abundant in mallows, a field of mallows.


huixachin

From huitztli (“thorn”) + ixachi (“a lot, great in quantity”)


ahuictli

From ātl (“water”) + huictli (“digging stick”)


xiuhhuitzolli

a turquoise diadem worn by the tlatoani of the Aztec Empire, symbolizing autonomous kingship


toxiuhmolpilia

the New Fire ceremony, a festival performed every fifty-two years


chinampan

From chināmitl (“cane fence”) + -pan (“on”)


iztaya

(intransitive) To become white (like salt)


tlapoyahua

(impersonal) To become night, for night to fall


poztequi

(of bones and sticks) To become broken, break


petlani

(of a surface) To glisten, shine, sparkle


tlapetlani

(impersonal) (of lighting) To flash, to lightning


chalani

(of an instrument or voice) To be out of tune


tecocoa

From tē- (“someone, people”) + cocoya (“to be sick”) + -a.


polihui

(intransitive) to become lost or destroyed


choloa

(intransitive) to flee, escape, bound away


tozoa

(intransitive) to keep vigil, remain awake


ihyelli

From ihyāya (“to stink”) + -lli, with the /a/ raised to /e/


amo-

calli (“house”) → amocal (“your (pl.) house”)

(personal prefix, possessive) Used to form the second-person plural possessive of nouns: your (pl)