alo

Papagayo grãde. alo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 188r:

Alo. papagayo grande.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 4r. col. 1:


rosa

Flor o roſa de caſtilla. caſtillan xuchitl. Roſa.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


nix

first-person singular possessive singular of īxtli; (it is) my eye.

first-person singular possessive plural of īxtli; (they are) my eyes.


nel

first-person singular possessive singular of ēlli; (it is) my liver.


vino

Borrowed from Spanish vino, from Latin vinum.

wine (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%)


azcatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: axkaneli

Central Nahuatl: askatl, azcatl

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: askatl

Compare Highland Puebla Nahuatl a̱scat, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl ascatl.


huehxolotl

head

huehxolotl (animate, plural huehxolomeh or huehuehxoloh)

huehxolomeh (plural)
huehuehxoloh (plural)
huexolotl (alternative)
uexolotl (alternative)
huehxolotl (alternative)

Central Nahuatl: huexolotl

Spanish: guajolote

Gallo. uexolotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 128v:


oztotl

Cauerna cueua. oztotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 46v:


eztli

Sangre. eztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 221r:


milli

Central Nahuatl: milli

Mecayapan Nahuatl: mi̱jli

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: mili̱


padre

Borrowed from Spanish padre (“father, priest”), from Latin pater.


mel

second-person singular possessive singular of ēlli; (it is) your liver.


tata

Perhaps imitative, though compare tahtli (“father”) and Spanish taita (“dad”).

Taita. padre delos niños. tata.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 111v. col. 1:

Tata. from tayta, father, says the child.

Idem, f. 91r. col. 1. Tata. por tayta,padre [dize el niño.]

A child's word for his father; dad, daddy.


axolotl

→ English: axolotl

→ Dutch: axolotl

→ French: axolotl m

→ Spanish: ajolote m

[aː.ˈʃóː.loːt͡ɬ]

Generally interpreted to be a compound of ātl (“water”) + xōlōtl (“male servant”).
Alternatively, the second element may be cognate with Huichol xiurí (“axolotl”). The compounding with ātl (“water”) may have originated as a disambiguation from several unrelated quasi-homonyms, such as xōlōtl (“male servant”) or Xolotl (“Xolotl”, a god).

yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli.

And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, dragonfly, larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects


ahtlatl

According to Andrews (2003), ah- ("not") + tlatl ("strip of cloth"), i.e. "a non-sling".

an atlatl, a spearthrower; a combined spearthrower and spear / dart


mix

second-person singular possessive singular of īxtli; (it is) your eye.

second-person singular possessive plural of īxtli; (they are) your eyes.


firma

1586: testimony of Don Juan
auh yn don diego de velasco ynic quineltilia huel ymatica quitlalia yn ifirma yhuã ytoca
But to verify it don Diego de Velasco with his very own hand places here his signature and name.-

1645: sale of house and land by Agustín de Santiago to Juan Gómez Monteagudo, Spaniard, and wife
ypanpa nican nictlallia nofirma

1720: confirmation of the status of fields belonging to Santa Elena
ca nican tictlalia yn tofirma


chilli

chīlli (canonical inanimate)
chīlli (plural)

Spanish: chile

desc

English: chili, chile, chilli, chilly, chile, chilli, chilly

A xi pimienta dela tierra. chilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 30r:

A chili, a pepper from the land. chilli.

Axi o pimienta deſta tierra. chilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 17v. col. 2:

Chili, or pepper from this land. chilli.

Idem, f. 21r. col. 1.

Chilli. a chili, or pepper from the Indies.


chocolatl

Central Nahuatl: chocolatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: chokolatl

→ Spanish: chocolate (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain. Popularly accepted **xocolātl, through xocolia (“to make sour”) + ātl (“water”), literally “to make the water sour”, ultimately from xococ (“sour”) + ātl (“water”), the substitution of /tʃ/ for /ʃ/ not being uncommon.

compound

A drink with pulverized toasted cacao beans and water, described as cold and foamy. Sometimes fermented and sometimes as a thick drink. It can include a variety of additional ingredients (chili, bee honey, pochotl seeds, pulverized maize corn, vanilla seeds, and many others).


tamalli

Spanish: tamal

English: tamal, tamale

Pan de maiz cozido en ollas. tamalli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 92r. col. 1:

Maize bread cooked inside pots. tamalli.

Idem, f. 90v. col. 2.
Tamalli. pan de mayz embuelto en hojas y cozi / do en olla.
Tamalli. maize bread wrapped in corn husks and cooked in a pot.

(it is) a small cake of cornmeal dough that is cooked and served in a corn husk wrapping; a tamale


tel

first-person plural possessive singular of ēlli; (it is) our liver; the human liver.

first-person plural possessive plural of ēlli; (they are) our livers.


nahuatl

nāhuatl (canonical)
nauatl (alternative)

→ Spanish: nahua, náhuatl

→ English: Nahuatl

Claro en ſonido. tzilictic. nauatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 47r:

Having a clear sound. tzilictic. nauatl.

Nauatl. coſa que ſuena bien,aſi como campana / &c.o hombre ladino.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 63v. col. 2:

Nauatl. something producing a pleasant sound; like a bell, etc. or, also. a sly man.

(it is) something having a clear and pleasant sound.


achtontli

Viſauelo. achtontli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 244r:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r. yn huehuetque yllamatque. catca yn tocihuan tocolhuan yn tachtõhuan yn tomintonhuan yn topiptonhuã yn tochichicahuan (those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great grandparents, great-grandmothers, our forefathers)


iel

third-person singular possessive singular of ēlli; (it is) his, her or its liver.


semana

Borrowed from Spanish semana, from Late Latin septimana.

17C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 1r.

(divided into each of the days with which a week is completed.)

tlaxexelolli yn ipan cecemilhuitl ynic ontlanj. ce semana.


calli

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: kali

Central Nahuatl: calli

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kaliR.

Caſa. calli.techan.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 45v:

Caſa. calli. techan.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 25r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 11v. col. 1.

Calli. a house, or small wooden or cane tongs used to eat maize that has toasted on embers.

Calli. caſa, o tenazuelas de palo o de caña para / comer mayz toſtado enel reſcoldo.

(it is) an enclosed habitational space, a house or room

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.
chico açe cale / q̃ quiere dezir / seis casas.
chico açe cale. [sic] which means “six houses”.

(it is) the third day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, a stylized one-room house


calli

Calli. caſa, o tenazuelas de palo o de caña para / comer mayz toſtado enel reſcoldo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 11v. col. 1:

Wooden or cane tongs used to eat toasted maize.


cuitlatl

From Proto-Nahuan *kʷitlatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kwitaC-ta.

[f. 119r] Eſtiercol. cuitlatl.xixtli.nemanauilli.tlailli.
[f. 171v] Mierda. cuitlatl.nemanauilli.tlayelli.tlailli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:


itzcuintli

itzcuintin (plural)
izcuintli (alternative)
ytzcuintli (alternative)

Central Nahuatl: izcuintli, itzkuintli

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: itskuinti

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: itskuintli

Spanish: escuincle

Perro o perra. chichi. ytzcuintli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 194v:

Perro o perra. chichi. ytzcuintli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 95r. col. 2:

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.
ma tlac tli Vn ey / iz cuintlj. q quiere / dezir. treze perrillos.
ma tlac tli Vn ey iz cuintlj. which means “thirteen small dogs”.

the tenth day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli, corresponding to this animal


iglesia

iglesia (plural)
yglesia (alternative)
ygrecia (alternative)
ylecia (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish iglesia (“church”), from Old Spanish eglesia, from Vulgar Latin eclesia, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “assembly”).

der

(colonial, Christianity) (it is) a church.


iglesia

iglesias (plural)
yglesia (alternative)
ygrecia (alternative)
ylecia (alternative)


sacerdote

Tenonotzaloni, inic yehuatl ſacerdote quinonotza ymmoyolcuitiznequi.

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breue, en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


ima

third-person singular possessed form of maitl (his/her/its hand)


señora

1570: testimony of don Juan de Guzmán
yhuan oncan cate Eyntin señoratin

and there were three Spanish women there


chichi

Spanish: chichi

Perro o perra. chichi. ytzcuintli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 194v:

Perro o perra. chichi. ytzcuintli.
(Dog or bitch. chichi. ytzcuintli.)

Chichi.perro,o perra.
(Chichi. a dog or a bitch.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 19v. col. 2:


alcalde

Alcalde. lo miſmo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 14r:

A municipal judge or member of the cabildo.


tlachtli

(it is) a ritual sport in which two teams of players strike a solid rubber ball with the hips within a masonry ballcourt.

(it is) a ballcourt for the ritual practice of this sport.


pochtecatl

pōchtēcatl (animate canonical)
pōchtēcah (plural)
puchtecatl (alternative)

Mercader que vende. puchtecatl.tlanamacani.tiamicqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 169v:

In qualli puchtecatl, tlaotlatoctiani, tlanênemitiani, çan tlaipantiliani, tlanamictiani,

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 12

(The good merchant [is] a follower of the routes, a traveler [with merchandise; he is] one who sets correct prices, who gives equal value.)

enbaxador. ynteuhctitlan yn huey tlahtohuani emperador jabon. tlamatca yeliztli paz. quichihuaco. yn inhuicpa christianosme … ynic huel callaquizque. españoles. mercaderes. pochteca. yn õpa Jabon.

(an ambassador, from the court of the great ruler the emperor in Japan, came to make peace with the Christians, ... so that the Spanish merchants will be able to enter Japan)


puñal

Borrowed from Spanish puñal, from Vulgar Latin *pūgnālis, based on Latin pūgnus (“fist”). Or a shortening of older cuchillo (“knife”) puñal, deriving from the above word and meaning as big as a fist. Compare Portuguese punhal, Catalan punyal, Italian pugnale, French poignard.

Puñal arma vſada.lo miſmo. vel,tepuz teixiliuani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 205r:

A dagger, a widely used weapon. the same, or tepuz teixiliuani.

Puñal,arma vſada. lo meſmo. vel. tepuzteixiliuani.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 100r. col. 1:

A dagger, a widely used weapon. the same, or tepuzteixiliuani.


letra

in jntlatolpan, vnca in letra. R.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10


elli

ēlli (canonical inanimate)
ēlli (plural)

Elli. el hígado.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 1, f. 28v. col. 2:

Higado. eltapachtli. teltepach. elli. tel.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 71r. col. 1:

The liver. eltapachtli. teltepach. elli. tel.


tlantli

Diente. tlantli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:


cacalotl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: kakalotl

Central Nahuatl: cacalotl

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: kakalot

Morelos Nahuatl: kakalotl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: cöcölutl

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: cacalotl

Cueruo. cacali. cacalotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 59v:


tlenenepilli

Llama de huego. tlemiyauatl. tlecueçallotl. tlenenepilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


innan

third-person plural possessive singular of nāntli; (she is) their mother.


tlalticpactli

tlālticpactli (canonical)
tlalhticpactli (alternative)

From tlalli (“earth, dirt”) + -ticpac (“top”) + -tli (“absolutive suffix”).


tepetl

tepētl (animate canonical)
tētepeh (plural)
tepēmeh (plural)

Monte. tepetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 175r:

Cerro o ſierra. tepetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 34v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 86v. col. 1.

Idem, f. 109r. col. 1.

A mountain or a high mountain. tepetl. / Mountains. tepeme. tetepe.

Sierra o monte alto . tepetl. / Sierras. tepeme. tetepe.

Idem, f. 102v. col. 1.
Tepeme. ſierras. […] / Tepetl ſierra.
Tepeme. mountains. […] / Tepetl. a mountain

Idem, f. 107. col. 2.


teocuitlatl

teōcuitlatl (canonical)
teocuytlatl (alternative)

From teōtl (“god”) + cuitlatl (“excrement”).


teopixqui

teopixqueh (plural)
teopixq̓ (alternative)
teupixqui (alternative)
theopixqui (alternative)
teōpixquè (alternative)

From teotl (“god”) + piya (“guard”) + -qui (“forming agent nouns, -er”).

compound

Nicã ompeua yn neyolmelaualoni, yn amo veyac yn çã tepiton, yn oq̓motlalili oquimotecpanili yn padre fray Alonſo de Molina ſ. Frãciſco teopixq̓ ynipã nauatlatolli oq̓mocuepili.

Teopixqui. eccleſiaſtico,clerigo,oreligioſo.
(Teopixqui. a churchman, clergyman or religious man.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 101r. col. 1:

In oquimotecpanili padre fray Ioã Baptiſta ſanct Franciſco teupixqui, nican ipan tlahtoca altepetl Tetzcuco.

1599, Ioan Baptista, Confesionario en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:

1645: Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios, ed. by James Lockhart (2001)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

catotequiuh in tèhuāntin titeōpixquè, inīc īpan titlàtōzquè in īteōyōtzin Totēcuiyo Dios. A nuestro cargo de los que somos Sacerdotes està, el mirar, y cuydar de lo que toca à Dios, y al culto diuino;


tecolotl

tecolōtl (canonical)
tecolutl (alternative)

→ Spanish: tecolote

Buho. tecolutl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

Otimotetzâhui iniquac tzatzi intecolotl, in chiquâtli?
Tuviſte por aguero, que el buho, ò lechuza gritaſſe?

1673, Augustin de Vetancurt, Arte de lengua mexicana:


valido

quitoa yn tetzcoca oncanin yn mic vemac yni tollan huallehuac ynin tlatolli amo valido ica omito yn ineltilizyo ytolloca

(The Tetzoca say that Huemac, the one who fled Tollan, died at this time. That story is not valid, according to what was said—the narrative about it, the truth about it.)


cualli

cualtin (plural)
qualli (alternative)
qualhtin (alternative)


ixpopoyotl

īxpopoyōtl (canonical)
yxpopoyutl (alternative)

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

Yxpopoyutl, ciego; nixpopoyutl, yo soy ciego.


tlaxcalli

Torta. tlaxcalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 236v:

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 145v. col. 2:

Pã generalmente. tlaxcalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 187v:

Pan generalmente. tlaxcalli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 92r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 145v. col. 2.
Tlaxcalli. tortillas de mayz, o pan generalmente.
Tlaxcalli. maize tortillas, or bread in general.


amatl

Central Nahuatl: amatl

→ Spanish: amate

From Proto-Nahuan *aamatl (“a kind of fig tree; paper”).

inh

amatl, papel, ymamauh, el papel de aquellos.


huilotl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: uilotl

Central Nahuatl: huilotl

Mecayapan Nahuatl: hui̱lo̱'

Orizaba Nahuatl: wilotl

Spanish: huilota

Paloma aue conocida. uilotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 187v:


icxitl

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kapsi-ta (“thigh”).

icxitl, pie, nocxi, mi pie.

1547, Andrés de Olmos, edited by Rémi Siméon, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, published 1875:


iyetl

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
auh no yehuan quitemaca ... in xochitl, in iyetl, ...

Yetl, çahumerio, niyeuh, mi tal çahumerio.


ichcueitl

ichcuēitl (canonical)
ychcueitl (alternative)

Ychcueitl, naguas de muger, nichcue, vel nochcue, mis naguas.


neuctli

necti (alternative)
nectli̱ (alternative)


nantli

nāntli (animate canonical)
nāntin (plural)

tahtli

antonym(s) of “mother, with regards to gender”

conētl

antonym(s) of “mother, with regards to ancestry”

Madre. nantli.tenantzin.teciztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 160:

Madre. nantli. tenantzin.teciztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 80r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 63r. col. 1.

Madre do concibe la muger. ciuayotl.tlacatcayotl.nantli. / Madre enlos otros animales. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nãtli

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 160r:

The womb, where a woman conceives. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nantli. / The womb of other animals. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nãtli.

Madre do concibe la muger. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. / nantli. / Madre en los otros animales. ciuayotl. tlacatca- / yotl.nantli.

The womb, where a woman conceives. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nantli. / The womb of other animals. ciuayotl. tlacatcayotl. nantli.


tahtli

Perhaps ultimately imitative. Compare tata (“dad”).

padre. tatli.teta.yzcacauhtli.teizcacauh.tetatzin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 187r:

A father. tatli. teta. yzcacauhtli. teizcacauh. tetatzin.


mahuiztic

māhuiztic (canonical)
maviztik (alternative)


ipalnemohuani

īpalnemohuani (canonical)
ypalhnemoani (alternative)
Ipal-Nemohuani (alternative)

ipal "by his/her/its/their grace" + nemohuani "everyone habitually lives", from nemohua "everyone lives", from nemi "he/she/it/they live"

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana
Nopilhtze, nocuzque, noquetzale, otiyol, otitlacat, otimotlalhticpacquixtico; in ytlalhticpac in totecuyo omitzyocux, omtizpic, omitztlacatili in ypalhnemoani in Dios.


teuctli

head

tēuctli (plural tētēuctin, possessed -tēcuiyō)

tēuctli (canonical)
tētēuctin (plural)
tecuhtli (alternative)
tecutli (alternative)
teuhctli (alternative)
teuhtli (alternative)

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
Totecuyoané, tlatoqueé, tlazotitlacaé, oanquimihiyohuiltique...

SEñor Teuhtli

1611, Pedro de Arenas, Vocabulario manual de las lenguas Castellana y Mexicana, published 1793:


tomatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: tomatl

→ Spanish: tomate (see there for further descendants)


xitomatl

Central Nahuatl: xihtomatl

Spanish: jitomate

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24v
Auh ca nohuian quihualtocatiaque yn tlalli. auh yn quihualquitiaque. yn intech monequia. nacatl yn tonacayotl. yhuã yn etl. huauhtli. chian yhuan chilli. xitomatl.

And everywhere they sowed seeds in the soil, and they ate what they needed: meat and the products of the land [like] corn, beans, amaranth, chia, chilis, and tomatoes.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual


tocaitl

Nombre. tocaitl. tetocayotiloni.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


tochtli

tōchtli (animate canonical)
tōtōchtin (plural)

Central Nahuatl: tochtli

Morelos Nahuatl: tochtle

Pipil: tuchti

Andrews suggests a connection with totoca (“to run fast”).

Conejo. tochtli. tochin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 51r:

Conejo. tochtli. tochin.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 28v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 148. col. 2.

onca:ncanaía, tepe Zolime, totochtin, cuauhtotolim, [etc.]

There were patridges, rabbits, fowl, [etc.]

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 22r
ca maçatl. tochtli. tequani. cohuatl. tototl. yn quiminaya.

With their arrows they shot deer, rabbits, fierce animals, snakes, and birds.

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r.
matla tli uçe toch / tli q quire dezir / onze conejos.
matla tli uçe tochtli. which means “eleven rabbits”.

The eighth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by this animal.


tlamanitiliztli

Auh cuix ye tehuantin, toconitlacozque in huehue tlamanitiliztli?

And now as for us, shall we destroy the ancient way of life?


cacahuatl

Spanish: cacahuate, cacahuete

desc

Aragonese: cascagüet, calcagüet, cacagüet

Asturian: cacagüés

Basque: kakahuete

Catalan: cacauet

French: cacahuète

Luxembourgish: Kakuett

Galician: cacahuete

Spanish: cacao (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Nahuan *kakawatl, ultimately a borrowing from Proto-Mixe-Zoque *kakawa + -tl (absolutive noun suffix). Compare Yucatec Maya kakaw.


atl tepetl

From ātl + tepētl, literally (“water”) and (“hill”), referring to the land and water, both necessary for human establishment. See also āltepētl.

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
...ca oancommopachilhuic in amatzin amotepetzin.

Indeed you have come here to govern your city.


michin

mīmichtin (plural)
michtli (alternative)

Peſcado generalmente. atlannemi.atlan chane. / Peſcado propiamẽte. michin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f:

A fish in general. atlannemi. atlan chane. / A fish, properly said. michin.

Peſcado, generalmente . atlannemini.atlan chane. / Peſcado. propiamente. michin.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 95v. col. 1:

A fish in general. atlannemini. atlan chane. / A fish, properly said. michin.

Idem, f. 56r. col. 1.

17C: Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r


tomahuactlacopahtli

From tomāhuac (“something fat, thick”) + tlacōpahtli (“pipewort Aristolochia anguicida”).

compound

Any of species Aristolochia foetida of Dutchman's pipes, often used as a medicinal plant.


pintura

17C: Chimalpahin, Descent of the Kings of Culhuacan and Tenochtitlan
ynin tlahtolli ytech tlaquixtilli yn bintula quimocahuilitiuh Don Alonso ximenez culhuacan chane


nenepilli

Lengua generalmente. nenepilli.
Lengua de buey yerua. lo meſmo.
Lengua de cieruo yerua. lo meſmo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:


mahpilli

Mecayapan Nahuatl: májpil


cuahuitl

cuahuitl (plural)
quahuitl (alternative)
quauitl (alternative)

Arbol generalmente. quauitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 22v:

(it is) a shrub; tree or other woody plant.

Madera. quauitl.
Madero. quauitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 160r:


ahuitzotl

From atl (“water”) + huitzotl (“porcupine”).


techan

impersonal possessive singular of chāntli; (at) one's home; (in) one's homeland.


cualnemiliztli

cualli "good" + nemiliztli "way of life"


huacax

From Spanish vacas (“cows”), from Latin vacca.


tlequiquiztli

From tletl (“fire”) + quiquiztli (“trumpet”).

Artilleria tiros. tlequiquiztli.


tletl

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tahi. Cognate with Mayo tajji, Yaqui taji, Cora taíj and Huichol tái.

Huego generalmente. tletl.


tecuani

tēcuāni (canonical)
tēcuānimeh (plural)
tequani (alternative)

Compare Highland Puebla Nahuatl te̱cua̱ni (“dangerous animal; coyote”), Northern Puebla Nahuatl tecuani (“jaguar”), Tetelcingo Nahuatl tiecuöni̱ (“dangerous animal”). Literally te- cua -ni "one [who] eats people".

cog

Beſtia fiera. tequani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 32v:

onca:ncamaía, tepe Zolime, totochtin, cuahtotolim, Mazame, oze lome, cuamíztin, tecuanímê
(There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 22r camo çan quexquich yn ompa onoque yn ompa tlapia yn tequanime yn cuecuetlachtin. yn ocelome. yn mimiztin yn cocohua (Countless fierce animals were there; bears, jaguars, mountain lions, snakes were on guard.)

Cruel perſona. cocole.tlauele.& per metaphoram. tequani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, 58r:


altepetl

A contraction of ātl tepētl, compound of ātl (“water”) + tepētl (“hill”), two constituents perceived as being essential for life.
The compound is odd in retaining the l of ātl; the expected compound would be *ātepētl.

(inanimate, not pluralized) altepetl; a town or city.

17C: Chimalpahin, Record of the Arrival of the Mexica Azteca When They Came Here to Mexico Tenochtitlan
oncan ynpan acico yn chicuey altepeme macehualtin oncan chanonoque yn culhuacan
(They there arrived among the people of the eight altepetl domiciled in Culhuacan)

(animate, pluralized) The people of an altepetl.


cahuallo

cahuāllo (canonical)
cahuāllotin (plural)
caballo (alternative)
cahualloh (alternative)
cahuayo (alternative)
cauallo (alternative)
cavallo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.

los cavallos- in cahuayotí ... al cavallo in cahuallo


mixtli

Compare Morelos Nahuatl mextle, Tetelcingo Nahuatl mextli̱, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl mixtli.

Nuue. mixtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 182r:


cipactli

(it is) an unspecified, mythological reptilian animal, hence sometimes translated as dragon; akin to an alligator or caiman.

16th c.: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11r.
nau ci pac tl. qúe / es. Vna cosa biba / q anda en agu / como. ser pezilla.

nau cipactl. [sic] which is a living, aquatic snakelike creature”.

(it is) the first of the twenty day signs of the tōnalpōhualli; the disembodied head of this mythical animal.


ehecatl

ehēcatl (canonical)
eecatl (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: ajakatl

desc

Central Nahuatl: ehcatl, ehkatl, yecatl, yehyekatl, ejekatl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: ahakatl

Guerrero Nahuatl: ajakatl

Orizaba Nahuatl: ehkatl

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: ejekatl

Pipil: ejekatl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: ajakatl

A frequentative reduplication of ehcatl (“wind”).

Ayre. ehecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 12v:

Ayre. ehecatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 7r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 28r. col. 2.

Eecatl. viento, o ayre.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 28r. col. 2:

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.

Macuili ecatl. [sic] which means “five winds”.

The second day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli.


cozcacuauhtli

cōzcacuāuhtli (canonical)
cuzcaquauhtli (alternative)
cozcaquauhtli (alternative)

Equivalent to cōzcatl (“rounded jewel, necklace bead”) + cuāuhtli (“eagle”).

compound

Aguila de cabeça bermeja.cozca quauhtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 11r:

Aguila de cabeça bermeja. cozcaquauhtli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 6v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 27v. col. 2.

Cuzcaquauhtli. aguila de cabeça bermeja.

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.
chi coaçe cuz / ca. coatl. q̃ qui / ere dezir seis a / guilas amarillas.
chi coaçe cuzca. coatl. [sic] which means “six yellow eagles”.

the sixteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by this animal.


cuauhtli

cuāuhtli (animate canonical)
cuācuāuhtin (plural)
quauhtli (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: koajtli

Central Nahuatl: cuahuitl

Aguila. quauhtli.

Quauhtli. aguila.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87v. col. 1:

oquitlalílique miec ytlahuitol, ce cuauhtlí tlacuicuítl, […]

c. 1600, Unknown, Anónimo mexicano, f. 7r:

They buried him with very many of his things: his bow, an eagle carved of wood, […]

Quāuhtli, 1. larga, el Aquila.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 128r:

Quāuhtli, [with the] first [vowel] long, the eagle.

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.

macuil coautlj. which means “five eagles”.

macuil coautlj / q quiere dezir / çinco aguilas.

The fifteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by this animal.


tetl

From Proto-Nahuan *tetl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tïn-ta.

Veuo generalmente. tetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 239v:


teotl

teōtl (animate canonical)
tēteoh (plural)
teutl (alternative)
theotl (alternative)

Dios. lo miſmo,vel,teutl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 85r:

Niña del ojo. toteouh. tixtotouh.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180v:


iteouh

third-person singular possessive singular of teōtl; (he, she or it is) his, her or its god; deity.


iteohuan

third-person singular possessive plural of teōtl; (they are) his, her or its gods; deities.


toteohuan

first-person plural possessive plural of teōtl; (they are) our gods.


miztli

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: mistli

Central Nahuatl: miztli

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: mistli

Morelos Nahuatl: mistle

Northern Puebla Nahuatl: mistli

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: mistli

Perhaps from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *musa (“wildcat”) (compare Hopi moosa).

Leon animal. miztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 154r:

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

Puma/cougar/mountain lion (Puma concolor).


acatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: akatl

Central Nahuatl: acatl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: akatl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: akatl

From Proto-Nahuan *aakatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *paka-ta.

Caña hueca. acatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 43v:

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.

The thirteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli.


acalli

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: akali

Central Nahuatl: acalli

Central Puebla Nahuatl: acalli

→ Spanish: acal

From atl (“water”) + calli (“house, structure”).

Barca. acalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 31r:

Idem, f. 42v.

Acalli. nauio, barca, canoa, &c.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 1v. col. 1:

oqui piaia yca Y tlahuitol, chicnauh- mamalhuiztlí, tetotocamitl. mintlí, acallí
[ōquipiyaya īca ītlahuītōl, chicnāuh mamalhuiztli, tētotōcamītl, mīntli, ācalli.]

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 11r:

They guarded him with his bow, six litters, hunting arrows, piercing arrows, and a boat, all near his feet.

A small vessel; especially a boat or canoe.


atl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: atl

Central Nahuatl: atl

Coatepec Nahuatl: a

Eastern Durango Nahuatl: at

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: atl

Guerrero Nahuatl: atl

Huaxcaleca Nahuatl: atl

Mecayapan Nahuatl: a̱ꞌ

Michoacán Nahuatl: al

Morelos Nahuatl: atl

Northern Puebla Nahuatl: atl

Orizaba Nahuatl: atl

Pipil: at

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: atl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: ötl

Tlamacazapa Nahuatl: atl

Western Durango Nahuatl: át

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: atl

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: atl

From Proto-Nahuan *aatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

atl, agua, nauh, mi agua

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

Agua atl

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 10v:

Atl. agua, orines,guerra, o la mollera de la cabeça.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 8r. col. 1:

Atl. water, urine, war, or the crown of the head.

Orina. axixtli. atl.

Atl. agua, orines, guerra, o la mollera de la cabeça.

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r.
matlatli ho̊me / athl. q̃ quiere / dezir doçe aguas.
matlatli ho̊me / athl. that is, twelve waters.

(it is) the ninth of the twenty day signs of the tonalpohualli; a stream of water


tenzacatl

tēnzacatl (canonical)
teçacatl (alternative)
tezacatl (alternative)
tezzacatl (alternative)

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
... auh no yehuan quitemaca ... in tenzacatl, in tlalpiloni, in maxtlatl, in tilmatli, ...
... and they also give ... lip plugs, headbands, breechcloths, capes, ...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


miquiztli

An elision of miquiliztli, from miqui (“to die”).

Muerte. miquiliztli.miquiztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 177v:

Muerte. miquiliztli.miquiztli.

Idem, f. 57r. col. 1.

(it is) the action of dying or the state of being dead; death.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros memoriales
ynic tlachiuhtli colotli tlatlatili yaoaltic ynic tlatzacutli chamolivitl tẽtlapilolo ycpac ca ỹ miquiztli quetzaltzoyo pepeyocyo

chicunauj. miquiztlj. which means “nine death”. they say that for one to be born on this day is a sign that he will die later.

16th c.: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r. chicunauj. mi quiz tlj / q̇ quiere dezir nueve / ṁuertos. el qúe na / ce en eſte dia es señal / ėntre ellos q̇ a de morir / luego. […]

(it is) the sixth of the twenty day signs of the tōnalpōhualli; a flaking death's head.


nonan

first-person singular possessive of nāntli; my mother.


cuahuiztetl

cuāhuiztetl (canonical)
cuauhiztetl (alternative)
cuahuiztitl (alternative)
cuauhiztitl (alternative)

cuāuhtli (“eagle”) + iztetl (“fingernail”)


yollohtli

yōllohtli (canonical)
yollotli (alternative)
yullotli (alternative)
obsolete spellings (alternative)

Coraçon. yollotli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 55r:

Coraçon. yullotli. toyollo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 30v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 41r. col. 1.


yaoyotl

yāōyōtl (canonical)
yaoyutl (alternative)

Taoyutl [sic], guerra.

1547: Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

Guerra. yaoyotl.necaliliztli.tlayecoliztli.& per metapho.
mitl.chimalli.atl.tlachinolli.vel,teuatl,tlachinolli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


miquini

ca timacehualtin, tipolihuini timiquini, ...

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana:

Mortal coſa que muere. miquini. poliuini. tlamini.


tezonpahtli

teçonpahtli (alternative)
Juan Badiano (alternative)
tezompahtli (alternative)
tezonpatli (alternative)


elozacatl

elotl (“ear of maize”) + zacatl (“grass”)

ELOÇACATL, çeceltic, cecelpatic, celpatic, iamanquj.
(ELOÇACATL: It is fresh green, each one fresh green, very fresh green; it is soft.)

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 7


yaotl

[ˈjáːˈ.oːtɬ]

Enemigo. teyaouh.


yaotequihuah

yāōtl (“enemy; (in compounds) war”) + tequitl (“task”) + -huah (“possessor of”).


macuahuitl

head

mācuahuitl (inanimate, plural macuahuimeh)

mācuahuitl (canonical)
macuahuimeh (plural)


peyotl

Related to peyōni "to glisten" according to Andrews (2003).

Lophophora williamsii
Lophophora williamsii#Translingual


tenamitl

tenāmitl (canonical)
tenantli (alternative)

From tetl (“rock”) + *nāmitl; compare chināmitl (“cane fence”) (Andrews 2003).


chalchihuitl

chālchihuitl (canonical)
chalchiuhtli (alternative)

Sharing a root with xihuitl (“turquoise”). Shared a logogram in Aztec writing with "water".

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
... auh no yehuan quitemaca ... in chalchihuitl, in quetzalli, in teocuitlatl.
... and they also give ... jade, plumes, gold.

A precious green stone: greenstone, jade, turquoise.


cuetlachtli

cuetlāchtli (canonical)
cuēcuetlāchtin (plural)
cuetlāchtli (alternative)


ichcatl

Mecayapan Nahuatl: ichca'

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: ichcatl

Algodon. ychcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 25r:

Algodon. ychcatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 8r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 32r. col. 2.

Oueja.ychcatl.ciuaichcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 186r:

Ganado menudo. ychcame. tentzoneque. &c.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 65r. col. 1:

Lesser cattle. ychcame. tentzoneque. etc.

Idem, f. 91r. col. 2.
Oueja. ychcatl. ciuaichcatl.
A sheep. ychcatl. ciuaichatl.

Idem, f. 32r. col. 2.
Ichcame. hato de ouejas, o manada dellas. […] / Ichcatl . algodón, o oueja.
Ichcame. a group of sheep, or a herd of them. […] / Ichcatl. cotton, or a sheep.


cuicani

From cuīca (“to sing”) + -ni (“habitual suffix”).


atezcatl

From ātl (“water”) + tezcatl (“mirror”).


diezmo

Borrowed from Spanish diezmo, from Latin decimus (“tenth”).


itztli

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

Ytztli, navaja de piedra, nitz, vel nitzhui

ximanilli in aitztli [sic; error for itztli?] nian huetztoc, ica xinechmitzminilli, ihuan xinechmoyezatliti.

1912, Isabel Castañeda Ramirez, Tèhuehuentzin ihuan tochtli, ed. and tr. by Franz Boas and Herman K. Haeberlin; in "Ten Folktales in Modern Nahuatl", The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 37 (1924), p. 346

Take this obsidian knife and wound me with it and drink my blood.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


telpochcalli

From tēlpōchtli (“young man”) + calli (“house”).


tototl

Central Nahuatl: tototl

Coatepec Nahuatl: tutu

Aue generalmente. tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 29v:

Paxaro generalmente. tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 191r:

ocuícaya ce tototzintlí, ca quítoaya, tihuy, tihuy,,
(a bird had sung and said "Let's go! Let's go!")

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 22r ca maçatl. tochtli. tequani. cohuatl. tototl. yn quiminaya. (With their arrows they shot deer, rabbits, fierce animals, snakes, and birds.)

Miembro del hombre. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 171v:

Natura de macho. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 179v:

Pixa. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 197r:


totolin

→ Spanish: totol


topilli

A staff, especially one representing an office.


topileh

tōpīleh (canonical)
topile (alternative)

→ Spanish: topil

→ English: topil

→ Huichol: tupíiri (or, directly from Classical Nahuatl)


xahcalli

Possibly *xahtli "thatch (?)" + calli "house".
Xahcalli is the source of Spanish and English jacal, and possibly of English shack.

A jacal; a hut made with poles and thatch.


xacalli

alternative form of xahcalli; (it is) a small shack; a jacal


huei zahuatl

huēi zahuatl (canonical)
huei çahuatl (alternative)


huei çahuatl

huei zahuatl
huei zahuatl#Classical_Nahuatl


zacayoh

From zacatl (“grass”) + -yoh (“covered in”).

çacayo (alternative)
çacayoh (alternative)
zacayo (alternative)


zolin

zozoltin (plural)
çoli (alternative)
çolin (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: solin

Central Nahuatl: zolin

Codorniz. çoli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 47v:

çoçoltin . codornizes . […] / çolin. codorniz.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 25r. col. 1:


cihuatl

head

cihuatl anim (plural cihuah or cihuāmeh)

cihuah (plural)
cihuāmeh (plural)
ciuatl (alternative)
zihuatl (alternative)

Compare Central Huasteca Nahuatl siuatl, Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl cihuatl, Guerrero Nahuatl siwatl, Highland Puebla Nahuatl sihua̱t, Mecayapan Nahuatl sihua̱', Northern Puebla Nahuatl sihuatl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl sohuatl, Tlamacazapa Nahuatl siwatl, Western Huasteca Nahuatl siuatl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl siuatl.

Aca zihuatl ytech otâçic?

1673, Agustín de Vetancurt, Arte de la lengua mexicana:

(when in the possessive) (she is) a wife.


azolin

Wilson's snipe, Gallinago gallinago delicata.


ahtlacatl

atlacatl (alternative)
ahtlācatl (alternative)


atlahcatl

ātlahcatl (canonical)
atlacatl (alternative)

ātlah "place of abundant water" + -catl "inhabitant"


atlacomolli

From ātl (“water”) + tlacomōlli (“hole”).

Abarrancadero aſſi. atlacomolli.acuezcomatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 1r:

A ravine in this manner. atlacomolli. acuezcomatl.


amilli

From ātl (“water”) + mīlli (“cultivated field”).

compound

Amilli. tierra de regadio.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5r. col. 1:


mazatl

mazātl (animate canonical)
mamazah (plural)
mazameh (plural)
maçatl (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: masatl

Central Nahuatl: mazatl, masatl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: masatl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: masatl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: masötl

Pipil: masat

Cieruo. maçatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 64r:

Cieruo. maçatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 35r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 50r. col. 2.
Maçatl. venado.
Maçatl. a deer.

Idem, f. 51v. col. 2.
Mamaça. animalias, venados. &c.
Mamaça. wild animals, deer, etc.

Maçaeuatl. piel de animal.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 50r. col. 1:

Maçaeuatl. the hide of an animal. [from mazātl (“beast, wild animal”) + ēhuatl (“skin, hide”).]

Maçacalli. caualleriza.

Maçacalli. stables. [from mazātl (“horse”) + calli (“house”)]

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r.
ma tlactl.maça / tli. [sic] qúe qujere / dezir. diez çier / uos. obeſtias.
ma tlactl. maçatli. [sic] which means “ten deer” or “ten beasts”.

The seventh day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli, a deer's head.


teuhtli

Poluo. teuhtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 198v:

Poluo. teuhtli

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 97r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 112r. col. 1.


teochichimecatl

teōchīchīmēcatl (canonical)
teōchīchīmēcah (plural)
teuchichimeca (alternative)

c. 1540–1580: Book 10 the Florentine Codex
In teuchichimeca, in quitoznequi, vel nelli chichimeca, anoço molhui chichimeca, ...


tlahtolli

tlahtōlli (canonical)
tlatolli (alternative)
tlàtōlli (alternative)

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
Ca yancuic tlatolli in anquimitalhuia, auh ic titotlapololtia, ic titotetzahuia.

1645: Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios, ed. by James Lockhart (2001)

huel tēcpiltic in motlàtōltzin, tu lenguaje es muy cortesano


tlilli

According to Manaster Ramer (1996), from Proto-(Southern) Uto-Aztecan *tulV or *tuulV. Related to O'odham čuud- "charcoal" and probably the first element of Tarahumara turu-buča-me "mottled white and black".

Tinta para eſcreuir. tlilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


ticitl

Medico o fiſico. tecitl.tepati.tepatiani.tlama.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 167r:

A doctor or physician. tecitl.tepati.tepatiani.tlama.

Ticitl. medico, o agorero y echador de ſuertes.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 173r. col. 1:

Ticitl. a doctor, or a soothsayer and drawer of lots.

Idem, f. 113v. col. 1.

Adiuinacion por ſuertes o agueros.nitla,poa. ni,ticiti. […] / Aiduino tal. tlapouhqui.ticitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 7v:

Divination using fate or omens.nitla,poa. ni,ticiti. […] / Diviner who divines in this way. tlapouhqui.ticitl.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 113r. col. 1:


pahtli

pahtly (alternative)
pati (alternative)
patli (alternative)

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales
ynic pati tzitzictic ytocã tlanelhuatl nica mochioa.

Cuix timomiquitlani, aço yc otiquic ytla micouani pahtly?
Deſeaſte te la muerte, y aeſta cauſa beuiſte beuedizos mortiferos?

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breue, en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:

Acaçomo tiquimmacac inqualli pahtli inyuh intechmonequi in cocoxque?
Porventura no les diſte buenas medicinas como lo pedia ſu enfermedad?

1599, Ioan Baptista, Confessionario en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


xicohtli

Portuguese: chicote (possibly)

Spanish: jicote

xicotli (alternative)
xīcohtli (alternative)

Abeja grande de miel que horada los arboles. xicotli.


mitl

Karttunen likens it with mīna, mīni (“to prick, pierce”).

Frecha o flecha. mitl.tlacochtli.
(Arrow. mitl.tlacochtli.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 126v:

mitl. saeta o flecha.
(mitl. an arrow or dart.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 57r. col. 1:


xochitl

xōchitl (canonical)
suchitl (alternative)
xuchitl (alternative)

Central Nahuatl: xochitl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: xochitl

Coatepec Nahuatl: xuchil

Michoacán Nahuatl: xochil

Pipil: shuchit

Flor generalmente. xuchitl. cueponcayotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 125r:


xochihcualli

head

xōchihcualli (inanimate, plural xōchihcualli)

xōchihcualli (canonical)
xōchihcualli (plural)
xuchiqualli (alternative)

Possibly from a combining form *xōchih- from xōchitl (“flower, blossom”), + cualli (“something good”).

Fruta generalmente. xuchiqualli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 127r:

(it is) the fruit of a tree or other plant


tezcatl

Derived from teci "to grind" according to Andrews (2003).


tepoztli

Derived from tetl "stone" according to Andrews (2003).

hard, workable metal: iron; steel; copper


tepozmitl

From tepoztli (“metal”) + mītl (“arrow”).


tamazolin

Compare Highland Puebla Nahuatl tama̱soli̱n, Northern Puebla Nahuatl temasoli, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tamasoli̱, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl tamasolin.

tamaçoli (alternative)
tamaçulin (alternative)

Eſcuerço o ſapo. tamaçulin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 113v:

TAMAÇOLI: ololpol, catzacpol, iaiacpol, chachaquachtic, teçontic, in jtlatol: cujtlatolpol, cujtlatolompol …

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 5, paragraph 4

(TOAD: It is round, dirty, dark. Its voice is coarse, rough. It is very fat, very corpulent, [etc.])


etl

etl, frisoles, neuh, mis frisoles

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

Friſol. etl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 64r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 29r. col. 2.


tentli

From Proto-Nahuan *teentli (“mouth”), from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tïni-ta (“mouth”).


piltzintli

piltzintli (animate, plural pīpiltzitzintin)

pīpiltzitzintin (plural)
pilhtzintli (alternative)

1547: Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

pilhtzintli, a son, nimopilhtzin, I am your son.

pilhtzintli, hijo, nimopilhtzin, yo soy tu hijo.

Piltzintli. niño, o ñiña.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 82r. col. 1:

Pipiltotonti. muchachos. / Pipiltzitzinti. idem. o niños.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 82r. col. 2:

Pipiltotonti. youths. / Pipiltzitzinti. the same, or children.


ilama

ilamatqueh (plural)
ylama (alternative)
ilamatl (alternative)
ilantli (alternative)

Ylama, vieja, nilamatcauh, mi vieja.illamâtque.

Ylama, an old woman, nilamatcauh, my old woman.illamâtque.

Vieja muger de edad. ylama.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 243r:

Ilama. vieja. […] / Ilamatl. vieja. […] / Ilantli. vieja.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 37r. col. 2:

Ilama. an old woman. […] / Ilamatl. an old woman. […] / Ilantli. an old woman.


cuitlapilli ahtlapalli

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
Iuh, totecuyoané, ma itla anquinchihualtihtin in amocuitlapiltzin, in amatlapaltzin, ...


zacuan

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot, the troupial, the eagle)


zayolin

zāyōlin (canonical)
çayulin (alternative)
zāyōlin (alternative)

Moſca volatile conocida. çayulin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana, f. 176r:


chimalli

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario enla lengua Castellana y Mexicana, f. 7r
Adarga o rodela. chimalli.

ibid., f. 113r.
Eſcudo. chimalli.quauhchimalli.


metztli

Muſlo por pate [sic] de dentro y defuera. tometz. metztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:


metztli

From Proto-Nahuan *meeȼtli, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *mïca-ta.

Luna planeta del cielo. metztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

Mes parte dozena del año. metztli. metztlapoualiztli.


in mitl in chimalli

A difrasismo. From in mītl (“the arrow; arrows”) + in chīmalli (“the shield; shields”).

Guerra. yaoyotl.necaliliztli.tlayecoliztli.& per metapho.
mitl.chimalli.atl.tlachinolli.vel,teuatl,tlachinolli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

mich chimalli. guerra o batalla. metaphora.
mich chimalli. war or battle. a metaphor.)

(they are) the arrow and the shield; war, warfare.


ilhuicaatl

ilhuicaātl (canonical)
ylhuica atl (alternative)
ylhuicaatl (alternative)

Equivalent to ilhuicatl (“sky”) + ātl (“water”), because ocean water appears to meet the sky in the horizon.

[…] it [the sea] is also called ylhuicaatl, which means "water that joined with the sky", because the ancient inhabitants of this land thought that the sky joined the water in the sea, as if it were a house, where the water is the walls and the sky is above them, and because of this they call the sea ylhuicaatl, as if saying "water that joins with the sky" […]

16c, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, vol. 3. f. 223r. col. 1. […] llamase tan bien ylhuicaatl / que quiere dezir agua, que se iunto / conel cielo. Porque los antiguos habi / tadores deſta tierra, pensauan que / elcielo se iunta conel agua enlamar, como ſi fuese una casa, queel agua / ſon las paredes : yel cielo eſta sobre / las. Y poreſto llaman alamar ylhui / caatl, como si dixesen, agua que se / iunta con el cielo […]

Mar generalmente. uey atl.ylhuica atl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 164v:

The sea in general. uey atl.ylhuica atl.

Mar generalmente. vey atl. ylhuica atl.

The sea in general. vey atl. ylhuica atl.


itzcuauhtli

Aquila chrysaetos
Aquila chrysaetos#Translingual


nahualli

nāhualli (canonical)
nānāhualtin (plural)
naualli (alternative)

→ Spanish: nahual

→ English: nahual

Nigromantico. naualli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180v:

Naualli. bruxa.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 63v. col. 1:


nenetl

Muñeca de niños. quauhcoconetl. nenetl.

Ydolo. tequacuilli,teteotl. nenetl.toptli.colotli


nohpalli

→ Spanish: nopal

→ Asturian: nopal

→ English: nopal

→ French: nopal

→ Romanian: nopal

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan [Term?] (compare Cahuilla navet).


ozomahtli

Gatopaus. uçumatli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 129v:

Idem, f. 174v.
Mona animal conocido. oçumatli.quauhchimal.
A monkey, a known animal. oçumatli. quauhchimal.

Mona animal conocido. oçumatli. quauhchimal.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 86r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 76r. col. 1.
Oçumatli. mico, o ximia.
Oçumatli. a monkey, or a female simian.

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.
çe Vçumatli / q̃ quiere. dezir / Vna mona.
çe Vçumatli. which means “one monkey”.

(it is) the eleventh day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, corresponding to this animal.


olli

→ Spanish: hule

→ English: ule

Olli . cierta goma de arboles medicinal, deque ha / zen pelotas para jugar con las nalgas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76r. col. 2:

Olli. a certain type of medicinal gum extracted from trees, from which they make balls to play with their buttocks.


papalotl

pāpālōtl (canonical)
pāpalōmeh (plural)
papalutl (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: papalotl

Central Nahuatl: papalotl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: papalotl

Guerrero Nahuatl: papalotl

Morelos Nahuatl: papalotl

Northern Puebla Nahuatl: papalotl

Orizaba Nahuatl: papalotl

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: papalotl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: pöpölutl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: papalotl

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: papalotl

Spanish: papalote

→? Tagalog: paruparo

Compare Morelos Nahuatl papalotl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl pöpölutl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl papalotl.

Maripoſa generalmente. papalotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 165r:

Papalotepito. maripoſa pequeña. / Papalotl. maripoſa. / Papalotontli. maripoſa pequeña.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 79v. col. 2:

Papalotepito. a small butterfly. / Papalotl. a butterfly. / Papalotontli. a small butterfly.

quicauyia yn tlen cacia yolcame papalome-

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 2v:

and they ate whatever they found, insects and butterflies.


tecpatl

Equivalent to tetl (“stone”) + icpatl (“top”), (compare icpactli (top), icpalli (high-backed seat)) according to Andrews (2003).

(it is) a fint knife motif, especially when worn as an adornment.

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, represented by a stylized flint knife.
çe tec patl. ques vna piedra. de pedernal a figura de hierro cõ que ellos sacrificauã

ce tecpatl'. that is to say, a piece of flint shaped like a knife which they used in sacrifice.

(it is) the eighteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented by a stylized, red and white lanceolate flint knife.


tlemoyotl

From tletl (“fire”) + mōyōtl (“mosquito”).

Centella de huego. tlemoyotl.
(Spark of fire. tlemoyotl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 62r:

Tlemoyotl. centella.
(Tlemoyotl. spark.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 147r. col. 2:


tzapatl

Enano o enana. tzapa. tzapaton. tzapatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


tlohtli

totli (alternative)
tlotli (alternative)

Gauilan. tlotli.


xihuitl

Año. xiuitl.


xihuitl

Turqueſa. tlaquauac xiuitl. xiuitl. xiuhtomolli.


xihuitl

Comete grande que parece correr. xiuitl.


xolopihtli

Tonto. xolopihtli.tehpuchtli.tepochcoyotl.


xihxicuin

Gloton. uey tlaca çolli. xixicuin. ...


tlatlatziniliztli

Trueno. tlatlatziniliztli.


Castillan

alternative spelling of Caxtillan: Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


caxtiltecatl

caxtīltēcatl (canonical)
castiltecatl (alternative)


ihhuitl

ihuitl (alternative)
yhuitl (alternative)
yuitl (alternative)

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Pluma de aue. yhuitl.


ihtetl

hitetl (alternative)
hititl (alternative)
ihtitl (alternative)
itetl (alternative)
ititl (alternative)
ytetl (alternative)

Ytetl, vientre, nite.

1547, Andrés de Olmos, edited by Rémi Siméon, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, published 1875:

Vientre, hititl, hitetl.


ihtacatl

Spanish: itacate

hitacatl (alternative)
itacatl (alternative)
ytacatl (alternative)

Vituallas para hueſte. hitacatl. yaohitacatl.


ihpotoctli

ipotoctli (alternative)
ypotoctli (alternative)


ihiyotl

ihīyōtl (canonical)
yhiyutl (alternative)
yhyyotl (alternative)

Yhiyutl, resollo, nihiyo.

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, published 1875:

Aliento huelgo o reſuello. yhyyotl.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r yn oncan yn ihiyotl machoco (where suffering came to be known)


ichtli

Ychtli, hilo de maguei, nich, nochhui, vel nichhui.


ixcuahmolli

īxcuahmōlli (canonical)
yxquamulli (alternative)

yxquamulli, cejas, nixquamulh, mis cejas.


huehuetl

huēhuētl (canonical)
ueuetl (alternative)

Can comoni, con comoni, huehuetl

2019, “Itlach In Mictlantecuhtli”, performed by Cemican:


ixtelolohtli

īxtelolohtli (canonical)
īxtelolohtōntli (diminutive)
ixtelolotli (alternative)
yxtelolotli (alternative)
yxtololotli (alternative)

īxtli (“eye”) + telolohtli (“ball, pellet”)

compound

yxtelolotli, ojo, yixtelolo, su ojo de aquel

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana:

Ojo con que vemos. ixtelolotli.yxotolotli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 183v:


ilhuicatl

Cf. Mayo téhueca, Central Tarahumara riwigachi (“in heaven”), Pipil ilwikak


ayotl

From Proto-Nahuan *aayootl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *aya-wɨt-ta (“big tortoise”).

inh

Tortuga. ayutl.


huehueh

huēhueh (canonical)
huēhuētqueh (plural)
huehue (alternative)
ueue (alternative)
veue (alternative)

Spanish: El Güegüense

Reduplicated from the root of huēyi (“it is something large; great”).

Veue, viejo, noueuetcauh. ... Ueue, viejo. Ueuetque.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios, ed. by James Lockhart (2001)


huehuetqueh

plural of huēhueh; (they are) elderly men.


tozan

1547: Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana, ed. by Rémi Siméon (1875)

Topo animal. toçan.


cuanaca

cuānaca (canonical)
quanaca (alternative)

cuāitl "head" + nacatl "flesh", referring to the chicken's comb. Compare cuanacatl.


tlacatecolotl

From tlacatl (“person”) + tecolotl (“owl”).

Demonio. tlacatecolotl. tzitzimitl. colelectli

1645: Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios, ed. by James Lockhart (2001)

cencà tēmàmauhtìquè in tlātlacatecolô; son los Demonios muy espantosos.


ahuiyani

āhuiyani (canonical)
āhuiyanimeh (plural)

Puta del burdel. auiani.motzin namacani.motetlaneuh-
tiani.
(Whore from a brothel. auiani. motzin namacani. motetlaneuhtiani.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 205r:

Auiani. puta,o mala muger.
(Auiani. a whore, a bad woman.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 9v. col. 1:


ahuiyanicalli

From āhuiyani (“prostitute”) + calli (“house”).

compound

Puteria. auianicalli.
(Whorehouse. auianicalli.)

Puteria. auiyani calli.
(Whorehouse. auiyani calli.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 100r. col. 2:

Auiani calli. burdel, o puteria.
(Auinai calli. a brothel or whorehouse.)


micqui

Defuncto. micqui.
(Deceased. micqui.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 37r. col. 1:

Micqui. muerto, o deffuncto.
(Micqui. dead, or deceased.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56r. col. 2:

One that has died; a dead person or animal.


cemanahuatl

cemānāhuatl (canonical)
cemanauatl (alternative)


cetl

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sïp.


chichimecatl

Chīchīmēcatl (canonical)
Chīchīmēcah (plural)
chichimecatl (alternative)
Chīchīmēcatl (alternative)
chichimeca (alternative)
Chīchīmēcâ (alternative)

Chīchīmān (place name) + -ēcatl "inhabitant"
This is sometimes said to be derived from chichi "dog", but the vowel length differs.

c. 1540–1580, Book 10 the Florentine Codex
Iz catqui in intlaqual chichimeca

Chīchīmēcatl, Chichimeco de nacion ... Plurales se forman con solo perdese la final, tl, y poniendo sobre la vltima vocal el saltillo final, (^) que hemos dicho ser accento de todo plural acabado en vocal desta manera Mexicâ, Otomî, Chīchīmēcâ, Tepotzòtēcâ, Tetzcòcâ.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios, ed. by James Lockhart (2001)


nelli

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
anquimitalhuia ca amo nelli teteo in toteohuan.
You say that our gods are not true gods.


aztatl

Central Nahuatl: astatl

Central Nahuatl: aztatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: astatl

Egretta thula
Egretta thula#Translingual


totoltetl

tōtoltetl (canonical)
tōtoltemeh (absolutive plural)

From tōtolin (“turkey”) + tetl (“stone, egg”).

totoltetl. hueuo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 150v. col. 1:


tlacohtli

head

tlācohtli (plural tlātlācohtin, possessed -tlācauh)

tlācohtli (canonical)
tlātlācohtin (plural)
tlacotli (alternative)


macehualli

mācēhualli (canonical)
mācēhualtin (plural)
mācēhualli (alternative)
maceualli (alternative)
macevalli (alternative)
maçehualli (alternative)
masehualli (alternative)

Central Puebla Nahuatl: macehualli

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: macehualli (plural macehualmej)

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
ca timacehualtin, tipolihuini timiquini, yeh mahca timiquican, yeh mahca tipolihuican, tel ca teteo in omicque.

Cuix molhuil, cuix momàcehual in timācēhualli in tinēntlācatl, inic ināhuac titlaquāz in motlàtòcāuh? mereces tu hombre plebeyo, y de nonada comer con tu señor.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios:

çe momaçehualtzin noTla huei cocoliztli in itech omotlali

1649, Luis Laso de la Vega, Huei tlamahuiçoltica...:

c. 1540–1580, Book 12 the Florentine Codex
Auh niman in iehoan Españoles, quitlalique in quauhtematlatl in mumuzticpac, inic quintepachozq̄ in macevaltin.

1607, Chimalpahin, journal
Yhuan yn ypan in omoteneuh metztli miyequintin atlan micque yn matlanhuique macehualtin .

auh niman yn justisiatlaca oquinnotzque yn masehualtzitzintin


matlequiquiztlazqui

mātlequiquiztlāzqui (canonical)
mātlequiquiztlāzqueh (plural)

mātlequiquiztli "arquebus" + tlāza "to shoot" + -qui "-er"


matlequiquiztli

From maitl (“hand”) + tlequiquiztli (“firearm”).

af

Arcabuz o eſcopeta matlequiqztli [sic].


oquichozomahtli

From oquichtli (“male”) + ozomahtli (“monkey”).

compound

oquich oçomatli (alternative)
oquichoçomatli (alternative)

Mono animal conocido. oquichoçomahtli.quauhcihmal

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 175r:

A monkey, a known animal. oquichoçomahtli.quauhcihmal

Mono, animal conocido. oquichoçomatli. quauh- / [chimal.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 86v. col. 1:

A monkey, a known animal. oquichoçomatli. quauhchimal.

Idem, f. 77v. col. 2.
Oquich oçomatli.mono, animal conocido.
Oquich oçomatli. a monkey, a known animal.


coyotl

cocoyoh (plural)
coiotl (alternative obsolete)
cuyutl (alternative obsolete)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: koyotl

Central Nahuatl: coyotl

Central Nahuatl: koyot

Guerrero Nahuatl: koyotl

Pipil: kuyut

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: koyotl

→ Spanish: coyote

→ French: coyote

→ English: coyote

→ German: Coyote, Kojote

→ Lithuanian: kojotas

→ Portuguese: coiote

[f. 156v] Lobo o loba, o adiue. cuetlachtli.cuyutl.mayaquen.
[f. 245r] Zorra o rrapoſa. coyotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

Ce tlacatl ipã qujçato: çacatla, eoatica, in coiotl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 1, paragraph 2

(a man came upon a coyote sitting on the grassy plain)

Canis latrans
Canis latrans#Translingual


teocuitlamaquiztli

teōcuitlatl "precious metal" + māquīztli "bracelet"

Mmanilla [sic]. teocuitlamaquiztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


octli

Vino generalmentei [sic] octli.


matzahtli

Piña fruta conocida. matzatli.


atemitl

Piojo. atemitl.
(Louse. atemitl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 196v:

Piojo.atemitl.
Piojo blanco del cuerpo. tetzauatemitl. yztac ate-
mitl. metolin. tecolotl.
(Louse. atemitl.
White louse of the body. tetzauatemitl. yztac ate-
mitl. metolin. tecolotl.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 96r. col. 2:

Atemitl. piojo.
(Atemitl. louse)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 7v. col. 2:


tepoztopilli

tepoztōpīlli (canonical)
tepuztopilli (alternative)

From tepoztli (“metal”) + tōpīlli (“rod, staff”).

Lança. tepuztopilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152v:

Lança. tepuztopilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 104v. col. 1.
Tepuztopilli.lança o venablo de montero.
Tepuztopilli. a lance or a huntsman's javelin.


cihuamiztli

From cihuātl (“female”) + miztli (“puma”).

Leona hembra. ciuamiztli.
A female lioness. ciuamiztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 154r:

Ciuamiztli. leona.
(Ciuamiztli. a lioness.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 22v. col. 1:


mizton

Central Nahuatl: mizton

Mecayapan Nahuatl: misto̱n

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: mi̱stu

Pipil: mistun

Apocopic form of miztli (“mountain lion, puma”) + -tōn (diminutive suffix). Compare miztōntli (“puma cub”).

suffix

Gato. mizto.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 129v:


miztontli

From miztli (“mountain lion, puma”) + -tōn (diminutive suffix). See miztōn.

Leoncillo. miztontli.miztepiton.mizconetl.

A small puma. miztontli. miztepiton. mizconetl.

Miztontli. gatillo or leoncillo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 57v. col. 1:

diminutive of miztli; a little puma, a puma cub.

Miztontli. gatillo or leoncillo.

diminutive of miztli; a little cat, a kitten.


ocotochtli

From ocōtl (“pine”) + tōchtli (“rabbit”).

Gato montes. ocotochtli.

a kind of animal: wildcat, lynx, marten or kinkajou


quinamehtli

Gigante. quinametli.tlacaueyac.


Caxtillan acalli

head

Caxtīllān ācalli inan (plural Caxtīllān ācalli)

Caxtīllān ācalli (canonical inanimate)
Caxtīllān ācalli (plural)
castillã acalli (alternative)
castillan acalli (alternative)

From Caxtīllān (“Spain”) + ācalli (“small vessel, canoe”).

compound

Naue generalmente. caſtillã acalli .

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 179v:

Naue, generalmente. caſtillan acalli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 88r. col. 2:

(it is) a ship, specifically a 16th-century Spanish galleon or caravel.


castillan

alternative letter-case form of Caxtillan


latin tlahtolli

Latin lengua latina. latin tlatolli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152v:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 62r. amo pilli çan huey momachtiani colegial latin tlahtolli quimatia (He was not a nobleman but a great scholar, a collegian, who knew the Latin language.)


tetlazohtlaliztli

tētlazohtlaliztli (canonical)
tetlaçohtlaliztli (alternative)
tetlaçotlaliztli (alternative)

tē- "someone; people" + tlazohtla "to love" + -liztli

Amor, teltaçotlaliztli.


tetlaçotlaliztli

alternative spelling of tetlazohtlaliztli


maccuahuitl

head

maccuahuitl (inanimate, plural macuahuimeh)

From māc (“in the hand”) + cuahuitl (“wood”).

A macuahuitl; a macana; a sword or club of wood with obsidian blades.


tepozmaccuahuitl

tepozmāccuahuitl (canonical)
tepozmahquahuitl (alternative)
tepuzmacquauitl (alternative)

Eſpada. tepuzmacquauitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 114v:

1640–41: Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), The Animal Prophet and the Fortunate Patricide, f. 22v. ymeço yc ticàaltiz yn tepozmāhquahuitl (You will bathe the sword with their blood.)


tepuzmacquauitl

alternative spelling of tepozmaccuahuitl


cihuatotolin

ciuatotolin (alternative)
sihua̱to̱toli̱n (alternative)

Gallina. ciuatotolin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 128v:


cihuatotolixpopoyotl

cihuātōtolīxpopoyōtl (canonical)
ciuatotolixpopoyotl (alternative)

From cihuātōtolin (“turkey hen”) + īxpopoyōtl (“blind person”), literally “blind turkey hen”.

compound

Gallina ciega. ciuatotolixpopoyotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 128v:

Gallina ciega. ciuatotolixpopoyotl. puxacatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 65r. col. 1:

A blind hen. ciuatotolixpopoyotl. puxacatl.

Idem, f. 22v. col. 2.
Ciuatotol ixpopoyotl.gallina ciega.
Ciuatotol ixpopoyotl. a blind hen.


ciuatotolixpopoyotl

obsolete spelling of cihuātōtolīxpopoyōtl


toltecayotl

tōltēcayōtl (canonical)
tultecayotl (alternative)

Arte mecanica. tultecayotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


nahuallotl

nāhuallōtl (canonical)
nauallotl (alternative)

From nāhualli (“sorcerer, necromancer”) + -lōtl.

suffix

Nigromancia. nauallotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180v:

Nigromancia.nauallotl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 88v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 63v. col. 1.
Nauallotl. nigromancia, o coſa ſemejante.
Nauallotl. necromancy, or something similar.


chicuahtli

chīcuahtli (canonical)
chiquatli (alternative)
chiquâtli (alternative)

Lehcuza [sic] aue dela noche. chiquatli. chichtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

Otimotetzâhui iniquac tzatzi intecolotl, in chiquâtli?
Tuviſte por aguero, que el buho, ò lechuza gritaſſe?

1673, Augustin de Vetancurt, Arte de lingua mexicana:


tlahtoani

tlahtoāni (animate canonical)
tlahtohqueh (plural)
tlatoani (alternative obsolete)

From tla- (“thing(s)”) + ihtoā (“say”) + -ni (“habitual suffix”) + -qui (“agentive suffix”), literally "one who speaks".

af

Señor de ſieruos. tlatoani. tlacaua.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

Cuix oticmotlaçotilli in motlâtocatzin Dios?
Amaſte à tu Dios, y Señor?

1673, Augustin de Vetancurt, Arte de lengua mexicana:

(he is) the ruler or chieftain of an altepetl.


colotl

Eſcorpion alacran. colotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 112v:


tepozmaccuahuitl yacapitzahuac

Eſtoque. tepuzmacquauitl yacamimiltic. tepuzmacquauitl yacapitzauac.


tepozcuacalalahtli

tepozcuācalalahtli (canonical)
tepuzquacalalatli (alternative)

tepoztli "metal" + *cuācalalahtli "helmet". Compare teōcuitlacuācalalahtli.

Quxiote armadura. tepuzquacalalatli.
Quixones yerua conocida. lo miſmo.


tepuzquacalalatli

alternative spelling of tepozcuacalalahtli


ahmolli

ahmōlli (canonical)
amolli (alternative)
amulli (alternative)

→ Spanish: amole

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan [Term?] (compare Cahuilla 'amul).

Xabon. amulli.


cemiztitl

Xeme medida. cemiztetl. cemiztitl.

the distance between the tip of the thumb and the tip of the index finger


tzinacan

Compare Michoacán Nahuatl tzinaca, Morelos Nahuatl tzinaka, Northern Puebla Nahuatl tzinacatl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tzonöcatl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl tzinaca.

Morcielago o aue de noche. tzinacan. quimichpatlan.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 176r:


altepetenamitl

From āltepētl (“town, city”) + tenāmitl (“wall”).

compound

Muro de cibdad o villa. altepetenamitl.
(Wall of a city or town. altepetenamitl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:

Muro de ciudad o devilla. altepetenamitl.
(Wall of a city or town. altepetenamitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87v. col. 2:


imaxtli

īmāxtli (canonical)
ymaxtli (alternative)

Pendejo o bedija. ymaxtli.


mahomacalli

From Spanish Mahoma (“Muhammad”) + calli (“house”).

af

Mezquita. mahoma tlatla tlauhtilizcalli. mahoma calli.


nahuatlahtolli

nāhuatlahtōlli (canonical)
nauatlatolli (alternative)

From nāhuatl (“clear sound”) + tlahtōlli (“language”).

compound

Nicã ompeua yn neyolmelaualoni, yn amo veyac yn çã tepiton, yn oq̓motlalili oquimotecpanili yn padre fray Alonſo de Molina ſ. Frãciſco teopixq̓ ynipã nauatlatolli oq̓mocuepili.

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breue, en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:

Nican ompeua ynneyolmelaualoni, ynoquimotlalili yn oquitecpanili padre Fray Alonſo de Molina, ſant Franciſco teopixqui: ynipan oquimocuepilli ynnahuatlatolli.

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario mayor, en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


tlahtolpeuhcayotl

tlahtōlpēuhcāyōtl (canonical)
tlatolpeuhcayotl (alternative)

tlahtōlli "word; language" + pēuhcāyōtl "beginning"

Tlatolpeuhcayotl . ¶Prologo.

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario mayor, en la lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


tlatolpeuhcayotl

alternative spelling of tlahtolpeuhcayotl


tlamatini

tla- (“things”) + mati (“to know”) + -ni (“habitual suffix”).

Letrado. tlamatini.


ohtli

Camino tal, otli.

ye omoquichnacayotitzinoco, ye oq̃moquentitzinoco intotlalnacayo, inictechmottitilitzinoz in ilhuicac ohtli innemohualoni, in nemaquixtiloni, in nenemiliztiloni.

1599, Ioan Baptista, Confesionario en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


neyolmelahualoni

neyōlmelāhualōni (canonical)
neyolmelaualoni (alternative)

ne- (indefinite reflexive prefix) + yōl- "heart" + melāhua "straighten" + -lōni "instrument for; means of"

NEYOLMELAHVALONI, INIC mocẽcahuazque, yhuan inic huel motlatemolizq̃, in aquique huel moyolcuitiznequi.

1599, Ioan Baptista, Confessionario en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:

A confessionary; a manual for confession.


neyolmelaualoni

alternative spelling of neyolmelahualoni


tlahtohcayotl

tlahtohcāyōtl (canonical)
tlahtocayotl (alternative)
tlatocaiotl (alternative)
tlatocayotl (alternative)

Ye imman yequalcã in nemaquixtiloz, cayeoacico in Dios itlahtocayotzin


tlahyelpaquiliztli

tlahyelpāquiliztli (canonical)
tlayelpaquiliztli (alternative)

From tlahyelli (“filth”) + pāquiliztli (“happiness, joy”), literally (“filthy happiness”).

Cuix otiquinecuh intetlayelti inipampa initlayelpaquilizpul monacayopul?
Porventura oliſte coſas torpes y ſuzias, por el deleyte de tu ſẽſualidad?

tlaelpaquiliztli. suzio o carnal deleite.
(tlaelpaquiliztli. a dirty or carnal delight.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 120v. col. 1:

(sexuality) carnal delight, sexual pleasure


tlayelpaquiliztli

alternative spelling of tlahyelpaquiliztli


tlequiquiztlalli

From tlequiquiztli (“firearm, gun”) + tlālli (“earth, soil”).

af

Poluora. tlequiquiztlalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 198v:

Piedra çufre. tlequiquiztlalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 196r:

Sufre o piedra çufre. tlequiquiztlalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 230r:


tlapaltehuilotl

tlapalli "red dye" + tehuilotl "crystal"

IAcinto piedra precioſa. tlapalteuilotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


cuauhcalli

From cuahuitl (“wood”) + calli (“house”).

Iaula grãde. quauhcalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144r:


moyotl

momoyoh (absolutive plural)
moyomeh (absolutive plural)

Spanish: moyote

Moſquito- moyotl.
(Mosquito- moyotl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 176v:

Moſquito.moyotl.vel,muyotl.
(Mosquito.moyotl.vel,muyotl.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87r. col. 1:

Moxquito,cantor y çancudo. muyotl.
(Mosquito, singing and leggy. muyotl.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87r. col. 2:

Moyotl. moxquito.
(Moyotl. mosquito.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 58v. col. 1:


cuauhcoconetl

cuauhcōconētl (canonical)
quauhcoconetl (alternative)

From cuahuitl (“wood”) + cōconētl (“doll”).

Muñeca de niños. quauhcoconetl. nenetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178r:

A doll for children. quauhcoconetl. nenetl.

Muñeca de niños. quauhcoconetl. nenetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87v. col. 2:


coatl

cōātl (animate canonical)
cocoah (plural)
couatl (alternative)
cohuatl (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: koatl

Central Nahuatl: coatl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: couatl

Mecayapan Nahuatl: cua̱tej

Morelos Nahuatl: kouatl

Orizaba Nahuatl: kowatl

Pipil: coat

→ Spanish: cuate

→ English: couatl

Culebra generalmente. coatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 60r:

Idem, 224v.

Coatl. culebra, mellizo, o lombriz del eſtomago.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r. col. 1:

Coatl. a snake, a twin or a gastrointestinal worm.

Auh in pipiltotonti muchintin qujntlaxqujaia: yn aca coatl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

And all the little children roasted some snakes

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 22r
camo çan quexquich yn ompa onoque yn ompa tlapia yn tequanime yn cuecuetlachtin. yn ocelome. yn mimiztin yn cocohua

Countless fierce animals were there; bears, jaguars, mountain lions, snakes were on guard.

Nacido con otro. coatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:

Mellizo.coatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 83v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 23r. col. 1.

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.

chicuei coatl. which means “eight snakes”.

chicuei coatl q̇ / quiere dezir ocho / culebras.

(it is) the fifth day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli; represented by a stylized snake glyph.


tlacatecolotlahtolli

head

tlācatecolōtlahtōlli (inanimate, plural tlācatecolōtlahtōlli)

tlācatecolōtlahtōlli (canonical)
tlācatecolōtlahtōlli (plural)
tlacatecolotlatolli (alternative)

From tlācatecolōtl (“a sorcerer; demon”) + tlahtōlli (“a word; speech”).

compound

Aço aca tictlachiui, anoço tictlacuicuili, tlacatecolotlatoltica?
Cõjuraſte los aguaceros, ogranizos, con palabras del demonio?

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breue, en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


meneuctli

From metl (“agave”) + neuctli (“honey, juice”).

Miel de maguey cruda. menecutli.necuxoxouhqui. neq̃tl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 171r:

Uncooked agave nectar. menecutli. necuxoxouhqui. neq̃tl.

Meneuctli. miel de maguei cruda.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 55v. col. 1:

miel de maguey menecuhtli

1793, Pedro de Arenas, Vocabulario manual de las lenguas Castellana y Mexicana, page 16:


tilmahtli

tilmahtli (plural)
tilmatli (alternative)

Spanish: tilma

an overgarment for men; a cotton cloak worn fastened on the shoulder, or as a long apron.


ahcolli

ombros ahcolli

1611, Pedro de Arenas, Vocabulario manual de las lenguas Castellana y Mexicana, published 1793:


tlahcuiloltic

From tlahcuilōlli (“writing; painting”) + -tic.

pintado tlahcuiloltic.


tonalli

From tōna (“to be hot or sunny”) + -lli.

17C: Bernardino de Sahagún; Chimalpahin (copyist), Exercicio quotidiano, f. 22r

(when punishing cold and iciness at times chilled you; you found freezing cold; and [in] the heat you wiped the perspiration with your hand.)

ynic omotetzinco ceceuh yn itztic in cecec ticmottititzino cecuiztli auh in tonalli in mitonaltzin ticmomatemilitia

qujnaoatia, yn iqujn oallaz: qujpepena in tonalli, qujtta yn jamux, yn jtlacujlol: qujtta, yn iqujn qualli tonalli, yn ieccan, in qualcan

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1, chapter 12

(He instructed him when he should come; he chose the day. He consulted his sacred almanac, he noted the good day, the good time, the favorable time.)

ipan 16 itonal in Setiembre
(on the 16th day of September)

1888, Miguel Trinidad Palma, transl., Constitución Federal de los Estados-Unidos de Mexicanos:

2000: Severiana Estrada Vásquez; Arnulfo Prado & David Tuggy (ed. and tr.), Ya wejkawitl oksé tlamantle oyeka
Yonmej tonaltin mach okipiayaj tlanextle
In those days they didn't have electricity

auh yn iuh quimatia yn iquac hualneztiuh yn tleyn ypan tonalli çeçentlamantin ỹpan yauh mìyotia quinmina quintlahuelia

(And so, when he goes forth, they know on what day sign he casts light on certain people, venting his anger against them, shooting them with darts.)

qualli iectli, ioani, tetonal tecpilatl, tlâtôcaatl

16C: Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 26

(good, superior, potable [chocolate]: the privilege, the drink of nobles, of rulers)

17C: Pedro Calderón de la Barca; Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El Gran Teatro del Mundo, f. 3r.

(Property is my reward, my fate. I wil be joyful and rich.)

Nomacehual notonal yn tlatquitl nipapaquiz ninotlamachtiz

mjtoaia vmpa tiiocoelo in timaceoalti, vmpa vitz in totonal: in jquac motlalia, in jquac chipinj piltzintli, vmpa oallauh in jntonal, imjtic calaquj

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 29

(It was said that there were we, the common people, created; thence came our souls. When babies were conceived, when they dropped [from heaven], their souls came from there; they entered into their [mother’s] wombs.)


molli

mōlli (canonical)
mulli (alternative)
mvlli (alternative)

Spanish: mole

English: mole

tlaçotli mvlli

c. 1558 – 1561, Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros memoriales f. 226

A spiced, watery food of any kind; a sauce, stew, broth, etc.


iztatl

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: istat

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: istatl


atetl

Compañon. atetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 49v:

Idem, f. 239r.


teocuitlacuauhtentetl

teōcuitlacuāuhtēntetl (canonical)
teucuitlaquauhtẽtetl (alternative)

teōcuitlatl "gold" + cuāuhtēntetl "eagle lip plug"

1558–1561 Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales
teucuitlaquauhtẽtetl. ynic tlachiuhtli tlapitzali tlacuilolo yuhqui quauhtly ic tlatlali teocuitlatl

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

A gold lip plug in the shape of an eagle.


teucuitlaquauhtẽtetl

alternative spelling of teocuitlacuauhtentetl


cuauhtentetl

cuāuhtēntetl (canonical)
quauhtentetl (alternative)

1558–1561 Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales
quauhtentetl
ynic tlatlalili tecpatl iuhq̓ nextecuili ynic quitlalia ypã quiquixtia tlateque.


cihuapilli

cihuāpilli (canonical)
cihuāpīpiltin (absolutive plural)
cihoapilli (alternative)
çihoapilli (alternative)
çiuapilli (alternative)
çivapilli (alternative)

From cihuātl (“woman”) + pilli (“noble”).

ciuapilli. ſeñora, o dueña.
(ciuapilli. lady, or mistress.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 22v. col. 2:


olin

olīn (canonical)
ollin (alternative)
uli (alternative)

Apocopic deverbal formation from olīni (“to move; get going”) or olīnia (“to agitate; shift; displace”).

16th c.: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.
chicume uli la / primera . silab / breue. y laul ti / ma luenga. q / quiere dezir ti / en. tienble latie / rra.

chicume uli. the first syllab[le] short, and the last one long. which means “[seven] the earth shakes”.

the seventeenth of the twenty day signs of the tōnalpōhualli; a conceptual depiction of movement as two intertwining bands of color


epatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: epatl

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: epat

Guerrero Nahuatl: epatl, yepatl

Morelos Nahuatl: yepatl

Northern Puebla Nahuatl: yepatl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: yepatl

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: ipatl

Compare Highland Puebla Nahuatl epat, Morelos Nahuatl yepatl, Northern Puebla Nahuatl yepatl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl yepatl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl ipatl.

In nanaoati: çã cõpetztoloa, in jiel epatl, qujl ic pati, in nanaoatl.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1, chapter 1, paragraph 5

(Those who have pustules merely swallow skunk spray; it is said that with it the pustules heal.)


xochipalli

From xōchitl (“flower”) + pā (“to dye”) + -lli.


cihtli

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c. 1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r. yn huehuetque yllamatque. catca yn tocihuan tocolhuan yn tachtõhuan yn tomintonhuan yn topiptonhuã yn tochichicahuan (those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great grandparents, great-grandmothers, our forefathers)


cihtli

Liebre animal. citli.
(A hare; the animal. citli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 155v:

Citli. liebre,abuela, o tia hermana de abuelo.
(Citli. a hare, a grandmother, or an aunt (who is the) sister of a grandfather.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 22v. col. 1:


ahuacamolli

āhuacamōlli (canonical)
auacamolli (alternative)
auacamulli (alternative)

desctree

Spanish: guacamole, guacamol (Central America, Cuba)
→ English: guacamole
→ German: Guacamole

Equivalent to āhuacatl (“avocado”) + mōlli (“sauce, broth”).

compound

Auacamulli. manjar de auacates con chilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 9r. col. 2:

Auacamulli. a delicacy of avocados with chili.


ahuatl

Enzina. auaquauitl.auatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 109r:

Idem, f. 216v.
Roble arbol. auaquauitl. auatl.
An oak tree. auaquauitl. auatl.

Enzina. auaquauitl. auatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 57v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 105r. col. 2.
Roble arbol. auaquauitl. auatl.
An oak tree. auaquauitl. auatl.

Idem, f. 9r. col. 2.

Auatl. an oak tree, a woolly worm, or a thorn.

Auatl. enzina,roble, guſano lanudo. o eſpina.


ahuatl

Auatl. enzina,roble, guſano lanudo. o eſpina.

āhuātl, ambas largas, gusano lanudo de arbol.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della:

āhuātl, with both vowels long, a woolly tree worm.


ahuehuetl

Spanish: ahuehuete


ixtli

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *punsi-ta (“eye”).


tlahtlacolli

tlahtlacōlli (canonical)
tlatlacolli (alternative)

Ahmō notlahtlacōl.

(It's not my fault.)

caotiualla, tinechnextilico ĩmotlatlacol:
(You have come here, you have come to confide your sins to me.)

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breue, en lengua Mexicana y Castellana:


tlahtlacoani

tlahtlacoāni (canonical)
tlahtlacoānimeh (plural)
tlàtlacoāni (alternative)
tlatlacouani (alternative)

tlahtlacoā "to do wrong; to sin" + -ni (habitual suffix)

monequi vel tiquilnamiquiz ca titlatlacouani
cõuiene q̃ te acuerdes que eres pecd̓or

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breve en lengua mexicana y castellana:

Timochintin tlālticpac titlacà titlàtlacoānimê. Todos los hombres somo pecadores.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 14v-15r:


oquichtli

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales

Oquichtin. varones.
(Oquichtin. men, males.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 77v. col. 2:

17C, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Crónica mexicayotl, f. 48r–v

(Is he really a manly warrior? Does Axayaca really take captives? As is known, are they not only salt-making slaves whom he buys and brings hither to Mexico, so that Axayaca appears to be a manly warrior?)

cuix nelli yn oquichtli, axayaca cuix nelli yn tlamani yaoc yn iuh machizti amo çã niztatlaca tlacoti yn quimonmococohuia yn quin hualhuica nican mexico, ynic oquichneci axayaca


eptli

Oſtia peſcado. amatzcalli. eptli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 185v:

Oſtia peſcado. amatzcalli. eptli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 91r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 29r. col. 1.

Eptli. a shell, or an oyster of the sea.

EPTLI: çan no iehoatl in atzcalli, iehoatl in tapalcaiotl in omjtl, in petlanj, in peetlaca.

16c, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 3, paragraph 3


ezzoh

From eztli (“blood”) + -yoh (“covered in”).

(someone/something) bloody, covered in blood.

(someone/something) blooded, having blood.


epazoyoh

Tlémolli moca epaçōyò xicchīhuacan, hazed el guisado cõ mucho epaçote.
(Make (pl.) the stew with a lot of epazote.)

Something having much epazote, or smelling of epazote.


epazotl

epazōtl (canonical)
epaçotl (alternative)

→ Spanish: epazote

→ Cebuano: aposotis

→ English: epazote

→ French: épazote

From epatl (“skunk”) + tzotl (“sweat”), named for its odor.


xopantlah

xōpantlah (canonical)
xōpantlà (alternative)

intlā āxcān xōpantlà ticecmiqui, quēn ocyè, vel quēnçan yè ticecmiquiz izcéhuetzilizpan? si aora en verano tienes frio, quãto mas le tẽdras en tiẽpo de frios, y yelos?
(If you are cold now in summer, how much colder will you be in the time of cold and ice?)


cahuitl

cāhuitl (canonical)
cauitl (alternative)


quimichin

quimichtin (plural)
quimichimeh (plural)

Raton. quimichin.cuitlapilhueyac.tepapa.ueçacotl.
(Mouse. quimichin.cuitlapilhueyac. tepapa. ueçacotl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 208v:

Quimichin. raton. Like mouse. )
(Quimichin. mouse or rat.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 90r. col. 1:


nacaocuilin

From nacatl (“meat”) + ocuilin (“worm”).

Guſano de carne. nacaocuilin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 134r:

Naca ocuilin. guſano de carne dañada.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 61v. col. 2:


conetl

conētl (animate canonical)
cōconeh (plural)

Hijo generalmente. tepiltzin. tetelpuch. y las mugeres dizen. noconeuh.
A son generally. tepiltzin. tetelpuch. and the women say: noconeuh.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 140r:

Cocone .niños o niñas.
(Cocone. boys or girls.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23v. col. 2:

Conetl. niño o niña .
(Conetl. a boy or a girl.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 24v. col. 1:

(in compounds) (it is) the offspring of an animal


tlacamictiani

tlācatl "person" + mictiā "kill" + -ni (habitual suffix)

tlācamictiāni, el que mata à personas.
(Tlācamictiāni is one who kills people.)


xalli

Compare Michoacán Nahuatl xali, Tetelcingo Nahuatl xöli̱.

Arena. xalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 23r:


acolhuah

ācōlhuah (canonical)
ācōlhuahqueh (plural)
acolhua (alternative)

An Acolhua; an inhabitant of Acolhuacan, the region of Texcoco.


ocelotl

head

ōcēlōtl anim (plural ooceloh or ocelomeh)

ōcēlōtl (animate canonical)
ooceloh (plural)
ocelomeh (plural)
oçelotl (alternative)
ocëlötl (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: oselotl

Central Nahuatl: ocelotl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: ocelotl

Pipil: uselut

→ Spanish: ocelote

→ Lithuanian: ocelotas

→ French: ocelot

→ Dutch: ocelot

→ English: ocelot

→ German: Ozelot

→ Italian: ocelot

→ Polish: ocelot

Ocelotl. tigre. […] / Ocelome. tigres.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 75r. col. 2:

Ocelotl. a jaguar. […] / Ocelome. jaguars.

ibid., f. 77v. col. 1.
Oocelo. tigres.
Oocelo. jaguars.

oquitlalílique miec ytlahuitol, ce cuauhtlí tlacuicuítl, ce ozelotl ycxitlan

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo Mexicano, f. 7r:

They buried him with very many of his things: his bow, an eagle carved of wood, a jaguar at his feet

ibid., f. 11r.

There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts

onca:ncamaía, tepe Zolime, totochtin, cuahtotolim, Mazame, oze lome, cuamíztin, tecuanímê

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 22r
camo çan quexquich yn ompa onoque yn ompa tlapia yn tequanime yn cuecuetlachtin. yn ocelome. yn mimiztin yn cocohua

Countless fierce animals were there; bears, jaguars, mountain lions, snakes were on guard.

ocēlōtl, tigre. Pl. ōocēlō. [...] ocēlōmê tigres.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 4v:

ocēlōtl, a jaguar. Pl. ōocēlō. … ocēlōmê jaguar.

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.
naVi oçelotl. q qujere dezir quatro tigres.
navi oçelotl. that is to say, four tigers.

(it is) the fourteenth of the twenty day signs of the tonalpohualli; a jaguar or disembodied jaguar's head.


yollotl

Central Nahuatl: yolotl


tlacamazatl

tlācamazātl (canonical)
tlacamaçatl (alternative)

tlācatl "person" + mazātl "deer; wild beast; horse"

de sagitario. ypan quicuepa centauro tlacamaçatl

17C: Chimalpahin, British and Foreign Bible Society MS 374, vol. 3, fol. 64r.

De nobiebre. Sangitarius tlacamaçatl

A centaur (in descriptions of the sign of Sagittarius).


pipiyolin

pipiyoltin (plural)
pipiyoli (alternative)
pipiolin (alternative)


apostolo

[ápoʃˈtóːlóʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish apóstolo, from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “messenger, one sent forth”).

der

(Christianity) (he is) an apostle; one of the Twelve Apostles.


colli

cōlli (canonical)
cōltin (absolutive plural)
īcōl (possessive singular)

yn huehuetque yllamatque. catca yn tocihuan tocolhuan yn tachtõhuan yn tomintonhuan yn topiptonhuã yn tochichicahuan

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r.:

those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great grandparents, great-grandmothers, our forefathers


pilli

Noble por fama conocido. pilli.mauizçotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 181r.:

A noble, (someone) known by fame. pilli.mauizçotl.

Pilli. cuallero, o noble perſona.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 81v. col. 2.:

auh ynin Pipiltin chichimeca, omo çecan xe lo que. ynic nican cecapal huíc tezcôco,

c1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 28v.:

And these Chichimec nobles separeted themselves, coming here by way of Tetzcoco.

(chiefly in compounds or derivatives) child


yolqui

From yōli (“live”) + -qui. Compare yōlcatl (“insect”).


yohualli

yoalli (alternative)
youalli (alternative)
yovalli (alternative)

Noche generalmente. youalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 181r:


tzopilotl

Spanish: zopilote


xocoyotl

→ Spanish: xocoyote


mahpilxocoyotl

mahpilxōcoyōtl (canonical)
mapilxocoyotl (alternative)

mahpilli (“finger”) + xōcoyōtl (“youngest child”)