nican tlacatl

nicān tlācatl (canonical)
nicān tlācah (plural)

c. 1550–80: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 12

(They got themselves up as the local people do, putting on devices, tying cloaks on to disguise themselves)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

in iuh mochichioa nican tlaca: no iuh mochichioaia, tlaviztli cōmaquiaia, tilmatli pani quimolpiliaia, inic mixpoloaia


epyollohtli

epyōllohtli (canonical)
epyollotli (alternative)

From eptli (“oyster”) + yōllohtli (“heart”).

Perla. epyollotli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 194r:

Perla. epyollotli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 95r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 29r. col. 1.

Epyollotli. a precious pearl, or a seed pearl.


maxactli

Cognate with Mecayapan Nahuatl maxa' /maʃaʔ/.

Muſlo por parte de dentro. tomaxac.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:

16th c., Annals of Cuauhtitlan
imaxac caquilliaya in imatzotzopaz, auh tlamatocaya inacayo iitic
he would insert his forearm into her crotch, and feel inside her body

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


teixcuepani

tēīxcuepani (canonical)
teixcuepanj (alternative)

Vitzilubuchtli: çan maceoalli, çan tlacatl catca: naoalli, tetzaujtl, atlacacemelle, teixcuepanj

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 1

(Huitzilopochtli was only a common man, just a man, a sorcerer, an omen of evil; a madman, a deceiver)


mahuizzotl

mahuizzōtl (canonical)
mahuiçotl (alternative)
mahuiçōtl (alternative)
mahuizçotl (alternative)
mahuizotl (alternative)
mahuizyotl (alternative)
mauizçotl (alternative)

Auh in quenman, qujtemacaia, in necujltonolli: intlatqujtl, in oqujchiotl, in tiacauhiutl, in tecuiotl, in tlatocaiutl, in pillotl, in mauizçotl.

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 1

(But sometimes he bestowed riches — wealth, heroism, valor, position of dignity, rulership, nobility, honor.)

f. 7r: De mahuiçōtl la honra sale mahuiçô, persona que tiene honra
(From mahuiçōtl, honor, comes mahuiçô, person who has honor)
f. 54v: de mahuizçotl, honra, sale mahuizçô, persona de honra.
(from mahuizçotl, honor, comes mahuizçô, honored person.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della:


tatapahtli

tatapàtli, manta gruessa vieja, y remendada
(tatapàtli, coarse old patched blanket)

an old piece of fabric that has been mended


tecciztli

Quinye yuh ontlami in tlaqua, in ye ōcuēl quicac in tēcciztli mopitza, acabaua de comer, quando oyo tocar el caracol
(He had just finished eating when he heard the conch trumpet sound)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 85r:


oxitl

alternative or obsolete spelling of ohxitl


oxinamacac

oxinamacaqueh (plural)
oxinamacaque (alternative)

Auh yn jquac ilhujquixtiloia yn oxinamacaque, motlacacoujaia, tlacamjctiaia

(And when the feast day was celebrated, they who sold the turpentine unguent bought slaves and slew them.)


michhuah

michhuahqueh (plural)
michuâ (alternative)
Michhuâ (alternative)
mjchoaque (alternative plural)

michin (“fish”) + -huah (“possessor of”).

suffix

De michin, pescado sale michuâ, dueño de pescado
(From michin, fish, comes michuâ, owner of fish)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 18v:

(he or she is) one who has or holds fish.

In amehoantin, in njcan antlaca, in nueue españa: in anmexica, in antlaxcalteca, in ancolulteca, in anmjchoaque

(You who are natives in New Spain, you Mexicans, you Tlaxcalans, you Cholulans, you Michoaca)

Michhuàcān, Mechoacan. Michhuâ, natural de Mechoacan; y tambien significa dueño de pescado.
(Michhuàcān, Michoacan, and Michhuâ, native of Michoacan, and also possessor of fish.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 57r:

(he or she is) an inhabitant of Michoacán; a Tarascan or P'urhépecha.


otomitl

otomih (plural)
otontin (plural)
Otomitl (alternative)
otomi (alternative)
Otomî (alternative)

17C: Crónica Mexicayotl
auh in yehuantin yn oncan chaneque yn otomi. çan quinmotetzanhuia
(But the [local] inhabitants, the Otomí, considered them an evil portent.)

Otomitl, de nacion Otomi [...] Otomî

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 4r:


mixtecatl

"Inhabitant of the place of clouds", from mixtli "cloud". Compare Mixtec ñuudzahui, "rain people".


temictli

Sueño lo que ſoñamos. temictli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 230r:

Tlein quinēzcāyōtia īnin tēmictli? [...] Que significa este sueño?
(What does this dream mean?)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 101v:

Sueño vano. çannen temictli.yztlacatemictli.

çan yuhquin cochìtlēhualli tēmictli īpan ticmatizquè iniz tlalticpac ic pācoa: in totechmonequi yè àcohuic, vel ilhuicacopahuic toconitztiltìtiāzquè in totlaēlēhuiliz. Hemos de mirar como sueños los gustos de la tierra, y encaminar nuestros desseos hàzia lo de arriba, hàzia el cielo.
(We must consider the pleasures of the earth as dreams and direct our desires toward the things of above, towards heaven.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 93v:


canauhtli

head

canauhtli (absolutive plural canauhtin, possessed īcanauh, possessed plural īcanahuān)

¶ Anade. canauhtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 18r:

ibid., f. 190v.
Pato anade domeſtica. canauhtli. caſtillã canauhtli.patox.


zoquixicohcuitlatl

zoquixīcohcuitlatl (canonical)
zoquixicocuitlatl (alternative)


zoquixicocuitlatl

alternative spelling of zoquixicohcuitlatl


canauhtetl

Veuo de patos. canauhtetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 239v:

Veuo de patos. canauhtetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 115v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 12r. col. 2.

Canauhtetl. a duck egg, or that of another anatid.


coamichin

cōāmichin (canonical)
coamichi (alternative)

Anguilla. coamichi.
(An eel. coamichi.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 18v:

Coamichin. anguilla.
(Coamichin. eel.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r. col. 1:


citlalin

citlālin (animate canonical)
cīcitlāltin (plural)
citlali (alternative)
citlalli (alternative)

Eſtrella. citlalli. [sic]

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 120r:

Eſtrella.citlali.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 61r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 22v. col. 1.


campanario

Borrowed from Spanish campanario (“belfry”).


tlacah

plural of tlacatl; (they are) people; persons.


tlacatl

tlācatl (animate canonical)
tlācah (plural)

From Proto-Nahuan *tlaakatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *taka-ta.

(he or she is) a slave (when possessed, cf. notlācauh (“he is my slave”)).


pochotl

pōchōtl (canonical)
pochōtl (alternative)
pōchōtl (alternative)

Central Nahuatl: pochotl

→ Spanish: pochote

w:Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 121r:
mā ihuicpatzinco tihuiān intlàtòcācihuāpilli, in màyuhqui pochōtl, āhuēhuētl, ma itlantzinco titocehuālhuīcān
vamonos à Nueſtra Señora; es à manera de arbol grande, y ſabino, pongamonos à ſu ſombra.
Let us go to our Lady, she is like a great tree and cypress, let us put ourselves in her shade.


atolli

Spanish: atole, xocoatole


cuiloni

Puto que padece. [c]uiloni.chimouhqui.cucuxqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 205r:


tzontecomatl

tzontecomatl (absolutive plural tzontecomameh)

tzontli (“hair”) + tecomatl (“gourd, vessel”)

compound

tzontecomatl. cabeza cortada y apartada del cuerpo.
(tzontecomatl. a head severed and separated from the body.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 153v. col. 1:


tocatl

Araña generalmente. tocatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 22v:


pitzotl

→ Spanish: pizote

→ Hopi: pitsooti

→ Navajo: bisóodi


tzicatl

Hormiga ponçoñoſa. tlatlauhqui azcatl. tlilazcatl. tzicatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 142r:


iztetl

From Proto-Nahuan *ɨstə-, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sutɨ.


penitencia

From Spanish penitencia, from Latin paenitentia.

Auh vel timotlatemoliz, ynic yxquich vel tiquilnamiquiz motlatlacol yuan yxquich motlapal ticchiuaz, inic amo ytlacauiz mopenitencia
Y has de examinar bien tu conſciencia, [par]a traer ala memoria todos tus peccados: y has de efforçarte quanto pudieres, [par]aque no sea im[per]fecta tu penitencia

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario mayor en la lengua Mexicana y Castellana, f. 9r:


ithualli

itoalli (alternative)
itualli (alternative)
ythualli (alternative)

Patio qualquiera. ythualli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 190v:


amoxtli

āmoxtli (canonical)
amuxtli (alternative)

Libro como quiera. amoxtli.
(Any book. amoxtli.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 155r:

Amoxtli. libro de eſcriptura.
(Amoxtli. a book of writings.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5v. col. 2:

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1.


netlapololtiliztli

ne- + tlapolōltia "to disorient" + -liztli

ca cenca vey tlaiooalli, yoan netlapololtiliztli, yn atlaneltoqujliztli, in tlateutoqujliztli, in jpan oamechcauhtiaque yn amotahoan, yn amoculhoan, yn amachcoculhoan

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(Very great was the darkness and the confusion, the unbelief, the idolatry in which your fathers, your grandfathers, your great-grandfathers left you)


tlayohualli

tlaiooalli (alternative)
tlayoalli (alternative)


neci

(intransitive) To appear; become visible.

yn juh neci, in ipã ie uecauh amotlacujlol

(as is evident in your ancient picture writings)

(intransitive) To seem; to appear to be a certain way.


ilhuicac tlahtohcayotl

ilhuicac tlahtohcāyōtl (canonical)
Ilhuicac Tlahtohcayotl (alternative)

Literally "rulership in the sky"; a calque of Spanish reino de los cielos (“reign of the heavens”), itself a calque of Ancient Greek βασιλεία τῶν ουρανῶν (basileía tôn ouranôn), from the Gospel of Matthew.

der

βασιλεία τῶν ουρανῶν

injc inmac anqujçazque in diablosme: ioan ynjc anqujcnopilvizque yn jlvicac tlatocaiotl.

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(that you may escape the hands of the devils, and that you may attain the Kingdom of Heaven.)

17C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 5v.

(He alone accords one His grace and His glory, the Kingdom of Heaven)

çan iceltzin quimotemaquilia yn igr̅a. yhuan yn igloriatzin, yn ilhuicac tlahtocayotl.

Quemmach huel Yehuantin, in Icnotlacatzitzintin, in Inyollocopa motilinia; (los pobres voluntarios) yehica ca Imaxca in Ilhuicac Tlatocayotl.
([Matthew 5:3] Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.)

1759, Ignacio de Paredes, Promptuario Manual Mexicano, page 361:


coztic teocuitlatl

cōztic teōcuitlatl (canonical)
cuztic teocuitlatl (alternative)

From cōztic (“something yellow”) + teōcuitlatl (“silver, gold”).

compound

Oro. cuztic teocuitlatl. tetl coçauhqui.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 91r. col. 1:

Gold. cuztic teocuitlatl. tetl coçauhqui.

Idem, f. 27v. col. 2.
Cuztic teocuitlatl. oro.
Cuztic teocuitlatl. gold.

ynînque yn achto oquihualhuîcaque tlaollí Ychcatl Yhuá mochí ynoccequí achotl, mahuíztíc chalchiuhte me, coztic teocuytlatl, Yztac teocuitlatl
(Thus as they first came here, they carried dried maize kernels, cotton, and all other seeds, marvelous turquoise stones, yellow gold, and silver.)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r. yn chalchihuitl. yn coztic teocuitlatl. yn quetzalli. yn quetzalitztli. yn tapachtli. yn tlapaltehuilotl. yn tlaçotlaquẽtli. (of precious green stones, of gold, of quetzal feathers, of emerald-green jade, of spondylus shells, of amethysts, of costly clothing.)


iztac teocuitlatl

From iztāc (“something white”) + teōcuitlatl (“gold, silver”).

ynînque yn achto oquihualhuîcaque tlaollí Ychcatl Yhuá mochí ynoccequí achotl, mahuíztíc chalchiuhte me, coztic teocuytlatl, Yztac teocuitlatl

Thus as they first came here, they carried dried maize kernels, cotton, and all other seeds, marvelous turquoise stones, yellow gold, and silver.


tlachueyac

tlāchueyac (canonical)
tlachuiac (alternative)
tlachuiyac (alternative)

Mitoa, motenehua cayehuantin Yn Tolteca tlachueyaque
(It is said, it is mentioned that they, the Toltecs, were large of body.)


tlapallahcuiloh

tlapallahcuilohqueh (plural)
tlapallácuiló (alternative)

Preterite agentive of tlapallahcuiloa, from tlapalli "color" + tlahcuiloa "to paint".

1570: petition of a group of painters to the Spanish alcalde mayor yn téhuantin titlapallácuilóque nican tochan tollantzinco (we painters whose home is here in Tulancingo)


tlapallácuilóque

alternative spelling of tlapallahcuilohqueh


titlapallácuilóque

alternative spelling of titlapallahcuilohqueh


tepezolin

tepēzōlin (canonical)
tepēzōlimeh (plural)
tepeçulin (alternative)

From tepētl (“mountain”) + zōlin (“quail”).

Perdiz aue conocida. tepeçulin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 193v:

Tepeçulin. perdiz.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 102v. col. 2:

onca:ncanaía, tepe Zolime. totochtin, cuauhtotolim, Mazame, ozo lome, cuamíztin, tecuanímê, […]

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 11r:

There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts; […]


cuauhtotolin

head

cuauhtōtolin (animate, plural cuauhtōtolmeh)

cuauhtōtolin (canonical)
cuauhtōtolmeh (plural)

From cuahuitl (“tree, wood”) + tōtolin (“turkey”).

compound

Penelope purpurascens
Penelope purpurascens#Translingual


cuauhmiztli

cuauhmiztin (plural)
cuammiztli (alternative)
cuamiztli (alternative)
quauhmiztli (alternative)

onca:ncamaía, tepe Zolime, totochtin, cuahtotolim, Mazame, oze lome, cuamíztin [superscript: quauhmiztin], tecuanímê
(There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts)


mintontli

Nieto tercero o nieta tercera. mintontli. teminton.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180v:

c. 1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18v. in tehuantin yn titepilhuan yn titeyxhuihuan yn titeyccatotonhuan yn titemintotonhuan yn titepiptotonhuan yn titechichicahuan. yn titetlapallohuan yn titeheçohuan (we sons, grandsons, younger brothers, great-great-grandchildren, great-grandchildren, we, their descendants, their offspring)

c. 1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r. yn huehuetque yllamatque. catca yn tocihuan tocolhuan yn tachtõhuan yn tomintonhuan yn topiptonhuã yn tochichicahuan (those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great grandparents, great-grandmothers, our forefathers)


piptontli

Viſauela. piptontli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 244r:

Great-grandmother, or great-grandfather's sister.


chichicatl

Hiel. chichicatl.techichicauh.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 139v:


ixhuiuhtli

ixhuīuhtli (canonical)
yxhuiuhtli (alternative)
yxuiuhtli (alternative)

Nieto o nieta. yxuiuhtli. teixuiuh.
[...]
Nietos deſcendientes abaxo. tepilhuan.teixuiuan.

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18v.
in tehuantin yn titepilhuan yn titeyxhuihuan yn titeyccatotonhuan yn titemintotonhuan yn titepiptotonhuan yn titechichicahuan. yn titetlapallohuan yn titeheçohuan

we sons, grandsons, younger brothers, great-great-grandchildren, great-grandchildren, we, their descendants, their offspring

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 32r–v. quilhuia. totecuiyoye noxhuiuhtzine. tlacatle tlahtohuanie timitztotlalcahualtizque. timitztotlapololtizque. yn timomacehualhuan. ca mitzmotlatlauhtilia. yn mocolhuan (They said to him: Our lord, my grandson, lord, ruler, we [do not wish to] make you forgetful, to confuse and distract you, we who are your subjects. We beg you, we your grandfathers)


ahtlanqui

ah- "not" + tlami "come to an end" + -qui

c1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 20r–v yn cenquizcahueyhuecapan yn atlancatzintli yn atzonquizqui. yn iteoyotzin Dios. (the most perfectly sublime, infinite, eternal divinity of God)


quetzalli

desctree

→ Spanish: quetzal
→ Catalan: quetzal
→ Dutch: quetzal
→ English: quetzal
→ French: quetzal
→ German: Quetzal

From quetza (“to raise, lift, stand”) + -lli.

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot the troupial, the eagle)

Nopilhtze, nocuzque, noquetzale

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana:


quetzalitztli

From quetzalli (“quetzal feather”) + ītztli (“obsidian”).

compound

vel qujciiavj vel qujhiiouja, ynic qujtemoa in chalchiujtl, in quetzalitztli

(Greatly were they wearied, much did they suffer to seek out the precious green stones, emerald-green jade)


xiuhtototl

[ʃiʍˈtóːtoːt͡ɬ]

From xihuitl (“turquoise”) + tōtōtl (“bird”).

Xiuhtototl: [...] iuhquj, ixqujch in tzanatl. tenvitztic, tentliltic: in jielpan aiopaltic

16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 11, chapter 2, paragraph 1

(Lovely cotinga: [...] It is like all the slender-billed grackles. The bill is pointed, black. Its breast is purple, [etc.])
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Motech patlantinemi yn Xiuhtototl, yn tzinytzcan, yn tlauhquechol yn Zaquan.
(The blue cotinga, the trogon, the roseate spoonbill, and the troupial fly around on you [sc. the earth].)

17th century, Pedro Calderón de la Barca (Spanish), Bartolomé de Alva (Nahuatl translation), El Gran Teatro del Mundo, f. 2r.

16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1, chapter 19

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot the troupial, the eagle)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

circa 1609 Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Crónica mexicayotl, f. 24r

(And they will also give you the various kinds of feathers—cotinga, spoonbill, trogon)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

auh yn nepapan yhuitl yhuan amechmacazq̃. yn xiuhtototl yn tlauhquechol yn tzinitzca.


tlauhquechol

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot the troupial, the eagle

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r

And they will also give you the various kinds of feathers—cotinga, spoonbill, trogon


tzinitzcan

tzinitzca (alternative)
tzinjtzcan (alternative)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r auh yn nepapan yhuitl yhuan amechmacazq̃. yn xiuhtototl yn tlauhquechol yn tzinitzca. (And they will also give you the various kinds of feathers—cotinga, spoonbill, trogon)


petlazolcoatl

petlazolcōātl (canonical)
petlaçolcoatl (alternative)
petlaçolcohuatl (alternative)

From petlazolli (“old mat”) + cōātl (“snake”).

Cciento [sic] pies guſano. petlaçolcoatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 64r:

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 25r ca mochi quinotza yn petlaçolcohuatl. yn tocatl. (She summoned all [manner of] centipedes and spiders.)


cueyatl

cuecueyah (plural)
cuiyatl (alternative)
cueiatl (alternative)

Rana. cueyatl.cuiyatl.acacuiyatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 208r:

Auh in pipiltotonti muchintin qujntlaxqujaia: yn aca coatl: cujiatl, xoujli, axolotl, tototl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(And all the little children roasted some snakes, frogs, small white fish, the axolotl, birds)

yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli.
(And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, draonfly, larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)

c. 1609, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r:


acocilin

ācōcīlin (canonical)
ācōcīltin (plural)
acocili (alternative obsolete)

Cf. acuicilin; Tetelcingo Nahuatl öcusili̱.

¶ Acocili: iuhqujn chacali. Injtzontecon: iuhqujn chapoLtzontecomatl, tepitvn, iaiactvntli, mâmaie.

[1569], Bernardino de Sahagún, editor, Florentine Codex, volume 3, page 68r:

The acocil is like a shrimp. Its head is like a grasshopper's head. It is small, small and dark, has many legs.

c1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli. (And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, dragonfly larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)


aneneztli

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli. (And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, dragonfly larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)


ahuihuitla

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli. (And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, draonfly, larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)


xiuhtotonacocheh

xiuhtōtōnacocheh (canonical)
xiuhtotonacoche (alternative)

xiuhtōtōnacochtli "Lovely Continga-feather ear pendant" + -eh "possessor"

Auh ynjc muchichioaia: xiuhtotonacacohe catca

(And he was thus arrayed: he had an ear pendant of lovely continga feathers)

One that has an ear pendant of Lovely Continga feathers.


xiuhtotonacoche

alternative spelling of xiuhtotonacocheh


xiuhtotonacochtli

xiuhtōtōtl "Lovely Cotinga" + nacochtli "ear pendant"

An ear pendant of Lovely Continga feathers.


huitzitzilnahualeh

huitzitzilnahualli "hummingbird disguise" + -eh "possessor"

Auh ynjc muchichioaia, … vitzitzilnaoale

(And he was thus arrayed: ... His was the hummingbird disguise.)


huitzitzilnahualli

huitzitzilin "hummingbird" + nahualli "disguise"


aztatzoneh

āztatzoneh (canonical)
aztatzone (alternative)

āztatzontli (“ornament of Snowy Egret feathers”) + -eh (“possessor”)

Auh ynjc muchichioaia, … aztatzone

(And he was thus arrayed: ... he had a crown of heron feathers)

One that has a Snowy Egret-feather ornament.


aztatzontli

āztatl "Snowy Egret" + tzontli "hair; head"


ocelocopileh

ocelocopilli "conical jaguar-skin headpiece" + -eh "possessor"

Auh yujn yn muchichioaia: ocelocopile

(And he was thus arrayed: he had a conical ocelot skin cape.)

One that has a conical jaguar-skin headpiece.


ocelocopilli

ocelotl "jaguar" + copilli "conical headpiece"


yaotenhuah

yāōtēnhuah (canonical)
yāōtēnhuahqueh (plural)

yāōtl (“enemy; war”) + tēntli (“lip; edge”) + -huah (“possessor”).

yn jxqujch techiaoalotoc, yn iautenoaque, yn iaotenco onoque, qujnoalcaoaia yn jnmalhoan, yn jntlaaxioan

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(All who lay surrounding, those who held the enemy borders, those who dwelt on the enemy borders brought their captives, their prisoners here.)

those near the enemy border; those on the front line


tocatzahualli

tocatzāhualli (canonical)
tocatzaoalli (alternative)

ic mjtoaia, ic moteneoaia, intla tlaçolli, yntla tocatzaoalli, yntla tzontli, intla tecolli, vncan vetztoc: ic mjtoaia, aço tetlaxima, aço ichtec

(It was said, it was affirmed, that if dirt, cobwebs, a hair, charcoal lay fallen there, then it was said he was either an adulterer or a thief)


tzapotecatl

Tzapotecatl (canonical)
tzapotecah (plural)
Tzapotecatl (alternative)

tzapotl (“sapote”) + tecatl (“inhabitant of place”).

Anaoatl iteouh: tzapoteca in vel inteuh catca,

c. 1500, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex book 1

He was the god of the seashore people, the proper god of the Zapotecs.


teoxihuitl

teōxihuitl (canonical)
teuxiujtl (alternative)

vel quijciiavj vel qujhiiouja, ynic qujtemoa … in teuxiujtl

(Greatly were they wearied, much did they suffer to seek out ... fine turquoise)


toztli

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot, the troupial, the eagle)


ocelopetlatl

ōcēlōpetlatl (canonical)
ocelupetlatl (alternative)

vel qujciiavj vel qujhiiouja, ynic qujtemoa … in tequaneoatl, yn ocelupetlatl.

(Greatly were they wearied, much did they suffer to seek out ... the skins of fierce animals, rugs of ocelot skins)


regidor

head

regidor (animate, plural regidores or regidoresmeh)

regidores (plural)
regidoresmeh (plural)
Regidor (alternative)
Rexidor (alternative)

1583: grant of a site for a house, San Miguel Tocuillan Do jua Migel Regidor (Don Juan Miguel, regidor.)

1720: confirmation of the status of fields belonging to Santa Elena (Tulancingo)

(And all of us, governor, regidor mayor, and alcaldes, all of us officials of the commonwealth)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

auh tiquitohua timochintin Gouᵒʳ Rexidor mᵒʳ yhuan alcaldes timochintin ofiçiales de rrepublica

(he is) a regidor; an alderman or councilman.


teuhtli tlahzolli

c1600: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(When he walked on the earth, he quickened vice and sin.)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Jn jquac nemja tlalticpac, iehoatl qujiolitiaja, in teuhtli tlaçolli


tlahzolli

Alternative form of tlazōlli (“trash, rubbish, manure”), assuming the derivation tla- + the patientive of ihzoloa (“to wear out”).


tapachtli

Coral. tapachtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 55r:


corregidoryotl

Corregimiento. corregidoryotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 55v:

a corregimiento; the jurisdiction of a corregidor


tlacamecayotl

From tlācatl (“person”) + mecatl (“rope”) + -yōtl.

Casta linaje. tlacamecayotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 45v:


tzonhuaztli

tzonhuāztli (canonical)
tzonvaztli (alternative)
tzouaztli (alternative)

Lazo. tzouaztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 153r:

Juh qujtoaia, ca iehoatl itlatzintil, ytlanextil, qujnexti, qujteittiti in matlatl, yn atlatl, yn mjnacachalli, yn avictli, tzonvaztli.

(They said that he invented, he revealed, the net, the atlatl, the trident, the pole for properlling boats, the bird snare—these were his innovations, his inventions.)


cenxiquipilli

From ce (“one”) (combining form cen-) + xiquipilli (“a bag; 8,000”).

cexiquipilli (alternative)
çenxiquipilli (alternative)


zahuatl

çahuatl (alternative)
çáhuátl (alternative)
çăhuătl (alternative)

17C: Chimalpahin, "Don Gabriel de Ayala's Year Count", f. 80r.
¶ xi calli xihuitl 1529 años ypan in çahuatl momanaco totomonihuac
(The year Eleven House, 1529. At this time smallpox prevailed; there were blisters.)

Çáhuátl, ambas breues, sarna, ò viruelas, ò cosas semejante.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 127r:

Çahuatl, with both vowels short, rash, smallpox, or the like.


toloatzin

→ Spanish: toloache

toloa "bow one's head" + -tzin (honorific/diminutive)

Datura inoxia
Datura inoxia#Translingual

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual

A hallucinogenic plant of species Datura inoxia, often confused with Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), another hallucinogenic plant.


cemihcac

cem- (“whole; entire”) + ihca (“be standing”) + -c

confix

Siempre, aduerbio. muchipa.cemicac.aiccaui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 225v:

17C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 3v.

([John 3:16] For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.)

Jn dios. tetatzin inic cenca oquimotlaçotili in cemanahuac tlaca. oquinmomaquili in itlaçopiltzin. in çan iceltzin mehuiltia ynic amo polihuiz yn çaço aquin quimoneltoquitia. çan quicnopilhuiz. quimaxcatiz. in cemicac nemiliztli


propheta

From Spanish propheta (archaic spelling of profeta), from Latin prophēta, from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs).

17C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 4r.
ca intlanel ce Angel. ahnoço aca huei sancto, ahnoço aca huei propheta xiqualmihualiani

Supposing that You had sent an angel or some great saint or some great prophet here


teuctlacozauhqui

teuctli (“lord”) + tla- (“?”) + cozauhqui (“yellow”)

compound

tecutlacoçauhqui (alternative)
teuctlacoçauhqui (alternative)

Biuora grande pintada. tecutlacoçauhqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 33v:

itech qujça in tecutli, yoan coçauhquj: injc mjtoa tecutlacoçauhquj, quil imachcauh in cocooa

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chaapter 5, paragraph 1

(it comes from "lord" and "yellow." It is called "yellow lord" because it is said to be the leader of the serpents.)

quauhtli yn nopã ycac oçelotl yn nopan ycac cuetlachtli yn nopan ycac teuctlacoçauhqui y nopan mani çenca nechmauhtia yn notemic

(An eagle is standing on top of me. A jaguar is standing on top of me. A wolf is standing on top of me. A rattlesnake is lying on top of me. My dream terrifies me.)


tlilcoatl

tlīlcōātl (canonical)
tlilcooatl (alternative)

⸿ Acoatl: tlilcooatl, atlan chane

c'''. 1576, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, volume 3, lib. II, cap. IV, párr. III, page 73v:

Middle American indigo snake (Drymarchon melanurus).


tecutlacoçauhqui

alternative spelling of teuctlacozauhqui


tix

first-person plural possessive plural of īxtli; (they are) our eyes.


techalotl

A squirrel; any of several species of the genus Sciurus.


tonalmitl

Rayo del ſol. tonameyotl. tonalmitl.
(Ray of sunshine. tonameyotl. tonamitl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 207v:

tonalmitl. rayo del ſol.
(tonalmitl. sunbeam.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 149v. col. 1:


ychteccatetlatzontequiliani

ychtecqui (“thief”) + tetlatzontequiliani (“judge”)

Iuez delos ladrones. ychtecca tetlatzontequiliani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 145r:


tepatlachuiani

te- + patlachuia (“to have lesbian sex with”) + -ni

Muger que lo haze a otra. tepatlachuiani.tepatlachui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178r:


gadana

Borrowed from Spanish catana, derived from Japanese 刀(かたな) (katana).

oncan quitecatihui ce gadana tepoztli yuhqui yn imespada ypã ponhui

there they place a katana of metal, which counts as their sword

(weaponry) katana (type of Japanese longsword)


cuitlatlotli

cuitlatl (“excrement”) + tlotli (“hawk”)

Sacre eſpecie de halcon. cuitlatlotli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 219r:


cuetzpalin

Lagartija. cuetzpalin.topitl. topitzin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152r:

Idem, 220r.

Lagartija. cuetzpalin topitl. topitzin.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76v. col. 1:

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.
chicume cuez / palj. q quiere / dezir siete lagar / tijas.
chicume cuez palj. [sic] which means “seven lizards”.

The fourth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, corresponding to this animal.


acuetzpalin

From ātl (“water”) + cuetzpalin (“lizard”).

Lagarto grande de agua. acuetzpalin.

Lagarto grande de agua.acuetzpalin.

A large aquatic reptile; an alligator or caiman.


ichtecqui

From ichtequi (“to steal”) + -qui (agentive).

Ladron eſcondido. ychtecqui.ychtequini.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152r:

In ichtecqui quintlacuìcuīlia in nènenquê, el ladron quita à los caminantes lo que lleuan

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 63r:

The thief takes what they are carrying from those passing by.


mecahuehuetl

mecahuēhuētl (canonical)
mecaueuetl (alternative)

From mecatl (“cord”) + huēhuētl (“drum”).

Laud inſtrumento muſico. mecaueuetl.
(Lute, musical instrument. mecaueuetl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152v:

mecaueuetl. viguela, o harpa.
(mecaueuetl. a vihuela or harp.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 55r. col. 1:


teococoliztli

Lepra. teococoliztli. teococolizpalaniliztli.

1555, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 154r:


teococolizpalaniliztli

teōcocoliztli "leprosy" + palāniliztli "rottenness; infection"

Lepra. teococoliztli.teococolizpalaniliztli.


mizconetl

Compound of miztli (“puma”) + conētl (“child”)

com+

Leoncillo. miztontli. miztepiton. mizconetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 154r:


xaltozan

xāltozan (canonical)
xaltoçan (alternative)

Liron animal. xaltoçan.uiçacotl.chachauatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 156v:


chachauatl

CHACHAOATL: camaxiqujpile, anoço camaxixiquj: iuhqujn toçan, tomavac, cujtlatomactontli …

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 1, paragraph 7

(POCKET GOPHER: It is the cheek-bagged one; or the cheek-bags. Like the gopher, it is thick, with small, thick back. [etc.])

Merriam's pocket gopher (Cratogeomys merriami).


mayaquen

Lobo o loba, o adiue. cuetlachtli.cuyutl.mayaquen.


icpitl

Luziernaga. ycpitl. copitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 157v:

Luciernaga. ycpitl. copitl. xoxotla. xoxotlato.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 78v. col. 2:

A firefly. ycpitl. copitl. xoxotla. xoxotlato.


tlacatlacuiloliztli

tlacatl (“person”) + tlacuiloliztli (“painting”)

compound

Pintura de hombres. tlacatlacuiloliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 196v:


tlacatlahcuiloh

tlācatlahcuiloh (canonical)
tlācatlahcuilohqueh (plural)
tlacatlacuilo (alternative)

Pintor de hombres. tlacatlacuilo.


tlachihualli

tlachīhualli (canonical)
tlachioalli (alternative)
tlachiualli (alternative)

From tla- + chīhua (“to do, create”) + -lli.

Criatura. tlachiualli.tlapictli.tlayucuxtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 58r:

ibid., f. 138r.
Hechiza coſa hecha. tlachiuhtli. tlayocoxtli. tlachiualli.
Heho, [sic] nombre ſuſtantiuo. tlachiualli.tlayocoztli. [sic]

ibid., f. 182v.
Obra la meſma coſa hecha. tlachiualli. tlachiuhtli.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1, appendix

(the true God, the Creator Who seeth over all His creation.)

in vel nelli dios teiocuianj, in qujmocujtlaujtzinoa, in jxqujch in jtlachioaltzin.

Something made: construction; artifact; creation; handiwork.


teilaquiliztli

From tē- (“someone, people”) + ilaquia (“to drown”) + -liztli.

prefix

16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(And also were attributed to him [Tlaloc] the drowning of people, the thunderbolts.)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Yoan no itech tlamjloia, in teilaqujliztli, in tlaujtequjliztli.

the drowning of someone; the drowning of people


cuetlauhqui

Muſtia planta. cuetlauhqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:


eptapalcatl

eptli (“oyster; pearl”) + tapalcatl (“potsherd”)

compound

Nacar de perla. eptapalcatl.


tlacatiliztli

tlācatiliztli (canonical)
tlācatiliztli (alternative)

Nacimiento de coſas animadas. tlacatiliztli.

oc yuhmōztla ītlācatiliztzin in Totēcuiyo in ōhuāllà in motitlantzin, vn dia antes de Nauidad vino tu mensajero.
(Your messenger came a day before the birth of our Lord [i.e. Christmas].)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 97r:


tzintamalli

Nalga. tzintamalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 179r.:


tepolli

Miembro del hombre. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 171v:

Natura de macho. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 179v:

Pixa. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 197r:


tepoleh

In patlache: ca tlahelcioatl, cioatl xipine tepule

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10

(The hermaphrodite is a detestable woman, a woman who has a penis)


cocoxqui

head

cocoxqui (absolutive plural cocoxqueh, possessive singular īcocoxcāuh, possessive plural īcocoxcāhuān)

cocoxqueh (absolutive plural)
īcocoxcāuh (possessive singular)
īcocoxcāhuān (plural possessive)
cucuxqui (alternative)

Enfermo generalmente. cocoxqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 101r:

Puto que padece [c]uiloni.chimouhqui.cucuxqui.

A gay man who is the passive partner in sex; a bottom.

16th c. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


nahuatlahtoh

nāhuatlahtoh anim (plural nāhuatlahtohqueh)

nāhuatlahtoh (animate canonical)
nāhuatlahtohqueh (plural)
nahuatlahto (alternative)
nahuatlato (alternative)
nauatlato (alternative)

Preterite agentive of nāhuatlahtoa (“to interpret”).

Ynterprete. nauatlato.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 150r:

Ladina coſa. nauatlato. tetlatolmatini.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 151v:

17C: Chimalpahin, Crónica mexicayotl, f. 60r.

(A Spaniard named Juan Grande, an interpreter in the Audiencia Real)

ce español ytoca Juan grande nahuatlahto audiencia real


mochil

[ˈmó.t͡ʃiːɬ]

second-person singular possessive singular of chīlli; (it is) my chili pepper.

second-person singular possessive plural of chīlli; (they are) my chili peppers.


tlacazolchichihualeh

tlācazolchīchīhualeh (canonical)
tlācazolchīchīhualehqueh (plural)
tlacaçolchichiuale (alternative)

tlācazolli (“glutton”) + chīchīhualli (“breasts”) + -eh (“having”)

af

Tetuda de grandes tetas. chichiualatecomatl.chichiualmecapal.chichiualaapilol.tlacaçolchichiuale.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 234r:

Someone that is busty; buxom; has large breasts.


tlacaçolchichiuale

alternative spelling of tlacazolchichihualeh


chichihualmecapalli

chīchīhualmecapalli (canonical)
chichiualmecapal (alternative)
chichiualmecapalli (alternative)
chichioalmecapalli (alternative)

chīchīhualli (“breasts”) + mecapalli (“tumpline”)

compound

Chichioallic … ichichioal, uiuiiac, memecapaltic, chichioalmecapalli, atoltic.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 27, paragraph 9


chichioalmecapalli

alternative spelling of chichihualmecapalli


chichiualmecapal

alternative spelling of chichihualmecapal


zoquiyoh

Enlodada coſa. tlaçoquiuilli.tlaçoquinelolli.tlaçoquialtilli
çoquiyo.mocaçoquitl.çoçoquiyotilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 104r:


xiquipiltontli

From xiquipilli (“bag”) + -tontli (diminutive).

suffix

Bolſa. lo miſmo vel.xiquipiltontli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 34v:


tepoztzotzopaztli

tepoztli (“metal”) + tzotzopaztli (“weaver's reed”)

compound

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1640–41: Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), The Animal Prophet and the Fortunate Patricide, f. 32. Ca yehuatl in yn notepoztzotzopatz [sic] yn ye ypal monemītia yc onicmomāquīxtillì (This is my metal weaver's reed by whose grace he lives and with which I saved him.)


xilotl

Maçorca de mayz antes que ſe quaje el grano. xilotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 159v:

(Cob of maize before the kernel is formed.)

immature, green ear of maize; jilote, baby corn

1640–41, Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El animal profeta y dichoso patricida, f. 18r.
Ma. v timahuiztic tlacatl yeçe yuhqui yn quenin mochihua noyollo cuix çā ytlà nimitzylhuīz
Tiçoc v Tleyn ticmìhtalhuia cuix nixīlōtl cuix aca nechyhtitzayanaz
MALINTZIN: You are an honorable person. Nevertheless, my heart is uneasy about this. Shall I say something to you?

TIZOC: What are you saying? Am I a blabbermouth? Will someone rip it out of me?

One that cannot keep secrets; a blabber; blabbermouth.


cuicatl

Canto cancion. cuicatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 42v:

Idem, f. 43r.

Cancion o canto.cuicatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 24r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 24r. col. 2.

Idem, f. 26v. col. 1.


cuicuitzcatl

cuīcuītzcatl (canonical)
cuīcuītzcameh (plural)
cuīcuītzcatl (alternative)

Golondrina.cuicuitzcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 131r:

CUJCUJTZCATL: tliltontli, tenvitzpil, xopapachton [etc.]

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 2, paragraph 3

(Barn swallow: It is small and black, with small, pointed bill, with small, short legs.)

cuīcuītzcatl, golondrina: cuīcuītzcámê, golondrinas.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaracion de los adverbios della, f. 4r:


cuicuitzcaconetl

From cuīcuītzcatl (“swallow”) + conētl (“child”).

Golondrino pollo nueuo de golondrina. cuicuitzcaconetl.
(A swallow chick or hatchling. cuicuitzcaconetl.)

Cuicuitzcaconetl. golondrino.
(Cuicuitzcaconetl. a swallow chick.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 26v. col. 2:


xamitl

Adobe de barro. xamitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 8r:


xiuhtototic

Xihujtzilli: macitica, motqujtica texotic: xiuhtototic, ticeoac, teuhxiuhtic, xippopoca, teuxippopoca.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 11, chapter 2, paragraph 2

(Costa hummingbird: It is entirely, completely light blue like a cotinga, pale like fine turquoise. It is resplendent like turquoise, like fine turquoise.)


yolcatl

From yōli (“to live”). Compare yōlqui (“living thing, beast of burden”).

Biua coſa como ſauandija. yolcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 33v:

A thing that is alive, like a bug. yolcatl.

Yolcatl. ſauandija.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 39v. col. 2:

quicauyia yn tlen cacia yolcame papalome-

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 2v:

and they ate whatever they found, insects and butterflies.

Idem, f. 15r.

Then they made an offering of various insects.


xonacatl

Cebolla. xonacatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 61r:


teocuitlacozcatl

teōcuitlacōzcatl (canonical)
teocuitlacuzcatl (alternative)

Ioya. teocuitlacuzcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144r:


teocuitlacuzcatl

alternative spelling of teocuitlacozcatl


cuauhpatolli

cuauhpatōlli (canonical)
quauhpatolli (alternative)
cuappatōlli (alternative)

From cuahuitl (“wood”) + patōlli (“board game”).

Iuego de axedrez. quauhpatolli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144v:


ahuillahtolli

āhuillahtōlli (canonical)
auillatolli (alternative)

āhuilli "fun" + tlahtōlli "word; speech; language"

Iuego de palabras. camanallatolli. auillatolli. tentlamachtli. uetzquiztlatolli.


tenamaztli

Nacido con otros dos. tenamaztli. / Nacidos tres deſta manera.tenamaztin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:

Born along with another two. tenamaztli. / Three born in this manner. tenamaztin.


tlatlequiquiztlaltentli

From tlequiquiztlāltēma "to charge with powder".

Cargado arcabuz. tlatlequiquiztlaltentli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 44v:


tlequiquiztlalxoquiyac

tlequiquiztlalli "gunpowder; sulfur" + xoquiyac "smell; stink"

Hedor de piedra çufre o coſa ſemejante. tlequiquiztlalxoquiyac.xoquiyayaliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 138r:


cozticteocuitlaoztotl

coztic teōcuitlatl "gold" + ōztōtl "cave"

Minero de oro. cuztic teocuitlaoztotl.cuztic teocuitlaꝗxtiloyan.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 172r:


miccazayolin

head

miccāzāyōlin (animate, plural miccāzāyōlmeh or miccāzāyōltin)

miccāzāyōlin (canonical)
miccāzāyōlmeh (plural)
miccāzāyōltin (plural)
miccaçaioli (alternative)
miccaçayulin (alternative)

From micqui (“a corpse”) + zāyōlin (“a fly”).

Moſca grande. miccaçayulin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 176r:

inic mitoa miccaçaioli quil intonal in tomiccaoan

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 5, paragraph 14

It is called miccazayolin because it is said to be the fate of our corpses.

(it is) a large bloodsucking fly known to transmit disease.


azcapotzalli

āzcapōtzalli (inanimate, plural āzcapōtzalli)

āzcapōtzalli (canonical)
āzcapōtzalli (plural)
azcaputzalli (alternative)

From āzcatl (“ant”) + *pōtzalli (“mound”).

Hormiguero. azcaxalli.tzicatepetl.azcaputzalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 142r:

An anthill. azcaxalli. tzicatepetl. azcaputzalli.

Hormiguero. azcaxalli. tzicatepetl. azcaputzalli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 72r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 10r. col. 2.


nochtli

Compare Morelos Nahuatl nochtle, Tetelcingo Nahuatl nuchtli̱, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl nochtli.


nacatl

Carne. nacatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 45r:


quiyahuitl

quiyahuitl (plural)
quiahuitl (alternative)
quiauitl (alternative)
quiyauitl (alternative)

Lluuia. quiauitl. vel,quiyauitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 159v:

Aguacero. quiauitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 6r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 89v. col. 1.

16c: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11r.

ome quia Vitl. which means “two rains” or “two downpours”.

ome quia Vitl q / quiere dezir. dos / llo Vezinas o / a gua çeros.

(it is) the nineteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by the rain god Tlaloc.


chocolanamacac

*chocolatl "chocolate" + -namacac "seller of"

Maria lupez. chocolanamacac.
(María López, chocolate seller.)


tlacaxolotl

/t͡ɬaːkaˈʃóːloːt͡ɬ/


capatli

auh yz catqui yn intetlapallohuaya xpianotin yehuatl yn yn quimacaco moteucçomatzin … ontetl capatli = çentetl tliltic = çentetl chichiltic

(And here are the greeting gifts the Christians presented to Moteuczomatzin: … two capes, one black, one red)


teuctlacoçauhqui

alternative spelling of teuctlacozauhqui


teotetl

teōtetl (canonical)
teutetl (alternative)

Azauache. teutetl.
(jet. teutetl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 30r:

teotetl. azauache.
(teotetl. jet.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 101r. col. 2:


teohcalli

teohcalli inan (teohcalli plural, teohcalli)

teohcalli (alternative)
teocalli (alternative)
teucalli (alternative)

From a glottalized form of teōtl (“God”) + calli (“a house; building”).

compound

Ygleſia.lo meſmo vel,teopã.teopantli.teocalli.teopancalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 146v:

A church building. the same as teopã.teopantli.teocalli.teopancalli.

ibid., f. 233r.
Templo. teucalli teupantli
A temple. teoualli. teupantli

(colonial, Catholicism) (it is) a church; a church house.


tlaquimilolli

From tla- + quimiloa (“to wrap”) + -lli.

ytzpapalotl ynexyo yn mitoaya tlaquimilolli

(the ashes of Itzpapalotl—what was called the bundle)


maquauhtopilli

auh yn ipillohuan yn ytiacahuan çeçeyaca yuh mochichihuaya mochintin chichiquiltopilli maquauhtopilli yn quitquitinemia huexotzinca ypã moquixtitinenca

(And as for his nobles and captains, each one was adorned the same way. They all carried harpoon staffs, macana staffs. They looked like Huexotzinca)


chichiquiltopilli

chichiquilli (“harpoon”) + topilli (“staff”)


tepozmahquahuitl

alternative spelling of tepozmaccuahuitl


cacatzac

Negro de guinea. tlilctic. [sic] cacatzac.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180r:

Auh in manel Cacatzactin, Chinotin noço Iapontin, mochintin amoca huetzca amoca paqui ic amechtlatzohuilia
(And even the Blacks, the Chinese or the Japanese all laugh at you and enjoy your misfortunes with which you are ensnared)

1634, Bartolomé de Alva, Confessionario mayor y menor en lengua mexicana, f. 16v:


paquiliztli

pāquiliztli (canonical)
pahpāquiliztli (alternative)

Alegria. papaquiliztli. paquiliztli. ahauializtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 14v:

paquiliztli. gozo y alegria.
(paquiliztli. joy and happiness.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56v. col. 2:


pahcalli

From pahtli (“medicine”) + calli (“house”).

Botica de medicinas. pacalli.papialoya.panamacoya.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 35v:

An apothecary that sells medicines. pacalli. papialoya. panamacoya.

Botica de medicinas.pacalli. papialoyan. panama- / coyan.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 21r. col. 1:

An apothecary that sells medicines. pacalli. papialoyan. panamcoyan.

Idem, f. 78v. col. 1.

Pacalli. an apothecary, or a store that sells medicines.

A place where medicine is sold, an apothecary or pharmacy.


castillan xochitl

Flor o roſa de caſtilla. caſtillan xuchitl.Roſa.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 125r:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1640–41, Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El animal profeta y dichoso patricida, f. 18r. ca nel àhmo nomàcēhual ȳ nicnotlamachtiz yn tlaçocastillan xōchitl ymahuizxāyacatzin (I am not worthy of enjoying the precious rose that is her splendid face.)


millahcatl

mīllahcatl (canonical)
mīllahcah (plural)
mihlacatl (alternative)
millacatl (alternative)
mīllàcatl (alternative)

From mīllah (“place of fields”) + -catl (“inhabitant”).

Aldeano. milla.tlacatl.millacatl.

Labrador ruſtico. millacatl.millatlacatl.milpanecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 151v:

1640–41: Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El animal profeta y dichoso patricida, f. 21r. çan itzotzomà ōhuālyetià yn iuhqui mīhlàcatl (he came dressed just in his rags as though he were a field hand)

De Mīllâ, que significa lugar de sementeras, se forma mīllàcatl, el labrador
(From mīllâ, which means a place with cultivated fields, is formed mīllàcatl, farmer.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 57r:


tototetl

From tōtōtl (“bird”) + tetl (“stone, egg”).

Veuo de paxaro. tototetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 239v:

Nidal,hueuo del nido. tototetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 88v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 115v. col. 1.

Idem, f.151r. col. 1.


cocho

Papagayo aue conocida. cocho.toznene.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 188r:

Cocho. papagayo. / Cochome. papagayos.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r. col. 2:

Amazona albifrons
Amazona albifrons#Translingual


pochtecayotl

pōchtēcayōtl (canonical)
puchtecayotl (alternative)
puchtecaiotl (alternative)

Trato de mercaderia. puchtecayotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 237v:

quimiiaoaiotia, quiiacapitzaoa, in puchtecaiotl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 16

(He takes the top, the lead in merchantry.)


cuauhiztexochitl

cuāhuiztexōchitl (canonical)
quauhiztesuchitl (alternative)
quauhyztexochitl (alternative)
quaviztisuchitl (alternative)

From cuāhuiztetl (“eagle's talon”) + xōchitl (“flower”)

QUAUHIZTESUCHITL, QUAVIZTISUCHITL, xivitl, xoxoctic in jatlapal: texoti in jcueponca, coltic: iuhqujn quauhtli izti ic ca

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 10

(QUAUHIZTEXOCHITL, QUAUHIZTIXOCHITL. It is an herb. Its leaves are green; its blossom is blue. It is curved, like an eagle talon.)

17C: Lope de Vega, Bartolomé de Alva (tr.), La madre de la mejor, f. 64v.

(The eagle-talon flower [etc.] spread about bursting into bloom.)


quauhyztexochitl

alternative spelling of cuauhiztexochitl


tliltzapotl

Compare Highland Puebla Nahuatl ti̱ltzapot, Morelos Nahuatl tliltzapotl, Northern Puebla Nahuatl tliltzapotl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tliltzapotl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl tliltictzapotl.


tepantlahtoani

Abogado.tepantlahtoani.tlatoliquaniani.tlatlatolnamictiani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 2r:

In itepantlàtocahuan in amo neneuhque-tlaxexeloltin altepeme, motacayotia Estados, Distrito ihuan Territorios ac qui chichihua in Mexica República
Los representantes de los diferentes Estados, del Distrito y Territorios que componen la República de México

1888, Miguel Trinidad Palma, Constitución Federal de los Estados-Unidos Mexicanos, page 6:

Netetlahpaloliztli ca in tepantlahtoani Xose Innacio Dávila Garibi otemotitlanili [...]
Salutación que el licenciado José Ignacio Dávila Garibi dirigió [...]

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1997: Natalio Hernández, in tlahtoli, in ohtli (1998), p. 189.
Tepantlahtoani Rafael Tovar
Lic. Rafael Tovar


petlazolli

petlatl (“mat”) + -zolli (“old”). Cognate with Tetelcingo Nahuatl petlasoli̱.

petlatl, eſtera: petlaçolli, eſtera, y petate viejo.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 8r:

Auh injc mjtoa petlaçolli: ipampa in patlachtic, yoan cenca mijec in jma: qujtoa, centzontli: in juhquj petlatl, petlaçolli tẽxitinj, ca cenca mjec in qujqujztiuh, itenpapaçoliuhca: ipan ommota in jma
(And it is called petlaçolli because it is wide and very many are its legs — 400, they say — like a straw mat, one whose edges are frayed; which has many of its rolled edges coming out. They are taken for its legs.)

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 5, paragraph 7


cempohualxochitl

cempōhualxōchitl (canonical)
cempoalsuchitl (alternative)
cempoalxochitl (alternative)

→ Spanish: cempasúchil

From cempōhualli (“twenty”) + xōchitl (“flower”). Cognate with Tetelcingo Nahuatl sempoalxuchi̱tl.

Cempoalsuchitl, tzitziqujltic in jxiuhio, matzatzaianquj coztic.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 8

(Cempoalxochitl. Its foliage is jagged; the leaf is serrated. It is yellow.)

Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erecta#Translingual


calatl

Central Nahuatl: calatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: kalatl

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: kalat

Mecayapan Nahuatl: ca̱la̱'

Pipil: kalat

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: kalatl

Compare Mecayapan Nahuatl ca̱la̱' and Central Huasteca Nahuatl kalatl.

red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas)


milcalatl

Rana otra. milcalatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 208r:

MILCALATL: çan no ach iuhquj in tamaçoli, iece çan tepiton, çan qualli injc chachaquachtic: injc mjtoa mjlcalatl, xopitzactic, cujtlapicictic, cujtlatolontic: ixmacuex.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 4, paragraph 4

(MILCALATL: It is something like the toad, but quite small, of average size. As it is rough, so it is called milcalatl. It is slender-legged; it is very thin [or] very fat. Its eyes are like jewels.)


tonalchichicaquilitl

TONALCHICHICAQUJLITL, in tlalhoacpan, in çaçacatla in quauhtla mochioa, cuetlanextic nexeoac …

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 4

(TONALCHICHICAQUILITL: It grows in dry lands, in the grasslands, in the forest. It is a faded ashen color, ashen; [etc.])

A kind of plant, probably Oenothera laciniata.


copichtic

Acucharrada coſa. copichtic.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 245v:


tlaxilli

Alanceado.tlaxilli.tlatepuztopilhuilli.


tlatepuztopilhuilli

tla- (“something”) + tepuztopilhuia (“to lance”) + -lli

Alanceado.tlaxilli.tlatepuztopilhuilli.


necuatl

necuātl (canonical)
nequatl (alternative)

From neuctli (“honey, juice”) + ātl (“water”).

Miel de maguey cruda. menecutli. necuxoxouhqui. neq̃tl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 171r:

Uncooked agave honey. menecutli. necuxoxouhqui. neq̃tl.

Miel de maguey cruda. menecutli. necuxoxouhq. / necuatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 84v. col. 2:

Uncooked agave honey. menecutli. necuxoxouhq. necuatl.

Idem, f. 69r. col. 2.
Nequatl. meloxa, o agua miel.
Nequatl. meloja, or agave honey.

The unfermented, uncooked sap of the agave plant.


teopan

teōpan (canonical)
teōpantli (alternative)

From teōtl (“god”) + -pan (“forming locations, -ium”).

suffix

A temple, a shrine dedicated to any of multiple Aztec deities.

Ygleſia. lo meſmo. vel. teopan.teopantli. / teocalli. teopan calli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 74r. col. 1:

A church. the same, also teopan. teopantli. teocalli. teopan calli.

Idem, f. 101r. col. 1.

(Christianity) A Roman Catholic place of worship; a church.


tziucnoliztli

Hipo aſſi. tzicunoliztli. tzitzicunoliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 141r:


tonalehecatl

tōnalehēcatl (canonical)
to̱nalejeca' (alternative)

tōnalli (“heat of the sun”) + ehēcatl (“wind”)

compound

Viento eſtiual. tonalehecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 243v:


cuauhchimal

cuauhchīmal (canonical)
quauhchimalli (alternative)

Apparently an apocopic form of cuauhchīmalli (“wooden shield”).

Mona animal conocido. oçumatli.quauhchimal.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 174v:

A female monkey; a known animal. oçumatli. quauhchimal.

A male monkey; a known animal. oquichoçomahtli.quauhchimal.

Idem, f. 175r. Mono animal conocido. oquichoçomahtli.quauhcihmal. [sic]


tzompilli

tzompili̱ (alternative)
tzómpi̱l (alternative)


tzotzopaztli

Compare Mecayapan Nahuatl tzo̱tzopa̱s /tsoːtsopaːs/, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tzutzopöstli /tsutsopɔstlɪ/.


cactli

çapato. lo miſmo. vel. cactli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 61r:


ilhuitl

ylhuitl (alternative)
ilhui' (alternative)

Dia de fieſta. ylhuitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 84r:


yztlacatemictli

ytzlaca- (“saliva; falsehood”) + temictli (“dream”)

Sueño vano. çannen temictli.yztlacatemictli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 230r:


mazacocoliztli

mazācocoliztli (canonical)
maçacocoliztli (alternative)

From mazātl (“horse”) + cocoliztli (“sickness”).

Muermo de beſtia. maçacocoliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 177v:

Muermo de beſtia. maçacocoliztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 50v. col. 1.
Maçacocoliztli. muermo de beſtia.
Maçacocoliztli. glanders.


mazacocolizzoh

mazācocolizzoh (canonical)
maçacocoliço (alternative)
maçacocolizço (alternative)

From mazācocoliztli (“glanders”) + -yoh.

Muermoſolleno de muermo. maçacocolizço.

Muermoſo,lleno de muermo. maçacocolizço.

Idem, f. 50r. col. 1.
Maçacocoliço. el que tiene muermo.
Maçacocoliço. one who is infected with glanders.


canauhconetl

From canauhtli (“duck”) + conētl (“child”).

Anadino. canauhconetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 18r:

Idem, f. 190v.

A duckling, the offspring of the duck. canauhconetl. canauhconetontli.

Patico hijo del anade. canauhconetl.canauhconetontli.

Anadino. canauhconetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 10r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 93r. col. 1.

Patico,hijo del ánade. canauhconetl. canauhcone- / tontli.

Idem, f. 12r. col. 2.


patox

From Spanish patos, plural of pato (“duck”). Compare huacax (“cow”), çapatox (“shoe”).

Pato anade domeſtica. canauhtli. caſtillã canauhtli.patox.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 190v:


tetlatzontequiliani

te- + tlatzontequilia (“to sentence”) + -ni

Iuez ordinario. tetlatzontequiliani.topile.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144v:


tetlatzontequililiztli

te- + tlatzontequilia (“to sentence”) + -liztli

Iuyzio. tetlatzontequililiztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 145r:


matzotzopaztli

mātzōtzopāztli (canonical)
matztzopaztli (alternative)

māitl (“hand; arm”) + tzōtzopāztli (“weaver's tool”)

Tabla del braço. matzotzopaztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 231r:


amoxcalli

Equivalent to āmoxtli (“book”) + calli (“house, building”).

Libreria. amoxcalli.amacalli.amoxpialoyã.amoxtlatiloyã.amoxtlacentecoyan.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 155r:

Amoxcalli. libreria, o tienda de papel.
(Amoxcalli. library, or a paper store.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5v. col. 2:


amoxnamacac

āmoxtli (“book”) + -namacac (“seller of”)

Librero que vende libros. amoxnamacac.amanamacac.


chimalchiuhqui

chimalli (“shield”) + chihua (“to make”) + -qui

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario enla lengua Castellana y Mexicana, f. 113r
Eſcudero que haze eſcudos. chimalchiuhqui.


tayo

(figurative) first-person plural inalienable possessive singular of ātl; (it is) our liquid; our blood; sperm.


inan

third-person singular possessive of nāntli; his, her or its mother.


pilpil

From pilli (“child”) + -pīl. Molina attests the plural form pīpilpipīl, from which the singular form can be deduced. Sahagún attests the singular form with the meaning (“five- or six-year-old child”). The plural form, as described by Carochi, is notable for its mirrored relative vowel length, resulting from the reduplication of both the stem pilli (“child”) (plural pīpiltin) and the diminutive postposition -pil, which undergoes short-vowel reduplication when pluralized (-pipīl).

Pipilpipil.muchachuelos.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 82r. col. 2:

Pipilpipil.youngsters [boys or young men].


nemini

Nemini. el que biue o mora en algun lugar.
(Nemini. the one who lives or dwells in a certain place.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 67v. col. 1:


discipulo

(Christianity) (he is) a disciple; one of the Twelve Disciples.


capolin

→ Spanish: capulín

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


calmecac

From calmecatl (“house of the lineage”) + -c (locative suffix).


emolli

From etl (“bean”) + mōlli (“stew, broth”).

Emulli . guiſado de friſoles, o de hauas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 29r. col. 1:


christiano

head

christiano (animate, plural christianomeh or christianosmeh)

christianomeh (plural)
christianosmeh (plural)
cristiano (alternative)

From 16th-century Spanish christiano, from Latin christiānus, from Ancient Greek.

Criſtiano. lo meſmo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 58r:

Christiano. lo miſmo. vel. itetzinco poui yn totecuiyo Ieſu chriſto.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 32r. col. 1:

A christian. the same, or. itetzinco poui yn totecuiyo Ieſu chriſto.


confites

From Spanish confites, plural of confite (“candy, sweetmeat”), ultimately from Latin cōnfectus (“made, produced”).

Confites. lo miſmo. vel. necuizquitl.


nauh

first-person singular possessive singular of ātl; (it is) my water.


huitztli

vitztli (alternative obsolete)
uitztli (alternative obsolete)


molcaxitl

Spanish: molcajete

From mōlli (“sauce, broth”) + caxitl (“bowl, cup”).


acaxitl

From ātl (“water”) + caxitl (“cup, bowl”).


michacaxitl

From michin (“fish”) + ācaxitl (“pool, pond”).

Michacaxitl. eſtanque de peces.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56r. col. 1:

(it is) a pond or pool contaning fish; a fishpond.


chilmolcaxitl

chīlmōlcaxitl (canonical)
chilmulcaxitl (alternative)

From chīlmōlli (“sauce, stew with chili”) + caxitl (“bowl, basin”).

Chilmulcaxitl. eſcudilla de guiſado, o potaje de / chilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 21r. col. 1:

Chilmulcaxitl. a bowl for stew, or potage containing chili.

A stew pot, a container for serving stew.


tizatl

→ Spanish: tiza, tizate

→ Asturian: tiza

→ Tagalog: tisa

tizatl. cierto barniz, o tierra blanca.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana (in Spanish), page 113r. col. 1:

tizatl. a certain varnish, or white earth.

Yxaval tiçatl.

c. 1558-1561, Bernardino de Sahagún, editor, Primeros Memoriales, page 103:


tzontli

tzontli. cabello o pelo.
(tzontli. a hair or head of hair.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 153v. col. 2:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1558-1561: Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros memoriales, 255. totzon titlaveyaquila. (our hair: we grow it long)


chinamitl

Spanish: chinampa

chinamitl. seto o cerca de cañas.
(chinamitl. a hedge or fence of canes.)

An area so enclosed, or the canes or cornstalks themselves.

An urban division, the subunit of an altepetl.


xochichinancalli

xōchichināncalli (canonical)
xuchichinancalli (alternative)

From xōchitl (“flower”) + chināncalli (“fenced enclosure”).

xuchichinancalli. jardin.
(xuchichinancalli. garden.)

1571, Bernardino de Sahagún, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 160r. col. 2:


xuchichinancalli

alternative spelling of xochichinancalli


techinamitl

From tetl "stone" + chināmitl "cane fence".

techinamitl. cerco, o muro de ciudad.
(chinamitl. a fence, or a city wall)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 92v. col. 1:


tlacochinamitl

From tlacōtl "stick" + chināmitl "cane fence".

tlacochinamitl. cerco, o seto de xaras, o de cosa semejante, o xara para hazer seto.
(tlacochinamitl. a fence, or a fence of sticks or something similar, or a stick to make fences)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 118r. col. 2:


chinancalli

From chināmitl (“cane fence”) + calli (“structure, house”).

Chinancalli.cercado de ſeto.

A house or enclosure fashioned from cane or hedge.


xicamatl

xīcamatl (canonical)
xīcama (alternative)

Spanish: jícama

xicamatl. cierta rayz que se come cruda y es muy dulce.
(xicamatl. a certain root that is eaten raw and is very sweet.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 159r. col. 1:


cihua

Cuix quicuiloa pilli in cihua?


zacatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: sakatl

Central Nahuatl: zacatl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: zacatl

→ Spanish: zacate

→ Cebuano: sakati

→ English: zacate

→ Cebuano: sakate

Dry weeds or grass, especially when used as fodder; hay.


xictli

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *siku.

xictli. ombligo, o bruxula para tirar derecho.
xictli. navel; or peephole.


metl

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan. Cognate with Huichol mái (“agave”).


ahuacatl

āhuacatl (canonical)
auacatl (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: auakatl

Central Nahuatl: ahuacatli

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: awakat

Orizaba Nahuatl: awakatl

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: auakatl

desctree

→ Spanish: aguacate
→ Asturian: aguacate
→ Basque: ahuakate
→ Galician: aguacate
→ Portuguese: abacate (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Spanish: avocado (see there for further descendants)

→ Yaqui: awakáate


macpalxochitl

Literally "palm (of the hand) flower(s)".

a tree of species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon


tlacuatzin

Equivalent to tlacuatl (“opossum”) + -tzin (diminutive). Cf. Highland Puebla Nahuatl tacua̱tzi̱n^([sic]), Mecayapan Nahuatl tacuatzi̱n, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tlacuatzi.

suffix

Ay vna anjmalejo que se llama tlaquatl o tlaquatzin

[16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, editor, Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, volume 3 (in Spanish), page 12v:

There is a small animal that is called tlaquatl or tlaquatzin

ANIMAL eſt Tlaquatzin canis parui forma & magnitudine

[1651, Francisco Hernández, Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus, seu plantarum animalium mineralium Mexicanorum historia (in Latin), Romae: Ex typographeio Vitalis Mascardi, page 330:

The Tlaquatzin is an animal with the shape and size of a small dog


piciyetl

Picietl. yerua como veleño, que es medicinal.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 81v. col. 1:

Picietl. a medicinal plant similar to henbane.

(it is) a tobacco plant; Nicotiana rustica.


xochihua

The term applied to a cross-dressing figure depicted, and described as having androgynous qualities, in the Florentine Codex.


chilatl

Spanish: chilate

[ˈt͡ʃiːɬ.aːt͡ɬ]

Chilatl. Aguachil, o agua de axi.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 20v. col. 2:

A chili-based broth, chili pepper water.


centzontlahtoleh

centzontlahtōleh (canonical)
centzontleh (alternative)

Spanish: cenzontle

From centzontli (“four hundred, a count of four hundred”) + tlahtōlli (“language, word, statement”) + -eh (“possessor of”).


temazcalli

temāzcalli (canonical)
temāzcaltin (plural)

Spanish: temazcal

From tēma (“to pour, bathe by pouring”) + calli (“house, structure”).

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 98r. col. 1:

temazcalli. casilla como estufa, adonde se bañan y sudan.

(temazcalli. small house like an oven, where they bathe and sweat.)


tlalcacahuatl

From tlālli (“earth”) + cacahuatl (“cocoa bean”).


pinacatl

Spanish: pinacate

pinacatl. escarauajo grande y bermejo que no buela.

(pinacatl. large reddish beetle that does not fly.)


nextamalli

Spanish: nixtamal

From nextli (“ash, cinders”) + tamalli (“tamale”).


huipilli

Spanish: huipil

uipilli. camisa de india.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 157v. col. 1:

(uipilli. an indigenous woman's blouse.)

c. 1558-1561, Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros memoriales, 232.
in ticueye in tivipille in pilli tiçivauh tiçivauh in tequiva tiçivauh in achcauhtli tiçivauh

(you with the skirts, you with the wives of valiant warriors, you the wives of the constables.)


nacatamalli

head

nacatamalli (inanimate, plural nacatamalli)

Spanish: nacatamal

From nacatl (“meat”) + tamalli (“tamal”).

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 062r. col. 1:

Nacatamalli. empanada de carne o coſa ſemejante.

Nacatamalli. a meat empanada or of something similar.


quilitl

Spanish: quelite

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 89v. col. 2:

quilitl. verdura, o yeruas comestibles.

(chilatl. vegetable, or edible herbs.)


atepocatl

Spanish: atepocate, tepocate

Atepocatl. renaquajo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 7v. col. 2:


pinolli

Spanish: pinole

Pinolli. la harina de mayz y chia, antes que la deſlian.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, pt 2, f. 82r. col. 1:

Pinolli. the flour of the maize or chia (plants) before sifting.


cacahuapinolli

From cacahuatl (“cacao bean”) + pinolli (“flour”).

compound

Cacauapinolli. beuida de cacao, o la harina del.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 10v. col. 2:

Cacauapinolli. a cacao beverage, or the powder for it.

(it is) a powdered beverage made from toasted and ground cacao beans and maize


iztapinolli

From iztatl (“salt”) + pinolli (“flour, something ground”).

iztapinolli. sal molida.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 82r. col. 1:


ahhuatl

Spanish: ahuate

auatl. enzina, roble, gusano lanudo. o espina.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 9r. col. 2:


xoconochtli

Spanish: xoconostle

From xococ (“something sour”) + nōchtli (“prickly pear”).


tapalcatl

Spanish: tepalcate

Tapalcatl. caxco de vaſija de barro quebrada, o / teja quebrada.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 91r. col. 1:

Tapalcatl. potsherd from a clay pot, or a broken tile.


cacahuacentli

Spanish: cacahuacintle, cacahuacentli

From cacahuatl (“cocoa bean”) + centli, variant of cintli (“dried maize on the cob”).

cacauacentli. mazorca o piña de cacao.


caleh

From calli (“house, home”) + -eh (“possessor of”).

suffix

cale. dueño o señor dela casa.
(cale. owner or master of the house.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 11v. col. 1:


nepohualiztli

From ne- + pōhua (“to brag, be proud”) + -liztli.


nenamictiliztli

From ne- + nāmictiā (“to marry, take a spouse”) + -liztli.


namictli

nāmictli (canonical)
nānāmictin (plural)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 062v. col. 2:

namictli. casado o casada.

(namictli. a married man or woman.)


tochcalli

From tōchtli (“rabbit”) + calli (“house”).

Madriguera de conejo. tochcalli.tochtapaçolli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 160r:

A rabbit burrow. tochcalli. tochtapaçolli.

Madriguera de conejos.tochcalli.tochtapaçolli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 80r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 148r. col. 2.

The burrow of a rabbit; rabbit hole, rabbit warren.


michmatlatl

Red para peces. michmatlatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 210v:

Red para peces.michmatlatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 102v. col. 2:

Michmatlatl. red para peſcar.


caltzalantli

From calli (“house”) + -tzālan (“between”) + -tli (“(absolutive)”).

suffix

caltzalantli. la calle entre las casas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 11v. col. 2:

(caltzalantli. the street between houses.)


matlatl

From māitl (“hand”) + tlatl (“strip of cloth”)


tzalantli

An opening between two things; a passageway.


ahuacacuahuitl

āhuacacuahuitl (canonical)
ahuacaquahuitl (alternative)
aoacaquavitl (alternative)

From āhuacatl (“avocado”) + cuahuitl (“tree”).


chaneh

chāneh (canonical)
chānehqueh (absolutive plural)

From chāntli (“home”) + -eh (“possessor of”).

(in the plural) inhabitants or natives of a certain place.


ahuacaxochitl

āhuacaxōchitl (canonical)
auaxochitl (alternative)

From āhuacatl (“avocado”) + xōchitl (“flower”).


manamictli

mānāmictli (canonical)
mānāmictin (absolutive plural)

From māitl (“hand”) + nāmictli (“spouse”).


mihtotihqui

head

mihtōtihqui (animate, plural mihtōtihqueh)

mihtōtihqui (canonical)
mihtōtihqueh (plural)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 57r. col. 1:

Mitotiqui. dançante.


mizquitl

desctree

→ Spanish: mezquite, mesquite (Mexico, US), mizquite (obsolete)
→ English: mesquite
→ Portuguese: mesquite

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56r. col. 1:

mizquitl. arbol de goma para tinta.


tlahuanqui

head

tlāhuānqui (animate, plural tlāhuānqueh)

tlāhuānqui (canonical)
tlāhuānqueh (plural)

From tlāhuāna (“to drink an alcoholic beverage”) + -qui.

suffix

Beodo. tlauanqui,yuintic.xocomicqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 32v:

tlauanqui. borracho, o beodo assi.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 143v. col. 2:

tlauanqui. a drunkard, or drunk in this manner.


elchiquihuitl

head

ēlchiquihuitl (possessive singular īēlchiquiuh)

ēlchiquihuitl (canonical)
īēlchiquiuh (possessive singular)

ēlli (“liver, internal organ”) + chiquihuitl (“basket”).

compound

elchiquiuitl. los pechos o el pecho.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 28v. col. 1:

(elchiquiuitl. the breasts or the chest.)

Ibid.


ielchiquiuh

third-person singular possessive of ēlchiquihuitl: his liver; her liver; its liver.


chiquihuitl

Spanish: chiquihuite, chiquigüite

chiquiuitl. cesto, o canasta.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 21v. col. 1:


totochiquihuitl

tōtōchiquihuitl (canonical)
totochiquiuitl (alternative)

From tōtōtl (“bird”) + chiquihuitl (“basket”).

Nidal o nido d aues.tototapaçolli. tototecaxitli. to / tochiquiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 88v. col. 2:

Nesting place or nest of birds. tototapaçolli. tototecaxitli. totochiquiuitl.

Idem, f. 150v. col. 1.


zoyatl

zōyātl (canonical)
çoyatl (alternative)
çuyatl (alternative)

Palma arbol conocido. çoyatl.çoyaquauitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 92r. col. 1:

A palm tree, a well-known tree. çoyatl.çoyaquauitl.

Idem, f. 25r. col. 1.
Çoyatl'. palma.
Çoyatl. a palm tree.

Idem, f. 27v. col. 2.
Çuyatl. palma.
Çuyatl. a palm tree.


zoyachiquihuitl

From zōyātl (“palm tree”) + chiquihuitl (“basket”).

zoyachiquiuitl. espuerta hecha de hojas de palmas.

(zoyachiquiuitl. basket made from palm leaves.)


petlazoyatl

From petlatl (“reed mat”) + zōyātl (“palm tree”).


amoxpohualiztli

From āmoxpōhua (“to read from a book or text”) + -liztli.


ixayotl

/iːʃˈaːjoːt͡ɬ/

Either a reduction or reanalysis of synonymous īxxāyōtl (“tear”), from īxtli (“eye”) + xāyōtl (“discharge”), or a separate formation based on īxtli (“eye”) + āyōtl (“watery substance”), forming a minimal pair with īxxāyōtl.

compound

ixayotl. lagrimas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 44v. col. 2:


calpohualli

From calpōhua (“to count houses, take census”) + -lli.


miquiliztli

From miqui (“to die”) + -liztli. Compare miquiztli (“death”).

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56v. col. 2:

miquiliztli. muerte o mortandad.

(miquiliztli. death or mortality)

miquiliztli. muerte o mortandad.

(miquiliztli. death or mortality)


pohualli

pōhualli (canonical)
poualli (alternative)
poalli (alternative)

count (act of counting, result of a tally)


tonalpohualli

From tōnalli (“day”) + pōhualli (“count”), literally (“count of the days”).

A sacred calendrical period used by the Aztecs. It was composed of 20 trecenas adding up to 260 days.


tonalpohualiztli

From tōnalpōhua (“to divine by signs, to determine a holiday”) + -liztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 149v. col. 1:

tonalpoaliztli. adiuinacion assi.

(tonalpoaliztli. divination in this manner.) (see quotations at tōnalpōhua)

The figuring of holidays using the Aztec calendar.


hualtemoliztli

From huāltemō (“to come down, descend”) + -liztli.

ualtemoliztli. descendimiento assi.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 154v. col. 2:

(ualtemoliztli. a descent in this manner.) (see quotations at huāltemō)


amiquiliztli

From āmiqui (“to thirst, be thirsty”) + -liztli.

Sed gana de beuer. amiquiztli. amiquiliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 222r:

Thirst, wanting to drink. amiquiztli. amiquiliztli.

ſed gana de beuer.amiquiztli.amiquiliztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 107v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 5r. col. 1.


ahmiquiliztli

From ah- (“not”) + miquiliztli (“death”).

amiquiliztli. sed o immortalidad.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5r. col. 1:


ichtequiliztli

From ichtequi (“to steal, rob”) + -liztli.

ichtequiliztli. el acto de hurtar.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, ff. 32v. col. 2:


ilpiliztli

From ilpiliā (“to tie something up”) + -liztli.


citlalloh

citlālloh (canonical)
cīcitlālloh (alternative)
citlallo (alternative)

Eſtrellado. citlallo.cicitlallo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 102r:

Citlallo eſtrellado,coſa que tiene eſtrellas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 22v. col. 1:

Citlallo. starry, something that has stars.


tlalli

tlalli. tierra, o heredad.
(tlalli. land, or an estate.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 124r. col. 1:

a delimited area of land; an estate or property


xayotl

/ˈʃaːjoːt͡ɬ/

xayotl. hezes.
(xayotl. feces.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 158r. col. 2:


tlalxayotl

/t͡ɬaːlˈʃaːjoːt͡ɬ/

From tlālli (“earth”) + xāyōtl (“feces”).

tlalxayotl. cieno.
(tlalxayotl. silt.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 125r. col. 1:


ocxayotl

From octli (“pulque, wine”) + xāyōtl (“feces”).

compound

ocxayotl. hezes de vino.
(ocxatotl. lees.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76r. col. 1:


cuitlapilli

head

cuitlapilli (possessive singular īcuitlapil)

cuitlatl (“excrement”) + pilli (“child”).

compound

cuitlapilli. cola, o rabo de animal, o de aue.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 27r. col. 2.:

cuitlapilli. rear, or tail of an animal or bird.


icuitlapil

third-person singular possessive of cuitlapilli: his tail; her tail; its tail; their (inanimate) tail.


teocalcuitlapilli

From teōcalli (“temple”) + cuitlapilli (“rear”).

Capilla de ygleſia. teocalcuitlapilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 24v. col. 1:

A chapel of a church. teocalcuitlapilli.

Idem, f. 100r. col. 2.

Teocalcuitlapilli. a chapel of a church, where the altar and retable are located.

Teocalcuitlapilli. capilla de ygleſia, donde eſta / el altar y retablo.


coyolli

coyoltin (absolutive plural)
īcoyol (possessive singular)

cuyulli. caxcauel, o anzuelo para pescar.
(cuyulli. jingle bell, or a fishing hook.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 27v. col. 2:


coyolacatl

coyolācatl (canonical)
coyulacatl (alternative)

Coyulacatl. caña larga para peſcar.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 24r. col. 2:


achcolli

head

achcōlli, āchcōlli (absolutive plural achcohcōltin)

achcōlli (canonical)
āchcōlli (canonical)
achcohcōltin (absolutive plural)

Compare with āchcāuhtli (“elder brother”) and achtōntli (“great-grandfather, ancestor”), and with achto (“first”) and cōlli (“grandfather”).


olotl

→ Spanish: olote

Compare tlaōlli (“maize (in general)”), ēlōtl (“green ear of maize”) and xīlōtl (“immature, tender ear of maize”).

olotl. el corazon, o espiga desgranada dela mazorca de mayz.
(olotl. the heart, or a shelled corncob.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76r. col. 2:


texolotl

texōlōtl (canonical)
texōlōmeh (absolutive plural)

→ Spanish: tejolote

From teci (“to grind maize”) + ōlōtl (“corn cob”), because of the pestle's cylindrical shape.


oloxochitl

/oːloːˈʃoːt͡ʃit͡ɬ/

From ōlōtl (“corncob”) + xōchitl (“flower”).


tlapantli

From tla- (“indefinite inanimate prefix”) + -pan (“above”) + -tli (absolutive suffix).

suffix

tlapantli. azotea, o terrado.
(tlapantli. roof or terrace.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 131r. col. 1:


tapalcatlapantli

From tapalcatl (“potsherd, broken tile”) + tlapantli (“roof”).

compound

Tejado. tapalcatlapantli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 232r:

Tejado.tapalcatlapantli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 112r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 91r. col. 1.
Tapalca tlapantli.tejado.
Tapalca tlapantli. a tiled roof.


cuauhtlapantli

From cuahuitl (“tree, wood”) + tlapantli (“roof”).


quetzaltototl

head

quetzaltototl (animate, plural quetzaltotomeh)

Equivalent to quetzalli (“quetzal feather”) + tōtōtl (“bird”).

compound

Quetzaltototl. paxaro de plumas verdes muy ricas y eſtimadas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 89r. col. 2:

Quetzaltototl. a bird of green, highly-estemeed plumage.


poliuhqui

Spanish: pulque (uncertain)

From polihui (“to disappear, perish, be spent”).

Poliuhqui. coſa que ſe perdio.
(Poliuhqui. thing that has been lost.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 83r. col. 1:


tlapanco

Spanish: tapanco

tlapanco. enel azotea.

a storage platform under the roof; loft, attic


comalli

Central Nahuatl: comalli

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: komali

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: komalli

Mexican Spanish: comal

coamalli. comal adonde cuezen tortillas de maiz etc. o el bazo
(comalli. griddle where they cook maize tortillas, etc. or the spleen)

A disk-shaped griddle placed over fire to cook tortillas.


tepecoyoctli

From tepētl (“mountain, hill”) + coyoctli (“hole”).


zacamecatl

Spanish: zacamecate

From zacatl (“grass”) + mecatl (“rope”).

Soga cuerda de eſparto. çacamecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 227r:

A rope made from coarse grass. çacamecatl.

Soga cuerda de eſparto.çacamecatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 109v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 13v. col. 1.
çacamecatl. ſoga deſparto, ode coſa ſemejante.
çacamecatl. a rope made from esparto or something similar.


mecatl

Spanish: mecate

mecatl. cordel, o ſoga, o açote de cordeles.
(mecatl. a cord, a rope, or a cord whip.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 55r. col. 1:


ixeh

īxeh (canonical)
īxehqueh (absolutive plural)

Someone or something that has eyes or a face.

(figurative) A sage; an intelligent or wise person.


michmecatl

Sedal para peſcar. michmecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 222v:

Michmecatl. ſedal para peſcar.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56r. col. 1:


ichmecatl

From īchtli (“maguey fiber”) + mecatl (“rope, cord”).

Ichmecatl. cuerda de maguei.
(Ichmecatl. a rope made from agave.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 32v. col. 1:


tlahtohqueh

[t͡ɬaʔˈtóʔkeʔ]

plural of tlahtōani; (they are) rulers; chieftains.


matemecatl

From māitl (“hand”) + tetl (“stone”) + mecatl (“rope”).

matemecatl. braçalete de oro, o coſa ſemejante.
(matemecatl. a gold bracelet, or something similar.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 52v. col. 2:


mazamecatl

maçamecatl. lazo para caçar fieras, o venados.
(maçamecatl. noose to hunt wild animals, or deer.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 50r. col. 2:


mazanacatl

mazānacatl (canonical inanimate)
mazānacatl (plural)
maçanacatl (alternative)

From mazātl (“white-tailed deer”) + nacatl (“meat”).

Maçanacatl. carne de venado.

(it is) the meat of a white-tailed deer.


mazamolli

mazāmōlli (canonical)
maçamulli (alternative)

From mazātl (“deer”) + mōlli (“stew, broth”).

Maçamulli. guiſado, o potaje de vanado.

Maçamulli. a stew or pottage of deer [meat].


mazamamachtiliztli

From mazāmamachtia (“to tame a colt”) + -liztli.

suffix

Maçamamachtiliztli. domadura de potros.
(Maçamamachtiliztli. taming of colts.)


mazamamachtia

From mazātl (“deer, horse”) + mamachtia (“to test”).

compound

Maçamamachtia. ni. domar potros. preterit. oni maçamamachti.
(Maçamamachtia. to tame colts.)


tonameyotl

Tonameyotl. rayo de ſol, o reſplandor de rayo de ſol.
(Tonameyotl. sunbeam, or the radiance of a sunbeam.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 149v. col. 1:


mexihcatl

mēxihcatl (animate canonical)
mēxihcah (plural)
mexicatl (alternative)

→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: mexikatl

→ Central Nahuatl: mexihcatl

→ Spanish: mexica

[meːˈʃíʔkat͡ɬ]


mexihcah

[meːˈʃíʔkaʔ]


amoxpohuani

From āmoxpōhua (“to read from a book, relate an account”) + -ni.

suffix

Amoxpoani. lector de libros, relator de proceſo, o hombre leydo.
(Amoxpoani. a reader of books, teller of an account, or a well-read man.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 4v. col. 2:


mecapalli

Spanish: mecapal

From mecatl (“rope, cord”) + -pal, an instrumental suffix, + -lli.

Mecapalli. mecapal, cordel para lleuar carga acueſtas.
(Mecapalli. tumpline, cord to bear a load on the back.)


chapolin

chapoltin (absolutive plural)
chāchapoltin (absolutive plural)
chapulin (alternative)
chapolli (alternative)
chapulli (alternative)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: chapoli

desc

Central Nahuatl: chapulin, chapolin, chapoli

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: chapolin

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: chapoli

Pipil: chapulin

Spanish: chapulín

English: chapulin

Chapulin. langoſta.
(Chapulin. locust.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 19r. col. 2:


cuacuauhtin

[kʷaːˈkʷáːʍtin̥]


huauhtli

huāuhtli (canonical)
huauhtli (canonical)

Spanish: huautli

Uautli. bledos.
(Uautli. amaranth.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 155r. col. 1:


oyametl

Spanish: oyamel

Oyametl. abeto arbol de que ſe coge el olio de aueto.
(Oyametl. fir tree from which fir oil is drawn.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76r. col. 1:

Abies religiosa
Abies religiosa#Translingual


nanacatl

Spanish: nanacate

Karttunen suggests a relation to nacatl (“meat, flesh”).

Hongo generalmente. nanacatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 72. col. 1:

Nanacatl. hongo.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 62v. col. 2:


metlapilli

Spanish: metlapil

From metlatl (“metate”) + pīlli (“son”).

Metlapilli. moledor con que muelen el mayz.
(Metlapilli. grinder with which they grind maize.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 55v. col. 1:

A cylindrical, hand-held grinding stone used together with the metate.


metlatl

Spanish: metate

English: metate

From Proto-Nahuan *metlatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *mataR.

Metlatl. piedra donde muelen el mayz. &c.
(Metlatl. stone on which they grind maize, etc.)


elotl

Spanish: elote

Compare tlaōlli (“maize in general”), ōlōtl (“corncob”) and xīlōtl (“tender ear of maize”).

Elotl maçorca de mayz verde,que ya tiene quajados los granos.
(Elotl green ear of maize, with the kernels already formed.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, part 2, f. 28. col. 2:


nacaceh

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España, book 6, chapter 52.


ixeh nacaceh

īxeh nacaceh (canonical)
īxehqueh nacacehqueh (absolutive plural)
nacaceh īxeh (alternative)

From īxeh (“someone with eyes”) + nacaceh (“someone with ears”).

compound

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España, book 6, chapter 52.

Ixenacace. diſcreto ſabio y entendido.
(Ixenacace. discreet, wise and understanding.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 45r. col. 1:


ixehqueh nacacehqueh

īxeh nacaceh
ixeh nacaceh#Classical_Nahuatl


nacaceh ixeh

nacaceh īxeh (canonical)
īxeh nacaceh (alternative)

From nacaceh (“someone with ears”) + īxeh (“someone with eyes”).

Nacace yxe. cuerdo ſabio y prudẽte.
(Nacace yxe. rational, wise and prudent.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 65v. col. 1:

Someone prudent, knowledgeable and wise.


ahmicqui

From ah- (“not”) + micqui (“one that has died”).

prefix

Amiqui. immortal coſa.
(Amiqui. something immortal.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5r. col. 1:


teoyotl

Diuina o eſpiritual coſa. teoyotl. / Diuina o eſpiritualmente. teoyotica. / Diuinidad. teoyotl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 46r. col. 2:

Something divine or spiritual. teoyotl. / Divinely or spiritually. teoyotica. / Divinity. teoyotl.

Idem, f. 101r. col. 1.

Teoyotl. something spiritual, or something divine.

Something divine or spiritual; divinity, spirituality.

Teoyotl ycoualoca. ſimonia.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 101r. col. 1:

Teoyotl ycoualoca. simony. [literally “the selling of spiritual things”]


totopochtic

Spanish: totoposte, totopo

From totopotza (“to toast, make crunchy”).

Totopochtic. coſa muy toſtada,aſsi como pan,tortillas de mayz. &c.
(Totopochtic. something very toasted, such as bread, maize tortillas, etc.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 151r. col. 1:


tlemoyonextli

From tlemōyōtl (“spark”) + nextli (“ash, cinders”).

compound

Tlemuyonextli. morcella, o centella muerta.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 147r. col. 2:


ixxayotl

/iːʃˈʃaːjoːt͡ɬ/

From īxtli (“eye”) + xāyōtl (“discharge”). More at īxāyōtl.