Tollan

17C: Chimalpahin, "History or Chronicle with Its Calendar of the Mexica Years"
ye yuh nepa matlactlōmahio xihuitl, opoliuh yn altepetl Tullam, ynic cenmanque momoyahuaque nonohualca Tullam tlaca
(it was fourteen years after the altepetl of Tollan had been destroyed; when the Nonohualca and people of Tollan scattered and dispersed)

17C: Lope de Vega (Spanish), Bartolomé de Alva (Nahuatl tr.), The Mother of the Best, f. 58r

(It's a regular Tula! All the people crush me to death)

çā yè huel Tollan; nechpatzmictia in yxquich tlacatl


Nezahualpilli

oc yuh huècāuh huāllāzquè in caxtiltēcà, in yecuēl quimomachiltiāya in Neçahualpiltzintli in īnhuāllāliz. Mucho antes que viniessen los Españoles, sabia el Rey neçahualpiltzintli su venida; à la letra; toda via despeus de largo tiempo vendran los Españoles, y ya sabia, neçahualpiltzintli su venida.
(Long before the Spaniards came, the king Neçahualpiltzintli knew of their coming; literally, still after a long time the Spaniards will come and Neçahualpiltzintli already knew of their coming.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della:

a male given name. Borne by a ruler of Texcoco, the son of Nezahualcoyotl


oquichtli

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales

Oquichtin. varones.
(Oquichtin. men, males.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 77v. col. 2:

17C, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Crónica mexicayotl, f. 48r–v

(Is he really a manly warrior? Does Axayaca really take captives? As is known, are they not only salt-making slaves whom he buys and brings hither to Mexico, so that Axayaca appears to be a manly warrior?)

cuix nelli yn oquichtli, axayaca cuix nelli yn tlamani yaoc yn iuh machizti amo çã niztatlaca tlacoti yn quimonmococohuia yn quin hualhuica nican mexico, ynic oquichneci axayaca


ezzoh

From eztli (“blood”) + -yoh (“covered in”).

(someone/something) bloody, covered in blood.

(someone/something) blooded, having blood.


ezhuia

Eztli, sangre. nitlaezhuia, ensangrentar algo. ninezhuia, me ensangrento à mi.
(Eztli, blood; nitlaezhuia, to stain something with blood. Ninezhuia, I cover myself with blood.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 60v:

(transitive) To bloody; make bloody; cover in blood.


eptli

Oſtia peſcado. amatzcalli. eptli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 185v:

Oſtia peſcado. amatzcalli. eptli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 91r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 29r. col. 1.

Eptli. a shell, or an oyster of the sea.

EPTLI: çan no iehoatl in atzcalli, iehoatl in tapalcaiotl in omjtl, in petlanj, in peetlaca.

16c, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 3, paragraph 3


expa

in ye ic expa motlátlātlauhtilìtìcaya in Totēcuiyo, yēquénè moquīxtìtihuetzico in ītlachīhualtzin in Angel, à la tercera vez, que orò Nuestro Señor, vino finalmente, el Angel criatura suya.
(The third time that our Lord prayed, the angel, his creature, finally came.)


epazoyoh

Tlémolli moca epaçōyò xicchīhuacan, hazed el guisado cõ mucho epaçote.
(Make (pl.) the stew with a lot of epazote.)

Something having much epazote, or smelling of epazote.


xopantlah

intlā āxcān xōpantlà ticecmiqui, quēn ocyè, vel quēnçan yè ticecmiquiz izcéhuetzilizpan? si aora en verano tienes frio, quãto mas le tẽdras en tiẽpo de frios, y yelos?
(If you are cold now in summer, how much colder will you be in the time of cold and ice?)


epazotl

→ Spanish: epazote

→ Cebuano: aposotis

→ English: epazote

→ French: épazote

From epatl (“skunk”) + tzotl (“sweat”), named for its odor.


nacaocuilin

From nacatl (“meat”) + ocuilin (“worm”).

Guſano de carne. nacaocuilin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 134r:

Naca ocuilin. guſano de carne dañada.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 61v. col. 2:


conetl

conētl (animate canonical)
cōconeh (plural)

Hijo generalmente. tepiltzin. tetelpuch. y las mugeres dizen. noconeuh.
A son generally. tepiltzin. tetelpuch. and the women say: noconeuh.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 140r:

Cocone .niños o niñas.
(Cocone. boys or girls.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23v. col. 2:

Conetl. niño o niña .
(Conetl. a boy or a girl.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 24v. col. 1:

(in compounds) (it is) the offspring of an animal


tlacamictiani

tlācatl "person" + mictiā "kill" + -ni (habitual suffix)

tlācamictiāni, el que mata à personas.
(Tlācamictiāni is one who kills people.)


quimichin

quimichtin (plural)
quimichimeh (plural)

Raton. quimichin.cuitlapilhueyac.tepapa.ueçacotl.
(Mouse. quimichin.cuitlapilhueyac. tepapa. ueçacotl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 208v:

Quimichin. raton. Like mouse. )
(Quimichin. mouse or rat.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 90r. col. 1:


acah

From āc (“who?”) + -ah (“unspecified determinative”).


acolhuah

ācōlhuah (canonical)
ācōlhuahqueh (plural)

An Acolhua; an inhabitant of Acolhuacan, the region of Texcoco.


Amaquemehcan

→ Spanish: Amecameca

→ Teposcolula Mixtec: ñuututu (calque)

Āmaquēmeh (name of a hill, literally “one that has paper clothing”) + -cān (“place”)

Amaquemecan; Amecameca, the official name is Amecameca de Juárez.


xalli

Compare Michoacán Nahuatl xali, Tetelcingo Nahuatl xöli̱.

Arena. xalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 23r:


quiza

niquiça salgo: ōniquīz.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 30v:


yollotl

Central Nahuatl: yolotl


ocelotl

head

ocelotl anim (plural ooceloh or ocelomeh)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: oselotl

Central Nahuatl: ocelotl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: ocelotl

Pipil: uselut

→ Spanish: ocelote

→ Lithuanian: ocelotas

→ French: ocelot

→ Dutch: ocelot

→ English: ocelot

→ German: Ozelot

→ Italian: ocelot

→ Polish: ocelot

Ocelotl. tigre. […] / Ocelome. tigres.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 75r. col. 2:

Ocelotl. a jaguar. […] / Ocelome. jaguars.

ibid., f. 77v. col. 1.
Oocelo. tigres.
Oocelo. jaguars.

oquitlalílique miec ytlahuitol, ce cuauhtlí tlacuicuítl, ce ozelotl ycxitlan

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo Mexicano, f. 7r:

They buried him with very many of his things: his bow, an eagle carved of wood, a jaguar at his feet

ibid., f. 11r.

There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts

onca:ncamaía, tepe Zolime, totochtin, cuahtotolim, Mazame, oze lome, cuamíztin, tecuanímê

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 22r
camo çan quexquich yn ompa onoque yn ompa tlapia yn tequanime yn cuecuetlachtin. yn ocelome. yn mimiztin yn cocohua

Countless fierce animals were there; bears, jaguars, mountain lions, snakes were on guard.

ocēlōtl, tigre. Pl. ōocēlō. [...] ocēlōmê tigres.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 4v:

ocēlōtl, a jaguar. Pl. ōocēlō. … ocēlōmê jaguar.

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.
naVi oçelotl. q qujere dezir quatro tigres.
navi oçelotl. that is to say, four tigers.

(it is) the fourteenth of the twenty day signs of the tonalpohualli; a jaguar or disembodied jaguar's head.


aculhuacanotza

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

17th C.: Chimalpahin, British and Foreign Bible Society MS 374, vol. 3, fol. 150r. conaculhuacanotzque conilhuia xiqualhuica macal (They called to him in the Aculhuaca tongue; they said to him: Bring your boat here.)

(transitive, obsolete) To call like an Acolhua.


tlacamazatl

tlācatl "person" + mazātl "deer; wild beast; horse"

de sagitario. ypan quicuepa centauro tlacamaçatl

17C: Chimalpahin, British and Foreign Bible Society MS 374, vol. 3, fol. 64r.

De nobiebre. Sangitarius tlacamaçatl

A centaur (in descriptions of the sign of Sagittarius).


quihtoznequi

c-, qu- (3sgO) + ihtoā "say" + -z (future)+ nequi "want"
Literally "wants to say". Probably a calque of Spanish quiere decir.

Which means; that is; that is to say; i.e.


apostolo

[ápoʃˈtóːlóʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish apóstolo, from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “messenger, one sent forth”).

der

(Christianity) (he is) an apostle; one of the Twelve Apostles.


Mexicatlahtolpan

Alternative spelling of Mexihcatlahtolpan


Mexihcatlahtolpan

Mēxihcatlahtōlli "Mexica language" + -pan "in"

Nican vmpehua centlamantli teoyotica yxtlamachoni Mexicatlahtalpan [sic] omihcuillo
(Here begins a manual of spiritual prudence written in the Mexican language)

1574, Bernardino de Sahagún, Exercicio quotidiano:

In the Mexican language; in the language of the Mexica (i.e. Nahuatl).


colli

cōlli (canonical)
cōltin (absolutive plural)
īcōl (possessive singular)

yn huehuetque yllamatque. catca yn tocihuan tocolhuan yn tachtõhuan yn tomintonhuan yn topiptonhuã yn tochichicahuan

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r.:

those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great grandparents, great-grandmothers, our forefathers


cotoni

(intransitive) to snap, to break off. Intransitive counterpart of cotona.


Yancuic Mexihco

O ca yhui yn yn hualquizq̄ yn aztlan y azteca mexitin chichimeca huehuetque yn ompa axcan mitohua yancuic mexico

1609, Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, Crónica Mexicayotl:

Inìquāc yancuicān huīloac yancuic Mexìco, qui ye yuh nimàtlacxiuhtia

1649, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaracion de los adverbios della:


pilli

Noble por fama conocido. pilli.mauizçotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 181r.:

A noble, (someone) known by fame. pilli.mauizçotl.

Pilli. cuallero, o noble perſona.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 81v. col. 2.:

auh ynin Pipiltin chichimeca, omo çecan xe lo que. ynic nican cecapal huíc tezcôco,

c1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 28v.:

And these Chichimec nobles separeted themselves, coming here by way of Tetzcoco.

(chiefly in compounds or derivatives) child


tzaqua

(transitive) Alternative spelling of tzacua


yolqui

From yōli (“live”) + -qui. Compare yōlcatl (“insect”).


mahpilxocoyotl

mahpilli (“finger”) + xōcoyōtl (“youngest child”)


tzopilotl

Spanish: zopilote


yohualli

Noche generalmente. youalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 181r:


yohualli

17C: Crónica mexicayotl

(And then at night, in Huitzilihuitl's sleep, the devil Yohualli spoke to him.)

auh niman yohualtica ycochizpan yn huitzillihuitl yn quinotz yohuallli yehuatl yn diablo


xocoyotl

→ Spanish: xocoyote


nican tlacatl

nicān tlācatl (canonical)
nicān tlācah (plural)

c. 1550–80: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 12

(They got themselves up as the local people do, putting on devices, tying cloaks on to disguise themselves)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

in iuh mochichioa nican tlaca: no iuh mochichioaia, tlaviztli cōmaquiaia, tilmatli pani quimolpiliaia, inic mixpoloaia


epyollohtli

From eptli (“oyster”) + yōllohtli (“heart”).

Perla. epyollotli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 194r:

Perla. epyollotli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 95r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 29r. col. 1.

Epyollotli. a precious pearl, or a seed pearl.


Guadalupe

(Christianity) (she is) Our Lady of Guadalupe.


maxactli

Cognate with Mecayapan Nahuatl maxa' /maʃaʔ/.

Muſlo por parte de dentro. tomaxac.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:

16th c., Annals of Cuauhtitlan
imaxac caquilliaya in imatzotzopaz, auh tlamatocaya inacayo iitic
he would insert his forearm into her crotch, and feel inside her body

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Jesucristo

Borrowed from Spanish Jesucristo, contracted from Jesús Cristo, from Latin Iēsus Chrīstus.


Huitzilopochtli

From huītzilin (“hummingbird”) + ōpōchtli (“left, left-hand side”), literally “hummingbird's left”, or perhaps “hummingbird's south”.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, first book
Vitzilubuchtli: çan maceoalli, çan tlacatl catca: naoalli, tetzaujtl, atlacacemelle, teixcuepaj: quijiocoianj in iaoiutl, iaotecanj, iaotlatoanj:

17C: Crónica Mexicayotl
auh yntlapial catca quitlatlauhtiaya quiteomatia yn aquin quitocayotiaya tetzahuitl huitzilopochtli.

(he is) the hummingbird's left side; the god Huitzilopochtli.


teixcuepani

Vitzilubuchtli: çan maceoalli, çan tlacatl catca: naoalli, tetzaujtl, atlacacemelle, teixcuepanj

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 1

(Huitzilopochtli was only a common man, just a man, a sorcerer, an omen of evil; a madman, a deceiver)


-techpa

-tech (“against, attached to”) + -pa (“from, towards”)

suffix

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 1
Jnic ce capitulo, yntechpa tlatoa, yn oc cenca tlapanauja teteuh
First Chapter, which tells of the highest of the gods

ītechpa, vel ītechcopa nitlàtōz in teōtlaneltoquiliztli, hablarè de la fè.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della:


mahuizzotl

Auh in quenman, qujtemacaia, in necujltonolli: intlatqujtl, in oqujchiotl, in tiacauhiutl, in tecuiotl, in tlatocaiutl, in pillotl, in mauizçotl.

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 1

(But sometimes he bestowed riches — wealth, heroism, valor, position of dignity, rulership, nobility, honor.)

f. 7r: De mahuiçōtl la honra sale mahuiçô, persona que tiene honra
(From mahuiçōtl, honor, comes mahuiçô, person who has honor)
f. 54v: de mahuizçotl, honra, sale mahuizçô, persona de honra.
(from mahuizçotl, honor, comes mahuizçô, honored person.)


necoc yaotl

From necoc (“on both sides”) + yāōtl (“enemy”).

compound

tetzalã, tenepantla motecaia: ipampa y, mjtoaia necoc iautl

(He brought discord among people, wherefore he was called "the enemy on both sides.")

"The enemy on both sides"; an epithet of Tezcatlipoca.


oxinamacac

Auh yn jquac ilhujquixtiloia yn oxinamacaque, motlacacoujaia, tlacamjctiaia

(And when the feast day was celebrated, they who sold the turpentine unguent bought slaves and slew them.)


-tech

(added to nouns) A locative suffix: Next to, adjacent with, or attached to. May be formed into a noun designating sides or adjacent objects with -tli.


tatapahtli

tatapàtli, manta gruessa vieja, y remendada
(tatapàtli, coarse old patched blanket)

an old piece of fabric that has been mended


oxitl

alternative or obsolete spelling of ohxitl


tecciztli

Quinye yuh ontlami in tlaqua, in ye ōcuēl quicac in tēcciztli mopitza, acabaua de comer, quando oyo tocar el caracol
(He had just finished eating when he heard the conch trumpet sound)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 85r:


Painal

Jnic vme capitulo, ytechpa tlatoa yn teutl yn jtoca paynal

(Second Chapter, which tells of the god named Paynal)

A god, the representative of Huitzilopochtli.


mixtecatl

"Inhabitant of the place of clouds", from mixtli "cloud". Compare Mixtec ñuudzahui, "rain people".


otomitl

17C: Crónica Mexicayotl
auh in yehuantin yn oncan chaneque yn otomi. çan quinmotetzanhuia
(But the [local] inhabitants, the Otomí, considered them an evil portent.)

Otomitl, de nacion Otomi [...] Otomî

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 4r:


michhuah

michin (“fish”) + -huah (“possessor of”).

suffix

De michin, pescado sale michuâ, dueño de pescado
(From michin, fish, comes michuâ, owner of fish)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 18v:

(he or she is) one who has or holds fish.

In amehoantin, in njcan antlaca, in nueue españa: in anmexica, in antlaxcalteca, in ancolulteca, in anmjchoaque

(You who are natives in New Spain, you Mexicans, you Tlaxcalans, you Cholulans, you Michoaca)

Michhuàcān, Mechoacan. Michhuâ, natural de Mechoacan; y tambien significa dueño de pescado.
(Michhuàcān, Michoacan, and Michhuâ, native of Michoacan, and also possessor of fish.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 57r:

(he or she is) an inhabitant of Michoacán; a Tarascan or P'urhépecha.


temictli

Sueño lo que ſoñamos. temictli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 230r:

Tlein quinēzcāyōtia īnin tēmictli? [...] Que significa este sueño?
(What does this dream mean?)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 101v:

Sueño vano. çannen temictli.yztlacatemictli.

çan yuhquin cochìtlēhualli tēmictli īpan ticmatizquè iniz tlalticpac ic pācoa: in totechmonequi yè àcohuic, vel ilhuicacopahuic toconitztiltìtiāzquè in totlaēlēhuiliz. Hemos de mirar como sueños los gustos de la tierra, y encaminar nuestros desseos hàzia lo de arriba, hàzia el cielo.
(We must consider the pleasures of the earth as dreams and direct our desires toward the things of above, towards heaven.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 93v:


tzoncui

oc achìtonca, oc cuēl áchīc ītech ninotzoncuiz, dentro de muy breue rato me vengarè del.
(Within a very short time I will take vengeance on him.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 96v:


tzinti

In ayamo pēhua, in ayamo tzīnti izcemanāhuatl, in tlālticpactli, yeppa moyetzticà in Totēcuiyo Dios; antes que el mundo empeçasse ya era Dios Nuestro Señor
(Before the world began there was already God our Lord)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 84v:


zoquixicocuitlatl

Alternative spelling of zoquixicohcuitlatl


canauhtli

head

canauhtli (absolutive plural canauhtin, possessed īcanauh, possessed plural īcanahuān)

¶ Anade. canauhtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 18r:

ibid., f. 190v.
Pato anade domeſtica. canauhtli. caſtillã canauhtli.patox.


canauhtetl

Veuo de patos. canauhtetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 239v:

Veuo de patos. canauhtetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 115v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 12r. col. 2.

Canauhtetl. a duck egg, or that of another anatid.


coamichin

Anguilla. coamichi.
(An eel. coamichi.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 18v:

Coamichin. anguilla.
(Coamichin. eel.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r. col. 1:


citlalin

citlālin (animate canonical)
cīcitlāltin (plural)

Eſtrella. citlalli. [sic]

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 120r:

Eſtrella.citlali.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 61r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 22v. col. 1.


Itzcoatl

a male given name, borne by the 4th ruler of Tenochtitlan


ilhuicac

ilhuicatl "sky; heaven" + -c, -co (locative suffix)

Tezcatlipoca: ynin vel teutl ipan machoia, noujian ynemjian: mictla, tlalticpcac, ylhujcac.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(Tezcatlipoca: he was considered a true god, whose abose was everywhere — in the land of the dead, on earth, in heaven.)


campanario

Borrowed from Spanish campanario (“belfry”).


tlacah

plural of tlacatl; (they are) people; persons.


tlacatl

tlācatl (animate canonical)
tlācah (plural)

From Proto-Nahuan *tlaakatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *taka-ta.

(he or she is) a slave (when possessed, cf. notlācauh (“he is my slave”)).


pochoquauhtitech

Alternative spelling of pochocuauhtitech


pochotitlan

pōchōtl "silk-cotton tree" + -ti- (ligature) + -tlan "among"

ynic cẽtetl. huey calli. oztocalli. … pochotitlan. … ynin moch omtlamãtli yn Calli.

17C?: Texcoca accounts of conquest episodes, f. 132

(The first was the great thouse; [then] the cave house, ... the one among silk cotton trees ... These were all the kinds of houses.)


popoca

Humear. ni, popoca.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 143r:


pochocuauhtitech

From pōchōtl (“silk-cotton tree”) + cuahuitl (“tree, wood”) + -ti- + -tech (“attached to”).

compound

17C: Chimalpahin, "Rulers of Tenochtitlan, Tlacopan, and Texcoco", f. 84v
vi. tecpatl xihuitl, ypan in pochoquauhtitech quinpilloque yn omentin tlahtoque.

In the year Six Flint they hung two rulers on a silk-cotton tree.


pochotl

Central Nahuatl: pochotl

→ Spanish: pochote

w:Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 121r:
mā ihuicpatzinco tihuiān intlàtòcācihuāpilli, in màyuhqui pochōtl, āhuēhuētl, ma itlantzinco titocehuālhuīcān
vamonos à Nueſtra Señora; es à manera de arbol grande, y ſabino, pongamonos à ſu ſombra.
Let us go to our Lady, she is like a great tree and cypress, let us put ourselves in her shade.


atolli

Spanish: atole, xocoatole


cuiloni

Puto que padece. [c]uiloni.chimouhqui.cucuxqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 205r:


tzontecomatl

head

tzontecomatl (absolutive plural tzontecomameh)

tzontli (“hair”) + tecomatl (“gourd, vessel”)

compound

tzontecomatl. cabeza cortada y apartada del cuerpo.
(tzontecomatl. a head severed and separated from the body.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 153v. col. 1:


tocatl

Araña generalmente. tocatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 22v:


pitzotl

→ Spanish: pizote

→ Hopi: pitsooti

→ Navajo: bisóodi


tzicatl

Hormiga ponçoñoſa. tlatlauhqui azcatl. tlilazcatl. tzicatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 142r:


iztetl

From Proto-Nahuan *ɨstə-, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sutɨ.


Titlacahuan

ti- "we" + i- "possessed third singular person" + tlācatl "person; slave" + -huān (possessed plural)

"We are his slaves"; an epithet of Tezcatlipoca.


penitencia

From Spanish penitencia, from Latin paenitentia.

Auh vel timotlatemoliz, ynic yxquich vel tiquilnamiquiz motlatlacol yuan yxquich motlapal ticchiuaz, inic amo ytlacauiz mopenitencia
Y has de examinar bien tu conſciencia, [par]a traer ala memoria todos tus peccados: y has de efforçarte quanto pudieres, [par]aque no sea im[per]fecta tu penitencia

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario mayor en la lengua Mexicana y Castellana, f. 9r:


ithualli

Patio qualquiera. ythualli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 190v:


netlapololtiliztli

ne- + tlapolōltia "to disorient" + -liztli

ca cenca vey tlaiooalli, yoan netlapololtiliztli, yn atlaneltoqujliztli, in tlateutoqujliztli, in jpan oamechcauhtiaque yn amotahoan, yn amoculhoan, yn amachcoculhoan

(Very great was the darkness and the confusion, the unbelief, the idolatry in which your fathers, your grandfathers, your great-grandfathers left you)


amoxtli

Libro como quiera. amoxtli.
(Any book. amoxtli.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 155r:

Amoxtli. libro de eſcriptura.
(Amoxtli. a book of writings.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5v. col. 2:

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1.


neci

(intransitive) To appear; become visible.

yn juh neci, in ipã ie uecauh amotlacujlol

(as is evident in your ancient picture writings)

(intransitive) To seem; to appear to be a certain way.


iztac teocuitlatl

From iztāc (“something white”) + teōcuitlatl (“gold, silver”).

ynînque yn achto oquihualhuîcaque tlaollí Ychcatl Yhuá mochí ynoccequí achotl, mahuíztíc chalchiuhte me, coztic teocuytlatl, Yztac teocuitlatl

Thus as they first came here, they carried dried maize kernels, cotton, and all other seeds, marvelous turquoise stones, yellow gold, and silver.


coztic teocuitlatl

From cōztic (“something yellow”) + teōcuitlatl (“silver, gold”).

Oro. cuztic teocuitlatl. tetl coçauhqui.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 91r. col. 1:

Gold. cuztic teocuitlatl. tetl coçauhqui.

Idem, f. 27v. col. 2.
Cuztic teocuitlatl. oro.
Cuztic teocuitlatl. gold.

ynînque yn achto oquihualhuîcaque tlaollí Ychcatl Yhuá mochí ynoccequí achotl, mahuíztíc chalchiuhte me, coztic teocuytlatl, Yztac teocuitlatl
(Thus as they first came here, they carried dried maize kernels, cotton, and all other seeds, marvelous turquoise stones, yellow gold, and silver.)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r. yn chalchihuitl. yn coztic teocuitlatl. yn quetzalli. yn quetzalitztli. yn tapachtli. yn tlapaltehuilotl. yn tlaçotlaquẽtli. (of precious green stones, of gold, of quetzal feathers, of emerald-green jade, of spondylus shells, of amethysts, of costly clothing.)


ilhuicac tlahtohcayotl

Literally "rulership in the sky"; a calque of Spanish reino de los cielos (“reign of the heavens”), itself a calque of Ancient Greek βασιλεία τῶν ουρανῶν (basileía tôn ouranôn), from the Gospel of Matthew.

der

βασιλεία τῶν ουρανῶν

injc inmac anqujçazque in diablosme: ioan ynjc anqujcnopilvizque yn jlvicac tlatocaiotl.

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(that you may escape the hands of the devils, and that you may attain the Kingdom of Heaven.)

17C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 5v.

(He alone accords one His grace and His glory, the Kingdom of Heaven)

çan iceltzin quimotemaquilia yn igr̅a. yhuan yn igloriatzin, yn ilhuicac tlahtocayotl.

Quemmach huel Yehuantin, in Icnotlacatzitzintin, in Inyollocopa motilinia; (los pobres voluntarios) yehica ca Imaxca in Ilhuicac Tlatocayotl.
([Matthew 5:3] Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.)

1759, Ignacio de Paredes, Promptuario Manual Mexicano, page 361:


tlachueyac

Mitoa, motenehua cayehuantin Yn Tolteca tlachueyaque
(It is said, it is mentioned that they, the Toltecs, were large of body.)


tlapallácuilóque

Alternative spelling of tlapallahcuilohqueh


titlapallácuilóque

Alternative spelling of titlapallahcuilohqueh


tlapallahcuiloh

Preterite agentive of tlapallahcuiloa, from tlapalli "color" + tlahcuiloa "to paint".

1570: petition of a group of painters to the Spanish alcalde mayor yn téhuantin titlapallácuilóque nican tochan tollantzinco (we painters whose home is here in Tulancingo)


tepezolin

tepēzōlin (canonical)
tepēzōlimeh (plural)

From tepētl (“mountain”) + zōlin (“quail”).

Perdiz aue conocida. tepeçulin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 193v:

Tepeçulin. perdiz.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 102v. col. 2:

onca:ncanaía, tepe Zolime. totochtin, cuauhtotolim, Mazame, ozo lome, cuamíztin, tecuanímê, […]

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 11r:

There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts; […]


cuauhtotolin

head

cuauhtōtolin (animate, plural cuauhtōtolmeh)

cuauhtōtolin (canonical)
cuauhtōtolmeh (plural)

From cuahuitl (“tree, wood”) + tōtolin (“turkey”).

compound

Penelope purpurascens
Penelope purpurascens#Translingual


cuauhmiztli

onca:ncamaía, tepe Zolime, totochtin, cuahtotolim, Mazame, oze lome, cuamíztin [superscript: quauhmiztin], tecuanímê
(There were partridges, rabbits, fowl, deer, jaguars, mountain lions, and savage beasts)


piptontli

Viſauela. piptontli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 244r:

c. 1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18r. yn huehuetque yllamatque. catca yn tocihuan tocolhuan yn tachtõhuan yn tomintonhuan yn topiptonhuã yn tochichicahuan (those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great grandparents, great-grandmothers, our forefathers)

Great-grandmother, or great-grandfather's sister.


mintontli

Nieto tercero o nieta tercera. mintontli. teminton.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180v:

c. 1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18v. in tehuantin yn titepilhuan yn titeyxhuihuan yn titeyccatotonhuan yn titemintotonhuan yn titepiptotonhuan yn titechichicahuan. yn titetlapallohuan yn titeheçohuan (we sons, grandsons, younger brothers, great-great-grandchildren, great-grandchildren, we, their descendants, their offspring)


ixhuiuhtli

Nieto o nieta. yxuiuhtli. teixuiuh.
[...]
Nietos deſcendientes abaxo. tepilhuan.teixuiuan.

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 18v.
in tehuantin yn titepilhuan yn titeyxhuihuan yn titeyccatotonhuan yn titemintotonhuan yn titepiptotonhuan yn titechichicahuan. yn titetlapallohuan yn titeheçohuan

we sons, grandsons, younger brothers, great-great-grandchildren, great-grandchildren, we, their descendants, their offspring

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 32r–v. quilhuia. totecuiyoye noxhuiuhtzine. tlacatle tlahtohuanie timitztotlalcahualtizque. timitztotlapololtizque. yn timomacehualhuan. ca mitzmotlatlauhtilia. yn mocolhuan (They said to him: Our lord, my grandson, lord, ruler, we [do not wish to] make you forgetful, to confuse and distract you, we who are your subjects. We beg you, we your grandfathers)


chichicatl

Hiel. chichicatl.techichicauh.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 139v:


ahtlanqui

ah- "not" + tlami "come to an end" + -qui

c1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 20r–v yn cenquizcahueyhuecapan yn atlancatzintli yn atzonquizqui. yn iteoyotzin Dios. (the most perfectly sublime, infinite, eternal divinity of God)


tzinitzcan

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot the troupial, the eagle)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r auh yn nepapan yhuitl yhuan amechmacazq̃. yn xiuhtototl yn tlauhquechol yn tzinitzca. (And they will also give you the various kinds of feathers—cotinga, spoonbill, trogon)


aneneztli

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli. (And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, dragonfly larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)


ahuihuitla

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli. (And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, draonfly, larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)


xiuhtototl

[ʃiʍˈtóːtoːt͡ɬ]

From xihuitl (“turquoise”) + tōtōtl (“bird”).

Xiuhtototl: [...] iuhquj, ixqujch in tzanatl. tenvitztic, tentliltic: in jielpan aiopaltic

16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 11, chapter 2, paragraph 1

(Lovely cotinga: [...] It is like all the slender-billed grackles. The bill is pointed, black. Its breast is purple, [etc.])
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Motech patlantinemi yn Xiuhtototl, yn tzinytzcan, yn tlauhquechol yn Zaquan.
(The blue cotinga, the trogon, the roseate spoonbill, and the troupial fly around on you [sc. the earth].)

17th century, Pedro Calderón de la Barca (Spanish), Bartolomé de Alva (Nahuatl translation), El Gran Teatro del Mundo, f. 2r.

16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1, chapter 19

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot the troupial, the eagle)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

circa 1609 Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Crónica mexicayotl, f. 24r

(And they will also give you the various kinds of feathers—cotinga, spoonbill, trogon)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

auh yn nepapan yhuitl yhuan amechmacazq̃. yn xiuhtototl yn tlauhquechol yn tzinitzca.


Patzcuaro

From Spanish [Term?], from Purepecha [Term?].

c1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24v auh ynic quincauhque. yn michhuaque atlan mahuiltiaya yn oquichtin. yhuan yn cihua. yn oncan bazquallo. ytocayocan. (And when they left the Michhuaque, the men and women were disporting in the water at a place called Pátzcuaro.)


petlazolcoatl

From petlazolli (“old mat”) + cōātl (“snake”).

Cciento [sic] pies guſano. petlaçolcoatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 64r:

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 25r ca mochi quinotza yn petlaçolcohuatl. yn tocatl. (She summoned all [manner of] centipedes and spiders.)


acocilin

Cf. acuicilin; Tetelcingo Nahuatl öcusili̱.

¶ Acocili: iuhqujn chacali. Injtzontecon: iuhqujn chapoLtzontecomatl, tepitvn, iaiactvntli, mâmaie.

[1569], Bernardino de Sahagún, editor, Florentine Codex, volume 3, page 68r:

The acocil is like a shrimp. Its head is like a grasshopper's head. It is small, small and dark, has many legs.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli. (And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, dragonfly larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)


cueyatl

Rana. cueyatl.cuiyatl.acacuiyatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 208r:

Auh in pipiltotonti muchintin qujntlaxqujaia: yn aca coatl: cujiatl, xoujli, axolotl, tototl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(And all the little children roasted some snakes, frogs, small white fish, the axolotl, birds)

yhuan ye quixinachohua yn mimichtin. yn cueyame. yn axollome. yn acociltin. aneneztin. ahuihuitlame yn axaxayacatl. yn quatecomatl. yoyolli.
(And fish now bred, and frogs, salamanders, crayfish, draonfly, larvae, swamp worms, winged water insects, [other] insects)

c. 1609, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 26r:


quetzalitztli

From quetzalli (“quetzal feather”) + ītztli (“obsidian”).

vel qujciiavj vel qujhiiouja, ynic qujtemoa in chalchiujtl, in quetzalitztli

(Greatly were they wearied, much did they suffer to seek out the precious green stones, emerald-green jade)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r. yn chalchihuitl. yn coztic teocuitlatl. yn quetzalli. yn quetzalitztli. yn tapachtli. yn tlapaltehuilotl. yn tlaçotlaquẽtli. (of precious green stones, of gold, of quetzal feathers, of emerald-green jade, of spondylus shells, of amethysts, of costly clothing.)


quetzalli

From quetza (“to raise, lift, stand”) + -lli.

Nopilhtze, nocuzque, noquetzale

1547, Andrés de Olmos, Arte para aprender la lengua mexicana:


tlauhquechol

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot the troupial, the eagle

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24r

And they will also give you the various kinds of feathers—cotinga, spoonbill, trogon


xiuhtotonacoche

Alternative spelling of xiuhtotonacocheh


xiuhtotonacocheh

xiuhtōtōnacochtli "Lovely Continga-feather ear pendant" + -eh "possessor"

Auh ynjc muchichioaia: xiuhtotonacacohe catca

(And he was thus arrayed: he had an ear pendant of lovely continga feathers)

One that has an ear pendant of Lovely Continga feathers.


vitzitzilnaoale

Obsolete spelling of huitzitzilnahualeh.


xiuhtotonacochtli

xiuhtōtōtl "Lovely Cotinga" + nacochtli "ear pendant"

An ear pendant of Lovely Continga feathers.


huitzitzilnahualeh

huitzitzilnahualli "hummingbird disguise" + -eh "possessor"

Auh ynjc muchichioaia, … vitzitzilnaoale

(And he was thus arrayed: ... His was the hummingbird disguise.)


huitzitzilnahualli

huitzitzilin "hummingbird" + nahualli "disguise"


aztatzontli

āztatl "Snowy Egret" + tzontli "hair; head"


ocelocopileh

ocelocopilli "conical jaguar-skin headpiece" + -eh "possessor"

Auh yujn yn muchichioaia: ocelocopile

(And he was thus arrayed: he had a conical ocelot skin cape.)

One that has a conical jaguar-skin headpiece.


ocelocopilli

ocelotl "jaguar" + copilli "conical headpiece"


aztatzoneh

āztatzontli (“ornament of Snowy Egret feathers”) + -eh (“possessor”)

Auh ynjc muchichioaia, … aztatzone

(And he was thus arrayed: ... he had a crown of heron feathers)

One that has a Snowy Egret-feather ornament.


tocatzahualli

ic mjtoaia, ic moteneoaia, intla tlaçolli, yntla tocatzaoalli, yntla tzontli, intla tecolli, vncan vetztoc: ic mjtoaia, aço tetlaxima, aço ichtec

(It was said, it was affirmed, that if dirt, cobwebs, a hair, charcoal lay fallen there, then it was said he was either an adulterer or a thief)


yaotenhuah

yāōtēnhuah (canonical)
yāōtēnhuahqueh (plural)

yāōtl (“enemy; war”) + tēntli (“lip; edge”) + -huah (“possessor”).

yn jxqujch techiaoalotoc, yn iautenoaque, yn iaotenco onoque, qujnoalcaoaia yn jnmalhoan, yn jntlaaxioan

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(All who lay surrounding, those who held the enemy borders, those who dwelt on the enemy borders brought their captives, their prisoners here.)

those near the enemy border; those on the front line


teoxihuitl

vel quijciiavj vel qujhiiouja, ynic qujtemoa … in teuxiujtl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(Greatly were they wearied, much did they suffer to seek out ... fine turquoise)


tzapotecatl

Tzapotecatl (canonical)
tzapotecah (plural)

tzapotl (“sapote”) + tecatl (“inhabitant of place”).

Anaoatl iteouh: tzapoteca in vel inteuh catca,

c. 1500, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex book 1

He was the god of the seashore people, the proper god of the Zapotecs.


ocelopetlatl

vel qujciiavj vel qujhiiouja, ynic qujtemoa … in tequaneoatl, yn ocelupetlatl.

(Greatly were they wearied, much did they suffer to seek out ... the skins of fierce animals, rugs of ocelot skins)


toztli

in nepapan ihujtl, in quetzalli, in tzinjtzcan, in tlauhquechol, xiuhtototl, in toztli, çaqua: quauhtli

(all manner of feathers: the long tail feathers of the resplendent trogon, its red breast feathers, those of the roseate spoonbill, the lovely cotinga, the yellow headed parrot, the troupial, the eagle)


iztac tepetl

Iztac tepetl
Iztac tepetl#Classical_Nahuatl


Iztac tepetl

qujnpiquiz: quetzalcoatl, in chalchivitl ycue, in tlaloc: popucatepetl, iztac tepetl, poiauhtecatl: yoan in çaço quezqujtetl tepetl in qujnteneoaz in qujpiquiz.
(he would mold representations of Quetzalcoatl, Chalchiuitl ycue, Tlaloc, Popocatepetl, Iztac tepetl, Poiauhtecatl, and any other mountain of which they would choose to make representations.)


Popocatepetl

From popōca (“to smoke”) + tepētl (“mountain”).


regidor

head

regidor (animate, plural regidores or regidoresmeh)

regidores (plural)
regidoresmeh (plural)

1583: grant of a site for a house, San Miguel Tocuillan Do jua Migel Regidor (Don Juan Miguel, regidor.)

1720: confirmation of the status of fields belonging to Santa Elena (Tulancingo)

(And all of us, governor, regidor mayor, and alcaldes, all of us officials of the commonwealth)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

auh tiquitohua timochintin Gouᵒʳ Rexidor mᵒʳ yhuan alcaldes timochintin ofiçiales de rrepublica

(he is) a regidor; an alderman or councilman.


teuhtli tlahzolli

c1600: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(When he walked on the earth, he quickened vice and sin.)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Jn jquac nemja tlalticpac, iehoatl qujiolitiaja, in teuhtli tlaçolli


tlahzolli

Alternative form of tlazōlli (“trash, rubbish, manure”), assuming the derivation tla- + the patientive of ihzoloa (“to wear out”).


corregidoryotl

Corregimiento. corregidoryotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 55v:

a corregimiento; the jurisdiction of a corregidor


tapachtli

Coral. tapachtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 55r:


tlacamecayotl

From tlācatl (“person”) + mecatl (“rope”) + -yōtl.

Casta linaje. tlacamecayotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 45v:


tzonhuaztli

Lazo. tzouaztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 153r:

Juh qujtoaia, ca iehoatl itlatzintil, ytlanextil, qujnexti, qujteittiti in matlatl, yn atlatl, yn mjnacachalli, yn avictli, tzonvaztli.

(They said that he invented, he revealed, the net, the atlatl, the trident, the pole for properlling boats, the bird snare—these were his innovations, his inventions.)


cuecuechmictia

ACoſſar a alguno. nite,cuecuechmictia.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 245v:


cenxiquipilli

From cen- (“one”) + xiquipilli (“bag; 8,000”).


acallapani

acalli (“boat”) + tlapani (“to break into pieces”)

compound

PAdecer naufragio. n,acallapani. nopan tlapani yn acalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 248r:

(intransitive, obsolete) To be shipwrecked.


tataca

(f. 208r:) Rascar. nino,tataca. niuo,momotzoa. [sic]
(f. 248r:) RAſcarſe. nino,momotzoa.nino,tataca.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana:

(f. 46v:) Cauar haziendo hoyo. nitlatataca.
(f. 111r:) Eſcaruar tierra o coſa aſſi. nitla,tataca. nitla,uauana. nitla,xexeloa.


zahuatl

17C: Chimalpahin, "Don Gabriel de Ayala's Year Count", f. 80r.
¶ xi calli xihuitl 1529 años ypan in çahuatl momanaco totomonihuac
(The year Eleven House, 1529. At this time smallpox prevailed; there were blisters.)

Çáhuátl, ambas breues, sarna, ò viruelas, ò cosas semejante.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 127r:

Çahuatl, with both vowels short, rash, smallpox, or the like.


maxauhtinemi

Auh yn oquichtin aocmo maxtleque. ça tzintlapantinemia. anoço ça tzintlapãtinemi maxauhtinemi.

c. 1609, Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 24v:

And [so] the men no longer have breechclouts. They just go with buttocks or virile members bare.

xicmotlaçòcāmachilti in tlàtoāni, in ōmitzmo chìchīhuili, moquechtlan oquimopilhuì inon tilmàtli, in oc nòmà āxcān tictlālìtinemi, in tlāçan āxcān an ca timaxáuhtinemiz, an ca ça achchi in motzòtzomàtzin
tienes que agradecer al Gouernador, que te ha vestido, y dadote essa manta, que traes puesta, que si no à estas horas andubieras con las carnes de fuera lleno de andraxos.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 105.:

You must thank the governor, who has dressed you and given you that cloak you have on; if he hadn’t, you would not be going about with your flesh exposed and in rags.

(intransitive) to not wear clothes to cover one's genitals; to expose oneself


toloatzin

→ Spanish: toloache

toloa "bow one's head" + -tzin (honorific/diminutive)

Datura inoxia
Datura inoxia#Translingual

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual

Datura inoxia, a hallucinogenic plant. Often confused with Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), another hallucinogenic plant.


cemihcac

cem- (“whole; entire”) + ihca (“be standing”) + -c

confix

Siempre, aduerbio. muchipa.cemicac.aiccaui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 225v:

17C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 3v.

([John 3:16] For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.)

Jn dios. tetatzin inic cenca oquimotlaçotili in cemanahuac tlaca. oquinmomaquili in itlaçopiltzin. in çan iceltzin mehuiltia ynic amo polihuiz yn çaço aquin quimoneltoquitia. çan quicnopilhuiz. quimaxcatiz. in cemicac nemiliztli


propheta

From Spanish propheta (archaic spelling of profeta), from Latin prophēta, from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs).

17C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 4r.
ca intlanel ce Angel. ahnoço aca huei sancto, ahnoço aca huei propheta xiqualmihualiani

Supposing that You had sent an angel or some great saint or some great prophet here


tecutlacoçauhqui

Alternative spelling of teuctlacozauhqui


teuctlacozauhqui

teuctli (“lord”) + tla- (“?”) + cozauhqui (“yellow”)

compound

Biuora grande pintada. tecutlacoçauhqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 33v:

itech qujça in tecutli, yoan coçauhquj: injc mjtoa tecutlacoçauhquj, quil imachcauh in cocooa

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chaapter 5, paragraph 1

(it comes from "lord" and "yellow." It is called "yellow lord" because it is said to be the leader of the serpents.)

quauhtli yn nopã ycac oçelotl yn nopan ycac cuetlachtli yn nopan ycac teuctlacoçauhqui y nopan mani çenca nechmauhtia yn notemic

(An eagle is standing on top of me. A jaguar is standing on top of me. A wolf is standing on top of me. A rattlesnake is lying on top of me. My dream terrifies me.)


tlilcoatl

⸿ Acoatl: tlilcooatl, atlan chane

c'''. 1576, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, volume 3, lib. II, cap. IV, párr. III, page 73v:

Middle American indigo snake (Drymarchon melanurus).


cuepa

Boluer algo dela otra parte. nitla,cuepa.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 35r:

yn acalli qujcuepa, qujxtlapachcuepa, queoatiquetza, ca aco maiauj, ca tema.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 1

(She upset the boat, overturned it, lifted it up, tossed it up, plunged it in the water.)

Si S. Lorenço hablara en Mexicano con el Tirano, el dixera: ca ye ōtléhuāc izcentlapal noyōmòtlan: xitlanahuati, mā nechcuepacān, inic nitléhuāquiz in occentlapal [...] ya està assado vn lado de mis costados, manda que me bueluan, para que se asse el otro
(If St. Lawrence talked in Mexican with the tyrant, he would say, [...] One side of my flanks is already roasted, order them to turn me so the other side will be roasted)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 92v:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1609: Tezozomoc, Chimalpahin, Cronica mexicayotl, f. 57r. ynin çan quipamictito yn españoles Mexica ohtlipã ynic ye hualmocuepaya yn españa yc huia oyolcocoq̃ (The Mexica just poisoned him on his way back from Spain, where had gone.)

aocmoninocuepaz nochan, ca yenicān ninomati, no me boluerè mas à mi casa, por que ya me hallo bien aqui.
(I will not return to my home again, because I am happy here.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 79r:

nixolopìtli ninocuepa, me bueluo tonto, tixolopìtin titocuepâ, nos boluemos tontos
(nixolopìtli ninocuepa, I turn into an idiot; Tixolopìtin titocuepâ, We turn into idiots.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 14v:

1645: ibid., f. 121r. Iuhquin anchichimè anmocuepà inìquāc anquimotequimacà in mīxītl in tlapātl, os bolueis como perros, quando beueis demasiado. (You become like dogs when you drink excessively.)

Nicã ompeua yn neyolmelaualoni, yn amo veyac yn çã tepiton, yn oq̓motlalili oquimotecpanili yn padre fray Alonſo de Molina ſ. Frãciſco teopixq̓ ynipã nauatlatolli oq̓mocuepili.
Aq̓ comiẽça vn Cõfeſsionario, breue y pequeño: compueſto por el padre fray Alonſo d̓ Molina d̓la ordẽ d̓ ſeñor. ſ. Franciſco, buelto y traduzido enla lẽgua delos nauas, por el miſmo autor.

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breve en lengua mexicana y castellana, f. 2r:

xiccaqui iz çāço tāctè titlàcoāni, izçāço quēnman ihuicpatzinco timocuepaz in Totēcuiyo, mitzmopòpolhuilīz izçāço quēxquich, ihuan iz çāçotlein ic otimōyolìtlacalhuî, oye pecador, qualquiera que tu seas, à qualquier hora, que te conuirtieres à Nuestro Señor te perdonarà qualesquiera pecados, que ayas cometido.
(Listen, sinner, whoever you should be, at whatever hour, if you convert to our Lord he will pardon you whatever sins you should have committed.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 116r:


Tezcatlipoca

Related to tezcatl. According to some theory, literally "smoking mirror".

Jnic ey, capitulo, ytechpa tlatoa in teutl, yn jtoca tezcatlipoca

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 1

(Third Chapter, which telleth of the god named Tezcatlipoca)


nappa

Quatro vezes . nappa.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 120v. col. 1:


tix

first-person plural possessive plural of īxtli; (they are) our eyes.


techalotl

A squirrel; any of several species of the genus Sciurus.


ychteccatetlatzontequiliani

ychtecqui (“thief”) + tetlatzontequiliani (“judge”)

Iuez delos ladrones. ychtecca tetlatzontequiliani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 145r:


tonalmitl

Rayo del ſol. tonameyotl. tonalmitl.
(Ray of sunshine. tonameyotl. tonamitl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 207v:

tonalmitl. rayo del ſol.
(tonalmitl. sunbeam.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 149v. col. 1:


tepatlachuiani

te- + patlachuia (“to have lesbian sex with”) + -ni

Muger que lo haze a otra. tepatlachuiani.tepatlachui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178r:


gadana

Borrowed from Spanish catana, from Japanese 刀 (katana).

oncan quitecatihui ce gadana tepoztli yuhqui yn imespada ypã ponhui
(there they place a katana of metal, which counts as their sword)


mizconetl

Leoncillo. miztontli. miztepiton. mizconetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 154r:


huizacotl

Liron animal. xaltoçan.uiçacotl.chachauatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 156v:


teococoliztli

Lepra. teococoliztli. teococolizpalaniliztli.

1555, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 154r:


acuetzpalin

From ātl (“water”) + cuetzpalin (“lizard”).

Lagarto grande de agua. acuetzpalin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152r:

Lagarto grande de agua.acuetzpalin.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76v. col. 1:

A large aquatic reptile; an alligator or caiman.


ichtecqui

From ichtequi (“to steal”) + -qui (agentive).

Ladron eſcondido. ychtecqui.ychtequini.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152r:

In ichtecqui quintlacuìcuīlia in nènenquê, el ladron quita à los caminantes lo que lleuan

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 63r:

The thief takes what they are carrying from those passing by.


mayaquen

Lobo o loba, o adiue. cuetlachtli.cuyutl.mayaquen.


chachauatl

CHACHAOATL: camaxiqujpile, anoço camaxixiquj: iuhqujn toçan, tomavac, cujtlatomactontli …

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 1, paragraph 7

(POCKET GOPHER: It is the cheek-bagged one; or the cheek-bags. Like the gopher, it is thick, with small, thick back. [etc.])

Merriam's pocket gopher (Cratogeomys merriami).


tlacatlahcuiloh

tlācatlahcuiloh (canonical)
tlācatlahcuilohqueh (plural)

Pintor de hombres. tlacatlacuilo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 196v:


mecahuehuetl

From mecatl (“cord”) + huēhuētl (“drum”).

Laud inſtrumento muſico. mecaueuetl.
(Lute, musical instrument. mecaueuetl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 152v:

mecaueuetl. viguela, o harpa.
(mecaueuetl. a vihuela or harp.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 55r. col. 1:


icpitl

Luziernaga. ycpitl. copitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 157v:

Luciernaga. ycpitl. copitl. xoxotla. xoxotlato.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 78v. col. 2:

A firefly. ycpitl. copitl. xoxotla. xoxotlato.


cuetzpalin

Lagartija. cuetzpalin.topitl. topitzin.

Idem, 220r.

Lagartija. cuetzpalin topitl. topitzin.

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.
chicume cuez / palj. q quiere / dezir siete lagar / tijas.
chicume cuez palj. [sic] which means “seven lizards”.

The fourth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, corresponding to this animal.


tlacatlacuiloliztli

tlacatl (“person”) + tlacuiloliztli (“painting”)

Pintura de hombres. tlacatlacuiloliztli.


teococolizpalaniliztli

teōcocoliztli "leprosy" + palāniliztli "rottenness; infection"

Lepra. teococoliztli.teococolizpalaniliztli.


cuitlatlotli

cuitlatl (“excrement”) + tlotli (“hawk”)

Sacre eſpecie de halcon. cuitlatlotli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 219r:


tlachihualli

From tla- + chīhua (“to do, create”) + -lli.

Criatura. tlachiualli.tlapictli.tlayucuxtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 58r:

ibid., f. 138r.
Hechiza coſa hecha. tlachiuhtli. tlayocoxtli. tlachiualli.
Heho, [sic] nombre ſuſtantiuo. tlachiualli.tlayocoztli. [sic]

ibid., f. 182v.
Obra la meſma coſa hecha. tlachiualli. tlachiuhtli.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1, appendix

(the true God, the Creator Who seeth over all His creation.)

in vel nelli dios teiocuianj, in qujmocujtlaujtzinoa, in jxqujch in jtlachioaltzin.

Something made: construction; artifact; creation; handiwork.


teilaquiliztli

From tē- (“someone, people”) + ilaquia (“to drown”) + -liztli.

prefix

16th century, Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 1

(And also were attributed to him [Tlaloc] the drowning of people, the thunderbolts.)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Yoan no itech tlamjloia, in teilaqujliztli, in tlaujtequjliztli.

the drowning of someone; the drowning of people


tepoleh

In patlache: ca tlahelcioatl, cioatl xipine tepule

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10

(The hermaphrodite is a detestable woman, a woman who has a penis)


cuetlauhqui

Muſtia planta. cuetlauhqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:


tlalticpacquiza

tlālticpac "the world" + quīza "to emerge"

Nacer. nitlacati.ni,tlalticpacquiça.


eptapalcatl

eptli (“oyster; pearl”) + tapalcatl (“potsherd”)

compound

Nacar de perla. eptapalcatl.


tzintamalli

Nalga. tzintamalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 179r.:


tepolli

Miembro del hombre. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 171v:

Natura de macho. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 179v:

Pixa. tepulli.tototl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 197r:


cocoxqui

head

cocoxqui (absolutive plural cocoxqueh, possessive singular īcocoxcāuh, possessive plural īcocoxcāhuān)

cocoxqueh (absolutive plural)
īcocoxcāuh (possessive singular)
īcocoxcāhuān (plural possessive)

Enfermo generalmente. cocoxqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 101r:

Puto que padece [c]uiloni.chimouhqui.cucuxqui.

A gay man who is the passive partner in sex; a bottom.

16th c. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


tlacatiliztli

Nacimiento de coſas animadas. tlacatiliztli.

oc yuhmōztla ītlācatiliztzin in Totēcuiyo in ōhuāllà in motitlantzin, vn dia antes de Nauidad vino tu mensajero.
(Your messenger came a day before the birth of our Lord [i.e. Christmas].)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 97r:


patlachuia

Hazerlo la muger a otra. nite,patlachuia.
(For the woman to do it to another.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 137v:

Cuix aca occe ciuatl, amoneuan ammopatlachuique?
Has cometido el pecado contra natura, con otra muger como tu?
(Have you committed the sin against nature, with another woman like yourself?)

1565, Alonso de Molina, Confessionario breve en lengua mexicana y castellana, f. 12v:

tepatlachuia, mocioaicniuhtia, aic monamictiznequi, cenca quincocolia aiel quimittaz in oquichti

(She has carnal relations with other women; she takes female companions. She never desires a husband; she hates, detests men exceedingly)


mictihuetzi

miqui "to die" + -ti- + huetzi "to fall"

Morir cayendo. nimictiuetzi.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 176r:


amiqui

Tener ſed. n,amiqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 233r:

(intransitive) To be thirsty; to thirst.


mayana

Tener hambre. ni,teociui. ni,mayana.


nahuatlahtoh

nāhuatlahtoh anim (plural nāhuatlahtohqueh)

nāhuatlahtoh (animate canonical)
nāhuatlahtohqueh (plural)

Preterite agentive of nāhuatlahtoa (“to interpret”).

Ynterprete. nauatlato.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 150r:

Ladina coſa. nauatlato. tetlatolmatini.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 151v:

17C: Chimalpahin, Crónica mexicayotl, f. 60r.

(A Spaniard named Juan Grande, an interpreter in the Audiencia Real)

ce español ytoca Juan grande nahuatlahto audiencia real


mochil

[ˈmó.t͡ʃiːɬ]

second-person singular possessive singular of chīlli; (it is) my chili pepper.

second-person singular possessive plural of chīlli; (they are) my chili peppers.


-tlan

(added to nouns) A locative suffix denoting adjacency or distance below: Under, around.


-tlan

(added to nouns) A locative suffix meaning "place of."


tlacaçolchichiuale

Alternative spelling of tlacazolchichihualeh


chichioalmecapalli

Alternative spelling of chichihualmecapalli


chichiualmecapal

Alternative spelling of chichihualmecapal


tlacazolchichihualeh

tlācazolchīchīhualeh (canonical)
tlācazolchīchīhualehqueh (plural)

tlācazolli (“glutton”) + chīchīhualli (“breasts”) + -eh (“having”)

af

Tetuda de grandes tetas. chichiualatecomatl.chichiualmecapal.chichiualaapilol.tlacaçolchichiuale.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 234r:

Someone that is busty; buxom; has large breasts.


chichihualmecapalli

chīchīhualli (“breasts”) + mecapalli (“tumpline”)

compound

Chichioallic … ichichioal, uiuiiac, memecapaltic, chichioalmecapalli, atoltic.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 27, paragraph 9


zoquiyoh

Enlodada coſa. tlaçoquiuilli.tlaçoquinelolli.tlaçoquialtilli
çoquiyo.mocaçoquitl.çoçoquiyotilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 104r:


mauhcatzatzi

mauhqui (“frightened”) + tzatzi (“shout”)

Gritar. ni,tzatzi. ni,chiquiliztzatzi. ni,chichiquiliztzatzi. ni,mauhcatzatzi.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 133r:


quiyahui

Llouer. quiaui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 159r:


xiquipiltontli

From xiquipilli (“bag”) + -tontli (diminutive).

suffix

Bolſa. lo miſmo vel.xiquipiltontli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 34v:


tzatzi

Balar la oueja tzatzi.choca.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 30v:

ibid., f. 30v.
Bramar el torro. choca.tzatzi.

ibid., f. 66r.
Darbozes. nitzatzi.ni,tzatzatzi.

ibid., f. 133r.
Gritar. ni,tzatzi.ni,chiquiliztzatzi. ni,chichiquiliztzatzi.ni,mauhcatzatzi.

ibid., f. 200v.
Pregonar. nitzatzi.

(intransitive) To shout; yell; vocalize (of both humans and animals).


tepoztzotzopaztli

tepoztli (“metal”) + tzotzopaztli (“weaver's reed”)

compound

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1640–41: Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), The Animal Prophet and the Fortunate Patricide, f. 32. Ca yehuatl in yn notepoztzotzopatz [sic] yn ye ypal monemītia yc onicmomāquīxtillì (This is my metal weaver's reed by whose grace he lives and with which I saved him.)


xilotl

Maçorca de mayz antes que ſe quaje el grano. xilotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 159v:

(Cob of maize before the kernel is formed.)

immature, green ear of maize; jilote, baby corn

1640–41, Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El animal profeta y dichoso patricida, f. 18r.
Ma. v timahuiztic tlacatl yeçe yuhqui yn quenin mochihua noyollo cuix çā ytlà nimitzylhuīz
Tiçoc v Tleyn ticmìhtalhuia cuix nixīlōtl cuix aca nechyhtitzayanaz
MALINTZIN: You are an honorable person. Nevertheless, my heart is uneasy about this. Shall I say something to you?

TIZOC: What are you saying? Am I a blabbermouth? Will someone rip it out of me?

One that cannot keep secrets; a blabber; blabbermouth.


cuicuitzcatl

cuīcuītzcatl (canonical)
cuīcuītzcameh (plural)

Golondrina.cuicuitzcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 131r:

CUJCUJTZCATL: tliltontli, tenvitzpil, xopapachton [etc.]

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 2, paragraph 3

(Barn swallow: It is small and black, with small, pointed bill, with small, short legs.)

cuīcuītzcatl, golondrina: cuīcuītzcámê, golondrinas.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaracion de los adverbios della, f. 4r:


cuicatl

Canto cancion. cuicatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 42v:

Idem, f. 43r.

Cancion o canto.cuicatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 24r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 24r. col. 2.

Idem, f. 26v. col. 1.


cuicuitzcaconetl

From cuīcuītzcatl (“swallow”) + conētl (“child”).

Golondrino pollo nueuo de golondrina. cuicuitzcaconetl.
(A swallow chick or hatchling. cuicuitzcaconetl.)

Cuicuitzcaconetl. golondrino.
(Cuicuitzcaconetl. a swallow chick.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 26v. col. 2:


xococ

Azeda coſa. xococ.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 30r:


xamitl

Adobe de barro. xamitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 8r:


notza

Citar a juizio. nite,nauatia. nite,notza.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 65r:

Llamar. nite,notza. nite,tzatzilia.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 158v:

17C: Pedro Calderón de la Barca (Spanish), Bartolomé de Alva (Nahuatl translation), El Gran Teatro del Mundo, f. 1v.
Aquin nechnotza? — Who summons me?


xiuhtototic

Xihujtzilli: macitica, motqujtica texotic: xiuhtototic, ticeoac, teuhxiuhtic, xippopoca, teuxippopoca.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, "Florentine Codex", book 11, chapter 2, paragraph 2

(Costa hummingbird: It is entirely, completely light blue like a cotinga, pale like fine turquoise. It is resplendent like turquoise, like fine turquoise.)


yoli

Biuir. ni,yolli.ni,nemi.
[...]
Biuo. yoli.nemini.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 33v:


yectenehua

yēctli "good" + tenēhua "to name; recognize"

Alabar a otro. nite.yecteneua. nite.yequito. nite.q̈litoa.
[...]
Alabarſe. nino.yecteneua. nino.yequitoa. nino.qualitoa.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 13v:


teocuitlacuzcatl

Alternative spelling of teocuitlacozcatl


xonacatl

Cebolla. xonacatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 61r:


teocuitlacozcatl

Ioya. teocuitlacuzcatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144r:


ahuillahtolli

āhuilli "fun" + tlahtōlli "word; speech; language"

Iuego de palabras. camanallatolli. auillatolli. tentlamachtli. uetzquiztlatolli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144v:


cuauhpatolli

From cuahuitl (“wood”) + patōlli (“board game”).

Iuego de axedrez. quauhpatolli.


yolcatl

From yōli (“to live”). Compare yōlqui (“living thing, beast of burden”).

Biua coſa como ſauandija. yolcatl.

A thing that is alive, like a bug. yolcatl.

Yolcatl. ſauandija.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 39v. col. 2:

quicauyia yn tlen cacia yolcame papalome-

c. 1600, anonymous author, Anónimo mexicano, f. 2v:

and they ate whatever they found, insects and butterflies.

Idem, f. 15r.

Then they made an offering of various insects.


tlequiquiztlalxoquiyac

tlequiquiztlalli "gunpowder; sulfur" + xoquiyac "smell; stink"

Hedor de piedra çufre o coſa ſemejante. tlequiquiztlalxoquiyac.xoquiyayaliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 138r:


tenamaztli

Nacido con otros dos. tenamaztli. / Nacidos tres deſta manera.tenamaztin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 178v:

Born along with another two. tenamaztli. / Three born in this manner. tenamaztin.


tlatlequiquiztlaltentli

From tlequiquiztlāltēma "to charge with powder".

Cargado arcabuz. tlatlequiquiztlaltentli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 44v:


tlequiquiztlaltema

tlequiquiztlalli (“gunpowder”) + tema (“fill”)

Cargar arcabuz. ni,tlequiquiztlaltema. [sic]

(transitive) To charge (a gun) with powder.


cozticteocuitlaoztotl

coztic teōcuitlatl "gold" + ōztōtl "cave"

Minero de oro. cuztic teocuitlaoztotl.cuztic teocuitlaꝗxtiloyan.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 172r:


miccazayolin

head

miccāzāyōlin (animate, plural miccāzāyōlmeh or miccāzāyōltin)

miccāzāyōlin (canonical)
miccāzāyōlmeh (plural)
miccāzāyōltin (plural)

From micqui (“a corpse”) + zāyōlin (“a fly”).

Moſca grande. miccaçayulin.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 176r:

inic mitoa miccaçaioli quil intonal in tomiccaoan

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 5, paragraph 14

It is called miccazayolin because it is said to be the fate of our corpses.

(it is) a large bloodsucking fly known to transmit disease.


tonalmiqui

tonalli (“heat of the sun”) + miqui (“die”)

compound

Abraſarſe del ſol.ni,tonalmiqui.ni,tlemiqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 2v:

Ardor tener por el ſol o trabajo. ni,tonalmiqui,ni,tlemiꝗ

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r:


tlemiqui

Abraſarſe del ſol. nitonalmiqui nitlemiqui.
[...]
Abraſarſe del huego. nitlatla. nitlemiqui.

Ardor tener por el ſol o trabajo. nitonalmiqui, nitlemic

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 23r:

Calor tener. ni totonia, nitlemiqui.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 41v:

(intransitive) To be burned, scorched; to suffer from fire or heat.


xotla

Abraſarſe la tierra de grãcalor.xotla.tlalxotla.tlallixotla.tlalitlatla.


azcapotzalli

head

āzcapōtzalli (inanimate, plural āzcapōtzalli)

āzcapōtzalli (canonical)
āzcapōtzalli (plural)

From āzcatl (“ant”) + *pōtzalli (“mound”).

Hormiguero. azcaxalli.tzicatepetl.azcaputzalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 142r:

An anthill. azcaxalli. tzicatepetl. azcaputzalli.

Hormiguero. azcaxalli. tzicatepetl. azcaputzalli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 72r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 10r. col. 2.


yalhua

Ayer. yalhua.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 12v:


nochtli

Compare Morelos Nahuatl nochtle, Tetelcingo Nahuatl nuchtli̱, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl nochtli.


nacatl

Carne. nacatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 45r:


quiyahuitl

Lluuia. quiauitl. vel,quiyauitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 159v:

Aguacero. quiauitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 6r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 89v. col. 1.

16c: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11r.

ome quia Vitl. which means “two rains” or “two downpours”.

ome quia Vitl q / quiere dezir. dos / llo Vezinas o / a gua çeros.

(it is) the nineteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by the rain god Tlaloc.


chocolanamacac

*chocolatl "chocolate" + -namacac "seller of"

Maria lupez. chocolanamacac.
(María López, chocolate seller.)


tlacaxolotl

/t͡ɬaːkaˈʃóːloːt͡ɬ/


Tamooc

From Huastec Tamuch "near the scorpions" according to Brinton (1886), "but this interpretation seems unlikely" according to Nicholson (1973).

tamuoc . pŭ

nican hualtequitia … tamaoc

(Those who paid tribute here [i.e., to Tetzcoco?]: … Tamaoc)

Auh yn iquac yn oyuh onmic yn moteucçoma yc ontlatocat yn Axayacatzin … auh yehuatl quinpeuh … tochpan [=] tenexticpac = tapatel = tamomox ·
(And when Moteuczoma died, Axayacatzin became ruler. … And he conquered … Tochpan, Tenexticpac, Tapatel, Tamomox.)

auh in itepehual izquicanin in axayacatzin … Tenexticpac, Tochpan, Tampatel, Quauhtlan, Tamooc ·
(Now, all the places of Axayacatzin's conquests: … Tenexticpac, Tochpan, Tampatel, Cuauhtlan, Tamooc.)

17C, Legend of the Suns, 84:50–51, 121:4–5

A place conquered during the rule of Axayacatl.


teuctlacoçauhqui

Alternative spelling of teuctlacozauhqui


capatli

auh yz catqui yn intetlapallohuaya xpianotin yehuatl yn yn quimacaco moteucçomatzin … ontetl capatli = çentetl tliltic = çentetl chichiltic

(And here are the greeting gifts the Christians presented to Moteuczomatzin: … two capes, one black, one red)


teotetl

Azauache. teutetl.
(jet. teutetl.)

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 30r:

teotetl. azauache.
(teotetl. jet.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 101r. col. 2:


teohcalli

teohcalli inan (teohcalli plural, teohcalli)

From a glottalized form of teōtl (“God”) + calli (“a house; building”).

compound

Ygleſia.lo meſmo vel,teopã.teopantli.teocalli.teopancalli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 146v:

A church building. the same as teopã.teopantli.teocalli.teopancalli.

ibid., f. 233r.
Templo. teucalli teupantli
A temple. teoualli. teupantli

(colonial, Catholicism) (it is) a church; a church house.


maquauhtopilli

auh yn ipillohuan yn ytiacahuan çeçeyaca yuh mochichihuaya mochintin chichiquiltopilli maquauhtopilli yn quitquitinemia huexotzinca ypã moquixtitinenca

(And as for his nobles and captains, each one was adorned the same way. They all carried harpoon staffs, macana staffs. They looked like Huexotzinca)


tepozmahquahuitl

Alternative spelling of tepozmaccuahuitl


chichiquiltopilli

chichiquilli (“harpoon”) + topilli (“staff”)


tlaquimilolli

From tla- + quimiloa (“to wrap”) + -lli.

ytzpapalotl ynexyo yn mitoaya tlaquimilolli

(the ashes of Itzpapalotl—what was called the bundle)


cacatzac

Negro de guinea. tlilctic. [sic] cacatzac.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 180r:

Auh in manel Cacatzactin, Chinotin noço Iapontin, mochintin amoca huetzca amoca paqui ic amechtlatzohuilia
(And even the Blacks, the Chinese or the Japanese all laugh at you and enjoy your misfortunes with which you are ensnared)

1634, Bartolomé de Alva, Confessionario mayor y menor en lengua mexicana, f. 16v:


aic

Nunca en ningun tiempo. ayc. ayc quemman. aqueman.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 182r:


mictia

From Proto-Nahuan *miktia, from *miki (“to die”) + *-tia (causative).


potoni

Heder. n,ihyaya.ni,potoni.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 138r:


paquiliztli

Alegria. papaquiliztli. paquiliztli. ahauializtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 14v:

paquiliztli. gozo y alegria.
(paquiliztli. joy and happiness.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56v. col. 2:


pahcalli

From pahtli (“medicine”) + calli (“house”).

Botica de medicinas. pacalli.papialoya.panamacoya.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 35v:

An apothecary that sells medicines. pacalli. papialoya. panamacoya.

Botica de medicinas.pacalli. papialoyan. panama- / coyan.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 21r. col. 1:

An apothecary that sells medicines. pacalli. papialoyan. panamcoyan.

Idem, f. 78v. col. 1.

Pacalli. an apothecary, or a store that sells medicines.

A place where medicine is sold, an apothecary or pharmacy.


moztla

Mañana deſspues de oy. muztla. yciuh.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 163v:


paqui

Alegrarſe. ni,papaqui. ni,paqui. ni,ahauia. n,auia.


castillan xochitl

Flor o roſa de caſtilla. caſtillan xuchitl.Roſa.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 125r:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1640–41, Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El animal profeta y dichoso patricida, f. 18r. ca nel àhmo nomàcēhual ȳ nicnotlamachtiz yn tlaçocastillan xōchitl ymahuizxāyacatzin (I am not worthy of enjoying the precious rose that is her splendid face.)


millahcatl

mīllahcatl (canonical)
mīllahcah (plural)

From mīllah (“place of fields”) + -catl (“inhabitant”).

Aldeano. milla.tlacatl.millacatl.

Labrador ruſtico. millacatl.millatlacatl.milpanecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 151v:

1640–41: Bartolomé de Alva (trans.), El animal profeta y dichoso patricida, f. 21r. çan itzotzomà ōhuālyetià yn iuhqui mīhlàcatl (he came dressed just in his rags as though he were a field hand)

De Mīllâ, que significa lugar de sementeras, se forma mīllàcatl, el labrador
(From mīllâ, which means a place with cultivated fields, is formed mīllàcatl, farmer.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 57r:


tototetl

From tōtōtl (“bird”) + tetl (“stone, egg”).

Veuo de paxaro. tototetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 239v:

Nidal,hueuo del nido. tototetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 88v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 115v. col. 1.

Idem, f.151r. col. 1.


cocho

Papagayo aue conocida. cocho.toznene.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 188r:

Cocho. papagayo. / Cochome. papagayos.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r. col. 2:

Amazona albifrons
Amazona albifrons#Translingual


pochtecayotl

Trato de mercaderia. puchtecayotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 237v:

quimiiaoaiotia, quiiacapitzaoa, in puchtecaiotl

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 10, chapter 16

(He takes the top, the lead in merchantry.)


pochtecati

Tratar mercaderia. ni,puchtecati.

(intransitive) To be a merchant; to engage in trade.


quaviztisuchitl

Alternative spelling of cuauhiztexochitl


cuauhiztexochitl

cuāuhiztetl, cuāuhiztitl "eagle's talon" + xōchitl "flower"

QUAUHIZTESUCHITL, QUAVIZTISUCHITL, xivitl, xoxoctic in jatlapal: texoti in jcueponca, coltic: iuhqujn quauhtli izti ic ca

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 10

(QUAUHIZTEXOCHITL, QUAUHIZTIXOCHITL. It is an herb. Its leaves are green; its blossom is blue. It is curved, like an eagle talon.)

17C: Lope de Vega, Bartolomé de Alva (tr.), La madre de la mejor, f. 64v.

(The eagle-talon flower [etc.] spread about bursting into bloom.)


tliltzapotl

Compare Highland Puebla Nahuatl ti̱ltzapot, Morelos Nahuatl tliltzapotl, Northern Puebla Nahuatl tliltzapotl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tliltzapotl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl tliltictzapotl.


toca

(transitive) to bury, to plant something


tepantlahtoani

Abogado.tepantlahtoani.tlatoliquaniani.tlatlatolnamictiani.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 2r:

In itepantlàtocahuan in amo neneuhque-tlaxexeloltin altepeme, motacayotia Estados, Distrito ihuan Territorios ac qui chichihua in Mexica República
Los representantes de los diferentes Estados, del Distrito y Territorios que componen la República de México

1888, Miguel Trinidad Palma, Constitución Federal de los Estados-Unidos Mexicanos, page 6:

Netetlahpaloliztli ca in tepantlahtoani Xose Innacio Dávila Garibi otemotitlanili [...]
Salutación que el licenciado José Ignacio Dávila Garibi dirigió [...]

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1997: Natalio Hernández, in tlahtoli, in ohtli (1998), p. 189.
Tepantlahtoani Rafael Tovar
Lic. Rafael Tovar


cempohualxochitl

→ Spanish: cempasúchil

From cempōhualli (“twenty”) + xōchitl (“flower”). Cognate with Tetelcingo Nahuatl sempoalxuchi̱tl.

Cempoalsuchitl, tzitziqujltic in jxiuhio, matzatzaianquj coztic.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 8

(Cempoalxochitl. Its foliage is jagged; the leaf is serrated. It is yellow.)

Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erecta#Translingual


tlahtocati

16C: Annals of Tecamachalco
Nican micqui ynçe olintzin. incatca cempoualxiuhtica moeyca ỹntlahtocatic yno[zto]ticpac
(At this point Ce Olintzin died, who had ruled Oztoticpac for 23 years.)

nohuian motlàtòcātilia in Totēcuiyo Dios. En todas partes gouierna Nuestro Señor.
(Our Lord God rules everywhere.)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 66v:

1976/77: Martín N. Méndez Huaxcuatitla, Āmatlapohualistli de Don Lázaro Cárdenas http://www.sil.org/~tuggyd/tetel/F001i-Cardenas-nhg.htm nicnequi nitlaānas desde cuac otlajtojcātic Carrānza. (I'd like to start from the administration of Carranza.)


petlazolli

petlatl (“mat”) + -zolli (“old”). Cognate with Tetelcingo Nahuatl petlasoli̱.

petlatl, eſtera: petlaçolli, eſtera, y petate viejo.

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, f. 8r:

Auh injc mjtoa petlaçolli: ipampa in patlachtic, yoan cenca mijec in jma: qujtoa, centzontli: in juhquj petlatl, petlaçolli tẽxitinj, ca cenca mjec in qujqujztiuh, itenpapaçoliuhca: ipan ommota in jma
(And it is called petlaçolli because it is wide and very many are its legs — 400, they say — like a straw mat, one whose edges are frayed; which has many of its rolled edges coming out. They are taken for its legs.)

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 5, paragraph 7


a̱miqui

Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl spelling of amiqui


milcalatl

Rana otra. milcalatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 208r:

MILCALATL: çan no ach iuhquj in tamaçoli, iece çan tepiton, çan qualli injc chachaquachtic: injc mjtoa mjlcalatl, xopitzactic, cujtlapicictic, cujtlatolontic: ixmacuex.

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 4, paragraph 4

(MILCALATL: It is something like the toad, but quite small, of average size. As it is rough, so it is called milcalatl. It is slender-legged; it is very thin [or] very fat. Its eyes are like jewels.)


calatl

Central Nahuatl: calatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: kalatl

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: kalat

Mecayapan Nahuatl: ca̱la̱'

Pipil: kalat

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: kalatl

Compare Mecayapan Nahuatl ca̱la̱' and Central Huasteca Nahuatl kalatl.

red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas)


tonalchichicaquilitl

TONALCHICHICAQUJLITL, in tlalhoacpan, in çaçacatla in quauhtla mochioa, cuetlanextic nexeoac …

16C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 4

(TONALCHICHICAQUILITL: It grows in dry lands, in the grasslands, in the forest. It is a faded ashen color, ashen; [etc.])

A kind of plant, probably Oenothera laciniata.


copichtic

Acucharrada coſa. copichtic.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 245v:


tlalteuhnemitia

tlalli (“earth”) + teuhtli (“dust”) + nemitia (“make live”)

Afligido eſtar de algun dolor o eſcozimiento corporal. nino,tlalteuhnemitia.


tepuztopilhuia

Alancear con lança. nite,ixili.nite,tepuztopilhuia.

(transitive) To lance; pierce with a lance.


ixili

in aqujn ic mjxili ivitzio, aoc vel qujça intlacamo motequj

16C, Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book 11, chapter 7, paragraph 12

(if its spine is thrust in someone’s foot, it can no more come out unless it is cut out)


tlatepuztopilhuilli

tla- (“something”) + tepuztopilhuia (“to lance”) + -lli

Alanceado.tlaxilli.tlatepuztopilhuilli.


tlaxilli

Alanceado.tlaxilli.tlatepuztopilhuilli.


necuatl

From neuctli (“honey, juice”) + ātl (“water”).

Miel de maguey cruda. menecutli. necuxoxouhqui. neq̃tl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 171r:

Uncooked agave honey. menecutli. necuxoxouhqui. neq̃tl.

Miel de maguey cruda. menecutli. necuxoxouhq. / necuatl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 84v. col. 2:

Uncooked agave honey. menecutli. necuxoxouhq. necuatl.

Idem, f. 69r. col. 2.
Nequatl. meloxa, o agua miel.
Nequatl. meloja, or agave honey.

The unfermented, uncooked sap of the agave plant.


tzinquiza

tzīntli (“buttocks”) + quīza (“come out”)


tziucnoliztli

Hipo aſſi. tzicunoliztli. tzitzicunoliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 141r:


teopan

From teōtl (“god”) + -pan (“forming locations, -ium”).

suffix

A temple, a shrine dedicated to any of multiple Aztec deities.

Ygleſia. lo meſmo. vel. teopan.teopantli. / teocalli. teopan calli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 74r. col. 1:

A church. the same, also teopan. teopantli. teocalli. teopan calli.

Idem, f. 101r. col. 1.

(Christianity) A Roman Catholic place of worship; a church.


tonalehecatl

tonalli (“heat of the sun”) + ehecatl (“wind”)

compound

Viento eſtiual. tonalehecatl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 243v:


cuauhchimal

Apparently an apocopic form of cuauhchīmalli (“wooden shield”).

Mona animal conocido. oçumatli.quauhchimal.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 174v:

A female monkey; a known animal. oçumatli. quauhchimal.

A male monkey; a known animal. oquichoçomahtli.quauhchimal.

Idem, f. 175r. Mono animal conocido. oquichoçomahtli.quauhcihmal. [sic]


tzotzopaztli

Compare Mecayapan Nahuatl tzo̱tzopa̱s /tsoːtsopaːs/, Tetelcingo Nahuatl tzutzopöstli /tsutsopɔstlɪ/.


tzompilihui

Romadizarſe. ni,tzompiliui. n,itlatlaci.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 217r:


choca

(intransitive) to bleat (of sheep); to roar, growl (of lions, jaguar, bulls); to cry (of birds)


ilhuitl

Dia de fieſta. ylhuitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 84r:


cactli

çapato. lo miſmo. vel. cactli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 61r:


yztlacatemictli

ytzlaca- (“saliva; falsehood”) + temictli (“dream”)

Sueño vano. çannen temictli.yztlacatemictli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 230r:


temiqui

Soñar. ni,temiqui.nitla,cochitta.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 228v:


cotona

(transitive) to cut something, to break something off. Transitive counterpart of cotoni.


coyonenemi

Andar a gatas. ni,coyonenemi.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 125r:


castillan canauhtli

Pato anade domeſtica. canauhtli. caſtillã canauhtli.patox.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 190v:


canauhconetl

From canauhtli (“duck”) + conētl (“child”).

Anadino. canauhconetl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 18r:

Idem, f. 190v.

A duckling, the offspring of the duck. canauhconetl. canauhconetontli.

Patico hijo del anade. canauhconetl.canauhconetontli.

Anadino. canauhconetl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 10r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 93r. col. 1.

Patico,hijo del ánade. canauhconetl. canauhcone- / tontli.

Idem, f. 12r. col. 2.


mazacocoliztli

From mazātl (“horse”) + cocoliztli (“sickness”).

Muermo de beſtia. maçacocoliztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 177v:

Muermo de beſtia. maçacocoliztli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 87v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 50v. col. 1.
Maçacocoliztli. muermo de beſtia.
Maçacocoliztli. glanders.


patox

From Spanish patos, plural of pato (“duck”). Compare huacax (“cow”), çapatox (“shoe”).


mazacocolizzoh

From mazācocoliztli (“glanders”) + -yoh.

Muermoſolleno de muermo. maçacocolizço.

Muermoſo,lleno de muermo. maçacocolizço.

Idem, f. 50r. col. 1.
Maçacocoliço. el que tiene muermo.
Maçacocoliço. one who is infected with glanders.


tetlatzontequiliani

te- + tlatzontequilia (“to sentence”) + -ni

Iuez ordinario. tetlatzontequiliani.topile.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 144v:


tetlatzontequililiztli

te- + tlatzontequilia (“to sentence”) + -liztli

Iuyzio. tetlatzontequililiztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 145r:


tlatzontequilia

Iuzgar. nite,tlatzontequilia. nite,tlatlalilia.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 145v:

(transitive) To sentence; pass judgement over; judge.


matzotzopaztli

maitl (“hand; arm”) + tzotzopaztli (“weaver's tool”)

Tabla del braço. matzotzopaztli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 231r:


amoxnamacac

amoxtli (“book”) + -namacac (“seller of”)

Librero que vende libros. amoxnamacac.amanamacac.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 155r:


amoxcalli

Equivalent to āmoxtli (“book”) + calli (“house, building”).

Libreria. amoxcalli.amacalli.amoxpialoyã.amoxtlatiloyã.amoxtlacentecoyan.

Amoxcalli. libreria, o tienda de papel.
(Amoxcalli. library, or a paper store.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5v. col. 2:


chimalchiuhqui

chimalli (“shield”) + chihua (“to make”) + -qui

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario enla lengua Castellana y Mexicana, f. 113r
Eſcudero que haze eſcudos. chimalchiuhqui.


maca

From Proto-Nahuan *maka, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *makaC.


cah

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *katïC (“sit”).


macuilli

Some suggest a compound of māitl (“arm, hand”) + the patientive of cui (“to take, hold”), thus “what is held in one arm or hand; five”, and implying a semantic relation or contrast with mahtlāctli (“ten”), based on mah- (“arm, hand”) + tlāctli (“trunk”), thus “both arms; ten”. Compare Pipil makwil (“five”).

5 cinco.macuilli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 250r:

5 Cinco . macuilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 119r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 51r. col. 2.


nahui

4 quatro.naui.

4 Quatro . naui.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 118v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 64r. col. 1.


eyi

From Proto-Nahuan *eːyɨ, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pahi. Compare Pipil yey.

3 tres.yei.

3 Tres . yey.

Idem, f. 28r. col. 2.
¶Ey . tres.
¶Ey. three.

Idem, f. 35r. col. 1.


ome

2 dos.ome.

2 Dos . ome.

Idem, f. 76r. col. 2.
Ome . dos.
Ome. two.


tayo

(figurative) first-person plural inalienable possessive singular of ātl; (it is) our liquid; our blood; sperm.


inan

third-person singular possessive of nāntli; his, her or its mother.


Batavia

Netherlands (a historical kingdom in Western Europe)


pilpil

From pilli (“child”) + -pīl. Molina attests the plural form pīpilpipīl, from which the singular form can be deduced. Sahagún attests the singular form with the meaning (“five or six year-old child”). The plural form, as described by Carochi, is notable for its mirrored relative vowel length, resulting from the reduplication of both the stem pilli (“child”) (plural pīpiltin) and the diminutive postposition -pil, which undergoes short-vowel reduplication when pluralized (-pipīl).

Pipilpipil.muchachuelos.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 82r. col. 2:

Pipilpipil.youngsters [boys or young men].


nemini

Nemini. el que biue o mora en algun lugar.
(Nemini. the one who lives or dwells in a certain place.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 67v. col. 1:


-eh

(added to nouns) possessor, owner; indicates a noun that possesses the root noun, either as property or as an attribute.


discipulo

(Christianity) (he is) a disciple; one of the Twelve Disciples.


inon

head

inon (demonstrative, plural inonqueh on)


capolin

→ Spanish: capulín

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:


nequi

(transitive) to want something, to desire


poloni

(intransitive) To mumble, stutter, stammer


calmecac

From calmecatl (“house of the lineage”) + -c (locative suffix).


emolli

From etl (“bean”) + mōlli (“stew, broth”).

Emulli . guiſado de friſoles, o de hauas.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 29r. col. 1:


christiano

head

christiano (animate, plural christianomeh or christianosmeh)

christianomeh (plural)
christianosmeh (plural)

From 16th-century Spanish christiano, from Latin christiānus, from Ancient Greek.

Criſtiano. lo meſmo.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 58r:

Christiano. lo miſmo. vel. itetzinco poui yn totecuiyo Ieſu chriſto.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 32r. col. 1:

A christian. the same, or. itetzinco poui yn totecuiyo Ieſu chriſto.


confites

From Spanish confites, plural of confite (“candy, sweetmeat”), ultimately from Latin cōnfectus (“made, produced”).

Confites. lo miſmo. vel. necuizquitl.


-h

Used to form the plural of absolutive noun forms.


-h

titītza (“to stretch something”) → quititītzah (“They stretch it”)

itta (“to see something”) → quittah (“They see it”)

tolīnia (“to bother someone, to make suffer”) → ammotolīniah (“You (plrl.) suffer, You are bothered”)

titītza (“to stretch something”) → motitītzah (“They stretch (themselves)”)

itta (“to see something”) → tiquittah (“We see it”)

pāca (“to wash something”) → tlapācah (“They wash something, they wash things”)

Forms the plural of verbs. Only used for animate subjects.


nauh

first-person singular possessive singular of ātl; (it is) my water.


acaxitl

From ātl (“water”) + caxitl (“cup, bowl”).


molcaxitl

Spanish: molcajete

From mōlli (“sauce, broth”) + caxitl (“bowl, cup”).


michacaxitl

From michin (“fish”) + ācaxitl (“pool, pond”).

Michacaxitl. eſtanque de peces.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 56r. col. 1:

(it is) a pond or pool contaning fish; a fishpond.


chilmolcaxitl

From chīlmōlli (“sauce, stew with chili”) + caxitl (“bowl, basin”).

Chilmulcaxitl. eſcudilla de guiſado, o potaje de / chilli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 21r. col. 1:

Chilmulcaxitl. a bowl for stew, or potage containing chili.

A stew pot, a container for serving stew.


tizatl

→ Spanish: tiza, tizate

→ Asturian: tiza

→ Tagalog: tisa

tizatl. cierto barniz, o tierra blanca.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana (in Spanish), page 113r. col. 1:

tizatl. a certain varnish, or white earth.

Yxaval tiçatl.

c. 1558-1561, Bernardino de Sahagún, editor, Primeros Memoriales, page 103:


tzontli

tzontli. cabello o pelo.
(tzontli. a hair or head of hair.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 153v. col. 2:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

c1558-1561: Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros memoriales, 255. totzon titlaveyaquila. (our hair: we grow it long)


xuchichinancalli

Alternative spelling of xochichinancalli


xochichinancalli

From xōchitl (“flower”) + chināncalli (“fenced enclosure”).

xuchichinancalli. jardin.
(xuchichinancalli. garden.)

1571, Bernardino de Sahagún, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 160r. col. 2:


techinamitl

From tetl "stone" + chināmitl "cane fence".

techinamitl. cerco, o muro de ciudad.
(chinamitl. a fence, or a city wall)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 92v. col. 1:


chinamitl

Spanish: chinampa

chinamitl. seto o cerca de cañas.
(chinamitl. a hedge or fence of canes.)

An area so enclosed, or the canes or cornstalks themselves.

An urban division, the subunit of an altepetl.


tlacochinamitl

From tlacōtl "stick" + chināmitl "cane fence".

tlacochinamitl. cerco, o seto de xaras, o de cosa semejante, o xara para hazer seto.
(tlacochinamitl. a fence, or a fence of sticks or something similar, or a stick to make fences)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 118r. col. 2:


chinancalli

From chināmitl (“cane fence”) + calli (“structure, house”).

Chinancalli.cercado de ſeto.

A house or enclosure fashioned from cane or hedge.


xicamatl

Spanish: jícama

xicamatl. cierta rayz que se come cruda y es muy dulce.
(xicamatl. a certain root that is eaten raw and is very sweet.)

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 159r. col. 1:


huitz

Cuix huitze in cocoyo?

Mexico in cihuatl huitz.


ehua

Cuix tehua?


cihua

Cuix quicuiloa pilli in cihua?


teci

teci. ni. (pret. onitez.) moler mayz, o cosa semejante en piedra.
(teci. to grind maize or something similar on a stone.)


xictli

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *siku.

xictli. ombligo, o bruxula para tirar derecho.
xictli. navel; or peephole.


zacatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: sakatl

Central Nahuatl: zacatl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: zacatl

→ Spanish: zacate

→ Cebuano: sakati

→ English: zacate

→ Cebuano: sakate

Dry weeds or grass, especially when used as fodder; hay.


metl

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan. Cognate with Huichol mái (“agave”).


ahuacatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: auakatl

Central Nahuatl: ahuacatli

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: awakat

Orizaba Nahuatl: awakatl

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: auakatl

→ Basque: ahuakate

→ Catalan: alvocat

→ French: avocat

→ Portuguese: abacate (see there for further descendants)

→ English: abacate

→ Spanish: aguacate (see there for further descendants)

→ English: avocado

→ Asturian: aguacate

→ Galician: aguacate

→ Yaqui: awakáate


macpalxochitl

Literally "palm (of the hand) flower(s)".

a tree of species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon