semana

Borrowed from Spanish semana, from Late Latin septimana.

17C: Bernardino de Sahagún, Chimalpahin, Exercicio quotidiano, f. 1r.

(divided into each of the days with which a week is completed.)

tlaxexelolli yn ipan cecemilhuitl ynic ontlanj. ce semana.


calli

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: kali

Central Nahuatl: calli

From Proto-Nahuan [Term?], from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kaliR.

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.
chico açe cale / q̃ quiere dezir / seis casas.
chico açe cale. [sic] which means “six houses”.

(it is) the third day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, a stylized one-room house


itzcuintli

Central Nahuatl: izcuintli, itzkuintli

Highland Puebla Nahuatl: itskuinti

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: itskuintli

Spanish: escuincle

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.
ma tlac tli Vn ey / iz cuintlj. q quiere / dezir. treze perrillos.
ma tlac tli Vn ey iz cuintlj. which means “thirteen small dogs”.

the tenth day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli, corresponding to this animal


tochtli

Central Nahuatl: tochtli

Morelos Nahuatl: tochtle

Pipil: tuchti

Andrews suggests a connection with totoca (“to run fast”).

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r.
matla tli uçe toch / tli q quire dezir / onze conejos.
matla tli uçe tochtli. which means “eleven rabbits”.

The eighth day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli, represented conceptually by this animal.


cipactli

16th c.: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11r.
nau ci pac tl. qúe / es. Vna cosa biba / q anda en agu / como. ser pezilla.

nau cipactl. [sic] which is a living, aquatic snakelike creature”.

(it is) the first of the twenty day signs of the tōnalpōhualli; the disembodied head of this mythical animal.


ehecatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: ajakatl

desc

Central Nahuatl: ehcatl, ehkatl, yecatl, yehyekatl, ejekatl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: ahakatl

Guerrero Nahuatl: ajakatl

Orizaba Nahuatl: ehkatl

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: ejekatl

Pipil: ejekatl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: ajakatl

A frequentative reduplication of ehcatl (“wind”).

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.

Macuili ecatl. [sic] which means “five winds”.

The second day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli.


cozcacuauhtli

Equivalent to cōzcatl (“rounded jewel, necklace bead”) + cuāuhtli (“eagle”).

compound

Aguila de cabeça bermeja.cozca quauhtli.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 11r:

Aguila de cabeça bermeja. cozcaquauhtli.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 6v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 27v. col. 2.

Cuzcaquauhtli. aguila de cabeça bermeja.

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.
chi coaçe cuz / ca. coatl. q̃ qui / ere dezir seis a / guilas amarillas.
chi coaçe cuzca. coatl. [sic] which means “six yellow eagles”.

the sixteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by this animal.


cuauhtli

cuāuhtli (animate canonical)
cuācuāuhtin (plural)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: koajtli

Central Nahuatl: cuahuitl

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.

macuil coautlj. which means “five eagles”.

macuil coautlj / q quiere dezir / çinco aguilas.

The fifteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by this animal.


acatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: akatl

Central Nahuatl: acatl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: akatl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: akatl

From Proto-Nahuan *aakatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *paka-ta.

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.

The thirteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli.


atl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: atl

Central Nahuatl: atl

Coatepec Nahuatl: a

Eastern Durango Nahuatl: at

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: atl

Guerrero Nahuatl: atl

Huaxcaleca Nahuatl: atl

Mecayapan Nahuatl: a̱ꞌ

Michoacán Nahuatl: al

Morelos Nahuatl: atl

Northern Puebla Nahuatl: atl

Orizaba Nahuatl: atl

Pipil: at

Temascaltepec Nahuatl: atl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: ötl

Tlamacazapa Nahuatl: atl

Western Durango Nahuatl: át

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: atl

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: atl

From Proto-Nahuan *aatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r.
matlatli ho̊me / athl. q̃ quiere / dezir doçe aguas.
matlatli ho̊me / athl. that is, twelve waters.

(it is) the ninth of the twenty day signs of the tonalpohualli; a stream of water


miquiztli

An elision of miquiliztli, from miqui (“to die”).

chicunauj. miquiztlj. which means “nine death”. they say that for one to be born on this day is a sign that he will die later.

16th c.: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r. chicunauj. mi quiz tlj / q̇ quiere dezir nueve / ṁuertos. el qúe na / ce en eſte dia es señal / ėntre ellos q̇ a de morir / luego. […]

(it is) the sixth of the twenty day signs of the tōnalpōhualli; a flaking death's head.


mazatl

mazātl (animate canonical)
mamazah (plural)
mazameh (plural)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: masatl

Central Nahuatl: mazatl, masatl

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: masatl

Western Huasteca Nahuatl: masatl

Tetelcingo Nahuatl: masötl

Pipil: masat

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12r.
ma tlactl.maça / tli. [sic] qúe qujere / dezir. diez çier / uos. obeſtias.
ma tlactl. maçatli. [sic] which means “ten deer” or “ten beasts”.

The seventh day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli, a deer's head.


xochitl

Central Nahuatl: xochitl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: xochitl

Coatepec Nahuatl: xuchil

Michoacán Nahuatl: xochil

Pipil: shuchit


ozomahtli

16C, Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.
çe Vçumatli / q̃ quiere. dezir / Vna mona.
çe Vçumatli. which means “one monkey”.

(it is) the eleventh day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, corresponding to this animal.


tecpatl

Equivalent to tetl "stone" + *icpatl "top" (compare icpactli "top", icpalli "high-backed seat") according to Andrews (2003).

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, represented by a stylized flint knife.
çe tec patl. ques vna piedra. de pedernal a figura de hierro cõ que ellos sacrificauã

ce tecpatl'. that is to say, a piece of flint shaped like a knife which they used in sacrifice.

(it is) the eighteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented by a stylized, red and white lanceolate flint knife.


coatl

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: koatl

Central Nahuatl: coatl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: couatl

Mecayapan Nahuatl: cua̱tej

Morelos Nahuatl: kouatl

Orizaba Nahuatl: kowatl

Pipil: coat

→ Spanish: cuate

→ English: couatl

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.

chicuei coatl. which means “eight snakes”.

chicuei coatl q̇ / quiere dezir ocho / culebras.

(it is) the fifth day sign of the Aztec tonalpohualli; represented by a stylized snake glyph.


xopantlah

intlā āxcān xōpantlà ticecmiqui, quēn ocyè, vel quēnçan yè ticecmiquiz izcéhuetzilizpan? si aora en verano tienes frio, quãto mas le tẽdras en tiẽpo de frios, y yelos?
(If you are cold now in summer, how much colder will you be in the time of cold and ice?)

1645, Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della:


ocelotl

head

ocelotl anim (plural ooceloh or ocelomeh)

Central Huasteca Nahuatl: oselotl

Central Nahuatl: ocelotl

Central Puebla Nahuatl: ocelotl

Pipil: uselut

→ Spanish: ocelote

→ Lithuanian: ocelotas

→ French: ocelot

→ Dutch: ocelot

→ English: ocelot

→ German: Ozelot

→ Italian: ocelot

→ Polish: ocelot

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, f. 13r.
naVi oçelotl. q qujere dezir quatro tigres.
navi oçelotl. that is to say, four tigers.

(it is) the fourteenth of the twenty day signs of the tonalpohualli; a jaguar or disembodied jaguar's head.


nappa

Quatro vezes . nappa.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 120v. col. 1:


cuetzpalin

16C: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11v.
chicume cuez / palj. q quiere / dezir siete lagar / tijas.
chicume cuez palj. [sic] which means “seven lizards”.

The fourth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, corresponding to this animal.


quiyahuitl

16c: Codex Magliabechiano, f. 11r.

ome quia Vitl. which means “two rains” or “two downpours”.

ome quia Vitl q / quiere dezir. dos / llo Vezinas o / a gua çeros.

(it is) the nineteenth day sign of the Aztec tōnalpōhualli, represented conceptually by the rain god Tlaloc.


tonalpohualli

From tonalli (“day”) + pohualli (“count”), literally (“count of the days”).

A sacred calendrical period used by the Aztecs. It was composed of 20 trecenas adding up to 260 days.


tonalco

From tōnalli (“heat of the sun, day”) + -co.

Eſtio parte del año. tonalla.tonalco.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 199r:

The dry season; a time of year. tonalla. tonalco.

Idem, f. 150v.

Eſtio parte del año. tonalla.tonalco

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 61r. col. 1:

Idem, f. 75v. col. 2.

Idem, f. 61r. col. 2.

Tonalco. the dry season; a time of year in which it does not rain.

Tonalco.eſtio parte del año.ſ.el tiempo que no llu / eue.

winter; the dry season, a time in which it does not rain.


tonallan

From tōnalli (“heat of the sun, day”) + -tlān (“place”).

suffix

Eſtio parte del año. tonalla.tonalco.

Eſtio parte del año. tonalla.tonalco

Idem, f. 61r. col. 2.

Tonalla. the dry season, when it does not rain.

Tonalla.eſtio tiempo ſeco,quando no llueue.


ceppa

From cē (“one”) (combing form cem-) + -pa.

¶Vnavez. ceppa.


ihciuh

A metonymic extension of ihciuh, preterite of ihcihui (“to hurry, hasten”).

Mañana deſpues de oy. muztla.yciuh.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 163v:

Tomorrow, that is, after today. muztla. yciuh.

Mañana deſpues de oy.muztla.yciuh.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 81v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 32v. col. 2.


eyilhuitl

Eilhuitl. tres dias.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 28r. col. 2:


omilhuitl

Omilhuitl . dos dias.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76v. col. 1:


nahuilhuitl

From nāhui (“four”) + ilhuitl (“day, days”).

Cuatro dias tiempo. nauh ylhuitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 59r:

Nauilhuitl. quatro dias.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 64r. col. 1:


ic omilhuitl semana

From ic ōme (“second”) + ilhuitl (“day”) + semana (“week”).

compound

Lunes dia ſegundo dela ſemana. lo meſmo. vel,yc omilhuitl ſema- / na.tlaomilhuiti.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 157v:

Monday, the second day of the week. the same. or yc omilhuitl ſemana. tlaomilhuiti.

Lunes dia ſegundo dela ſemana.lo miſmo.vel,yc o / milhuitl ſemana. tlaomilhuiti.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 79r. col. 1:


ic eyilhuitl semana

From ic ēyi (“third”) + ilhuitl (“day”) + semana (“week”).

Martes dia dela ſemana. lo meſmo. velyc eyluitl ſe / mana.

Tuesday, the third day of the week. the same. or yc eyluitl ſemana.


ic nahuilhuitl semana

From ic nāhui (“fourth”) + ilhuitl (“day”) + semana (“week”).

Miercoles,dia dela ſemana. lo meſmo. vel. ycnauil / huitl ſemana.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 85r. col. 1:

Wednesday, the day of the week. the same, or ycnauilhuitl ſemana.


chicueyilhuitl

From chicuēyi (“eight”) + ilhuitl (“days”).

Chicueilhuitl. ocho dias,o vna ſemana.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 20v. col. 1:


nauhxihuitl

Cuatro años. nauh xiuitl.


chicuexpa

Ochovezes. chicuexpa.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 120r. col. 1:


chiucnappa

Nueuevezes. chicunappa.


chicuaceppa

Seisvezes.chiquaceppa.

Idem, f. 21r. col. 2.


mahtlacpa

Diezvezes.matlacpa.

Idem, f. 53r. col. 1.


cempohualpa

Veyntevezes. cempoualpa.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 120v. col. 2:

Idem, f. 16v. col. 2.


caxtolpa

Quinzevezes. caxtulpa.

Idem, f. 13r. col. 2.


cempohualpa ommahtlacpa

From cempōhualpa (“twenty times”) + om- + mahtlācpa (“ten times”).

Treintavezes. cempoalpa ommatlacpa.

Idem, f. 16v. col. 2.
Cempoalpa ommatlactla. treynta vezes.
Cempoalpa ommatlactla. thirty times.


ompohualpa

Quarentavezes. ompoualpa.

Idem, f. 77r. col. 1.


macuilpa

Cinco vezes.macuilpa.

Idem, f. 51r. col. 2.


onxihuitl

Dos años.vnxiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 47v. col. 1:

Idem, f. 158r. col. 2.


cempohualilhuitl

From cempōhualli (“twenty”) + ilhuitl (“day”).

Cempoal ilhuitl . veynte dias.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 16v. col. 1:


cempohualxihuitl

From cempōhualli (“twenty”) + xihuitl (“year”).

Veinte años tiempo.cempoalxiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 116r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 16v. col. 2.


ompohualilhuitl

From ōmpōhualli (“forty”) + ilhuitl (“day”).

Ompoalilhuitl . quarenta dias.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 76v. col. 2:


aocmo hueyi tlahcahtli

From aocmo (“not yet”) + huēyi (“large”) + tlahcahtli (“day”).

Dia pequeño. aocmo uey tlacatli. aocmo uey cemilhuitl.a- / ocmo uey tonatiuh.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 84r:

Daybreak. aocmo uey tlacatli. aocmo uey cemilhuitl. aocmo uey tonatiuh.


aocmo hueyi tonatiuh

From aocmo (“not yet”) + huēyi (“large”) + tōnatiuh (“sun”).


malinalli

16th c., Codex Magliabechiano, f. 12v.
Vme maljnalj / q quiere dezir dos / yeruas deſte / nonbre por q tor / çer quiere dezir / maljnale

Vme maljnalj. which means “two weeds of this name”, because maljnale is also to say “to twist”.

(it is) the twelfth of the twenty day signs of the tōnalpōhualli; a bundle of grass growing from a human jaw


chicoxxihuitl

From chicōme (“seven”) + xihuitl (“year”).

Siete años, tiempo chicoxxiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 109r. col. 2:

Idem, f. 20r. col. 2.


ilhuitlapohualamoxtli

From ilhuitl (“day”) + tlapōhualli (“enumeration”) + āmoxtli (“book”).

Calendario. ylhui tlapoal amuxtli.ſanctome ic yn- / tonal moquetza.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 23r. col. 2:

A calendar. ylhui tlapoal amuxtli. ſanctome ic yntonal moquetza.

Idem, f. 37v. col. 1.
Ilhuitlapoal amoxtli. calendario.
Ilhuitlapoal amoxtli. a calendar.


metztli mayo

From mētztli (“month”) + Spanish mayo (“May”). Calque of Spanish mes de mayo (“the month of May”).

calque

Mayo mes quinto.lo meſmo. vel,metztli mayo. yc macuilli metztli yncexiuitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 161r:

May, the fifth month. the same, or metztli mayo. yc macuilli metztli yncexiuitl.

Mayo,mes quinto. lo meſmo. vel. metztli mayo. ycmacuilli metztli yncexiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 80v. col. 1:

May, the fifth month. the same, or metztli mayo. ycmacuilli metztli yncexiuitl.

Idem, f. 55v. col. 1.

Metztli mayo. the month of May; and likewise for the others.

Metztli mayo. el mes de mayo. Et ſic de alijs.


cexihuitl

A reduction of *cexxihuitl, from cen (“one”) + xihuitl (“year”).


ic macuilli metztli in cexihuitl

head

ic mācuīlli mētztli in cexihuitl (inanimate)

ic mācuīlli mētztli in cexihuitl (canonical)

A descriptive translation of Spanish mayo (“May”), from ic mācuīlli (“fifth”) + mētztli (“month”) + in cexihuitl (“the calendar year”).


ic ce metztli in cexihuitl

A descriptive neologism to translate Spanish enero (“January”). From ic ce (“first”) + mētztli (“month”) + in cexihuitl (“the calendar year”).

Enero lo meſmo. vel,yc ce metztli,yn cexiuitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 101v:

Juanary. the same, or yc ce metztli yn cexiuitl.

Enero. lo meſmo. vel. ycce metztli,ynce xiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 53r. col. 2:

January. the same, or ycce metztli ynce xiuitl.


ic eyi metztli in cexihuitl

A descriptive neologism to translate Spanish marzo (“March”). From ic ēyi (“third”) + mētztli (“month”) + in cexihuitl (“the calendar year”).

Março mes tercero. metztli março. vel, yc yei- / metztli yn cexiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 82r. col. 2:

March, the third month. metztli março, but also yc yei metztli yn cexiuitl.


ic chicueyi metztli in cexihuitl

ic chicuēyi mētztli in cexihuitl (inanimate)

ic chicuēyi mētztli in cexihuitl (canonical)

A descriptive neologism to translate Spanish agosto (“August”). From ic chicuēyi (“eighth”) + mētztli (“month”) + in cexihuitl (“the calendar year”).

Agoſto mes.lo meſmo.uel yc chicuei metztli ycexiuitl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 10r:

August, the month. the same, or yc chicuei metztli ycexiuitl.

Agoſto mes. yc chicuei metztli ycexiuitl.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 5v. col. 2:

August, the month. yc chicuei metztli ycexiuitl.


atonalmachiyotl

From ātl (“water”) + tōnalli (“day”) + machiyōtl (“model, representation”).

compound

Relox de agua. atonalittaloni. atonalmachiotl.

1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 212r:

A water clock. atonalittaloni. atonalmachiotl.

Atonalittaloni. relox de agua. / Atonalmachiotl.idem.

1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 9r. col. 1:

Atonalittaloni. a water clock. / Atonalmachiotl. the same.


atonalittaloni

From ātl (“water”) + tōnalli (“day”) + ittalōni (“something seen; something visible”).

Relox de agua. atonalittaloni'. atonalmachiotl.

Atonalittaloni. relox de agua.