i

i (first-person singular)
biar (first-person plural)
du (second-person singular)
iar (plural second-person)
er (singular third-person)
si (singular third-person)
'z (singular third-person)
se (plural third-person)

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognate with German ich, English I.

I hån an pruadar un a sbestar.


is

(Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)


ba

From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.

Ba khalt!

(Sette Comuni, attributive only) how (modifier used to express surprise, delight, etc.)


ber

Inherited from Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist.


er

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.


du

ich (first-person nominative singular)
mich (accusative first-person singular)
miar (dative first-person singular)
du (familiar nominative second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar second-person singular)
diar (dative familiar second-person singular)
iart (nominative polite second-person singular)
ach (accusative polite second-person singular)
òich (dative polite second-person singular)
èar (masculine nominative singular third-person)
ar (masculine nominative singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine singular third-person)
iime (dative masculine singular third-person)
zi (accusative feminine nominative singular third-person)
ze (accusative feminine nominative singular third-person)
iar (dative feminine singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative singular third-person)
is (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter singular third-person)
iime (dative neuter singular third-person)
bar (first-person nominative plural)
bandare (first-person nominative plural)
zich (accusative first-person plural)
izàndarn (dative first-person plural)
iart (nominative plural second-person)
iartàndare (nominative plural second-person)
artàndare (nominative plural second-person)
òich (accusative plural second-person)
ach (accusative plural second-person)
ogàndarn (dative plural second-person)
ze (nominative plural third-person)
zòi (nominative plural third-person)
zandare (nominative plural third-person)
zich (accusative plural third-person)
innàndarn (dative plural third-person)
i (first-person singular)
biar (first-person plural)
du (second-person singular)
iar (plural second-person)
er (singular third-person)
si (singular third-person)
'z (singular third-person)
se (plural third-person)

From Middle High German du, from Old High German dū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū. Cognate with German du, archaic English thou (modern dialectal tha).

(Luserna, Sette Comuni) you (thou, singular familiar)


ich

ich (first-person nominative singular)
mich (accusative first-person singular)
miar (dative first-person singular)
du (familiar nominative second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar second-person singular)
diar (dative familiar second-person singular)
iart (nominative polite second-person singular)
ach (accusative polite second-person singular)
òich (dative polite second-person singular)
èar (masculine nominative singular third-person)
ar (masculine nominative singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine singular third-person)
iime (dative masculine singular third-person)
zi (accusative feminine nominative singular third-person)
ze (accusative feminine nominative singular third-person)
iar (dative feminine singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative singular third-person)
is (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter singular third-person)
iime (dative neuter singular third-person)
bar (first-person nominative plural)
bandare (first-person nominative plural)
zich (accusative first-person plural)
izàndarn (dative first-person plural)
iart (nominative plural second-person)
iartàndare (nominative plural second-person)
artàndare (nominative plural second-person)
òich (accusative plural second-person)
ach (accusative plural second-person)
ogàndarn (dative plural second-person)
ze (nominative plural third-person)
zòi (nominative plural third-person)
zandare (nominative plural third-person)
zich (accusative plural third-person)
innàndarn (dative plural third-person)

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.


si

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.


se

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.


es

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.


bar

From Middle High German wir, from Old High German wir, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz.

Bar zeinan bèllase.

Bar zeinda.

Bar habanze galummet.


ma

An unstressed pronunciation of månn (“man”).


moi

From Middle High German mīn, form Old High German mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”). Cognate with German mein, English mine.

Moi pruadar Sèpp hatt 9 djar.


baz

From Middle High German waz, from Old High German waz, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, nominative and accusative singular neuter of *hwaz. Cognate with German was, English what.

Baz èzzpar haüt?

Dar hatt nia gebizzt baz zo tüana.


's

definite article
definite article#English

(Sette Comuni) the; definite article for two declensions:


bas

Bas hasto khöt?

Bas khösto?

(Sette Comuni, interrogative) what, which


soi

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his, hers, its, their own”). Cognate with German sein.


doi

From Middle High German dīn, form Old High German dīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz (“thy, thine”). Cognate with German dein, English thine.


zich

From Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek, cognate with German sich.

Third-person reflexive pronoun: herself, himself, itself, themselves


grüssen

Metten grüssen böosartzich net.


zi

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij, Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si).


iar

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with German ihr, English ye.


disa

From Old High German dese, from Proto-Germanic *þes-, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *sa (“that”). Cognate with German diese, English these.

Disa iz moi famildja.


aissokkel

aissokkel (definite nominative plural)
aissokkel (accusative definite plural)
aissokeln (dative definite plural)

Amme bintare zéghetzigaze aissokkel och untar de triilpèertar bon mannen.

In winter icicles are also seen in men's mustaches.


èar

Èar billar bóol un zii mannen net gazégan.


baiglen

De baiglen büurtent benne dar mann ist halbar trunkhan.


bandare

Reduced form of bar (“we”) + andare (“other”); a calque of Venetan noàltri; compare also Italian noialtri, Spanish nosotros, French nous autres.

Bandare béllan bóol in khindarn.

Bandare zeinan net zandare.


bèar

From Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

Bèar is khèmmet hòite?

Bèar züuchet, binnet.

as zèa bèar 's bill


bènten

Borrowed from Venetan fénta (“pretence, feint”), ultimately from Latin fingō (“dissemble, deceive”).

Machan bènten goilan.

pretending to cry (literally, “to make pretenses of crying”)


iartàndare

iart (“you”) + andare (“other”); a calque of Venetan voàltri; compare also Italian voialtri, Spanish vosotros, French vous autres.


zòi

(Sette Comuni) Alternative form of ze (“they”)


zandare

Reduced form of ze (“they”) + àndare (“other”); compare bandare.


ôar

ôarn (plural)
ôordar (masculine)
ôara (feminine)
ôares (neuter)
ôare (plural)

From Middle High German iuwer, from Old High German iuwar, from Proto-Germanic *izweraz (“your”). Cognate with German euer, Dutch uw, English your, Icelandic yðar.

'Z ôar haus hat biil dabaite.

D'ôarn züune zèint guute puuben.

Ist an tòchtar dar ôordarn gamèghelt?

Diize khüu zèint d'ôarn.


diizar

diizar (masculine nominative singular)
diiza (feminine nominative singular)
ditzan (neuter nominative singular)
dis (neuter nominative singular)
diize (nominative plural)
diizen (accusative masculine singular)
diiza (accusative feminine singular)
diizen (accusative neuter singular)
diize (accusative plural)
dizame (dative masculine singular)
diizar (dative feminine singular)
dizame (dative neuter singular)
diizen (dative plural)

From Middle High German diser, disiu, diz, from Old High German desēr, disiu, diz, inflected forms of dese, from Proto-Germanic *þes-, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *sa (“that”). Cognate with German dieser, English these.


dèar

dèar (masculine nominative singular)
dòi (feminine nominative singular)
dii (nominative plural)
zòi (nominative plural)
dòi (accusative feminine singular)
dii (accusative plural)
zòi (accusative plural)
dèmme (dative masculine singular)
dèar (dative feminine singular)
dèmme (dative neuter singular)

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther. Cognate with German der, English the. Doublet of dar (definite article).

Dèar hèere ist érmor dan ich.


béeldar

béeldar (masculine nominative singular)
béela (feminine nominative singular)
béels (neuter nominative singular)
béele (nominative plural)
béeln (accusative masculine singular)
béela (accusative feminine singular)
béels (accusative neuter singular)
béele (accusative plural)
béelme (dative masculine singular)
béeldar (dative feminine singular)
béelme (dative neuter singular)
béeln (dative plural)

Béels ist 's dain khint?


òan

head

òan (masculine òondar, feminine òona, neuter òas)

òondar (masculine)
òona (feminine)
òas (neuter)

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”). Cognate with German eins, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains).

òondar ba gòilt

(Sette Comuni) indefinite personal pronoun: one, someone


driimen

driimen (definite nominative plural)
driimen (accusative definite plural)
driimen (dative definite plural)

De driimen zeint ganützet so pintan bonallame.

Leather ties are used to tie everything.


ünsar

From Middle High German unser, from Old High German unsēr, from Proto-West Germanic *unsar, from Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“our”). Cognate with German unser, English our.


'z

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.


biar

From Middle High German wir, from Old High German wir, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz. Cognate with German wir, English we.


gasbìstarde

gasbìstarde (definite nominative plural)
gasbìstarde (accusative definite plural)
gabistarden (dative definite plural)

Doi diirna un dèar puube zèint gasbìstarde.


gaslòttarne òjar

de gaslòttarnen òjar (definite includes-article nominative plural)
de gaslòttarnen òjar (accusative definite includes-article plural)
in gaslòttarnen òjarn (dative definite includes-article plural)
gaslòttarnen òjar (includes-article indefinite nominative plural)
khòone gaslòttarnen òjar (includes-article indefinite nominative plural)
gaslòttarnen òjar (accusative includes-article indefinite plural)
khòone gaslòttarnen òjar (accusative includes-article indefinite plural)
gaslòttarnen òjarn (dative includes-article indefinite plural)
khòonen gaslòttarnen òjarn (dative includes-article indefinite plural)
gaslòttarne òjar (nominative plural without-article)
gaslòttarne òjar (accusative plural without-article)
gaslòttarnen òjarn (dative plural without-article)

Gaslòttarne òjar siighent au.

(Sette Comuni) zabaglione (Italian dessert)


habarn

From Middle High German haber, habere, from Old High German habaro, from Proto-Germanic *habrô (“goat; feed for goats; oat, oats”). Cognate with German Haber, English haver.


hòdarn

Metten hòdarn habar gamacht ströobe bor de khüu.

The heather was used to make bedding for the cows.


zaure kapützen

de zauren kapützen (definite includes-article nominative plural)
de zauren kapützen (accusative definite includes-article plural)
in zauren kapützen (dative definite includes-article plural)
zauren kapützen (includes-article indefinite nominative plural)
khòone zauren kapützen (includes-article indefinite nominative plural)
zauren kapützen (accusative includes-article indefinite plural)
khòone zauren kapützen (accusative includes-article indefinite plural)
zauren kapützen (dative includes-article indefinite plural)
khòonen zauren kapützen (dative includes-article indefinite plural)
zaure kapützen (nominative plural without-article)
zaure kapützen (accusative plural without-article)
zauren kapützen (dative plural without-article)


khòondar

From Middle High German kein. Cognate with German kein, which see for more.