б

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script

The third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


з

The eleventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


к

The fourteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


м

The sixteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


н

The seventeenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


о

The eighteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


п

The nineteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


с

The twenty-first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


а

The first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


в

The fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


г

The fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


д

The sixth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


е

The seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ж

The tenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


и

The twelfth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


й

The thirteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


л

The fifteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


р

The twentieth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


т

The twenty-third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


у

The twenty-fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ф

The twenty-sixth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


х

The twenty-seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ц

The twenty-eighth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ч

The twenty-ninth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ш

The thirtieth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


щ

The thirty-first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ъ

The thirty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ы

The thirty-third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ь

The thirty-fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


э

The thirty-fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ю

The thirty-sixth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


я

The thirty-seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ё

The eighth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ноль

ноль (canonical)
нуль (canonical)
nolʹ (romanization)
nulʹ (romanization)

Borrowed from Russian ноль (nolʹ, “zero”).


А

The first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


Б

The third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


В

The fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


Г

The fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


Уганда

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Меркурий

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Меркурий • (Merk̬urij)


Андорра

Andorra (romanization)
Андоррăн (genitive)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


пут

From Proto-Turkic *bat-. Cognate with Turkish bat-, Kazakh бату (batu), Yakut бат (bat).


Азербайджан

Азербайджан • (Azerbajdžan)

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


патак

патак • (pat̬ak) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural патаксем)

beating (continuous striking of another person or animal)


Братислава

Братислава • (Brat̬islava)

Borrowed from Russian Братисла́ва (Bratisláva), from Slovak Bratislava.

Bratislava (the capital and largest city of Slovakia)


тата

тата • (tat̬a)


хула

хула • (hula) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хуласем)


кур

From Proto-Turkic *köri-, *kör- (“to see, look”).


чей

чей • (čej) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чейсем)

Derived from Turkic (compare Turkish çay), from Chinese 茶 (chá).


тута

тута • (tut̬a) (3rd person possessive тути, plural тутасем)

tut̬a (romanization)
тути (possessive third-person)
тутасем (plural)


ача

ача • (ač̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ачасем)


ак

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ek- (“to sow”). Cognate with Khalaj həkmək, Turkish ekmek, Uzbek ekmoq and Southern Altai экер (eker, “to aim at, curve”).

cog

ыраша пилӗк кунта акса хӑварчӗç

хулара пин тенкӗ акса килчӗ

He squandered a thousand rubles in the city.


-ле

-ле (canonical)
-ла (canonical)
-le (romanization)
-la (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-le- (“denominal verb forming suffix”).

inh+

ҫу (śu, “oil”) + -ле (-le) → ҫула (śula, “to smear oil”)


тар

From Proto-Turkic *teŕ-. Cognate with Azerbaijani təzmək etc.


вил

Inherited from Volga Bulgar وَل (vel, “to die”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *öl-.


шоколад

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шоколад • (šok̬olad) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шоколадсем)

šok̬olad (romanization)
шоколадсем (plural)

Borrowed from Russian шоколад (šokolad, “chocolate”).


юрату

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юрату • (jurat̬u) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юратусем)

jurat̬u (romanization)
юратусем (plural)


чул

From Middle Chuvash *čål, from Old Chuvash *ti̯ål, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”), whence also Khalkha Mongolian чулуу (čuluu). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš), Yakut таас (taas), Turkish taş and Tatar таш (taş).
чул (čul) reading is from the Anatri dialect, while чол (čol) reading is from the Viryal dialect.

чул чӗре

ruthlessness; heart; stone-hearted; ), lit.

cf. чӗре (čĕre


эпир

эпир • (ep̬ir)

ep̬ir (romanization)
эпир (nominative)
пире (accusative dative indefinite)
пирӗн (genitive)
пирӗнпе (instrumental)
пирӗнте (locative)
пирте (locative)
пирӗнтен (ablative)
пиртен (ablative)

cv-decl-pron

пирӗнте, пирте

пирӗнтен, пиртен

From Proto-Turkic *biŕ. Cognates include Turkish biz and Bashkir беҙ (beź).


эпӗ сана юрататӑп

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эпĕ сана юрататăп

эпĕ сана юрататăп • (epĕ sana jurat̬atăp)

эпĕ сана юрататăп (canonical)
epĕ sana jurat̬atăp (romanization)


ӗҫле

ӗҫле • (ĕśle)

From *īš-le-, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”), whence ӗҫ (ĕś, “work”). Cognate with Turkish işle-, Azerbaijani işlə-, Kazakh істеу (ısteu), etc.


Эстони

Estoni (romanization)
Эстонин (genitive)

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


пар

From Proto-Turkic *bēr- (“to give”, stem). Cognate with Tatar бир- (bir-), Bashkir бир- (bir-); Turkish ver-; Yakut биэр (bier); etc.


пар

From either Proto-Turkic *bẹńŕ (“swelling, scar, ulcer”) or *ber (“gland”).
Cognate with Turkish bez (“gland”),
Azerbaijani vəzi (“gland”),
Kazakh без (bez, “gland”),
Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”),
Southern Altai бес (bes, “gland”),
Uzbek bez (“gland”),
Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”),
Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”), etc.


тестостерон

From Russian тестостеро́н (tɛstostɛrón).

bor

тестостеро́н

cv:тестостерон


урам

From a Kipchak Turkic language, compare Tatar урам (uram).


ял

→ Eastern Mari: ял (jal)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgïl.
Cognate with
Kazakh ауыл (auyl),
Karakalpak аўыл (awıl),
Karachay-Balkar ауул (awul),
Tatar авыл (awıl), Kyrgyz айыл (ayıl),
Khakas, Shor аал (aal) and Turkish ağıl, etc.


ял

From Volga Bulgar يال (yēl), Proto-Turkic *ēl.


тир

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тир • (tir) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тирсем)


пир

Ultimately derived from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /böz/), Southern Altai бӧс (bös, “fabric, cloth”), Karakhanid بُوزْ (bȫz), Chagatai بوز (böz), Uyghur بۆز (böz), Turkish bez, Turkmen biz.
The doublet пӳс (püs) (“calico”) has the same origin, but it was borrowed into Chuvash either from Crimean Tatar böz or from Bashkir бөз (böz).


пус

From Persian پوست (“skin, hide, pelt”). Compare Turkish post.


пус

From Proto-Turkic *bas-. Cognate with Turkish bas-, Kazakh басу (basu), Yakut баттаа (battaa), etc.

to incubate, to hatch (an egg) (of birds)

мана ыйхă пусать

(impersonal, figurative) to overcome, to overpower

to dig, to dig up, to loosen up (the soil)


авари

ҫул ҫинчи авари


Эрмени

Ermeni (romanization)
Эрменин (genitive)

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


кекс

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кекс • (keks) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кекссем)


кут

(geography) foot (of a mountain or a hill)


ҫыр

From Proto-Turkic *yaŕ- (“to write”). Related to Turkish yazmak.

кӑранташпа ҫыр

ҫыру ҫыр


ту

ту • (tu) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тусем)

From late Middle Chuvash *tu, from earlier Middle Chuvash *tai̯, from Old Chuvash *tåw, from Proto-Oghuric *taɣ, from Proto-Turkic *tāg.


ту

From Volga Bulgar طن (tan). Unclear relation with Tatar туу (tuwu).


тул

тул • (tul) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тулсем)


тул

to pass, to go by, to elapse, to slip by (of time)


ара

ара • (ara) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural арасем)

From Proto-Turkic *ede, *ide.
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (idi).


торт

торт • (tort) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тортсем)


ашак

ашак • (aš̬ak)

According to Fedotov and Yegorov, directly inherited from Proto-Turkic *eĺčgek (“donkey”), however Eren suggests that it should be considered a borrowing from Tatar ишәк (işäk, “donkey”) rather than direct inheritance.


кан

Perhaps borrowed from another Turkic language as it did not follow the change in vowels occurred in Chuvash. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kān- (“to be satisfied”). Cognate with Turkish kan- (“to be contented, satisfied”).


куян

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куян • (kujan) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural куянсем)

Borrowed from Tatar куян (quyan, “hare”) ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kodan (“hare”). According to Fedotov, Yegorov and Räsänen, Eastern Mari мераҥ (meraŋ) and Western Mari морен (moren) are compounds and the second part of the word was borrowed from the native variant of the word, *хуран (*huran). See also морен (moren).
Cognate with Uzbek quyon, Bashkir ҡуян (quyan) and Tuvan кодан (kodan).


пыл

From Proto-Turkic *bal (“honey”). Cognate with Turkish bal.


аман

From Proto-Turkic *emge- (“to suffer”). Related to амак (amak, “illness”).


шапа

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шапа • (šap̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шапасем)

Borrowed from Russian жа́ба (žába, “toad”).


местоимени

From Russian местоимение (mestoimenije).


ҫӑлтӑр

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ҫӑлтӑр • (śălt̬ăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӑлтӑрсем)

śălt̬ăr (romanization)
ҫӑлтӑрсем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yulduŕ (“star”). 'ҫтӑр' is the conglomerated form of 'ҫӑл' + 'тӑр'. See cognates at the Proto Turkic entry, compare also Turkish yıldırım.


хур

хур • (hur) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хурсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kāŕ, compare Turkish kaz.


пӗр

пӗр (canonical)
пӗрре (canonical)
pĕr (romanization)
pĕrre (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar بىر (bîr), from Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Cognate with Khalaj bî, Turkish bir, Uzbek bir, Bashkir бер (ber) and Yakut биир (biir).


юрӑ

юрӑ • (jură) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юрӑсем)


сӗт

сӗт • (sĕt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сӗтсем)

Cognate with Turkish süt; see that page for more.


чӗлхе

чӗлхе • (čĕlh̬e) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӗлхесем)


мӑй

мӑй • (măj) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural мӑйсем)

From Proto-Turkic *bōń (“neck”). Cognate with Turkish boyun.


кӑмпа

кӑмпа • (kămp̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑмпасем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kömbe, most likely a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *gǫba. Cognate with Azerbaijani göbələk, Turkmen kömelek and Tatar гөмбә (gömbä).


сахӑр

сахӑр • (sah̬ăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сахӑрсем)


уй

уй • (uj) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural уйсем)

From Proto-Turkic *ōy- (“to pick, peck, carve”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (oy-, “to hollow sth. out”), Turkish oyuk, Azerbaijani oymaq (“to carve, excavate”), Bashkir уйыу (uyıw, “to hollow”), Kazakh ою (oü, “to etch”), Kyrgyz оюу (oyuu, “to ornament, etch”), Southern Altai ойор (oyor, “to pierce”), Turkmen oýmak (“to carve”), Uzbek oʻymoq (“to carve”).


Куба

Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


ҫумӑр

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ҫумӑр • (śumăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yagmur (“rain”); equivalent to ҫу (śu, “to rain”) + -мӑр (-măr).
Cognate with Turkish yağmur, Uzbek yomgʻir, Bashkir ямғыр (yamğır) and Yakut самыыр (samıır).


ура

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ура • (ura) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural урасем)

From Proto-Turkic *adak.
Cognate with Turkish ayak, Kazakh аяқ (aäq), etc.


туп

From Proto-Turkic *tăp- (“to find”). Cognate with Azerbaijani tapmaq.


ил

to charge, collect, to levy, to take monies (in forms of taxes, payments, duties, tariffs, and fines)

тыткӑна ил

хулана ил


кас

From Proto-Turkic *kes- (“to cut”). Cognate with Turkish kes- (“to cut”).

to strive, to long, to be dying to (to do something)


ан

ан кай унта!


ӳсентӑран

ӳсентӑран • (üs̬ent̬ăran)

plant (organism capable of photosynthesis)


кам

kam (romanization)
кам (nominative singular)
камсем (nominative plural)
кама (singular)
камсене (plural)
камӑн (genitive singular)
камсенӗн (genitive plural)
кампа (instrumental singular)
камсемпе (instrumental plural)
камта (locative singular)
камсенче (locative plural)
камтан (ablative singular)
камсенчен (ablative plural)
камсӑр (abessive singular)
камсемсӗр (abessive plural)
камшӑн (causative singular)
камсеншӗн (causative plural)

From Volga Bulgar [script needed] (kem), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem. Cognates include Turkish kim and Bashkir кем (kem).


така

така • (tak̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural такасем)


Албани

Albani (romanization)
Албанин (genitive)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


кашкӑр

кашкӑр • (kaškăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кашкӑрсем)

kaškăr (romanization)
кашкӑрсем (plural)

Cognate with Kazakh қасқыр (qasqyr, “wolf”), Kyrgyz карышкыр (karışkır, “wolf”).


тилӗ

тилӗ • (tilĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тилӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tilkü.
Cognate with Khalaj tilkü, Turkish tilki, Uzbek tulki, Bashkir төлкө (tölkö) and Tuvan дилги (dilgi).


ӗне

ӗне • (ĕne) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӗнесем)

Related to Turkish inek, from Proto-Turkic *in-gek (“cow”).


шӑмӑ

шӑмӑ • (šămă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шӑмӑсем)


пӗлӗт

пӗлӗт • (pĕlĕt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пӗлӗтсем)

Related to Turkish bulut and Yakut пылыт (pılıt), from Proto-Turkic *bulït.


тумлам

тумлам • (tumlam) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тумламсем)

tumlam (romanization)
тумламсем (plural)


тӗтӗм

тӗтӗм • (tĕt̬ĕm) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӗтӗмсем)


пӳрне

пӳрне • (pürne) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пӳрнесем)


юханшыв

юханшыв • (juh̬anš̬yv) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юханшывсем)

juh̬anš̬yv (romanization)
юханшывсем (plural)

From юхан (juh̬an, “flowing”) + шыв (šyv, “water”). Compare Turkish akarsu (“stream”, literally “flowing water”).


ҫил

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ҫил • (śil) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫилсем)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹl. Cognate with Tatar җил (cil) and Bashkir ел (yel).


-а

пӑх (păh, “to look”) + -а (-a) → пӑха (păh̬a, “supervisor”)

пӑр (păr, “to turn”) + -а (-a) → пӑра (păra, “drill”)

Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed

вит (vit, “to cover”) + -а (-a) → вите (vit̬e, “stable”)

ҫарат (śarat, “to clear”) + -а (-a) → ҫарата (śarat̬a, “meadow”)


-а

ҫӳҫ (śüś, “hair”) + -а (-a) → ҫӳҫе (śüś̬e, “fringe”)

мӑй (măj, “neck”) + -а (-a) → мӑя (măja, “necklace”)


ама

Two possible origins have been proposed:
* Accoring to Jegorov, From Proto-Turkic *ene (“mother”). Compare анне (anne) and амӑшӗ (amăš̬ĕ), all three synonymous forms descending from the same Proto-Turkic root.
* Accoring to Räsänen, from Proto-Turkic *eme (“woman”), in which case cognate with Ottoman Turkish امه (eme, “concubine”)
Both Jegorov and Räsänen compare Mongolian эм (em), from Proto-Mongolic *eme. However, such comparisons are likely not related by inheritance.


ят

ят • (jat) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ятсем)

эсӗ мӗн ятлӑ


юл

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kāl- (“to remain”).
Cognate with Khalaj qâlmaq, Turkish kalmak, Uzbek qolmoq, Bashkir ҡалыу (qalıw) and Yakut хаал (qaal).


кӳкӗрт

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кӳкӗрт • (kük̬ĕrt)


вир

вир • (vir) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вирсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üyür (“millet”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur ʾwywr (üyür) and Tatar өйрә (öyrä).


вир

вир (canonical)
вире (canonical)
vir (romanization)
vire (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫrü (“high, height; upward”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur ʾwyrw (örü), Tatar үр (ür) and Yakut өрө (örö).


вир

Unknown, possibly from Western Mari вир (vir, “goal”) if not the other way around.


ут

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ут • (ut) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural утсем)

From Proto-Turkic *at (“horse”). Cognate with Turkish at, Azerbaijani at, Turkmen at, Bashkir ат (at), Tatar ат (at), Kazakh ат (at), Kyrgyz ат (at), Yakut ат (at).


ут

From Proto-Turkic *āt- (“to walk”). Cognate with Turkish adım (“step”), Tatar адым (adım, “step”), Kazakh адым (adym, “step”).


сала

сала • (sala) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural саласем)


сарӑ

сарӑ • (sară)

Borrowed from Tatar сары (sarı, “yellow”). The native word from the same root is шурӑ (šură, “white”).


пӗрре

пӗрре • (pĕrre)


иккӗ

иккӗ • (ikkĕ)

ikkĕ (romanization)
икӗ (alternative)
ик (alternative)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar اك (eki, “two”), from Proto-Turkic *ẹk(k)i (“two”).

ref

Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 20

Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “иккӗ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 162-163

Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “иккӗ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 67-68


виҫҫӗ

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виҫҫӗ or виҫӗ or виҫ • (viśśĕ or viś̬ĕ or viś)

виҫҫӗ (canonical)
виҫӗ (canonical)
виҫ (canonical)
viśśĕ (romanization)
viś̬ĕ (romanization)
viś (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar وج (weç), Proto-Turkic *üč (“three”).
Cognate with Khalaj ü̂ç, Turkish üç, Uzbek uch, Bashkir өс (ös) and Yakut үс (üs).


тӑваттӑ

тӑваттӑ or тӑватӑ or тӑват • (tăvattă or tăvat̬ă or tăvat)

тӑваттӑ (canonical)
тӑватӑ (canonical)
тӑват (canonical)
tăvattă (romanization)
tăvat̬ă (romanization)
tăvat (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar تُوات (tüwet), from Proto-Turkic *tȫrt.
Cognate with Khalaj tö̂rt, Turkish dört, Uzbek toʻrt, Bashkir дүрт (dürt) and Yakut түөрт (tüört).


пиллӗк

пиллӗк (canonical)
пилӗк (canonical)
pillĕk (romanization)
pilĕk (romanization)

[ˈpʲilʲːɘkʲ]

Inherited from Volga Bulgar بيال (byêl), from Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄ĺ.
Cognate with Khalaj bêş, Turkish and Azerbaijani beş, Karakhanid بٖيشْ (bḗš), Uzbek besh, Bashkir биш (biş), Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱁 (béš) and Yakut биэс (bies).


тус

head

тус • (tus) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural туссем)


сахал

сахал • (sah̬al)


мӗн

mĕn (romanization)
мӗн (nominative singular)
мӗнсем (nominative plural)
мӗне (singular)
мӗнсене (plural)
мӗнӗн (genitive singular)
мӗнсенӗн (genitive plural)
мӗнпе (instrumental singular)
мӗнсемпе (instrumental plural)
мӗнре (locative singular)
мӗнсенче (locative plural)
мӗнрен (ablative singular)
мӗнсенчен (ablative plural)
мӗнсӗр (abessive singular)
мӗнсенсӗр (abessive plural)
мӗншӗн (causative singular)
мӗнсеншӗн (causative plural)

From Proto-Turkic *nē-. Cognates include Turkish ne and Bashkir ни (ni).


эпӗ

эпӗ • (ep̬ĕ)

ep̬ĕ (romanization)
эпӗ (nominative)
мана (accusative dative indefinite)
манӑн (genitive)
ман (genitive)
манпа (instrumental)
манра (locative)
манран (ablative)
эп (alternative)

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ (“I”), whence also *ben. Cognates include Turkish ben (“I”) and Tuvan мен (men).


тинӗс

тинӗс • (tinĕs) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тинӗссем)

tinĕs (romanization)
тинӗссем (plural)
тинӗс (nominative singular)
тинӗссем (nominative plural)
тинӗсе (singular)
тинӗссене (plural)
тинӗсӗн (genitive singular)
тинӗссенĕн (genitive plural)
тинӗспе (instrumental singular)
тинӗссемпе (instrumental plural)
тинӗсре (locative singular)
тинӗссенче (locative plural)
тинӗсрен (ablative singular)
тинӗссенчен (ablative plural)
тинӗссӗр (abessive singular)
тинӗссэнсӗр (abessive plural)
тинӗсшӗн (causative singular)
тинӗссэншӗн (causative plural)

Borrowed from a neighbouring Kipchak language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *teŋiŕ. Compare Hungarian tenger (“sea”), a borrowing from a native Bulgar variant.
Cognate with Turkish deniz, Uzbek dengiz and Bashkir диңгеҙ (diñgeź).


сур

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sōd- (“to spit”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur swd (sod-, “to spit”).

inh+

(transitive) to soak (to penetrate or permeate by saturation)

(transitive) to spout, to regurgitate (of a bonfire spouting sparks or of an erupting volcano)


ӑ

The second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ӗ

The ninth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ҫ

The twenty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ӳ

The twenty-fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ылтӑн

head

ылтӑн • (ylt̬ăn) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ылтӑнсем)

Related to Turkish altın, from Proto-Turkic *altun.


Бельги

Belʹgi (romanization)
Бельгин (genitive)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


виле

виле • (vile) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вилесем)


пай

пай • (paj) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пайсем)


Австри

Avstri (romanization)
Австрин (genitive)


Армени

Armeni (romanization)
Арменин (genitive)


Беларуҫ

Беларуҫ • (Belaruś)

Borrowed from Russian Белару́сь (Belarúsʹ).


Болгари

Bolgari (romanization)
Болгарин (genitive)

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


шыв

šyv (romanization)
шывӑ (alternative)
шӑв (alternative)
шу (alternative)
шӗв (alternative)

Inherited from Bulgar شو (şıv) itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *sïb ~ *sub.
Cognate with Khalaj suv, Turkish su, Uzbek suv, Bashkir һыу (hıw) and Yakut уу (uu).


Венгри

Borrowed from Russian Ве́нгрия (Véngrija), from Polish Węgry.


ака

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ака • (ak̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *ekin, see the verb ак (ak).


икӗ

икӗ • (ik̬ĕ)

иккӗ иккӗ#Chuvash


пӗрремӗш

пӗрремӗш • (pĕrremĕš)

пӗрмӗш пӗрмӗш#Chuvash


иккӗмӗш

иккӗмӗш • (ikkĕmĕš)

From иккӗ (ikkĕ, “two”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (ekiş), [script needed] (ikişi, “second”).
Cognate with Khalaj əkkiminci, Turkish ikinci, Uzbek ikkinchi, Bashkir икенсе (ikense) and Yakut иккис (ikkis).


виҫҫӗмӗш

head

виҫҫӗмӗш • (viśśĕmĕš)

From виҫҫӗ (viśśĕ, “three”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (wecim, “third”).
Cognate with Khalaj ü̂çminci, Turkish üçüncü, Uzbek uchinchi, Bashkir өсөнсө (ösönsö) and Yakut үһүс (ühüs).

suf

Вӑл килйышри виҫҫӗмӗш ывӑл.


тӑваттӑмӗш

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тӑваттӑмӗш • (tăvattămĕš)

From тӑваттӑ (tăvattă, “four”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (tüwetim, “fourth”).
Cognate with Khalaj tö̂rtminci, Turkish dördüncü, Uzbek toʻrtinchi, Bashkir дүртенсе (dürtense) and Yakut төрдүс (tördüs).

cog

тӑваттӑмӗш бригада


пиллӗкмӗш

head

пиллӗкмӗш • (pillĕkmĕš)

From пиллӗк (pillĕk, “five”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (biyelim), [script needed] (béş), [script needed] (bélinc), [script needed] (bélinci, “fifth”).
Cognate with Khalaj bêşminci, Turkish beşinci, Uzbek beshinchi, Bashkir бишенсе (bişense) and Yakut бэһис (behis).

suf

пиллӗкмӗш пайӗ


улттӑмӗш

head

улттӑмӗш • (ulttămĕš)

From улттӑ (ulttă, “six”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (altış), [script needed] (altışi, “sixth”).
Cognate with Khalaj altamıncı, Turkish altıncı, Uzbek oltinchi, Bashkir алтынсы (altınsı) and Yakut алтыс (altıs).


ҫиччӗмӗш

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ҫиччӗмӗш • (śiččĕmĕš)

From ҫиччӗ (śiččĕ, “seven”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (ciyetiş, “seventh”).
Cognate with Khalaj yîettiminci, Turkish yedinci, Uzbek yettinchi, Bashkir етенсе (yetense) and Yakut сэттис (settis).


саккӑрмӗш

head

саккӑрмӗш • (sakkărmĕš)

From саккӑр (sakkăr, “eight”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”).
Cognate with Khalaj səkkizminci, Turkish sekizinci, Uzbek sakkizinchi, Bashkir һигеҙенсе (higeźense) and Yakut ахсыс (aqsıs).


тӑххӑрмӗш

head

тӑххӑрмӗш • (tăhhărmĕš)

From тӑххӑр (tăhhăr, “nine”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”).
Cognate with Khalaj toqquzmıncı, Turkish dokuzuncu, Uzbek toʻqqizinchi, Bashkir туғыҙынсы (tuğıźınsı) and Yakut тохсус (toqsus).

cog

Bashkir туғыҙынсы (tuğıźınsı)


вуннӑмӗш

head

вуннӑмӗш • (vunnămĕš)

From вуннӑ (vunnă, “ten”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (wânım, “tenth”).
Cognate with Khalaj ônminci, Turkish onuncu, Uzbek oʻninchi, Bashkir унынсы (unınsı) and Yakut онус (onus).


вуннӑ

head

вуннӑ or вунӑ or вун • (vunnă or vună or vun)

вуннӑ (canonical)
вунӑ (canonical)
вун (canonical)
vunnă (romanization)
vună (romanization)
vun (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar وان (wân), from Proto-Turkic *ōn.
Cognate with Khalaj ôn, Turkish on, Uzbek oʻn, Bashkir ун (un), and Yakut уон (uon).


тӑххӑр

тӑххӑр or тӑхӑр • (tăhhăr or tăh̬ăr)

тӑххӑр (canonical)
тӑхӑр (canonical)
tăhhăr (romanization)
tăh̬ăr (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar طخر (toxur), from Proto-Turkic *tokuŕ.
Cognate with Khalaj toqquz, Turkish dokuz, Uzbek toʻqqiz, Bashkir туғыҙ (tuğıź), and Yakut тоҕус (toğus).


саккӑр

саккӑр or сакӑр • (sakkăr or sak̬ăr)

саккӑр (canonical)
сакӑр (canonical)
sakkăr (romanization)
sak̬ăr (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar ڛَكِڔ (sekir), from Proto-Turkic *sekiŕ.
Cognate with Khalaj səkkiz, Turkish sekiz, Uzbek sakkiz, Bashkir һигеҙ (higeź) and Yakut аҕыс (ağıs).


ҫиччӗ

head

ҫиччӗ or ҫичӗ or ҫич • (śiččĕ or śič̬ĕ or śič)

ҫиччӗ (canonical)
ҫичӗ (canonical)
ҫич (canonical)
śiččĕ (romanization)
śič̬ĕ (romanization)
śič (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar جىات (cyēti), from Proto-Turkic *yẹt(t)i.
Cognate with Khalaj yêtti, Turkish yedi, Uzbek yetti, Bashkir ете (yete) and Yakut сэттэ (sette).


улттӑ

head

улттӑ or ултӑ or улт • (ulttă or ult̬ă or ult)

улттӑ (canonical)
ултӑ (canonical)
улт (canonical)
ulttă (romanization)
ult̬ă (romanization)
ult (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar الط (altı), from Proto-Turkic *altï.
Cognate with Khalaj alta, Turkish altı, Uzbek olti, Bashkir алты (altı) and Yakut алта (alta).


Ӳ

The twenty-third letter of the Chuvash alphabet


Ӑ

The second letter of the Chuvash alphabet


Ӗ

The ninth letter of the Chuvash alphabet


кала

Possibly inherited from Proto-Turkic *kele- (“to say”), however such a verb is very poorly attested and it instead may be a borrowing from Mongolic *kelele- (“to speak”).
Cognate with Salar kele and Tatar кэлеу (kelew); compare also Mongolian хэлэх (xelex).

inh+

(transitive) to deliver (a speech, a toast, etc.)

(transitive) to play, perform (on a musical instrument)

(transitive) to be enough (of spices in a dish)


какай

head

какай • (kak̬aj) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural какайсем)

Borrowed from Tatar кәкәй (käkäy, “meat”) ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ (ɣaqai, “pig”). According to Yegorov, it originally meant pork then later expanded into meat in general.


ав

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eg- (“to bend”).
Cognate with Turkish eğmek (“to bend”), Azerbaijani əymək (“to bend, tilt”), Bashkir эйеү (eyew, “to bend”), Kazakh ию (iü, “to bend”), Kyrgyz ийүү (iyüü, “to bend”), Southern Altai ийер (iyer, “to bend”), Turkmen egmek (“to bend, bow”), Tuvan ээр (eer, “to bend, wrap”), Uzbek egmoq (“to fold, bend”), Yakut иэх (ieq, “to bend”).

inh+

турат ав

(transitive) to bend, to curve, to crook

авнӑ пукан

Нумай калаҫрӑм, ҫапах аврӑм ӑна.

I talked a lot, yet still persuaded her.

(transitive) to persuade, to convince (someone to do something)

Туслӑха нимӗнле вӑй та авайман.

(transitive, figuratively) to break, to overcome


кил

From Proto-Turkic *kül. Cognate with Turkish and Azerbaijani -gil (“someone's home or family”), Yakut күүлэ (küüle, “entrance hall”).


кил

манран килмен сӑлтавсем

ӗҫ санран килет


салам

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Compare Turkish selam (“hello”).

bor+

Пурне те хӗрӳллӗ салам!


салам

салам яр

Салам алейккӗм!


аван

Uncertain however there are a few theories:
# According to Yegorov borrowed from Persian آبادان (âbâdân), compare Uyghur [script needed] (obdan, “good”).
# According to Fedotov borrowed from Arabic أَمَان (ʔamān, “safety, peace”).
# Yegorov and Fedotov also suggests it may be derived from Proto-Turkic *ab-, the root of *abïn- (“to console oneself”) and *abït- (“to console”), compare Old Turkic [script needed] (abïnïq, “consolation”), Khakas абыт- (abıt-, “to lull, to spend time”) and Turkish avunmak (“to cope”).
# EDAL accepts Turkish evet as a cognate and reconstructs a hypothetical Proto-Turkic *ebe-, however such a root is unattested and is not reconstructed outside of EDAL.

cog

аван ҫын

аван мар ӗҫ

пит аван

аван сасӑ


аван

Аван вӗренет.

Калча аван шӑтнӑ.


аван

Аван, эп хатӗр!


шурӑ

head

шурӑ • (šură)

From Proto-Turkic *sārïg (“yellow, white”). Compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”). Doublet of сарӑ (sară, “yellow, blond”).


тум

тум • (tum) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тумсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōn (“clothing”).
Cognate with Khalaj tôn, Turkish don, Bashkir тун (tun) and Tuvan тон (ton).


юр

From an earlier *xur, from Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”). Cognate with Turkish kar.


вула

According to Jegorov, grown with prothetic в- (v-) from ула (ula, “to howl, cry”), "the illiterate Chuvash equating reading to howling". The latter is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūlï- and is cognate with Turkish ulumak, Azerbaijani ulamaq.
Alternatively, according to Fedotov, cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (ula-, “to connect”): typologically compare German lesen (“to gather; to read”).


Швейцари

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Швейцари • (Švejtsari)

Borrowed from Russian Швейца́рия (Švejcárija).

bor+

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


сак

sak (romanization)
сакӑ (alternative)
саккӑ (alternative)

From Proto-Turkic *sekü (“stone bench, stage, dais”).


ывӑл

head

ывӑл • (yvăl) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ывӑлсем)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar اَول (avıl), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ogul.


хваттер

хваттер • (hvatter) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хваттерсем)

hvatter (romanization)
хваттерсем (plural)

Borrowed from Russian квартира (kvartira).


хыпар

head

хыпар • (hyp̬ar)

Ultimately from Arabic. Compare also Turkish haber.


шур

From Proto-Turkic *siaŕ (“yellowish white”). Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ساز (saz, “yellow”), also Kyrgyz саз өңдүү (saz öŋdüü).

cog

Kyrgyz саз өңдүү (saz öŋdüü)


шур

Kyrgyz саз өңдүү (saz öŋdüü)


тӗрт

head

тӗрт • (tĕrt)


пӗтӗм

пӗтӗм • (pĕt̬ĕm)

Related to Turkish bütün, from Old Turkic bütün.


вырӑс

вырӑс • (vyrăs)

Чи тӗлӗнмелли вара акӑ мӗн: Сергей – вырӑс.

2025 August 3, Софья Савнеш [Sofʹja Savneš], “Чӑваш чӗлхи: Самар вырӑсӗ ҫынсене чӑвашла вӗрентет [Čăvaš čĕlh̬i: Samar vyrăs̬ĕ ś̬yns̬ene č̬ăvašla vĕrent̬et]”, in Чăваш халăх сайчĕ [Čăvaš halăh sajčĕ]:


урпа

урпа • (urp̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *arpa (“barley”). Cognate with Turkish arpa.


урапа

урапа • (urap̬a)


юх

From Proto-Turkic *ak- (“to flow”). Related to Turkish akmak.


юрат

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yara- (“to be beneficial, useful, successful”). Cognate with Tatar ярату (yaratu) and Bashkir яратыу (yaratıw).


ҫур

From Proto-Turkic *yāŕ. Cognate with Turkish yaz (“summer”).


ҫур

Form Proto-Turkic *yār-. Cognate with Turkish yarmak.


ҫур

ҫур ҫул


арӑслан

head

арӑслан • (arăslan) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural арӑслансем)

arăslan (romanization)
арӑслансем (plural)

Related to Turkish aslan, from Old Turkic arslan. Kipchak form replaced original Chuvash-Bulgharic one: услан, that's related to Russian: уруслан, руслан and Hungarian oroszlán.


кантӑр

кантӑр • (kant̬ăr)


качака

качака • (kač̬ak̬a)


ӳс

Related to Tatar үсү (üsü), from Old Turkic ös-.


хӗр

хӗр • (hĕr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӗрсем)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar هير (hîr), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kï̄ŕ (“girl, woman”). Cognate with Turkish kız, Old Turkic 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (qïz).


ӗҫ

From Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work, deed”). Cognate to Turkish iş.


ӗҫ

From Proto-Turkic *ič- (“to drink”). Cognate to Turkish iç-.


тӑлмач

тӑлмач • (tălmač)

Borrowed from Tatar тылмач (tılmaç), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tilmač. Compare чӗлхе (čĕlh̬e), from the same root.
Cognate with
Azerbaijani dilmanc ,
Kazakh тілмаш (tılmaş),
Kyrgyz тилмеч (tilmec),
Pecheneg tilmaç,
Uzbek tilmoch,
Turkish dilmaç etc.


тӑрна

тӑрна • (tărna) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӑрнасем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *turńa (“crane”).
Cognate with Turkish turna, Bashkir торна (torna) and Yakut туруйа (turuya).


тӗве

head

тӗве • (tĕve)


тӗрӗк

тӗрӗк • (tĕrĕk)

Learned borrowing from Turkish. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥) and Hungarian török.


тӗнӗл

тӗнӗл • (tĕnĕl)

Related to Turkish dingil, from Proto-Turkic *teŋgel.


ҫӑкӑр

ҫӑкӑр • (śăk̬ăr)


тырӑ

тырӑ • (tyră)

Related to Turkish darı, from Old Turkic tarıg.


улма

улма • (ulma) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural улмасем)

From Proto-Turkic *alma. Cognate with Tatar алма (alma) and Bashkir алма (alma).


ултав

ултав • (ult̬av)

Related to Turkish aldatmak, from Middle Turkic al.


ҫӑмарта

ҫӑмарта • (śămart̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *yumurtka (“egg”).
Cognate with
Tatar йомырка (yomırka),
Turkish yumurta (“egg”), etc.
See йомортҡа (yomortqa) for more cognates.


ҫимӗҫ

ҫимӗҫ • (śimĕś)

Related to Turkish yemiş, from Proto-Turkic *yẹ̄miĺč.


тӑвар

тӑвар • (tăvar)

From Proto-Turkic *tūŕ, compare Yakut туус (tuus).


сухал

сухал • (suh̬al)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sakal. Cognate to Turkish sakal.


хӑрӑм

хӑрӑм • (hărăm)

From Proto-Turkic *kurum (“soot”).
Cognate with Bashkir ҡором (qorom),
Turkish kurum (“soot”).


мӑкӑнь

мӑкӑнь • (măk̬ănʹ)


хӑмла

хӑмла • (hămla)

From Proto-Turkic *kumlak, see there for further origin.
Compare Tatar колмак (qolmaq) and Bashkir ҡомалаҡ (qomalaq).


хӑнтӑр

хӑнтӑр • (hănt̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver; otter”).
Compare to Turkish kunduz, Bashkir ҡондоҙ (qondoź).


ыраш

ыраш • (yraš)


супӑнь

супӑнь • (sup̬ănʹ)


шӑна

шӑна • (šăna) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шӑнасем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *siŋek (“fly”) through a variant *siŋeg ~ *sïŋag.
Cognate with Turkish sinek and Tuvan сээк (seek). Compare also Hungarian szúnyog, a Bulgar borrowing.


кӗмӗл

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кӗмӗл • (kĕmĕl) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӗмӗлсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kümüĺ ~ *gümüĺ (“silver”). Related to Turkish gümüş and Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐱁 (kümüš).


кӗлте

кӗлте • (kĕlt̬e)

From Old Turkic *kül-tä. Cognate to Southern Altai кӱлте (külte, “reserve”), etc.


тулли

Related to Turkish dolu, from Old Turkic tolu.


укҫа

укҫа • (ukśa)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Morphologically ук (uk) + -ҫа (-śa). Cognate with
Tatar акча (aqça),
Bashkir аҡса (aqsa),
Kyrgyz акча (akca),
Kazakh ақша (aqşa),
Southern Altai акча (akča),
Kumyk акъча (aqça),
Karachay-Balkar ахча (axça),
Crimean Tatar aqça,
Turkish akçe,
Khakas ахча (axça),
Shor ақча,
Tuvan акша (akşa), etc.


ҫывӑр

ҫывӑр • (śyvăr)


ҫурта

ҫурта • (śurt̬a)


авӑр

авӑр • (avăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural авӑрсем)

Derived from ав (av, “to bend”) + ӑр (ăr).

ҫӗҫӗ аври

хӑяр аври

пӗр авӑр ҫӗрулми

кӑшман аври

(botany) greens, leaves (of a vegetable)


авӑр

авӑра пут


авӑр

авӑр • (avăr)

(intransitive) to spin, to whirl (of water in a whirlpool)


ампар

ампар • (amp̬ar)

Related to Turkish ambar, from Old Turkic ambar.


анне

From Proto-Turkic *ene (“mother”). Compare ама (ama) and амӑшӗ (amăš̬ĕ), all three synonymous forms descending from the same Proto-Turkic root.


ҫурла

ҫурла • (śurla) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫурласем)

cv:Çурла (пĕлтерĕшсем)


апат

апат • (ap̬at)


атте

Related to Turkish ata, from Old Turkic ata.


аппа

From Proto-Turkic *apa (“elder sister, aunt”). Related to Tatar apa, Turkish abla.


ӳпке

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ӳпке • (üpke)

From Proto-Turkic *öpke (“lung(s)”).
Related to Kyrgyz өпкө (öpkö).


ӳсӗр

ӳсӗр • (üs̬ĕr)

From Proto-Turkic *üskür- (“to cough”). Cognate with Turkish öksür- (“to cough”).


ӳт

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *et (“meat”).
The archaic sense "meat" is preserved in the Viryal dialect as set phrases ӳт шӳрпи (üt šürp̬i, “meat broth”) and ӳте кӗр (üt̬e k̬ĕr, “to break fast”) (lit. "to enter into meat").

ӳт илтерекен курăк

celandine, pilewort, fireweed; aloe; flesh-grasper grass; to take; grass

Native American (lit. 'Red-skinned ones'); Amerindian, Native American; red, scarlet

Хĕрлĕ Ӳтли (cf. хӗрлӗ, Turkish Kızılderili

(archaic, obsolete), (survives in Viryal dialect) meat, flesh of animals


вӑкӑр

вӑкӑр • (văk̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic *öküŕ. Cognate with Turkish öküz.


вӑрӑ

вӑрӑ • (vără)


вӑрӑ

вӑрӑ • (vără)


ӗнчӗ

ӗнчӗ • (ĕnč̬ĕ)

Inherited from Bulgar *ǯinǯü (whence also Old East Slavic жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ) and Hungarian gyöngy), from Proto-Common Turkic *yinǯü (whence also Old Turkic 𐰖𐰅𐰨𐰇 (yénčü), Kazakh інжу (ınju), Turkish inci etc.), from Middle Chinese 珍珠 (trin tsyu), 真珠 (tsyin tsyu, “true pearls”), whence also Mandarin 珍珠 (zhēnzhū).


ӑс

Related to Turkish us, from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).


сӑра

сӑра • (săra)

Borrowing from an Iranian language, compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *súrā. Cognate with Hungarian sör.


сӑрӑ

сӑрӑ • (sără)


чӑх

чӑх • (čăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӑхсем)

From Proto-Turkic *tiakïgu (“hen, fowl”), cognate to Hungarian tyúk, Turkish tavuk.


витре

витре • (vitre) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural витресем)

Borrowed from Russian ведро (vedro). Compare Bashkir биҙрә (biźrə).


выр

From Proto-Turkic *or-. Cognate with Kazakh ору (oru).


пин

Inherited from Volga Bulgar [Term?], from Proto-Turkic *bïŋ.
Cognate with Khalaj ming, Turkish bin, Uzbek ming, and Bashkir мең (meñ).


тимӗр

тимӗр • (timĕr)

Related to Turkish demir, from Proto-Turkic *temür.


эрне

эрне • (erne) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эрнесем)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar ايرنى (êrne) itself borrowed from Persian آدینه (âdine, “friday”).
Cognate with Turkmen anna, Uyghur ئازنا (azna) and Bashkir аҙна (aźna).


вут

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Cognate with Khalaj hôt, Turkish od, Uzbek oʻt, Bashkir ут (ut) and Yakut уот (uot).


турӑ

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турӑ • (tură) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural турӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋri ~ *taŋrï (“sky; god”) through a variant *tegri ~ *tagrï. Attested in Danube Bulgar as ΤΑΓΓΡΑ (taŋra).
Cognate with Turkish tanrı, Uzbek tangri, Bashkir тәңре (təñre) and Yakut таҥара (tañara).


хурал

From Middle Chuvash *χåral, from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ (qaraɣul).


хурал

From *qaral-, ultimately a derivation from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).


кун

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кун • (kun) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кунсем)

kun (romanization)
кунсем (plural)
кун (nominative)
dative-accusative (nominative)
куна
кунӑн (genitive)
кунпа (instrumental)
кунта (locative)
кунтан (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰤 (kün, “sun, day”), Turkish gün (“sun, daytime”), Azerbaijani gün (“day, sun”).


ҫирӗм

ҫирӗм • (śirĕm)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar جيرم (ciyermi), from Proto-Turkic *yẹgirmi.
Cognate with Khalaj yigirmi, Turkish yirmi, Uzbek yigirma, Bashkir егерме (yegerme), and Yakut сүүрбэ (süürbe).


ҫӗлен

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ҫӗлен • (śĕlen) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӗленсем)


ырату

ырату • (yrat̬u) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ыратусем)

From Proto-Turkic *agrï-t-ïg (“pain”), an action noun of *agrï-t- (“to cause pain; to feel pain in a specific spot; to be ill”), originally a causative form of *agrï- (“to ache; be ill”). Also Proto-Turkic *agrï-g (“pain”).
Compare to Tatar авырту (awırtu, “pain”), Bashkir ауыртыу (awırtıw, “pain; to feel pain in a specific spot”); Kazakh ауырту (auyrtu, “to cause pain”), Yakut ыарыт- (ıarıt-, “to cause pain; to be ill”), Turkish ağrıtmak (“to cause pain”), etc.


Раҫҫей

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Раҫҫей • (Raśśej)

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ҫын

ҫын • (śyn) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫынсем)


арҫын

арҫын • (arś̬yn) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural арҫынсем)

A compound of ар (ar, “man”) + ҫын (śyn, “human being”).


тунтикун

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тунтикун • (tunt̬ik̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тунтикунсем)

tunt̬ik̬un (romanization)
тунтикунсем (plural)


патша

патша • (patša)


кайӑк

кайӑк • (kajăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кайӑксем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹyik (“wild animal”).
Cognate with Turkish geyik, Uzbek kiyik and Khakas киик (kiik).


кайӑк

head

кайӑк • (kajăk)

→ Eastern Mari: кайык (kajyk)


Ԡ

(obsolete) A letter in the Yakovlev alphabet up to the 1930s.


пуҫ

Inherited from Volga Bulgar بَج (baç), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *baĺč (“head”).


хӑлха

хӑлха • (hălh̬a)


ҫӑвар

ҫӑвар • (śăvar)


ҫул

From Bulgar جال (çal), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yāĺ.


пӳр

ăна чĕрĕ юлма пӳрнĕ


вӑтӑр

вӑтӑр • (văt̬ăr)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar وطر (wotur), from Proto-Turkic *otuŕ.
Cognate with Khalaj hottuz, Turkish otuz, Uzbek oʻttiz, Bashkir утыҙ (utıź), and Yakut отут (otut).


хӗрӗх

хӗрӗх • (hĕrĕh)

[ˈχʲø̆rʲ(ɘ)χʲ]

Inherited from Volga Bulgar حرح (xırıx), from Proto-Turkic *kïrk.
Cognate with Khalaj qırq, Turkish kırk, Uzbek qirq, and Bashkir ҡырҡ (qırq).


кӑмрӑк

кӑмрӑк • (kămrăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑмрӑксем)

kămrăk (romanization)
кӑмрӑксем (plural)


хӑрӑк

хӑрӑк • (hărăk)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kūr-ïk, *kūr-ïgak (“dry”). Cognate with Azerbaijani quru.

old, dilapidated, shabby, ramshackle, decrepit, rickety


кӑк

кӑк • (kăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑксем)


пӑс

From Proto-Turkic *buŕ- / *boŕ- (“to damage, destroy”). Cognate with Azerbaijani pozmaq, Bashkir боҙоу (boźow).


кӗр

From Proto-Turkic *kīr- (“to enter”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰃𐰼 (kir- /kir²/), Turkish girmek, Azerbaijani girmək etc.


кӗр

From Proto-Turkic *kǖŕ (“to autumn”). Cognate with Turkish güz etc.


кӗрӗш

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кӗрӗш • (kĕrĕš)

From кӗр (kĕr) + -ӗш (-ĕš). Compare Azerbaijani girişmək, Turkish girişmek.


тух

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *taĺïk- (“to leave”) via crasis from *tulh-, equivalent to тул (tul, “outside”) + -ӑк (-ăk).
Cognate with 𐱃𐱁𐰶 (tašïq-, “to leave”) and possibly Turkish çıkmak (“to leave”), see Proto-Turkic *čïk- (“to leave”) for more.

inh+

вăхăт тухрĕ


вӑхӑт

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вӑхӑт • (văh̬ăt)

вӑхӑт тухрĕ


инкек

инкек • (ink̬ek)


таркӑн

таркӑн • (tark̬ăn)

From Chuvash тар (tar, “to run away”) + -кӑн (-kăn).


чупӑҫӑ

чупӑҫӑ • (čup̬ăś̬ă)


чухӑнлӑх

чухӑнлӑх • (čuh̬ănlăh)

/ˈtɕuɣənləχ/

suf

чухӑн (čuh̬ăn) + -лӑх (-lăh)

Чухӑнлӑх — ҫылӑх мар.


ҫуклӑх

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ҫуклӑх • (śuklăh)

From ҫук (śuk, “there is not, absent”) + -лӑх (-lăh, “-ness”). Compare Turkish yokluk (“poverty”).


юрлӑх

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юрлӑх • (jurlăh)


чухӑн

чухӑн • (čuh̬ăn)

From either a derivation of Proto-Turkic *yōk (“there is not”), whence ҫук (śuk) and чух (čuh, “mediocre, unimportant”); or inherited from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”).

чухӑн хресчен


хресчен

хресчен • (hresčen)

чухӑн хресчен


каллӗ-маллӗ

каллӗ-маллӗ • (kallĕ-mallĕ)


ӑлах

ӑлах • (ălah)


ҫӗркаҫ

ҫӗркаҫ • (śĕrk̬aś)


ӗнер

ӗнер • (ĕner)


кӗҫӗр

кӗҫӗр • (kĕś̬ĕr)


япала

→ Eastern Mari: явала (javala)

→ Russian: ебала (jebala)


йӑлт

йӑлт • (jălt)


тарӑх

тарӑх • (tarăh)

Compare Azerbaijani darıxmaq (“to miss, long; to be bored”).


вӑрла

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вӑрла • (vărla)

From *ogrïla-, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ogrï (“thief”), whence вӑрӑ (vără, “thief”).


айванлан

From айван (ajvan) + -лан (-lan). Ultimately from Classical Persian حِیْوان (hâyvan, “animal”).


амант

Causative form of Chuvash аман (aman, “to suffer, to be crippled, to be maimed”), from Proto-Turkic *emge- (“to suffer”). Related to амак (amak, “illness”).


ансухлан

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ансухлан • (ans̬uhlan)


артакла

артакла • (art̬akla)


ӑслайла

ӑслайла • (ăslajla)


ачашла

ачашла • (ač̬ašla)


кимӗ

кимӗ • (kimĕ)


катмак

катмак • (katmak) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural катмаксем)

katmak (romanization)
катмаксем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kētmen. Cognate with Bashkir кәтмән (kətmən).


вӑрман

вӑрман • (vărman)

Вăрмана кĕнĕ чух шăхăрса кĕр,
Сарă кайăк тăтăр савăнса.

(Can we date this quote?), “Вăрмана кĕнĕ чух [Vărmana kĕnĕ čuh]”:


ыхра

ыхра • (yhra) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ыхрасем)

Possibly from Russian укро́п (ukróp, “dill”).


чик

From Proto-Turkic *dik- (“vertical; to to plant vertically”).
Compare Azerbaijani dikmək (“to bury”) dik (“upright, vertical”), tikmək (“to sew”); Turkish dikmek (“to sew”), Kumyk тикмек (tikmek, “to sew; to build”) Kazakh тігу (tıgu).

cog

to lower (one's eyes, gaze, etc.) (so as not to look at someone)


шӑпӑр

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шӑпӑр • (šăp̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic. Cognate with Turkish süpürmek (“to sweep”), Turkish süpürge (“broom”).

шӑпӑр курӑкӗ

šăp̬ăr k̬urăk̬ĕ


авӑт

авӑт • (avăt)

From Proto-Turkic *öt- (“to sing (of birds); to say; to ask, request”). Cognate with Turkish ötmek, Azerbaijani ötmək, etc.


йӗке

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йӗке • (jĕk̬e)

From Proto-Turkic *iyik. Cognate with Turkish iğ, etc.


сывӑ

сывӑ • (syvă)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sag (“healthy”). Cognate with Azerbaijani sağ etc.

сывӑ ҫын

сывӑ шӑл

вӑл сывӑ мар


сывӑ

сывӑ • (syvă)


сывӑ пулӑр

сывӑ пулӑр • (syvă p̬ulăr)


сывӑ пултӑр

сывӑ пултӑр • (syvă p̬ult̬ăr)


лайӑх-и

лайӑх-и • (lajăh̬-i)


лайӑх-и

лайӑх-и • (lajăh̬-i)


ӗҫсем мӗнле

ӗҫсем мӗнле?

ӗҫсем мӗнле? • (ĕśsem mĕnle?)


вӑл

văl (romanization)
вӑл (nominative)
ӑна (accusative dative indefinite)
унӑн (genitive)
ун (genitive)
унпа (instrumental)
унта (locative)
унтан (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognates include Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.


пӑв

From Proto-Turkic *bog-. Cognate with Turkish boğmak, Azerbaijani boğmaq, etc.

(transitive) to choke, to suffocate, to strangle


арман

арман • (arman) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural армансем)


шӑнӑр

шӑнӑр • (šănăr)


пӑлхан

пӑлхан • (pălh̬an)


яшка

яшка • (jaška)

какайлӑ яшка

яшка вӗрилентер

яшка антарса ҫи

pour [yourself some] soup [and] eat [it]


тӗп

кӳлĕ тĕпĕ


хурт

хурт • (hurt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хуртсем)


ҫӗнӗ

ҫӗнӗ • (śĕnĕ)


вӗчӗ

вӗчӗ • (vĕč̬ĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вӗчӗсем)


вӗчӗ

вӗчӗ • (vĕč̬ĕ)


пӑр

Fromm Proto-Turkic *būŕ (“ice”). Cognate with Turkish buz.


пӑру

пӑру • (păru)


хӗрлӗ

хӗрлӗ • (hĕrlĕ)


чечек

чечек • (čeč̬ek) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чечексем)


эсӗ

эсӗ • (es̬ĕ)

es̬ĕ (romanization)
эсӗ (nominative)
санӑн (accusative dative indefinite)
сан (accusative dative indefinite)
сана (genitive)
санпа (instrumental)
санта (locative)
сантан (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *sẹ-, whence also *sen. Cognates include Turkish sen and Tuvan сен (sen).


эсир

эсир • (es̬ir)

es̬ir (romanization)
эсир (nominative)
сирӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
сире (genitive)
сирӗнпе (instrumental)
сирӗнте (locative)
сирӗнтен (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *siŕ. Cognates include Turkish siz and Bashkir һеҙ (heź).


вӗсем

вӗсем • (vĕs̬em)

vĕs̬em (romanization)
вӗсем (nominative)
вӗсен (accusative dative indefinite)
вӗсенӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
вӗсене (genitive)
вӗсемпе (instrumental)
вӗсенче (locative)
вӗсенчен (ablative)

cv-decl-pron

вӗсен, вӗсенӗн


эпӗр

head

эпӗр • (ep̬ĕr)

эпир эпир#Chuvash


эсӗр

эсӗр • (es̬ĕr)

эсир эсир#Chuvash


вӑлсем

вӑлсем • (văls̬em)

вӗсем вӗсем#Chuvash


хӑш

hăš (romanization)
хӑш (nominative)
хӑшӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
хӑшне (genitive)
хӑшинпе (instrumental)
хӑшенче (locative)
хӑшенчен (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Cognates include Turkish hangi and Bashkir ҡайһы (qayhı).


миҫе

миҫе • (miś̬e)

miś̬e (romanization)
миҫе (nominative)
миҫеӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
миҫе (accusative dative indefinite)
миҫене (genitive)
миҫепе (instrumental)
миҫере (locative)
миҫерен (ablative)

cv-decl-pron

миҫеӗн, миҫе


ӑҫта

head

ӑҫта • (ăśta)


мӗншӗн

мӗншӗн • (mĕnš̬ĕn)

/ˈmʲø̆ɲʒʲɘɲ/


мӗнле

мӗнле • (mĕnle)


аяк

аяк • (ajak) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural аяксем)


атте-анне

атте-аннесем

атте-анне • (atte-anne) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural атте-аннесем)

atte-anne (romanization)
атте-аннесем (plural)

Dvandva compound of атте (atte) + анне (anne).


ача-пӑча

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ача-пӑча • (ač̬a-p̬ăč̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ача-пӑчасем)

ač̬a-p̬ăč̬a (romanization)
ача-пӑчасем (plural)

Dvandva compound of ача (ač̬a) + пӑча (păč̬a).


улма-ҫырла

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улма-ҫырласем

улма-ҫырла • (ulma-ś̬yrla) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural улма-ҫырласем)

ulma-ś̬yrla (romanization)
улма-ҫырласем (plural)

Dvandva compound of улма (ulma) + ҫырла (śyrla).


вӑй-хал

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вӑй-хал • (văj-h̬al) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вӑй-халсем)

văj-h̬al (romanization)
вӑй-халсем (plural)

Dvandva compound of вӑй (văj) + хал (hal).


аш-какай

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аш-какай • (aš-kak̬aj) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural аш-какайсем)

aš-kak̬aj (romanization)
аш-какайсем (plural)

Dvandva compound of аш (aš) + какай (kak̬aj).


ӳт-пӳ

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ӳт-пӳ • (üt-pü) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӳт-пӳсем)


лару-тӑру

лару-тӑрусем

лару-тӑру • (laru-t̬ăru) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural лару-тӑрусем)

laru-t̬ăru (romanization)
лару-тӑрусем (plural)

Dvandva compound of лару (laru) + тӑру (tăru).


тӑкӑс

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тӑкӑс • (tăk̬ăs)

From Tatar тыгыз (tığız). Doublet of тӑвӑр (tăvăr).


тӑвӑр

тӑвӑр • (tăvăr)

From Proto-Turkic *tïgïŕ. Doublet of тӑкӑс (tăk̬ăs).


тӑвӑр

тӑвӑр • (tăvăr)


этемлӗх

этемлӗх • (et̬emlĕh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural этемлӗхсем)

et̬emlĕh (romanization)
этемлӗхсем (plural)


этем

этем • (et̬em) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural этемсем)


эрнекун

эрнекун • (ernek̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эрнекунсем)

ernek̬un (romanization)
эрнекунсем (plural)

From эрне (erne) + кун (kun). From Volga Bulgar اَرنى كوَان (“friday”). Literally means week day.

тунтикун · ытларикун · юнкун · кӗҫнерникун · эрнекун · шӑматкун · вырсарникун [edit]


эрешмен

эрешмен • (erešmen) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эрешменсем)

erešmen (romanization)
эрешменсем (plural)


эрешле

эрешле • (erešle)


эреш

эреш • (ereš) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эрешсем)


шурӑ эрех

шурӑ эрехсем

шурӑ эрех • (šură ereh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шурӑ эрехсем)

šură ereh (romanization)
шурӑ эрехсем (plural)


эрех

эрех • (ereh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эрехсем)


эмал

эмал • (emal) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эмалсем)

medicine, drug (substance which promotes healing)


паллӑ

паллӑ • (pallă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural паллӑсем)


паллаштар

паллаштар • (pallaštar)


паллаш

паллаш • (pallaš)


палла

From Proto-Turkic *bel-le-. Cognate with Turkish bellemek.

паллаштар

паллаш (pallaš)


палӑк

палӑк • (palăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural палӑксем)

Cognate with Bulgar بَلُو (“belüv”) which from the Proto-Oghur *bel-ig but instead of being a descendant, Chuvash form seems to be from Proto-Oghur *bel-ik. Because g irregularly didn't decrease in Chuvash (as in *elig>الُو (elüw)>алӑ (ală) or *bitig>*bitüw>пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü)). The real cognate must be Chuvash палӑ (pală) with an intermediary unattested Bulgar form. Compare Hungarian bélyeg and cognate with Proto-Common Turkic *bel-gü, Kazakh белгі (belgı), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bel-.


палан

палан • (palan) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural палансем)


пакша

пакша • (pakša) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пакшасем)


тӳрӗ

тӳрӗ • (türĕ)

тӳрĕ дополнени

тӳрĕ пуплев

сăмахăн тӳрĕ пĕлтерĕшĕ


тӳрӗ

тӳрӗ • (türĕ)


канаш

канаш • (kanaš) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural канашсем)


хӑмӑр

хӑмӑр • (hămăr)

(dialectal, of weather) cloudy, gray, gloomy


кӑвак

кӑвак • (kăvak)


кӑвак

кӑвак • (kăvak)


пӗҫӗ

пӗҫӗ • (pĕś̬ĕ)


ялав

ялав • (jalav) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ялавсем)


юман

юман • (juman) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юмансем)


упа

упа • (up̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural упасем)

Compare Khakas аба (aba), Middle Kipchak اَبا (apa). These forms are euphemistic references to the bear as 'father' or 'old man'.


кӗнеке

кӗнеке • (kĕnek̬e) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӗнекесем)

kĕnek̬e (romanization)
кӗнекесем (plural)


каччӑ

каччӑ • (kaččă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural каччӑсем)

desc

→ Eastern Mari: каче (kače, “bridegroom”)


кӑнтӑр

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кӑнтӑр • (kănt̬ăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑнтӑрсем)

kănt̬ăr (romanization)
кӑнтӑрсем (plural)


кӑнтӑрла

кӑнтӑрла • (kănt̬ărla)


мӗн чухлӗ

мӗн чухлӗ • (mĕn č̬uhlĕ)


чӳрече

чӳрече • (čüreč̬e) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӳречесем)

čüreč̬e (romanization)
чӳречесем (plural)


кантӑк

кантӑк • (kant̬ăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кантӑксем)

kant̬ăk (romanization)
кантӑксем (plural)


йӑран

йӑран • (jăran) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йӑрансем)

чечек йӑранӗ

кишӗр йӑранӗ


кирлӗ

кирлӗ • (kirlĕ)


кирлӗ

кирлӗ • (kirlĕ)


кишӗр

кишӗр • (kiš̬ĕr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кишӗрсем)

From Persian گزر (gazar). Cognate with Tatar кишер (kişer) and Bashkir кишер (kişer).


кичем

кичем • (kič̬em)


кӑшкӑр

кӑшкӑр • (kăškăr)

From Proto-Turkic *kïčgïr- (“to shout, cry”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani qışqır- (“to scream”), Turkish kışkırt- (“to provoke”), etc.


кӗлӗ

кӗлӗ • (kĕlĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӗлӗсем)


кӗрт

кӗрт • (kĕrt)


пурнӑҫа кӗрт

пурнӑҫа кӗрт

пурнӑҫа кӗрт • (purnăś̬a k̬ĕrt)

to realize, to accomplish, to fulfill, to put into practice


пурнӑҫ

пурнӑҫ • (purnăś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пурнӑҫсем)

purnăś (romanization)
пурнӑҫсем (plural)


пурнӑҫла

пурнӑҫла • (purnăśla)


ҫӑл

ҫӑл • (śăl) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӑлсем)


пусӑ

пусӑ • (pus̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пусӑсем)


ҫӑт

From Proto-Turkic *yubut- (“to swallow”). Cognate with Turkish yut- (“to swallow”), Azerbaijani ud- (“to swallow”), etc.


ҫӗле

ҫӗле • (śĕle)

Compare Turkish sırı- (“to sew tightly”), Azerbaijani sırı- (“to quilt”), etc.


ҫӗмӗр

ҫӗмӗр • (śĕmĕr)


ҫӗмӗрӗл

ҫӗмӗрӗл • (śĕmĕrĕl)

suf

ҫӗмӗр (śĕmĕr) + -ӗл (-ĕl)


ҫӗр

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ҫӗр • (śĕr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӗрсем)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹr (“earth, ground, land”).


ҫӗр

Inherited from Volga Bulgar جُور (cǖr), from Proto-Turkic *yǖŕ.
Cognate with Khalaj yü̂z, Turkish yüz, Uzbek yuz, Bashkir йөҙ (yöź), and Yakut сүүс (süüs).


ҫӗр

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čǖri- (“to rot”). Cognate with Turkish çürümek.


хут

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хут • (hut) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хутсем)

Borrowed from Classical Persian خَطّ (xatt, “hand drawing”), from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).


хут

пиллӗк хут


ҫу

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ҫу or ҫӑв • (śu or śăv)

ҫу (canonical)
ҫӑв (canonical)
śu (romanization)
śăv (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāg (“oil, butter, fat”).
Cognate with Khalaj yâğ, Turkish yağ, Uzbek yoʻg and Yakut сыа (sıa).


ҫу

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ҫу or ҫӑв • (śu or śăv)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāy (“summer”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani yay, Bashkir йәй (yəy) and Yakut сайын (sayın).


ҫу

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ҫу or ҫӑв • (śu or śăv)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yū- (“to wash”).
Cognate with Khalaj yûmaq, Turkish yumak, Uzbek yuvmoq, Bashkir йыуыу (yıwıw) and Yakut сууй (suuy).


ҫу

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yag-.
Cognate with Khalaj yağmaq, Turkish yağmak, Uzbek yogʻmoq, Bashkir яуыу (yawıw) and Tuvan чаар (çaar).


калта

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калта • (kalt̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural калтасем)


калаҫу

калаҫу • (kalaś̬u) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural калаҫусем)

kalaś̬u (romanization)
калаҫусем (plural)


калаҫ

калаҫ • (kalaś)


калав

калав • (kalav) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural калавсем)


йӗтем

йӗтем • (jĕt̬em) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йӗтемсем)


хӑмӑт

хӑмӑт • (hămăt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӑмӑтсем)


йӗрке

йӗрке • (jĕrk̬e) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йӗркесем)


йӗнер

йӗнер • (jĕner) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йӗнерсем)

From Proto-Turkic *ïŋïr. Cognate with Yakut ыҥыыр (ıñıır).

cog

Yakut ыҥыыр (ıñıır)


йӗвен

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йӗвен • (jĕven) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йӗвенсем)


йӑваш

йӑваш • (jăvaš)


ирӗклӗ

ирӗклӗ • (irĕklĕ)

ирӗклӗ ҫӗршыв


ҫӗршыв

ҫӗршыв • (śĕrš̬yv) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӗршывсем)

śĕrš̬yv (romanization)
ҫӗршывсем (plural)

Normalized form of the compound ҫӗр (śĕr, “ground, country, the Earth”) + шыв (šyv, “water, river”). From Proto-Turkic *yẹr (“ground, the Earth”) and *sub (“water”) respectively. Compare similar compoundizations in other Turkic languages; Old Uyghur 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽱 (Yersïv, “God”) Kyrgyz жер–суу (jer–suu, “the Earth”), Kazakh жер–су (jer–su), Uzbek er-su et cetera.


ирӗк

ирӗк • (irĕk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ирӗксем)

From Proto-Turkic *erk (“authority; free will, independence”). Cognate with Bashkir and Tatar ирек (irek, “freedom, liberty”), Turkish erk (“power, force”), etc.


ирӗк

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ирӗк • (irĕk)


ирӗксӗр

ирӗксӗр • (irĕksĕr)


ыран

From Proto-Turkic *yarïn (“tomorrow”). Cognate with Turkish yarın, Yakut сарсын (sarsın), etc.


ӗнентер

ӗнентер • (ĕnent̬er)

From ӗнен (ĕnen) + -тер (-ter). Cognate with Turkish inandır- (“to convince”).


ӗнен

ӗнен • (ĕnen)

From Proto-Turkic *ïnan- (“to trust, believe”).


ӗмӗтлен

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ӗмӗтлен • (ĕmĕtlen)

From ӗмӗт (ĕmĕt) + -лен (-len). Cognate with Turkish ümitlen- (“to hope”).


ӗмӗт

ӗмӗт • (ĕmĕt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӗмӗтсем)

From Persian امید (omêd, “hope”).
Cognate with Turkish ümit (“hope”), Azerbaijani ümid (“hope”), Bashkir өмөт (ömöt, “hope”), Kazakh үміт (ümıt, “hope”), etc.


ӗлӗк

ӗлӗк • (ĕlĕk)


сивӗ

сивӗ • (sivĕ)


ытлашши

ытлашши • (ytlašši)


ытлашши

ытлашши • (ytlašši)


эмел

эмел • (emel) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural эмелсем)


яхӑн

яхӑн • (jah̬ăn)

Borrowed from Tatar якын (yakın), from Proto-Turkic *yakïn, Proto-Turkic *yak- (“near; approach”).


ярӑн

ярӑн • (jarăn)

to ride on skis, skates, bicycle, or snowboard


вӗри

вӗри • (vĕri)


йӑрана

йӑрана • (jărana) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йӑранасем)

jărana (romanization)
йӑранасем (plural)


авал

Borrowed from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal, “first”). Compare Turkish evvel (“beginning”).


авалхи

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авалхи • (avalh̬i)


ҫавӑ

ҫавӑ • (śavă)


кунта

кунта • (kunt̬a)


унта

унта • (unt̬a)


хӑҫан

хӑҫан • (hăś̬an)


ҫук

From Proto-Turkic *yōk (“no; is not, there is not”). Cognate with Turkish yok (“there is not, no”).


тӳс

Borrowed from a Kipchak language, from Proto-Turkic *töŕ- (“to suffer, endure”).

der

to endure, to suffer, to tolerate, to stand


пурте

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пурте • (purt̬e)


пуҫтар

пуҫтар • (puśtar)


йывӑр

йывӑр • (jyvăr)


йывӑрлӑх

йывӑрлӑх • (jyvărlăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йывӑрлӑхсем)

jyvărlăh (romanization)
йывӑрлӑхсем (plural)


нумай

нумай • (numaj) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural нумайсем)


темиҫе

темиҫе • (temiś̬e)


урӑх

урӑх • (urăh)


урӑх

урӑх • (urăh)

henceforth, henceforward, from now on (with negation)


урӑх

урӑх • (urăh)


пысӑк

пысӑк • (pys̬ăk)


мӑнӑ

мӑнӑ • (mănă)


йытӑ

йытӑ (canonical)
йыт (canonical)
jyt̬ă (romanization)
jyt (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ï̄t (“dog”).
Cognate with Khalaj ît, Azerbaijani it, Uzbek it, Bashkir эт (et) and Yakut ыт (ıt).


вӑрӑм

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вӑрӑм • (vărăm)

From Proto-Turkic *uŕïn. Cognate to Turkish uzun.

long (having much distance from one terminating point on an object or an area to another terminating point)


курӑк

курӑк • (kurăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural курӑксем)


мӑйрака

мӑйрака • (măjrak̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural мӑйракасем)

măjrak̬a (romanization)
мӑйракасем (plural)


тӗк

тӗк • (tĕk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӗксем)

From Proto-Turkic *tǖk (“hair, feather”).


тӗк

From Proto-Turkic *tïkï- (“to stuff in, press in”). Cognate with Turkish tık- (“to stuff”), etc.


ҫавӑнпа

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ҫавӑнпа • (śavănp̬a)


инҫе

инҫе • (inś̬e)


инҫе

инҫе • (inś̬e)


начар

начар • (nač̬ar)

From Persian ناچار (nâčâr, “miserable”). Compare Kazakh нашар (naşar), Kyrgyz начар (nacar), etc.


ҫи

ҫи • (śi) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫисем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹg (“better, top”). Cognate with Turkish yeğ (“better”).


чӗре

чӗре • (čĕre) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӗресем)


чӗрӗп

чӗрӗп • (čĕrĕp) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӗрӗпсем)


шалча

шалча • (šalč̬a)

šalč̬a (romanization)
шалҫа (alternative)


япӑх

япӑх • (jap̬ăh)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yab- (“unattested verb denoting negativity”).


япӑх

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япӑх • (jap̬ăh)

to become undisciplined, to get out of hand (of children)


хуняма

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn ana. Cognate with Turkish kaynana.


хуняҫа

хуняҫа • (hunjaś̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn ata. Cognate with Turkish kaynata.


хунчӑкам

хунчӑкам • (hunč̬ăk̬am)

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn *ĕčey or Proto-Turkic *kādïn *āka.


лар

to settle (to establish a dwelling place)

to turn out, to result (of earned/yielded amount/quantity etc.)

(intransitive) to accumulate, to gather, to amass

to conduct (of a some traditional ceremonies)


сӑмса

сӑмса • (săms̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сӑмсасем)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠠ (samsa, “nasal septum”). Jegorov and Fedotov also compare Proto-Common Turkic *tumšuk (“nose, beak”), however this is dubious for phonetic reasons. EDAL reconstructs Proto-Turkic *sum-, however such a word is not attested in any other Turkic language.


алӑ

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алӑ • (ală) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural алӑсем)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar الُو (elüw), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *elig. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (l²g), Yakut илии (ilii), etc.


ҫунат

ҫунат • (śunat) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫунатсем)


чӗрне

чӗрне • (čĕrne) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӗрнесем)


куҫ

куҫ • (kuś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural куҫсем)

Ultimately derived from Proto-Turkic *köŕ (“eye”), however the morphology is uncertain, Fedotov proposes both a possible diminutive *köŕč and a third person singular possessive *köŕsi. EDAL's *köŕs is entirely baseless.


куҫ

Inherited from Bulgar كوج (köç-), كوالج (köwelç-), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *köč- (“to migrate”).

inh+

(intransitive) to pass, to go over, to progress, to advance

(intransitive) to be passed over, to be transmitted


тыткӑн

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тыткӑн • (tytkăn) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тыткӑнсем)

tytkăn (romanization)
тыткӑнсем (plural)


лайӑх

лайӑх • (lajăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural лайӑхсем)


лайӑх

лайӑх • (lajăh)


лайӑх

лайӑх • (lajăh)

safely, successfully, happily (in a secure manner; without the possibility of injury or harm resulting)


усал

усал • (us̬al) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural усалсем)


усал

усал • (us̬al)


хӳре

хӳре • (hüre) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӳресем)


ҫемье

ҫемье • (śemʹe) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫемьесем)


хуйӑр

хуйӑр • (hujăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хуйӑрсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kadïŕ (“bark”).
Cognate with Bashkir ҡайры (qayrı) and Yakut хатырых (qatırıq).


сӑмах

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сӑмах • (sămah) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сӑмахсем)


сыпӑк

сыпӑк • (syp̬ăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сыпӑксем)

(architecture) space between any two balusters of a flight of stairs

part, branch; team, squad (smallest unit in a hierarchy or sequence)

degree of relationship (as in first cousin, second cousin etc.)

хупӑ сыпӑк

уҫӑ сыпӑк


сасӑпа

сасӑпа • (sas̬ăp̬a)

сасӑпа вула


сасӑпа

сасӑпа • (sas̬ăp̬a)

сасӑ сасӑ#Chuvash


сасӑ

сасӑ • (sas̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сасӑсем)

sas̬ă (romanization)
сасӑсем (plural)
сасӑ (nominative singular)
сасӑсем (nominative plural)
сасса (singular)
сасӑсене (plural)
сассӑн (genitive singular)
сасӑсен (genitive plural)
сасӑсенӗн (genitive plural)
сасӑпа (instrumental singular)
сасӑсемпе (instrumental plural)
сасӑра (locative singular)
сасӑсенче (locative plural)
сасӑран (ablative singular)
сасӑсенчен (ablative plural)
сасӑсӑр (abessive singular)
сасӑсэнсӗр (abessive plural)
сасӑшӑн (causative singular)
сасӑсэншӗн (causative plural)

cv-noun-decl

сасӑсен, сасӑсенӗн

сасă чĕлĕхĕсем


хупӑ

head

хупӑ • (hup̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хупӑсем)

cover (front and back of a book or a magazine)


хупӑ

хупӑ • (hup̬ă)

хупӑ сыпӑк

хупӑ сасӑ

covered, sheltered, with a roof, with an awning


ҫеҫке

ҫеҫке • (śeśke) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫеҫкесем)


янах

янах • (janah) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural янахсем)


юхӑм

юхӑм • (juh̬ăm) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юхӑмсем)

From юх (juh) + -ӑм (-ăm). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ak-ïn (“flow, stream”), from Proto-Turkic *ak- (“to flow”).


вырсарникун

вырсарникунсем

вырсарникун • (vyrs̬arnik̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вырсарникунсем)

vyrs̬arnik̬un (romanization)
вырсарникунсем (plural)

From Chuvash вырӑс (vyrăs, “Russian”) + эрне (erne, “week”) + кун (kun, “day”).


шӑматкун

шӑматкун • (šămatkun) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шӑматкунсем)

šămatkun (romanization)
шӑматкунсем (plural)


кӗҫнерникун

кӗҫнерникунсем

кӗҫнерникун • (kĕśnernik̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӗҫнерникунсем)

kĕśnernik̬un (romanization)
кӗҫнерникунсем (plural)

[kʲɘɕɲerʲɲiˈɡun]

From Volga Bulgar كجن ارن كون (kⁱçⁱn ernᵉ k^üw^ēn, “Thursday”). Literally “small week day” in Volga Bulgar.


юнкун

head

юнкун • (junk̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юнкунсем)

junk̬un (romanization)
юнкунсем (plural)

From Volga Bulgar حىان كوان (“Wednesday”, literally “blood day”).


ытларикун

head

ытларикунсем

ытларикун • (ytlarik̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ытларикунсем)

ytlarik̬un (romanization)
ытларикунсем (plural)


маттур

маттур • (mattur) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural маттурсем)

mattur (romanization)
маттурсем (plural)


хунь

хунь • (hunʹ)


симӗс

симӗс • (simĕs)

From an Iranian source, compare Persian سبز (sabz, “green”).

(figurative) young, green, inexperienced


ешӗл

ешӗл • (eš̬ĕl)

From Proto-Turkic *yāĺïl (“green”). Cognate with Turkish yeşil (“green”).


хӑс

From Proto-Turkic *kus- (“to vomit”). Cognate with Turkish kus- (“to vomit”).


пӗвер

пӗвер • (pĕver) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пӗверсем)


ҫӳҫ

ҫӳҫ • (śüś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӳҫсем)


ҫырт

ҫырт • (śyrt)

From Proto-Turkic *ïsïr- (“to bite”). Cognate with Turkish ısır- (“to bite”), Yakut ытыр (ıtır, “to bite”).


кӑкӑр

кӑкӑр • (kăk̬ăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑкӑрсем)


ҫурӑм

ҫурӑм • (śurăm) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫурӑмсем)


ҫулҫӑ

ҫулҫӑ • (śulś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫулҫӑсем)


упӑшка

упӑшка • (up̬ăška) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural упӑшкасем)

up̬ăška (romanization)
упӑшкасем (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *abučka (“husband, old man”).


арӑм

head

арӑм • (arăm) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural арӑмсем)


хӗрарӑм

хӗрарӑм • (hĕrarăm) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӗрарӑмсем)

hĕrarăm (romanization)
хӗрарӑмсем (plural)


каҫ

каҫ • (kaś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural каҫсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kēče (“night”), derived from the root *kēč (“late”).
Cognate with Turkish gece (“night”), Azerbaijani gecə (“night”), Turkmen gije (“night”), Kazakh кеш (keş, “evening”), Kyrgyz кеч (kec, “evening”), etc.


каҫ

From Proto-Turkic *keč- (“to pass, wade”).


ӑшӑ

ӑшӑ • (ăš̬ă)


ӑшӑ

ӑшӑ • (ăš̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӑшӑсем)


ҫӗрӗк

ҫӗрӗк • (śĕrĕk)


ҫӗрӗк

ҫӗрӗк • (śĕrĕk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӗрӗксем)


сулахай

сулахай • (sulah̬aj)


сылтӑм

сылтӑм • (sylt̬ăm)


хыр

хыр • (hyr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хырсем)


хурӑн

хурӑн • (hurăn) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хурӑнсем)


йывӑҫ

йывӑҫ • (jyvăś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural йывӑҫсем)


пулӑ

пулӑ • (pulă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пулӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bālïk (“fish”).
Cognate with Turkish balık, Uzbek baliq, Bashkir балыҡ (balıq) and Yakut балык (balık).


хитре

head

хитре • (hitre) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хитресем)


ҫӳхе

ҫӳхе • (śüh̬e)


ҫинҫе

ҫинҫе • (śinś̬e)


ансӑр

ансӑр • (ans̬ăr)


анлӑ

анлӑ • (anlă)


сарлака

сарлака • (sarlak̬a)


кӗске

кӗске • (kĕske)


пӗчӗк

пӗчӗк • (pĕč̬ĕk)


хулӑн

хулӑн • (hulăn)

deep (low in frequency or pitch) (of a sound or voice)


уҫӑ

уҫӑ • (uś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural уҫӑсем)


уҫӑ

уҫӑ • (uś̬ă)


илт

From Proto-Turkic *ẹĺit- (“to hear”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱁𐱅 (eşit-, “to hear, listen”), Azerbaijani eşitmək (“to hear”), Bashkir ишетеү (işetew, “to hear”), Kazakh есту (estu, “to hear”), Turkmen eşitmek (“to hear”), Uzbek eshitmoq (“to hear”), Yakut иһит (ihit, “to hear”).


сунарҫӑ

head

сунарҫӑ • (sunarś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сунарҫӑсем)

sunarś̬ă (romanization)
сунарҫӑсем (plural)


хырӑм

хырӑм • (hyrăm) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хырӑмсем)


тымар

тымар • (tymar) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тымарсем)


вӑрлӑх

вӑрлӑх • (vărlăh)


пыйтӑ

пыйтӑ • (pyjt̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пыйтӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bït.
Cognate with Khalaj bit, Turkish bit, Uzbek bit, Bashkir бет (bet) and Yakut быт (bıt).


хуралҫӑ

хуралҫӑ • (huralś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хуралҫӑсем)

huralś̬ă (romanization)
хуралҫӑсем (plural)


служащи

служащи • (služašči) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural служащисем)

služašči (romanization)
служащисем (plural)


пахчаҫӑ

пахчаҫӑ • (pahčaś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пахчаҫӑсем)

pahčaś̬ă (romanization)
пахчаҫӑсем (plural)


тухтӑр

тухтӑр • (tuhtăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тухтӑрсем)

tuhtăr (romanization)
тухтӑрсем (plural)


тимӗрҫӗ

тимӗрҫӗ • (timĕrś̬ĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тимӗрҫӗсем)

timĕrś̬ĕ (romanization)
тимӗрҫӗсем (plural)


вӑрманҫӑ

вӑрманҫӑ • (vărmanś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вӑрманҫӑсем)

vărmanś̬ă (romanization)
вӑрманҫӑсем (plural)


юрӑҫӑ

юрӑҫӑ • (jurăś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural юрӑҫӑсем)

jurăś̬ă (romanization)
юрӑҫӑсем (plural)


ҫӗвӗҫ

ҫӗвӗҫ • (śĕvĕś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӗвӗҫсем)


сутуҫӑ

сутуҫӑ • (sut̬uś̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сутуҫӑсем)

sut̬uś̬ă (romanization)
сутуҫӑсем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *sat-ïg-čï (“seller”), from Proto-Turkic *sat- (“to sell”).
Cognate with Bashkir һатыусы (hatıwsı, “seller”), Turkish satıcı (“seller”), Dolgan атыыһыт (“merchant”), etc.
Synchronously, сут (sut) + -уҫӑ (-uś̬ă).


рабочи

рабочи • (raboč̬i) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural рабочисем)

raboč̬i (romanization)
рабочисем (plural)


пулӑҫ

пулӑҫ • (pulăś) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пулӑҫсем)


пахча

пахча • (pahča) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пахчасем)


кӑлар

кӑлар • (kălar)

Perhaps from the causative of Proto-Turkic *kal(ï)- (“to rise, jump up”). Cognate with Turkish kaldır- (“to take away, remove; to lift up”).


манӑн

head

манӑн • (manăn)

manăn (romanization)
эпӗ (nominative)
мана (accusative dative indefinite)
манӑн (genitive)
ман (genitive)
манпа (instrumental)
манта (locative)
мантан (ablative)


чӗрчун

чӗрчун • (čĕrč̬un) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӗрчунсем)

čĕrč̬un (romanization)
чӗрчунсем (plural)


выльӑх

выльӑх • (vylʹăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural выльӑхсем)

vylʹăh (romanization)
выльӑхсем (plural)


ӑман

ӑман • (ăman) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӑмансем)


туя

туя • (tuja) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural туясем)


вӗрен

вӗрен • (vĕren) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural вӗренсем)


вӗрен

вӗрен • (vĕren)

From Proto-Turkic *ögren- (“to get accustomed to; to learn”).
Cognate with Turkish öğren-, Azerbaijani öyrən-, Kazakh үйрену (üirenu), etc.


пӑяв

head

пӑяв • (păjav) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пӑявсем)


ҫип

ҫип • (śip) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫипсем)


чӗркуҫҫи

чӗркуҫҫи • (čĕrk̬uśśi) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural чӗркуҫҫисем)

čĕrk̬uśśi (romanization)
чӗркуҫҫисем (plural)


пыршӑ

пыршӑ • (pyrš̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пыршӑсем)


вӗр

Probably from the same root as Etymology 1 above. Cognate with Turkish ürü- (“to bark”).


сывла

From Proto-Turkic *soglï- (“to breathe heavily, to pant”). Cognate with Turkish solu- (“to breathe”).


тӗрӗс

head

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs)


тӗрӗс

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӗрӗссем)


тӗрӗс

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs)


питӗ

питӗ • (pit̬ĕ)

питӗ аван


типӗ

типӗ • (tip̬ĕ)

withered, stale (not fresh and soft anymore)


типӗ

типӗ • (tip̬ĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural типӗсем)


ҫывӑх

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫывӑхсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yaguk (“close”), equivalent to an unattested ҫывӑ (śyvă, "to come close") + -к (-k).
Cognate with Turkish yavuklu (“fiancee”).


ҫывӑх

head

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh)


ҫывӑх

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh)


катари

катари • (kat̬ari)


инҫетри

инҫетри • (inś̬etri)


аяк пӗрчи

аяк пӗрчисем

аяк пӗрчи • (ajak pĕrč̬i) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural аяк пӗрчисем)

ajak pĕrč̬i (romanization)
аяк пӗрчисем (plural)


пӗл

to know (to be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered)


хӑра

хӑра • (hăra) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӑрасем)

From Proto-Turkic *kork- (“to fear”). Cognate with Turkish kork- (“to fear”).


хӑра

хӑра • (hăra)


хӑвӑл

хӑвӑл • (hăvăl) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӑвӑлсем)


валашка

валашка • (valaška) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural валашкасем)

valaška (romanization)
валашкасем (plural)


шутла

шутла • (šutla)


сӑтӑр

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сӑтӑрсем)


сӑтӑр

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr)


сӑтӑр

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr)


тыт

to catch, to arrest, to be caught red-handed

to retain, to keep (e.g. moisture in the soil or warmth)


ҫап

From Proto-Turkic *čap- (“to beat, hit”).


ҫӳре

ҫӳре • (śüre)

From Proto-Turkic *yüri- (“to walk”). Cognate with Turkish yürü- (“to walk; to function, work, run”).


ҫапӑҫ

head

ҫапӑҫ • (śap̬ăś)


вӗлер

вӗлер • (vĕler)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öltür-, a causative form of *öl-.


пурӑн

пурӑн • (purăn)


шӑршла

шӑршла • (šăršla)

шӑршӑ кӑлар

šărš̬ă k̬ălar


кирпӗч

кирпӗч • (kirp̬ĕč) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кирпӗчсем)

kirp̬ĕč (romanization)
кирпӗчсем (plural)


ӑслӑх

ӑслӑх • (ăslăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӑслӑхсем)

ӑслӑлӑх ӑслӑлӑх#Chuvash

Alternative form of ӑслӑлӑх (ăslălăh, “science”)


ӑслӑлӑх

ӑслӑлӑх • (ăslălăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӑслӑлӑхсем)

ăslălăh (romanization)
ӑслӑлӑхсем (plural)
ӑслӑх (alternative)


шухӑшла

шухӑшла • (šuh̬ăšla)

suf

шухӑш (šuh̬ăš) + -ла (-la)


шухӑш

head

шухӑш • (šuh̬ăš) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural шухӑшсем)


кӳлӗ

кӳлӗ • (külĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӳлӗсем)


хӑйӑр

хӑйӑр • (hăjăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӑйӑрсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kayïr (“salt steppe; sandbank; gravel; sand”). Cognate with dialectal Turkish kayır (“sand”), Southern Altai кайыр (kayïr, “salt marsh”).


хӑйӑр

head

хӑйӑр • (hăjăr)


тусан

тусан • (tus̬an) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тусансем)


ватӑ

ватӑ • (vat̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ватӑсем)


ватӑ

ватӑ • (vat̬ă)

ватӑ асанне

ватӑ асатте

ватӑ кукамай

ватӑ кукаҫей


кӗл

кӗл • (kĕl) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӗлсем)


ҫун

From Proto-Turkic *yan- (“to burn (intr.), blaze up”). Cognate with Turkish yan- (“to burn (intr.)”)

inh

(of food) to burn (to become overheated to the point of being unusable)

(of a sauna) to become heated, to reach the right temperature


кивӗ

head

кивӗ • (kivĕ)


карчӑк

карчӑк • (karč̬ăk) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural карчӑксем)

karč̬ăk (romanization)
карчӑксем (plural)


хастар

хастар • (hastar) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хастарсем)

hastar (romanization)
хастарсем (plural)


тӳпе

тӳпе • (tüp̬e) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӳпесем)

Inherited from Proto-Oghur *töpe, from Proto-Turkic *tepe.

(anatomy) crown; the topmost part of the head

(figurative) highest point, highest stage or level of something


тӳн

From Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Cognate with Turkish dön- (“to turn, overturn”), Azerbaijani dön- (“to turn”), etc.

(colloquial) to go to bed, to go to sleep


такӑн

такӑн • (tak̬ăn)

to stammer, to falter (to utter with hesitation, or in a weak and trembling manner)


ӳк

to come out (e.g. well, in photographs or pictures)

to appear, to emerge, come up (of thoughts, ideas etc.)


тӗтре

тӗтре • (tĕtre) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӗтресем)


тӑпра

тӑпра • (tăpra) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тӑпрасем)


пӳрт

пӳрт • (pürt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пӳртсем)

Possibly from Eastern Mari пӧрт (pört). Alternatively related to Yakut бырт (bırt, “wellbeing, wealth”).


ҫурт

ҫурт • (śurt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫуртсем)

From Proto-Turkic *yūrt. Doublet of юрта (jurt̬a).


шӑхӑр

шӑхӑр • (šăh̬ăr)


шӑхӑр

шӑхӑр • (šăh̬ăr)

шӑрчӑк

шӑхӑрчӑк (šăh̬ărč̬ăk)

(colloquial) to understand, to get it, to catch on, to realize


шӑрчӑк

шӑрчӑк • (šărč̬ăk)

Contraction of шӑхӑрчӑк (šăh̬ărč̬ăk), from шӑхӑр (šăh̬ăr, “to whistle”). Cognate with Southern Altai сыгырчык (sïgïrčïk).


шӑхӑрчӑк

шӑхӑрчӑк • (šăh̬ărč̬ăk)

suf

шӑхӑр (šăh̬ăr) + -чӑк (-čăk)

whistle (device used to make a whistling sound, act of whistling)


шыҫ

(boil, abscess) to gather, to come to a head


чура

head

чура • (čura)

Cognate with Turkmen çory (“female servant”).


чуралӑх

чуралӑх • (čuralăh)


кӑвакарчӑн

кӑвакарчӑн • (kăvak̬arč̬ăn)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫkerčin (“dove, pigeon”), equivalent to кӑвакар (kăvak̬ar, “to become blue”) + -чӑн (-čăn).
Cognate with Khalaj kö̂kərçik, Turkish güvercin, Bashkir күгәрсен (kügərsen) and Tuvan көгээзин (kögeezin).

inh+

кӑвакарчӑн куҫӗ

kăvak̬arč̬ăn k̬uś̬ĕ

кӑвакарчӑн шӑтӑкӗ

kăvak̬arč̬ăn š̬ăt̬ăk̬ĕ


уйӑр

head

уйӑр • (ujăr)

From Proto-Turkic *adï- (“to separate”).
Cognate with Turkish ayırmak, Azerbaijani ayırmaq Bashkir айырыу (ayırıw), Khakas азырарға (azırarğa), Kyrgyz айыруу (ayıruu), Turkmen aýyrmak, Uzbek ayirmoq, Yakut атыр (atır).


уйӑх

уйӑх • (ujăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural уйӑхсем)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar ايخ (“month”).


хӗвел

head

хӗвел • (hĕvel) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӗвелсем)

From Proto-Turkic *küneĺ (“sunny place”). Akin to Yakut куйаас (kuyaas).

Эсӗ мана савас пулсан
Хӗвӗл
Анса лармашкӑн манĕ

2020, “Эсӗ мана савас пулсан [Es̬ĕ mana s̬avas puls̬an, If you love me]”, in Petĕr Eizin (lyrics), Эпир те маттур [Ep̬ir t̬e mattur, We are great], performed by Tarai:

If you love me
the Sun
Will forget to set


пӑрах

пӑрах • (părah)

From Proto-Turkic *bïrak- (“to let; to abandon; to send; to throw”).

inh

to set, to plant (i.e. potatoes in the furrow)

to shed, to cast (skin, fur, feathers), to moult

to lower, reduce (the price of something)


ывӑт

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ывӑт • (yvăt)

to throw up, to toss up (to throw something upwards)

to besew a fabric with threads of a different color


ӑмӑрт

ӑмӑрт • (ămărt) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӑмӑртсем)

Unknown, the word exists exclusively within the Bulgar language family and not in any other Turkic language. Fedotov and Yegorov suggest a very early borrowing from Persian سیمرغ (simorġ), however they do not address where the final -т (-t) comes from. Attested in Danube Bulgar as Ωμορταγ (Omurtag), the diminutive of *ωμορτ (omurt, “eagle”).


ӑмӑрт

ӑмӑрт • (ămărt)


ӑмӑр

ӑмӑр • (ămăr)

From Proto-Turkic *omuŕ (“shoulder”), cognate with Turkish omuz.


ӑмӑр

ӑмӑр • (ămăr)

From Proto-Turkic *amïr (“gentle, quiet”). Cognate with Tuvan амыр (amır).

quiet and warm (about the weather after rain)


чӗрпӗк

чӗрпӗк • (čĕrp̬ĕk)

/t͡ɕʲø̆rʲpʲɘkʲ/

From either Proto-Turkic *čap- (“eye pus”) or *čel- (“mucus discharged by the eye”). Compare Karakhanid [script needed] (čelpek, “rheum”), Turkish çapak, etc.


ыйт

From Proto-Turkic *āy-, compare Kyrgyz айтуу (aytuu), Yakut ыйыт (ıyıt).


кӗпер

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кӗпер • (kĕp̬er) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӗперсем)

From *köpür-, from Proto-Turkic *köprüg. Compare Turkish köprü, Kyrgyz көпүрө (köpürö).


ҫырма

ҫырма • (śyrma)

From Chuvash ҫыр (śyr, “to write”) + -ма (-ma).


ҫырма

ҫырма • (śyrma)


пӗт

From Proto-Turkic *büt-, compare Turkish bitmek.


хӗл

хӗл • (hĕl) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӗлсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïĺ (“winter”).
Cognate with Khalaj qış, Turkish kış, Uzbek qish, Bashkir ҡыш (qış) and Yakut кыһын (kıhın).


ҫӗн

From Proto-Turkic *yeŋ-, compare Turkish yenmek.


ҫӑва

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ҫӑва • (śăva) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ҫӑвасем)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹbe-. Cognate with Tuvan чевег (çeveg, “grave, cemetery”).


-ла

Alternative form of -ле (-le, “denominal verb forming suffix”) (after back vowels).


ҫӑмӑл

ҫӑмӑл • (śămăl)


ҫӑмӑл

ҫӑмӑл • (śămăl)


сула

From Proto-Turkic *solak. Cognate with Middle Kipchak سُلاقْ (solāq) mentioned by Kashgarî as a Kipchak word in 11th century, but perhaps actually an Oghur term since there is only an Oghur descendant.


пӗтӳ

пӗтӳ • (pĕt̬ü)

From Proto-Turkic *bitig, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *biti-. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g).


-ӑҫ

From Proto-Turkic *-iĺč. Cognate with Azerbaijani -iş.

ҫап (śap, “to beat”) + -ӑҫ (-ăś) → ҫапӑҫ (śap̬ăś, “to fight”)

кан (kan, “to calm down”) + -ӑҫ (-ăś) → канӑҫ (kanăś, “peace”)


йӑх

(transitive) mount (to get on top of (an animal) to mate)


палӑр

палӑр • (palăr)

From Proto-Turkic *bel-gü-r-. Cognate with Turkish belirmek.


палӑ

палӑ • (pală)

Alternative form of паллӑ (pallă). Both Proto-Turkic *belig and Proto-Turkic *belgü are the possible etymologies, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bel-.


канӑҫ

канӑҫ • (kanăś)


канӑҫ

канӑҫ • (kanăś)

(reciprocal) to be content, to be satisfied


-ҫӗ

From Proto-Turkic *-čük, cognate with Turkish -cik.

анне (anne, “mother”) + аннеҫӗ (anneś̬ĕ, “little/pretty mother”) + -м (-m) → аннеҫӗм (anneś̬ĕm, “mumsy”)


-ҫӗ

тӗпчев (tĕpčev, “research”) + -ҫӗ (-śĕ) → тӗпчевҫӗ (tĕpčevśĕ, “researcher”)

хурал (hural, “watch”) + -ҫӗ (-śĕ) → хуралҫӑ (huralś̬ă, “watchman, guard”)


ҫӑп-ҫӑмӑл

ҫӑп-ҫӑмӑл • (śăp-śămăl)

From ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “lightweight”). Cognate with Kazakh жеп-жеңіл (jep-jeñıl).


ҫӗп-ҫӗнӗ

ҫӗп-ҫӗнӗ • (śĕp-śĕnĕ)

From ҫӗнӗ (śĕnĕ). Cognate with Turkish yepyeni.


тӑм

From Proto-Turkic *toŋ (“frost”), cognate with Turkish don.


тӑлӑх

тӑлӑх • (tălăh)

From Volga Bulgar. Akin to Eastern Mari тулык (tulyk), Western Mari тылык (tylyk). Cognate with Turkish dul, Kazakh тұл (tūl).


тӗнче

тӗнче • (tĕnč̬e)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar دِنيا (dinyâ). Ultimately from Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).


нарат

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нарат • (narat) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural наратсем)

From plural of Middle Mongol ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ (narasu), compare Mongolian нарс (nars).

(dialectal) pine (any coniferous tree in the genus Pinus)


лаша

лаша • (laš̬a) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural лашасем)

Compare Russian ло́шадь (lóšadʹ), Tatar алаша (alaşa, “pack horse”), dialectal лаша (laşa), Crimean Tatar alaşa (“horse”), Kazakh алаша (alaşa, “a kind of camel”).


Атӑл

Атӑл • (At̬ăl)

Related to Tatar Идел (İdel), from Old Turkic Etil/Ertil, of which the origin and meaning are unclear. Perhaps related to the hydronym Irtysh


ӑйӑр

ӑйӑр • (ăjăr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ӑйӑрсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adgïr (“stallion”).


уксах

From Proto-Turkic *agsa- (“to hobble”).
Cognate with Turkish aksak, Bashkir аҡһаҡ (aqhaq), Tatar аксак (aqsaq), Kazakh ақсақ (aqsaq), Kyrgyz аксак (aksak), Southern Altai аксак (aksak), etc.


улӑп

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улӑп • (ulăp) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural улӑпсем)

From Proto-Turkic *alp (“giant, warrior, hero”). Cognate with Turkish alp (“hero”), Kazakh алып (alyp, “giant”), Southern Altai алып (alïp, “giant”), Yakut алып (alıp, “deception, cunning, magic”).


утмӑл

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утмӑл • (utmăl)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar اَلطْمُل (altmul, “sixty”), from Proto-Turkic *altmïĺ.
Cognate with Khalaj altmış, Turkish altmış, Uzbek oltmish, and Bashkir алтмыш (altmış).


уҫ

From Proto-Turkic *ač- (“to open”). Cognates include Turkish aç-, Bashkir асыу (asıw), Kazakh ашу (aşu), Yakut ас (as).


уяр

From Proto-Turkic *ayaŕ (“clear sky; frost”). Cognate with Turkish ayaz, Kazakh аяз (aäz).


пӑхӑр

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пӑхӑр • (păh̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic *bakïr. Cognate with Turkish bakır.


пыр

пыр • (pyr) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пырсем)

From Proto-Turkic *boguŕ. Cognate with Turkish boğaz, Crimean Tatar boğaz, Turkmen bogaz, etc.


пыр

From Proto-Turkic *bar- (“to go, reach, arrive”). Cognate with Turkish var-, Kazakh бару (baru), Yakut бар (bar).


кӗҫӗн

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кӗҫӗн • (kĕś̬ĕn)

From Volga Bulgar كجن (“kiçin”), ultimately from Proto-Bulgar *kičin. Compare Hungarian kicsiny.


пиҫ

From Proto-Turkic *bïĺč- (“to ripen”). Cognate with Turkish pişmek, Azerbaijani bişmək, Bashkir бешеү (beşew), Kazakh пісу (pısu), Kyrgyz бышуу (bışuu), Yakut бус (bus).


аваллӑх

аваллӑх • (avallăh)

аваллӑх йӑлисем


аваллӑх

аваллӑх • (avallăh)


авалтан

авалтан • (avalt̬an)

Чӑвашсем авалтан Атӑл ҫинче пурӑнаҫҫӗ.

Čăvašsem avalt̬an At̬ăl ś̬inč̬e p̬urănaśśĕ.

The Chuvash have lived on the Volga from time immemorial.


аванлан

аванланса пыр

Сывлӑх аванланни палӑрмасть-ха.

Improvements in health have not yet been observed.

(intransitive) to improve, to ameliorate, to get better

Кӑмӑлӗ аванланчӗ.


аванлат

(transitive) to improve, to ameliorate, to better

ӗҫ технологине аванлат

(transitive) to refine, to perfect, to develop


аванлӑх

аванлӑх • (avanlăh)

Этеме аванлӑх илем кӳрет.

тавар аванлӑхӗ


аванмарлан

From аван (avan) + мар (mar) + -лан (-lan).

(intransitive) to spoil, go bad (of food)

Ача ют ҫынсем пуррипе аванмарланчӗ.

Ač̬a jut śyns̬em p̬urrip̬e avanmarlanč̬ĕ.

The boy is embarrassed around strangers.

to be awkward, to be embarrassed, to be shy


авӑ

авӑ ҫав

авӑ унта

Ав вут ҫунать.

(deictic, distal) Indicates something that is far away from the speaker and addressee: that, over there, yonder, yon

Авӑ мӗн чухлӗ кӗнеке.

Expresses the extent or amount of something


ҫав

ҫавӑ ҫавӑ#Chuvash


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

пӗр авӑк хушшинче

ҫав авӑкрах

авӑкран авӑка


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

авӑк куҫхарши

авӑк патак


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

юханшыв авӑкӗнче


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

авӑк ҫил


авӑклан

авӑклан • (avăklan)

Йывӑс авӑкланнӑ.

(intransitive) to bend, to curve, to crook


авӑклан

авӑклан • (avăklan)

From авӑк (avăk, “impulsive”) + -лан (-lan).

Ҫил авӑкланчӗ.

(intransitive) to strengthen, to intensify


авӑн

авӑн • (avăn)

Йывӑҫ авӑнса ӳсет.

Шыв улӑх авӑна-авӑна юхать.

(intransitive) to wriggle, to coil, to meander

(intransitive) to stoop, to bend down, to bow

Тӑшман хӗснипе ӑнмарӑмӑр.

We did not give in under pressure of the enemy.

(intransitive, figuratively) to give in, to yield, to relent


авӑн

авӑн • (avăn)

(agriculture) sheaf (bundle of grain or straw)

авӑн вӑхӑчӗ

avăn văh̬ăč̬ĕ


авӑн

авӑн • (avăn)


авӑнтар

авӑнтар • (avănt̬ar)

авӑн авӑн#Chuvash


авӑнчӑк

авӑнчӑк • (avănč̬ăk)


авӑнчӑк

авӑнчӑк • (avănč̬ăk)


-лан

-лан • (-lan) (front vowel variant -лен)

вӑй (văj, “strength”) + -лан (-lan) → вӑйлан (văjlan, “to become stronger”)

шик (šik, “fear”) + -лан (-lan) → шиклен (šiklen, “to fear”)

Forms denominal or deadjectival verbs with meaning of ‘to acquire the quality of X’


-лен

Variant of -лан (-lan) after front vowels


лашасем

лашасем • (laš̬as̬em)

лаша лаша#Chuvash


кунсем

кунсем • (kuns̬em)


ӑвӑс

ӑвӑс • (ăvăs)

Doublet of Chuvash ус (us, “candle”). From Volga Bulgar اَڤُسْ (awus).


амак

From Proto-Turkic *emgek (“bother, worry”). Compare Turkish emek (“labor, work”), Tatar имгәк (imgäk, “trouble”), Bashkir имгәк (imgək, “trouble, mutilation”) and Yakut эмэх (emeq, “rotten”).
Related to аман (aman, “to be maimed, to be wounded”).

cog

сарамак

jaundice; jaundice; yellow disease; lit.

хӑнтӑрамак

severe pain in sweat, white heat; beaver disease; lit.

cf. хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)


хурҫӑ

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хурҫӑ • (hurś̬ă) (3rd person possessive хурҫӑсем, plural хурҫӑсем)

hurś̬ă (romanization)
хурҫӑсем (possessive third-person)
хурҫӑсем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kurč (“hard, firm, stout”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur qurč (“firm, stout”);
Southern Altai курч (kurč, “steel; sharp”),
Tatar корыч (qorıç, “steel”),
Bashkir ҡорос (qoros, “steel”),
Karachay-Balkar къурч (qurç, “steel”),
Kumyk къурч (qurç, “brisk, vigorous”), etc.


тӑвӑл

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тӑвӑл • (tăvăl) (3rd person possessive сем, plural тӑвӑлсем)

tăvăl (romanization)
сем (possessive third-person)
тӑвӑлсем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tabul (“strong wind, storm”).
Cognate with;
Turkish dağıl,
Southern Altai туул (tuul),
Yakut тыал (tıal) etc.


ҫамрӑк

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ҫамрӑк • (śamrăk)

Uncertain. Loaned into Hungarian gyermek (“child”) through Old Bulgar. Cognate with Proto-Mongolic *jermegei (“young man”), itself probably borrowed from a Turkic source.
A hypothetical Proto-Turkic *yermek ~ *yermük can be reconstructed, however there are seemingly no Common Turkic cognates. Róna-Tas also suggests a connection with Proto-Turkic *yabrïg (“child of an animal”), whence ҫӑвӑр (śăvăr).,


тӳ

тӳ (canonical)
тĕв (canonical)
tü (romanization)
tĕv (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tȫg- (“to beat, crush”). Cognate with Turkish dövmek, Uzbek tuymoq, Bashkir төйөу (töyöw).


тутӑ

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тутӑ • (tut̬ă) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тутӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tātïg (“taste”). Cognate with Turkish tat, Uzbek tot, Bashkir тат (tat), Old Uyghur tʾtyx (tatïɣ).


тутӑ

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тутӑ • (tut̬ă)


сухӑр

сухӑр • (suh̬ăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sakïŕ (“gum, resin”). Cognate with Turkish sakız, Uzbek saqich, Bashkir һағыҙ (hağıź) and Yakut ыас (ıas).


сухӑр

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сухӑр • (suh̬ăr)


ҫар

ҫар or ҫарӑ • (śar or śară)

ҫар (canonical)
ҫарӑ (canonical)
śar (romanization)
śară (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čērig (“soldier, army”). Cognate with Turkish çeri. Compare also Hungarian sereg (“army”) a Bulgar borrowing.


ҫуран

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ҫуран • (śuran)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yadagïn (“on foot”) instrumental form of *yadag.
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰑𐰍 (yadaɣ), Turkish yayan, Bashkir йәйәү (yəyəw) and Yakut сатыы (satıı).


ҫула

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ҫула or ҫӑвла • (śula or śăvla)

ҫула (canonical)
ҫӑвла (canonical)
śula (romanization)
śăvla (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yalga- (“to lick”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰀 (yalɣa-), Turkish yalamak, Uzbek yalamoq, Bashkir ялау (yalaw) and Yakut салаа (salaa).


ҫула

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ҫула • (śula)

From ҫу (śu, “oil”) + -ла (-la).
Comparable to Turkish yağlamak (“to lubricate with oil”).


пушмак

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пушмак • (pušmak) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пушмаксем)

pušmak (romanization)
пушмаксем (plural)

Borrowed from a neighbouring Kipchak language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *baĺmak (“boot, shoe”).


аллӑ

аллӑ (canonical)
алӑ (canonical)
ал (canonical)
allă (romanization)
ală (romanization)
al (romanization)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar ال (ellü), from Proto-Turkic *ellig. Possibly related to алӑ (ală, “hand”).
Cognate with Khalaj əllig, Turkish elli, Uzbek ellik, and Bashkir илле (ille).


ҫитмӗл

ҫитмӗл • (śitmĕl)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar [Term?], from Proto-Turkic *yẹtmiĺ.
Cognate with Khalaj yêtmiş, Turkish yetmiş, Uzbek yetmish, and Bashkir етмеш (yetmeş).


сакӑрвуннӑ

сакӑрвуннӑ • (sak̬ărvunnă)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar سكر وان (sekir wân), from Proto-Turkic *sekiŕ ōn. Equivalent to саккӑр (sakkăr, “eight”) + вуннӑ (vunnă, “ten”).


тӑхӑрвуннӑ

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тӑхӑрвуннӑ • (tăh̬ărvunnă)

Inherited from Volga Bulgar طوخر وان (toxur wân), from Proto-Turkic *tokuŕ *ōn. By surface analysis, тӑххӑр (tăhhăr, “nine”) + вуннӑ (vunnă, “ten”).
Cognate with Turkish doksan, Uzbek toʻqson, and Bashkir туҡһан (tuqhan).


-мӗш

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-мӗш • (-mĕš)

From a compound of Proto-Turkic *-m (“ordinal suffix”) + Proto-Turkic *-inč (“ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar -مْ (-m, “ordinal suffix”) and -شِ (-şi, “ordinal suffix”).
Cognate with Khalaj -minci, Turkmen -minji (“ordinal suffix”).

пиллӗк (pillĕk, “five”) + -мӗш (-mĕš) → пиллӗкмӗш (pillĕkmĕš, “fifth”)


пӗрмӗш

пӗрмӗш or пӗрремӗш • (pĕrmĕš or pĕrremĕš)

пӗрмӗш (canonical)
пӗрремӗш (canonical)
pĕrmĕš (romanization)
pĕrremĕš (romanization)

From пӗр (pĕr, “one”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (bîrim), [script needed] (birinc, “first”).
Cognate with Turkish birinci, Uzbek birinchi, Bashkir беренсе (berense) and Yakut биирис (biiris).


ҫак

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ček- (“to pull, weigh”).
Cognate with Khalaj çəkmək, Turkish çekmek, Uzbek chekmoq and Kazakh шегу (şegu).


пелче

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пелче • (pelč̬e) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пелчесем)

Uncertain, Yegorov suggests an inheritance from Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄ĺčik (“cradle”), however this causes a phonological problem as that would have yielded something akin to пеҫӗ (peś̬ĕ). Due to this, Fedotov instead suggests a derivation from Proto-Turkic *bēle- (“to swaddle”) comparing Tatar биләүсә (biläwsä, “diaper”) from биләргә (bilärgä, “to swaddle”). Róna-Tas also states that the variations in phonology may be due to both *bẹ̄ĺčik and *bēle- influencing each other over time.


кӑвар

кӑвар • (kăvar) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑварсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫŕ (“glowing coals”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani köz, Turkish köz and Turkmen köz.


кӑвар

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кӑвар • (kăvar)


кӳршӗ

кӳршӗ or кӳрӗш • (kürš̬ĕ or kürĕš)

кӳршӗ (canonical)
кӳрӗш (canonical)
kürš̬ĕ (romanization)
kürĕš (romanization)

Borrowed from Tatar күрше (kürşe, “neighbor”).
Cognate with Bashkir күрше (kürşe) and Kazakh көрші (körşı).


кӑвакал

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кӑвакал • (kăvak̬al) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural кӑвакалсем)

kăvak̬al (romanization)
кӑвакалсем (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫkel (“drake”), equivalent to кӑвак (kăvak, “blue, grey”) + -ал (-al). Yegorov also suggested it may be from an onomatopoeia ква-ква (kva-kva), however this is considered incorrect by Eren and Fedotov.
Cognate with Turkish gövel (“green headed (of ducks)”) and Bashkir күгәл (kügəl, “drake”).


вутӑ

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вутӑ or вотӑ or вут • (vut̬ă or vot̬ă or vut)

вутӑ (canonical)
вотӑ (canonical)
вут (canonical)
vut̬ă (romanization)
vot̬ă (romanization)
vut (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōtuŋ (“firewood”) through a variant *ōtug, related to вут (vut, “fire”).
Cognate with Turkish odun, Uzbek oʻtin and Bashkir утын (utın).


чӗтре

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чӗтре • (čĕtre)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *titre- (“to quiver”).
Cognate with Turkish titremek, Uyghur [script needed] (titrimek), Kazakh тітірәу (tıtıräu) and Yakut титирээ (titiree).

inh+

(intransitive) to shake, tremble, quiver, shake


выҫ

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āč- (“to hunger”).
Cognate with Turkish acıkmak, Uzbek ochiqmoq, Bashkir асығыу (asığıw) and Yakut аас (aas).

(intransitive) to hunger, be hungry, starve


ҫухӑр

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ҫухӑр • (śuh̬ăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čākïr- (“to call out, shout”).
Cognate with Turkish çağırmak, Uzbek chaqirmoq and Kazakh шақыру (şaqyru).

inh+

(transitive) to scream, shout, squeal, creak


сурӑх

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сурӑх • (surăh) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural сурӑхсем)

→ Eastern Mari: шорык (šoryk, “sheep”)

→ Western Mari: шарык (šaryk, “sheep”)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sarïk (“sheep”).
Cognate with Bashkir һарыҡ (harıq) and Tatar сарык (sarıq).


лӗпӗ

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лӗпӗ • (lĕp̬ĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural лӗпӗсем)

Borrowed from Western Mari лыпы (lypy, “butterfly”).
Compare Eastern Mari лыве (lyve), Hungarian lepke, Estonian liblikas.


пакӑлчак

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пакӑлчак • (pak̬ălč̬ak) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural пакӑлчаксем)

pak̬ălč̬ak (romanization)
пакӑлчаксем (plural)

Borrowed from a neighbouring Kipchak language, ultimately from Proto-Common Turkic *bākačuk (“ankle”).
Cognate with Bashkir бәкәлсәй (bəkəlsəy), Kazakh бақалшақ (baqalşaq), Kyrgyz багалчак (bagalcak) and Tatar бәкәл (bäkäl).


хӗрӗ

хӗрӗ • (hĕrĕ) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural хӗрӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïdïg (“edge”).
Cognate with Turkish kıyı (“shore”) and Southern Altai куйу (kuyu, “border”).