й

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The thirteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ъ

The thirty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


щ

The thirty-first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


н

The seventeenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ш

The thirtieth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


п

The nineteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ф

The twenty-sixth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ы

The thirty-third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


з

The eleventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


р

The twentieth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


х

The twenty-seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ь

The thirty-fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


д

The sixth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


э

The thirty-fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


б

The third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


т

The twenty-third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ц

The twenty-eighth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


к

The fourteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


м

The sixteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


с

The twenty-first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ж

The tenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ч

The twenty-ninth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


л

The fifteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


в

The fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


г

The fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ю

The thirty-sixth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


е

The seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


о

The eighteenth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


и

The twelfth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


а

The first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


у

The twenty-fourth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


я

The thirty-seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ё

The eighth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ноль

ноль (canonical)
нуль (canonical)
nolʹ (romanization)
nulʹ (romanization)

Borrowed from Russian ноль (nolʹ, “zero”).


Б

The third letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


Уганда

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Меркурий

head

Меркурий • (Merk̬urij)


Андорра

Andorra (romanization)
Андоррăн (genitive)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


пут

From Proto-Turkic *bat-. Cognate with Turkish bat-, Kazakh бату (batu), Yakut бат (bat).


Азербайджан

Азербайджан • (Azerbajdžan)

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


патак

патак • (pat̬ak) (plural патаксем)

cv-noun

патак • (pat̬ak) (plural патаксем)

beating (continuous striking of another person or animal)


Огайо

Ohio (a river in the central United States)


Братислава

head

Братислава • (Brat̬islava)

Borrowed from Russian Братисла́ва (Bratisláva), from Slovak Bratislava.

Bratislava (the capital and largest city of Slovakia)


тата

тата • (tat̬a)


хула

Related to Turkish kale, ultimately from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).


кур

From Proto-Turkic *köri-, *kör- (“to see, look”).


чей

Derived from Turkic (compare Turkish çay), from Chinese 茶 (chá).


ача

ача • (ač̬a) (plural ачасем)

cv-noun

ача • (ač̬a) (plural ачасем)


-ле

-ле (canonical)
-ла (canonical)
-le (romanization)
-la (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-le- (“denominal verb forming suffix”).

inh+

ҫу (śu, “oil”) + -ле (-le) → ҫула (śula, “to smear oil”)


ак

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ek- (“to sow”). Cognate with Khalaj həkmək, Turkish ekmek, Uzbek ekmoq and Southern Altai экер (eker, “to aim at, curve”).

cog

ыраша пилӗк кунта акса хӑварчӗç

хулара пин тенкӗ акса килчӗ ― hulara p̬in t̬enk̬ĕ aksa kilč̬ĕ ― He squandered a thousand rubles in the city.


вил

From Bulgar وَل (vel, “to die”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *öl-.


тар

From Proto-Turkic *teŕ-. Cognate with Azerbaijani təzmək etc.


шоколад

head

шоколад • (šok̬olad) (plural шоколадсем)

šok̬olad (romanization)
шоколадсем (plural)

Borrowed from Russian шоколад (šokolad, “chocolate”).


юрату

jurat̬u (romanization)
юратусем (plural)


эпӗ сана юрататӑп

head

эпĕ сана юрататăп

эпĕ сана юрататăп • (epĕ sana jurat̬atăp)

эпĕ сана юрататăп (canonical)
epĕ sana jurat̬atăp (romanization)


ӗҫле

ӗҫле • (ĕśle)

From *īš-le-, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”), whence ӗҫ (ĕś, “work”). Cognate with Turkish işle-, Azerbaijani işlə-, Kazakh істеу (ısteu), etc.


эпир

эпир • (ep̬ir)

ep̬ir (romanization)
эпир (nominative)
пире (accusative dative indefinite)
пирӗн (genitive)
пирӗнпе (instrumental)
пирӗнте (locative)
пирте (locative)
пирӗнтен (ablative)
пиртен (ablative)

cv-decl-pron

пирӗнте, пирте

пирӗнтен, пиртен

From Proto-Turkic *biŕ. Cognates include Turkish biz and Bashkir беҙ (beź).


чул

From Middle Chuvash *čål, from Old Chuvash *ti̯ål, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”), whence also Khalkha Mongolian чулуу (čuluu). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš), Yakut таас (taas), Turkish taş and Tatar таш (taş).
чул (čul) reading is from the Anatri dialect, while чол (čol) reading is from the Viryal dialect.

чул чӗре

ruthlessness; heart; stone-hearted; ), lit.

cf. чӗре (čĕre


Эстони

Estoni (romanization)
Эстонин (genitive)


пар

From Proto-Turkic *bēr- (“to give”, stem). Cognate with Tatar бир- (bir-), Bashkir бир- (bir-); Turkish ver-; Yakut биэр (bier); etc.


пар

From either Proto-Turkic *bẹńŕ (“swelling, scar, ulcer”) or *ber (“gland”).
Cognate with Turkish bez (“gland”),
Azerbaijani vəzi (“gland”),
Kazakh без (bez, “gland”),
Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”),
Southern Altai бес (bes, “gland”),
Uzbek bez (“gland”),
Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”),
Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”), etc.


тестостерон

From Russian тестостеро́н (tɛstostɛrón).

bor

тестостеро́н

cv:тестостерон


урам

From a Kipchak Turkic language, compare Tatar урам (uram).


ял

→ Eastern Mari: ял (jal)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgïl.
Cognate with
Kazakh ауыл (auyl),
Karakalpak аўыл (awıl),
Karachay-Balkar ауул (awul),
Tatar авыл (awıl), Kyrgyz айыл (ayıl),
Khakas, Shor аал (aal) and Turkish ağıl, etc.


ял

From Volga Bulgar يال (yēl), Proto-Turkic *ēl.


пир

Ultimately derived from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰕 (böz), Southern Altai бӧс (bös, “fabric, cloth”), Karakhanid بُوزْ (bȫz), Chagatai بوز (böz), Uyghur بۆز (böz), Turkish bez, Turkmen biz.
The doublet пӳс (püs) (“calico”) has the same origin, but it was borrowed into Chuvash either from Crimean Tatar böz or from Bashkir бөз (böz).


пус

From Persian پوست (“skin, hide, pelt”). Compare Turkish post.


пус

From Proto-Turkic *bas-. Cognate with Turkish bas-, Kazakh басу (basu), Yakut баттаа (battaa), etc.

to incubate, to hatch (an egg) (of birds)

мана ыйхă пусать

(impersonal, figurative) to overcome, to overpower

to dig, to dig up, to loosen up (the soil)


авари

ҫул ҫинчи авари


Эрмени

Ermeni (romanization)
Эрменин (genitive)

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


ҫыр

From Proto-Turkic *yạŕ- (“to write”). Related to Turkish yazmak.

кӑранташпа ҫыр

ҫыру ҫыр


кут

(geography) foot (of a mountain or a hill)


ту

From late Middle Chuvash: *tu, from earlier Middle Chuvash: *tai̯, from Old Chuvash: *tåw, from Proto-Oghuric *taɣ, from Proto-Turkic *tāg.


ту

From Volga Bulgar طن (tan). Unclear relation with Tatar туу (tuwu).


тул

to pass, to go by, to elapse, to slip by (of time)


ара

From Proto-Turkic *ede, *ide.
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (idi).


ашак

head

ашак • (aš̬ak)

According to Fedotov and Yegorov directly inhereted from Proto-Turkic *eĺčgek (“donkey”), however Eren suggests that it should be considered a borrowing from Tatar ишәк (işäk, “donkey”) rather than direct inheritance.


кан

Perhaps borrowed from another Turkic language as it did not follow the change in vowels occurred in Chuvash. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kān- (“to be satisfied”). Cognate with Turkish kan- (“to be contented, satisfied”).


куян

Borrowed from Tatar куян (quyan, “hare”) ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kodan (“hare”). According to Fedotov, Yegorov and Räsänen, Eastern Mari мераҥ (meraŋ) and Western Mari морен (moren) are compounds and the second part of the word was borrowed from the native variant of the word, *хуран (*huran). See also морен (moren).
Cognate with Uzbek quyon, Bashkir ҡуян (quyan) and Tuvan кодан (kodan).


пыл

From Proto-Turkic *bạl (“honey”). Cognate with Turkish bal.


аман

From Proto-Turkic *emge- (“to suffer”). Related to амак (amak, “illness”).


шапа

head

шапа • (šap̬a) (plural шапасем)

cv-noun

шапа • (šap̬a) (plural шапасем)

Borrowed from Russian жа́ба (žába, “toad”).


местоимени

From Russian местоимение (mestoimenije).


ҫӑлтӑр

head

ҫӑлтӑр • (śălt̬ăr) (plural ҫӑлтӑрсем)

cv-noun

ҫӑлтӑр • (śălt̬ăr) (plural ҫӑлтӑрсем)

śălt̬ăr (romanization)
ҫӑлтӑрсем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yulduŕ (“star”). 'ҫтӑр' is the conglomerated form of 'ҫӑл' + 'тӑр'. See cognates at the Proto Turkic entry, compare also Turkish yıldırım.


хур

From Proto-Turkic *kāŕ, compare Turkish kaz.


пӗр

пӗр (canonical)
пӗрре (canonical)
pĕr (romanization)
pĕrre (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar بىر (bîr, “one”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Cognate with Khalaj bî, Turkish bir, Uzbek bir, Bashkir бер (ber) and Yakut биир (biir).


сӗт

Cognate with Turkish süt; see that page for more.


чӗлхе

head

чӗлхе • (čĕlh̬e) (plural чӗлхесем)

cv-noun

чӗлхе • (čĕlh̬e) (plural чӗлхесем)


мӑй

From Proto-Turkic *bōń (“neck”). Cognate with Turkish boyun.


кӑмпа

head

кӑмпа • (kămp̬a) (plural кӑмпасем)

cv-noun

кӑмпа • (kămp̬a) (plural кӑмпасем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kömbe, most likely a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *gǫba. Cognate with Azerbaijani göbələk, Turkmen kömelek and Tatar гөмбә (gömbä).


сахӑр

head

сахӑр • (sah̬ăr) (plural сахӑрсем)

cv-noun

сахӑр • (sah̬ăr) (plural сахӑрсем)


уй

From Proto-Turkic *ōy- (“to pick, peck, carve”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (oy-, “to hollow sth. out”), Turkish oyuk, Azerbaijani oymaq (“to carve, excavate”), Bashkir уйыу (uyıw, “to hollow”), Kazakh ою (oü, “to etch”), Kyrgyz оюу (oyuu, “to ornament, etch”), Southern Altai ойор (oyor, “to pierce”), Turkmen oýmak (“to carve”), Uzbek oʻymoq (“to carve”).


Куба

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


ҫумӑр

head

ҫумӑр • (śumăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yagmur (“rain”); equivalent to ҫу (śu, “to rain”) + -мӑр (-măr).
Cognate with Turkish yağmur, Uzbek yomgʻir, Bashkir ямғыр (yamğır) and Yakut самыыр (samıır).


ура

From Proto-Turkic *adak.
Cognate with Turkish ayak, Kazakh аяқ (aäq), etc.


туп

From Proto-Turkic *tăp- (“to find”). Cognate with Azerbaijani tapmaq.


ил

to charge, collect, to levy, to take monies (in forms of taxes, payments, duties, tariffs, and fines)

тыткӑна ил

хулана ил


кас

From Proto-Turkic *kes- (“to cut”). Cognate with Chuvash kes- (“to cut”).

to strive, to long, to be dying to (to do something)


ан

ан кай унта!


ӳсентӑран

head

ӳсентӑран • (üs̬ent̬ăran)

plant (organism capable of photosynthesis)


кам

kam (romanization)
кам (nominative singular)
камсем (nominative plural)
кама (singular)
камсене (plural)
камӑн (genitive singular)
камсенӗн (genitive plural)
кампа (instrumental singular)
камсемпе (instrumental plural)
камта (locative singular)
камсенче (locative plural)
камтан (ablative singular)
камсенчен (ablative plural)
камсӑр (abessive singular)
камсемсӗр (abessive plural)
камшӑн (causative singular)
камсеншӗн (causative plural)

From Volga Bulgar [script needed] (kem), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem. Cognates include Turkish kim and Bashkir кем (kem).


Албани

Albani (romanization)
Албанин (genitive)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


кашкӑр

кашкӑр • (kaškăr) (plural кашкӑрсем)

cv-noun

кашкӑр • (kaškăr) (plural кашкӑрсем)

kaškăr (romanization)
кашкӑрсем (plural)

Cognate with Kazakh қасқыр (qasqyr, “wolf”), Kyrgyz карышкыр (karışkır, “wolf”).


тилӗ

head

тилӗ • (tilĕ) (plural тилӗсем)

cv-noun

тилӗ • (tilĕ) (plural тилӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tilkü.
Cognate with Khalaj tilkü, Turkish tilki, Uzbek tulki, Bashkir төлкө (tölkö) and Tuvan дилги (dilgi).


ӗне

Related to Turkish inek, from Proto-Turkic *in-gek (“cow”).


шӑмӑ

head

шӑмӑ • (šămă) (plural шӑмӑсем)

cv-noun

шӑмӑ • (šămă) (plural шӑмӑсем)


пӗлӗт

head

пӗлӗт • (pĕlĕt) (plural пӗлӗтсем)

cv-noun

пӗлӗт • (pĕlĕt) (plural пӗлӗтсем)

Related to Turkish bulut and Yakut пылыт (pılıt), from Proto-Turkic *bulït.


тумлам

head

тумлам • (tumlam) (plural тумламсем)

cv-noun

тумлам • (tumlam) (plural тумламсем)

tumlam (romanization)
тумламсем (plural)


тӗтӗм

head

тӗтӗм • (tĕt̬ĕm) (plural тӗтӗмсем)

cv-noun

тӗтӗм • (tĕt̬ĕm) (plural тӗтӗмсем)


пӳрне

head

пӳрне • (pürne) (plural пӳрнесем)

cv-noun

пӳрне • (pürne) (plural пӳрнесем)


юханшыв

head

юханшыв • (juh̬anš̬yv) (plural юханшывсем)

juh̬anš̬yv (romanization)
юханшывсем (plural)

From юхан (juh̬an, “flowing”) + шыв (šyv, “water”). Compare Turkish akarsu (“stream”, literally “flowing water”).


ҫил

From Proto-Turkic *yẹl. Cognate with Turkish yel.


-а

пӑх (păh, “to look”) + -а (-a) → пӑха (păh̬a, “supervisor”)

пӑр (păr, “to turn”) + -а (-a) → пӑра (păra, “drill”)

Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed

вит (vit, “to cover”) + -а (-a) → вите (vit̬e, “stable”)

ҫарат (śarat, “to clear”) + -а (-a) → ҫарата (śarat̬a, “meadow”)


-а

ҫӳҫ (śüś, “hair”) + -а (-a) → ҫӳҫе (śüś̬e, “fringe”)

мӑй (măj, “neck”) + -а (-a) → мӑя (măja, “necklace”)


ама

From Proto-Turkic *ene (“mother”). Compare анне (anne) and амӑшӗ (amăš̬ĕ), all three synonymous forms descending from the same Proto-Turkic root.


ят

эсӗ мӗн ятлӑ


юл

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kāl- (“to remain”).
Cognate with Khalaj qâlmaq, Turkish kalmak, Uzbek qolmoq, Bashkir ҡалыу (qalıw) and Yakut хаал (qaal).


кӳкӗрт

head

кӳкӗрт • (kük̬ĕrt)


вир

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üyür (“millet”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur ʾwywr (üyür) and Tatar өйрә (öyrä).


вир

вир (canonical)
вире (canonical)
vir (romanization)
vire (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫrü (“high, height; upward”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur ʾwyrw (örü), Tatar үр (ür) and Yakut өрө (örö).


вир

Unknown, possibly from Western Mari вир (vir, “goal”) if not the other way around.


ут

From Proto-Turkic *at (“horse”). Cognate with Turkish at, Azerbaijani at, Turkmen at, Bashkir ат (at), Tatar ат (at), Kazakh ат (at), Kyrgyz ат (at), Yakut ат (at).


ут

From Proto-Turkic *āt- (“to walk”). Cognate with Turkish adım (“step”), Tatar адым (adım, “step”), Kazakh адым (adym, “step”).


сарӑ

head

сарӑ • (sară)

Borrowed from Tatar сары (sarı, “yellow”). The native word from the same root is шурӑ (šură, “white”).


пӗрре

пӗрре • (pĕrre)


иккӗ

иккӗ • (ikkĕ)

Inherited from Bulgar اك (eki, “two”), from Proto-Turkic *ẹk(k)i (“two”).

ref

Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 20

Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “иккӗ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 162-163

Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “иккӗ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 67-68


тӑваттӑ

head

тӑваттӑ or тӑватӑ or тӑват • (tăvattă or tăvat̬ă or tăvat)

тӑваттӑ (canonical)
тӑватӑ (canonical)
тӑват (canonical)
tăvattă (romanization)
tăvat̬ă (romanization)
tăvat (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar تُوات (tüwet, “four”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *tȫrt (“four”).
Cognate with Khalaj tö̂rt, Turkish dört, Uzbek toʻrt, Bashkir дүрт (dürt) and Yakut түөрт (tüört).


виҫҫӗ

head

виҫҫӗ or виҫӗ or виҫ • (viśśĕ or viś̬ĕ or viś)

виҫҫӗ (canonical)
виҫӗ (canonical)
виҫ (canonical)
viśśĕ (romanization)
viś̬ĕ (romanization)
viś (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar وج (weç, “three”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *üč (“three”).
Cognate with Khalaj ü̂ç, Turkish üç, Uzbek uch, Bashkir өс (ös) and Yakut үс (üs).


пиллӗк

пиллӗк (canonical)
пилӗк (canonical)
pillĕk (romanization)
pilĕk (romanization)

[ˈpʲilʲːɘkʲ]

Inherited from Bulgar بيال (biyel, “five”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄ĺ (“five”).
Cognate with Khalaj bêş, Turkish beş, Karakhanid بٖيشْ (bḗš, “five”), Uzbek besh, Bashkir биш (biş), Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱁 (béš, “five”) and Yakut биэс (bies).


сахал

head

сахал • (sah̬al)


мӗн

mĕn (romanization)
мӗн (nominative singular)
мӗнсем (nominative plural)
мӗне (singular)
мӗнсене (plural)
мӗнӗн (genitive singular)
мӗнсенӗн (genitive plural)
мӗнпе (instrumental singular)
мӗнсемпе (instrumental plural)
мӗнре (locative singular)
мӗнсенче (locative plural)
мӗнрен (ablative singular)
мӗнсенчен (ablative plural)
мӗнсӗр (abessive singular)
мӗнсенсӗр (abessive plural)
мӗншӗн (causative singular)
мӗнсеншӗн (causative plural)

From Proto-Turkic *nē-. Cognates include Turkish ne and Bashkir ни (ni).


эпӗ

эпӗ • (ep̬ĕ)

ep̬ĕ (romanization)
эпӗ (nominative)
мана (accusative dative indefinite)
манӑн (genitive)
ман (genitive)
манпа (instrumental)
манра (locative)
манран (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ (“I”), whence also *ben. Cognates include Turkish ben (“I”) and Tuvan мен (men).


тинӗс

тинӗс • (tinĕs) (plural тинӗссем)

cv-noun

тинӗс • (tinĕs) (plural тинӗссем)

tinĕs (romanization)
тинӗссем (plural)
тинӗс (nominative singular)
тинӗссем (nominative plural)
тинӗсе (singular)
тинӗссене (plural)
тинӗсӗн (genitive singular)
тинӗссенĕн (genitive plural)
тинӗспе (instrumental singular)
тинӗссемпе (instrumental plural)
тинӗсре (locative singular)
тинӗссенче (locative plural)
тинӗсрен (ablative singular)
тинӗссенчен (ablative plural)
тинӗссӗр (abessive singular)
тинӗссэнсӗр (abessive plural)
тинӗсшӗн (causative singular)
тинӗссэншӗн (causative plural)

Borrowed from a neighbouring Kipchak language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *teŋiŕ. Compare Hungarian tenger (“sea”), a borrowing from a native Bulgar variant.
Cognate with Turkish deniz, Uzbek dengiz and Bashkir диңгеҙ (diñgeź).


ӗ

The ninth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ӳ

The twenty-fifth letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ҫ

The twenty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ӑ

The second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


сур

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sōd- (“to spit”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur swd (sod-, “to spit”).

inh+

(transitive) to soak (to penetrate or permeate by saturation)

(transitive) to spout, to regurgitate (of a bonfire spouting sparks or of an erupting volcano)


ылтӑн

head

ылтӑн • (ylt̬ăn) (plural ылтӑнсем)

cv-noun

ылтӑн • (ylt̬ăn) (plural ылтӑнсем)

Related to Turkish altın, from Proto-Turkic *altun.


Бельги

head

Бельги • (Belʹgi)

Belʹgi (romanization)
Бельгин (genitive)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Австри

Avstri (romanization)
Австрин (genitive)


Болгари

Bolgari (romanization)
Болгарин (genitive)

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Армени

Armeni (romanization)
Арменин (genitive)


Беларуҫ

Беларуҫ • (Belaruś)

Borrowed from Russian Белару́сь (Belarúsʹ).


шыв

Inherited from Bulgar شو (şıv) itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *sïb ~ *sub.
Cognate with Khalaj suv, Turkish su, Uzbek suv, Bashkir һыу (hıw) and Yakut уу (uu).


Венгри

Borrowed from Russian Ве́нгрия (Véngrija), from Polish Węgry.


ака

head

ака • (ak̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *ekin, see the verb ак (ak).


икӗ

икӗ • (ik̬ĕ)

иккӗ иккӗ#Chuvash


виҫҫӗмӗш

виҫҫӗмӗш • (viśśĕmĕš)

From виҫҫӗ (viśśĕ, “three”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (wecim, “third”).
Cognate with Khalaj ü̂çminci, Turkish üçüncü, Uzbek uchinchi, Bashkir өсөнсө (ösönsö) and Yakut үһүс (ühüs).

suf

Вӑл килйышри виҫҫӗмӗш ывӑл.


улттӑмӗш

head

улттӑмӗш • (ulttămĕš)

From улттӑ (ulttă, “six”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (altış), [script needed] (altışi, “sixth”).
Cognate with Khalaj altamıncı, Turkish altıncı, Uzbek oltinchi, Bashkir алтынсы (altınsı) and Yakut алтыс (altıs).


пӗрремӗш

head

пӗрремӗш • (pĕrremĕš)

пӗрмӗш пӗрмӗш#Chuvash


пиллӗкмӗш

пиллӗкмӗш • (pillĕkmĕš)

From пиллӗк (pillĕk, “five”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (biyelim), [script needed] (béş), [script needed] (bélinc), [script needed] (bélinci, “fifth”).
Cognate with Khalaj bêşminci, Turkish beşinci, Uzbek beshinchi, Bashkir бишенсе (bişense) and Yakut бэһис (behis).

suf

пиллӗкмӗш пайӗ


ҫиччӗмӗш

head

ҫиччӗмӗш • (śiččĕmĕš)

From ҫиччӗ (śiččĕ, “seven”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (ciyetiş, “seventh”).
Cognate with Khalaj yîettiminci, Turkish yedinci, Uzbek yettinchi, Bashkir етенсе (yetense) and Yakut сэттис (settis).


тӑваттӑмӗш

head

тӑваттӑмӗш • (tăvattămĕš)

From тӑваттӑ (tăvattă, “four”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (tüwetim, “fourth”).
Cognate with Khalaj tö̂rtminci, Turkish dördüncü, Uzbek toʻrtinchi, Bashkir дүртенсе (dürtense) and Yakut төрдүс (tördüs).

cog

тӑваттӑмӗш бригада


тӑххӑрмӗш

head

тӑххӑрмӗш • (tăhhărmĕš)

From тӑххӑр (tăhhăr, “nine”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”).
Cognate with Khalaj toqquzmıncı, Turkish dokuzuncu, Uzbek toʻqqizinchi, Bashkir туғыҙынсы (tuğıźınsı) and Yakut тохсус (toqsus).

cog

Bashkir туғыҙынсы (tuğıźınsı)


саккӑрмӗш

head

саккӑрмӗш • (sakkărmĕš)

From саккӑр (sakkăr, “eight”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”).
Cognate with Khalaj səkkizminci, Turkish sekizinci, Uzbek sakkizinchi, Bashkir һигеҙенсе (higeźense) and Yakut ахсыс (aqsıs).


вуннӑмӗш

head

вуннӑмӗш • (vunnămĕš)

From вуннӑ (vunnă, “ten”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (wânım, “tenth”).
Cognate with Khalaj ônminci, Turkish onuncu, Uzbek oʻninchi, Bashkir унынсы (unınsı) and Yakut онус (onus).


улттӑ

head

улттӑ or ултӑ or улт • (ulttă or ult̬ă or ult)

улттӑ (canonical)
ултӑ (canonical)
улт (canonical)
ulttă (romanization)
ult̬ă (romanization)
ult (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar الط (altı, “six”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *altï (“six”).
Cognate with Khalaj alta, Turkish altı, Uzbek olti, Bashkir алты (altı) and Yakut алта (alta).


тӑххӑр

head

тӑххӑр or тӑхӑр • (tăhhăr or tăh̬ăr)

тӑххӑр (canonical)
тӑхӑр (canonical)
tăhhăr (romanization)
tăh̬ăr (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar طخر (toxur, “nine”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *tokuŕ (“nine”).
Cognate with Khalaj toqquz, Turkish dokuz, Uzbek toʻqqiz, Bashkir туғыҙ (tuğıź) and Yakut тоҕус (toğus).


вуннӑ

head

вуннӑ or вунӑ or вун • (vunnă or vună or vun)

вуннӑ (canonical)
вунӑ (canonical)
вун (canonical)
vunnă (romanization)
vună (romanization)
vun (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar وان (wân, “ten”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).
Cognate with Khalaj ôn, Turkish on, Uzbek on, Bashkir ун (un) and Yakut уон (uon).


саккӑр

саккӑр or сакӑр • (sakkăr or sak̬ăr)

саккӑр (canonical)
сакӑр (canonical)
sakkăr (romanization)
sak̬ăr (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar ڛَكِڔ (sekir, “eight”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *sekiŕ.
Cognate with Khalaj səkkiz, Turkish sekiz, Uzbek sakkiz, Bashkir һигеҙ (higeź) and Yakut аҕыс (ağıs).


ҫиччӗ

head

ҫиччӗ or ҫичӗ or ҫич • (śiččĕ or śič̬ĕ or śič)

ҫиччӗ (canonical)
ҫичӗ (canonical)
ҫич (canonical)
śiččĕ (romanization)
śič̬ĕ (romanization)
śič (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar جىات (cyēti, “seven”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹt(t)i (“seven”).
Cognate with Khalaj yêtti, Turkish yedi, Uzbek yetti, Bashkir ете (yete) and Yakut сэттэ (sette).


иккӗмӗш

head

иккӗмӗш • (ikkĕmĕš)

From иккӗ (ikkĕ, “two”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (ekiş), [script needed] (ikişi, “second”).
Cognate with Khalaj əkkiminci, Turkish ikinci, Uzbek ikkinchi, Bashkir икенсе (ikense) and Yakut иккис (ikkis).


Ӳ

The twenty-third letter of the Chuvash alphabet


Ӗ

The ninth letter of the Chuvash alphabet


Ӑ

The second letter of the Chuvash alphabet


кала

Possibly inherited from Proto-Turkic *kele- (“to say”), however such a verb is very poorly attested and it instead may be a borrowing from Mongolic *kelele- (“to speak”).
Cognate with Salar kele and Tatar кэлеу (kelew); compare also Mongolian хэлэх (xelex).

inh+

(transitive) to deliver (a speech, a toast, etc.)

(transitive) to play, perform (on a musical instrument)

(transitive) to be enough (of spices in a dish)


какай

head

какай • (kak̬aj) (plural какайсем)

cv-noun

какай • (kak̬aj) (plural какайсем)

Borrowed from Tatar кәкәй (käkäy, “meat”) ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ (ɣaqai, “pig”). According to Yegorov, it originally meant pork then later expanded into meat in general.


ав

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eg- (“to bend”).
Cognate with Turkish eğmek (“to bend”), Azerbaijani əymək (“to bend, tilt”), Bashkir эйеү (eyew, “to bend”), Kazakh ию (iü, “to bend”), Kyrgyz ийүү (iyüü, “to bend”), Southern Altai ийер (iyer, “to bend”), Turkmen egmek (“to bend, bow”), Tuvan ээр (eer, “to bend, wrap”), Uzbek egmoq (“to fold, bend”), Yakut иэх (ieq, “to bend”).

inh+

турат ав

(transitive) to bend, to curve, to crook

авнӑ пукан

Нумай калаҫрӑм, ҫапах аврӑм ӑна.

I talked a lot, yet still persuaded her.

(transitive) to persuade, to convince (someone to do something)

Туслӑха нимӗнле вӑй та авайман.

(transitive, figuratively) to break, to overcome


кил

From Proto-Turkic *kül. Cognate with Turkish and Azerbaijani -gil (“someone's home or family”), Yakut күүлэ (küüle, “entrance hall”).


кил

манран килмен сӑлтавсем

ӗҫ санран килет


салам

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Compare Turkish selam (“hello”).

bor+

Пурне те хӗрӳллӗ салам!


салам

салам яр

Салам алейккӗм!


аван

Uncertain however there are a few theories:
# According to Yegorov borrowed from Persian آبادان (âbâdân), compare Uyghur [script needed] (obdan, “good”).
# According to Fedotov borrowed from Arabic أَمَان (ʔamān, “safety, peace”).
# Yegorov and Fedotov also suggests it may be derived from Proto-Turkic *ab-, the root of *abïn- (“to console oneself”) and *abït- (“to console”), compare Old Turkic [script needed] (abïnïq, “consolation”), Khakas абыт- (abıt-, “to lull, to spend time”) and Turkish avunmak (“to cope”).
# EDAL accepts Turkish evet as a cognate and reconstructs a hypothetical Proto-Turkic *ebe-, however such a root is unattested and is not reconstructed outside of EDAL.

cog

аван ҫын

аван мар ӗҫ

пит аван

аван сасӑ


аван

Аван вӗренет.

Калча аван шӑтнӑ.


аван

Аван, эп хатӗр!


шурӑ

head

шурӑ • (šură)

From Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). Compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”). Doublet of сарӑ (sară, “yellow, blond”).


тум

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōn (“clothing”).
Cognate with Khalaj tôn, Turkish don, Bashkir тун (tun) and Tuvan тон (ton).


юр

From an earlier *xur, from Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”). Cognate with Turkish kar.


вула

According to Jegorov, grown with prothetic в- (v-) from ула (ula, “to howl, cry”), "the illiterate Chuvash equating reading to howling". The latter is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūlï- and is cognate with Turkish ulumak, Azerbaijani ulamaq.
Alternatively, according to Fedotov, cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (ula-, “to connect”): typologically compare German lesen (“to gather; to read”).


Швейцари

head

Швейцари • (Švejtsari)

Borrowed from Russian Швейца́рия (Švejcárija).

bor+

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


сак

From Proto-Turkic *sekü (“stone bench, stage, dais”).


ывӑл

head

ывӑл • (yvăl) (plural ывӑлсем)

cv-noun

ывӑл • (yvăl) (plural ывӑлсем)

From Bulgar اَول (avıl), from Proto-Turkic *ogul.


хваттер

head

хваттер • (hvatter) (plural хваттерсем)

cv-noun

хваттер • (hvatter) (plural хваттерсем)

hvatter (romanization)
хваттерсем (plural)

Borrowed from Russian квартира (kvartira).


хыпар

head

хыпар • (hyp̬ar)

Ultimately from Arabic. Compare also Turkish haber.


тӗрт

тӗрт • (tĕrt)


пӗтӗм

пӗтӗм • (pĕt̬ĕm)

Related to Turkish bütün, from Old Turkic bütün.


вырӑс

вырӑс • (vyrăs)


юрат

Related to Tatar ярату (yaratu), from *jar(at).


урпа

урпа • (urp̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *arpa (“barley”). Cognate with Turkish arpa.


юх

From Proto-Turkic *iak- (“to flow”). Related to Turkish akmak.


урапа

урапа • (urap̬a)


кантӑр

кантӑр • (kant̬ăr)


ӳс

Related to Tatar үсү (üsü), from Old Turkic ös-.


качака

качака • (kač̬ak̬a)


арӑслан

арӑслан • (arăslan) (plural арӑслансем)

cv-noun

арӑслан • (arăslan) (plural арӑслансем)

arăslan (romanization)
арӑслансем (plural)

Related to Turkish aslan, from Old Turkic arslan. Kipchak form replaced original Chuvash-Bulgharic one: услан, that's related to Russian: уруслан, руслан and Hungarian oroszlán.


ҫур

From Proto-Turkic *yāŕ. Cognate with Turkish yaz (“summer”).


ҫур

Form Proto-Turkic *yār-. Cognate with Turkish yarmak.


ҫур

ҫур ҫул


тӗрӗк

head

тӗрӗк • (tĕrĕk)

Learned borrowing from Turkish. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥) and Hungarian török.


хӗр

From Volga Bulgar هير (hîr), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kï̄ŕ (“girl, woman”). Cognate with Turkish kız, Old Turkic 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (qïz).


тӗве

тӗве • (tĕve)


ҫӑкӑр

ҫӑкӑр • (śăk̬ăr)


ӗҫ

From Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work, deed”). Cognate to Turkish iş.


ӗҫ

From Proto-Turkic *ič- (“to drink”). Cognate to Turkish iç-.


тырӑ

тырӑ • (tyră)

Related to Turkish darı, from Old Turkic tarıg.


ултав

ултав • (ult̬av)

Related to Turkish aldatmak, from Middle Turkic al.


тӑлмач

тӑлмач • (tălmač)

Borrowed from Tatar тилмач (tilmaç), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tilmač. Compare чӗлхе (čĕlh̬e), from the same root.
Cognate with
Azerbaijani dilmanc ,
Kazakh тілмаш (tılmaş),
Kyrgyz тилмеч (tilmec),
Pecheneg tilmaç,
Uzbek tilmoch,
Turkish dilmaç etc.


ҫӑмарта

ҫӑмарта • (śămart̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *yumurtka (“egg”).
Cognate with
Tatar йомырка (yomırka),
Turkish yumurta (“egg”), etc.
See йомортҡа (yomortqa) for more cognates.


ҫимӗҫ

ҫимӗҫ • (śimĕś)

Related to Turkish yemiş, from Proto-Turkic *yẹ̄miĺč.


тӑвар

тӑвар • (tăvar)

From Proto-Turkic *tūŕ, compare Yakut туус (tuus).


тӗнӗл

тӗнӗл • (tĕnĕl)

Related to Turkish dingil, from Proto-Turkic *teŋgel.


тӑрна

тӑрна • (tărna) (plural тӑрнасем)

cv-noun

тӑрна • (tărna) (plural тӑрнасем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *turńa (“crane”).
Cognate with Turkish turna, Bashkir торна (torna) and Yakut туруйа (turuya).


сухал

head

сухал • (suh̬al)

Related to Turkish sakal, from Old Turkic sakal.


мӑкӑнь

мӑкӑнь • (măk̬ănʹ)


хӑрӑм

хӑрӑм • (hărăm)

From Proto-Turkic *kurum (“soot”).
Cognate with Bashkir ҡором (qorom),
Turkish kurum (“soot”).


хӑмла

хӑмла • (hămla)

From Proto-Turkic *kumlak, see there for further origin.
Compare Tatar колмак (qolmaq) and Bashkir ҡомалаҡ (qomalaq).


ыраш

ыраш • (yraš)


хӑнтӑр

хӑнтӑр • (hănt̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver; otter”).
Compare to Turkish kunduz, Bashkir ҡондоҙ (qondoź).


кӗлте

кӗлте • (kĕlt̬e)

From Old Turkic *kül-tä. Cognate to Southern Altai кӱлте (külte, “reserve”), etc.


кӗмӗл

кӗмӗл • (kĕmĕl) (plural кӗмӗлсем)

cv-noun

кӗмӗл • (kĕmĕl) (plural кӗмӗлсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kümüĺ ~ *gümüĺ (“silver”). Related to Turkish gümüş and Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐱁 (kümüš).


шур

From Proto-Turkic *siaŕ (“yellowish white”). Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ساز (saz, “yellow”), also Kyrgyz саз өңдүү (saz öŋdüü).

cog

Kyrgyz саз өңдүү (saz öŋdüü)


шур

Kyrgyz саз өңдүү (saz öŋdüü)


супӑнь

head

супӑнь • (sup̬ănʹ)


тулли

Related to Turkish dolu, from Old Turkic tolu.


шӑна

шӑна • (šăna) (plural шӑнасем)

cv-noun

шӑна • (šăna) (plural шӑнасем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *siŋek (“fly”) through a variant *siŋeg ~ *sïŋag.
Cognate with Turkish sinek and Tuvan сээк (seek). Compare also Hungarian szúnyog, a Bulgar borrowing.


укҫа

head

укҫа • (ukśa)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Morphologically ук (uk) + -ҫа (-śa). Cognate with
Tatar акча (aqça),
Bashkir аҡса (aqsa),
Kyrgyz акча (akca),
Kazakh ақша (aqşa),
Southern Altai акча (akča),
Kumyk акъча (aqça),
Karachay-Balkar ахча (axça),
Crimean Tatar aqça,
Turkish akçe,
Khakas ахча (axça),
Shor ақча,
Tuvan акша (akşa), etc.


ҫывӑр

ҫывӑр • (śyvăr)


ҫурта

ҫурта • (śurt̬a)


ампар

ампар • (amp̬ar)

Related to Turkish ambar, from Old Turkic ambar.


атте

Related to Turkish ata, from Old Turkic ata.


ҫурла

ҫурла • (śurla)


анне

From Proto-Turkic *ene (“mother”). Compare ама (ama) and амӑшӗ (amăš̬ĕ), all three synonymous forms descending from the same Proto-Turkic root.


авӑр

авӑр • (avăr) (plural авӑрсем)

cv-noun

авӑр • (avăr) (plural авӑрсем)

Derived from ав (av, “to bend”) + ӑр (ăr).

ҫӗҫӗ аври

хӑяр аври

пӗр авӑр ҫӗрулми

кӑшман аври

(botany) greens, leaves (of a vegetable)


авӑр

head

авӑр • (avăr) (plural авӑрсем)

cv-noun

авӑр • (avăr) (plural авӑрсем)

авӑра пут


авӑр

head

авӑр • (avăr)

(intransitive) to spin, to whirl (of water in a whirlpool)


ӳсӗр

ӳсӗр • (üs̬ĕr)

From Proto-Turkic *üskür- (“to cough”). Cognate with Turkish öksür- (“to cough”).


ӳпке

ӳпке • (üpke)

From Proto-Turkic *öpke (“lung(s)”).
Related to Kyrgyz өпкө (öpkö).


вӑкӑр

вӑкӑр • (văk̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic *öküŕ. Cognate with Turkish öküz.


аппа

From Proto-Turkic *apa (“elder sister, aunt”). Related to Tatar apa, Turkish abla.


ӳт

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *et (“meat”).
The archaic sense "meat" is preserved in the Viryal dialect as set phrases ӳт шӳрпи (üt šürp̬i, “meat broth”) and ӳте кӗр (üt̬e k̬ĕr, “to break fast”) (lit. "to enter into meat").

Native American (lit. 'Red-skinned ones'); Amerindian, Native American; red, scarlet

Хĕрлĕ Ӳтли (cf. хӗрлӗ, Turkish Kızılderili

(archaic, obsolete), (survives in Viryal dialect) meat, flesh of animals


апат

head

апат • (ap̬at)


вӑрӑ

вӑрӑ • (vără)


вӑрӑ

вӑрӑ • (vără)


ӑс

Related to Turkish us, from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).


сӑрӑ

сӑрӑ • (sără)


сӑра

сӑра • (săra)

Borrowing from an Iranian language, compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *súrā. Cognate with Hungarian sör.


ӗнчӗ

ӗнчӗ • (ĕnč̬ĕ)

Inherited from Bulgar *ǯinǯü (whence also Old East Slavic жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ) and Hungarian gyöngy), from Common Turkic *yinǯü (whence also Old Turkic 𐰖𐰅𐰨𐰇 (yénčü), Kazakh інжу (ınju), Turkish inci etc.), from Middle Chinese 珍珠 (ʈˠiɪn t͡ɕɨo), 真珠 (t͡ɕiɪn t͡ɕɨo, “true pearls”), whence also Mandarin 珍珠 (zhēnzhū).


чӑх

чӑх • (čăh) (plural чӑхсем)

cv-noun

чӑх • (čăh) (plural чӑхсем)

From Proto-Turkic *tiakïgu (“hen, fowl”), cognate to Hungarian tyúk, Turkish tavuk.


выр

From Proto-Turkic *or- (“to mow”). Cognate with Kazakh ору (oru).


тимӗр

head

тимӗр • (timĕr)

Related to Turkish demir, from Proto-Turkic *temür.


пин

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bïŋ (“thousand”).
Cognate with Khalaj ming, Turkish bin, Uzbek ming and Bashkir мең (meñ).


эрне

Inherited from Bulgar ايرنى (êrne) itself borrowed from Persian آدینه (âdine, “friday”).
Cognate with Turkmen anna, Uyghur ئازنا (azna) and Bashkir аҙна (aźna).


вут

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Cognate with Khalaj hôt, Turkish od, Uzbek oʻt, Bashkir ут (ut) and Yakut уот (uot).


турӑ

head

турӑ • (tură) (plural турӑсем)

cv-noun

турӑ • (tură) (plural турӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋri ~ *taŋrï (“sky; god”) through a variant *tegri ~ *tagrï. Attested in Danube Bulgar as ΤΑΓΓΡΑ (taŋra).
Cognate with Turkish tanrı, Uzbek tangri, Bashkir тәңре (təñre) and Yakut таҥара (tañara).


хурал

From Middle Chuvash *χåral, from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ (qaraɣul).


хурал

From *qaral-, ultimately a derivation from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).


кун

kun (romanization)
кунсем (plural)
кун (nominative)
dative-accusative (nominative)
кунӑн (genitive)
кунпа (instrumental)
кунта (locative)
кунтан (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰤 (kün, “sun, day”), Turkish gün (“sun, daytime”), Azerbaijani gün (“day, sun”).


ҫирӗм

head

ҫирӗм • (śirĕm)

Inherited from Bulgar جيرم (ciyermi), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹgirmi (“twenty”).
Cognate with Khalaj yigirmi, Turkish yirmi, Uzbek yigirma, Bashkir егерме (yegerme) and Yakut сүүрбэ (süürbe).


ҫӗлен

head

ҫӗлен • (śĕlen) (plural ҫӗленсем)

cv-noun

ҫӗлен • (śĕlen) (plural ҫӗленсем)


ырату

head

ырату • (yrat̬u) (plural ыратусем)

cv-noun

ырату • (yrat̬u) (plural ыратусем)

From Proto-Turkic *agrï-t-ïg (“pain”), an action noun of *agrï-t- (“to cause pain; to feel pain in a specific spot; to be ill”), originally a causative form of *agrï- (“to ache; be ill”). Also Proto-Turkic *agrï-g (“pain”).
Compare to Tatar авырту (awırtu, “pain”), Bashkir ауыртыу (awırtıw, “pain; to feel pain in a specific spot”); Kazakh ауырту (auyrtu, “to cause pain”), Yakut ыарыт- (ıarıt-, “to cause pain; to be ill”), Turkish ağrıtmak (“to cause pain”), etc.


Раҫҫей

head

Раҫҫей • (Raśśej)

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


арҫын

арҫын • (arś̬yn) (plural арҫынсем)

cv-noun

арҫын • (arś̬yn) (plural арҫынсем)

A compound of ар (ar, “man”) + ҫын (śyn, “human being”).


тунтикун

head

тунтикун • (tunt̬ik̬un) (plural тунтикунсем)

tunt̬ik̬un (romanization)
тунтикунсем (plural)


патша

патша • (patša)


кайӑк

кайӑк • (kajăk) (plural кайӑксем)

cv-noun

кайӑк • (kajăk) (plural кайӑксем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹyik (“wild animal”).
Cognate with Turkish geyik, Uzbek kiyik and Khakas киик (kiik).


кайӑк

head

кайӑк • (kajăk)

→ Eastern Mari: кайык (kajyk)


Ԣ

(obsolete) A letter in the Yakovlev alphabet up to the 1930s.


ҫӑвар

ҫӑвар • (śăvar)


хӑлха

хӑлха • (hălh̬a)


пӳр

ăна чĕрĕ юлма пӳрнĕ


ҫул

From Bulgar جال (çal), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yāĺ.


вӑтӑр

вӑтӑр • (văt̬ăr)

Inherited from Bulgar وطر (wotur, “thirty”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *otuŕ (“thirty”).
Cognate with Khalaj hottuz, Turkish otuz, Uzbek oʻttiz, Bashkir утыҙ (utıź) and Yakut отут (otut).


хӗрӗх

head

хӗрӗх • (hĕrĕh)

[ˈχʲø̆rʲ(ɘ)χʲ]

Inherited from Bulgar حرح (xırıx, “forty”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïrk (“forty”).
Cognate with Khalaj qırq, Turkish kırk, Uzbek qirq and Bashkir ҡырҡ (qırq).


кӑмрӑк

head

кӑмрӑк • (kămrăk) (plural кӑмрӑксем)

cv-noun

кӑмрӑк • (kămrăk) (plural кӑмрӑксем)

kămrăk (romanization)
кӑмрӑксем (plural)


хӑрӑк

head

хӑрӑк • (hărăk)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kūr-ïk, *kūr-ïgak (“dry”). Cognate with Azerbaijani quru.

old, dilapidated, shabby, ramshackle, decrepit, rickety


пӑс

From Proto-Turkic *buŕ- / *boŕ- (“to damage, destroy”). Cognate with Azerbaijani pozmaq, Bashkir боҙоу (boźow).


кӗрӗш

head

кӗрӗш • (kĕrĕš)

From кӗр (kĕr) + -ӗш (-ĕš). Compare Azerbaijani girişmək, Turkish girişmek.


вӑхӑт

вӑхӑт • (văh̬ăt)

вӑхӑт тухрĕ


кӗр

From Proto-Turkic *kīr- (“to enter”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰃𐰼 (kir- /kir²/), Turkish girmek, Azerbaijani girmək etc.


кӗр

From Proto-Turkic *kǖŕ (“to autumn”). Cognate with Turkish güz etc.


тух

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *taĺïk- (“to leave”) via crasis from *tulh-, equivalent to тул (tul, “outside”) + -ӑк (-ăk).
Cognate with 𐱃𐱁𐰶 (tašïq-, “to leave”) and possibly Turkish çıkmak (“to leave”), see Proto-Turkic *čïk- (“to leave”) for more.

inh+

вăхăт тухрĕ


чупӑҫӑ

head

чупӑҫӑ • (čup̬ăś̬ă)


юрлӑх

юрлӑх • (jurlăh)


таркӑн

таркӑн • (tark̬ăn)

From Chuvash тар (tar, “to run away”) + -кӑн (-kăn).


чухӑнлӑх

чухӑнлӑх • (čuh̬ănlăh)

/ˈtɕuɣənləχ/

suf

чухӑн (čuh̬ăn) + -лӑх (-lăh)

Чухӑнлӑх — ҫылӑх мар.
Čuh̬ănlăh — śylăh mar.
Poverty is no vice.


хресчен

head

хресчен • (hresčen)

чухӑн хресчен


ҫуклӑх

ҫуклӑх • (śuklăh)

From ҫук (śuk, “there is not, absent”) + -лӑх (-lăh, “-ness”). Compare Turkish yokluk (“poverty”).


чухӑн

head

чухӑн • (čuh̬ăn)

From either a derivation of Proto-Turkic *yōk (“there is not”), whence ҫук (śuk) and чух (čuh, “mediocre, unimportant”); or inherited from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”).

чухӑн хресчен


инкек

инкек • (ink̬ek)


ӑлах

ӑлах • (ălah)


ҫӗркаҫ

ҫӗркаҫ • (śĕrk̬aś)


каллӗ-маллӗ

каллӗ-маллӗ • (kallĕ-mallĕ)


ӗнер

ӗнер • (ĕner)


кӗҫӗр

кӗҫӗр • (kĕś̬ĕr)


йӑлт

йӑлт • (jălt)


япала

→ Russian: ебала (jebala)


тарӑх

тарӑх • (tarăh)

Compare Azerbaijani darıxmaq (“to miss, long; to be bored”).


ачашла

head

ачашла • (ač̬ašla)


артакла

артакла • (art̬akla)


ансухлан

ансухлан • (ans̬uhlan)


ӑслайла

ӑслайла • (ăslajla)


вӑрла

вӑрла • (vărla)

From *ogrïla-, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ogrï (“thief”), whence вӑрӑ (vără, “thief”).


айванлан

From айван (ajvan) + -лан (-lan). Ultimately from Classical Persian حِیْوان (hâyvan, “animal”).


амант

Causative form of Chuvash аман (aman, “to suffer, to be crippled, to be maimed”), from Proto-Turkic *emge- (“to suffer”). Related to амак (amak, “illness”).


кимӗ

head

кимӗ • (kimĕ)


катмак

From Proto-Turkic *kēt-men, derivation of Proto-Turkic *kēt- (“to indent, notch, crack”).


вӑрман

head

вӑрман • (vărman)


ыхра

Possibly from Russian укро́п (ukróp, “dill”).


чик

From Proto-Turkic *dik- (“vertical; to to plant vertically”).
Compare Azerbaijani dikmək (“to bury”) dik (“upright, vertical”), tikmək (“to sew”); Turkish dikmek (“to sew”), Kumyk тикмек (tikmek, “to sew; to build”) Kazakh тігу (tıgu).

cog

to lower (one's eyes, gaze, etc.) (so as not to look at someone)


шӑпӑр

head

шӑпӑр • (šăp̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic. Cognate with Turkish süpürmek (“to sweep”), Turkish süpürge (“broom”).

шӑпӑр курӑкӗ

šăp̬ăr k̬urăk̬ĕ


авӑт

авӑт • (avăt)

From Proto-Turkic *öt- (“to sing (of birds); to say; to ask, request”). Cognate with Turkish ötmek, Azerbaijani ötmək, etc.


йӗке

head

йӗке • (jĕk̬e)

From Proto-Turkic *iyik. Cognate with Turkish iğ, etc.


сывӑ пултӑр

сывӑ пултӑр • (syvă p̬ult̬ăr)


ӗҫсем мӗнле

ӗҫсем мӗнле?

ӗҫсем мӗнле? • (ĕśsem mĕnle?)


лайӑх-и

лайӑх-и • (lajăh̬-i)


лайӑх-и

лайӑх-и • (lajăh̬-i)


сывӑ пулӑр

сывӑ пулӑр • (syvă p̬ulăr)


сывӑ

сывӑ • (syvă)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sạg (“healthy”). Cognate with Azerbaijani sağ etc.

сывӑ ҫын

сывӑ шӑл

вӑл сывӑ мар


сывӑ

сывӑ • (syvă)


вӑл

văl (romanization)
вӑл (nominative)
ӑна (accusative dative indefinite)
унӑн (genitive)
ун (genitive)
унпа (instrumental)
унта (locative)
унтан (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognates include Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.


пӑв

From Proto-Turkic *bog-. Cognate with Turkish boğmak, Azerbaijani boğmaq, etc.

(transitive) to choke, to suffocate, to strangle


шӑнӑр

шӑнӑр • (šănăr)


пӑлхан

пӑлхан • (pălh̬an)


яшка

яшка • (jaška)

какайлӑ яшка

яшка вӗрилентер

яшка антарса ҫи

pour [yourself some] soup [and] eat [it]


тӗп

кӳлĕ тĕпĕ


ҫӗнӗ

ҫӗнӗ • (śĕnĕ)


вӗчӗ

вӗчӗ • (vĕč̬ĕ) (plural вӗчӗсем)

cv-noun

вӗчӗ • (vĕč̬ĕ) (plural вӗчӗсем)


вӗчӗ

head

вӗчӗ • (vĕč̬ĕ)


пӑру

пӑру • (păru)


пӑр

Fromm Proto-Turkic *būŕ (“ice”). Cognate with Turkish buz.


хӗрлӗ

хӗрлӗ • (hĕrlĕ)


чечек

чечек • (čeč̬ek) (plural чечексем)

cv-noun

чечек • (čeč̬ek) (plural чечексем)


вӑлсем

head

вӑлсем • (văls̬em)

вӗсем вӗсем#Chuvash


эсӗр

эсӗр • (es̬ĕr)

эсир эсир#Chuvash


эпӗр

эпӗр • (ep̬ĕr)

эпир эпир#Chuvash


ӑҫта

ӑҫта • (ăśta)


мӗншӗн

мӗншӗн • (mĕnš̬ĕn)

/ˈmʲø̆ɲʒʲɘɲ/


мӗнле

мӗнле • (mĕnle)


миҫе

миҫе • (miś̬e)

miś̬e (romanization)
миҫе (nominative)
миҫеӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
миҫе (accusative dative indefinite)
миҫене (genitive)
миҫепе (instrumental)
миҫере (locative)
миҫерен (ablative)

cv-decl-pron

миҫеӗн, миҫе


хӑш

hăš (romanization)
хӑш (nominative)
хӑшӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
хӑшне (genitive)
хӑшинпе (instrumental)
хӑшенче (locative)
хӑшенчен (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Cognates include Turkish hangi and Bashkir ҡайһы (qayhı).


эсӗ

head

эсӗ • (es̬ĕ)

es̬ĕ (romanization)
эсӗ (nominative)
санӑн (accusative dative indefinite)
сан (accusative dative indefinite)
сана (genitive)
санпа (instrumental)
санта (locative)
сантан (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *sẹ-, whence also *sen. Cognates include Turkish sen and Tuvan сен (sen).


вӗсем

вӗсем • (vĕs̬em)

vĕs̬em (romanization)
вӗсем (nominative)
вӗсен (accusative dative indefinite)
вӗсенӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
вӗсене (genitive)
вӗсемпе (instrumental)
вӗсенче (locative)
вӗсенчен (ablative)

cv-decl-pron

вӗсен, вӗсенӗн


эсир

head

эсир • (es̬ir)

es̬ir (romanization)
эсир (nominative)
сирӗн (accusative dative indefinite)
сире (genitive)
сирӗнпе (instrumental)
сирӗнте (locative)
сирӗнтен (ablative)

From Proto-Turkic *siŕ. Cognates include Turkish siz and Bashkir һеҙ (heź).


атте-анне

атте-аннесем

атте-анне • (atte-anne) (plural атте-аннесем)

atte-anne (romanization)
атте-аннесем (plural)

Dvandva compound of атте (atte) + анне (anne).


улма-ҫырла

head

улма-ҫырласем

улма-ҫырла • (ulma-ś̬yrla) (plural улма-ҫырласем)

ulma-ś̬yrla (romanization)
улма-ҫырласем (plural)

Dvandva compound of улма (ulma) + ҫырла (śyrla).


ача-пӑча

head

ача-пӑча • (ač̬a-p̬ăč̬a) (plural ача-пӑчасем)

ač̬a-p̬ăč̬a (romanization)
ача-пӑчасем (plural)

Dvandva compound of ача (ač̬a) + пӑча (păč̬a).


вӑй-хал

head

вӑй-хал • (văj-h̬al) (plural вӑй-халсем)

văj-h̬al (romanization)
вӑй-халсем (plural)

Dvandva compound of вӑй (văj) + хал (hal).


аш-какай

head

аш-какай • (aš-kak̬aj) (plural аш-какайсем)

aš-kak̬aj (romanization)
аш-какайсем (plural)

Dvandva compound of аш (aš) + какай (kak̬aj).


лару-тӑру

head

лару-тӑрусем

лару-тӑру • (laru-t̬ăru) (plural лару-тӑрусем)

laru-t̬ăru (romanization)
лару-тӑрусем (plural)

Dvandva compound of лару (laru) + тӑру (tăru).


этемлӗх

head

этемлӗх • (et̬emlĕh) (plural этемлӗхсем)

et̬emlĕh (romanization)
этемлӗхсем (plural)


эрешмен

эрешмен • (erešmen) (plural эрешменсем)

cv-noun

эрешмен • (erešmen) (plural эрешменсем)

erešmen (romanization)
эрешменсем (plural)


эрешле

head

эрешле • (erešle)


эреш

эреш • (ereš) (plural эрешсем)

cv-noun

эреш • (ereš) (plural эрешсем)


пакша

head

пакша • (pakša) (plural пакшасем)

cv-noun

пакша • (pakša) (plural пакшасем)


паллаштар

head

паллаштар • (pallaštar)


тӑкӑс

тӑкӑс • (tăk̬ăs)

From Tatar тыгыз (tığız). Doublet of тӑвӑр (tăvăr).


шурӑ эрех

шурӑ эрехсем

шурӑ эрех • (šură ereh) (plural шурӑ эрехсем)

šură ereh (romanization)
шурӑ эрехсем (plural)


паллаш

паллаш • (pallaš)


паллӑ

паллӑ • (pallă) (plural паллӑсем)

cv-noun

паллӑ • (pallă) (plural паллӑсем)


палла

From Proto-Turkic *bel-le-. Cognate with Turkish bellemek.

паллаштар

паллаш (pallaš)


эрнекун

head

эрнекун • (ernek̬un) (plural эрнекунсем)

ernek̬un (romanization)
эрнекунсем (plural)

From эрне (erne) + кун (kun). From Volga Bulgar اَرنى كوَان (“friday”). Literally means week day.


тӑвӑр

тӑвӑр • (tăvăr)

From Proto-Turkic *tïgïŕ. Doublet of тӑкӑс (tăk̬ăs).


тӑвӑр

тӑвӑр • (tăvăr)


палӑк

палӑк • (palăk) (plural палӑксем)

cv-noun

палӑк • (palăk) (plural палӑксем)

Cognate with Bulgar بَلُو (“belüv”) which from the Proto-Oghur *bel-ig but instead of being a descendant, Chuvash form seems to be from Proto-Oghur *bel-ik. Because g irregularly didn't decrease in Chuvash (as in *elig>الُو (elüw)>алӑ (ală) or *bitig>*bitüw>пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü)). The real cognate must be Chuvash палӑ (pală) with an intermediary unattested Bulgar form. Compare Hungarian bélyeg and cognate with Common Turkic *bel-gü, Kazakh белгі (belgı), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bel-.


эмал

medicine, drug (substance which promotes healing)


тӳрӗ

head

тӳрӗ • (türĕ)

тӳрĕ дополнени ― türĕ dop̬olneni ― direct object

тӳрĕ пуплев

сăмахăн тӳрĕ пĕлтерĕшĕ


тӳрӗ

тӳрӗ • (türĕ)


канаш

канаш • (kanaš) (plural канашсем)

cv-noun

канаш • (kanaš) (plural канашсем)


хӑмӑр

head

хӑмӑр • (hămăr)

(dialectal, of weather) cloudy, gray, gloomy


кӑвак

кӑвак • (kăvak)


кӑвак

кӑвак • (kăvak)


пӗҫӗ

пӗҫӗ • (pĕś̬ĕ)


упа

Compare Khakas аба (aba), Middle Kipchak اَبا (apa). These forms are euphemistic references to the bear as 'father' or 'old man'.


кӗнеке

кӗнеке • (kĕnek̬e) (plural кӗнекесем)

cv-noun

кӗнеке • (kĕnek̬e) (plural кӗнекесем)

kĕnek̬e (romanization)
кӗнекесем (plural)


кичем

head

кичем • (kič̬em)


кӑнтӑрла

кӑнтӑрла • (kănt̬ărla)


кантӑк

кантӑк • (kant̬ăk) (plural кантӑксем)

cv-noun

кантӑк • (kant̬ăk) (plural кантӑксем)

kant̬ăk (romanization)
кантӑксем (plural)


мӗн чухлӗ

head

мӗн чухлӗ • (mĕn č̬uhlĕ)


кишӗр

кишӗр • (kiš̬ĕr) (plural кишӗрсем)

cv-noun

кишӗр • (kiš̬ĕr) (plural кишӗрсем)


чӳрече

head

чӳрече • (čüreč̬e) (plural чӳречесем)

cv-noun

чӳрече • (čüreč̬e) (plural чӳречесем)

čüreč̬e (romanization)
чӳречесем (plural)


каччӑ

head

каччӑ • (kaččă) (plural каччӑсем)

cv-noun

каччӑ • (kaččă) (plural каччӑсем)

desc

→ Eastern Mari: каче (kače, “bridegroom”)


йӑран

head

йӑран • (jăran) (plural йӑрансем)

cv-noun

йӑран • (jăran) (plural йӑрансем)

чечек йӑранӗ

кишӗр йӑранӗ


кирлӗ

head

кирлӗ • (kirlĕ)


кирлӗ

кирлӗ • (kirlĕ)


кӑнтӑр

кӑнтӑр • (kănt̬ăr) (plural кӑнтӑрсем)

cv-noun

кӑнтӑр • (kănt̬ăr) (plural кӑнтӑрсем)

kănt̬ăr (romanization)
кӑнтӑрсем (plural)


кӗлӗ

head

кӗлӗ • (kĕlĕ) (plural кӗлӗсем)

cv-noun

кӗлӗ • (kĕlĕ) (plural кӗлӗсем)


пурнӑҫ

head

пурнӑҫ • (purnăś) (plural пурнӑҫсем)

cv-noun

пурнӑҫ • (purnăś) (plural пурнӑҫсем)

purnăś (romanization)
пурнӑҫсем (plural)


кӗрт

head

кӗрт • (kĕrt)


ҫӗмӗр

ҫӗмӗр • (śĕmĕr)


ҫӗмӗрӗл

ҫӗмӗрӗл • (śĕmĕrĕl)

suf

ҫӗмӗр (śĕmĕr) + -ӗл (-ĕl)


кӑшкӑр

head

кӑшкӑр • (kăškăr)

From Proto-Turkic *kïčgïr- (“to shout, cry”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani qışqır- (“to scream”), Turkish kışkırt- (“to provoke”), etc.


ҫӑл

ҫӑл • (śăl) (plural ҫӑлсем)

cv-noun

ҫӑл • (śăl) (plural ҫӑлсем)


пусӑ

head

пусӑ • (pus̬ă) (plural пусӑсем)

cv-noun

пусӑ • (pus̬ă) (plural пусӑсем)


ҫӗле

head

ҫӗле • (śĕle)

Compare Turkish sırı- (“to sew tightly”), Azerbaijani sırı- (“to quilt”), etc.


пурнӑҫа кӗрт

пурнӑҫа кӗрт

пурнӑҫа кӗрт • (purnăś̬a k̬ĕrt)

to realize, to accomplish, to fulfill, to put into practice


ҫӑт

From Proto-Turkic *yubut- (“to swallow”). Cognate with Turkish yut- (“to swallow”), Azerbaijani ud- (“to swallow”), etc.


пурнӑҫла

пурнӑҫла • (purnăśla)


хут

From Common Turkic [Term?] (compare Karakhanid [script needed] (kāɣïd, “paper”)), ultimately from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾγδʾ /kāγaδā/).


хут

пиллӗк хут


ҫӗр

head

ҫӗр • (śĕr) (plural ҫӗрсем)

cv-noun

ҫӗр • (śĕr) (plural ҫӗрсем)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹr (“earth, ground, land”).


ҫӗр

head

ҫӗр • (śĕr) (plural ҫӗрсем)

cv-noun

ҫӗр • (śĕr) (plural ҫӗрсем)


ҫӗр

Inherited from Bulgar جُور (cǖr, “hundred”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *yǖŕ (“hundred”).
Cognate with Khalaj yü̂z, Turkish yüz, Uzbek yuz, Bashkir йөҙ (yöź) and Yakut сүүс (süüs).


ҫу

head

ҫу or ҫӑв • (śu or śăv)

ҫу (canonical)
ҫӑв (canonical)
śu (romanization)
śăv (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāg (“oil, butter, fat”).
Cognate with Khalaj yâğ, Turkish yağ, Uzbek yoʻg and Yakut сыа (sıa).


ҫу

head

ҫу or ҫӑв • (śu or śăv)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāy (“summer”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani yay, Bashkir йәй (yəy) and Yakut сайын (sayın).


ҫу

head

ҫу or ҫӑв • (śu or śăv)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yū- (“to wash”).
Cognate with Khalaj yûmaq, Turkish yumak, Uzbek yuvmoq, Bashkir йыуыу (yıwıw) and Yakut сууй (suuy).


ҫу

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yag-.
Cognate with Khalaj yağmaq, Turkish yağmak, Uzbek yogʻmoq, Bashkir яуыу (yawıw) and Tuvan чаар (çaar).


йӗрке

head

йӗрке • (jĕrk̬e) (plural йӗркесем)

cv-noun

йӗрке • (jĕrk̬e) (plural йӗркесем)


йӑваш

head

йӑваш • (jăvaš)


йӗтем

йӗтем • (jĕt̬em) (plural йӗтемсем)

cv-noun

йӗтем • (jĕt̬em) (plural йӗтемсем)


сивӗ

head

сивӗ • (sivĕ)


ӗлӗк

ӗлӗк • (ĕlĕk)


ярӑн

ярӑн • (jarăn)

to ride on skis, skates, bicycle, or snowboard


калаҫу

калаҫу • (kalaś̬u) (plural калаҫусем)

cv-noun

калаҫу • (kalaś̬u) (plural калаҫусем)

kalaś̬u (romanization)
калаҫусем (plural)


вӗри

head

вӗри • (vĕri)


калаҫ

калаҫ • (kalaś)


хӑмӑт

хӑмӑт • (hămăt) (plural хӑмӑтсем)

cv-noun

хӑмӑт • (hămăt) (plural хӑмӑтсем)


ӗнентер

head

ӗнентер • (ĕnent̬er)

From ӗнен (ĕnen) + -тер (-ter). Cognate with Turkish inandır- (“to convince”).


ирӗклӗ

ирӗклӗ • (irĕklĕ)

ирӗклӗ ҫӗршыв


ирӗксӗр

ирӗксӗр • (irĕksĕr)


йӗвен

йӗвен • (jĕven) (plural йӗвенсем)

cv-noun

йӗвен • (jĕven) (plural йӗвенсем)


йӗнер

head

йӗнер • (jĕner) (plural йӗнерсем)

cv-noun

йӗнер • (jĕner) (plural йӗнерсем)

From *ïngïr, compare Yakut ыҥыыр (ıñıır).

cog

Yakut ыҥыыр (ıñıır)


ӗмӗтлен

head

ӗмӗтлен • (ĕmĕtlen)

From ӗмӗт (ĕmĕt) + -лен (-len). Cognate with Turkish ümitlen- (“to hope”).


йӑрана

йӑрана • (jărana) (plural йӑранасем)

cv-noun

йӑрана • (jărana) (plural йӑранасем)

jărana (romanization)
йӑранасем (plural)


ытлашши

head

ытлашши • (ytlašši)


ытлашши

ытлашши • (ytlašši)


яхӑн

яхӑн • (jah̬ăn)

Borrowed from Tatar якын (yakın), from Proto-Turkic *yakïn, Proto-Turkic *yak- (“near; approach”).


ыран

From Proto-Turkic *yạrïn (“tomorrow”). Cognate with Turkish yarın, Yakut сарсын (sarsın), etc.


ӗмӗт

ӗмӗт • (ĕmĕt) (plural ӗмӗтсем)

cv-noun

ӗмӗт • (ĕmĕt) (plural ӗмӗтсем)

From Persian امید (omêd, “hope”).
Cognate with Turkish ümit (“hope”), Azerbaijani ümid (“hope”), Bashkir өмөт (ömöt, “hope”), Kazakh үміт (ümıt, “hope”), etc.


ирӗк

head

ирӗк • (irĕk) (plural ирӗксем)

cv-noun

ирӗк • (irĕk) (plural ирӗксем)

From Proto-Turkic *erk (“authority; free will, independence”). Cognate with Bashkir and Tatar ирек (irek, “freedom, liberty”), Turkish erk (“power, force”), etc.


ирӗк

head

ирӗк • (irĕk)


калта

калта • (kalt̬a) (plural калтасем)

cv-noun

калта • (kalt̬a) (plural калтасем)


ӗнен

head

ӗнен • (ĕnen)

From Proto-Turkic *ïnan- (“to trust, believe”).


ҫӗршыв

head

ҫӗршыв • (śĕrš̬yv) (plural ҫӗршывсем)

cv-noun

ҫӗршыв • (śĕrš̬yv) (plural ҫӗршывсем)

śĕrš̬yv (romanization)
ҫӗршывсем (plural)

Normalized form of the compound ҫӗр (śĕr, “ground, country, the Earth”) + шыв (šyv, “water, river”). From Proto-Turkic *yẹr (“ground, the Earth”) and *sub (“water”) respectively. Compare similar compoundizations in other Turkic languages; Kyrgyz жер–суу (jer–suu, “the Earth”), Kazakh жер–су (jer–su), Uzbek er-su et cetera.


хӑҫан

head

хӑҫан • (hăś̬an)


кунта

кунта • (kunt̬a)


пуҫтар

пуҫтар • (puśtar)


авалхи

авалхи • (avalh̬i)


пурте

пурте • (purt̬e)


унта

унта • (unt̬a)


йывӑр

йывӑр • (jyvăr)


темиҫе

темиҫе • (temiś̬e)


ҫавӑнпа

ҫавӑнпа • (śavănp̬a)


курӑк

курӑк • (kurăk) (plural курӑксем)

cv-noun

курӑк • (kurăk) (plural курӑксем)


мӑйрака

head

мӑйрака • (măjrak̬a) (plural мӑйракасем)

măjrak̬a (romanization)
мӑйракасем (plural)


тӳс

From Proto-Turkic *töŕ- (“to suffer, endure”).

inh

to endure, to suffer, to tolerate, to stand


мӑнӑ

head

мӑнӑ • (mănă)


ҫавӑ

ҫавӑ • (śavă)


ҫук

From Proto-Turkic *yōk (“no; is not, there is not”). Cognate with Turkish yok (“there is not, no”).


йывӑрлӑх

head

йывӑрлӑх • (jyvărlăh) (plural йывӑрлӑхсем)

jyvărlăh (romanization)
йывӑрлӑхсем (plural)


инҫе

инҫе • (inś̬e)


инҫе

инҫе • (inś̬e)


чӗре

чӗре • (čĕre) (plural чӗресем)

cv-noun

чӗре • (čĕre) (plural чӗресем)


чӗрӗп

head

чӗрӗп • (čĕrĕp) (plural чӗрӗпсем)

cv-noun

чӗрӗп • (čĕrĕp) (plural чӗрӗпсем)


урӑх

head

урӑх • (urăh)


урӑх

урӑх • (urăh)

henceforth, henceforward, from now on (with negation)


урӑх

урӑх • (urăh)


тӗк

From Proto-Turkic *tǖk (“hair, feather”).


тӗк

From Proto-Turkic *tïkï- (“to stuff in, press in”). Cognate with Turkish tık- (“to stuff”), etc.


ҫи

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹg (“better, top”). Cognate with Turkish yeğ (“better”).


пысӑк

head

пысӑк • (pys̬ăk)


начар

начар • (nač̬ar)

From Persian ناچار (nâčâr, “miserable”). Compare Kazakh нашар (naşar), Kyrgyz начар (nacar), etc.


авал

Borrowed from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal, “first”). Compare Turkish evvel (“beginning”).


вӑрӑм

head

вӑрӑм • (vărăm)

From Proto-Turkic *uŕïn. Cognate to Turkish uzun.

long (having much distance from one terminating point on an object or an area to another terminating point)


йытӑ

йытӑ (canonical)
йыт (canonical)
jyt̬ă (romanization)
jyt (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ï̄t (“dog”).
Cognate with Khalaj ît, Azerbaijani it, Uzbek it, Bashkir эт (et) and Yakut ыт (ıt).


япӑх

head

япӑх • (jap̬ăh)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yab- (“unattested verb denoting negativity”).


япӑх

head

япӑх • (jap̬ăh)

to become undisciplined, to get out of hand (of children)


шалча

шалча • (šalč̬a)


хуняма

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn ana. Cognate with Turkish kaynana.


тыткӑн

тыткӑн • (tytkăn) (plural тыткӑнсем)

cv-noun

тыткӑн • (tytkăn) (plural тыткӑнсем)

tytkăn (romanization)
тыткӑнсем (plural)


хуняҫа

head

хуняҫа • (hunjaś̬a)

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn ata. Cognate with Turkish kaynata.


чӗрне

чӗрне • (čĕrne) (plural чӗрнесем)

cv-noun

чӗрне • (čĕrne) (plural чӗрнесем)


ҫунат

head

ҫунат • (śunat) (plural ҫунатсем)

cv-noun

ҫунат • (śunat) (plural ҫунатсем)


хӳре

head

хӳре • (hüre) (plural хӳресем)

cv-noun

хӳре • (hüre) (plural хӳресем)


сӑмах

head

сӑмах • (sămah) (plural сӑмахсем)

cv-noun

сӑмах • (sămah) (plural сӑмахсем)


ҫемье

head

ҫемье • (śemʹe) (plural ҫемьесем)

cv-noun

ҫемье • (śemʹe) (plural ҫемьесем)


хунчӑкам

head

хунчӑкам • (hunč̬ăk̬am)

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn *ĕčey or Proto-Turkic *kādïn *āka.


вырсарникун

вырсарникунсем

вырсарникун • (vyrs̬arnik̬un) (plural вырсарникунсем)

vyrs̬arnik̬un (romanization)
вырсарникунсем (plural)


шӑматкун

шӑматкун • (šămatkun) (plural шӑматкунсем)

šămatkun (romanization)
шӑматкунсем (plural)


юхӑм

юхӑм • (juh̬ăm) (plural юхӑмсем)

cv-noun

юхӑм • (juh̬ăm) (plural юхӑмсем)


ытларикун

head

ытларикунсем

ытларикун • (ytlarik̬un) (plural ытларикунсем)

ytlarik̬un (romanization)
ытларикунсем (plural)


ҫеҫке

ҫеҫке • (śeśke) (plural ҫеҫкесем)

cv-noun

ҫеҫке • (śeśke) (plural ҫеҫкесем)


юнкун

junk̬un (romanization)
юнкунсем (plural)

From Volga Bulgar خان كوان (“Wednesday”). Literally means blood day.


сыпӑк

head

сыпӑк • (syp̬ăk) (plural сыпӑксем)

cv-noun

сыпӑк • (syp̬ăk) (plural сыпӑксем)

(architecture) space between any two balusters of a flight of stairs

part, branch; team, squad (smallest unit in a hierarchy or sequence)

degree of relationship (as in first cousin, second cousin etc.)

хупӑ сыпӑк

уҫӑ сыпӑк


усал

head

усал • (us̬al)


алӑ

Inherited from Volga Bulgar الُو (elüw), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *elig. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (l²g), Yakut илии (ilii), etc.


лар

to settle (to establish a dwelling place)

to turn out, to result (of earned/yielded amount/quantity etc.)

(intransitive) to accumulate, to gather, to amass

to conduct (of a some traditional ceremonies)


сасӑпа

сасӑпа • (sas̬ăp̬a)

сасӑпа вула


сасӑпа

сасӑпа • (sas̬ăp̬a)

сасӑ сасӑ#Chuvash


хупӑ

хупӑ • (hup̬ă) (plural хупӑсем)

cv-noun

хупӑ • (hup̬ă) (plural хупӑсем)

cover (front and back of a book or a magazine)


хупӑ

head

хупӑ • (hup̬ă)

хупӑ сыпӑк

хупӑ сасӑ

covered, sheltered, with a roof, with an awning


кӗҫнерникун

кӗҫнерникунсем

кӗҫнерникун • (kĕśnernik̬un) (plural кӗҫнерникунсем)

kĕśnernik̬un (romanization)
кӗҫнерникунсем (plural)

[kʲɘɕɲerʲɲiˈɡun]

From Volga Bulgar كجن ارن كون (kⁱçⁱn ernᵉ k^üw^ēn, “Thursday”). Literally “small week day” in Volga Bulgar.


хунь

head

хунь • (hunʹ)


лайӑх

лайӑх • (lajăh) (plural лайӑхсем)

cv-noun

лайӑх • (lajăh) (plural лайӑхсем)


лайӑх

head

лайӑх • (lajăh)


лайӑх

лайӑх • (lajăh)

safely, successfully, happily (in a secure manner; without the possibility of injury or harm resulting)


сӑмса

сӑмса • (săms̬a) (plural сӑмсасем)

cv-noun

сӑмса • (săms̬a) (plural сӑмсасем)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠠ (samsa, “nasal septum”). Jegorov and Fedotov also compare Common Turkic *tumšuk (“nose, beak”), however this is dubious for phonetic reasons. EDAL reconstructs Proto-Turkic *sum-, however such a word is not attested in any other Turkic language.


маттур

head

маттур • (mattur) (plural маттурсем)

cv-noun

маттур • (mattur) (plural маттурсем)

mattur (romanization)
маттурсем (plural)


сасӑ

head

сасӑ • (sas̬ă) (plural сасӑсем)

cv-noun

сасӑ • (sas̬ă) (plural сасӑсем)

sas̬ă (romanization)
сасӑсем (plural)
сасӑ (nominative singular)
сасӑсем (nominative plural)
сасса (singular)
сасӑсене (plural)
сассӑн (genitive singular)
сасӑсен (genitive plural)
сасӑсенӗн (genitive plural)
сасӑпа (instrumental singular)
сасӑсемпе (instrumental plural)
сасӑра (locative singular)
сасӑсенче (locative plural)
сасӑран (ablative singular)
сасӑсенчен (ablative plural)
сасӑсӑр (abessive singular)
сасӑсэнсӗр (abessive plural)
сасӑшӑн (causative singular)
сасӑсэншӗн (causative plural)

cv-noun-decl

сасӑсен, сасӑсенӗн

сасă чĕлĕхĕсем


куҫ

Ultimately derived from Proto-Turkic *köŕ (“eye”), however the morphology is uncertain, Fedotov proposes both a possible diminutive *köŕč and a third person singular possessive *köŕsi. EDAL's *köŕs is entirely baseless.


куҫ

Inherited from Bulgar كوج (köç-), كوالج (köwelç-), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *köč- (“to migrate”).

inh+

(intransitive) to pass, to go over, to progress, to advance

(intransitive) to be passed over, to be transmitted


хуйӑр

head

хуйӑр • (hujăr) (plural хуйӑрсем)

cv-noun

хуйӑр • (hujăr) (plural хуйӑрсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kadïŕ (“bark”).
Cognate with Bashkir ҡайры (qayrı) and Yakut хатырых (qatırıq).


ҫулҫӑ

head

ҫулҫӑ • (śulś̬ă) (plural ҫулҫӑсем)

cv-noun

ҫулҫӑ • (śulś̬ă) (plural ҫулҫӑсем)


пӗвер

head

пӗвер • (pĕver) (plural пӗверсем)

cv-noun

пӗвер • (pĕver) (plural пӗверсем)


ҫурӑм

head

ҫурӑм • (śurăm) (plural ҫурӑмсем)

cv-noun

ҫурӑм • (śurăm) (plural ҫурӑмсем)


хӗрарӑм

head

хӗрарӑм • (hĕrarăm) (plural хӗрарӑмсем)

cv-noun

хӗрарӑм • (hĕrarăm) (plural хӗрарӑмсем)

hĕrarăm (romanization)
хӗрарӑмсем (plural)


упӑшка

head

упӑшка • (up̬ăška) (plural упӑшкасем)

cv-noun

упӑшка • (up̬ăška) (plural упӑшкасем)

up̬ăška (romanization)
упӑшкасем (plural)


кӑкӑр

head

кӑкӑр • (kăk̬ăr) (plural кӑкӑрсем)

cv-noun

кӑкӑр • (kăk̬ăr) (plural кӑкӑрсем)


симӗс

head

симӗс • (simĕs)

From an Iranian source, compare Persian سبز (sabz, “green”).

(figurative) young, green, inexperienced


арӑм

арӑм • (arăm) (plural арӑмсем)

cv-noun

арӑм • (arăm) (plural арӑмсем)


хӑс

From Proto-Turkic *kus- (“to vomit”). Cognate with Turkish kus- (“to vomit”).


ешӗл

head

ешӗл • (eš̬ĕl)

From Proto-Turkic *yāĺïl (“green”). Cognate with Turkish yeşil (“green”).


ансӑр

ансӑр • (ans̬ăr)


ҫӳхе

ҫӳхе • (śüh̬e)


ҫинҫе

ҫинҫе • (śinś̬e)


хурӑн

хурӑн • (hurăn) (plural хурӑнсем)

cv-noun

хурӑн • (hurăn) (plural хурӑнсем)


ҫӳҫ

head

ҫӳҫ • (śüś) (plural ҫӳҫсем)

cv-noun

ҫӳҫ • (śüś) (plural ҫӳҫсем)


сарлака

head

сарлака • (sarlak̬a)


йывӑҫ

йывӑҫ • (jyvăś) (plural йывӑҫсем)

cv-noun

йывӑҫ • (jyvăś) (plural йывӑҫсем)


пӗчӗк

head

пӗчӗк • (pĕč̬ĕk)


анлӑ

анлӑ • (anlă)


сулахай

сулахай • (sulah̬aj)


сылтӑм

сылтӑм • (sylt̬ăm)


ҫырт

ҫырт • (śyrt)

From Proto-Turkic *ïsïr- (“to bite”). Cognate with Turkish ısır- (“to bite”), Yakut ытыр (ıtır, “to bite”).


ҫӗрӗк

ҫӗрӗк • (śĕrĕk)


ҫӗрӗк

ҫӗрӗк • (śĕrĕk) (plural ҫӗрӗксем)

cv-noun

ҫӗрӗк • (śĕrĕk) (plural ҫӗрӗксем)


ӑшӑ

head

ӑшӑ • (ăš̬ă)


ӑшӑ

ӑшӑ • (ăš̬ă) (plural ӑшӑсем)

cv-noun

ӑшӑ • (ăš̬ă) (plural ӑшӑсем)


хулӑн

head

хулӑн • (hulăn)

deep (low in frequency or pitch) (of a sound or voice)


уҫӑ

уҫӑ • (uś̬ă) (plural уҫӑсем)

cv-noun

уҫӑ • (uś̬ă) (plural уҫӑсем)


уҫӑ

head

уҫӑ • (uś̬ă)


кӗске

кӗске • (kĕske)


каҫ

From Proto-Turkic *kēče (“night”), derived from the root *kēč (“late”).
Cognate with Turkish gece (“night”), Azerbaijani gecə (“night”), Turkmen gije (“night”), Kazakh кеш (keş, “evening”), Kyrgyz кеч (kec, “evening”), etc.


каҫ

From Proto-Turkic *keč- (“to pass, wade”).


пулӑ

пулӑ • (pulă) (plural пулӑсем)

cv-noun

пулӑ • (pulă) (plural пулӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bālïk (“fish”).
Cognate with Turkish balık, Uzbek baliq, Bashkir балыҡ (balıq) and Yakut балык (balık).


сунарҫӑ

head

сунарҫӑ • (sunarś̬ă) (plural сунарҫӑсем)

sunarś̬ă (romanization)
сунарҫӑсем (plural)


хырӑм

хырӑм • (hyrăm) (plural хырӑмсем)

cv-noun

хырӑм • (hyrăm) (plural хырӑмсем)


ҫӗвӗҫ

head

ҫӗвӗҫ • (śĕvĕś) (plural ҫӗвӗҫсем)

cv-noun

ҫӗвӗҫ • (śĕvĕś) (plural ҫӗвӗҫсем)


вӑрлӑх

head

вӑрлӑх • (vărlăh)


пулӑҫ

пулӑҫ • (pulăś) (plural пулӑҫсем)

cv-noun

пулӑҫ • (pulăś) (plural пулӑҫсем)


служащи

head

служащи • (služašči) (plural служащисем)

služašči (romanization)
служащисем (plural)


тимӗрҫӗ

тимӗрҫӗ • (timĕrś̬ĕ) (plural тимӗрҫӗсем)

timĕrś̬ĕ (romanization)
тимӗрҫӗсем (plural)


пахчаҫӑ

пахчаҫӑ • (pahčaś̬ă) (plural пахчаҫӑсем)

pahčaś̬ă (romanization)
пахчаҫӑсем (plural)


хуралҫӑ

хуралҫӑ • (huralś̬ă) (plural хуралҫӑсем)

huralś̬ă (romanization)
хуралҫӑсем (plural)


вӑрманҫӑ

вӑрманҫӑ • (vărmanś̬ă) (plural вӑрманҫӑсем)

vărmanś̬ă (romanization)
вӑрманҫӑсем (plural)


юрӑҫӑ

юрӑҫӑ • (jurăś̬ă) (plural юрӑҫӑсем)

cv-noun

юрӑҫӑ • (jurăś̬ă) (plural юрӑҫӑсем)

jurăś̬ă (romanization)
юрӑҫӑсем (plural)


рабочи

head

рабочи • (raboč̬i) (plural рабочисем)

cv-noun

рабочи • (raboč̬i) (plural рабочисем)

raboč̬i (romanization)
рабочисем (plural)


тухтӑр

head

тухтӑр • (tuhtăr) (plural тухтӑрсем)

cv-noun

тухтӑр • (tuhtăr) (plural тухтӑрсем)

tuhtăr (romanization)
тухтӑрсем (plural)


сутуҫӑ

head

сутуҫӑ • (sut̬uś̬ă) (plural сутуҫӑсем)

cv-noun

сутуҫӑ • (sut̬uś̬ă) (plural сутуҫӑсем)

sut̬uś̬ă (romanization)
сутуҫӑсем (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *sat-ïg-čï (“seller”), from Proto-Turkic *sat- (“to sell”).
Cognate with Bashkir һатыусы (hatıwsı, “seller”), Turkish satıcı (“seller”), Dolgan атыыһыт (“merchant”), etc.
Synchronously, сут (sut) + -уҫӑ (-uś̬ă).


пахча

head

пахча • (pahča) (plural пахчасем)

cv-noun

пахча • (pahča) (plural пахчасем)


илт

From Proto-Turkic *ẹĺit- (“to hear”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱁𐱅 (eşit-, “to hear, listen”), Azerbaijani eşitmək (“to hear”), Bashkir ишетеү (işetew, “to hear”), Kazakh есту (estu, “to hear”), Turkmen eşitmek (“to hear”), Uzbek eshitmoq (“to hear”), Yakut иһит (ihit, “to hear”).


кӑлар

head

кӑлар • (kălar)

Perhaps from the causative of Proto-Turkic *kạl(ï)- (“to rise, jump up”). Cognate with Turkish kaldır- (“to take away, remove; to lift up”).


пыйтӑ

head

пыйтӑ • (pyjt̬ă) (plural пыйтӑсем)

cv-noun

пыйтӑ • (pyjt̬ă) (plural пыйтӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bït.
Cognate with Khalaj bit, Turkish bit, Uzbek bit, Bashkir бет (bet) and Yakut быт (bıt).


чӗрчун

head

чӗрчун • (čĕrč̬un) (plural чӗрчунсем)

cv-noun

чӗрчун • (čĕrč̬un) (plural чӗрчунсем)

čĕrč̬un (romanization)
чӗрчунсем (plural)


выльӑх

head

выльӑх • (vylʹăh) (plural выльӑхсем)

cv-noun

выльӑх • (vylʹăh) (plural выльӑхсем)

vylʹăh (romanization)
выльӑхсем (plural)


чӗркуҫҫи

head

чӗркуҫҫи • (čĕrk̬uśśi) (plural чӗркуҫҫисем)

čĕrk̬uśśi (romanization)
чӗркуҫҫисем (plural)


питӗ

питӗ • (pit̬ĕ)

питӗ аван


ӑман

ӑман • (ăman) (plural ӑмансем)

cv-noun

ӑман • (ăman) (plural ӑмансем)


пыршӑ

head

пыршӑ • (pyrš̬ă) (plural пыршӑсем)

cv-noun

пыршӑ • (pyrš̬ă) (plural пыршӑсем)


инҫетри

head

инҫетри • (inś̬etri)


катари

катари • (kat̬ari)


сывла

From Proto-Turkic *soglï- (“to breathe heavily, to pant”). Cognate with Turkish solu- (“to breathe”).


аяк пӗрчи

head

аяк пӗрчисем

аяк пӗрчи • (ajak pĕrč̬i) (plural аяк пӗрчисем)

ajak pĕrč̬i (romanization)
аяк пӗрчисем (plural)


типӗ

типӗ • (tip̬ĕ)

withered, stale (not fresh and soft anymore)


типӗ

типӗ • (tip̬ĕ) (plural типӗсем)

cv-noun

типӗ • (tip̬ĕ) (plural типӗсем)


пӗл

to know (to be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered)


хӑра

head

хӑра • (hăra) (plural хӑрасем)

cv-noun

хӑра • (hăra) (plural хӑрасем)

From Proto-Turkic *kork- (“to fear”). Cognate with Turkish kork- (“to fear”).


хӑра

head

хӑра • (hăra)


тӗрӗс

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs)


тӗрӗс

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs) (plural тӗрӗссем)

cv-noun

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs) (plural тӗрӗссем)


тӗрӗс

head

тӗрӗс • (tĕrĕs)


вӗрен

вӗрен • (vĕren) (plural вӗренсем)

cv-noun

вӗрен • (vĕren) (plural вӗренсем)


вӗрен

head

вӗрен • (vĕren)

From Proto-Turkic *ögren- (“to get accustomed to; to learn”).
Cognate with Turkish öğren-, Azerbaijani öyrən-, Kazakh үйрену (üirenu), etc.


вӗр

Probably from the same root as Etymology 1 above. Cognate with Turkish ürü- (“to bark”).


манӑн

head

манӑн • (manăn)

manăn (romanization)
эпӗ (nominative)
мана (accusative dative indefinite)
манӑн (genitive)
ман (genitive)
манпа (instrumental)
манта (locative)
мантан (ablative)


ҫывӑх

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh) (plural ҫывӑхсем)

cv-noun

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh) (plural ҫывӑхсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yaguk (“close”), equivalent to an unattested ҫывӑ (śyvă, "to come close") + -к (-k).
Cognate with Turkish yavuklu (“fiancee”).


ҫывӑх

head

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh)


ҫывӑх

ҫывӑх • (śyvăh)


валашка

валашка • (valaška) (plural валашкасем)

cv-noun

валашка • (valaška) (plural валашкасем)

valaška (romanization)
валашкасем (plural)


хӑвӑл

head

хӑвӑл • (hăvăl) (plural хӑвӑлсем)

cv-noun

хӑвӑл • (hăvăl) (plural хӑвӑлсем)


шутла

head

шутла • (šutla)


пурӑн

пурӑн • (purăn)


шӑршла

шӑршла • (šăršla)

шӑршӑ кӑлар

šărš̬ă k̬ălar


ҫапӑҫ

ҫапӑҫ • (śap̬ăś)


ҫап

From Proto-Turkic *čap- (“to beat, hit”).


сӑтӑр

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr) (plural сӑтӑрсем)

cv-noun

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr) (plural сӑтӑрсем)


сӑтӑр

head

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr)


сӑтӑр

сӑтӑр • (săt̬ăr)


кирпӗч

кирпӗч • (kirp̬ĕč) (plural кирпӗчсем)

cv-noun

кирпӗч • (kirp̬ĕč) (plural кирпӗчсем)

kirp̬ĕč (romanization)
кирпӗчсем (plural)


ӑслӑх

head

ӑслӑх • (ăslăh) (plural ӑслӑхсем)

cv-noun

ӑслӑх • (ăslăh) (plural ӑслӑхсем)

ӑслӑлӑх ӑслӑлӑх#Chuvash

Alternative form of ӑслӑлӑх (ăslălăh, “science”)


ҫӳре

head

ҫӳре • (śüre)

From Proto-Turkic *yüri- (“to walk”). Cognate with Turkish yürü- (“to walk; to function, work, run”).


ӑслӑлӑх

head

ӑслӑлӑх • (ăslălăh) (plural ӑслӑлӑхсем)

cv-noun

ӑслӑлӑх • (ăslălăh) (plural ӑслӑлӑхсем)

ăslălăh (romanization)
ӑслӑлӑхсем (plural)


шухӑш

head

шухӑш • (šuh̬ăš) (plural шухӑшсем)

cv-noun

шухӑш • (šuh̬ăš) (plural шухӑшсем)


вӗлер

head

вӗлер • (vĕler)


тыт

to catch, to arrest, to be caught red-handed

to retain, to keep (e.g. moisture in the soil or warmth)


шухӑшла

шухӑшла • (šuh̬ăšla)

suf

шухӑш (šuh̬ăš) + -ла (-la)


кӳлӗ

head

кӳлӗ • (külĕ) (plural кӳлӗсем)

cv-noun

кӳлӗ • (külĕ) (plural кӳлӗсем)


тусан

head

тусан • (tus̬an) (plural тусансем)

cv-noun

тусан • (tus̬an) (plural тусансем)


хӑйӑр

head

хӑйӑр • (hăjăr) (plural хӑйӑрсем)

cv-noun

хӑйӑр • (hăjăr) (plural хӑйӑрсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kạyïr (“salt steppe; sandbank; gravel; sand”). Cognate with dialectal Turkish kayır (“sand”), Southern Altai кайыр (kayïr, “salt marsh”).


хӑйӑр

head

хӑйӑр • (hăjăr)


карчӑк

карчӑк • (karč̬ăk) (plural карчӑксем)

cv-noun

карчӑк • (karč̬ăk) (plural карчӑксем)

karč̬ăk (romanization)
карчӑксем (plural)


кивӗ

head

кивӗ • (kivĕ)


тӗтре

тӗтре • (tĕtre) (plural тӗтресем)

cv-noun

тӗтре • (tĕtre) (plural тӗтресем)


такӑн

head

такӑн • (tak̬ăn)

to stammer, to falter (to utter with hesitation, or in a weak and trembling manner)


тӑпра

тӑпра • (tăpra) (plural тӑпрасем)

cv-noun

тӑпра • (tăpra) (plural тӑпрасем)


хастар

head

хастар • (hastar) (plural хастарсем)

cv-noun

хастар • (hastar) (plural хастарсем)

hastar (romanization)
хастарсем (plural)


тӳн

From Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Cognate with Turkish dön- (“to turn, overturn”), Azerbaijani dön- (“to turn”), etc.

(colloquial) to go to bed, to go to sleep


пӳрт

head

пӳрт • (pürt) (plural пӳртсем)

cv-noun

пӳрт • (pürt) (plural пӳртсем)

Possibly from Eastern Mari пӧрт (pört). Alternatively related to Yakut бырт (bırt, “wellbeing, wealth”).


ҫурт

head

ҫурт • (śurt) (plural ҫуртсем)

cv-noun

ҫурт • (śurt) (plural ҫуртсем)

From Proto-Turkic *yūrt. Doublet of юрта (jurt̬a).


ватӑ

head

ватӑ • (vat̬ă) (plural ватӑсем)

cv-noun

ватӑ • (vat̬ă) (plural ватӑсем)


ватӑ

head

ватӑ • (vat̬ă)

ватӑ асанне

ватӑ асатте

ватӑ кукамай

ватӑ кукаҫей


тӳпе

тӳпе • (tüp̬e) (plural тӳпесем)

cv-noun

тӳпе • (tüp̬e) (plural тӳпесем)

Inherited from Proto-Oghur *töpe, from Proto-Turkic *tepe.

(anatomy) crown; the topmost part of the head

(figurative) highest point, highest stage or level of something


тӳпе

head

тӳпе • (tüp̬e) (plural тӳпесем)

cv-noun

тӳпе • (tüp̬e) (plural тӳпесем)


ӳк

to come out (e.g. well, in photographs or pictures)

to appear, to emerge, come up (of thoughts, ideas etc.)


ҫун

From Proto-Turkic *yan- (“to burn (intr.), blaze up”). Cognate with Turkish yan- (“to burn (intr.)”)

inh

(of food) to burn (to become overheated to the point of being unusable)

(of a sauna) to become heated, to reach the right temperature


шӑхӑрчӑк

head

шӑхӑрчӑк • (šăh̬ărč̬ăk)

suf

шӑхӑр (šăh̬ăr) + -чӑк (-čăk)

whistle (device used to make a whistling sound, act of whistling)


шӑхӑр

head

шӑхӑр • (šăh̬ăr)


шӑхӑр

шӑхӑр • (šăh̬ăr)

шӑрчӑк

шӑхӑрчӑк (šăh̬ărč̬ăk)

(colloquial) to understand, to get it, to catch on, to realize


шӑрчӑк

шӑрчӑк • (šărč̬ăk)

Contraction of шӑхӑрчӑк (šăh̬ărč̬ăk), from шӑхӑр (šăh̬ăr, “to whistle”). Cognate with Southern Altai сыгырчык (sïgïrčïk).


шыҫ

(boil, abscess) to gather, to come to a head


чура

чура • (čura)

Cognate with Turkmen çory (“female servant”).


чуралӑх

чуралӑх • (čuralăh)


кӑвакарчӑн

кӑвакарчӑн • (kăvak̬arč̬ăn)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫkerčin (“dove, pigeon”), equivalent to кӑвакар (kăvak̬ar, “to become blue”) + -чӑн (-čăn).
Cognate with Khalaj kö̂kərçik, Turkish güvercin, Bashkir күгәрсен (kügərsen) and Tuvan көгээзин (kögeezin).

inh+

кӑвакарчӑн куҫӗ

kăvak̬arč̬ăn k̬uś̬ĕ

кӑвакарчӑн шӑтӑкӗ

kăvak̬arč̬ăn š̬ăt̬ăk̬ĕ


уйӑх

head

уйӑх • (ujăh) (plural уйӑхсем)

cv-noun

уйӑх • (ujăh) (plural уйӑхсем)


уйӑр

head

уйӑр • (ujăr)

From Proto-Turkic *adï- (“to separate”).
Cognate with Turkish ayırmak, Azerbaijani ayırmaq Bashkir айырыу (ayırıw), Khakas азырарға (azırarğa), Kyrgyz айыруу (ayıruu), Turkmen aýyrmak, Uzbek ayirmoq, Yakut атыр (atır).


хӗвел

хӗвел • (hĕvel) (plural хӗвелсем)

cv-noun

хӗвел • (hĕvel) (plural хӗвелсем)

From Proto-Turkic *küneĺ (“sunny place”). Akin to Yakut куйаас (kuyaas).


ывӑт

head

ывӑт • (yvăt)

to throw up, to toss up (to throw something upwards)

to besew a fabric with threads of a different color


пӑрах

пӑрах • (părah)

From Proto-Turkic *bïrak- (“to let; to abandon; to send; to throw”).

inh

to set, to plant (i.e. potatoes in the furrow)

to shed, to cast (skin, fur, feathers), to moult

to lower, reduce (the price of something)


ӑмӑр

head

ӑмӑр • (ămăr)

From Proto-Turkic *omuŕ (“shoulder”), cognate with Turkish omuz.


ӑмӑр

ӑмӑр • (ămăr)

From Proto-Turkic *amïr (“gentle, quiet”). Cognate with Tuvan амыр (amır).

quiet and warm (about the weather after rain)


ӑмӑрт

ӑмӑрт • (ămărt) (plural ӑмӑртсем)

cv-noun

ӑмӑрт • (ămărt) (plural ӑмӑртсем)

Unknown, the word exists exclusively within the Bulgar language family and not in any other Turkic language. Fedotov and Yegorov suggest a very early borrowing from Persian سیمرغ (simorğ), however they do not address where the final -т (-t) comes from. Attested in Danube Bulgar as ΩΜΟΡΤΑΓ, the diminutive of ΩΜΟΡΤ (omurt ~ omort, "eagle").


ӑмӑрт

head

ӑмӑрт • (ămărt)


чӗрпӗк

чӗрпӗк • (čĕrp̬ĕk)

/t͡ɕʲø̆rʲpʲɘkʲ/

From either Proto-Turkic *čap- (“eye pus”) or *čel- (“mucus discharged by the eye”). Compare Karakhanid [script needed] (čelpek, “rheum”), Turkish çapak, etc.


ыйт

From Proto-Turkic *āy-, compare Kyrgyz айтуу (aytuu), Yakut ыйыт (ıyıt).


кӗпер

head

кӗпер • (kĕp̬er) (plural кӗперсем)

cv-noun

кӗпер • (kĕp̬er) (plural кӗперсем)

From *köpür-, from Proto-Turkic *köprüg. Compare Turkish köprü, Kyrgyz көпүрө (köpürö).


ҫырма

head

ҫырма • (śyrma)

From Chuvash ҫыр (śyr, “to write”) + -ма (-ma).


ҫырма

ҫырма • (śyrma)


пӗт

From Proto-Turkic *büt-, compare Turkish bitmek.


хӗл

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïĺ (“winter”).
Cognate with Khalaj qış, Turkish kış, Uzbek qish, Bashkir ҡыш (qış) and Yakut кыһын (kıhın).


ҫӗн

From Proto-Turkic *yeŋ-, compare Turkish yenmek.


ҫӑва

head

ҫӑва • (śăva) (plural ҫӑвасем)

cv-noun

ҫӑва • (śăva) (plural ҫӑвасем)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹbe-. Cognate with Tuvan чевег (çeveg, “grave, cemetery”).


-ла

Alternative form of -ле (-le, “denominal verb forming suffix”) (after back vowels).


ҫӑмӑл

head

ҫӑмӑл • (śămăl)


ҫӑмӑл

ҫӑмӑл • (śămăl)


сула

From Proto-Turkic *solak. Cognate with Middle Kipchak سُلاقْ (solāq) mentioned by Kashgarî as a Kipchak word in 11th century, but perhaps actually an Oghur term since there is only an Oghur descendant.


пӗтӳ

пӗтӳ • (pĕt̬ü)

From Proto-Turkic *bitig, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *biti-. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g).


-ӑҫ

From Proto-Turkic *-iĺč. Cognate with Azerbaijani -iş.

ҫап (śap, “to beat”) + -ӑҫ (-ăś) → ҫапӑҫ (śap̬ăś, “to fight”)

кан (kan, “to calm down”) + -ӑҫ (-ăś) → канӑҫ (kanăś, “peace”)


йӑх

(transitive) mount (to get on top of (an animal) to mate)


палӑр

палӑр • (palăr)

From Proto-Turkic *bel-gü-r-. Cognate with Turkish belirmek.


палӑ

палӑ • (pală)

Alternative form of паллӑ (pallă). Both Proto-Turkic *belig and Proto-Turkic *belgü are the possible etymologies, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bel-.


канӑҫ

канӑҫ • (kanăś)


канӑҫ

канӑҫ • (kanăś)

(reciprocal) to be content, to be satisfied


-ҫӗ

From Proto-Turkic *-čük, cognate with Turkish -cik.

анне (anne, “mother”) + аннеҫӗ (anneś̬ĕ, “little/pretty mother”) + -м (-m) → аннеҫӗм (anneś̬ĕm, “mumsy”)


-ҫӗ

тӗпчев (tĕpčev, “research”) + -ҫӗ (-śĕ) → тӗпчевҫӗ (tĕpčevśĕ, “researcher”)

хурал (hural, “watch”) + -ҫӗ (-śĕ) → хуралҫӑ (huralś̬ă, “watchman, guard”)


ҫӑп-ҫӑмӑл

ҫӑп-ҫӑмӑл • (śăp-śămăl)

From ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “lightweight”). Cognate with Kazakh жеп-жеңіл (jep-jeñıl).


ҫӗп-ҫӗнӗ

ҫӗп-ҫӗнӗ • (śĕp-śĕnĕ)

From ҫӗнӗ (śĕnĕ). Cognate with Turkish yepyeni.


тӑм

From Proto-Turkic *toŋ (“frost”), cognate with Turkish don.


тӑлӑх

тӑлӑх • (tălăh)

From Volga Bulgar. Akin to Eastern Mari тулык (tulyk), Western Mari тылык (tylyk). Cognate with Turkish dul, Kazakh тұл (tūl).


тӗнче

тӗнче • (tĕnč̬e)


нарат

From plural of Middle Mongol ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ (narasu), compare Mongolian нарс (nars).

(dialectal) pine (any coniferous tree in the genus Pinus)


лаша

лаша • (laš̬a) (plural лашасем)

cv-noun

лаша • (laš̬a) (plural лашасем)

Compare Russian ло́шадь (lóšadʹ), Tatar алаша (alaşa, “pack horse”), dialectal лаша (laşa), Crimean Tatar alaşa (“horse”), Kazakh алаша (alaşa, “a kind of camel”).


Атӑл

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Атӑл • (At̬ăl)

Related to Tatar Идел (İdel), from Old Turkic Etil/Ertil, of which the origin and meaning are unclear. Perhaps related to the hydronym Irtysh


уксах

From Proto-Turkic *agsa- (“to hobble”).
Cognate with Turkish aksak, Bashkir аҡһаҡ (aqhaq), Tatar аксак (aqsaq), Kazakh ақсақ (aqsaq), Kyrgyz аксак (aksak), Southern Altai аксак (aksak), etc.


ӑйӑр

ӑйӑр • (ăjăr) (plural ӑйӑрсем)

cv-noun

ӑйӑр • (ăjăr) (plural ӑйӑрсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adgïr (“stallion”).


улӑп

head

улӑп • (ulăp) (plural улӑпсем)

cv-noun

улӑп • (ulăp) (plural улӑпсем)

From Proto-Turkic *alp (“giant, warrior, hero”). Cognate with Turkish alp (“hero”), Kazakh алып (alyp, “giant”), Southern Altai алып (alïp, “giant”), Yakut алып (alıp, “deception, cunning, magic”).


пӑхӑр

head

пӑхӑр • (păh̬ăr)

From Proto-Turkic *bakïr. Cognate with Turkish bakır.


уяр

From Proto-Turkic *ayaŕ (“clear sky; frost”). Cognate with Turkish ayaz, Kazakh аяз (aäz).


уҫ

From Proto-Turkic *ač- (“to open”). Cognates include Turkish aç-, Bashkir асыу (asıw), Kazakh ашу (aşu), Yakut ас (as).


утмӑл

утмӑл • (utmăl)

Inherited from Bulgar [script needed] (altmıl, “sixty”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *altmïĺ (“sixty”), equivalent to улттӑ (ulttă, “six”) + -мӑл (-măl).
Cognate with Khalaj altmış, Turkish altmış, Uzbek oltmish and Bashkir алтмыш (altmış).


пыр

From Proto-Turkic *boguŕ. Cognate with Turkish boğaz, Crimean Tatar boğaz, Turkmen bogaz, etc.


пыр

From Proto-Turkic *bar- (“to go, reach, arrive”). Cognate with Turkish var-, Kazakh бару (baru), Yakut бар (bar).


кӗҫӗн

head

кӗҫӗн • (kĕś̬ĕn)

From Volga Bulgar كجن (“kiçin”), ultimately from Proto-Bulgar *kičin. Compare Hungarian kicsiny.


авалтан

авалтан • (avalt̬an)

Чӑвашсем авалтан Атӑл ҫинче пурӑнаҫҫӗ.

The Chuvash have lived on the Volga from time immemorial.

Čăvašsem avalt̬an At̬ăl ś̬inč̬e p̬urănaśśĕ.


пиҫ

From Proto-Turkic *bïĺč- (“to ripen”). Cognate with Turkish pişmek, Azerbaijani bişmək, Bashkir бешеү (beşew), Kazakh пісу (pısu), Kyrgyz бышуу (bışuu), Yakut бус (bus).


аваллӑх

аваллӑх • (avallăh)

аваллӑх йӑлисем


аваллӑх

аваллӑх • (avallăh)


аванлан

аванланса пыр

Сывлӑх аванланни палӑрмасть-ха.

Improvements in health have not yet been observed.

(intransitive) to improve, to ameliorate, to get better

Кӑмӑлӗ аванланчӗ.


аванлат

(transitive) to improve, to ameliorate, to better

ӗҫ технологине аванлат

(transitive) to refine, to perfect, to develop


ҫав

ҫавӑ ҫавӑ#Chuvash


аванлӑх

аванлӑх • (avanlăh)

Этеме аванлӑх илем кӳрет.

тавар аванлӑхӗ


аванмарлан

From аван (avan) + мар (mar) + -лан (-lan).

(intransitive) to spoil, go bad (of food)

Ача ют ҫынсем пуррипе аванмарланчӗ.

The boy is embarrassed around strangers.

Ač̬a jut śyns̬em p̬urrip̬e avanmarlanč̬ĕ.

to be awkward, to be embarrassed, to be shy


авӑ

авӑ ҫав

авӑ унта

Ав вут ҫунать.

(deictic, distal) Indicates something that is far away from the speaker and addressee: that, over there, yonder, yon

Авӑ мӗн чухлӗ кӗнеке.

Expresses the extent or amount of something


авӑклан

авӑклан • (avăklan)

Йывӑс авӑкланнӑ.

(intransitive) to bend, to curve, to crook


авӑклан

авӑклан • (avăklan)

Ҫил авӑкланчӗ.

(intransitive) to strengthen, to intensify


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

пӗр авӑк хушшинче

ҫав авӑкрах

авӑкран авӑка


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

авӑк куҫхарши

авӑк патак


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

юханшыв авӑкӗнче


авӑк

авӑк • (avăk)

авӑк ҫил


авӑнтар

авӑнтар • (avănt̬ar)

авӑн авӑн#Chuvash


авӑнчӑк

авӑнчӑк • (avănč̬ăk)


авӑнчӑк

авӑнчӑк • (avănč̬ăk)


авӑн

авӑн • (avăn)

Йывӑҫ авӑнса ӳсет. ― Jyvăś avăns̬a üs̬et. ― The tree is growing сrooked.

Шыв улӑх авӑна-авӑна юхать.

(intransitive) to wriggle, to coil, to meander

(intransitive) to stoop, to bend down, to bow

Тӑшман хӗснипе ӑнмарӑмӑр.

We did not give in under pressure of the enemy.

(intransitive, figuratively) to give in, to yield, to relent


авӑн

авӑн • (avăn)

(agriculture) sheaf (bundle of grain or straw)

авӑн вӑхӑчӗ

avăn văh̬ăč̬ĕ


авӑн

авӑн • (avăn)


кунсем

кунсем • (kuns̬em)


-лен

Variant of -лан (-lan) after front vowels


-лан

-лан • (-lan) (front vowel variant -лен)

вӑй (văj, “strength”) + -лан (-lan) → вӑйлан (văjlan, “to become stronger”)

шик (šik, “fear”) + -лан (-lan) → шиклен (šiklen, “to fear”)

Forms denominal or deadjectival verbs with meaning of ‘to acquire the quality of X’


лашасем

лашасем • (laš̬as̬em)

лаша лаша#Chuvash


ӑвӑс

ӑвӑс • (ăvăs)

Doublet of Chuvash ус (us, “candle”). From Volga Bulgar اَڤُسْ (awus).


амак

From Proto-Turkic *emgek (“bother, worry”). Compare Turkish emek (“labor, work”), Tatar имгәк (imgäk, “trouble”), Bashkir имгәк (imgək, “trouble, mutilation”) and Yakut эмэх (emeq, “rotten”).
Related to аман (aman, “to be maimed, to be wounded”).

cog

сарамак

jaundice; jaundice; yellow disease; lit.

хӑнтӑрамак

severe pain in sweat, white heat; beaver disease; lit.

cf. хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)


тӑвӑл

head

тӑвӑл • (tăvăl) (plural тӑвӑлсем)

cv-noun

тӑвӑл • (tăvăl) (plural тӑвӑлсем)

From Proto-Turkic *tabul (“strong wind, storm”).
Cognate with;
Turkish dağıl,
Southern Altai туул (tuul),
Yakut тыал (tıal) etc.


хурҫӑ

head

хурҫӑ • (hurś̬ă) (plural хурҫӑсем)

cv-noun

хурҫӑ • (hurś̬ă) (plural хурҫӑсем)

From Proto-Turkic *kurč (“hard, firm, stout”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur qurč (“firm, stout”);
Southern Altai курч (kurč, “steel; sharp”),
Tatar корыч (qorıç, “steel”),
Bashkir ҡорос (qoros, “steel”),
Karachay-Balkar къурч (qurç, “steel”),
Kumyk къурч (qurç, “brisk, vigorous”), etc.


ҫамрӑк

head

ҫамрӑк • (śamrăk)

Uncertain. Loaned into Hungarian gyermek (“child”) through Old Bulgar. Cognate with Proto-Mongolic *jermegei (“young man”), itself probably borrowed from a Turkic source.
A hypothetical Proto-Turkic *yermek ~ *yermük can be reconstructed, however there are seemingly no Common Turkic cognates. Róna-Tas also suggests a connection with Proto-Turkic *yabrïg (“child of an animal”), whence ҫӑвӑр (śăvăr).,


тӳ

тӳ (canonical)
тĕв (canonical)
tü (romanization)
tĕv (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tȫg- (“to beat, crush”). Cognate with Turkish dövmek, Uzbek tuymoq, Bashkir төйөу (töyöw).


тутӑ

head

тутӑ • (tut̬ă) (plural тутӑсем)

cv-noun

тутӑ • (tut̬ă) (plural тутӑсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tātïg (“taste”). Cognate with Turkish tat, Uzbek tot, Bashkir тат (tat), Old Uyghur tʾtyx (tatïɣ).


тутӑ

head

тутӑ • (tut̬ă)


ҫар

ҫар or ҫарӑ • (śar or śară)

ҫар (canonical)
ҫарӑ (canonical)
śar (romanization)
śară (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čērig (“soldier, army”). Cognate with Turkish çeri. Compare also Hungarian sereg (“army”) a Bulgar borrowing.


сухӑр

head

сухӑр • (suh̬ăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sakïŕ (“gum, resin”). Cognate with Turkish sakız, Uzbek saqich, Bashkir һағыҙ (hağıź) and Yakut ыас (ıas).


сухӑр

head

сухӑр • (suh̬ăr)


ҫуран

ҫуран • (śuran)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yadagïn (“on foot”) instrumental form of *yadag.
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰑𐰍 (yadaɣ), Turkish yayan, Bashkir йәйәү (yəyəw) and Yakut сатыы (satıı).


ҫула

head

ҫула or ҫӑвла • (śula or śăvla)

ҫула (canonical)
ҫӑвла (canonical)
śula (romanization)
śăvla (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yalga- (“to lick”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰀 (yalɣa-), Turkish yalamak, Uzbek yalamoq, Bashkir ялау (yalaw) and Yakut салаа (salaa).


ҫула

head

ҫула • (śula)

From ҫу (śu, “oil”) + -ла (-la).
Comparable to Turkish yağlamak (“to lubricate with oil”).


пушмак

head

пушмак • (pušmak) (plural пушмаксем)

cv-noun

пушмак • (pušmak) (plural пушмаксем)

pušmak (romanization)
пушмаксем (plural)

Borrowed from a neighbouring Kipchak language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *baĺmak (“boot, shoe”).


пӗрмӗш

head

пӗрмӗш or пӗрремӗш • (pĕrmĕš or pĕrremĕš)

пӗрмӗш (canonical)
пӗрремӗш (canonical)
pĕrmĕš (romanization)
pĕrremĕš (romanization)

From пӗр (pĕr, “one”) + -мӗш (-mĕš, “ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar [script needed] (bîrim), [script needed] (birinc, “first”).
Cognate with Turkish birinci, Uzbek birinchi, Bashkir беренсе (berense) and Yakut биирис (biiris).


-мӗш

head

-мӗш • (-mĕš)

From a compound of Proto-Turkic *-m (“ordinal suffix”) + Proto-Turkic *-inč (“ordinal suffix”), compare Bulgar -مْ (-m, “ordinal suffix”) and -شِ (-şi, “ordinal suffix”).
Cognate with Khalaj -minci, Turkmen -minji (“ordinal suffix”).

пиллӗк (pillĕk, “five”) + -мӗш (-mĕš) → пиллӗкмӗш (pillĕkmĕš, “fifth”)


сакӑрвуннӑ

сакӑрвуннӑ • (sak̬ărvunnă)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sekiŕ *ōn (“eighty”), equivalent to саккӑр (sakkăr, “eight”) + вуннӑ (vunnă, “ten”).
Cognate with Turkish seksen, Uzbek sakson and Bashkir һикһән (hikhən).


тӑхӑрвуннӑ

head

тӑхӑрвуннӑ • (tăh̬ărvunnă)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tokuŕ *ōn (“ninety”), equivalent to тӑххӑр (tăhhăr, “nine”) + вуннӑ (vunnă, “ten”).
Cognate with Turkish doksan, Uzbek toʻqson and Bashkir туҡһан (tuqhan).


ҫитмӗл

head

ҫитмӗл • (śitmĕl)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹtmiĺ (“seventy”), equivalent to ҫиччӗ (śiččĕ, “seven”) + -мӗл (-mĕl).
Cognate with Khalaj yêtmiş, Turkish yetmiş, Uzbek yetmish and Bashkir етмеш (yetmeş).


аллӑ

аллӑ (canonical)
алӑ (canonical)
ал (canonical)
allă (romanization)
ală (romanization)
al (romanization)

Inherited from Bulgar ال (ellü, “fifty”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *ellig (“fifty”). Possibly related to алӑ (ală, “hand”).
Cognate with Khalaj əllig, Turkish elli, Uzbek ellik and Bashkir илле (ille).


ҫак

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ček- (“to pull, weigh”).
Cognate with Khalaj çəkmək, Turkish çekmek, Uzbek chekmoq and Kazakh шегу (şegu).


пелче

head

пелче • (pelč̬e) (plural пелчесем)

cv-noun

пелче • (pelč̬e) (plural пелчесем)

Uncertain, Yegorov suggests an inheritance from Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄ĺčik (“cradle”), however this causes a phonological problem as that would have yielded something akin to пеҫӗ (peś̬ĕ). Due to this, Fedotov instead suggests a derivation from Proto-Turkic *bēle- (“to swaddle”) comparing Tatar биләүсә (biläwsä, “diaper”) from биләргә (bilärgä, “to swaddle”). Róna-Tas also states that the variations in phonology may be due to both *bẹ̄ĺčik and *bēle- influencing eachother over time.


кӑвар

head

кӑвар • (kăvar) (plural кӑварсем)

cv-noun

кӑвар • (kăvar) (plural кӑварсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫŕ (“glowing coals”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani köz, Turkish köz and Turkmen köz.


кӑвар

head

кӑвар • (kăvar)


кӳршӗ

кӳршӗ or кӳрӗш • (kürš̬ĕ or kürĕš)

кӳршӗ (canonical)
кӳрӗш (canonical)
kürš̬ĕ (romanization)
kürĕš (romanization)

Borrowed from Tatar күрше (kürşe, “neighbor”).
Cognate with Bashkir күрше (kürşe) and Kazakh көрші (körşı).


кӑвакал

head

кӑвакал • (kăvak̬al) (plural кӑвакалсем)

kăvak̬al (romanization)
кӑвакалсем (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫkel (“drake”), equivalent to кӑвак (kăvak, “blue, grey”) + -ал (-al). Yegorov also suggested it may be from an onomatopoeia ква-ква (kva-kva), however this is considered incorrect by Eren and Fedotov.
Cognate with Turkish gövel (“green headed (of ducks)”) and Bashkir күгәл (kügəl, “drake”).


вутӑ

head

вутӑ or вотӑ or вут • (vut̬ă or vot̬ă or vut)

вутӑ (canonical)
вотӑ (canonical)
вут (canonical)
vut̬ă (romanization)
vot̬ă (romanization)
vut (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōtuŋ (“firewood”) through a variant *ōtug, related to вут (vut, “fire”).
Cognate with Turkish odun, Uzbek oʻtin and Bashkir утын (utın).


чӗтре

head

чӗтре • (čĕtre)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *titre- (“to quiver”).
Cognate with Turkish titremek, Uyghur [script needed] (titrimek), Kazakh тітірәу (tıtıräu) and Yakut титирээ (titiree).

inh+

(intransitive) to shake, tremble, quiver, shake


ҫухӑр

head

ҫухӑр • (śuh̬ăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čākïr- (“to call out, shout”).
Cognate with Turkish çağırmak, Uzbek chaqirmoq and Kazakh шақыру (şaqyru).

inh+

(transitive) to scream, shout, squeal, creak


сурӑх

head

сурӑх • (surăh) (plural сурӑхсем)

cv-noun

сурӑх • (surăh) (plural сурӑхсем)

→ Eastern Mari: шорык (šoryk, “sheep”)

→ Western Mari: шарык (šaryk, “sheep”)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sarïk (“sheep”).
Cognate with Bashkir һарыҡ (harıq) and Tatar сарык (sarıq).


лӗпӗ

head

лӗпӗ • (lĕp̬ĕ) (plural лӗпӗсем)

cv-noun

лӗпӗ • (lĕp̬ĕ) (plural лӗпӗсем)

Borrowed from Western Mari лыпы (lypy, “butterfly”).
Compare Eastern Mari лыве (lyve), Hungarian lepke, Estonian liblikas.


выҫ

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āč- (“to hunger”).
Cognate with Turkish acıkmak, Uzbek ochiqmoq, Bashkir асығыу (asığıw) and Yakut аас (aas).

inh+

(intransitive) to hunger, be hungry, starve


пакӑлчак

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пакӑлчак • (pak̬ălč̬ak) (plural пакӑлчаксем)

pak̬ălč̬ak (romanization)
пакӑлчаксем (plural)

Borrowed from a neighbouring Kipchak language, ultimately from Common Turkic *bākačuk (“ankle”).
Cognate with Bashkir бәкәлсәй (bəkəlsəy), Kazakh бақалшақ (baqalşaq), Kyrgyz багалчак (bagalcak) and Tatar бәкәл (bäkäl).


хӗрӗ

хӗрӗ • (hĕrĕ) (plural хӗрӗсем)

cv-noun

хӗрӗ • (hĕrĕ) (plural хӗрӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïdïg (“edge”).
Cognate with Turkish kıyı (“shore”) and Southern Altai куйу (kuyu, “border”).


хӗрхи

head

хӗрхи • (hĕrh̬i) (plural хӗрхисем)

cv-noun

хӗрхи • (hĕrh̬i) (plural хӗрхисем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïrguy (“sparrow-hawk”).
Compare with Hungarian karvaly, a Bulgar borrowing.


хӗрхи

head

хӗрхи • (hĕrh̬i)


йӗнӗ

йӗнӗ • (jĕnĕ) (plural йӗнӗсем)

cv-noun

йӗнӗ • (jĕnĕ) (plural йӗнӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kï̄n (“sheath”).
Cognate with Turkish kın, Uzbek qin, Bashkir ҡын (qın) and Yakut кыын (kıın).


йӗнӗ

head

йӗнӗ • (jĕnĕ) (plural йӗнӗсем)

cv-noun

йӗнӗ • (jĕnĕ) (plural йӗнӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *īn (“den, lair”).
Cognate with Turkish in, Uzbek in, Kazakh ін (ın) and Yakut иин (iin).


нӑхта

head

нӑхта • (năhta) (plural нӑхтасем)

cv-noun

нӑхта • (năhta) (plural нӑхтасем)

Borrowed from Tatar нукта (nuqta), ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠨᠣᠭᠲᠤ (noɣtu, “halter”). Compare Mongolian ногт (nogt).


мулаххай

head

мулаххай • (mulahhaj) (plural мулаххайсем)

mulahhaj (romanization)
мулаххайсем (plural)

Borrowed from Tatar малахай (malaxay), ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ (malaɣai, “hat”). Compare with Mongolian малгай (malgaj).


канфет

канфет • (kanfet) (plural канфетсем)

cv-noun

канфет • (kanfet) (plural канфетсем)

kanfet (romanization)
канфетсем (plural)

Borrowed from Russian конфета (konfeta).


пӑх

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt, dung”).
Cognate with Turkish bok, Azerbaijani pox, Kazakh боқ (boq), Kyrgyz бок (bok), etc.

inh+

лаша пӑхӗ

кивӗ пӑхӑрӑн пӑхӗ ҫук, пирĕн тӑвансен ӳпки ҫук

old copper has no slag, our relatives have no grudge against us

kivĕ p̬ăh̬ărăn păh̬ĕ śuk, pirĕn t̬ăvans̬en üpki ś̬uk


пӑх

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bạk- (“to look”).


чӑт

Borrowed from Tatar [Term?] (“to endure”), ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ (čidaqu, “to be able to, to be capable”) (cf. Mongolian чадах (čadax)).

der

пӑр çынна чӑтать

(intransitive) to endure, resist, withstand

вăл кулмасӑр чӑтса лараймарӗ


хӳхӗм

head

хӳхӗм • (hüh̬ĕm)

Ultimately borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠠ (ɣayiqam-a, “to astonished”) (cf. Mongolian гайхам (gajxam, “amazing”), via a Kipchak language. Róna-Tas instead suggested that it may ultimately be from Middle Mongol ᠭᠣᠶᠤᠬᠠᠨ (ɣoyuqan, “beautiful”) (cf. Mongolian гоёхон (gojoxon, “beautiful”) noting phonological problems with the previous proposal, however Poppe rejects this on the basis of attestation. Jegorov suggests that it may be inheritance from Proto-Turkic *körk (“beauty”) (cf. Turkish görkem (“splendor”)), however Poppe notes that the phonology does not line up; see also кӗрнек (kĕrnek, “beauty”) from курӑн (kurăn, “to appear”).

noncog

хӳхӗм чечексем

хӳхӗм тапак


сайӑ

head

сайӑ • (sajă)

Ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ (sayin, “good, well, fine”) via a Turkic language. Compare Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (say, “pure”) and Kyrgyz сай (say, “outstanding”).


тӑркӑч

head

тӑркӑч • (tărk̬ăč)


пӑрӑҫ

пӑрӑҫ • (părăś) (plural пӑрӑҫсем)

cv-noun

пӑрӑҫ • (părăś) (plural пӑрӑҫсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *burč (“pepper”), itself ultimately borrowed from Middle Persian [Term?] (cf. Persian مرچ (murč)).
Cognate with Turkmen burç, Bashkir борос (boros) and Uzbek murch.


вӑртах

head

вӑртах • (vărt̬ah) (plural вӑртахсем)

cv-noun

вӑртах • (vărt̬ah) (plural вӑртахсем)

vărt̬ah (romanization)
вӑртахсем (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ortuk (“partner”). Equivalent to вӑта (văt̬a, “middle, centre”) + -х (-h).
Cognate with Turkish ortak and Tatar уртак (urtaq).


ҫилӗ

head

ҫилӗ • (śilĕ) (plural ҫилӗсем)

cv-noun

ҫилӗ • (śilĕ) (plural ҫилӗсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹlin (“udder”) through the form *jẹliŋ ~ *jẹlig. Cognate with Azerbaijani yelin, Uzbek yelin, Bashkir елен (yelen) and Yakut сирин (sirin).

inh+

Ҫиле массаж ту.


ҫилӗм

head

ҫилӗм • (śilĕm) (plural ҫилӗмсем)

cv-noun

ҫилӗм • (śilĕm) (plural ҫилӗмсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹlim (“glue”). Cognate with Uzbek yelim, Bashkir елем (yelem) and Yakut силим (silim)


ҫилӗм

head

ҫилӗм • (śilĕm) (plural ҫилӗмсем)

cv-noun

ҫилӗм • (śilĕm) (plural ҫилӗмсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yïlïm (“seine”) via a form *yalïm. Cognate with Bashkir йылым (yılım) and Yakut илим (ilim). Borrowed into Hungarian as gyalom.


хирлӳ

head

хирлӳ • (hirlü) (plural хирлӳсем)

cv-noun

хирлӳ • (hirlü) (plural хирлӳсем)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kiriĺ ~ *kïrïĺ (“bowstring”). Cognate with Turkish kiriş and Bashkir кереш (kereş).


парӑм

head

парӑм • (parăm) (plural парӑмсем)

cv-noun

парӑм • (parăm) (plural парӑмсем)


ҫилхе

head

ҫилхе • (śilh̬e) (plural ҫилхесем)

cv-noun

ҫилхе • (śilh̬e) (plural ҫилхесем)


айван

From Classical Persian حِیْوان (hâyvan, “animal, beast; brutish person”). Compare Bashkir хайуан (xaywan) and Tatar хайван (xaywan), borrowed from the same source.


пӑри

head

пӑри • (pări) (plural пӑрисем)

cv-noun

пӑри • (pări) (plural пӑрисем)

From Middle Chuvash *pŭri, earlier Middle Chuvash *pŭrai̯, Old Chuvash *buɣzai̯, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bugday.
However, Róna-Tas et al. reject the connection of the Chuvash word with the Common Turkic *bugday and instead connect it with Proto-Slavic *pyrъ, Ancient Greek πυρός (purós) etc.


пулӑҫӑ

head

пулӑҫӑ • (pulăś̬ă) (plural пулӑҫӑсем)

cv-noun

пулӑҫӑ • (pulăś̬ă) (plural пулӑҫӑсем)

pulăś̬ă (romanization)
пулӑҫӑсем (plural)


ҫӗрӗ

head

ҫӗрӗ • (śĕrĕ)

From Proto-Turkic *yüŕük. Cognate to Turkish yüzük. Compare to Hungarian gyűrű.


ҫӗрӗ

ҫӗрӗ • (śĕrĕ)

From Proto-Turkic *yörüg. Compare to Hungarian szérű (“threshing place, floor (round)”).
According to some linguists it is also from *yüŕük (“ring”).


ирлесе

head

ирлесе • (irles̬e)

From Chuvash ир (ir), from Volga Bulgar ارلا سعة (erle sa'at, “early time”).


уйран

From Middle Chuvash *yăra(n), from Old Chuvash *ï̄raɣ. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ayran (“buttermilk, airan”). Cognate with уйӑр (ujăr, “to separate”), Turkish ayran, Bashkir айран (ayran) and Hungarian író.


Т̌

(obsolete) A letter in the Yakovlev alphabet up to the 1930s.