SARS

(medicine, pathology, virology) SARS (“severe acute respiratory syndrome”) (a disease)

severe acute respiratory syndrome#English

(medicine, pathology, virology, informal) SARS-CoV-1 (the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS)

(medicine, pathology, virology, informal) SARSr-CoV (the virus species that contains the SARS virus)


蛇

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蛇):
* → Japanese: 蛇(じゃ) (ja); 蛇(だ) (da)
* → Okinawan: 蛇(じゃー) (jā)
* → Korean: 사(蛇) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: xà (蛇)

Wutunhua: shai

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal): semantic 虫 + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). 它 was also the original pictographic form of this character.
Unclear. Various theories have been proposed:
* Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lăj (“snake”), comparing this with Mizo hlai-ba (“a species of snake”) and Jingpho palai (“a species of iguana”). He also compares it to Proto-Kam-Sui *dzuːi² (“snake”). Schuessler (2007) considers these Tibeto-Burman forms to be unrelated.
* Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
* Sagart (2005) relates it to Proto-Loloish *lay¹/² (“python”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lja(ŋ/k) (“python”), as well as Proto-Austronesian *bulay (“snake”). Comparison with the Austronesian form has been challenged by Orlandi (2018).
* Schuessler (2007) notes similarity to Proto-Hlai *ljaːɦ (“snake”) (from Pre-Hlai *Cilaːɦ) as well as to Austronesian words, such as Rade ala (“snake”), but considers the Kra-Dai forms to be possible borrowings from Chinese. (He does not seem to address the Austronesian forms directly.) In his view, a more likely relationship is with the /-lé/ in Khmer រលេ (rɔlei, “sinuously, in a twisting or wiggling manner (as a snake swimming)”). In Old Chinese, this also provides the second syllable in 委蛇 (OC *qrol lal, “winding; compliant; graceful”). 蛇 (“the winding thing”) is then a euphemism for common Sino-Tibetan 虺 (OC *hŋlulʔ, “snake”) for taboo reasons.
* Zhengzhang (2011) relates it to Proto-Austronesian *SulaR (“snake”).

och-l

它
虵
𢕷
𣙛
𤜣
𥝀
𧉮

生蛇 [Cantonese] ― saang¹ se⁴ [Jyutping] ― to have shingles

蛇針／蛇针 [Cantonese] ― se⁴ zam¹ [Jyutping] ― shingles vaccine

(regional, pathology) herpes zoster; shingles


底

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tiːlʔ): semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til) – the bottom or base, foundation of a building. Note that 氐, according to one interpretation, is a figure bowing or the root of a tree, hence a connotation of "down"; if the interpretation is correct, the phonetic component also adds part of the meaning.
Cognate with 低 (OC *tiːl, “to lower; low”), 柢 (OC *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls, “root of a tree; base”).

och-l

寒底 [Cantonese] ― hon⁴ dai² [Jyutping]

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Cantonese, traditional Chinese medicine) physique; constitution (of a person)


象

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (象):
* → Japanese: 象(ぞう) (zō); 象(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 상(象) (sang)
* → Vietnamese: tượng (象)

→? Bulgar: (from 象 (OC *s-[d]aŋʔ))

Chuvash: сӑлан (sălan)

>? Proto-Slavic: *slonъ

→ Proto-Common Turkic: *yaŋan (from *žaŋga(n) < 象 (MC zjangX))

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 (yaŋa)

Western Yugur: yaŋan

→ Kalmyk: зан (zan)

→ Mongolian: заан (zaan)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”)

Lao: ຊ້າງ (sāng)

Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²)

Northern Thai: ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ (cang)

Saek: ซาง

Shan: ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang)

Tai Dam: ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ

Tai Nüa: ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang)

Thai: ช้าง (cháang)

desc

→ Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *tsaŋ (“elephant”)

Burmese: ဆင် (hcang)

→ Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")

Mon: စိၚ် (coiŋ)

→ Proto-Vietic: *ʔa-ɟaːŋ (“elephant”)

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of an elephant. ⺈ represents the trunk, 𫩏 represents the head, and 𧰨 represents the body.
This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.
Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in Han Feizi First attested in c. 221 BCE: “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called 象.”
Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.
As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. Schuessler, 2007) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese 象 should be compared with Tibetan གླང (glang), གླང་ཆེན (glang chen, “elephant”) arising from a common Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“ox, bull; elephant”), which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 1994 (unpublished) apud Behr, 2004a; cf. Old Mon draṅ (draŋ), [script needed] (graŋ, “animal horn, elephant tusk”), Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “horn, tusk”) and Kharia ɖeɽeŋ from Proto-Austroasiatic *krɨŋ (“horn”)). The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST *glaŋ to 犅 (OC *klaːŋ, “ox, bull”).
See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

inh

病象

(traditional Chinese medicine) complexion


火

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (火):
* → Japanese: 火(か) (ka)
* → Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
* → Vietnamese: hoả (火)

Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire. Written as 灬 when at the bottom of a character, but still seen in the original form in the character 灸.
See also the top component of 叟 in its original form and the bottom part of 赤.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *məj (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.
Sagart & Baxter (2024) update its Old Chinese pronunciation to 火 (OC *X.pˤərʔ) (whence MC xwaX → huǒ) and propose alternative cognacy to 燹 (OC *X.pər(ʔ)-s) (whence MC xwijH), both being prefixed by unknown element X- which turned the labial plosive *p(ʰ)- into the fricative *xw-; moreover, both are cognates to 燹 (OC *sə-pˤər(ʔ)-s) (whence MC senX → xiǎn). They also propose that aforesaid Chinese words are cognates to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *par (i.e. STEDT Etymon #2152 *bʷar ~ *pʷar (“fire; burn; kindle; roast”), see there for descendants) as well as Proto-Austronesian *dapuʀ (“cooking fire, hearth”).

cog

上火

(traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat


丸

→ Vietnamese: viên

Ideogram (指事), differentiated form of 夗 (OC *qonʔ), which was originally the same character.
Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from flipped 仄 (“to tilt”) – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.
Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮 (a kneeling person with stretched arms to indicate "to hold").

丸劑／丸剂


候

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoːs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː), as 𠊱. The 矦 component (here in modified form where the first 丿 stroke is omitted and the second 丿 stroke is written as a 丨 stroke) is an ancient form of 侯 (hóu).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)

(traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom


偞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *leb, *hleːb): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb).

Han compound

(historical dictionaries only, pathology) mild; not severe


兌

In the oracle bone script, it is a ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 八 (“speech; breath”) + 口 (“mouth”) + 人 (“person”) – speech; original character of 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak”). It is also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'oːds): phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) + semantic 人 (“person”).
Alternatively, 八 may be interpreted as smile lines above the mouth (Gao Hongjin) or as meaning “to divide” (Lin Yiguang, i.e. the mouth is divided when smiling); in either case, the character would be the original character of 悅 (OC *lod, “pleased”).

Han compound

(literary, obsolete, anatomy) opening, aperture; (especially) one of the sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, mouth)


內

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (內):
* → Japanese: 内(ない) (nai)
* → Korean: 내(內) (nae)
* → Vietnamese: nội (內)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within.
Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs


切

/t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/

(traditional Chinese medicine) to feel the pulse


劄

(Mainland China, traditional Chinese medicine) Used in 目劄 (“type of eye related illness”)..


劑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zliːls, *ʔslel): phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 刂.
From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “orderly”).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) medicinal preparation; concoction


口

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (口):
* → Japanese: 口(く) (ku); 口(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 구(口) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: khẩu (口)

Pictogram (象形) – resembles an open mouth.
In the oracle bone script, radical 口 is used for characters having abstract meanings. Such a character can have a figurative meaning derived from the phonetic part, e.g. 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”) = 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + 口 and 𪪺 (“strong; powerful”) = 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ, “bow”) + 口, or be an unrelated borrowing, e.g. 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ, “no”) = 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “calyx”) + 口.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku(w) (“mouth”). Cognate with Garo ku·sik (“mouth”), Tangut 𗋈 (*ŋwu², “mouth”).

See also: 嘴, 口腔

漱漱你的口。

Zhè huà chūzì nǐ de kǒu, tīnglái lìngrén qíguài.

這話出自你的口，聽來令人奇怪。

这话出自你的口，听来令人奇怪。

(anatomy) mouth, especially the lips and internal mouth cavity (Classifier: 把 c)


合

(Hokkien, traditional Chinese medicine) to have a traditional Chinese medicine prescription filled (of the patient)


吻

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯnʔ): semantic 口 + phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd).
Unknown. Various possibilities are (Schuessler, 2007):
* Related to 門 (OC *mɯːn, “door”);
* Related to Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”);
* Related to Proto-Vietic *c-ɓuːj(ʔ) (“lip”) (Vietnamese môi);
* Related to Burmese မုတ် (mut, “mouth”) (in မုတ်ဆိတ် (muthcit, “beard”)) and မှုတ် (hmut, “to blow with mouth”);
* Related to Khmer មាត់ (mŏət, “mouth, lip”).

Han compound

吻合

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) proboscis; lip; corner of the lips


呂

desc

→ English: Lu, Lü, Lui, Lv, Lyu, Loo, Luy, Lou, Lew

Pictogram (象形) of two vertebrae. The character was later borrowed phonetically to mean "I; give" and modified and stylized into 予.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT).

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) spine


咽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 因 (OC *qin) – connected to the mouth, the throat.


喉

→ Proto-Tai: *ɣoːᴬ

Ahom: 𑜁𑜦𑜡 (khō) or 𑜁𑜞𑜦𑜡 (khrō)

Lao: ຄໍ (khǭ)

Saek: กฺ๊อ

Shan: ၶေႃး (kháu)

Thai: คอ (kɔɔ)

Zhuang: hoz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoː): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 侯 (OC *ɡoː).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku (“neck; throat”) (STEDT); compare Chepang गुक् (“throat”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɔʔ (“neck”), whence Mon ကံ (kaʹ, “neck”), Khmer ក (kɑɑ, “neck”), Vietnamese cổ (“neck”) (Schuessler, 2007).


嗓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sŋaːŋʔ): semantic 口 + phonetic 桑 (OC *sŋaːŋ).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)a(m/ŋ) (“throat”) (STEDT).


嘴

/t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡su̯əɻ²¹⁴/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡su̯əɻ²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔseʔ): semantic 口 + phonetic 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ).
Related to 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ, “horn-like hair on the owl-head; beak of a bird; mouth”).
Further etymology is unknown. Schuessler (2007) relates it to Tibetan མཚུལ་པ (mtshul pa, “lower part of the face; muzzle; beak”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”) (STEDT).

inh

(anatomy) mouth (especially the part of the face associated with the mouth) (Classifier: 張／张 m)


器

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (器):
* → Japanese: 器(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 기(器) (gi)

desc

Korean: 그릇 (geureut, “receptacle; bowl; capacity; tolerance”) (Pan, 2006)

Uncertain.
The classical interpretation is an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): a 犬 (“dog”) guarding four 口 (“vessels”).
It might also be a phonetically borrowed character, originally meaning “to bark” (Compare 狺).
Another theory states the character is derived from 喪 (“mourning”). (Compare 噩, 哭 , 咢). Borrowed not for sound but as an ideogram (指事) referring to a funerary urn.

器官


囟

Pictogram (象形) – fontanelle. See also 𡿺 and its simplification 㐫. Unrelated to 离.


圍

→ Vietnamese: vây (“to encircle”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 囗 (“enclosure”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”).


壯

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/

/t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/

/t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsraŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士.

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion


宮

Chinese folk religion
Mazu
Qing conquest of Taiwan
Qing dynasty
ancestor worship

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 宀 + 呂: many rooms under a roof — a mansion.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qim (“house; pit; womb”); see there for hypothesized cognates.

inh

宮頸

宫颈

(anatomy, in compounds) Short for 子宮／子宫 (zǐgōng, “womb; uterus”).


寒

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 宀 (“house”) + 人 (“person”) + 茻 (“grass”) – a person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, 二 is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, 二 is changed to 仌 (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.
Contrast 宿.
Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) cold; chill


寸

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (寸):
* → Japanese: 寸(すん) (sun)
* → Korean: 촌(寸) (chon)
* → Vietnamese: thốn (寸)

Old Uyghur: tswn (tsun)

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵¹/

/t͡sʰouŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵¹/

/t͡sʰouŋ²¹³/

Characters in the same phonetic series (寸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Shuowen considered it an ideogram (指事) – a position on the forearm where the pulse can be palpated by compressing the radial artery. It is called 寸口 in modern Chinese, and the meaning of a unit of measurement is derived from the distance between the wrist and this position. Compare 又, 手, 九, 爪.
However, it may be an abbreviated form of 尊 (zūn), borrowed to mean a unit of measurement (see: 李轶.先秦度量单位"尺""寸"用字考[J].云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2010, 42(5).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5110.2010.05.017.)

Han etyl

(traditional Chinese medicine) cunkou pulse; radial artery pulse at the wrist


巔

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tiːn): semantic 山 + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“upper part”). Cognate with 顛 (OC *tiːn, “top of the head”).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine, anatomy) head


度

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 石 (“rock”) + 又 (“hand”) — hand measuring a piece of rock. Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声), with 石 (OC *djaɡ) as a phonetic component. 石 is then corrupted into ⿸广廿.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ): phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 又.
Compare 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (“handspan”). Cognate with Tibetan མཐོ (mtho, “span; span of thumb and middle finger”), Burmese ထွာ (htwa, “to measure by a handspan; a quarter yard”), အထွာ (a.htwa, “handspan; quarter yard”), တွက် (twak, “to consider, to reckon; to calculate; to refuse to do things because others would not”), အတွက် (a.twak, “calculation; because of; for the sake of”). It is unclear whether Proto-Mon-Khmer *cɗaʔ (“span; handspan”) (whence Mon ဍ (daˀ, “to measure by spans of thumb and middle finger”)) is related. Related to 圖 (OC *daː, “to plan; to consider; plan; map”).

och-l

近視300度／近视300度 ― jìnshì 300 dù ― –3.00 dioptres

(ophthalmology) Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.

Classifier for degrees.
Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.


彈

Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːn, *daːns): semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
; "to shoot pellets at; to play (a stringed instrument)"
: Pronunciation 2 ("bow for shooting pellets" > "pellet") is a general derivation of pronunciation 1 "to shoot pellets at".

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) to puncture


感

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (感):
* → Japanese: 感(かん) (kan); 感(こん) (kon)
* → Vietnamese: cảm (感)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kɯːmʔ): phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Note similarities to Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to endure, accept, catch”) (Luce, 1981).

cog

(traditional Chinese medicine) to be affected by wind-cold


把

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *praːʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).

Han compound

我替施主把把脈。

我替施主把把脉。

(traditional Chinese medicine) to feel (for the pulse)


拇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯʔ): semantic 扌 + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ).
Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“thumb”) (Schuessler, 2007), as well as Burmese မ (ma., “main; feminine suffix”).
Possibly related to 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”); compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“female suffix”), *ʔəC-ma³ (“mother”), Zhuang mehfwngz (“thumb”), derived from meh (“mother”).


散

The original version visible on oracle bone script is 㪔, hence Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 林 (“trees, forest”) + 攴 (“to knock, to tap”), also written with hemp stalks 𣏟 (> 𢽳) or bamboo 竹 instead of two trees. The original meanings are "to clear a place from vegetation; to kill". The character later started meaning "to dissipate, to disperse" since bamboo in particular breaks easily into pieces; eventually, the meaning shifted to "to walk around, to stroll".
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns): semantic 肉 + phonetic 𢽳, written as 𣀙, in which 林 is well visible on top.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (“flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast”). Cognate with 撒 (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), 宣 (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to escape; to flow out”), Burmese သွန် (swan, “to pour out; to spill”), Lahu šē (“to sow; to broadcast”), Lahu šêʔ (“to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast”).

cog

㪔
𢽳
𢿷
𣀙
𢿱
㪚
撒
嘇
糝
剼

(traditional Chinese medicine) medicine in powder form


敨

(Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien, traditional Chinese medicine) to release heat after taking diaphoretic medicine


方

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (方):
* → Japanese: 方(ほう) (hō)
* → Korean: 방(方) (bang)
* → Vietnamese: phương (方)

→ English: Fang, Fong, Png

→ Vietnamese: vuông

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 一 + 刀 (“sword”) – blade; tip of a blade. Original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “awn (of cereal); tip (of blade)”); later borrowed to mean “side”. Other theories regarding the origin of this character also exist.
It is unrelated to 㫃 (“fluttering flag”), from which characters like 旗 (OC *ɡɯ, “flag”) and 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “troops”) are derived.
; "side; square; region"
; "parallel boats"
; "just now"; "now"
; "method; law"

och-l

古方

偏方

(traditional Chinese medicine) prescription


暑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (暑):
* → Japanese: 暑(しょ) (sho)

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *sji̯ouX (“warm”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hjaʔ): semantic 日 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

Han compound

中暑 ― zhòngshǔ ― to get a heatstroke

消暑

(traditional Chinese medicine) summer heat (a cause of illness)


枯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰaː): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).
Apparently Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ខះ (khah, “to dry up; to wither”) (Schuessler, 2007), which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ckəh (“dry”).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) partial paralysis


氣

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (氣):
* → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
* → Vietnamese: khí (氣)

→ English: chi, qi, ki

→ Finnish: ki

/t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.
Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Han compound

气
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
𣅠
㫓
*暣
気

元氣

元气

氣虛

气虚

(Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force


涼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-glak ~ m-glaŋ (“cold; freeze”). Cognate with 霜 (OC *sraŋ, “frost”), Tibetan གྲང་ (grang, “cold”). According to Schuessler (2007), this etymon seems to have a wider distribution: Compare Austroasiatic Kharia raŋga (“cold; freeze”), Khmer រងា (rɔɔrɔngiə, “cold”).
A derivative is probably 凔 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “cold”). A vocalic variant is 冷 (OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ, “cold”).

inh

(traditional Chinese medicine) heat-preventing


淋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm).
Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) strangury; urinary urgency and pain on urination

(pathology) gonorrhoea (i.e. “dripping”)


濕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰl'ɯːb, *hŋjɯb): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㬎 (xiǎn).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) delayed; impassable


炎

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (炎):
* → Japanese: 炎(えん) (en)
* → Korean: 염(炎) (yeom)
* → Vietnamese: viêm (炎)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 火 (“fire”) + 火 (“fire”). Vertical duplication of 火 (“fire”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; lick; flame”) (STEDT). Cognate with Chepang लेम्ह्सा (lemh‑, “to lick”), Burmese အလျှံ (a.hlyam, “flame; iridescence”). Within Chinese, cognate with 焰 (OC *loms, “to flame up”), 舔 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, “to lick”). Compare also Khmer លាម (liəm, “to flare up”) (Schuessler, 2007).


炮

(traditional Chinese medicine) to prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching


烲

(traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat


焦

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 隹 (“bird”) + 火 (“fire”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to cook; to bake”). Cognate with Tibetan འཚོད ('tshod, “to cook”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil”). Compare also the following Sinitic words (STEDT):
* 燋 (OC *ʔsew, *ʔsewɢ, “to roast, burn, scorch; torch”)
* 樵 (OC *zew, “to gather firewood; firewood; burn fuel”)
* 爝 (OC *ʔsewɢs, *ʔsewɢ, *zewɢ, “torch”)
* 竈 (OC *ʔsluːɡs, “stove, kitchen”)


焫

(traditional Chinese medicine) to burn a needle applied to acupoints to stimulate them


熨

(traditional Chinese medicine) to foment


熱

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (熱):
* → Japanese: 熱(ねつ) (netsu)
* → Korean: 열(熱) (yeol)
* → Vietnamese: nhiệt (熱)

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋjed): phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).
Schuessler (2024) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”), နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).
Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).

Han compound

用烏麻油的物件真熱。

用乌麻油的物件真热。


燒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hŋjew, *hŋjaws): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
From 蕘 (OC *ŋjew, “firewood; fuel”) with causative devoicing (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - describes the weather; ‡ - describes objects

(medicine) to have a fever; to run a temperature


燥

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (燥):
* → Japanese: 燥(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 조(燥) (jo)
* → Vietnamese: táo (燥)

→ Vietnamese: ráo (𫧭, “be dried up”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *saːwʔ, *saːws): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Min, of food or medicine) heaty


片

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɛːnᴮ¹

Ahom: 𑜇𑜢𑜐𑜫 (phiñ)

Lao: ແຜ່ນ (phǣn)

Northern Thai: ᨹᩯ᩠᩵ᨶ

Shan: ၽႅၼ်ႇ (phèn)

Tai Dam: ꪵꪠ꪿ꪙ

Tai Nüa: ᥚᥦᥢᥱ (phǎen)

Thai: แผ่น (pɛ̀n)

/pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵/

/pʰen³³⁻³³⁵/

/pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵/

/pʰen³³⁻³³⁵/

Mirror image of 爿 (OC *braːn, “piece”), which is the pictogram of a bed.
Shuowen: half of 木 (“wood; tree”) to denote “to pare; to slice”; but this interpretation is not based on oracle bones and bronzes.


牙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牙):
* → Japanese: 牙(げ) (ge); 牙(が) (ga)
* → Korean: 아(牙) (a)
* → Vietnamese: nha (牙)

→ Proto-Tai: *ŋaːᴬ (“tusk, ivory”)

Thai: งา (ngaa)

Lao: ງາ (ngā)

Lü: ᦇᦱ (ngaa)

Shan: ငႃး (ngáa)

Ahom: 𑜂𑜠 (ṅa)

→ Proto-Vietic: *ŋaː (“ivory”)

Vietnamese: ngà

The pictogram of a pair of elephant tusks. According to Xu Shen, this pictogram was used to indicate human molars but not front teeth/incisors (齒).
Norman and Mei (1976) propose that this was a substrate loan; cf. Proto-Vietic *ŋaː (“ivory”) (Vietnamese ngà), Proto-Tai *ŋaːᴬ (“tusk; ivory”) (Thai งา (ngaa)). Pulleyblank (1983) disagrees with their hypothesis and considers Old Chinese to be the donor of this Wanderwort instead.
STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja (“tusk; tooth”), comparing it to Mizo ngho (“tusk; fang”), Manipuri ꯌꯥ (yā, “tooth”), Mru [script needed] (hngou, “tooth”), Pa'o Karen [script needed] (tə́ʔ ŋà, “tooth”).
; Hong Kong Cantonese neologism prefix

cog

拔牙

我牙疼。

(anatomy) tooth (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 隻／只 m c; 棚 c)

牙雕


球

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (球):
* → Japanese: 球(きゅう) (kyū)
* → Korean: 구(球) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: cầu (球)

→ Zhuang: giuz

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡu): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu).
"Ball", earlier some "kind of jade". Bodman (1980) relates this to Wuming Zhuang klauᴬ² (“ball”), and relates 俅 (qiú, “gem-adorned”) to Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “lustre of gems”). This character had a softened initial in Proto-Min.
Originally written as 毬 (since Tang dynasty) when referring to a ball. The form 球 (since Qing dynasty) is now more common.


瓣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *breːns): phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 瓜 (“melon”). However, the phonetic component (the reduplication of the knife to mark prisoners) perhaps symbolizes two prisoners accusing each other, which then leads to the concept of "discrimination, differentiation" and finally to the concept of "part, segment, what is differentiated", originally referred to melon seeds.
;"segment, section, piece"
;"petal"

Han compound

二尖瓣

(medicine) Short for 瓣膜 (bànmó, “valve”).


疝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sreːn, *sraːns): semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn).


疳

(traditional Chinese medicine) infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinal parasites


疽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰa): semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa)

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) ulcer; carbuncle; abscess


痞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ): semantic 疒 + phonetic 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ).
"Protuberance"? > "enlargement of an abdominal organ; pain due to splenomegaly" > "[dialectal] abdominal tumour".

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) stuffiness, fullness and discomfort in the epigastrium; dyspepsia or constipation


痧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 疒 (“illness; disease”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).

(traditional Chinese medicine or dialectal) acute illness, such as heatstroke, cholera, and measles


痿

(traditional Chinese medicine) to be lacking in sexual energies


瘧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋawɢ): semantic 疒 + phonetic 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ).
Perhaps related to 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ, “to oppress, to coerce, to be violent”).
Compare Thai งก ๆ (ngók-ngók, “shivering, shaking (due to fever or fear)”), Thai หงก ๆ (ngòk-ngòk, “shivering (as from ague)”).

cog

(medicine) ague; malaria; intermittent fever and shivering


癆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raːw, *raːw, *raːws): semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws).
From 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws, “to toil”) (Wang, 1982).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) internal injury caused by overstraining


癖

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (癖):
* → Japanese: 癖(へき) (heki)
* → Korean: 벽(癖) (byeok)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ): semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) lump in the abdomen; splenomegaly; indigestion


癗

(dermatology) swelling, weal, or pustule on the skin


癥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tɯŋ): semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 徵 (OC *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ)

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) lump in the abdomen

(traditional Chinese medicine) abdominal tumor; bowel obstruction


癬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *senʔ): semantic 疒 + phonetic 鮮 (OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens).

Han compound

(dermatology, pathology) ringworm; tinea


癭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qeŋʔ): semantic 疒 + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).


眥

(anatomy, ophthalmology) canthus; corner of the eye


眸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mu): semantic 目 + phonetic 牟 (OC *mu).


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Han compound

See also: 目

2002, “你是我的眼 [You are My Eyes]”, in 你是我的眼 [You are My Eyes], performed by 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:

You are my eyes, leading me to have a taste of the changing seasons.

Nǐ shì wǒ de yǎn, dài wǒ lǐnglüè sìjì de biànhuàn.

你是我的眼，帶我領略四季的變換。

你是我的眼，带我领略四季的变换。

(anatomy) eye (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 雙／双 m c; 對／对 c)


瞳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 目 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ).
From 童 (OC *doːŋ, “child”). Compare English pupil (“‘child’ > student; pupil of eye”) for a similar semantic development.


砭

(traditional Chinese medicine) stone needle used in acupuncture

(traditional Chinese medicine) to stab with such a needle


積

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ): semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).
* (to collect; to accumulate): Cognate with Tibetan རྩིག་པ (rtsig pa) (Schuessler, 2007).
* (jack; knave, to jack): From English jack.

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) indigestion


穴

Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形)—possibly an entrance to a cave or a door flap. A conservative version is 𠕉. See also 奐 and the top component of 罙.


竇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'oːɡs): semantic 穴 (“hole”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ)


筋

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 竹 (“bamboo”) + 𠛧 (“peel”) – sinew (bamboo is sinewy when peeled). The component 力 is a corruption of 刀 (刂).

ngo⁵ hou² zung¹ ji³ sik⁶ ngau⁴ gan¹ jyun².

我好鍾意食牛筋丸。

我好钟意食牛筋丸。

(anatomy) vein that stands out on the skin; prominent superficial vein


精

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Probably related to 晶 (OC *ʔsleŋ, “brilliant; crystal”).

Han compound

精氣／精气

vital substance which maintains body function

(traditional Chinese medicine) jing (dense essence stored in the kidneys that is the material basis for the physical body)


結

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kiːd): semantic 糸 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjit (“to tie; to bind”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིག (khyig, “to bind”), Burmese ကျစ် (kyac, “to twist”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).


經

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs): semantic 糹 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) blood vessel


肓

(traditional Chinese medicine) the part of human body between the heart and the diaphragm, which was thought to be unreachable by medicament


肘

Originally an ideogram (指事): a hand (又) with a stroke outlining the elbow. This character was distinct from 寸; however, their shapes were too similar, so the radical 肉/⺼ was added to distinguish it, making it an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g(r)u (“elbow, cubit”).


肢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kje): semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
Originally the same word as 支 (OC *kje, “branch (of tree), limb; to support”); see there for more (STEDT).


肱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷɯːŋ): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 厷 (OC *kʷɯːŋ). 厷 is the original form of this character.

Han compound

With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, and my bended arm for a pillow; I have still joy in the midst of these things.

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Fàn shūshí yǐnshuǐ, qū gōng ér zhěn zhī, yuè yì zài qízhōng yǐ.

飯疏食飲水，曲肱而枕之，樂亦在其中矣。

饭疏食饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。


肺

→ Proto-Tai: *pwɤtᴰ

Lao: ປອດ (pǭt)

Phake: ပွတ် (pot)

Shan: ပွတ်ႇ (pàut)

Thai: ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt)

Zhuang: bwt

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰobs): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-wap (“lung”).


背

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs): phonetic 北 (OC *pɯːɡ) + semantic 月 (“meat”). Originally written as 北, semantic 肉 was added to be distinguished from the derived meaning of 北 (“north”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bə(q) (“to carry (on back), shoulder”).
Two pronunciations were distinguished in Middle Chinese: puʌiᴴ (“back”), buʌiᴴ (“to turn one's back to; to betray”).

inh

捶背

馬背

马背

Yī ge háizi tūrán pǎo guòlái, jīhū pèng zhe tā bèi shàng de jiàn jiān, shǐ tā xià chū le yī shēn hàn.

一個孩子突然跑過來，幾乎碰著他背上的劍尖，使他嚇出了一身汗。

一个孩子突然跑过来，几乎碰着他背上的剑尖，使他吓出了一身汗。


胳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *klaːɡ): semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak.
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”).

zh-l

胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â)

cog

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) armpit

胳膊

胳臂


脅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hlams, *hlab): phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb) + semantic 肉.


脈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mreːɡ): semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 𠂢 (pài).
Baxter & Sagart (2014) relate 脈 (OC *C.m'[i]k, “vein”) to 淢 (OC *m̥(r)ik, “rapid stream”) ~ 洫 (OC *m̥(r)ik, “ditch, moat”).
They additionally relate 脈 (OC *C.m'[i]k, “vein”) to 血 (OC *m̥ˤik, “blood”), yet Schuessler (2019) criticizes Baxter & Sagart for "phonetic over-interpretation of graphs" to reconstruct Old Chinese pronunciation *m̥ˤik for 血 and for confusing etymological link with mental association between "blood" and "vein".

Han compound

(traditional Chinese medicine) blood vessels; veins and arteries


脊

Originally a pictogram (象形) of a fish spine. 肉 was added later to distinguish it. The top component corrupted into 𠦬, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔseɡ): phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).


脣

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɦljun): phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).
Original meaning was apparently “edge”. Related to 漘 (OC *ɦljun, “bank of a river”), 宸 (OC *djɯn, “eave (i.e. edge of a roof)”) and 胗 (OC *kljɯnʔ, *klɯnʔ, “ulcer of the lip”) (Wang, 1982).
Further etymology is not clear. The various theories are:
* Schuessler (2007): Related to Lepcha ᰣᰌᰫᰯ (a-dul, “lips”) < root ᰌᰫᰯ (dul) (STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”)).
* Benedict (1972): Related to Tibetan མཆུ (mchu, “lips; beak of a bird”) (derived from the same Sino-Tibetan etymon in STEDT).


脹

(medicine, of muscles, skin, etc.) to swell

(medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy


腎

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡjinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).


腦

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (腦):
* → Japanese: 脳(のう) (nō)
* → Korean: 뇌(腦) (noe)
* → Vietnamese: não (腦)

Originally 匘, an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 匕 + 巛 (“hair”) + 囟 (“head; fontanel”). 匕 was later replaced with 肉 (“flesh”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rnuq. Cognate with Burmese ဦးနှောက် (u:hnauk), Nuosu ꀑꆊ (o not, “brain”), Jingpho nu' (“brain”), Drung unu (“brain; mind”), Japhug tɯrnoʁ, S'gaw Karen ခိၣ်နူာ် (khoh̀noọ, “brain”).


腰

→ Proto-Tai: *ˀjeːwᴬ (“waist”)

Lao: ແອວ (ʼǣu)

Northern Thai: ᩋᩯ᩠ᩅ

Tai Dam: ꪵꪮꪫ

Thai: เอว (eeo)

Shan: ဢႅဝ် (ʼěao)

Zhuang: yiu

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qew): semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 要 (OC *qew, *qews).

Han compound

(anatomy) waist; lower back; small of the back (Classifier: 條／条 c)


腳

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaɡ): semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 卻 (OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) – part of the body, the foot or leg.
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to Min 跤.

Han compound

(anatomy) foot (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 雙／双 m c; 對／对 c)


腸

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aŋ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jaŋ ~ m-jaŋ (“large intestine”), whence Helambu Tibetan ནང་ཇུལ (nang jul, “viscera; guts; entrails”) and Chepang योङ्क्लीः (yoŋ-kliʔ, “intestine”) (STEDT).
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is also cognate with Tibetan ལོང་ཀ (long ka, “intestines; entrails; guts”).
; Hong Kong Cantonese "penis"


腹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *puɡ): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ) – a part of the body.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-puːk (“belly; vitals; hollow object; cave”); cognate with 𥨍 (“cave”), Tibetan ཕུགས (phugs, “innermost parts”), Burmese ဗိုက် (buik, “belly; pregnancy”), အပေါက် (a.pauk, “hole”), Chepang तुक् (“belly; stomach”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *bi(ʔ)-buk (“guts”), Cogtse Situ [Term?] (tə-pōk, “belly”), Brag-bar Situ [Term?] (tə-vōk, “belly”), Proto-Tani *puk (“heart”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
Also compare Austroasiatic words: Proto-Mon-Khmer *bo()k (“belly”), Khmer ពោះ (pŭəh, “belly”), Vietnamese bụng (“belly”)(Shorto, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).


腺

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 腺(せん) (sen).
Spelling pronunciation, as 線／线 (xiàn).


膈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kreːɡ): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ).


膝

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *siɡ): semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – the knee.
Originally 厀, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *siɡ): phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”).
From an *s-prefixed form of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsik (“joint”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

膝蓋

膝盖


膽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *taːmʔ): semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).
Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".

Han compound

The Wei soldiers, craving vengeance, competed [to wreak it], and they sliced open [Jiang] Wei's belly; his gallbladder was as big as a hen's egg.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

Wèibīng zhēng yù bàochóu, gòng pōu Wéi fù, qí dǎn dà rú jīluǎn.

魏兵爭欲報讎，共剖維腹，其膽大如雞卵。

魏兵争欲报雠，共剖维腹，其胆大如鸡卵。

膽囊

胆囊


臂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *peɡs): phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-jak (“arm”), whence Lepcha [script needed] (pek), Limbu [script needed] (phuk-bek), Tibetan ཕྱག (phyag, “hand; arm”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).


舌

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet

Characters in the same phonetic series (舌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a forked tongue emerging upwards from a mouth (口). See also 言 and 音. Unrelated to 舍, in which it represents a hut.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-l(j)a-t (“tongue”); compare Western Magar मेलेट (melet, “tongue”), Jingpho shinglet (“tongue”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2009). The reconstruction of a complex initial *m(ə)-l- in Old Chinese is based on evidence from the softened initial in Proto-Min as well as Proto-Hmong-Mien *mblet (“tongue”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese minimally as *m-lat, derives it from 舐 (OC *m-leʔ, “to lick”) + *-t (“nominal suffix for natural objects”), literally “licker”.


芤

(traditional Chinese medicine) Used in compounds.


莖

/t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).
Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).
脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.

cog

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, traditional Chinese medicine) penis


華

Pictogram (象形); this was the original form of 花 (OC *hʷraː, “flower”). In the bronze inscription form, the top part of the glyph resembles flowers of a plant, and the bottom part (于) resembles its stalk and leaves. Also phono-semantic (形聲 /形声), with 于 (OC *ɢʷa) functioning as the phonetic part. In the seal script, 艸 (“grass; plant”) was added as a semantic component.
華 (𦻏) and 𠌶 were initially the same character, but they were erroneously split in Shuowen into two entries.

(traditional Chinese medicine) flower pulse; weak pulse


薦

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and jiajie (假借): 艸 (“grass”) + 廌 (“wild beast”) - "pasture". Later borrowed for sound to mean "recommend".

Han compound

(anatomy) Alternative name for 骶 (dǐ, “sacrum”).


衈

(traditional Chinese medicine) bleeding of the eyes and ears


衕

(traditional Chinese medicine) diarrhoea


診

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'ɯns, *kljɯnʔ): semantic 言 + phonetic 㐱.

Han compound

(medicine) to examine (a patient); to diagnose


賓

In oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): a person 人 in a building 宀 – a guest. Bronze inscriptions added 貝 (“money; valuables”), signifying gifts.
Variants that replaced 人 with 万 (OC *mans, *mɯːɡ) were also common, and posited to be the original form of 丏 (OC *meːnʔ), which would also act as the character's phonetic component, which has corrupted into ⿱一𣥂 in the modern form.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mpin): phonetic 𡧍 (OC *meːnʔ) + semantic 貝.
From n-nominalization of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pi (“to give”). Cognate with 嬪 (OC *bin, “to become a bride”), which is an endopassive of 賓 (OC *mpin, “lit, "to be received like a guest"”). See 畀 (OC *pids, “to give”) for more cognates.

och-l

宾
賔
𧶉
𧶎
𥦎
𡪛
𡧍
𡫅
𢊟
𧶑
𠆄

(Cantonese, anatomy) Short for 賓舟／宾舟 (“penis”).


足

Characters in the same phonetic series (足) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) of a leg; the pictogram is similar to ⽦.
Uncertain. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟuŋ ~ *ɟuəŋ ~ *ɟəŋ (“leg, foot”), whence Mon ဇိုၚ် (cf. Schuessler, 2007).


趾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kjɯʔ): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ)


身

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (身):
* → Vietnamese: thân (身)

Characters in the same phonetic series (身) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): from a pictograph of a pregnant woman. See also the reversed version 㐆. Unrelated to 射.
STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n ~ *sin (“flesh; animal; body”), but recent Old Chinese reconstructions would not support this etymology.
Because 身 is used as a phonetic for 仁 (OC *niŋ) in excavated texts, Baxter and Sagart (2012, 2014) reconstruct the initial as nasal. This would allow for a comparison to Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Japhug tɯsni (“heart”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2012; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-niŋ (“heart; mind; brain”).


邪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ljaː, *laː): phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 邑 (“town; city”).
The semantic component suggests that this character was originally used in a place name, which Shuowen suggests to be 琅邪. It was later borrowed for other meanings, the most prominent being “wrong; evil” (originally written as 衺).

Han compound

風邪

风邪

(traditional Chinese medicine) unwholesome environmental factor; pathogenetic factor


鈹

(traditional Chinese medicine) long stone needle used for acupuncture


門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (門):
* → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
* → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
* → Vietnamese: môn (門)

Wutunhua: men

Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character (𠁣).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mur (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).
; “-gate”


關

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (關):
* → Japanese: 関(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 관(關) (gwan)
* → Vietnamese: quan (關)

→ English: Guan, Kwan

The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“locked door; two wooden sticks to lock a door”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component. The whole character represents a door locked with two wooden sticks.
Then, the character slightly evolved into Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːn): semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅, in which two couples of rings similar to 幺幺 are visible on top of the two wooden sticks.
Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

关
関
𨶚
𢇅
𬮦
闗
閞

(traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 關上／关上 (guānshàng, “guan, a pulse position on the wrist”).


霜

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (霜):
* → Vietnamese: sương (霜)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sraŋ): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).
From 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ) with an s- (nominalizer) prefix (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

防曬霜

防晒霜


頜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb): phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 頁 (“head”).


頭

/tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Burmese language
French language
German language
Khmer language
Latin language
Middle High German language
Nuosu language
Proto-Loloish language
Proto-Mon-Khmer language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doː): phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Replaced earlier 首 (MC syuwX, “head”) due to homophony with 手 (ɕɨuX, “hand”) (Sagart, 1999).
Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-pu (“head”) or its allofam *du (“head”); compare Tibetan དབུ (dbu, “head”), Burmese ဦး (u:, “head”), Nuosu ꀑ (o, “head”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-du² (“head”) (Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT; Starostin).
* Contraction of 髑髏 (OC *doːɡ roː, “skull”) (Wu, 2006).
* From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duul() (“to carry on one's head”), whence Khmer ទូល (tul); this is phonologically plausible since final consonants are often lost after a long vowel in loanwords (Schuessler, 2007).
* A variant of 豆 (OC *doːs, “a kind of vessel”), as skulls could have been used as drinking recipients; compare French tête (“head”) from Latin testa (“pot; jug”) and German Kopf (“head”) from Middle High German kopf (“drinking vessel”) (Maréchal, 1994; Sagart, 1999). However, Schuessler (2007) notes that 豆 (*doːs) seems like a tone C (去聲) derivation from 頭 (*doː), which may have originally meant “skull”.
* Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *m- prefix for human body parts, deriving it from 兜 (*tˤo, “helmet; hood”).

cog-lite

我頭不再痛了。

我头不再痛了。

According to the same rules, if he have a scab on his head, he should wash it; if he have a sore on his body, he should bathe it.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Jūsāng zhī lǐ, tóu yǒu chuāng zé mù, shēn yǒu yáng zé yù.

居喪之禮，頭有創則沐，身有瘍則浴。

居丧之礼，头有创则沐，身有疡则浴。

And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:15

Wǒ yòu yào jiào nǐ hé nǚrén bǐcǐ wéi chóu; nǐ de hòuyì hé nǚrén de hòuyì yě bǐcǐ wéi chóu. Nǚrén de hòuyì yào shāng nǐ de tóu; nǐ yào shāng tā de jiǎogēn.

我又要叫你和女人彼此為仇；你的後裔和女人的後裔也彼此為仇。女人的後裔要傷你的頭；你要傷他的腳跟。

我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇；你的后裔和女人的后裔也彼此为仇。女人的后裔要伤你的头；你要伤他的脚跟。


頰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *keːb): phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – part of the head.


額

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ): phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).
This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).
The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.


顏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋraːn): phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Bronze inscription forms: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋraːn): phonetic 产 (chǎn) + semantic 面 (“face”).
Various possibilities exist:
* Related to 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”) (Wang, 1982);
* From 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to welcome”) + nominalising suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to Tibetan ངར (ngar, “front side”) (Schuessler, 2007).
* From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), & 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
* Cognate with Japhug tɯrŋa (“face”), Khroskyabs rŋá (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Han compound

(literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area


顱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *b·raː): phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː) + semantic 頁 (“head”).


顳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njeb): phonetic 聶 (OC *neb) + semantic 頁.

Han compound

(anatomy) Only used in 顳顬／颞颥 (nièrú, “temple; temporal bone”); also used as its short form.


風

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (風):
* → Japanese: 風(ふう) (fū)
* → Korean: 풍(風) (pung)
* → Vietnamese: phong (風)

→? Old Korean: (via Old Chinese) (Zhao, 2007)

desctree

Middle Korean: ᄇᆞᄅᆞᆷ (polom, “wind”)
Korean: 바람 (baram)

Drung language
Jingpho language
Shuowen
dissimilation

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *plum, *plums): phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + semantic 虫 (“insects”); the point inside 凡 is still visible above the insect, hence this component appears as 䖝. Ancient Chinese people thought that insects appear with wind. (Insects refer to any kind of animal, such as tigers (大蟲)).
In the oracle bone script, the character 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”) was phonetically borrowed to represent 風 (OC *plum, *plums). The right part of the bronze inscription of the character consists of phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) at the top, and three parts depicting the fur on the tail of the male fenghuang at the bottom. Subsequent forms of 風 are based on the right part of its bronze inscription, with two of the three threads of "fur" removed for simplification. The 虫 in the Chu script and Qin script of 風 was likely a result of further simplification of the "fur". Shuowen misinterpreted the character 風 by associating it with insects. (Li, 2012)
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *buŋ (“wind”) (STEDT). Velar nasal final -ŋ, restored later in Middle Chinese (Schuessler, 2007), is preserved in cognates like Proto-Central Naga *m-puŋ, Jingpho mabung, nbung, Drung nvmbeung.
Pronunciations 1, 2, and 3 are all cognates; with both 2 and 3 evolving from *prəm-s, exoactive (with causative suffix -s) of *prəm (Schuessler, 2007). It is unclear how Old Chinese *prəm is related to Tibetan རླུང (rlung) and Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ.
Korean 바람 (baram) may have been borrowed from Chinese (Zhao, 2007). The Chinese word has a wide range of extended meanings, and interestingly many of these have exact parallels in the Korean item. Compare Chinese 風流 and 風騷 with Korean 바람둥이 (baramdung'i).
Cognate with:
* 飛廉 (OC *pɯl ɡ·rem, “wind god”)
* 蜚蠊 (OC *pɯlʔ/bɯls ɡ·rem, “cockroach”) (note the preservation of the -r- infix in Old Chinese through disyllabification, also 嵐 (OC *b·ruːm), 葻 (OC *b·uːm))
* 瘋 (OC *plum, “mad, insane”)
* 諷 (OC *plums, “to mock, to advise”)
* 帆 (OC *bom, *boms, “sail”)
The development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese was irregular, driven by dissimilation of the initial and coda bilabial consonants.

Han compound

风
凨
凬
𠙈
𠙄
𠙊
凮
𠙗
飌
𩙣
𠂡

雲

basic weather words shared by most dialects

風寒

风寒

風濕

风湿

(traditional Chinese medicine) one of the "Six Excesses" (六淫) that cause diseases in traditional Chinese medicine

痛風

痛风

中風

中风

(traditional Chinese medicine) a type of diseases that are typically acute


首

Sino-Austronesian languages
Warring States

Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).

cog

Loving and not seeing her, I scratch my head, and am in perplexity.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

愛而不見，搔首踟躕。

爱而不见，搔首踟蹰。


骨

Characters in the same phonetic series (骨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 冎 (“skull”) + ⺼ (“body”).
Usually related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m/g-rus (“bone”), whence Tibetan རུས (rus), Nuosu ꃷꅍ (vup ddu), S'gaw Karen တၢ်ဃံ (ta̱xee), but there is no trace of a medial *r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).


骹

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰraːw): semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).


髆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *paːɡ): semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rV-pak (“shoulder”). Cognate with Tibetan ཕྲག་པ (phrag pa).


髮

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pod): semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd).
However, the original form 𩠙 was composed by 首 and 犬 (according to Takashi Takada 高田忠周, it's the contraction of 犮).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pu. Alternatively, it may be derived from 發 (OC *pad, “to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

頭髮

头发


麻

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 厂 + 𣏟: a representation of hemp leaves.
Etymology not clear, however PKS (Proto-Kam-Sui) *Ɂŋra¹ ‘sesame’ looks remotely similar to OC.

Han etyl

(traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 麻疹 (mázhěn, “measles”).


鼠

Characters in the same phonetic series (鼠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a mouse or rat. In the seal script form, which is inherited in the regular script, the upper component resembling 臼 (jiù) represents the open mouth of a rat with teeth displayed, and the lower component represents the two feet of a rat on the left and a tail on the right.
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Minimal Old Chinese as *nhaʔ (homophonous to 癙 (OC *nhaʔ) "painful, suffering", which is in the same phonetic series and may be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)) and compares to the following:
* Nyah Kur [script needed] (hnáaʔ, “small squirrel; tree shrew”);
* Proto-Mon-Khmer *kn₁(i)ʔ (“rat; mouse”): Old Mon kni' > Mon ဂၞိ (nɔeˀ), Proto-Bahnaric *knɛː;
* Proto-Kam-Sui *hnu³ (“rat”): Southern Kam not, Sui hnoc.
STEDT, on the other hand, compares 鼠 (OC *hljaʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-jəw-n (“rat; rabbit; hare”).

cog

䑕
鼡
⿱𭕄电
⿱白⿲𠄌𠄌㇂

(traditional Chinese medicine) scrofula; scrofulous


鼻

Characters in the same phonetic series (畀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *blids): semantic 自 (“nose”) + phonetic 畀 (OC *pids).
自 (OC *ɦljids) originally meant “nose” but came to be used to mean “self”, so the sense of “nose” has been replaced by 鼻 (OC *blids). Some scholars interpret 鼻 (OC *blids) as a combination of a nose (自 (OC *ɦljids)) and two lungs (畀 (OC *pids)), however 畀 on oracle bones represents an arrow.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bi (“nose”); compare Nuosu ꅳꁖ (hnap bbit, “nose; snot”).
Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-brit (“sneeze; nose; swallow”), whence Tibetan སྦྲིད (sbrid, “sneeze”), but there is no trace of r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).
In some modern lects, including Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu, and Xiang, and even in the literary layer of some Min dialects, the word reflects a form with final *-t. For example, in standard Mandarin, the word is pronounced bí (implying an old entering tone) instead of bì (the expected reflex from the departing tone in Middle Chinese). This is due to a phonological phenomenon in the northwest, either an early loss of *-s in the *-ts cluster before regular final cluster simplification occurred (Baxter, 1992), or a dialectal change from *-s to *-t (Pulleybank, 1998).

inh

(anatomy) nose (Classifier: 個／个 c; 支 mn)


齒

Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component.
Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻 /𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.

齿
歯
𠔒
𠚒
𠚕
𡽔
𣥫
𣦋
𣦗
𦥒
𦦂
𦥪

牙齒

牙齿


齲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰʷaʔ): semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 禹 (OC *ɢʷaʔ).


感冒

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kam²⁴⁻³³ mo³³/

/kæ̃⁵³ mau⁴⁵/

/kaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ mɔ²⁴²/

/kaŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɒ¹¹/

/kaŋ³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɒ²¹/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²²/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃⁴¹/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²²/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃³³/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃³³/

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kam²⁴⁻³³ mo³³/

/kæ̃⁵³ mau⁴⁵/

/kaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ mɔ²⁴²/

/kaŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɒ¹¹/

/kaŋ³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɒ²¹/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²²/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃⁴¹/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²²/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃³³/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃³³/

Attested since the Song dynasty.
冒 (mào) probably refers to “to emit; to manifest”, with 感冒 literally meaning “affected [by the wind] and [the symptoms have] manifested”.

細菌性感冒

细菌性感冒

病毒性感冒

(pathology) cold (common viral illness); common cold


可卡因

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

可卡因中毒

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) cocaine


花粉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (花粉):
* → Japanese: 花(か)粉(ふん) (kafun)
* → Korean: 화분(花粉) (hwabun)

→ Vietnamese: phấn hoa (calque)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faː⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/hue³³⁻²³ huŋ⁵²/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faː⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/hue³³⁻²³ huŋ⁵²/

(Taiwanese Hokkien, traditional Chinese medicine) powder from Chinese cucumber Trichosanthes kirilowii


翻譯

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ it̚⁵/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ iʔ⁴/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iʔ⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚¹²¹/

/hueŋ³³⁻²³ ek̚⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ek̚⁴/

/fe⁵⁵ ɦiɪʔ²¹/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ it̚⁵/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ iʔ⁴/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iʔ⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚¹²¹/

/hueŋ³³⁻²³ ek̚⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ek̚⁴/

/fe⁵⁵ ɦiɪʔ²¹/

傳譯

to translate; to do interpreting, originally referred to translation generally

(genetics) to translate (to generate a chain of amino acids based on the sequence of codons in an mRNA molecule)


激素

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ sɔ²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/kek̚²⁻⁴ su²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ su⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ sɔ²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/kek̚²⁻⁴ su²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ su⁴⁴/


手指

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃi²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/sɤ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃi²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/sɤ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si⁴²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si⁴²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³¹/

交叉手指

Please do not poke your fingers through the cage.

Qǐng qièwù jiāng shǒuzhǐ shēnrù lóng zhōng.

請切勿將手指伸入籠中。

请切勿将手指伸入笼中。

(anatomy) finger (Classifier: 根 m; 隻／只 m c)


幽門

Sino-Xenic (幽門):
* → Japanese: 幽門(ゆうもん) (yūmon)

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/iu⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/iu³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/iu⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/iu³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/


畏光

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯³³ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯³³ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(medicine) to be afraid of light; to have photophobia


痙攣

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɪŋ²² lyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɪŋ²² lyːn²¹/

腸痙攣

肠痉挛

得破傷風的人會痙攣。

得破伤风的人会痉挛。

(medicine) to spasm; to have sudden involuntary muscular contractions; to have a cramp


蹄叉腐疽

ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄚ ㄈㄨˇ ㄐㄩ

ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄚ ㄈㄨˇ ㄐㄩ

/tʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/tʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/


肛門

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

/kaŋ³³⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

/kaŋ³³⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ mən²¹/


阿司匹林

→ Zhuang: ahswhbizlinz

ㄚ ㄙ ㄆㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄚ ㄙ ㄆㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ pʰɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/a⁵⁵ sz̩³³ pʰiɪʔ³³ lin²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ pʰɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/a⁵⁵ sz̩³³ pʰiɪʔ³³ lin²¹/

Borrowed from English aspirin, via Shanghainese.

(chiefly Mainland China, organic chemistry, pharmacology) aspirin


左手

Sino-Xenic (左手):
* → Japanese: 左(さ)手(しゅ) (sashu)

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tᵘɔ⁵⁵ siu⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡so²¹³⁻²⁴ sɨu²¹³/

/t͡so²⁴⁻³³ ʃiu²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ səu⁵³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡so³³ ɕi̯u³³/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tᵘɔ⁵⁵ siu⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡so²¹³⁻²⁴ sɨu²¹³/

/t͡so²⁴⁻³³ ʃiu²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ səu⁵³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡so³³ ɕi̯u³³/


精神

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

/t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ seŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

/t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ seŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

to be mentally unsound; unsoundness of mind

精神不健全

(psychology, psychiatry) mind; mental state


血漿

/ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hyːt̚³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hyːt̚³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siũ⁴⁴/


脖子

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/pə²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/paʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/bɑʔ²² t͡sz̩³⁴/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/pə²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/paʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/bɑʔ²² t͡sz̩³⁴/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, Hangzhounese, anatomy) neck


細胞

/ɕi⁵¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ paʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ paːu̯⁵⁵/

/sɛ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βau⁵³/

/se²¹⁻⁴¹ pau⁴⁴/

/se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pau³³/

/se²¹⁻⁵³ pau⁴⁴/

/soi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pau³³/

/ɕi⁵¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ paʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ paːu̯⁵⁵/

/sɛ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βau⁵³/

/se²¹⁻⁴¹ pau⁴⁴/

/se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pau³³/

/se²¹⁻⁵³ pau⁴⁴/

/soi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pau³³/

腦細胞

脑细胞

(biology, cytology, countable) cell (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 粒 m; 顆／颗 m)


卒中

/t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡su³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡su³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːt̚³ t͡sʊŋ³³/

/t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡su³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡su³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːt̚³ t͡sʊŋ³³/


植物

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ u⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ u³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ vou⁴⁴/

/t͡sɪk̚² mɐt̚²/

/t͡sʰət̚⁵ ʋut̚⁵/

/siʔ⁵⁻³³ uʔ⁵/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ pɔʔ⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² puoʔ⁴/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ but̚¹²¹/

/sit̚⁵⁴⁻³² but̚⁵⁴/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² but̚²⁴/

/zəʔ¹¹ vəʔ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ u⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ u³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ vou⁴⁴/

/t͡sɪk̚² mɐt̚²/

/t͡sʰət̚⁵ ʋut̚⁵/

/siʔ⁵⁻³³ uʔ⁵/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ pɔʔ⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² puoʔ⁴/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ but̚¹²¹/

/sit̚⁵⁴⁻³² but̚⁵⁴/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² but̚²⁴/

/zəʔ¹¹ vəʔ²³/

植物狀態

植物状态


風邪

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ sia²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia²³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ ʑia²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ sia²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia²³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ ʑia²¹/

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Dì cháng xìng yuànpǔ lígōng, hòu zhé yǐ fēngxié lù wù wèi jiè.

帝嘗幸苑圃離宮，后輒以風邪露霧爲戒。

帝尝幸苑圃离宫，后辄以风邪露雾为戒。

(traditional Chinese medicine) pathogenic influence; cold


通路

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lou̯²²/

/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/tʰɔŋ³³ lɔ⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lou̯²²/

/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/tʰɔŋ³³ lɔ⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

(medicine) access (as in vascular access)


雀斑

Sino-Xenic (雀斑):
* → Japanese: 雀(じゃく)斑(はん) (jakuhan)
* → Korean: 작반(雀斑) (jakban)

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹ pän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːk̚³ paːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵ pan⁴²/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pan³³/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹ pän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːk̚³ paːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵ pan⁴²/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pan³³/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴⁴/

(dermatology) freckle (Classifier: 塊／块 m)


發炎

/fä⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fä⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/


發燒

/fä⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faʔ²⁻⁵⁴ sau¹¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ siɤ⁴⁴/

/ɸa̠²⁴ ʂɒu̯³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ sɒu̯³³/

/fä⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faʔ²⁻⁵⁴ sau¹¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ siɤ⁴⁴/

/ɸa̠²⁴ ʂɒu̯³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ sɒu̯³³/

(medicine) to have a fever; to have a high body temperature


安眠藥

→ Bouyei: nganymianfyof

→ Zhuang: anhmenzyoz

/ˀän⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵ jaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ miːn²¹ jœːk̚²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ ioʔ⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ iɤʔ⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵ jaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ miːn²¹ jœːk̚²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ ioʔ⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ iɤʔ⁴/

(pharmacology) sleeping pill; hypnotic (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 片 m; 粒 m c)


編碼

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/pɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/pɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/


編碼

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/pɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/pɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/


白血病

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ piŋ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵¹/

/paːk̚² hyːt̚³ pɛːŋ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pĩ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pĩ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hue(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pẽ³³/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hueʔ²⁻⁴ pẽ¹¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ piŋ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵¹/

/paːk̚² hyːt̚³ pɛːŋ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pĩ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pĩ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hue(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pẽ³³/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hueʔ²⁻⁴ pẽ¹¹/


療法

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lieu¹³⁻⁴² haʔ²¹/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lieu¹³⁻⁴² haʔ²¹/


丹田

Sino-Xenic (丹田):
* → Japanese: 丹田(たんでん) (tanden)
* → Korean: 단전(丹田) (danjeon)
* → Vietnamese: đan điền (丹田)

/tän⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

(traditional Chinese medicine, martial arts) dantian


大出血

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hyːt̚³/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hyːt̚³/

(medicine) to hemorrhage profusely; to bleed heavily


破傷風

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɔː³³ sœːŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

por⁴ syorng¹ horng¹ [Phonetic:por¹ syorng⁵ horng¹]

/pʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬyɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hɒŋ⁵³³/

por⁴ syoeng¹ horng¹ [Phonetic:por¹ syoeng⁵ horng¹]

/pʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɔː³³ sœːŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬyɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hɒŋ⁵³³/

/pʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

得破傷風的人會痙攣。

得破伤风的人会痉挛。


胎位不正

ㄊㄞ ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄥˋ

tāiwèi bùzhèng [Phonetic:tāiwèi búzhèng]

ㄊㄞ ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄥˋ

тайвэй бучжэн

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(obstetrics) to have fetal malposition or malpresentation


胎盤

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰɑɻ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰai¹¹ pæ̃¹¹/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/tʰo³³⁻²³ pũã⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯³³ põ¹³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰɑɻ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰai¹¹ pæ̃¹¹/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/tʰo³³⁻²³ pũã⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯³³ põ¹³/


妊娠紋

жэньшэньвэнь

žɛnʹšɛnʹvɛnʹ

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

жэньшэньвэньр

žɛnʹšɛnʹvɛnʹr

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wəɻ³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wəɻ³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(obstetrics) stretch marks (due to pregnancy)


感染

/kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/

/kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/

感染病毒

胸部感染

細菌感染

细菌感染

病毒感染

消除感染

上呼吸道感染

傷口容易感染。

伤口容易感染。

(medicine) to infect or be infected by; to have an infection; to contract (a contagion)


丹毒

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/


仙人

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ɕi³³ n̠ʲiŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ɕi³³ n̠ʲiŋ⁵¹/

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô


割包皮

/kɤ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/kɔːt̚³ paːu̯⁵⁵ pʰei̯²¹/

/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pau⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰue²³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/kɔːt̚³ paːu̯⁵⁵ pʰei̯²¹/

/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pau⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰue²³/


換藥

/xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(medicine) to change the dressing of a wound; to change bandages


止痛藥

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ tʰʊŋ³³ jœːk̚²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã²¹⁻⁵³ ioʔ⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ioʔ²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã²¹⁻⁵³ ioʔ¹²¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã¹¹⁻⁵³ ioʔ⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã²¹⁻⁴¹ iɤʔ⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ tʰʊŋ³³ jœːk̚²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã²¹⁻⁵³ ioʔ⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ioʔ²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã²¹⁻⁵³ ioʔ¹²¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã¹¹⁻⁵³ ioʔ⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiã²¹⁻⁴¹ iɤʔ⁴/


栓塞

/ʂu̯än⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/ʂu̯än⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

(pathology) to be affected by embolism; to be blocked by an embolus; to be embolised


石膏

Sino-Xenic (石膏):
* → Japanese: 石膏(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 석고(石膏) (seokgo)
* → Vietnamese: thạch cao (石膏)

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ kɔ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² kou̯⁵⁵/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵³³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ kɔ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² kou̯⁵⁵/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵³³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

打石膏

(medicine) cast (supportive and immobilising device used to help mend broken bones)


疑難雜症

ㄧˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄚˊ ㄓㄥˋ

ㄧˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄚˊ ㄓㄥˋ

инань цзачжэн

/i³⁵ nän³⁵ t͡sä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ naːn²¹ t͡saːp̚² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ɡi¹³⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡi²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/ɡi²³⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/i³⁵ nän³⁵ t͡sä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ naːn²¹ t͡saːp̚² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ɡi²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/ɡi²³⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

(medicine) intractable diseases; obscure diseases


表現

Sino-Xenic (表現):
* → Japanese: 表(ひょう)現(げん) (hyōgen)
* → Korean: 표현(表現) (pyohyeon)
* → Vietnamese: biểu hiện (表現)

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɛn⁴¹/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɛn⁴¹/

臨床表現

临床表现


水管

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ kon²⁴/

/t͡sui³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uaŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁴⁵³/

/t͡sui³³²⁻²¹ kuoŋ³³²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ kuaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ kon²⁴/

/t͡sui³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uaŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁴⁵³/

/t͡sui³³²⁻²¹ kuoŋ³³²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ kuaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

(neuroanatomy) Alternative name for 導水管／导水管 (dǎoshuǐguǎn, “aqueduct”).


水腫

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/sui⁵⁵ t͡sɵŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/sui⁵⁵ t͡sɵŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

淋巴水腫

淋巴水肿

(medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy


奶嘴

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːi̯¹³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/nɛn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡suɪ³¹/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːi̯¹³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/nɛn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡suɪ³¹/


五味子

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍¹³ mei̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍¹³ mei̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(traditional Chinese medicine) Schisandra chinensis, a medicinal herb whose berries are used in traditional Chinese medicine


赤痢

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ lei̯²²/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ lei̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ lei̯²²/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ lei̯²²/

(traditional Chinese medicine, pathology) bloody and non-purulent diarrhoea; red dysentery


心音

/sɐm⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


天花

Sino-Xenic (天花):
* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)
* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)
* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/

Originally the Chinese translation of several Sanskrit and Pali words, including Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”), as well as several plant names, such as Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”) / Pali devapuppha, and Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”).
The development from “heaven-flower” (or other interpretations of the combination) to “smallpox” is unknown. It may be due to the shape resemblance of smallpox pustules to the divine flowers in Buddhism. Compare Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”), མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower; (dialectal) smallpox”), and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ
ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg) / салхин цэцэг (salxin ceceg, “smallpox; chickenpox [wind-flower]”).

cog

ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ


流行性感冒

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄍㄢˇ ㄇㄠˋ

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄍㄢˇ ㄇㄠˋ

люсинсин ганьмао

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ hɐŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³ kɐm³⁵ mou̯²²/

/liu²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃³³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃³³/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ hɐŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³ kɐm³⁵ mou̯²²/


流行

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ hɐŋ²¹/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/liu¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/liu²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵⁵/

/liɤ²² ɦin⁴⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ hɐŋ²¹/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/liu¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/liu²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵⁵/

/liɤ²² ɦin⁴⁴/

prevalent; widespread
(specifically, epidemiology) endemic


流行病

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ piŋ⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ hɐŋ²¹ pɛːŋ²²/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pĩ²²/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ³³/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pĩ⁴¹/

/liu¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² pɛ̃²²/

/liu²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ pẽ³³/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ piŋ⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ hɐŋ²¹ pɛːŋ²²/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pĩ²²/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ³³/

/liu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pĩ⁴¹/

/liu¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² pɛ̃²²/

/liu²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ pẽ³³/

地方性流行病


精子

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/


犯罪

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (犯罪):
* → Japanese: 犯罪(はんざい) (hanzai)
* → Korean: 범죄(犯罪) (beomjoe)
* → Vietnamese: phạm tội (犯罪)

→ Lingao: fam⁴ soi⁴

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fã⁴⁴ t͡suəi⁴⁴/

/faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²²/

/fɛŋ³² t͡sui³²/

/fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/

/haŋ¹¹⁻⁴² t͡suei¹¹/

/haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡suei²¹/

/huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/

/vẽ̞¹¹ d͡zzʷei⁵³/

/fɑ³³ sɛ⁵³⁵/

/ɸan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡se̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fã⁴⁴ t͡suəi⁴⁴/

/faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²²/

/fɛŋ³² t͡sui³²/

/fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/

/haŋ¹¹⁻⁴² t͡suei¹¹/

/haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡suei²¹/

/huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/

/vẽ̞¹¹ d͡zzʷei⁵³/

/fɑ³³ sɛ⁵³⁵/

/ɸan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡se̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

犯罪血管

(medicine, attributive) culprit (vessel, lesion, etc.)


闌尾炎

/län³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/lan²⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iam²²/

/län³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/lan²⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iam²²/

急性闌尾炎

急性阑尾炎


盲腸炎

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/maŋ²¹ t͡sʰaŋ²¹ iɛn⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ jiːm²¹/

/mɔŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴ iɛn³⁵/

/mo²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ i̯am¹¹/

/moŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ i̯am¹¹/

/maŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ iam¹¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² iam²²/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ iam³³/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ iam³³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ iam³³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ iam³³/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ iam³³/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ iam³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iam¹¹/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/maŋ²¹ t͡sʰaŋ²¹ iɛn⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ jiːm²¹/

/mɔŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴ iɛn³⁵/

/mo²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ i̯am¹¹/

/moŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ i̯am¹¹/

/maŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ iam¹¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² iam²²/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ iam³³/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ iam³³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ iam³³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ iam³³/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ iam³³/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ iam³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iam¹¹/


器官

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/kʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uaŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuan³³/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kũã³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/kʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uaŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuan³³/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/kʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kũã³³/

淋巴器官

呼吸器官


口蓋

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːi̯³³/


軟口蓋

ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄎㄡˇ ㄍㄞˋ

ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄎㄡˇ ㄍㄞˋ

/ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyːn¹³ hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

/ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyːn¹³ hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

(anatomy) Synonym of 軟顎 /软颚 (ruǎn'è, “soft palate”)


硬口蓋

/iŋ⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋaːŋ²² hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

/iŋ⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋaːŋ²² hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

(anatomy) Synonym of 硬顎 /硬颚 (yìng'è, “hard palate”)


抗體

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɔːŋ³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹/

/kʰaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɔːŋ³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹/

/kʰaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/


興奮

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fən⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ fɐn¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hun¹¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hun²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hun²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fən⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ fɐn¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hun¹¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hun²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hun²¹/

(biology, physiology) stimulation; excitation


腫瘍

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(traditional Chinese medicine) early, nonulcerated stage of pyogenic infection


妄想

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːŋ¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/

/moŋ⁵⁵ si̯oŋ³¹/

/noŋ⁵⁵ si̯oŋ³¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁵³/

/bɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siaŋ⁵³/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːŋ¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/

/moŋ⁵⁵ si̯oŋ³¹/

/noŋ⁵⁵ si̯oŋ³¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁵³/

/bɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siaŋ⁵³/

(medicine) to be deluded; to be delusional


小腸

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕiau⁵³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍¹³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/ɕiɔ³³ zã⁴⁴/

/siæ⁵² zã¹¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕiau⁵³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍¹³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/ɕiɔ³³ zã⁴⁴/

/siæ⁵² zã¹¹/


十二指腸

ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄓˇ ㄔㄤˊ

ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄓˇ ㄔㄤˊ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² jiː²² t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² zi³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² zi³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² jiː²² t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² zi³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² zi³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 十(じゅう)二(に)指(し)腸(ちょう) (jūnishichō).


盲腸

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/maŋ²¹ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/maːŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/mo²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/moŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑ̃²² zã⁴⁴/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/maŋ²¹ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/maːŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/mo²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/moŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/

/mɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑ̃²² zã⁴⁴/

盲腸炎

盲肠炎

割盲腸

割盲肠


白血球

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊㄦ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paːk̚² hyːt̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paːk̚² hyːt̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

(hematology, cytology, immunology, dated) leukocyte; white blood cell


食道

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to²²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² to³³/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² to²²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tɤ³³/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² tɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to²²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² to³³/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² to²²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tɤ³³/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² tɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³³/


瞳孔

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰoŋ²¹ kʰoŋ⁵³/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ hʊŋ³⁵/

/hɵŋ²² kʰɵŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ kʰuŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰoŋ⁵²/

/doŋ²² kʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/doŋ²² kʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰoŋ²¹ kʰoŋ⁵³/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ hʊŋ³⁵/

/hɵŋ²² kʰɵŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ kʰuŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰoŋ⁵²/

/doŋ²² kʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/doŋ²² kʰoŋ⁴⁴/


動脈

/tʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʊŋ²² mɐk̚²/

/tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ mẽʔ⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ mẽʔ⁴/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ mẽʔ⁴/

/tɔŋ²² beʔ²⁴/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ mɛ̃ʔ¹²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʊŋ²² mɐk̚²/

/tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ mẽʔ⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ mẽʔ⁴/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ mẽʔ⁴/

/tɔŋ²² beʔ²⁴/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ mɛ̃ʔ¹²¹/


檢查

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/kiːm³⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/kiam²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰa⁵⁵/

/kiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sa³³/

/kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɛ⁴⁴/

/kiam⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰe⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/kiːm³⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/kiam²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰa⁵⁵/

/kiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sa³³/

/kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɛ⁴⁴/

/kiam⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰe⁵⁵/

心理狀態檢查

心理状态检查


虹彩

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/


百日咳

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ kʰɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ jɐt̚² kʰɐt̚⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ kʰɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ jɐt̚² kʰɐt̚⁵/

百日咳疫苗

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)


標本

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


慢性

/män⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² sɪŋ³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/ban³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ sẽ²¹³/

/män⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² sɪŋ³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/ban³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ sẽ²¹³/

Chronic nephritis rarely heals by itself.

慢性腎炎難以自愈。

慢性肾炎难以自愈。

慢性疼痛

慢性精神疾病


花粉症

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/faː⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/faː⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/


腹腔

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/


顳顬

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/


脛骨

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ³³ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/kiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kut̚³²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ³³ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/kiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kut̚³²/

脛骨夾板

胫骨夹板


腓骨

/feɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fei̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/hui²⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/

/feɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fei̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/hui²⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/


橈骨

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɑʊ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːu̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɑʊ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːu̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/


頭骨

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/


尺骨

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɑuʔ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɑuʔ²⁴/


潰瘍

/kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/hue²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hue¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/hue²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hue¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

(pathology) ulcer (external or internal)


胸骨

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kut̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kut̚³²/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kut̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kut̚³²/


鎖骨

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔː³⁵ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kut̚⁵/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔː³⁵ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kut̚⁵/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/

/sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kut̚³²/


扁桃腺

ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

/pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɤ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁵³/

/pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɤ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁵³/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 扁(へん)桃(とう)腺(せん) (hentōsen) (Liu et al., 1984; Huang, 2020), attested as early as 1902 (Huang, 2020).

wasei kango

(anatomy, immunology, dated in Mainland China) tonsil


痘苗

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tɐu̯²² miːu̯²¹/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tɐu̯²² miːu̯²¹/


出血

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hyːt̚³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hueʔ³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ huiʔ³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hyːt̚³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hueʔ³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ huiʔ³²/


出血

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hyːt̚³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hueʔ³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ huiʔ³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hyːt̚³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hueʔ³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ huiʔ³²/


眼球

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kiu⁵⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kiu⁵⁵/


天然痘

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɛn²⁴⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɛn²⁴⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tau³³/


類風濕性關節炎

类风湿性关节炎
類風溼性關節炎

ㄌㄟˋ ㄈㄥ ㄕ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄧㄢˊ

ㄌㄟˋ ㄈㄥ ㄕ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄧㄢˊ

лэйфэншисин гуаньцзеянь

/leɪ̯⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

loey⁶ fung¹ sap⁷ sing³ gwaan¹ dzit⁸ jim⁴

/lɵy̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐp̚⁵ sɪŋ³³ kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³ jiːm²¹/

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis


關節炎

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄧㄢˊ

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄧㄢˊ

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊㄦ ㄧㄢˊ

гуаньцзерянь

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛɻ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iam²²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sat̚³²⁻⁴ iam³³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sat̚³²⁻⁵ iam²²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛɻ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iam²²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sat̚³²⁻⁴ iam³³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sat̚³²⁻⁵ iam²²/


關節

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (關節):
* → Japanese: 関節(かんせつ) (kansetsu)
* → Korean: 관절(關節) (gwanjeol)

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛɻ³⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/kue⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ku̯an³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛɻ³⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/kue⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ku̯an³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴/


胰島

/i³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

islets of Langerhans
islets of Langerhans

(anatomy) islets of Langerhans (in the pancreas)


糖尿病

ㄊㄤˊ ㄋㄧㄠˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

ㄊㄤˊ ㄋㄧㄠˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ piŋ⁵¹/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ niːu̯²² pɛːŋ²²/

/tʰoŋ¹¹ ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵ pʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋiau³³ pʰiaŋ³³/

/tʰouŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡieu²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑŋ²⁴²/

/tʰŋ̍²⁴⁻²² lio²²⁻²¹ pĩ²²/

/tʰŋ̍²⁴⁻²² lio⁴¹⁻²² pĩ⁴¹/

/tʰŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ lio³³⁻¹¹ pĩ³³/

/tʰŋ̍²³⁻³³ ziɤ³³⁻²¹ pẽ³³/

/tʰŋ̍¹³⁻²² d͡zio²²⁻²¹ pɛ̃²²/

/tʰɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zio¹¹ pẽ¹¹/

/dɑ̃²² n̠ʲiɔ⁵⁵ bin²¹/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ piŋ⁵¹/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ niːu̯²² pɛːŋ²²/

/tʰoŋ¹¹ ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵ pʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋiau³³ pʰiaŋ³³/

/tʰouŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡieu²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑŋ²⁴²/

/tʰŋ̍²⁴⁻²² lio²²⁻²¹ pĩ²²/

/tʰŋ̍²⁴⁻²² lio⁴¹⁻²² pĩ⁴¹/

/tʰŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ lio³³⁻¹¹ pĩ³³/

/tʰŋ̍²³⁻³³ ziɤ³³⁻²¹ pẽ³³/

/tʰŋ̍¹³⁻²² d͡zio²²⁻²¹ pɛ̃²²/

/tʰɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zio¹¹ pẽ¹¹/

/dɑ̃²² n̠ʲiɔ⁵⁵ bin²¹/

妊娠期糖尿病


腎衰竭

ㄕㄣˋ ㄕㄨㄞ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄕㄣˋ ㄕㄨㄞ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ʂən⁵¹ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐn²² sɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰiːt̚³/

/ʂən⁵¹ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐn²² sɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰiːt̚³/

(pathology) to have kidney failure; to have renal failure


身體

/ʂən⁵⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sən⁵⁵ tʰi⁵³/

/ʂəŋ²⁴ tʰi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/sɨn²⁴ tʰi³¹/

/ʃin⁵³ tʰi²⁴/

/sən⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi³¹/

/səŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe⁴¹/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵²/

/sən⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

/ʂən⁵⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sən⁵⁵ tʰi⁵³/

/ʂəŋ²⁴ tʰi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/sɨn²⁴ tʰi³¹/

/ʃin⁵³ tʰi²⁴/

/sən⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi³¹/

/səŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe⁴¹/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵²/

/sən⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

鍛鍊身體

锻炼身体

身體素質

身体素质

身體接觸

身体接触

身體部位

身体部位

我感覺身體被掏空。

我感觉身体被掏空。

(anatomy) body (of a human or animal) (Classifier: 具 m; 個／个)


身軀

/ʂən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ³³ kʰu³³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ ku³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ku⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/hin⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ kʰu³³/

/sieŋ³⁵⁻³³ kʰu³⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ³³ kʰu³³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ ku³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ku⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/hin⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ kʰu³³/

/sieŋ³⁵⁻³³ kʰu³⁵/

(Can we date this quote?), “淚之旅”, 林敏驄 (lyrics), performed by 鍾鎮濤:

It is just because I've already grown used to the endless nights where she is there to embrace me

zi² jan¹ ngo⁵ ji⁵ gwaan³ jyu¹ mou⁴ kung⁴ je⁶ leoi⁵ jau⁵ taa¹ pou⁵ jung² san¹ keoi¹

只因我已慣於無窮夜裡有她抱擁身軀

只因我已惯于无穷夜里有她抱拥身躯


肺癌

/feɪ̯⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/fɐi̯³³ ŋaːm²¹/

/fi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋam¹¹/

/hi²¹⁻⁵³ ɡam²⁴/

/hi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡam²⁴/

/hi²¹⁻⁵³ ɡam¹³/

/hi¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡam²⁴/

/hi²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡam²³/

/feɪ̯⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/fɐi̯³³ ŋaːm²¹/

/fi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋam¹¹/

/hi²¹⁻⁵³ ɡam²⁴/

/hi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡam²⁴/

/hi²¹⁻⁵³ ɡam¹³/

/hi¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡam²⁴/

/hi²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡam²³/


胃癌

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² ŋaːm²¹/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡam²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻²² ɡam²⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡam¹³/

/ui³³⁻¹¹ ɡam²⁴/

/ui³³⁻²¹ ɡam²³/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² ŋaːm²¹/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡam²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻²² ɡam²⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡam¹³/

/ui³³⁻¹¹ ɡam²⁴/

/ui³³⁻²¹ ɡam²³/

(pathology) gastric cancer; stomach cancer


狹窄

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪk̚³²/

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪk̚³²/

(medicine) having stenosis; having a stricture


股癬

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


足癬

/t͡su³⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


肝炎

/kän⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/kɔːn⁵⁵ jiːm²¹/

/kæ̃¹¹ ie⁴⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiɛŋ¹³/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋe̞ŋ¹³/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iɛŋ²⁴/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ieŋ²⁴/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² iam²²/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² iam²²/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ iam³³/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ iam³³/

/kũã³³⁻²³ iam¹¹/

/kän⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/kɔːn⁵⁵ jiːm²¹/

/kæ̃¹¹ ie⁴⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiɛŋ¹³/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋe̞ŋ¹³/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iɛŋ²⁴/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ieŋ²⁴/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² iam²²/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² iam²²/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ iam³³/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ iam³³/

/kũã³³⁻²³ iam¹¹/

病毒性肝炎


皰疹

/pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːu̯³³ t͡sʰɐn³⁵/

/pʰaːu̯³³ t͡sɐn³⁵/

/pʰau²²⁻²¹ t͡sin⁵³/

/pʰau⁴¹⁻²² t͡sin⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːu̯³³ t͡sʰɐn³⁵/

/pʰaːu̯³³ t͡sɐn³⁵/

/pʰau²²⁻²¹ t͡sin⁵³/

/pʰau⁴¹⁻²² t͡sin⁵⁵⁴/


幹細胞

/kän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ paʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/kɔːn³³ sɐi̯³³ paːu̯⁵⁵/

/kän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ paʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/kɔːn³³ sɐi̯³³ paːu̯⁵⁵/


前列腺

→ Vietnamese: tuyến tiền liệt (calque)

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² liɛt̚⁴⁻³² suã²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² liɛt̚⁴⁻³² suã²¹/


指標

Sino-Xenic (指標):
* → Japanese: 指標(しひょう) (shihyō)
* → Korean: 지표(指標) (jipyo)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ piːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰiau⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰiau⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰiau³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰiau³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ piːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰiau⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰiau⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰiau³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰiau³³/

(medicine) marker (of disease, function, etc.)


反應

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹/

/fän²¹⁴ iŋ⁴/

/faːn³⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/fan²⁴⁻³³ ʒin¹¹/

/huaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/huaŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁴²/

/huoŋ³³²⁻²¹ iŋ⁴²/

/huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/huan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/huan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ²¹³/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹/

/fän²¹⁴ iŋ⁴/

/faːn³⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/fan²⁴⁻³³ ʒin¹¹/

/huaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/huaŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁴²/

/huoŋ³³²⁻²¹ iŋ⁴²/

/huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/huan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/huan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ²¹³/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 反(はん)応(のう) (hannō)

wasei kango

本能反應

本能反应

毒性反應

毒性反应

輸血反應

输血反应

中和反應

中和反应

During blood transfusions we should pay close attention to potential adverse reactions and deal with them in a timely and reasonable manner.

Zài shūxuè guòchéng zhōng yīng mìqiè zhùyì shūxuè de bùliáng fǎnyìng fāshēng bìng yīnggāi jíshí hélǐ de chǔlǐ.

在輸血過程中應密切注意輸血的不良反應發生並應及時合理的處理。

在输血过程中应密切注意输血的不良反应发生并应及时合理的处理。

(chemistry, physics, physiology, medicine) reaction; response


霍亂

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯än⁵¹/

/xo²¹ nuan²¹³⁻²¹/

/fɔːk̚³ lyːn²²/

/fɔk̚⁵⁵ lᵘɔn³²/

/kʰɔk̚⁵⁵ lᵘɔn³²/

/ˈfɔʔ⁵ lɵn¹¹/

/ʋɔk̚¹ lɔn⁵³/

/hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴² luaŋ¹¹/

/hɒʔ²⁻⁴ luoŋ²¹/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ luan⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ luan²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ luan³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ luan²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁴⁻³² luan²²/

/hoʔ³³ lø⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯än⁵¹/

/xo²¹ nuan²¹³⁻²¹/

/fɔːk̚³ lyːn²²/

/fɔk̚⁵⁵ lᵘɔn³²/

/kʰɔk̚⁵⁵ lᵘɔn³²/

/ˈfɔʔ⁵ lɵn¹¹/

/ʋɔk̚¹ lɔn⁵³/

/hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴² luaŋ¹¹/

/hɒʔ²⁻⁴ luoŋ²¹/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ luan⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ luan²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ luan³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ luan²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁴⁻³² luan²²/

/hoʔ³³ lø⁴⁴/

(traditional Chinese medicine) any acute gastroenteritis with symptoms such as severe vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain


肋骨

/leɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɤ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² kʷɐt̚⁵/

/laːk̚² kʷɐt̚⁵/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kut̚³²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² kut̚³²/

/leɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɤ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² kʷɐt̚⁵/

/laːk̚² kʷɐt̚⁵/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kut̚³²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² kut̚³²/

肋骨斷了。

肋骨断了。


烏梅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (烏梅):
* → Japanese: 烏梅(うばい) (ubai)
* → Vietnamese: ô mai (烏梅)

/u⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ muːi̯²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ muẽ²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ m̩²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ muĩ²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ muĩ²³/

/u⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ muːi̯²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ muẽ²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ m̩²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ muĩ²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ muĩ²³/

(traditional Chinese medicine) smoked ume; dark plum


鼓膜

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/


急救

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐp̚⁵ kɐu̯³³/

/kiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kiu⁴²/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐp̚⁵ kɐu̯³³/

/kiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kiu⁴²/

(medicine) to provide emergency medical treatment


急救

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐp̚⁵ kɐu̯³³/

/kiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kiu⁴²/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐp̚⁵ kɐu̯³³/

/kiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kiu⁴²/

(medicine) first aid; emergency treatment