主

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (主):
* → Japanese: 主(しゅ) (shu)
* → Korean: 주(主) (ju)
* → Vietnamese: chủ (主)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɕɤwꟲ (“master”)

desc

Lao: ເຈົ້າ (chao, “lord, master, owner”)

Thai: เจ้า (jâao, “lord, master, owner”)

→ Vietnamese: chúa (主, “retired father of a king”), Chúa (主, “Lord”)

Pictogram (象形). Three distinct forms can observed in ancient scripts, all of which have merged into the same character in modern script:
A lamp or torch with a flame at the top. Original form of 炷.
Wood (木, now 王) on fire.
A spirit tablet. Same character as 示.
Unrelated to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Unclear. Compare Tibetan ཇོ་བོ (jo bo, “elder brother, nobleman, lord”), Tibetan ཇོ་མོ (jo mo, “mistress, lady, goddess”), Tibetan ཐུ། (thu, “chief”), Proto-Monic *(d)ndooʔ (“to teach, to instruct; headman”), and Thai โจก (jòok, “leader, chief”) (Schuessler, 2007)
Also compare Burmese အတို့ (a.tui., “honorific personal pronoun”).


齋月

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sai³³ ɡəʔ²⁴/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sai³³ ɡəʔ²⁴/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ¹²¹/


清真寺

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ si³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ si³³/

Chen Yixiu, courtesy name Yusi, comes from Jining Prefecture, Shandong. When he was an imperial scholar, he saw that the Muslims Yang Shenghua and his colleagues wanted to destroy the temple of Lord Guan and expand the Muslim mosque

Chén Yìxiū zì Yùsì Shāndōng Jǐníng Zhōu rén wéi zhūshēng shí jiàn Huíhuí jiàomén Yáng Shēnghuā děng yù huǐ Guāndìmiào kuòdà Huíhuí qīngzhēnsì

陳益修字玉笥山東濟寜州人為諸生時見囬囬敎門楊生花等欲毁𨵿帝廟擴大囬囬清真寺

陈益修字玉笥山东济宁州人为诸生时见回回教门杨生花等欲毁关帝庙扩大回回清真寺

(Islam) mosque (Classifier: 座 m c; 間／间 c)

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


朝聖

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ sɨn⁵⁵/

/tieu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ²¹³/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiau¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiau²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/zɔ²² sən⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ sɨn⁵⁵/

/tieu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ²¹³/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiau¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiau²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/zɔ²² sən⁴⁴/

to make a pilgrimage
(Islam, specifically) to go on a hajj


安拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

感讚安拉

感赞安拉


法特瓦

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


開齋節

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/


朝覲

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ kɐn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ kɐn²²/

(literary) to go on a pilgrimage (to a shrine or other sacred place)


真一

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

[This work seeks to] teach and exhort the younger generations of the numerous followers of our Dao, to accompany and teach them, so [they will be able to] well restrain their many desires and complete their ability to affirm the Dao of the True and One.

《經學系傳譜》 (Genealogy of Classical Learning), 1670s

Xùnhuì wú dào zhī duōrén ér xié xué zhī, zé yì zhì qí duō yù ér zhōng néng zhèng Zhēnyī zhī dào.

訓誨吾道之多人而偕學之，則亦窒其多欲而終能證真一之道。

训诲吾道之多人而偕学之，则亦窒其多欲而终能证真一之道。


聖訓

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ fɐn³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ fɐn³³/


真主

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

There is no deity but God. Muhammad is the Messenger of God.

Wànwù fēi zhǔ, wéiyǒu zhēnzhǔ. Mùhǎnmòdé, shì zhǔ shǐzhě.

萬物非主，唯有真主。穆罕默德，是主使者。

万物非主，唯有真主。穆罕默德，是主使者。


乃瑪子

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

Borrowed from Classical Persian نَمَاز (namāz).


阿訇

/ˀä⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʷɐŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʷɐŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Persian آخوند (âxund, âxond).

阿衡
阿轟
阿洪
哈訇
阿吽


朵斯提

/tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/


清真

→ English: qingzhen

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨn²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sin³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡sən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨn²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sin³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡sən²¹/

Literary use since at least the Tang dynasty. In its Islamic sense, used to praise God, or Allah, in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

清真餐館

清真餐馆

(Islam) halal or qingzhen; permissible according to Muslim religious customs, especially of food preparation


齋戒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (齋戒):
* → Japanese: 斎戒(さいかい) (saikai, “purification for spiritual purposes”)
* → Korean: 재계(齋戒) (jaegye)
* → Vietnamese: trai giới (齋戒)

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³/

/t͡se³³⁻²³ kai²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³/

/t͡se³³⁻²³ kai²¹³/

to fast (restrict one’s consumption of food and abstain from various desires for religious purposes)


薩拉姆·阿萊控

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ ㄚ ㄌㄞˊ ㄎㄨㄥˋ

саламу’алайкун

/sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵¹/

/sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵¹/

From Arabic اَلسَّلَام عَلَيْكُم (as-salām ʕalaykum, “peace be upon you”).

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اَلسَّلَام عَلَيْكُم

(Islam, neologism, rare) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


邦克

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pɑŋ²⁴ kʰə⁰/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pɑŋ²⁴ kʰə⁰/

Borrowed from Persian بانگ (bâng), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭢 (vāng). Akin to Old Armenian վանգ (vang), an Iranian borrowing.


色瓦布

/sɤ⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

Borrowed from Arabic ثَوَاب (ṯawāb, “reward”).

(Islam) What one gets from God for a good deed


敏拜爾

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


米哈拉布

ㄇㄧˇ ㄏㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/


小淨

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/si̯au̯³¹ t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/si̯au̯³¹ t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

做小淨

做小净


大淨

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡sɪŋ²²/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡sɪŋ²²/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

做大淨

做大净

洗大淨

洗大净


講經臺

ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄊㄞˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/


宣講臺

ㄒㄩㄢ ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄊㄞˊ

сюаньцзянтай

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/


墮天使

/tu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ siː³³/

/tɔː²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ siː¹³/

/tu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ siː³³/

/tɔː²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ siː¹³/


蘇拉

(Islam) sura, surah (chapter of the Qur'an)


蘇菲派

/su⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

/su⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/


方舟

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡siu³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/fɑ̃⁴⁴ t͡søy/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡siu³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/fɑ̃⁴⁴ t͡søy/

(Christianity, Judaism, Islam) Ark (ship built by Noah)


阿亞圖拉

ㄚ ㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄚ

/ˀä⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ aː³³ tʰou̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ aː³³ tʰou̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Persian آیتالله (âyatollâh), from Arabic آيَةُ اللّٰه (ʔāyatu allāh, “sign of God”).

der

آيَةُ اللّٰه

(Islam) ayatollah (a religious leader in Twelver Shi'ism)


色蘭

/sɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/sɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām). Doublet of 沙龍 /沙龙 (shālóng).

(Islam) salaam; salaam alaikum (used by the Hui people)


易卜拉欣

ㄧˋ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄒㄧㄣ

/i⁵¹ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm).

bor

Arabic إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)


開齋

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰɛ²⁴ t͡sɛ²⁴/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡saːi̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰɛ²⁴ t͡sɛ²⁴/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡saːi̯⁵⁵/


印善安拉

ㄧㄣˋ ㄕㄢˋ ㄢ ㄌㄚ

иньшаньаньла

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic إن شاء الله (ʔin šāʔ allāh).

Arabic إن شاء الله (ʔin šāʔ allāh)


爾麥里

Borrowed from Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal, “work; action; deed”).

尔麦里
爾麥力
阿曼里
爾默禮
爾埋里

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li¹/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li¹/

(Islam) religious works (attending religious services, fasting, etc.)


爾麥里

Borrowed from Arabic عُمْر (ʕumr, “life; age”).

尔麦里
爾麥力
阿曼里
爾默禮
爾埋里

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li¹/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹ li¹/

After a hundred years have passed, the ermaili of the thirteenth day of the first month has quickly become a habit of the farmers, a chance for children to join in on the fun and food.

Hòulái bǎinián yǐ dù jìn le, zhēngyuè shísān de ěrmàilǐ yǐjīng kuài chéng le nóngrén de xíguàn, wáwamen chèn rènao chīzuǐ de jīhuì.

後來百年已度盡了，正月十三的爾麥里已經快成了農人的習慣，娃娃們趁熱鬧吃嘴的機會。

后来百年已度尽了，正月十三的尔麦里已经快成了农人的习惯，娃娃们趁热闹吃嘴的机会。

(Islam) religious service for commemorating important religious figures or deceased family members


伊瑪目

/i⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ maː¹³ mʊk̚²/

/i⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ maː¹³ mʊk̚²/


依赫瓦尼

ㄧ ㄏㄜˋ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ

/i⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic إِخْوَان (ʔiḵwān, “brothers”).


胡大

Phono-semantic matching of Classical Persian خدا (xudā).

psm

(chiefly Islam) Khuda (name for god in Iranian languages); Allah; God


穆安津

/mu⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


五功

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


拜毯

/paɪ̯⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


祈禱毯

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


印沙安拉

/in⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/in⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَٰه (ʔin šāʔa llāh).

bor

إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَٰه


天房

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

(Islam) the Kaaba (small and nearly cubical stone building in Mecca, holiest place of Islam)


爾德

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/


教長

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯³³ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯³³ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/


齋戒月

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³ jyːt̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³ jyːt̚²/


經名

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/


約櫃

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ kʷɐi̯²²/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kui³³/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ kʷɐi̯²²/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kui³³/

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Ark of the Covenant


前定

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/


肉孜節

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

From Uyghur روزا (roza) + 節／节 (jié, “festival”).

(Islam, chiefly Xinjiang Mandarin) Eid al-Fitr


克爾白

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³ paːk̚²/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³ paːk̚²/


歸真

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

† - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful


阿丹

/ˀä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/


穆聖

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² sɪŋ³³/

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² sɪŋ³³/


主麻日

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/


爾代節

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/


哈提甫

/xä⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xä⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


海推布

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/


聖紀節

ㄕㄥˋ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

(Islam) Mawlid (festival commemorating the birth of Muhammad)


聖紀

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/


以物配主

ㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄆㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


依禪

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/


信士

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ siː²²/

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ siː²²/

First attested in Muhammad Ma Jian's Chinese translation of the Quran, which serves as the Chinese term for the Quranic Arabic term يأيها الذين آمنوا (“O you who believe”)

信士的長官

信士的长官


信士的長官

ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ

Синьши дэ Чжангуань

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ siː²² tɪk̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ siː²² tɪk̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

Calque of Arabic أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (ʔamīr al-muʔminīna).

calque

أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

Commander of the Faithful
Commander of the Faithful


大讚辭

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


安拉胡阿克巴

ānlāhú'ākèbā

ㄢ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄅㄚ

ānlāhú'ākèbā

аньлаху’акэба

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic الله أكبر. Doublet of 阿拉花瓜 (Ālāhuāguā).

bor

Arabic الله أكبر


門宦

/mən³⁵ xu̯än⁵¹/

/mən³⁵ xu̯än⁵¹/

Maybe from 門閥 /门阀 (ménfá, “school; faction; clique”) or from 門戶 /门户 (ménhù, “sect; faction; school”). First attested in the late 19th century.


晡禮

/pu⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Islam) asr (the afternoon Islamic prayer)


底蓋爾

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Classical Persian دیگر (dīgar).


晌禮

/ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Islam) dhuhr (the midday Islamic prayer)


撇什尼

/pʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Classical Persian پیشین (pīšīn).


吉哈德

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/


伊布力斯

/i⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


吉茲亞

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ aː³³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ aː³³/

2015 November 24, BBC, 深度特寫：支撐「伊斯蘭國」的立國財源 (Feature: The Financial Sources of the "Islamic State"):

Moreover, the "Islamic State" taxes "jizya" or poll tax on "infidels" in their occupation zones in accordance to "old traditions".

“yīsīlánguó” hái yījù “gǔ lì”, xiàng zhànlǐng qū de “yìjiàotú” zhēngshōu “jízīyà” huò réntóushuì.

「伊斯蘭國」還依據「古例」，向佔領區的「異教徒」征收「吉茲亞」或人頭稅。

「伊斯兰国」还依据「古例」，向占领区的「异教徒」征收「吉兹亚」或人头税。


宗教司

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

2022 July 25, Lianhe Zaobao, 本地回教宗教司说明今天庆祝开斋节决定 (Local Mufti Explains Why Today is Hari Raya Puasa):

Singaporean mufti Dr. Nazirudin Mohd Nasir explained on yesterday in a post why local Muslims celebrate Hari Raya Puasa today, urged the Muslim community to continue fasting on yesterday and complete the 30-day Ramadan.

Xīnjiāpō huíjiào zōngjiàosī Nàzīlǔtīng bóshì zuótiān fāwén shuōmíng wèihé běndì huíjiàotú shì zài jīntiān qìngzhù kāizhāijié, bìng dūncù huíjiào shèqún zuótiān jìxù jìnxíng zhāijiè, jiānchí wánchéng 30 tiān de zhāijièyuè.

新加坡回教宗教司納茲魯汀博士昨天發文說明為何本地回教徒是在今天慶祝開齋節，並敦促回教社群昨天繼續進行齋戒，堅持完成30天的齋戒月。

新加坡回教宗教司纳兹鲁汀博士昨天发文说明为何本地回教徒是在今天庆祝开斋节，并敦促回教社群昨天继续进行斋戒，坚持完成30天的斋戒月。

(Malaysia, Singapore, Islam) mufti (Muslim scholar and interpreter of sharia law)


穆夫提

/mʊk̚² fuː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/mʊk̚² fuː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/


番仔庵

/huan³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ am³³/

/huan³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ am³³/


窯殿

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/


多斯提

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/


朵斯達尼

ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄙ ㄉㄚˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ni³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Persian دوستان (dustân) (plural of دوست).


願主福安之

ㄩㄢˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄢ ㄓ

юаньчжуфу’аньчжи

/ɥɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jyːn²² t͡syː³⁵ fʊk̚⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jyːn²² t͡syː³⁵ fʊk̚⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/