睚眥

/jä³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ t͡saːi̯²²/

/ŋaːi̯²² t͡saːi̯²²/

/ɡai²⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴/

/ŋai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²¹³/

/jä³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ t͡saːi̯²²/

/ŋaːi̯²² t͡saːi̯²²/

/ɡai²⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴/

/ŋai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²¹³/

(Chinese mythology) mythological creature who is said to be bloodthirsty, often found decorating sword handles, one of the "nine sons of the dragon"


狴犴

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/

/pɐi̯²² ŋɔːn²²/

/pe²¹⁻⁵³ ɡan²²/

/pe⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/pe²¹⁻⁵³ ɡan²²/

/pe¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡan³³/

/pe²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡan³³/

/pi⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋaŋ³⁵/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/

/pɐi̯²² ŋɔːn²²/

/pe²¹⁻⁵³ ɡan²²/

/pe⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/pe²¹⁻⁵³ ɡan²²/

/pe¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡan³³/

/pe²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡan³³/

/pi⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋaŋ³⁵/

(literary, Chinese mythology) legendary tiger-like beast whose image used to be painted on prison doors

贔屭

"sons of the dragon", creatures found in decorations


甬道

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jʊŋ³⁵ tou̯²²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jʊŋ³⁵ tou̯²²/

(archaeology) paved path leading to a main hall or tomb; vestibule


後元音

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


仂語

/lɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² jyː¹³/

/lɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² jyː¹³/


構詞學

/koʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/kɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/koʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/kɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹ hɔːk̚²/


構詞

/koʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/kɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/koʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/kɐu̯³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

(linguistics) wordbuilding; word formation


仿造詞

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

(linguistics, translation studies) loan translation; calque


主句

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ kɵy̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ kɵy̯³³/

(linguistics) main clause; principal clause


開音節

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/


閉音節

/pi⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/pɐi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/pi⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/pɐi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/


垃圾進，垃圾出

ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄜˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

lê⁴-sê⁴ chʻu¹

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

information technology
information technology

garbage in, garbage out
garbage in, garbage out

(computing, information technology, translation studies) garbage in, garbage out


歸化

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (歸化):
* → Japanese: 帰化(きか) (kika)
* → Korean: 귀화(歸化) (gwihwa)

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

Chao Yuen Ren's translation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a domesticated translation.

Zhào Yuánrèn yì de “Ālìsī Mànyóu Qíjìngjì” shǔyú “guīhuà fānyì”.

趙元任譯的《阿麗思漫遊奇境記》屬於「歸化翻譯」。

赵元任译的《阿丽思漫游奇境记》属于「归化翻译」。


確認偏誤

ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˋ ㄆㄧㄢ ㄨˋ

ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˋ ㄆㄧㄢ ㄨˋ

цюэжэнь пяньу

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐən⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/kʰɔːk̚³ jɪŋ²² pʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋ̍²²/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐən⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/kʰɔːk̚³ jɪŋ²² pʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋ̍²²/


韻腹

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/wɐn²² fʊk̚⁵/

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/wɐn²² fʊk̚⁵/

(phonetics, phonology) main vowel in a rime


鸑鷟

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɔːk̚²/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɔːk̚²/

When Zhou arose as a great kingdom, the call of Yuezhuo was heard at Mount Qi. At the time of its decline, the ghost of Dubo shot dead the King at Hao.

Zhōu zhī xìng yě, yuèzhuó míng yú Qíshān; qí shuāi yě, Dùbó shè Wáng yú Hào.

周之興也，鸑鷟鳴于岐山；其衰也，杜伯射王于鄗。

周之兴也，𬸚𬸦鸣于岐山；其衰也，杜伯射王于鄗。

(Chinese mythology) name of a legendary auspicious bird traditionally interpreted as a kind of fenghuang (Chinese phoenix)


零冠詞

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄘˊ

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄘˊ

/liŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


比較等級

ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄐㄧˊ

бицзяо дэнцзи

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

degree of comparison
degree of comparison

(linguistics, grammar) degree of comparison


回祿

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ lʊk̚²/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ lʊk̚²/


天帝

Sino-Xenic (天帝):
* → Japanese: 天帝(てんてい) (tentei)
* → Korean: 천제(天帝) (cheonje)
* → Vietnamese: thiên đế (天帝)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³/

(archaic, Chinese mythology) Deity of Heaven; Emperor of Heaven; Celestial Ruler


譯介

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(translation studies) to translate and introduce


相繇

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Alternative name for 相柳 (Xiāngliǔ, “a monster”).


相柳

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) Xiangliu, a Chinese hydra-like monster.


康回

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) synonym of 共工 (Gònggōng), a monster.


龔工

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


共工

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Gonggong, a water god or monster who terrorized prehistoric China


媧皇

/wä⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/o⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ua³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kua³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/o⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/ua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/o⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/ua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/wä⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/o⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ua³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kua³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/o⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/ua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/o⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/ua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

(Chinese mythology, religion) synonym of 女媧 /女娲 (Nǚwā), the creator goddess Nüwa.


語碼轉換

ㄩˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ

ㄩˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ

юйма чжуаньхуань

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯än⁵¹/

The code-switching in the chairman of the village council shows that the Hlai language is the main dialect, and even the prestige dialect, of the Longji village council.

2012, 陈云龙 (Chen Yunlong), 《粤西濒危方言 马兰话研究》, Guangzhou: Jinan University Press, →ISBN, page 011

Cūnwěihuì zhǔrèn de yǔmǎ zhuǎnhuàn fǎnyìng le líhuà shì Lóngjì cūnwěihuì de zhǔyào fāngyán, shènzhì shì quánwēi fāngyán.

村委會主任的語碼轉換反映了黎話是龍記村委會的主要方言，甚至是權威方言。

村委会主任的语码转换反映了黎话是龙记村委会的主要方言，甚至是权威方言。


語碼

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


命令句

ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ

ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ

/miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²² lɪŋ²² kɵy̯³³/

/miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²² lɪŋ²² kɵy̯³³/


當且僅當

ㄉㄤ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄉㄤ

ㄉㄤ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄉㄤ

данцецзиньдан

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː³⁵ kɐn³⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː³⁵ kɐn³⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, mathematics, logic) if and only if


若且唯若

ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ

ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jœːk̚² t͡sʰɛː³⁵ wɐi̯²¹ jœːk̚²/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jœːk̚² t͡sʰɛː³⁵ wɐi̯²¹ jœːk̚²/

(Taiwan, mathematics, logic) if and only if


閶闔

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

(Chinese mythology) gate to the Heavenly Palace


土狗

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/


白種人

ㄅㄞˊ ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄖㄣˊ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/paːk̚² t͡sʊŋ³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pʰak̚⁵ t͡suŋ³¹ ŋin¹¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/paːk̚² t͡sʊŋ³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pʰak̚⁵ t͡suŋ³¹ ŋin¹¹/

But there was something about the child that could be respected. His leisurely way, his reticence, his arbitrariness, his way of walking ahead without looking back. These were manifestations of his power, the power of the strongest, of the fittest. The child was, by no means, overly careful, or irresolute. The child could hit the nail on the head and make a clean break. The child was a quintessential Caucasian.

朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《白種人——上帝的驕子》

Dàn zhè háizi què yě yǒu kějìng de dìfang: tā de cóngróng, tā de chénmò, tā de dúduàndúxíng, tā de yī qù bù huítóu, dōu shì lì de biǎoxiàn, dōu shì qiángzhě shìzhě de biǎoxiàn. Juébù pópomāma de, juébù niánniándādā de, yīzhēnjiànxiě, yīdāoliǎngduàn, zhè zhèngshì báizhǒngrén zhī suǒ yǐ wéi báizhǒngrén.

但這孩子卻也有可敬的地方：他的從容，他的沉默，他的獨斷獨行，他的一去不回頭，都是力的表現，都是強者適者的表現。決不婆婆媽媽的，決不粘粘搭搭的，一針見血，一刀兩斷，這正是白種人之所以為白種人。

朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《白種人——上帝的驕子》

但这孩子却也有可敬的地方：他的从容，他的沉默，他的独断独行，他的一去不回头，都是力的表现，都是强者适者的表现。决不婆婆妈妈的，决不粘粘搭搭的，一针见血，一刀两断，这正是白种人之所以为白种人。


尖團音

цзяньтуаньинь

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵ in⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) the alveolar and alveolo-palatal series consonants (z /t͡s/, c /t͡sʰ/, s /s/; and j /t͡ɕ/, q /t͡ɕʰ/, x /ɕ/ in Mandarin)


開口呼

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) class of finals that do not have a medial or do not have /i/, /u/, or /y/ as their nucleus


齊齒呼

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) class of finals with /i/ (i in Pinyin, except when written after zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, and s) as their medial or nucleus


合口呼

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² hɐu̯³⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² hɐu̯³⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) class of finals with /u/ (u in Pinyin, except when written after j, q, x, and y) as their medial or nucleus


四呼

(Chinese phonetics) the traditional classification of finals based on the medial


連接動詞

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

ляньцзе дунцы

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡siːp̚³ tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡siːp̚³ tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


銜接手段

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ

сяньцзе шоудуань

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/

(linguistics, translation studies) cohesive device


詞彙範疇

ㄘˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ

ㄘˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ

цыхуэй фаньчоу

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/


語段

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/

(linguistics) group of sentences conveying the same main idea and forming a paragraph


外因

/waɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn⁵⁵/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn⁵⁵/

中毒外因

(philosophy, or generally) external cause


齒齦音

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ ŋɐn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ ŋɐn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


倒裝句

даочжуанцзюй

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/tou̯³³ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

/tou̯³⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/tou̯³³ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

/tou̯³⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/


舌尖音

/ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/


先驗

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹/


諸子

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

諸子散文

诸子散文

(historical, philosophy) pre-Qin philosophers


鵲橋

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sœːk̚³ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sœːk̚³ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(Chinese mythology) magpie bridge across the Milky Way between Altair and Vega where the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet once a year


蒲牢

/pʰu³⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɔ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/pɔ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/pɔ¹³⁻²² lo¹³/

/pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/

/pɔ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɔ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/pɔ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/pɔ¹³⁻²² lo¹³/

/pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/

/pɔ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) pulao (a kind of shore-dwelling dragon, often depicted on top of bells)


負載詞

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

文化負載詞

文化负载词


夔龍

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/


中綴

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/


史前史

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹ siː³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹ siː³⁵/


兼愛

Sino-Xenic (兼愛):
* → Vietnamese: kiêm ái (兼愛)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/kiːm⁵⁵ ɔːi̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/kiːm⁵⁵ ɔːi̯³³/

What is the will of Heaven that is to be obeyed? It is to universally love all the people in the world.

Mozi, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version

Yuē shùntiān zhī yì héruò? Yuē jiān'ài tiānxià zhī rén.

曰順天之意何若？曰兼愛天下之人。

曰顺天之意何若？曰兼爱天下之人。

(Chinese philosophy, Mohism) universal love


窀穸

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Sǐzhě bēi yú zhūnxī, shēngzhě qī yú cháoyě.

死者悲於窀穸，生者戚於朝野。

死者悲于窀穸，生者戚于朝野。

Jiāngjūn yǐ qù, chàng dàshù zhī piāolíng; míngshì gāotán, móu xiānrén zhī zhūnxī.

將軍已去，悵大樹之飄零；名士高談，謀先人之窀穸。

将军已去，怅大树之飘零；名士高谈，谋先人之窀穸。

(archaeology, literary) coffin pit; grave


法象

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

(literary, philosophy) natural phenomenon


九流

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

(historical, philosophy) the Nine Schools of Pre-Qin Philosophy (namely, Confucianism, Daoism, School of Naturalists, Legalism, School of Names, Mohism, School of Diplomacy, School of Miscellany and Agriculturalism)


名實

/miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ sɐt̚²/

/miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ sɐt̚²/

(philosophy) name and reality; concept and entity


重·次輕

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

(linguistics) Used to describe a two- or three-character Chinese word in which one of the characters (usually the final character) can be read with either a neutral tone or its original tone.


精神綜合法

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄈㄚˇ

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄈㄚˇ

цзиншэнь цзунхэфа

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


心理綜合法

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˇ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄈㄚˇ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˇ ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄈㄚˇ

синьли цзунхэфа

/ɕin⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕin⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


目的論

ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

(translation studies) Skopos theory; Skopostheorie


嫘祖

/leɪ̯³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sou̯³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Leizu (legendary wife of the Yellow Emperor and discoverer of sericulture)


央元音

/jɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/jɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


棕仙

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


䒌靘

/miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/miŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/miŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

(literary, figurative, Chinese mythology) Hundun (the unclear, confused and nebulous state of the primordial world)


證明責任

ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄖㄣˋ

ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄖㄣˋ

чжэнмин цзэжэнь

čžɛnmin czɛžɛnʹ

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚³ jɐm²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚³ jɐm²²/


神龍

/ʂən³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/ʂən³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

(Chinese mythology) (the magical and unpredictable) Chinese dragon; shenlong


降調

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ tiːu̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ tiːu̯²²/


孤立語言

ㄍㄨ ㄌㄧˋ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ

ㄍㄨ ㄌㄧˋ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ

/ku⁵⁵ li⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ lɐp̚² jyː¹³ jiːn²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ laːp̚² jyː¹³ jiːn²¹/

/ku⁵⁵ li⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ lɐp̚² jyː¹³ jiːn²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ laːp̚² jyː¹³ jiːn²¹/


地宮

/ti⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tei̯²² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ti⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tei̯²² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(archaeology) underground palace (especially where the empress and the emperor's consorts are buried)


雅努斯

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ nou̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ nou̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/


比翼鳥

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯³⁵ jɪk̚² niːu̯¹³/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯³⁵ jɪk̚² niːu̯¹³/

(Chinese mythology) legendary bird flying in pairs


鶼鶼

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Alternative name for 比翼鳥／比翼鸟 (bǐyìniǎo, “legendary bird flying in pairs”).


合音

/hɐp̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² jɐm⁵⁵/


斷限

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(literary, historiography) to divide into periods; to periodize


囚牛

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/siu²⁴⁻²² ɡiu²⁴/

/siu²⁴⁻²² ɡiu²⁴/

/siu¹³⁻²² ɡiu¹³/

/siu²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiu²⁴/

/siu²³⁻³³ ɡiu²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/siu²⁴⁻²² ɡiu²⁴/

/siu²⁴⁻²² ɡiu²⁴/

/siu¹³⁻²² ɡiu¹³/

/siu²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiu²⁴/

/siu²³⁻³³ ɡiu²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) a mythical creature said to be a hybrid between a cow and a dragon; said to be fond of music, often seen decorating lutes


猰貐

/jä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aːt̚³ jyː¹³/

/jä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aːt̚³ jyː¹³/

(Chinese mythology) a kind of mythological creature


異讀

/jiː²² tʊk̚²/

/jiː²² tʊk̚²/


情意綜

ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄥˋ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ i⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ i⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/

(psychology, dated) synonym of 情結 /情结 (qíngjié, “complex”)


語支

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jyː¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jyː¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵/


區別詞

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ piːt̚² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ piːt̚² t͡sʰiː²¹/

(linguistics) distinguishing word; attributive; non-predicative adjective


近古

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐn²² kuː³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐn²² kuː³⁵/

(historiography) recent antiquity (in Chinese history, including the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties)


胜遇

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

There is a bird, which looks like 翟, the long-tailed pheasant, but is red in color. It is called 胜遇. It consumes fish and sounds like 錄 (= 鹿, “deer”). If it is seen, the country shall have great floods.

Yǒu niǎo yān. Qí zhuàng rú zhái ér chì, míng yuē qìngyù. Shì shí yú, qí yīn rú lù, jiàn zé qí guó dàshuǐ.

有鳥焉。其狀如翟而赤，名曰胜遇。是食魚，其音如錄，見則其國大水。

有鸟焉。其状如翟而赤，名曰胜遇。是食鱼，其音如录，见则其国大水。

(literary, Chinese mythology) Name of a kind of legendary bird.


疊字

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(linguistics) reiterative locution; words composed of reduplicated monosyllables


衝直條

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

(phonetics) "spike" or "burst" in a spectrogram, characteristic of plosives


中項

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/


演繹法

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


至理

Sino-Xenic (至理):
* → Japanese: 至理(しり) (shiri)
* → Korean: 지리(至理) (jiri)
* → Vietnamese: chí lí (至理)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


購物狂

/koʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯³³ mɐt̚² kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/

/kɐu̯³³ mɐt̚² kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/

/koʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯³³ mɐt̚² kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/

/kɐu̯³³ mɐt̚² kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/


購買癖

/koʊ̯⁵¹ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/koʊ̯⁵¹ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi⁵¹/

/kʰɐu̯³³ maːi̯¹³ pʰɪk̚⁵/

/kɐu̯³³ maːi̯¹³ pʰɪk̚⁵/

/koʊ̯⁵¹ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/koʊ̯⁵¹ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi⁵¹/

/kʰɐu̯³³ maːi̯¹³ pʰɪk̚⁵/

/kɐu̯³³ maːi̯¹³ pʰɪk̚⁵/


倱伅

/xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology) a worthless son of 帝鴻氏; one of the Sixiong (四凶) or "Four Fiends" later banished by Emperor Shun


娥皇

/ˀɤ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/*ŋaːl ɡʷaːŋ/

/ˀɤ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/*ŋaːl ɡʷaːŋ/

(Chinese mythology) Ehuang (daughter of Emperor Yao and wife of Emperor Shun)


豐饒之角

ㄈㄥ ㄖㄠˊ ㄓ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄈㄥ ㄖㄠˊ ㄓ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

фэнжао чжи цзяо

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/


鴆鳥

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


馬恩列斯

ㄇㄚˇ ㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄙ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄙ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jɐn⁵⁵ liːt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jɐn⁵⁵ liːt̚² siː⁵⁵/

(communism) (Karl) Marx, (Friedrich) Engels, (Vladimir) Lenin and (Joseph) Stalin


馬恩列斯毛

ㄇㄚˇ ㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄙ ㄇㄠˊ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄙ ㄇㄠˊ

Маэньлесымао

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

(communism) (Karl) Marx, (Friedrich) Engels, (Vladimir) Lenin, (Joseph) Stalin and Mao Zedong


形而上

/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²²/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²²/

From I Ching (translated by Adler, 2020)

Therefore what is above form [metaphysical] is called the Way; what is within form [concrete] is called implements.

Shìgù, xíng ér shàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng ér xià zhě wèi zhī qì.

是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。

是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。

(philosophy) abstract or intangible things


解構主義

ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄡˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄡˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ koʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ kʰɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/kaːi̯³⁵ kɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ koʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ kʰɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/kaːi̯³⁵ kɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


七娘媽

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ niũ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ niɔ̃¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ niũ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ niɔ̃¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

(Southern Min, Chinese mythology) Zhinü, the weaver girl


火龍

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/


空韻

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ yn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²²/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐn¹³/

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ yn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²²/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐn¹³/

(Chinese linguistics) final that does not include any vowels


零韻母

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄣˋ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄣˋ ㄇㄨˇ

/liŋ³⁵ yn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²² mou̯¹³/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn¹³ mou̯¹³/

/liŋ³⁵ yn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²² mou̯¹³/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn¹³ mou̯¹³/


單韻母

/tän⁵⁵ yn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tän⁵⁵ yn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese linguistics) final that is a monophthong


不送氣音

ㄅㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄧㄣ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄧㄣ

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ sʊŋ³³ hei̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ sʊŋ³³ hei̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/


偓佺

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Woquan, a celestial being


全清

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) of a voiceless unaspirated obstruent


次清

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) of a voiceless aspirated obstruent


全濁

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

(Chinese phonetics) of a voiced obstruent


次濁

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/


不送氣

ㄅㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ sʊŋ³³ hei̯³³/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ sʊŋ³³ hei̯³³/


內部構擬

ㄋㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄡˋ ㄋㄧˇ

ㄋㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄡˋ ㄋㄧˇ

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ koʊ̯⁵¹ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² pou̯²² kʰɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/

/nɔːi̯²² pou̯²² kɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ koʊ̯⁵¹ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² pou̯²² kʰɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/

/nɔːi̯²² pou̯²² kɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/


構擬

/koʊ̯⁵¹ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/

/kɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/

/koʊ̯⁵¹ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/

/kɐu̯³³ jiː¹³/


叶韻

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ yn⁵¹/

/hiap̚⁴⁻² ũ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ yn⁵¹/

/hiap̚⁴⁻² ũ¹¹/

(Chinese phonetics) to amend the pronunciation of a character in a rhyming couplet that is perceived as not rhyming (i.e. that which is the result of phonological change)


急讀

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tu³⁵/

(Chinese linguistics) to contract two syllables into one syllable


套套邏輯

ㄊㄠˋ ˙ㄊㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

ㄊㄠˋ ˙ㄊㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

таотао лоцзи

/tʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/tʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/tʰou̯³³ tʰou̯³³ lɔː²¹ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/tʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/tʰou̯³³ tʰou̯³³ lɔː²¹ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English tautology.

psm

Speaking of this, I thought another similar scientific system—Darwin's theory of the origin of the species. Many people have criticized the so-called "survival of the fittest" for being a tautology because any biological trait can be explained as adaptation to the environment.

2012, 辉格, 《自私的皮球：我们的日子为什么是这样过的》, page 268

Shuō dào zhèlǐ, wǒ xiǎngqǐ lìng yī ge lèisì de kēxué tǐxì — Dá'ěrwén de wùzhǒng qǐyuán xuéshuō, xǔduō rén céng zhǐzé suǒwèi “shìzhě shēngcún” bùguò shì yī zhǒng tàotao luóji, yīnwèi rènhé shēngwù xìngzhuàng dōu kěyǐ bèi jiěshì wéi duì huánjìng de shìyìng.

說到這裡，我想起另一個類似的科學體系——達爾文的物種起源學說，許多人曾指責所謂「適者生存」不過是一種套套邏輯，因為任何生物性狀都可以被解釋為對環境的適應。

说到这里，我想起另一个类似的科学体系——达尔文的物种起源学说，许多人曾指责所谓「适者生存」不过是一种套套逻辑，因为任何生物性状都可以被解释为对环境的适应。


音位變體

ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄧˇ

ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄧˇ

иньвэй бяньти

/in⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² piːn³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/in⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² piːn³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/


史料學

ㄕˇ ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄕˇ ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

(historiography) study of historical materials; documentology


二進

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/jiː²² t͡sɵn³³/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/jiː²² t͡sɵn³³/


無人稱

/u³⁵ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ jɐn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/u³⁵ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ jɐn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/


非完整

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ wän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fei̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ wän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fei̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/


方言島

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

(dialectology) dialect island (Classifier: 個／个)


金烏

→ Vietnamese: ác vàng (calque)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ u⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ u⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) the golden crow, the three-legged crow living in the sun


玉兔

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² tʰou̯³³/

/ɡek̚⁴⁻² tʰou²¹³/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² tʰou̯³³/

/ɡek̚⁴⁻² tʰou²¹³/

(Chinese mythology) The Jade Rabbit; alternative name for 月兔 (yuètù, “the Moon Rabbit”).


今文

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(writing, palaeography) Alternative name for 隸書／隶书 (lìshū, “clerical script”).


晨烏

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ u⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ wuː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ u⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ wuː⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology)
(literary, figuratively) the sun


赤龍

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ lʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ lʊŋ²¹/


踆烏

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ u⁵⁵/

/sɵn⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ u⁵⁵/

/sɵn⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) synonym of 三足烏 /三足乌 (sānzúwū, “three-legged crow”)


惠比須

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵⁵/


白鼠

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (白鼠):
* → Korean: 백서(白鼠) (baekseo)

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary, Chinese mythology) one-hundred-year-old mouse


音系

/jɐm⁵⁵ hɐi̯²²/

/jɐm⁵⁵ hɐi̯²²/

(linguistics) phonology; phonological system (of a language)


金烏玉兔

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄨ ㄩˋ ㄊㄨˋ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄨ ㄩˋ ㄊㄨˋ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵ jʊk̚² tʰou̯³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵ jʊk̚² tʰou̯³³/

(Chinese mythology) the golden crow and the jade rabbit


臉盲

/li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵/

/liːm¹³ maːŋ²¹/

/li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵/

/liːm¹³ maːŋ²¹/

(psychology, pathology) face-blind; prosopagnosic


鰅鱅

(Chinese mythology) synonym of 鱅鱅 /鳙鳙 (“an ox-like hog-voiced fish”)


否定詞

/foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/fɐu̯³⁵ tɪŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/fɐu̯³⁵ tɪŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


弛聲

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/


嘎裂聲

/kä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/


金雞

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

金雞報曉

金鸡报晓

(Chinese mythology) golden rooster; (by extension) rooster that announces the dawn


完成體

/wän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


墓壙空

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, archaeology) coffin pit; grave


墓窟

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰut̚⁵/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰut̚³²/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰut̚⁵/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰut̚³²/

(Hokkien, archaeology) coffin pit; grave


墓壙

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰŋ̍⁴¹/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔŋ¹¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔŋ²¹/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰɔŋ²¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰŋ̍²¹/

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰŋ̍⁴¹/

/bɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔŋ¹¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔŋ²¹/

/bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰɔŋ²¹/

/bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰŋ̍²¹/

(literary or Hokkien, archaeology) coffin pit; grave


陰壽

/in⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯²²/

/in⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯²²/


詞位

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wɐi̯²²/


主動語態

ㄓㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄩˇ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄓㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄩˇ ㄊㄞˋ

чжудун юйтай

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʊŋ²² jyː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʊŋ²² jyː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/


被動語態

ㄅㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄩˇ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄅㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄩˇ ㄊㄞˋ

бэйдун юйтай

/peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/pei̯²² tʊŋ²² jyː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/

/peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/pei̯²² tʊŋ²² jyː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/


小片

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ pʰiːn³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ pʰiːn³³/

(Chinese linguistics, dialectology) cluster (group of dialects within a subgroup (片))


新石器革命

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕˊ ㄑㄧˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕˊ ㄑㄧˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

Синьшици Гэмин

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɛːk̚² hei̯³³ kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɛːk̚² hei̯³³ kaːp̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɛːk̚² hei̯³³ kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɛːk̚² hei̯³³ kaːp̚³ mɪŋ²²/

Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution


日馭

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology) Xihe (羲和) (a solar deity who charioteers the sun)


日御

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology) alternative form of 日馭 /日驭 (Rìyù, “Xihe (a solar deity who charioteers the sun)”)


帝嚳

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ kʊk̚⁵/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔk̚⁵/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔk̚³²/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ kʊk̚⁵/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔk̚⁵/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔk̚³²/

(Chinese mythology) Emperor Ku (mythological emperor of ancient China)


羲和

(Chinese mythology) Xi and He (two pairs of brothers whom Emperor Yao commanded to observe the heavenly bodies and make the calendar)

(Chinese mythology) Xihe (a solar deity who charioteers the sun, also the mother of ten suns)


陽烏

(Chinese mythology) the three-legged crow


燭龍

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Zhulong (a giant red solar dragon and god)


仙鶴

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/siːn⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/siːn⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ɕie¹¹ xɤ⁴⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤʔ⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hoʔ⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hoʔ⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ŋoʔ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/siːn⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/siːn⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ɕie¹¹ xɤ⁴⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤʔ⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hoʔ⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hoʔ⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ŋoʔ²¹/

(Chinese mythology) crane that is raised and ridden by an immortal


水珠

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su³³/

/t͡sui⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su³³/

/t͡sui⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) a kind of precious pearl that can attract springwater


蟠龍

/pʰän³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/pʰän³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹ lʊŋ²¹/


方言點

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ tiːm³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ tiːm³⁵/

(dialectology) dialect point; dialect location (the locale where a specific language variety under investigation is spoken, usually at the level of a city or smaller, circumscribed to minimize geographical variation) (Classifier: 個／个 m c)


名物化

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/miŋ³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ mɐt̚² faː³³/

/miŋ³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ mɐt̚² faː³³/

(linguistics) to nominalise; to substantivise


仙方

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/siːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/siːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) magical prescription


鸞鳥

/lu̯än³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯än³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) a kind of mythical bird similar to the Chinese phoenix


重紐

Sino-Xenic (重紐):
* → Vietnamese: trùng nữu (重紐)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ nɐu̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ nɐu̯³⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) chongniu, Middle Chinese rimes of unclear phonological distinction


不可譯性

ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/


可譯性

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/


漏譯

/loʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/loʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

(translation studies) to make an omission when translating


玄聲

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the huyền ("deep") tone of Vietnamese


銳聲

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the sắc ("sharp") tone of Vietnamese


問聲

/wən⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wən⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the hỏi ("asking") tone of Vietnamese


重聲

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the nặng ("heavy") tone of Vietnamese


跌聲

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the ngã ("tumbling") tone of Vietnamese


紅星

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

(communism) Red Star; red five-pointed star


少康

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Shao Kang (sixth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


擬音

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ jɐm⁵⁵/


漢書

/xän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ syː⁵⁵/

/xän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ syː⁵⁵/

(history) Book of Han (history of the Western Han dynasty finished in 111)


阿芙羅狄忒

ㄚ ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧˊ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄚ ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧˊ ㄊㄜˋ

/ˀä⁵⁵ fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/aː³³ fuː²¹ lɔː²¹ tɪk̚² tʰɪk̚⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/aː³³ fuː²¹ lɔː²¹ tɪk̚² tʰɪk̚⁵/


祝融

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

(Chinese mythology) Zhurong (a Chinese god of fire and of the south)


一詞多義

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/


多義性

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ jiː²² sɪŋ³³/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ jiː²² sɪŋ³³/


小韻

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ wɐn²²/

/siːu̯³⁵ wɐn¹³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ wɐn²²/

/siːu̯³⁵ wɐn¹³/

(Chinese phonetics) subset of a rhyme group which collects all characters sharing the same initial, final and tone (i.e. homophones)


舒聲

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) syllable that does not end in a stop consonant


語篇

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jyː¹³ pʰiːn⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jyː¹³ pʰiːn⁵⁵/

(linguistics, translation studies) discourse


話語分析

ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄩˇ ㄈㄣ ㄒㄧ

ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄩˇ ㄈㄣ ㄒㄧ

хуаюй фэньси

/xu̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ fən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ fən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/


語篇分析

ㄩˇ ㄆㄧㄢ ㄈㄣ ㄒㄧ

ㄩˇ ㄆㄧㄢ ㄈㄣ ㄒㄧ

юйпянь фэньси

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/


白泉

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/


景陽

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

Yùshù gē cán wángqì zhōng, Jǐngyáng bīng hé shùlóu kōng.

玉樹歌殘王氣終，景陽兵合戍樓空。

玉树歌残王气终，景阳兵合戍楼空。

(history) Name of a palace in Nanjing in the Southern dynasties


道學

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² hɔːk̚²/

/to²²⁻²¹ hak̚⁴/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² hɔːk̚²/

/to²²⁻²¹ hak̚⁴/


閻羅天子

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄗˇ

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄗˇ

Яньло Тяньцзы

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese mythology) synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


玉皇上帝

ja-r

^ぎょく%こう ^じょう%てい

CJKV/code

^ぎょく%こう ^じょう%てい

Sino-Xenic (玉皇上帝):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)皇(こう)上(じょう)帝(てい) (Gyokukō Jōtei)
* → Korean: 옥황상제(玉皇上帝) (Okhwangsangje)
* → Vietnamese: Ngọc Hoàng Thượng Đế (玉皇上帝)

CJKV

^ぎょく%こう ^じょう%てい

ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄧˋ

ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄧˋ

Юйхуан Шанди

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²² tɐi̯³³/

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²² tɐi̯³³/

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the Jade Emperor

Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism


音段

超音段特徵

超音段特征


虯龍

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu¹³⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/ki¹³⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu²³⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/ki²³⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu¹³⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/ki¹³⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu²³⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/ki²³⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

(literary, Chinese mythology) qiulong (type of dragon)


梅花音

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

From the shape of the IPA symbol ⟨æ⟩. The vowel is difficult to pronounce for native speakers of Chinese (including Standard Mandarin and many topolects), hence the need of a name.

(phonetics, informal) near-open front unrounded vowel [æ]


本紀

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/


宋明理學

ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

Сунмин Лисюэ

/sʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/


水逆

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jɪk̚²/

Short for 水星逆行 (Shuǐxīng nìxíng), attested no later than 2012.

Why am I so unlucky recently? It must be because of Mercury retrograde!

Wǒ zuìjìn zǎ zènme dǎoméi? Yīdìng shì shuǐnì hài de!

我最近咋這麼倒霉？一定是水逆害的！

我最近咋这么倒霉？一定是水逆害的！

The bad luck of Mercury retrograde, be gone!

水逆退散！

(astrology) the retrograde motion of Mercury, or the bad luck it brings; or, bad luck in general


水逆

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jɪk̚²/

I've been experiencing (the bad luck of) Mercury retrograde recently; whatever I do is difficult.

最近俺水逆，幹啥啥不順。

最近俺水逆，干啥啥不顺。

(astrology) to have bad luck due to the retrograde motion of Mercury; or, to have bad luck in general


李德勝

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

From the pseudonym Mao Zedong used during the Chinese Civil War. 德勝/德胜 (Déshèng) is homophonous to 得勝／得胜 (déshèng, “to triumph, to win a victory”).


字爿

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛiŋ⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² puĩ²⁴/

/zi³³⁻²¹ piɪŋ²³/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ piɪŋ¹³/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛiŋ⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² puĩ²⁴/

/zi³³⁻²¹ piɪŋ²³/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ piɪŋ¹³/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Chinese linguistics) component (of a Chinese character; usually the 部首)


奧伏赫變

ㄠˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

ㄠˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵ xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵ xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of German aufheben.

psm

(philosophy) synonym of 揚棄 /扬弃 (yángqì, “to sublate”)


將來時態

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄞˊ ㄕˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄞˊ ㄕˊ ㄊㄞˋ

цзянлай шитай

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ siː²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ siː²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/


將來時制

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄞˊ ㄕˊ ㄓˋ

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄞˊ ㄕˊ ㄓˋ

цзянлай шичжи

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ siː²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ siː²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/


將來時

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ siː²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ siː²¹/


奧羅拉

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(Roman mythology) Aurora (Roman goddess of the dawn)


歐若拉

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ jœːk̚² laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ jœːk̚² laːi̯⁵⁵/


詞項

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ hɔːŋ²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ hɔːŋ²²/


社會方言

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ

шэхуэй фанъянь

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/


本我

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³⁵ ŋɔː¹³/

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³⁵ ŋɔː¹³/


鯤鵬

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ pʰaːŋ²¹/

(Chinese mythology) kunpeng (a kind of sea monster that transforms into a roc)


鶝鶔

/fu³⁵ ʐoʊ̯³⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʐoʊ̯³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) a bird resembling a magpie, but with a shorter tail. It was very agile, as it could dodge arrows, catch them in its mouth, and launch them back at the archer.


開合

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

(Chinese phonetics) 開口／开口 (kāikǒu, “open-mouthed”) and 合口 (hékǒu, “closed-mouthed”); quality of being open-mouthed or closed-mouthed; medial


等韻圖

/tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/


韻圖

/wɐn²² tʰou̯²¹/

/wɐn²² tʰou̯²¹/


四等

/sz̩⁵¹ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sz̩⁵¹ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese phonetics) synonym of 四呼 (sìhū)

(Chinese phonetics) the "four divisions" of a rime table

(Chinese phonetics) the fourth division of a rime table


歷史社會學

ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

лиши шэхуэйсюэ

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵ sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵ sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ hɔːk̚²/

historical sociology
historical sociology


及物性

/t͡ɕi³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰɐp̚² mɐt̚² sɪŋ³³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰɐp̚² mɐt̚² sɪŋ³³/


目的性理論

ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

мудисин лилунь

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² tɪk̚⁵ sɪŋ³³ lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/

/mʊk̚² tɪk̚⁵ sɪŋ³³ lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/

(translation studies) Skopos theory; Skopostheorie


功能翻譯理論

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄥˊ ㄈㄢ ㄧˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄥˊ ㄈㄢ ㄧˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

гуннэн фаньи лилунь

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɤŋ³⁵ fän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɐŋ²¹ faːn⁵⁵ jɪk̚² lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɐŋ²¹ faːn⁵⁵ jɪk̚² lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/


句尾

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯³³ mei̯¹³/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯³³ mei̯¹³/


聯合戰線

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ляньхэ чжаньсянь

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

統一戰線 統一戰線#Chinese

统一战线 统一战线#Chinese

(communism) synonym of 統一戰線 /统一战线 (tǒngyī zhànxiàn, “united front”)


大前提

ㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄧˊ

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹/


小前提

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄧˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹/


三段論

ㄙㄢ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

саньдуаньлунь

/sän⁵⁵ tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/


顎音化

/ˀɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/


語言接觸

ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄔㄨˋ

ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄔㄨˋ

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ t͡siːp̚³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ t͡siːp̚³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/


半上聲

/pän⁵¹ ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/puːn³³ sœːŋ¹³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹ ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/puːn³³ sœːŋ¹³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

When a character to be read with a rising tone is preceded by a character that is not read with a rising tone (dark level tone, light level tone, or departing tone), the rising tone tonal value changes from 214 into a half rising tone tonal value of 21.

2010, 邢福义 (Xing Fuyi), 普通话培训测试指要, page 67

Shǎngshēng yǔ fēi shǎngshēng (yīnpíng, yángpíng, qùshēng) xiānglián, shǎngshēng diàozhí yóu 214 biànwéi bànshǎngshēng 21.

上聲與非上聲（陰平、陽平、去聲）相連，上聲調值由214變為半上聲21。

上声与非上声（阴平、阳平、去声）相连，上声调值由214变为半上声21。

When a character to be read with a rising tone is preceded by a character that would be read with dark level tone, light level tone, departing tone, or neutral tone, that is to say, whenever such a character is found before any character that is not read with rising tone, the normally-expected rise in tone at the tail-end of the rising tone from 1 to 4 in the last half is eliminated. The tonal value changes from 214 into a half rising tone tonal value of 2 11. This is expressed in written form as a change from 214 to 211.

2014, 普通话水平测试实施纲要 (Putonghua Proficiency Test Guide), page 32

Shǎngshēng zài yīnpíng, yángpíng, qùshēng, qīngshēng qián, jí zài fēi shǎngshēng qián, diūdiào hòu bàn duàn “14” shàngshēng de wěiba, diàozhí yóu 214 biànwéi bànshǎngshēng 211, biàndiào diàozhí miáoxiě wéi 214 - 211.

上聲在陰平、陽平、去聲、輕聲前，即在非上聲前，丟掉後半段“14”上升的尾巴，調值由214變為半上聲211，變調調值描寫為214-211。

上声在阴平、阳平、去声、轻声前，即在非上声前，丢掉后半段“14”上升的尾巴，调值由214变为半上声211，变调调值描写为214-211。

(linguistics) half rising tone (used when a character considered tone 3 in Mainland Standard Mandarin is followed by a character of any other tone or non-tone)


調值

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tiːu̯²² t͡sɪk̚²/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tiːu̯²² t͡sɪk̚²/


狐仙

/xu³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ˈfu³⁵ ɕiɛn⁴²/

/xu³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ˈfu³⁵ ɕiɛn⁴²/


交換性

ㄐㄧㄠ ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄐㄧㄠ ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

цзяохуаньсин

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ wuːn²² sɪŋ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ wuːn²² sɪŋ³³/


傳遞性

ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ tɐi̯²² sɪŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ tɐi̯²² sɪŋ³³/


自反性

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² faːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² faːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³/


反對稱性

ㄈㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄈㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

фаньдуйчэньсин

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

фаньдуйчэнсин

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡sʰɪŋ³³ sɪŋ³³/

/faːn³⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡sʰɪŋ³³ sɪŋ³³/


結合性

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

(mathematics, logic) associativity; (attributive) associative


皮欽語

/pʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰei̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/pʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰei̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ jyː¹³/


語素

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

粘著語素／粘着语素

自由語素／自由语素

派生語素／派生语素 ― pàishēng yǔsù ― derivational morpheme

屈折語素／屈折语素

語素分析／语素分析

語素文字

语素文字


橫聲

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the ngang ("level") tone of Vietnamese


指小詞

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/


小稱詞

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/


塗州

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

(Southern Min, mythology, religion) hell; netherworld; Hades


嗍血鬼

/su(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ hue(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kui⁴¹/

/su(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kui⁵³/

/su(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ hue(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kui⁴¹/

/su(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kui⁵³/


觀念形態

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

гуаньнянь синтай

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

1930, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), 《二心集·現代電影與有產階級（譯文，並附記）》, 魯迅全集 (1981).

Xiànzài, zài sīxiǎng de shūyùn shàng, zài guānniàn xíngtài de juédìng shàng, diànyǐng suǒ fù de rènwù, jiù gèngjiā jījí de, gèngjiā yìshí de le.

現在，在思想的輸運上，在觀念形態的決定上，電影所負的任務，就更加積極底，更加意識底了。

现在，在思想的输运上，在观念形态的决定上，电影所负的任务，就更加积极底，更加意识底了。

Works of literature and art, as ideological forms, are products of the reflection in the human brain of the life of a given society.

1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Zuòwéi guānniàn xíngtài de wényì zuòpǐn, dōu shì yīdìng de shèhuì shēnghuó zài rénlèi tóunǎo zhōng de fǎnyìng de chǎnwù.

作為觀念形態的文藝作品，都是一定的社會生活在人類頭腦中的反映的產物。

作为观念形态的文艺作品，都是一定的社会生活在人类头脑中的反映的产物。

意識形態 意識形態#Chinese

意识形态 意识形态#Chinese

(sociology, politics) synonym of 意識形態 /意识形态 (yìshí xíngtài, “ideology”)


擬測

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/


仙島

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) island of the immortals


沙文豬

/ʂä⁵⁵ wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

大男子主義沙文豬

大男子主义沙文猪

(slang, neologism, feminism) chauvinist pig


駿鷹

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ jɪŋ⁵⁵/


獅鷲

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/


半人馬

/pän⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ jɐn²¹ maː¹³/

/pän⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ jɐn²¹ maː¹³/


寧芙

/nɪŋ²¹ fuː²¹/

/nɪŋ²¹ fuː²¹/


賽蓮

/saɪ̯⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/


矮精靈

/ˀaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/


冗言

/ʐʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/jʊŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ʐʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/jʊŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹/


頭音

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/


頭音法則

ㄊㄡˊ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄚˇ ㄗㄜˊ

ㄊㄡˊ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄚˇ ㄗㄜˊ

тоуинь фацзэ

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/


甲骨文字

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄗˋ

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄗˋ

цзягу вэньцзы

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(palaeography, historiography) oracle bone script


社會性別

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

шэхуэй синбе

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

(sociology) gender (Identification as a man, a woman or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis.)


客體化

ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/haːk̚³ tʰɐi̯³⁵ faː³³/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/haːk̚³ tʰɐi̯³⁵ faː³³/

(sociology, psychology) to become an object; to objectify


對象化

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ t͡sœːŋ²² faː³³/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ t͡sœːŋ²² faː³³/

(sociology, psychology, Marxism) to become an object; to objectify


生物性別

ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚² sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚² sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

(sociology) sex (A category into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species)


生理性別

ㄕㄥ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

ㄕㄥ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴⁻¹¹ sin⁵⁵ pʰet̚⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴⁻¹¹ sin⁵⁵ pʰet̚⁵/


讀破

/tu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʊk̚² pʰɔː³³/

/tu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʊk̚² pʰɔː³³/

(linguistics) to pronounce a Chinese character differently when it has a meaning or function different from its usual one


圈破

/kʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² pʰua²¹/

/kʰŋ̍³³ pʰua⁴¹/

/kʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² pʰua²¹/

/kʰŋ̍³³ pʰua⁴¹/

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien, linguistics) to pronounce a Chinese character differently when it has a meaning or function different from its usual one


鉤破

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² pʰua²¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² pʰua²¹/

(Southern Min, linguistics) to pronounce a Chinese character differently when it has a meaning or function different from its usual one


轉義

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/


輕躁

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/

(psychiatry, informal) short for 輕躁狂／轻躁狂 (qīngzàokuáng, “hypomanic”)


格魯吉亞人

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

гэлуцзияжэнь

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lou̯¹³ kɐt̚⁵ aː³³ jɐn²¹/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lou̯¹³ kɐt̚⁵ aː³³ jɐn²¹/

(Mainland China, paleontology, anthropology, rare) Homo georgicus


五音

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐm⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the five classes of initial consonants of Chinese phonetics (喉音, 舌音, 齒音, 唇音, 牙音)


現在時態

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄊㄞˋ

сяньцзай шитай

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn²² t͡sɔːi̯²² siː²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn²² t͡sɔːi̯²² siː²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/


丹尼索瓦人

ㄉㄢ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄉㄢ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

Даньнисоважэнь

/tän⁵⁵ ni³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ ni³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

(paleontology, anthropology) Denisovan (extinct species of human)


外譯

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

(translation studies) foreign-language translation (usually as opposed to translation between Classical and Modern Chinese)


使役動詞

ㄕˇ ㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

ㄕˇ ㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


難檢字

наньцзяньцзы

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(lexicography) character difficult to look up by a particular method


偽史

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɐi̯²² siː³⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɐi̯²² siː³⁵/

(historiography) false history; unreliable history


現象學

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jiːn²² t͡sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jiːn²² t͡sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/


輕脣音

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


脣齒音

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


重脣音

ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄧㄣ

ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄧㄣ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


裂化

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/


裂化

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

(phonetics) diphthongization; vowel breaking


阻音

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


阻塞音

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


顎化

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² faː³³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² faː³³/


小舌音

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ siːt̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ siːt̚² jɐm⁵⁵/


翹舌音

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ siːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ siːt̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ siːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ siːt̚² jɐm⁵⁵/


圓脣

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/


托洛茨基

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄘˊ ㄐㄧ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄘˊ ㄐㄧ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Russian Троцкий (Trockij).

托洛斯基
托洛次基
托羅斯基
托羅茲基

Having determined on their policy, they have lost no time in hiring some "metaphysics-mongers" plus a few Trotskyites who, brandishing their pens like lances, are tilting in all directions and creating bedlam.

1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Jìcè yǐdìng, shìbùyíchí, yúshì gùshàng jǐ ge xuánxuéguǐ, zài jiā jǐ míng Tuōluòcíjī, yáodòng bǐgǎn qiāng, jiù luàn huàn luàn jiào, luàn dǎ luàn cì le yī dùn.

計策已定，事不宜遲，於是僱上幾個玄學鬼，再加幾名托洛茨基，搖動筆桿槍，就亂喚亂叫、亂打亂刺了一頓。

计策已定，事不宜迟，于是雇上几个玄学鬼，再加几名托洛茨基，摇动笔杆枪，就乱唤乱叫、乱打乱刺了一顿。

(derogatory, communism) Trotskyite; traitor to the revolution


詞彙重整

ㄘˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄥˇ

ㄘˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄥˇ

цыхуэй чунчжэн

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wuːi̯²² t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wuːi̯²² t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/


語法化

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ faːt̚³ faː³³/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ faːt̚³ faː³³/


虛化

/ɕy⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ɕy⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ faː³³/


白匪

/paɪ̯³⁵ feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Its use as a reference to the Kuomintang stems from a comparison of the Kuomintang to the White movement in Russia during the Russian Civil War, as well as white being one of the main colours of the Kuomintang. It also connects to the term white terror, which refers to coordinated violence carried out against socialists or communists, by nationalist or fascist organisations.

(communism, derogatory) White bandits (anti-Communist forces; in China particularly the KMT)

(specific, communism, derogatory) the Kuomintang

1920, “White Army, Black Baron”, Pavel Grigorevich Gorinshtejn, translated by Xue Fan (lyrics), Samuil Pokrass (music):

The White Army is a group of black crows

白匪軍是一群黑烏鴉

白匪军是一群黑乌鸦

(communism, derogatory, historical) White Army


白陶

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

(archaeology) white pottery (of the Shang Dynasty, c. 16th–11th century BCE)


外動詞

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


內動詞

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


突厥語系

ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄩˇ ㄒㄧˋ

ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄩˇ ㄒㄧˋ

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ jyː¹³ hɐi̯²²/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ jyː¹³ hɐi̯²²/


情態動詞

ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

цинтай дунцы

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


能願動詞

ㄋㄥˊ ㄩㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

ㄋㄥˊ ㄩㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

нэнъюаньдунцы

/nɤŋ³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ jyːn²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/nɤŋ³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ jyːn²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


輕躁狂

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄗㄠˋ ㄎㄨㄤˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄗㄠˋ ㄎㄨㄤˊ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³ kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³ kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/

輕躁狂發作

轻躁狂发作


鬱期

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wɐt̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wɐt̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

(psychiatry) depressive phase (of bipolar disorder)


躁期

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³³ kʰei̯²¹/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³³ kʰei̯²¹/

(psychiatry) manic phase (of bipolar disorder)


閻王爺

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/nʲiɛn²¹ uaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ iɛ²¹/

/jiːm²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/ie¹¹ vɒ̃¹¹ ie¹¹/

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/nʲiɛn²¹ uaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ iɛ²¹/

/jiːm²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/ie¹¹ vɒ̃¹¹ ie¹¹/

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology) synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


雙式詞

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/


自為

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

(philosophy, existentialism, phenomenology) for-itself


移情

/i³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/i³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/


反移情

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/


前意識

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵/


自然法

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(philosophy, law) natural law; law of nature


唯理論

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

/weɪ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/

/weɪ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/

In the history of philosophy there is the “rationalist” school that admits the reality only of reason and not of experience, believing that reason alone is reliable while perceptual experience is not; this school errs by turning things upside down.

1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Zhéxuéshǐ shàng yǒu suǒwèi “wéilǐlùn” yī pài, jiùshì zhǐ chéngrèn lǐxìng de shízàixìng, bù chéngrèn jīngyàn de shízàixìng, yǐwéi zhǐyǒu lǐxìng kào de zhù, ér gǎnjué de jīngyàn shì kào bu zhù de, zhè yī pài de cuòwù zàiyú diāndǎo le shìshí.

哲學史上有所謂「唯理論」一派，就是只承認理性的實在性，不承認經驗的實在性，以為只有理性靠得住，而感覺的經驗是靠不住的，這一派的錯誤在於顛倒了事實。

哲学史上有所谓「唯理论」一派，就是只承认理性的实在性，不承认经验的实在性，以为只有理性靠得住，而感觉的经验是靠不住的，这一派的错误在于颠倒了事实。


唯理主義

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/weɪ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/


機械唯物論

ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

цзисе вэйулунь

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

Idealism and mechanical materialism, opportunism and adventurism, are all characterized by the breach between the subjective and the objective, by the separation of knowledge from practice.

Wéixīnlùn hé jīxiè wéiwùlùn, jīhuì zhǔyì hé màoxiǎn zhǔyì, dōu shì yǐ zhǔguān hé kèguān xiāng fēnliè, yǐ rènshi hé shíjiàn xiāng tuōlí wéi tèzhēng de.

唯心論和機械唯物論，機會主義和冒險主義，都是以主觀和客觀相分裂，以認識和實踐相脫離為特徵的。

唯心论和机械唯物论，机会主义和冒险主义，都是以主观和客观相分裂，以认识和实践相脱离为特征的。

機械唯物主義 機械唯物主義#Chinese

机械唯物主义 机械唯物主义#Chinese

(philosophy) synonym of 機械唯物主義 /机械唯物主义 (jīxiè wéiwù zhǔyì, “mechanical materialism”)


機械唯物主義

ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

цзисе вэйу чжуи

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

The Chinese Communist Party critically accepts the historical heritage of China and foreign countries based on the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism, and opposes any world outlook based on idealism or mechanical materialism.

1945, 中國共產黨黨章 (Constitution of the Communist Party of China)

Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng yǐ Mǎkèsī zhǔyì de biànzhèng wéiwù zhǔyì yǔ lìshǐ wéiwù zhǔyì wéi jīchǔ, pīpàn de jiēshōu Zhōngguó de yǔ wàiguó de lìshǐ yíchǎn, fǎnduì rènhé wéixīn zhǔyì de huò jīxiè wéiwù zhǔyì de shìjièguān.

中國共產黨以馬克思主義的辯證唯物主義與歷史唯物主義為基礎，批判地接收中國的與外國的歷史遺產，反對任何唯心主義的或機械唯物主義的世界觀。

中国共产党以马克思主义的辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义为基础，批判地接收中国的与外国的历史遗产，反对任何唯心主义的或机械唯物主义的世界观。


機械論

ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

Epistemologically speaking, the source of all erroneous views on war lies in idealist and mechanistic tendencies on the question.

1938, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論持久戰》 (On Protracted War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Zhànzhēng wèntí zhōng de wéixīnlùn hé jīxièlùn de qīngxiàng, shì yīqiè cuòwù guāndiǎn de rènshilùn shàng de gēnyuán.

戰爭問題中的唯心論和機械論的傾向，是一切錯誤觀點的認識論上的根源。

战争问题中的唯心论和机械论的倾向，是一切错误观点的认识论上的根源。


判官

/pʰän⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰɔŋ²¹³⁻¹³ kuɵn⁴²/

/pʰæ̃⁴⁵ kuæ̃¹¹/

/pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/

/pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰø³³ kuø⁴⁴/

/pʰän⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰɔŋ²¹³⁻¹³ kuɵn⁴²/

/pʰæ̃⁴⁵ kuæ̃¹¹/

/pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/

/pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/pʰø³³ kuø⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) official who assists Yama in the underworld


句首

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯³³ sɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯³³ sɐu̯³⁵/


豬都

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

(literary, Chinese mythology) The name of a kind of animal.


菲勒斯中心主義

ㄈㄟ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄈㄟ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

фэйлэсы чжунсинь чжуи

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/


歷史性

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

In philosophy, neither “rationalism” nor “empiricism” understands the historical or the dialectical nature of knowledge, and although each of these schools contains one aspect of the truth (here I am referring to materialist, not to idealist, rationalism and empiricism), both are wrong on the theory of knowledge as a whole.

Zhéxué shàng de “wéilǐlùn” hé “jīngyànlùn” dōu bù dǒngde rènshi de lìshǐxìng huò biànzhèngxìng, suīrán gè yǒu piànmiàn de zhēnlǐ (duìyú wéiwù de wéilǐlùn hé jīngyànlùn éryán, fēi zhǐ wéixīn de wéilǐlùn hé jīngyànlùn), dàn zài rènshilùn de quántǐ shàng zé dōu shì cuòwù de.

哲學上的「唯理論」和「經驗論」都不懂得認識的歷史性或辯證性，雖然各有片面的真理（對於唯物的唯理論和經驗論而言，非指唯心的唯理論和經驗論），但在認識論的全體上則都是錯誤的。

哲学上的「唯理论」和「经验论」都不懂得认识的历史性或辩证性，虽然各有片面的真理（对于唯物的唯理论和经验论而言，非指唯心的唯理论和经验论），但在认识论的全体上则都是错误的。

(philosophy, historiography, often attributive) historical nature; historical significance


辯證性

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

(philosophy, often attributive) dialectality; dialectical nature


主觀能動性

ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

чжугуань нэндунсин

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ nɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

When people in society throw themselves into the practice of changing a certain objective process (whether natural or social) at a certain stage of its development, they can, as a result of the reflection of the objective process in their brains and the exercise of their subjective activity, advance their knowledge from the perceptual to the rational, and create ideas, theories, plans or programmes which correspond in general to the laws of that objective process.

Shèhuì de rénmen tóushēn yú biàngé zài mǒu yī fāzhǎn jiēduàn nèi de mǒu yī kèguān guòchéng de shíjiàn zhōng (bùlùn shì guānyú biàngé mǒu yī zìrán guòchéng de shíjiàn, huò biàngé mǒu yī shèhuì guòchéng de shíjiàn), yóuyú kèguān guòchéng de fǎnyìng hé zhǔguān néngdòngxìng de zuòyòng, shǐdé rénmen de rènshi yóu gǎnxìng de tuīyí dào le lǐxìng de, zàochéng le dàtǐshang xiāngyìng yú gāi kèguān guòchéng de fǎzéxìng de sīxiǎng, lǐlùn, jìhuà huò fāng'àn.

社會的人們投身於變革在某一發展階段內的某一客觀過程的實踐中（不論是關於變革某一自然過程的實踐，或變革某一社會過程的實踐），由於客觀過程的反映和主觀能動性的作用，使得人們的認識由感性的推移到了理性的，造成了大體上相應於該客觀過程的法則性的思想、理論、計劃或方案。

社会的人们投身于变革在某一发展阶段内的某一客观过程的实践中（不论是关于变革某一自然过程的实践，或变革某一社会过程的实践），由于客观过程的反映和主观能动性的作用，使得人们的认识由感性的推移到了理性的，造成了大体上相应于该客观过程的法则性的思想、理论、计划或方案。

(philosophy) subjective activity; subjective agency


扶桑國

/fu³⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fu³⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan


肅反

/su⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Short for 肅清反革命／肃清反革命 (sùqīng fǎngémìng) or 肅清反革命分子／肃清反革命分子 (sùqīng fǎngémìng fènzǐ).

zh-etym-short

(communism) to eliminate counterrevolutionaries; to purge counterrevolutionary elements


肅反

/su⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(communism) elimination of counterrevolutionaries; purge of counterrevolutionary elements


肅反運動

ㄙㄨˋ ㄈㄢˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

ㄙㄨˋ ㄈㄢˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

суфань юньдун

/su⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/sʊk̚⁵ faːn³⁵ wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

/su⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/sʊk̚⁵ faːn³⁵ wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

(communism) campaign to eliminate counterrevolutionaries


瑤池

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (瑤池):
* → Korean: 요지(瑤池) (yoji)

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

(Chinese religion, Chinese mythology) Jade Pond; Gem Pond (a mythical location in the Kunlun Mountains associated with the Queen Mother of the West)


偽命題

ㄨㄟˇ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄧˊ

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

(mathematics, logic) false proposition; false premise


對立統一

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ laːp̚² tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ laːp̚² tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

The law of contradiction in things, that is, the law of the unity of opposites, is the basic law of materialist dialectics.

1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《矛盾論》 (On Contradiction), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Shìwù de máodùn fǎzé, jí duìlì tǒngyī de fǎzé, shì wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ de zuì gēnběn de fǎzé.

事物的矛盾法則，即對立統一的法則，是唯物辯證法的最根本的法則。

事物的矛盾法则，即对立统一的法则，是唯物辩证法的最根本的法则。


對立統一規律

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄩˋ

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄩˋ

дуйли тунъи гуйлюй

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/

Marxist philosophy holds that the law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of the universe.

1957, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》 (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Mǎkèsī zhǔyì de zhéxué rènwéi, duìlì tǒngyī guīlǜ shì yǔzhòu de gēnběn guīlǜ.

馬克思主義的哲學認為，對立統一規律是宇宙的根本規律。

马克思主义的哲学认为，对立统一规律是宇宙的根本规律。

(philosophy) law of the unity of opposites


對立統一法則

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄈㄚˇ ㄗㄜˊ

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄈㄚˇ ㄗㄜˊ

дуйли тунъи фацзэ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Lenin defined the law of the unity of opposites as “the recognition (discovery) of the contradictory, mutually exclusive, opposite tendencies in all phenomena and processes of nature (including mind and society)”.

Lièníng duìyú duìlì tǒngyī fǎzé suǒ xià de dìngyì, shuō tā jiùshì “chéngrèn (fāxiàn) zìránjiè (jīngshén hé shèhuì liǎngzhě yě zàinèi) de yīqiè xiànxiàng hé guòchéng dōu hányǒu hùxiāng máodùn, hùxiāng páichì, hùxiāng duìlì de qūxiàng”.

列寧對於對立統一法則所下的定義，說它就是「承認（發現）自然界（精神和社會兩者也在內）的一切現象和過程都含有互相矛盾、互相排斥、互相對立的趨向」。

列宁对于对立统一法则所下的定义，说它就是「承认（发现）自然界（精神和社会两者也在内）的一切现象和过程都含有互相矛盾、互相排斥、互相对立的趋向」。


統一體

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

They are the two opposites of a single entity, contradictory as well as united, and we should not one-sidedly emphasize one to the exclusion of the other.

Zhèxiē dōu shì yīge tǒngyītǐ de liǎng ge máodùn zhe de cèmiàn, tāmen shì máodùn de, yòu shì tǒngyī de, wǒmen bù yīngdāng piànmiàn de qiángdiào mǒu yīge cèmiàn ér fǒudìng lìng yīge cèmiàn.

這些都是一個統一體的兩個矛盾著的側面，它們是矛盾的，又是統一的，我們不應當片面地強調某一個側面而否定另一個側面。

这些都是一个统一体的两个矛盾着的侧面，它们是矛盾的，又是统一的，我们不应当片面地强调某一个侧面而否定另一个侧面。


巴蛇

(mythology) ba snake, a mythical python that eats elephants


螣蛇

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵/

螣蛇無足而飛。

螣蛇无足而飞。

Though winged serpents ride high on the mist, they turn to dust and ashes at last.

3rd century, Cao Cao, 《步出夏門行·龜雖壽》, based on the translation by Jean Elizabeth Ward.

螣蛇乘霧，終為土灰。

螣蛇乘雾，终为土灰。

(mythology) teng snake, a kind of flying serpent or dragon


長期共存，互相監督

ㄔㄤˊ ㄑㄧ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄨㄣˊ

ㄏㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄐㄧㄢ ㄉㄨ

ㄔㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄨㄣˊ

coeng⁴ kei⁴ gung⁶ cyun⁴, wu⁶ soeng¹ gaam¹ duk¹

чанци гунцунь

хусян цзяньду

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ xu⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ xu⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

chèuhng kèih guhng chyùhn, wuh sēung gāam dūk

tsoeng⁴ kei⁴ gung⁶ tsyn⁴, wu⁶ soeng¹ gaam¹ duk⁷

cêng⁴ kéi⁴ gung⁶ qun⁴, wu⁶ sêng¹ gam¹ dug¹

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹ kʊŋ²² t͡sʰyːn²¹ wuː²² sœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːm⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵/

Thus, we hope that in order to fit in with the needs of the new society, all the democratic parties will pay attention to ideological remoulding and strive for long-term coexistence with the Communist Party and mutual supervision.

Yīncǐ, wǒmen xīwàng gè mínzhǔ dǎngpài dōu néng zhùyì sīxiǎng gǎizào, zhēngqǔ hé Gòngchǎndǎng yīdào chángqī gòngcún, hùxiāng jiāndū, yǐ shìyìng xīnshèhuì de xūyào.

因此，我們希望各民主黨派都能注意思想改造，爭取和共產黨一道長期共存，互相監督，以適應新社會的需要。

因此，我们希望各民主党派都能注意思想改造，争取和共产党一道长期共存，互相监督，以适应新社会的需要。

(Maoism, socialism) long-term coexistence and mutual supervision (of the Communist party and the democratic parties)


唯心主義者

ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄓㄜˇ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄓㄜˇ

вэйсиньчжуичжэ

vɛjsinʹčžuičžɛ

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

In fact, aren't the idealists criticizing Marxism every day and in every way?

Shìshí shàng, wéixīn zhǔyìzhě bùshì měitiān dōu zài yòng gèzhǒng xíngshì pīpíng Mǎkèsī zhǔyì ma?

事實上，唯心主義者不是每天都在用各種形式批評馬克思主義嗎？

事实上，唯心主义者不是每天都在用各种形式批评马克思主义吗？

(philosophy) idealist (one who adheres to idealism)


鼻音化

/pi³⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pei̯²² jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/

/pi³⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pei̯²² jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/


鼻化

/pi³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pi³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/


工具格

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯²² kaːk̚³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯²² kaːk̚³/


驪珠

/li³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/li³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) black dragon pearl; pearl taken from under the chin of a black dragon


中心語

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ jyː¹³/


中心詞

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/


疑問代詞

ㄧˊ ㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄞˋ ㄘˊ

ㄧˊ ㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄞˋ ㄘˊ

/i³⁵ wən⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/jiː²¹ mɐn²² tɔːi̯²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/i³⁵ wən⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/jiː²¹ mɐn²² tɔːi̯²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun


疑問副詞

ㄧˊ ㄨㄣˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄘˊ

ㄧˊ ㄨㄣˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄘˊ

/i³⁵ wən⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/jiː²¹ mɐn²² fuː³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/i³⁵ wən⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/jiː²¹ mɐn²² fuː³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

interrogative adverb
interrogative adverb


上位詞

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


開悟

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²²/

/kʰai³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²²/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃³³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²²/

/kʰai³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²²/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃³³/

(Buddhism, philosophy, psychology) enlightenment


名詞片語

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ ㄆㄧㄢˋ ㄩˇ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ ㄆㄧㄢˋ ㄩˇ

минцы пяньюй

/miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹ pʰiːn³³ jyː¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹ pʰiːn³³ jyː¹³/


名詞短語

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ ㄉㄨㄢˇ ㄩˇ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ ㄉㄨㄢˇ ㄩˇ

минцы дуаньюй

/miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ tu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹ tyːn³⁵ jyː¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ tu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹ tyːn³⁵ jyː¹³/


方位格

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵ kaːk̚³/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵ kaːk̚³/


西日耳曼語支

ㄒㄧ ㄖˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄓ

ㄒㄧ ㄖˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄓ

Сижиэрманьюйчжи

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐt̚² jiː¹³ maːn²² jyː¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵/


方言連續體

ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩˋ ㄊㄧˇ

ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩˋ ㄊㄧˇ

фанъянь ляньсюйти

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕy⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ liːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚² tʰɐi̯³³/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕy⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ liːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚² tʰɐi̯³³/


今音

/kɐm⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

(phonology) modern pronunciation of Chinese characters

(phonology) Sui-Tang dynasty pronunciation of Chinese characters as represented by rime dictionaries such as Qieyun and Guangyun, as opposed to Zhou-Qin dynasty pronunciation as represented by Shijing rhymes and Shuowen phonetic series


古音

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

(phonology) ancient pronunciation of Chinese characters


光榮革命

ㄍㄨㄤ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

ㄍㄨㄤ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

Гуанжун гэмин

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ²¹ kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ²¹ kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/


布爾什維克化

ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

буэршивэйкэхуа

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

It is a task at once glorious and arduous. And it cannot be accomplished without a bolshevized Chinese Communist Party which is national in scale and has a broad mass character, a party fully consolidated ideologically, politically and organizationally.

1939, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命和中國共產黨》 (The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Méiyǒu yīge quánguó fànwéi de, guǎngdà qúnzhòngxìng de, sīxiǎng shàng zhèngzhì shàng zǔzhī shàng wánquán gǒnggù de, bù'ěrshíwéikèhuà de Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng, zhèyàng de rènwù shì bùnéng wánchéng de.

沒有一個全國範圍的、廣大群眾性的、思想上政治上組織上完全鞏固的、布爾什維克化的中國共產黨，這樣的任務是不能完成的。

没有一个全国范围的、广大群众性的、思想上政治上组织上完全巩固的、布尔什维克化的中国共产党，这样的任务是不能完成的。


語言聯盟

ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ

ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ

юйянь ляньмэн

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/ŋy³³⁻²¹ ŋyoŋ⁵³ l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan¹³⁻²² biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²³⁻³³ liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/ŋy³³⁻²¹ ŋyoŋ⁵³ l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan¹³⁻²² biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡiɛn²³⁻³³ liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/


北日耳曼語支

ㄅㄟˇ ㄖˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄓ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄖˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄓ

бэйжиэрманьюйчжи

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jɐt̚² jiː¹³ maːn²² jyː¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵/


國紀

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

(literary, historiography) dynastic annals


克里奧爾語

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄩˇ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄩˇ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³ ou̯³³ jiː¹³ jyː¹³/

/hɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³ ou̯³³ jiː¹³ jyː¹³/


同言線

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jiːn²¹ siːn³³/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jiːn²¹ siːn³³/


舌冠音

/ʂɤ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/


使動

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/siː³⁵ tʊŋ²²/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/siː³⁵ tʊŋ²²/


卡斯提爾

ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄧˊ ㄦˇ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄧˊ ㄦˇ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/


高化

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/


高化

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

(phonetics, of vowels) to be raised; to become higher


低化

/ti⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ti⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/


低化

/ti⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ti⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/


聲門塞音

ㄕㄥ ㄇㄣˊ ㄙㄜˋ ㄧㄣ

ㄕㄥ ㄇㄣˊ ㄙㄞ ㄧㄣ

шэнмэнь сэинь

šɛnmɛnʹ sɛinʹ

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵ sɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

шэнмэнь сайинь

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹ sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵ sɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹ sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


硬顎音

/iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ŋaːŋ²² ŋɔːk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ŋaːŋ²² ŋɔːk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/


共振峰

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sɐn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sɐn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/


同位異音

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄧˋ ㄧㄣ

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄧˋ ㄧㄣ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ in⁵⁵/


協同發音

ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄚ ㄧㄣ

ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄚ ㄧㄣ

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ fä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hiːp̚³ tʰʊŋ²¹ faːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ fä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hiːp̚³ tʰʊŋ²¹ faːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/


自由語素

ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄩˇ ㄙㄨˋ

ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄩˇ ㄙㄨˋ

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹ jyː¹³ sou̯³³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹ jyː¹³ sou̯³³/


二合字母

ㄦˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄦˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˇ

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² hɐp̚² t͡siː²² mou̯¹³/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² hɐp̚² t͡siː²² mou̯¹³/


受詞

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/sɐu̯²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/sɐu̯²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


間接格

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄍㄜˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/


直立人

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² laːp̚² jɐn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² laːp̚² jɐn²¹/

(paleontology, anthropology) Homo erectus


遁走

/tu̯ən⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/

/tu̯ən⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/

(Chinese mythology, of an immortal) to walk invisibly with the help of Wu Xing


突厥語族

ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄩˇ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄩˇ ㄗㄨˊ

туцзюэ юйцзу

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ jyː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ jyː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/


表徵

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/piːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/piːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/


表徵

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/piːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/piːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/


字態

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

(linguistics, calligraphy) character form


價值判斷

ㄐㄧㄚˋ ㄓˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄢˋ

ㄐㄧㄚˋ ㄓˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄢˋ

цзячжи паньдуань

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯än⁵¹/


單元音化

ㄉㄢ ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄉㄢ ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

даньюаньиньхуа

/tän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/

/tän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/


單元音化

ㄉㄢ ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄉㄢ ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

даньюаньиньхуа

/tän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/

/tän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/


神物

(literary, Chinese mythology, Taoism) immortal; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being


合成詞

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

(linguistics) compound word (word composed of others)


唐虞

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ y³⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ y³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Emperors Yao and Shun (legendary rulers of ancient China)

(Chinese mythology) the reign of Emperors Yao and Shun


與非

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵/


或非

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵/


無字天書

ㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨ

ㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨ

/u³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ t͡siː²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ zi³³⁻²¹ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/u³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ t͡siː²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ zi³³⁻²¹ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

(mythology) writing from a supernatural being


大舌音

/tä⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

(phonetics, colloquial) voiced alveolar trill


彈舌音

/tʰän³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/


文郎

/wən³⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ lɔːŋ²¹/

/wən³⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ lɔːŋ²¹/

Ferlus (2009) considers the second syllable to belong to the word-family *-raːŋ ("human being, person") of Southeast Asian ethnonyms.

(history) Văn Lang (the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people according to legend)


多式綜合語

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄕˋ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄩˇ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄕˋ ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄩˇ

дошицзунхэюй

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚² jyː¹³/

/tɔː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚² jyː¹³/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚² jyː¹³/

/tɔː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚² jyː¹³/


性別角色

ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙㄜˋ

ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄜˋ

синбе цзюэсэ

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

синбе цзяосэ

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/


同位音

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/


擦化

/t͡sʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ faː³³/

/t͡sʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ faː³³/

(phonology) to spirantize; to change into a fricative


擦音化

/t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/

/t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵ faː³³/


塞擦化

/sɤ⁵¹ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ faː³³/

/sɤ⁵¹ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ faː³³/

(phonology) affrication; the process of becoming an affricate consonant


塞擦化

/sɤ⁵¹ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ faː³³/

/sɤ⁵¹ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ faː³³/

(phonology) to change into an affricate consonant


元音和諧律

ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄩˋ

ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄩˋ

юаньиньхэселюй

/ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ly⁵¹/

/jyːn⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ haːi̯²¹ lɵt̚²/

/ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ly⁵¹/

/jyːn⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ haːi̯²¹ lɵt̚²/


陰陽家

/in⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

(philosophy, historical) School of Naturalists; School of Yin-yang


社會存在

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ

шэхуэй цуньцзай

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

Marx says, "It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness."

Mǎkèsī shuō: “Bùshì rénmen de yìshí juédìng rénmen de cúnzài, érshì rénmen de shèhuì cúnzài juédìng rénmen de yìshí.”

馬克思說：「不是人們的意識決定人們的存在，而是人們的社會存在決定人們的意識。」

马克思说：「不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，而是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。」

(philosophy) social existence; social being


邊擦音

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/piːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/piːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/


反映論

ㄈㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄈㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ jɪŋ³⁵ lɵn²²/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ jɪŋ³⁵ lɵn²²/

(philosophy) theory of reflection; theory of knowledge as the reflection of reality


永嘉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

(history) era name of Emperor Huai of Jin (307—313)


鯪魚

/lɛːŋ²¹ jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/liaŋ²² ᵑɡui²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hi²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hu²⁴/

/lɛːŋ²¹ jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/liaŋ²² ᵑɡui²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hi²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hu²⁴/

alt. forms: 陵魚 /陵鱼

(obsolete, mythology) legendary fish with human-like face and hands


最小對立體

ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄧˇ

ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄧˇ

цзуйсяодуйлити

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯³³ siːu̯³⁵ tɵy̯³³ laːp̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡sɵy̯³³ siːu̯³⁵ tɵy̯³³ lɐp̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡sɵy̯³³ siːu̯³⁵ tɵy̯³³ lɐp̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵/


六南

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(linguistics, colloquial) the six varieties of Chinese spoken in southern China (Gan, Hakka, Min, Wu, Xiang, Yue)


神經語言學

ㄕㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄕㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

шэньцзин юйяньсюэ

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

(linguistics) neurolinguistics (science concerned with the human brain mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of language, be it spoken, signed or written)


話題化

ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/xu̯ä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/waː²² tʰɐi̯²¹ faː³³/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/waː²² tʰɐi̯²¹ faː³³/


瓊樓玉宇

ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄌㄡˊ ㄩˋ ㄩˇ

ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄌㄡˊ ㄩˋ ㄩˇ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵ y⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚² jyː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵ y⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚² jyː¹³/

(Chinese mythology) the palace of the Moon


三合元音

ㄙㄢ ㄏㄜˊ ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ

ㄙㄢ ㄏㄜˊ ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ

саньхэ юаньинь

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɐp̚² jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɐp̚² jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


齒脣音

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


齦音

/ŋɐn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ŋɐn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


謂詞

/weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

(mathematics, logic, computer science) predicate


外延

/waɪ̯⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/


周延

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/


特稱

tʻê⁴-chʻêng¹

/tʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

existential quantifier
existential quantifier

(logic) existential; pertaining to the existential quantifier


能產性

ㄋㄥˊ ㄔㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

ㄋㄥˊ ㄔㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

/nɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/nɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰaːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/nɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/nɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰaːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³/


中年危機

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄟ ㄐㄧ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ

чжунняньвэйцзи

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵/


死語言

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/


滅絕語言

ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ

ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ

мецзюэ юйянь

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/


妄想症

ㄨㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄓㄥˋ

ㄨㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄓㄥˋ

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(psychiatry) delusional disorder; delusion


后帝

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

(archaic, Chinese mythology) Deity of Heaven; Emperor of Heaven; Celestial Ruler


姜嫄

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Jiang Yuan, consort to legendary Emperor Ku and the mother of Emperor Houji


王母娘娘

ㄨㄤˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄋㄧㄤˊ ˙ㄋㄧㄤ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄋㄧㄤˊ ˙ㄋㄧㄤ

Ванму Няннян

/wɑŋ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/wɔːŋ²¹ mou̯¹³ nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/vɒ̃¹¹ mu⁵³ niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/wɔːŋ²¹ mou̯¹³ nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/vɒ̃¹¹ mu⁵³ niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) Queen Mother of the West


不周山

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/


米諾斯

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ nɔːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ nɔːk̚² siː⁵⁵/


排中律

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɵt̚²/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɵt̚²/

law of excluded middle
law of excluded middle


矛盾律

ㄇㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄩˋ

ㄇㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄩˋ

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹/

/maːu̯²¹ tʰɵn¹³ lɵt̚²/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹/

/maːu̯²¹ tʰɵn¹³ lɵt̚²/

law of contradiction
law of contradiction

law of non-contradiction
law of non-contradiction

(logic) law of contradiction; law of non-contradiction


同一律

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐt̚⁵ lɵt̚²/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐt̚⁵ lɵt̚²/


真值表

čžɛnʹčžibjao

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚² piːu̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚² piːu̯³⁵/


性別比

ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄧˇ

ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄧˇ

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ piːt̚² pei̯³⁵/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piak̚⁴⁻² pi⁵²/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ piːt̚² pei̯³⁵/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piak̚⁴⁻² pi⁵²/


能指

/nɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


所指

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


錯譯

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/


黃種

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

(anthropology) the yellow race; mongoloid race; Far East Asian


北京猿人

ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄣˊ

Бэйцзин юаньжэнь

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐn²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐn²¹/

Homo erectus pekinensis
Homo erectus pekinensis#Translingual

(paleontology, archaeology, anthropology) Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis)


後漢書

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² hɔːn³³ syː⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² hɔːn³³ syː⁵⁵/

(history) Book of the Later Han (a book covering the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE)


內卷

/neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² kyːn³⁵/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² kyːn³⁵/

Calque of English involution, from its Latin roots. This sense was coined in Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia (1963) by Clifford Geertz, as an antonym of evolution, where Geertz observed Javanese and Balinese rice farmers failed to transit from labor-intensive farming to capital-intensive farming, but rather developing intensive competition that did not increase productivity.

(economics, social sciences, of a society or nation) to stop developing or progressing despite intense inner competition


位格

/weɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/


梵漢對音

ㄈㄢˋ ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄣ

ㄈㄢˋ ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄣ

Фаньхань дуйинь

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/faːn²² hɔːn³³ tɵy̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/faːn²² hɔːn³³ tɵy̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

(Chinese linguistics) correspondences in pronunciation regarding Sanskrit words and their Middle Chinese transcriptions


模態邏輯

ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/


道義邏輯

ㄉㄠˋ ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄉㄠˋ ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄉㄠˋ ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/


模態

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/


鵷鶵

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

There is in the south a bird, called Yuanchu — do you know it? Starting from the South Sea, it flies to the Northern; never resting but on the wutong, never eating but the fruit of the lian tree, and never drinking but from the purest springs.

Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Nánfāng yǒu niǎo, qí míng wéi yuānchú, zǐ zhī zhī hū? Fú yuānchú fā yú Nánhǎi ér fēi yú Běihǎi, fēi wútóng bùzhǐ, fēi liànshí bùshí, fēi lǐquán bùyǐn.

南方有鳥，其名為鵷鶵，子知之乎？夫鵷鶵發於南海而飛於北海，非梧桐不止，非練實不食，非醴泉不飲。

南方有鸟，其名为鹓𬸅，子知之乎？夫鹓𬸅发于南海而飞于北海，非梧桐不止，非练实不食，非醴泉不饮。

(Chinese mythology) name of a legendary bird traditionally interpreted as a kind of Chinese phoenix


漢文訓讀

ㄏㄢˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨˊ

ㄏㄢˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨˊ

ханьвэнь сюньду

/xän⁵¹ wən³⁵ ɕyn⁵¹ tu³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ mɐn²¹ fɐn³³ tʊk̚²/

/xän⁵¹ wən³⁵ ɕyn⁵¹ tu³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ mɐn²¹ fɐn³³ tʊk̚²/

(linguistics) reading Literary Chinese text in the vernacular language by literal translation (mainly practiced in Japan, where it is called kanbun kundoku)


天照大神

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄣˊ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄣˊ

Тяньчжао Дашэнь

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ ʂən³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ ʂən³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 天(あま)照(てらす)大(おお)神(かみ) (Amaterasu Ōkami).

ja-r

^あま%てらす %^おお%かみ

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Amaterasu, the Japanese sun goddess


淨界

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Calque of French purgatoire or Italian purgatorio, first used by Wang Weike (王維克) in his translation of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy based on French and Italian texts [1948].

(religion, mythology, chiefly literary or poetic) purgatory

Dante Alighieri
Divine Comedy
Wang Weike
zh:王維克


逆向歧視

ㄋㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕˋ

ㄋㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕˋ

/ni⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² hœːŋ³³ kʰei̯²¹ siː²²/

/ni⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² hœːŋ³³ kʰei̯²¹ siː²²/

reverse discrimination
reverse discrimination

(law, ethics, public policy) reverse discrimination


一階邏輯

ㄧ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄧ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄧ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/


數理邏輯

ㄕㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄕㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄕㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

/ʂu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ʂu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/sou̯³³ lei̯¹³ lɔː²¹ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/ʂu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ʂu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/sou̯³³ lei̯¹³ lɔː²¹ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/


符號邏輯

ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

/fu³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/fu³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/fu³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/fu³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/


玉門甘肅鳥

ㄩˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄢ ㄙㄨˋ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

ㄩˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄢ ㄙㄨˋ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

Юймэнь ганьсуняо

/y⁵¹ mən³⁵ kän⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ mən³⁵ kän⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


聖賢孔子鳥

ㄕㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

шэнсянь кунцзыняо

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ jiːn²¹ hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ niːu̯¹³/

/sɪŋ³³ jiːn²¹ hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ niːu̯¹³/


迦樓羅

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

Possibly from Pali garuḷa, from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa). The Sanskrit ṭ ~ ḍ > ḷ > l reflexes were productive in both Middle Indic languages and early Chinese Buddhist lexicon. (Ji, 1998v4)

(Buddhism, mythology) garuda (mythological winged being)


猦𤝕

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) an ape-like creature that is resurrected by the wind after death


發語詞

/fä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/fä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

(grammar) sentence-initial particle (function word that indicates the start of an expression, chiefly in Classical Chinese)


心智理論

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

синьчжи лилунь

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/


開商

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/


十二次

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

(Chinese astronomy, astrology) the twelve zones of the sky (astrologically associated with lands of China)


第三國際

ㄉㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ

Дисань Гоцзи

/ti⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tɐi̯²² saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/ti⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tɐi̯²² saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

(communism, historical) Third International; Comintern


鸛鷒

/ku̯än⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) a kind of bird that could launch arrows back at archers


長者智人

ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄓˋ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄓˋ ㄖㄣˊ

чжанчжэ чжижэнь

čžančžɛ čžižɛnʹ

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

Homo sapiens idaltu
Homo sapiens idaltu#Translingual

(paleontology, anthropology) Homo sapiens idaltu


潘多拉

/pʰän⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/pʰuːn⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/pʰän⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/pʰuːn⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πανδώρα (Pandṓra).


模糊邏輯

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄐㄧ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/mou̯²¹ wuː²¹ lɔː²¹ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/

/mou̯²¹ wuː²¹ lɔː²¹ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/


連讀變調

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄧㄠˊ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄧㄠˊ

ляньду бяньтяо

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tu³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/liːn²¹ tʊk̚² piːn³³ tiːu̯²²/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tu³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/liːn²¹ tʊk̚² piːn³³ tiːu̯²²/


以影補來

ㄧˇ ㄧㄥˇ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄞˊ

ㄧˇ ㄧㄥˇ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄞˊ

/i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/jiː¹³ jɪŋ³⁵ pou̯³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/jiː¹³ jɪŋ³⁵ pou̯³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

(phonology) The phenomenon in Middle Korean (in the book Dongguk Jeongun) where the hangul consonant cluster ㅭ (lq) /*-lʔ/ was used to represent the Middle Chinese final consonant /*-t/, alongside ㅂ (p) /*-p/ (MC: /*-p/) and ㄱ (k) /*-k/ (MC: /*-k/).


性善

/ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ siːn²²/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ siːn²²/

Mencius said that human nature is good; when speaking he always made laudatory reference to Yao and Shun.

Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Mèngzǐ dào xìngshàn, yán bì chēng Yáoshùn.

孟子道性善，言必稱堯舜。

孟子道性善，言必称尧舜。

(philosophy) good human nature; the theory that people are good by nature


性惡

/ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹/

In every case where people desire to become good, it is because their nature is bad.

Fán rén zhī yù wéishàn zhě, wèi xìng'è yě.

凡人之欲為善者，為性惡也。

凡人之欲为善者，为性恶也。

(philosophy) bad human nature; the theory that people are bad by nature


酒神

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ sɐn²¹/


形而下

ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

Therefore what is above form [metaphysical] is called the Way; what is within form [concrete] is called implements.

Shìgù, xíng ér shàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng ér xià zhě wèi zhī qì.

是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。

是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。

(philosophy) physical or material things


不定式

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ tɪŋ²² sɪk̚⁵/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ tɪŋ²² sɪk̚⁵/


善念

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/


尼安德特人

ㄋㄧˊ ㄢ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄢ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ

нианьдэтэжэнь

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tɐk̚² jɐn²¹/

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tɐk̚² jɐn²¹/

Homo neanderthalensis
Homo neanderthalensis#Translingual

(Mainland China, paleontology, anthropology) Neanderthal; Homo neanderthalensis


尼安德塔人

ㄋㄧˊ ㄢ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄢ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

нианьдэтажэнь

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tʰaːp̚³ jɐn²¹/

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tʰaːp̚³ jɐn²¹/

(Hong Kong, Taiwan, paleontology, anthropology) Neanderthal; Homo neanderthalensis


尼人

/ni³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ni³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

Short for 尼安德特人 (ní'āndétèrén) or 尼安德塔人 (ní'āndétǎrén).

zh-l

尼安德特人 (ní'āndétèrén)

尼安德塔人 (ní'āndétǎrén)

Presently, most paleontologists have abandoned the viewpoint that Neanderthals are one of the transitional stages of evolution from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens.

2014, 吴相钰 (Wu Xiangyu); 陈守良 (Chen Shouliang); 葛明德 (Ge Mingde), chief editors, 《陈阅增普通生物学》 [Chen Yuezeng General Biology], 4th edition, Beijing: Higher Education Press, →ISBN , page 448

Xiànzài duōshù gǔshēngwùxuéjiā fàngqì le nírén shì zhílìrén xiàng zhìrén jìnhuà de yīge guòdù jiēduàn de guāndiǎn.

現在多數古生物學家放棄了尼人是直立人向智人進化的一個過渡階段的觀點。

现在多数古生物学家放弃了尼人是直立人向智人进化的一个过渡阶段的观点。

(paleontology, anthropology) Neanderthal; Homo neanderthalensis


風狸

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ li³⁵/


至善

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/t͡ʃi¹¹ ʃan³³/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ siɛn²²/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛn⁴¹/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ siɛn²²/

/t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛn³³/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛn³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/t͡ʃi¹¹ ʃan³³/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ siɛn²²/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛn⁴¹/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ siɛn²²/

/t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛn³³/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛn³³/


意象主義

ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/


釋奠

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

Traditionally glossed (e.g. by Zheng Xuan) as 釋菜奠幣 (to make a ritually clean offering of vegetables and ceremoniously lay the treasures of silk), it was specified in the Book of Rites as part of a ritual honouring the 先師, ancient instructors (of war).
:
The association of the school and education with war was once common in proto-feudal China (see Yang, 1965). The term was later used chiefly in the Confucian context as a ceremony honouring Confucius and other sages, without the warlike association.

When the forces return, (they make) the offerings of vegetables and silk at the school (to the ancient instructors of war), and announce (the news of victory) by presenting the captives and the severed ears of the slain.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

反，釋奠于學，以訊馘告。

反，释奠于学，以讯馘告。

(history) ritual offering honouring ancient instructors


教育社會學

ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

цзяоюй шэхуэйсюэ

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

(education, sociology) sociology of education


法律社會學

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

фалюй шэхуэйсюэ

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/


經濟社會學

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

цзинцзи шэхуэйсюэ

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

(economics, sociology) economic sociology


政治社會學

ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

чжэнчжи шэхуэйсюэ

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

(politics, sociology) political sociology


結構主義

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄡˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄡˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ koʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kiːt̚³ kʰɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ koʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kiːt̚³ kʰɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

(biology, linguistics, psychology, mathematics) structuralism


涅墨西斯

ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ ㄙ

ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ ㄙ

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


文化挪用

ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄋㄨㄛˊ ㄩㄥˋ

ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄋㄨㄛˊ ㄩㄥˋ

вэньхуа ноюн

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ nu̯ɔ³⁵ jʊŋ⁵¹/

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ nu̯ɔ³⁵ jʊŋ⁵¹/

cultural appropriation
cultural appropriation


蛇精

/ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛː²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛː²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/


倒置法

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


失代償

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/


認知行為治療

ㄖㄣˋ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ

ㄖㄣˋ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ

жэньчжи синвэй чжиляо

/ʐən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy

(psychology) cognitive behavioral therapy


生活型態

ㄕㄥ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄕㄥ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

шэнхо синтай

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/


借指

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɛː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɛː³³ t͡siː³⁵/


化骨龍

/faː³³ kʷɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/faː³³ kʷɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(Cantonese, mythology) a mythological creature that resembles a snakehead (Channidae) but has four legs, allegedly able to cause one's bones to dissolve if one were to eat it (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c)


恐怖谷

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ pou̯³³ kʊk̚⁵/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ pou̯³³ kʊk̚⁵/

Literally, “horrifying valley”. Calque of Japanese 不気味の谷 (bukimi no tani).


同儕壓力

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄞˊ ㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄞˊ ㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ aːt̚³ lɪk̚²/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ aːt̚³ lɪk̚²/


譯入語

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(linguistics, translation studies) translated language; target language


瞌睡蟲

ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄨㄥˊ

ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄨㄥˊ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄨㄥˊㄦ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃ɻ³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃ɻ³⁵/

(literary in old novels, Chinese mythology) bug that makes people fall asleep


譯界

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(translation studies) the world of translation; translation circles; translation industry


舌脣音

/ʂɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/siːt̚² sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/siːt̚² sɵn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


邊旁

/pi⁵⁵ bɑ̃²¹/

/pi⁵⁵ pɑ̃²¹/

/pie⁵⁵ bɑ̃⁵⁵/

/piẽ̞³³ bɑŋ³⁴/

/pi³³ bɔ̃⁵¹/

/piã³³ bɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pi⁵⁵ bɑ̃²¹/

/pi⁵⁵ pɑ̃²¹/

/pie⁵⁵ bɑ̃⁵⁵/

/piẽ̞³³ bɑŋ³⁴/

/pi³³ bɔ̃⁵¹/

/piã³³ bɑŋ⁵⁵/

(Wu, Chinese linguistics) component (of a Chinese character)


退行

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɵy̯³³ hɐŋ²¹/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɵy̯³³ hɐŋ²¹/

(medicine, psychology, etc.) to regress; to retrogress; to retrograde; to degenerate


插音

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/


實然

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐän³⁵/


應然

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

(philosophy, logic) normative; prescriptive


優選理論

ㄧㄡ ㄒㄩㄢˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄧㄡ ㄒㄩㄢˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

юсюань лилунь

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ syːn³⁵ lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ syːn³⁵ lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/


優選論

ㄧㄡ ㄒㄩㄢˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄧㄡ ㄒㄩㄢˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ syːn³⁵ lɵn²²/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ syːn³⁵ lɵn²²/


神經心理學

ㄕㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄕㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

шэньцзин синьлисюэ

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/


柯因內化

ㄎㄜ ㄧㄣ ㄋㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄎㄜ ㄧㄣ ㄋㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

2013, 杨文波 (Yang Wenbo), 《江西上饶铁路话调查研究》 (PhD), Shanghai: Fudan University, page 153

Bùguò ruò yǐ dàibié lái jì, Shàngráo tiělùhuà de kēyīnnèihuà zé gèngwéi xùnsù.

不過若以代別來計，上饒鐵路話的柯因內化則更為迅速。

不过若以代别来计，上饶铁路话的柯因内化则更为迅速。

(linguistics) to koineize (to perform koineization)