皇帝

Sino-Xenic (皇帝):
* → Japanese: 皇(こう)帝(てい) (kōtei)
* → Korean: 황제(皇帝) (hwangje)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng đế (皇帝)

→ Amis: hongti (via Hokkien)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠢ (quwangdi), ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠢ (quwangdai) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠢ (quwangdi)

Cyrillic script: хуанди (xuandi)

→ Buryat: хуандии (xuandii)

→ Khitan: 皇帝 (via Middle Chinese)

→ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ (hūwangdi) (via Mandarin)

→ Sakizaya: hungti (via Hokkien)

→ Thai: ฮ่องเต้ (hɔ̂ng-dtêe) (via Hokkien)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/vɔŋ²² ai³³/

/foŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/huoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/hɒŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɒŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/vɔŋ²² ai³³/

/foŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/huoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/hɒŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɒŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

Qin Shi Huang
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

After a series of conquests ending in 221 BCE, created as a title for King Zheng of Qin, who was styled Qin Shi Huangdi (literally “the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty”). The two component characters were originally the titles of the mythological rulers or deities known as the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝 (Sānhuáng Wǔdì)).


大帝

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tɐi̯³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/tua³³⁻²¹ te²¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tɐi̯³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/tua³³⁻²¹ te²¹/

紫微大帝

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) a title of some Taoist deities

Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism


濁音

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (濁音):
* → Japanese: 濁音(だくおん) (dakuon)
* → Korean: 탁음(濁音) (tageum)
* → Vietnamese: trọc âm (濁音)

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/


發明

Sino-Xenic (發明):
* → Japanese: 発明(はつめい) (hatsumei)
* → Korean: 발명(發明) (balmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: phát minh (發明)

/fä⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ mɪŋ²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/

/huaʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ miŋ¹³/

/huoʔ²⁻⁴ miŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ¹³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²³/

/fä⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ mɪŋ²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/

/huaʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ miŋ¹³/

/huoʔ²⁻⁴ miŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ¹³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²³/

See also: 鷦明, 鷫鷞, 幽昌

(mythology) a kind of legendary bird from the east


前提

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰe²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ tʰe²³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² tʰe¹³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ te²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ te²³/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰe²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ tʰe²³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² tʰe¹³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ te²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ te²³/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/


同志

Sino-Xenic (同志):
* → Japanese: 同(どう)志(し) (dōshi)
* → Korean: 동지(同志) (dongji)
* → Vietnamese: đồng chí (同志)

→ Zhuang: dungzci

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³³/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²¹/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩ʷ³³/

/doŋ²³ t͡sz̩ʷ¹¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³³/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²¹/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩ʷ³³/

/doŋ²³ t͡sz̩ʷ¹¹/

Sense 2 was first appropriated by Sun Yat-sen in the early 20th century to describe his supporters, and later used by the Chinese Communist Party as an address for anyone.
Sense 4 was coined by the Hong Kong writer Mai Ke (迈克) in the 1980s. He explained that his use of this term for gay people to represent solidarity. Popularised since 1989 by the activist Edward Lam as part of the Chinese name for the Hong Kong Lesbian & Gay Film Festival (香港同志影展).

領導同志

领导同志

列寧同志

列宁同志

Hello, comrade. Could you please tell me how to get to the People's Square?

Tóngzhì, qǐngwèn qù Rénmín Guǎngchǎng zěnme zǒu?

同志，請問去人民廣場怎麼走？

同志，请问去人民广场怎么走？

Those of us who grew up with traditional Chinese characters will not hesitate to say that 言 (yán) is orthodox and that 讠 (yán) is a variant. But those comrades who grew up with simplified Chinese characters may not necessarily agree.

1962, Lü Shuxiang, 《关于“语言单位的同一性”等等》 [The Identity of Linguistic Units and Related Matters], in 《中国语文》, →ISSN

我們這些繁體字出身的人會不假思索地說「言」是常體，「讠」是變體。但是簡體字出身的同志未必會同意。

我们这些繁体字出身的人会不假思索地说「言」是常体，「讠」是变体。但是简体字出身的同志未必会同意。

Comrade Wang Hongjun of the Linguistics Teaching and Research Section compiled the Putonghua alphabetical index.

1995, 北京大学中文语言文学系语言学教研室, 《汉语方言词汇》, 2nd edition, 前言 (written in 1988)

Yǔyánxué Jiàoyánshì Wáng Hóngjūn tóngzhì biānzhì le pǔtōnghuà yīnxù suǒyǐn.

語言學教研室王洪君同志編制了普通話音序索引。

语言学教研室王洪君同志编制了普通话音序索引。

Sure enough, from then on, comrades in other working groups did not panic as before when they encounter enemies without notice.

Guǒrán, cóngcǐ yǐhòu, qítā gōngzuòzǔ de tóngzhì zài yǔ dírén tūrán zāoyù shí jiù bùzài xiàng guòqù nàyàng jīnghuāngshīcuò le.

果然，從此以後，其他工作組的同志在與敵人突然遭遇時就不再像過去那樣驚慌失措了。

果然，从此以后，其他工作组的同志在与敌人突然遭遇时就不再像过去那样惊慌失措了。

(communism) comrade (Classifier: 個／个; 位; 名)


天狗

Sino-Xenic (天狗):
* → Japanese: 天狗(てんぐ) (tengu)
* → Korean: 천구(天狗) (cheon'gu)
* → Vietnamese: thiên cẩu (天狗)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁴¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁴¹/

(Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) tengu


與格

Sino-Xenic (與格):
* → Japanese: 与(よ)格(かく) (yokaku)
* → Korean: 여격(與格) (yeogyeok)

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/


矛盾

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːu̯²¹ tʰɵn¹³/

/mau⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ³³/

/bau²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/

/mãu¹³⁻²² tun⁵³/

/mãu²⁴⁻²² tun⁵³/

/mau²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/

/mãu²⁴⁻¹¹ tun⁵³/

/mãu²³⁻³³ tun⁴¹/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tun⁵³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/

/mɔ²² dən⁴⁴/

/mɤ²² dən⁴⁴/

/møy²³ dən¹¹/

/mæ²³ dən¹¹/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːu̯²¹ tʰɵn¹³/

/mau⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ³³/

/bau²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/

/mãu¹³⁻²² tun⁵³/

/mãu²⁴⁻²² tun⁵³/

/mau²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/

/mãu²⁴⁻¹¹ tun⁵³/

/mãu²³⁻³³ tun⁴¹/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tun⁵³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/

/mɔ²² dən⁴⁴/

/mɤ²² dən⁴⁴/

/møy²³ dən¹¹/

/mæ²³ dən¹¹/

From a tale in Han Feizi first attested in c. 2nd century BCE.

There was once a man in the state of Chu, who was selling shields and lances. He was praising them saying: “My shields are so firm, that there is nothing that can pierce them.” He praised his lances saying: “My lances are so sharp, that there is nothing that they cannot pierce.” Someone asked: “What if you used your lances to pierce your shields?” The man could not answer. A shield that cannot be pierced and a lance that can pierce everything cannot exist in the same world.

Chǔ rén yǒu yù dùn yǔ máo zhě, yù zhī yuē: “Wú dùn zhī jiān, wù mò néng xiàn zhī.” Yǐ yù qí máo yuē: “Wú máo zhī lì, yú wù wú bù xiàn yě.” Huò yuē: “Yǐ zǐ zhī máo xiàn zǐ zhī dùn, hérú?” Qí rén fú néng yìng yě. Fú bùkě xiàn zhī dùn yǔ wú bù xiàn zhī máo, bùkě tóng shì ér lì.

楚人有鬻盾與矛者，譽之曰：「吾盾之堅，物莫能陷之。」以譽其矛曰：「吾矛之利，於物無不陷也。」或曰：「以子之矛陷子之盾，何如？」其人弗能應也。夫不可陷之盾與無不陷之矛，不可同世而立。

楚人有鬻盾与矛者，誉之曰：「吾盾之坚，物莫能陷之。」以誉其矛曰：「吾矛之利，于物无不陷也。」或曰：「以子之矛陷子之盾，何如？」其人弗能应也。夫不可陷之盾与无不陷之矛，不可同世而立。


精靈

ja-r

精霊(しょうりょう) (shōryō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (精靈):
* → Japanese: 精霊(せいれい) (seirei); 精霊(しょうりょう) (shōryō)
* → Korean: 정령(精靈) (jeongnyeong)
* → Vietnamese: tinh linh (精靈)

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ³³ liɪŋ²⁴/


天公

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ koŋ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ koŋ³³/

(literary, Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the Jade Emperor


感嘆詞

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ tʰaːn³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ tʰaːn³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/


音韻論

/in⁵⁵ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐn²² lɵn²²/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐn¹³ lɵn²²/

/in⁵⁵ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐn²² lɵn²²/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐn¹³ lɵn²²/

(linguistics, rare) phonology (subfield of linguistics)


韻母

/yn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/yn⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/un²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/un³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/yn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/yn⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/un²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/un³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/


介音

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/kai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ im³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/kai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ im³³/


韻尾

/yn⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/yn⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


必然

/pi⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/piʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sɛŋ¹³/

/piʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sɛŋ²⁴/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ziɛn²³/

/pi⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/piʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sɛŋ¹³/

/piʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sɛŋ²⁴/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ziɛn²³/


白板

→ Japanese: 白板(パイパン) (paipan)

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


皇后

ja-r

皇后(こうごう) (kōgō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (皇后):
* → Japanese: 皇后(こうごう) (kōgō)
* → Korean: 황후(皇后) (hwanghu)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng hậu (皇后)

→ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ (hūwangheo)

→ Thai: ฮองเฮา (hɔng-hao)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/vɔŋ²² heu³²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/vɔŋ²² heu³²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/


龍馬

/lʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

(Chinese mythology) longma (mythological creature with a dragon's head and a horse's body)


九重

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

(archaic, Chinese mythology) the ninth and highest layer of heaven


縮寫

/su̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊk̚⁵ sɛː³⁵/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sia⁵⁵⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sia⁵³/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ sia⁵³/

/su̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊk̚⁵ sɛː³⁵/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sia⁵⁵⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sia⁵³/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ sia⁵³/

(linguistics) abbreviation (shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase)

(linguistics) contraction (process whereby one or more sounds of a word are lost or reduced)

(linguistics) contraction (word with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe); contracted form


陽性

/jɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ²¹³/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ²¹³/


中道

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ dɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ dɔ²¹/

(philosophy) the doctrine of the golden mean


合法

ja-r

合法(ごうほう) (gōhō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (合法):
* → Japanese: 合法(ごうほう) (gōhō)
* → Korean: 합법(合法) (hapbeop)
* → Vietnamese: hợp pháp (合法)

/xɤ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ huat̚³²/

/xɤ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ huat̚³²/


恆河沙

Sino-Xenic (恆河沙):
* → Japanese: 恒(ごう)河(が)沙(しゃ) (gōgasha)
* → Korean: 항하사(恒河沙) (hanghasa)
* → Vietnamese: hằng hà sa (恒河沙)

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was re-imported from the Japanese usage which first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

calque

गंगानदी वालुका

650-661, Bhagavaddharma, transl., Sūtra of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Dhāraṇī (千手千眼觀世音菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經):

If there is who slanders this mantra, that is to slander those 9.9 billion times the number of the Ganges river sand, of buddhas.

Ruò yǒu bàng cǐ zhòu zhě, jí wèi bàng bǐ jiǔshíjiǔyì hénghéshā zhūfó.

若有謗此咒者，即為謗彼九十九億恆河沙諸佛。

若有谤此咒者，即为谤彼九十九亿恒河沙诸佛。

(etymology, Buddhism) countless number like the total of the grains of sand on the Ganges


情結

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kiːt̚³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kat̚⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kat̚³²/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kat̚³²/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kiːt̚³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kat̚⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kat̚³²/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kat̚³²/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kat̚³²/

(psychology) complex (core pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes in the personal unconscious)


認同

/ʐən⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/ŋin⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/lim³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/zim³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/d͡zim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/d͡ziŋ¹¹ taŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/ŋin⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/lim³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/zim³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/d͡zim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/d͡ziŋ¹¹ taŋ⁵⁵/

(psychology, sociology) identification; identity


省略

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (省略):
* → Japanese: 省略(しょうりゃく) (shōryaku)
* → Korean: 생략(省略) (saengnyak)

/ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/saːŋ³⁵ lœːk̚²/

/siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liak̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liak̚⁴/

/sɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liak̚¹²¹/

/sẽ⁵²⁻³⁵ liak̚⁴/

/ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/saːŋ³⁵ lœːk̚²/

/siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liak̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liak̚⁴/

/sɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liak̚¹²¹/

/sẽ⁵²⁻³⁵ liak̚⁴/


八仙

Sino-Xenic (八仙):
* → Japanese: 八仙(はっせん) (hassen)
* → Korean: 팔선(八仙) (palseon)
* → Vietnamese: Bát Tiên (八仙)

→ Thai: โป๊ยเซียน (bpóoi-siian)

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sieŋ⁵⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/

/paʔ²⁻⁴ ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɛn³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sieŋ⁵⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/

/paʔ²⁻⁴ ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɛn³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/


變體

Sino-Xenic (變體):
* → Japanese: 変体(へんたい) (hentai)
* → Korean: 변체(變體) (byeonche)

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piːn³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piːn³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹/

(linguistics) variant (of a character or word)


結論

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴² lɔŋ¹¹/

/kɛʔ²⁻⁴ luoŋ²¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lun³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lun³³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ luŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴² lɔŋ¹¹/

/kɛʔ²⁻⁴ luoŋ²¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lun³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lun³³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ luŋ³⁵/


有機

Sino-Xenic (有機):
* → Japanese: 有機(ゆうき) (yūki)
* → Korean: 유기(有機) (yugi)
* → Vietnamese: hữu cơ (有機)

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki³³/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki³³/

(attributive, sociology) organic (describing a form of social solidarity)


性別

Sino-Xenic (性別):
* → Japanese: 性別(せいべつ) (seibetsu)
* → Korean: 성별(性別) (seongbyeol)

→ Bouyei: xinqbief

→ Zhuang: singqbied, singbez

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/ɕin⁵³ pʰiɛt̚⁵/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miɛʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛt̚²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piek̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piak̚⁴/

/ɕin³³ biɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/ɕin⁵³ pʰiɛt̚⁵/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miɛʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛt̚²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piek̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piak̚⁴/

/ɕin³³ biɪʔ⁴⁴/


方言

Sino-Xenic (方言):
* → Japanese: 方言(ほうげん) (hōgen)
* → Korean: 방언(方言) (bang'eon)
* → Vietnamese: phương ngôn (方言)

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/

Tianjin dialect (a dialect of Mandarin Chinese)

天津方言

廣州方言

广州方言

方言詞彙

方言词汇

德語方言

德语方言

Collection and Explanation of Regional Tongues (Korean Joseon-era compilation of Chinese, Korean, Mongolian, Manchu, and Japanese)

《方言集釋》

《方言集释》

(linguistics) dialect; topolect; regional language variety


小康

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiau³¹ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔŋ³³/

/siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiau³¹ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔŋ³³/

/siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

From the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》):
:
Alternatively, from the Classic of Poetry, Poem 253 《詩經•大雅•民勞》

[…] Any rulers who did not follow this course were driven away by those who possessed power and position, and all regarded them as pests. This is the period of what we call Small Tranquillity.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

...... Rú yǒu bù yóu cǐ zhě, zài shì zhě qù, zhòng yǐ wéi yāng, shì wèi xiǎokāng.

……如有不由此者，在埶者去，衆以為殃，是謂小康。

……如有不由此者，在埶者去，众以为殃，是谓小康。

The people indeed are heavily burdened,
But perhaps a little ease may be got for them.
Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,
To secure the repose of the four quarters of it.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Mín yì láo zhǐ, qì kě xiǎokāng. Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.

民亦勞止，汔可小康。惠此中國，以綏四方。

民亦劳止，汔可小康。惠此中国，以绥四方。

(Chinese philosophy) Confucian near-ideal state of society; period of peace and prosperity


隱士

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐn³⁵ siː²²/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/un⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su⁴¹/

/un⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su⁴¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/un⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/un⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/un⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐn³⁵ siː²²/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/un⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su⁴¹/

/un⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su⁴¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/un⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/un⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/un⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/


鳳凰

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

Miyake (2015) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *N-prəm-s ɢʷˁɑŋ and proposes, though with uncertainty, that the mythical bird's name is the affixed form of 風皇 (“wind sovereign”).

鳳皇鳴矣，於彼高岡。

凤皇鸣矣，于彼高冈。

(Chinese mythology) fenghuang; the "Chinese phoenix" (Classifier: 隻／只 m)


力量

Sino-Xenic (力量):
* → Japanese: 力(りき)量(りょう) (rikiryō)
* → Korean: 역량(力量) (yeongnyang)
* → Vietnamese: lực lượng (力量)

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/

/li²⁴ liɑŋ²⁴/

/lɪk̚² lœːŋ²²/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/

/liʔ⁴⁻⁴² lyɒŋ¹¹/

/liʔ⁴ lyøŋ²¹/

/liɪk̚⁵⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ³³/

/liak̚²⁴⁻² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liaŋ²²/

/lat̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²²/

/lat̚²⁴⁻² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/

/li²⁴ liɑŋ²⁴/

/lɪk̚² lœːŋ²²/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/

/liʔ⁴⁻⁴² lyɒŋ¹¹/

/liʔ⁴ lyøŋ²¹/

/liɪk̚⁵⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ³³/

/liak̚²⁴⁻² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liaŋ²²/

/lat̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²²/

/lat̚²⁴⁻² liɔŋ⁴¹/


廣陵

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

Established as a dowry town under Chu in 319 BC, renaming a district and settlement conquered from Yue.

(history) (～郡, formerly ～國) Guangling (a former commandery of imperial China that existed between 121 BCE and 583 CE, corresponding to the modern-day prefecture-level city of Yangzhou)

(history) (～縣) Guangling (a settlement established by King Huai of Chu in 319 BCE, and a former county of imperial China that existed between the Qin dynasty and 598 CE, corresponding to modern-day Yangzhou)


配列

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹/


清音

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


妖怪

Sino-Xenic (妖怪):
* → Japanese: 妖怪(ようかい) (yōkai)
* → Korean: 요괴(妖怪) (yogoe)
* → Vietnamese: yêu quái (妖怪)

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ g̊u̯aɪ̯²/

/iɔː²⁴ kuɛ⁴⁴/

/jiːu̯³⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/

/jiːu̯⁵⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/

/i̯eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯ai̯⁵⁵/

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ g̊u̯aɪ̯²/

/iɔː²⁴ kuɛ⁴⁴/

/jiːu̯³⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/

/jiːu̯⁵⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/

/i̯eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯ai̯⁵⁵/

(usually in Chinese mythology) supernatural being; monster; devil; goblin


自在

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² t͡sɔːi̯²²/

/ti³² tᵘɔi³²/

/ti³² tᵘɔi³²⁻³²⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sai²²/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai²²/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² t͡sɔːi̯²²/

/ti³² tᵘɔi³²/

/ti³² tᵘɔi³²⁻³²⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sai²²/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai²²/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ d͡z̥aɪ̯¹/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai⁴¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ d͡z̥aɪ̯¹/

/t͡siː²² t͡sɔːi̯²²/

/ti³² tᵘɔi³²/

/ti³² tᵘɔi³²⁻³²⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sai²²/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai⁴¹/

(philosophy, existentialism, phenomenology) in-itself


兒化音

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ faː³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ faː³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) erhua; erization (the r-coloring or addition of the 兒 sound (/ɻ/, /n/, /ŋ/) to syllables to form diminutives)


兒化韻

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ faː³³ wɐn²²/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ faː³³ wɐn²²/


黃帝

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/uĩ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/uĩ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) the Yellow Emperor (legendary Chinese sovereign)


古人

Sino-Xenic (古人):
* → Japanese: 古(こ)人(じん) (kojin)
* → Korean: 고인(古人) (goin)

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/


句法

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯³³ faːt̚³/

/ku¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/ku²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯³³ faːt̚³/

/ku¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/ku²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/


審判

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän⁵¹/

/sɐm³⁵ pʰuːn³³/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ pʰan³³/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pʰuaŋ⁴²/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻²¹ pʰuoŋ⁴²/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã²¹/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰuã⁴¹/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã²¹/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã¹¹/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã²¹/

/sim⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰuaŋ²¹³/

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän⁵¹/

/sɐm³⁵ pʰuːn³³/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ pʰan³³/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pʰuaŋ⁴²/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻²¹ pʰuoŋ⁴²/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã²¹/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰuã⁴¹/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã²¹/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã¹¹/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰuã²¹/

/sim⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰuaŋ²¹³/


龍王

ja-r

竜王(りゅうおう) (ryūō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍王):
* → Japanese: 竜王(りゅうおう) (ryūō)
* → Korean: 룡왕(龍王) (ryong'wang), 용왕(龍王) (yong'wang)
* → Vietnamese: long vương (龍王)

/lʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

* (Ryūō): Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 竜王町.

obor

(Chinese mythology) Dragon King (the god of water and weather)


質樸

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰu³⁵/

/t͡sɐt̚⁵ pʰɔːk̚³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ pʰɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰu³⁵/

/t͡sɐt̚⁵ pʰɔːk̚³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ pʰɔk̚³²/

(of style, language, personality, etc.) simple; plain


質變

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ piɛn²¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ piɛn²¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ piɛn¹¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ piɛn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ piɛn²¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ piɛn²¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ piɛn¹¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ piɛn²¹/

(philosophy) to undergo qualitative change; to undergo fundamental change


共性

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ²² sɪŋ³³/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ²² sɪŋ³³/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/


肅清

→ English: Sook Ching

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/sok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰeŋ³³/

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/sok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰeŋ³³/

(history) Sook Ching (a systematic purge of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of Singapore and Malaya from 18 February to 4 March 1942)


推理

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/t͡sʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/t͡sʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

法律推理


分期

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

(historiography) to periodize; to create a chronology


命題

/miŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/mɪŋ²² tʰɐi̯²¹/

/biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tue²⁴/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tue²⁴/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tue²⁴/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ te¹³/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ te²³/

/miŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/mɪŋ²² tʰɐi̯²¹/

/biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tue²⁴/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tue²⁴/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tue²⁴/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ te¹³/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ te²³/


天秤座

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄔㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/


統戰

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡siːn³³/

/tʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡siːn³³/

/tʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

統一戰線 統一戰線#Chinese

统一战线 统一战线#Chinese

(communism) short for 統一戰線／统一战线 (tǒngyī zhànxiàn, “united front”)


統一戰線

ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄓㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄓㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

тунъи чжаньсянь

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡siːn³³ siːn³³/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡siːn³³ siːn³³/

In order to win, [the Chinese proletariat] must unite, according to varying circumstances, with all classes and strata that can take part in the revolution, and must organize a revolutionary united front.

1939, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命和中國共產黨》 (The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Ér yào shènglì, tāmen jiù bìxū zài gèzhǒng bùtóng de qíngxíng xià tuánjié yīqiè kěnéng de gémìng de jiējí hé jiēcéng, zǔzhī gémìng de tǒngyī zhànxiàn.

而要勝利，他們就必須在各種不同的情形下團結一切可能的革命的階級和階層，組織革命的統一戰線。

而要胜利，他们就必须在各种不同的情形下团结一切可能的革命的阶级和阶层，组织革命的统一战线。


同化

異化

antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (同化):
* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)
* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)
* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/

/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/

/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/


新人

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

Homo sapiens sapiens
Homo sapiens sapiens#Translingual


清濁

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

(phonetics) voicing; voiceless and voiced sounds


平上去入

ja-r

平上去入(ひょうじょうきょにゅう) (hyōjōkyonyū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (平上去入):
* → Japanese: 平上去入(ひょうじょうきょにゅう) (hyōjōkyonyū)

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄤˇ ㄑㄩˋ ㄖㄨˋ

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄑㄩˋ ㄖㄨˋ

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ¹³ hɵy̯³³ jɐp̚²/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ¹³ hɵy̯³³ jɐp̚²/

(Chinese phonetics) the four tones of Middle Chinese: level, rising, departing and checked


夸父

/kʰu̯ä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʰu̯ä⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰu̯ä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʰu̯ä⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) Kua Fu (giant who wished to capture the Sun)


高平

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/


陳朝

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/tiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/tiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

(Chinese history) the Chen dynasty (557-589), one of the southern dynasties of China


將星

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


意識形態

ㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄧˋ ㄕˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

德意志意識形態

德意志意识形态

If in all ideology men and their relations appear upside-down as in a camera obscura, this phenomenon arises just as much from their historical life-process as the inversion of objects on the retina does from their physical life-process.

1845-1846, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, 《德意志意識形態》

Rúguǒ zài quánbù yìshí xíngtài zhōng, rénmen hé tāmen de guānxì jiùxiàng zài zhàoxiàngjī zhōng yīyàng shì dǎolì chéng xiàng de, nàme zhè zhǒng xiànxiàng yěshì cóng rénmen shēnghuó de lìshǐ guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng de, zhèngrú wùtǐ zài shìwǎngmó shàng de dǎoyǐng shì zhíjiē cóng rénmen shēnghuó de shēnglǐ guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng de yīyàng.

如果在全部意識形態中，人們和他們的關係就像在照相機中一樣是倒立呈像的，那麼這種現象也是從人們生活的歷史過程中產生的，正如物體在視網膜上的倒影是直接從人們生活的生理過程中產生的一樣。

如果在全部意识形态中，人们和他们的关系就像在照相机中一样是倒立呈像的，那么这种现象也是从人们生活的历史过程中产生的，正如物体在视网膜上的倒影是直接从人们生活的生理过程中产生的一样。


神仙

Sino-Xenic (神仙):
* → Japanese: 神(しん)仙(せん) (shinsen)
* → Korean: 신선(神仙) (sinseon)
* → Vietnamese: thần tiên (神仙)

/ʂən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³/

/sin²⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² siɛn³³/

/sin¹³⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³³/

/ʂən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³/

/sin²⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² siɛn³³/

/sin¹³⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³³/

神仙傳

神仙传

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) immortals; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being


扶桑

/fu³⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fuː²¹ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hu²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ³³/

/hu¹³⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hu²³⁻³³ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fuː²¹ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hu²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ³³/

/hu¹³⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hu²³⁻³³ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

The Ruists reason that: "The sun at dawn rises from the Supportive Mulberry-tree, at dusk sets into the Lissom Willow."

Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE

Rúzhě lùn: “Rì dàn chū fúsāng, mù rù xìliǔ.”

儒者論：「日旦出扶桑，暮入細柳。」

儒者论：「日旦出扶桑，暮入细柳。」

(Chinese mythology) legendary mulberry tree in the ocean where the sun is supposed to rise

(Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan


月宮

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) the palace of the Moon


史筆

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary, figuratively, historiography) the annals of history


金吾

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ u³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋ̍²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ²⁴/

/kim³³ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/kim³³ ɡɔ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ²³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ u³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋ̍²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ²⁴/

/kim³³ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/kim³³ ɡɔ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ²³/

(Chinese mythology) a mythical bird said to keep out misfortune


棺槨

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


蓬萊

Uncertain.
It bears striking resemblance to a Southeast Asian word for “sea”. Compare Burmese ပင်လယ် (panglai, “sea; ocean”), Shan ပၢင်ႇလၢႆႇ (pàang làai, “sea; ocean”), Jingpho pang lai (“sea”), S'gaw Karen ပီၣ်လဲၣ် (paẁ leh̀, “sea”). These seem to be borrowings, possibly from a Mon-Khmer language; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *d[n]liʔ (“sea”), whence Old Khmer danle, danley (“large river; lake; sea”) > Khmer ទន្លេ (tɔɔtŭənlei, “river”), Thai ทะเล (tá-lee, “sea”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, it may be a transcription of an earlier Austroasiatic name; cf. 萊國／莱国 (Láiguó, “Lai”), an ancient Dongyi tribe, where 萊／莱 (lái) has been argued to transcribe a native word for "mountain" or "wilderness". The latter interpretation was mentioned in the Classical Chinese text Yue Jue Shu (越絕書 [Eastern Han]) and discussed by Zhengzhang (1999).

cog

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/pʰʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/fʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² lai¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/pʰʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/fʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² lai¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ lai²³/

See also: 瀛洲, 方丈

(Chinese mythology) Penglai (a mythical eastern isle of immortals)


方丈

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/

See also: 蓬萊, 瀛洲

Xu Fu of the state of Qi and others have written, saying that in the sea there are three mountains of immortals; they are called Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou.

Qí rén Xúfú děng shàngshū, yán hǎi zhōng yǒu sān shénshān, míng yuē Pénglái, Fāngzhàng, Yíngzhōu.

齊人徐巿等上書，言海中有三神山，名曰蓬萊、方丈、瀛洲。

齐人徐巿等上书，言海中有三神山，名曰蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲。

(Chinese mythology) a mystical mountain island in the sea


閻王

Cebuano: yawa

Hiligaynon: yawa

Tagalog: yawa

Waray-Waray: yawa

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/nʲiɛn²¹ uaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/iɛn³⁵ uɔŋ²/

/iam¹¹ ʋɔŋ¹¹/

/ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))mɒŋ²⁴/

ngieng² orng² [Phonetic:ngieng⁵ ngorng²]

/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɒŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/n̠ʲi²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³ u̯an¹³/

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/nʲiɛn²¹ uaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/iɛn³⁵ uɔŋ²/

/iam¹¹ ʋɔŋ¹¹/

/ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))mɒŋ²⁴/

/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɒŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/n̠ʲi²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³ u̯an¹³/

Partial calque of Sanskrit यमराज (yamarāja).

閻王叫你三更死，誰敢留人到五更 / 阎王叫你三更死，谁敢留人到五更

Yánwáng jiào nǐ sāngēng sǐ, shéi gǎn liú rén dào wǔgēng

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology) synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


知母

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 知 (MC trje)


上帝

ja-r

上帝(じょうてい) (jōtei)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (上帝):
* → Japanese: 上帝(じょうてい) (jōtei)
* → Korean: 상제(上帝) (sangje)
* → Vietnamese: Thượng Đế (上帝)

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² tɐi̯³³/

/soŋ⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/

/ʃoŋ³³ ti¹¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ ti³³/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/ɬyɒŋ¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/ɬyøŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ te²¹/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/zɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² tɐi̯³³/

/soŋ⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/

/ʃoŋ³³ ti¹¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ ti³³/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/ɬyɒŋ¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/ɬyøŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ te²¹/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ te²¹/

/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/zɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

;Shangdi (the supreme deity in Chinese mythology and folk religion)
;God (Christian)
;customers

Suī yǒu èrén, zhāijiè mùyù, zé kě yǐ sì Shàngdì.

雖有惡人，齋戒沐浴，則可以祀上帝。

虽有恶人，斋戒沐浴，则可以祀上帝。

Kuàngqiě lǎo dàrén huà guò duōshào xīnlì ne. Jiè le Shàngdì de xīrǎng, lái yān hóngshuǐ, suīrán chù le Shàngdì de nǎonù, hóngshuǐ de shēndù kě yě qiǎn le yīdiǎn le.

況且老大人化過多少心力呢。借了上帝的息壤，來湮洪水，雖然觸了上帝的惱怒，洪水的深度可也淺了一點了。

况且老大人化过多少心力呢。借了上帝的息壤，来湮洪水，虽然触了上帝的恼怒，洪水的深度可也浅了一点了。

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion) Shangdi (sky deity in Chinese traditional religions)


火德星君

ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄐㄩㄣ

ходэ синцзюнь

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

火德 (the fire virtue) + 星君 (the ruler of a star)
: The ruler of the "fire virtue star"


本義

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/


詞彙

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰz̩²⁴ xuɛi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/ɬu²² vᵘɔi³²/

/su²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/su¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ lui³³/

/su²³⁻³³ lui³³/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³⁵/

/zz̩²² ɦue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰz̩²⁴ xuɛi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/ɬu²² vᵘɔi³²/

/su²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/su¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ lui³³/

/su²³⁻³³ lui³³/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³⁵/

/zz̩²² ɦue⁴⁴/

一般詞彙／一般词汇

基本詞彙／基本词汇

文言詞彙／文言词汇

方言詞彙／方言词汇

(linguistics, semantics, collective) vocabulary; lexicon


代詞

/taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/


吸血鬼

ㄒㄧ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

ㄒㄧ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɐp̚⁵ hyːt̚³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁴ hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kui⁵³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɐp̚⁵ hyːt̚³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁴ hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kui⁵³/


愚人

/jyː²¹ jɐn²¹/

/jyː²¹ jɐn²¹/


組合

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 組合 (kumiai, “association”) and 組合せ (kumiawase, “combination”).


自我

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː²² ŋɔː¹³/

/tu³² ᵑɡᵘɔ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋu³³/

/t͡so¹¹ ŋɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡so²¹ ŋɒ³³²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ ua⁵²/

/zz̩²² ŋu⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː²² ŋɔː¹³/

/tu³² ᵑɡᵘɔ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋu³³/

/t͡so¹¹ ŋɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡so²¹ ŋɒ³³²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ ua⁵²/

/zz̩²² ŋu⁴⁴/


殭屍

→ Japanese: キョンシー

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kœːŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kœːŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

(mythology) jiangshi (Chinese “hopping” vampire, ghost, or zombie)


適應

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ iŋ⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/ɬiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ iŋ⁴²/

/ɬiʔ²⁻⁴ iŋ⁴²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ eŋ²¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ iŋ⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/ɬiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ iŋ⁴²/

/ɬiʔ²⁻⁴ iŋ⁴²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ eŋ²¹³/


狼人

/lɑŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/lɑŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/


北京人

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiã³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiã³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

Homo erectus pekinensis
Homo erectus pekinensis#Translingual

(paleontology, archaeology, anthropology) Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis)


群眾

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³/

/kɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ⁴²/

guong² zyoeng⁴ [Phonetic:guong¹ nyoeng⁴]

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/kun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/kun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³/

/kɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ⁴²/

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/kun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/kun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

Revolutionary statespeople, the political specialists who know the science or art of revolutionary politics, are simply the leaders of millions upon millions of statespeople – the masses. Their task is to collect the opinions of these mass statespeople, sift and refine them, and return them to the masses, who then take them and put them into practice. They are therefore not the kind of aristocratic “statespeople” who work behind closed doors and fancy they have a monopoly of wisdom.

1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Gémìng de zhèngzhìjiāmen, dǒngde gémìng de zhèngzhì kēxué huò zhèngzhì yìshù de zhèngzhì zhuānménjiāmen, tāmen zhǐshì qiānqiānwànwàn de qúnzhòng zhèngzhìjiā de lǐngxiù, tāmen de rènwù zàiyú bǎ qúnzhòng zhèngzhìjiā de yìjiàn jízhōng qilai, jiāyǐ tíliàn, zài shǐ zhī huí dào qúnzhòng zhōng qù, wéi qúnzhòng suǒ jiēshòu, suǒ shíjiàn, ér bùshì bìménzàochē, zìzuòcōngmíng, zhǐ cǐ yījiā, bié wú fēndiàn de nà zhǒng guìzúshì de suǒwèi “zhèngzhìjiā”, — zhè shì wúchǎnjiējí zhèngzhìjiā tóng fǔxiǔ le de zīchǎnjiējí zhèngzhìjiā de yuánzé qūbié.

革命的政治家們，懂得革命的政治科學或政治藝術的政治專門家們，他們只是千千萬萬的群眾政治家的領袖，他們的任務在於把群眾政治家的意見集中起來，加以提煉，再使之回到群眾中去，為群眾所接受，所實踐，而不是閉門造車，自作聰明，只此一家，別無分店的那種貴族式的所謂「政治家」，——這是無產階級政治家同腐朽了的資產階級政治家的原則區別。

革命的政治家们，懂得革命的政治科学或政治艺术的政治专门家们，他们只是千千万万的群众政治家的领袖，他们的任务在于把群众政治家的意见集中起来，加以提炼，再使之回到群众中去，为群众所接受，所实践，而不是闭门造车，自作聪明，只此一家，别无分店的那种贵族式的所谓「政治家」，——这是无产阶级政治家同腐朽了的资产阶级政治家的原则区别。


轆轤首

/lu⁵¹ lu³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ lu¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚⁵ lou̯²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/lu⁵¹ lu³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ lu¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚⁵ lou̯²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/


九龍

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) nine dragons that were able to control water resources to prevent flooding

(Chinese mythology) beast ridden by immortals


貔貅

/pʰi³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰei̯²¹ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pi²⁴⁻²² hiu⁴⁴/

/pʰi³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰei̯²¹ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pi²⁴⁻²² hiu⁴⁴/

Earliest extant attestations are in the Book of Rites and Lost Book of Zhou

When there is a ferocious beast (of prey) in front, the flag with a pixiu's skin on it should be displayed.

前有摯獸，則載貔貅。

前有挚兽，则载貔貅。

The mountains being thus deep, how can tigers, leopards, and pixiu be tamed?

Lost Book of Zhou, circa 4ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ centuries BCE

Shān zhī shēn yě, hǔbào píxiū héwéi kě fú?

山之深也，虎豹貔貅何為可服？

山之深也，虎豹貔貅何为可服？

(Chinese mythology) pixiu, a mythical horned animal that is believed to bring luck


牙床

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/ia²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ²⁴/

/ŋaː²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ɡa²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡɛ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰŋ̍¹³/

/ɡe²³⁻³³ t͡sʰŋ̍²³/

/ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/

/ŋa²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/ia²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ²⁴/

/ŋaː²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ɡa²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡɛ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰŋ̍¹³/

/ɡe²³⁻³³ t͡sʰŋ̍²³/

/ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/

/ŋa²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/


奧卡姆剃刀

ㄠˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄇㄨˇ ㄊㄧˋ ㄉㄠ

ㄠˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄇㄨˇ ㄊㄧˋ ㄉㄠ

Аокаму тидао

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi⁵¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


連讀

(linguistics) to read two or more words or syllables together, especially as a contraction


多義

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/


資本階級

ㄗ ㄅㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄗ ㄅㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

цзыбэнь цзецзи

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ puːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ puːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

(communism) capitalist class; bourgeoisie


資產階級

ㄗ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄗ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

цзычань цзецзи

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/


T單位

/tʰi⁵¹ tän⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰi⁵¹ tän⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/


句型

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/kɵy̯³³ jɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/kɵy̯³³ jɪŋ²¹/

(linguistics) sentence construction; sentence pattern


連詞

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/


聯詞

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


口腔

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiɔŋ³³/

/kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰĩõ³³/

/kʰɘu̯³³ t͡ɕʰi̯an⁴⁴⁵/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiɔŋ³³/

/kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰĩõ³³/

/kʰɘu̯³³ t͡ɕʰi̯an⁴⁴⁵/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiũ⁴⁴/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiũ⁴⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɔ̃⁴⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiũ⁴⁴/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiũ⁴⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɔ̃⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, linguistics) accent (phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect)


正義

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (正義):
* → Japanese: 正義(せいぎ) (seigi)
* → Korean: 정의(正義) (jeong'ui)
* → Vietnamese: chính nghĩa (正義)

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jiː²²/

/t͡sɨn⁵⁵ ŋi⁵⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋi³⁵/

/t͡sən³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jiː²²/

/t͡sɨn⁵⁵ ŋi⁵⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋi³⁵/

/t͡sən³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/


虛詞

/ɕy⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/hy⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬo¹³/

/hy⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬo²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ su²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ su²³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² su¹³/

/ɕy⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/hy⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬo¹³/

/hy⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬo²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ su²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ su²³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² su¹³/

(grammar) function word; a word with a purely grammatical function


前後文

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄨㄣˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ wən³⁵/


上下文

ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄣˊ

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² haː²² mɐn²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² haː²² mɐn²¹/


語境

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ kɪŋ³⁵/

(linguistics) context (communicative setting)

(linguistics) context (parts of something written or spoken); cotext

前後文

context, parts of something written or spoken


犰狳

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ y³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯²¹ jyː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ y³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯²¹ jyː²¹/

(Chinese mythology) a kind of animal in Chinese mythology (Classifier: 隻／只 m)


詞素

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ su⁵¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ su⁵¹/


星星

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/


女皇

ja-r

女皇(じょこう) (jokō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (女皇):
* → Japanese: 女皇(じょこう) (jokō)
* → Korean: 여황(女皇) (yeohwang)
* → Vietnamese: nữ hoàng (女皇)

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/


一元論

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ jyːn²¹ lɵn²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ jyːn²¹ lɵn²²/


唯物主義

ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ mɐt̚² t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ mɐt̚² t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


投射

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ sɛː²²/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ sɛː²²/


超人

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(philosophy) superman; übermensch; overman


時態

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/siː²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/siː²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

(grammar) tense (any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists; an inflected form of a verb that indicates tense)


同源詞

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/


雙元音

шуанъюаньинь

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


嫦娥

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

/soŋ¹¹ ŋo¹¹/

/suoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋo⁵³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋo⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

/soŋ¹¹ ŋo¹¹/

/suoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋo⁵³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋo⁵⁵/

Euphemistic form of 姮娥 (Héng'é) from the Han dynasty, since 姮 (héng) is homophonous with 恆／恒 (héng), the personal name of Emperor Wen of Han.

(Chinese mythology) Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon


大同

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

The philosophical sense is from the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》)

… In this way (selfish) schemings were repressed and found no development. Robbers, filchers, and rebellious traitors did not show themselves, and hence the outer doors remained open, and were not shut. This was (the period of) what we call the Grand Union.

...... Shìgù móu bì ér bù xīng, dàoqiè luànzéi ér bù zuò, gù wàihù ér bù bì, shì wèi dàtóng.

……是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

……是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。

(Chinese philosophy) Great Unity (utopian vision of the world in which everyone and everything is at peace)


階級鬥爭

ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄡˋ ㄓㄥ

ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄡˋ ㄓㄥ

цзецзи доучжэн

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵ tɐu̯³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵ tɐu̯³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/


有產階級

ㄧㄡˇ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄧㄡˇ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ючань цзецзи

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/


代償

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² sœːŋ²¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² sœːŋ²¹/


公理

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/


心像

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

(psychology, chiefly Taiwan) mental image


共通語

Sino-Xenic (共通語):
* → Japanese: 共(きょう)通(つう)語(ご) (kyōtsūgo)
* → Korean: 공통어(共通語) (gongtong'eo)

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ²² tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ²² tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

(linguistics) common language; lingua franca


祈願

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/kʰi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/kʰi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ³⁵/


后羿

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² ŋɐi̯²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ ɡe³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² ŋɐi̯²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ ɡe³³/

(Chinese mythology) Hou Yi (mythological Chinese archer)


高天原

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高天原 (literally “Plain of High Heaven”).

obor

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Takamagahara


音節

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (音節):
* → Japanese: 音節(おんせつ) (onsetsu)
* → Korean: 음절(音節) (eumjeol)
* → Vietnamese: âm tiết (音節)

/in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sat̚³²/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sat̚³²/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

the role of tone in Chinese syllable perception

shēngdiào zài hànyǔ yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng

聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用

声调在汉语音节感知中的作用


偏旁

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pʰɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/pʰiɛn⁵⁵ pʰaŋ²¹/

/pʰiã²¹ pʰaŋ²⁴/

/pʰiã³¹ pʰã²⁴/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ pʰɔːŋ²¹/

/pʰin²¹³ pʰɔŋ²¹/

/ˈpʰiɛn⁴² pʰɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰɔŋ¹¹/

/pʰie¹¹ pʰɒ̃¹¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pɔŋ¹³/

/pʰiɛn³³ pɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ¹³/

/pʰin⁵³ pʰaŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯ẽ³³ pan¹³/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pʰɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/pʰiɛn⁵⁵ pʰaŋ²¹/

/pʰiã²¹ pʰaŋ²⁴/

/pʰiã³¹ pʰã²⁴/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ pʰɔːŋ²¹/

/pʰin²¹³ pʰɔŋ²¹/

/ˈpʰiɛn⁴² pʰɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰɔŋ¹¹/

/pʰie¹¹ pʰɒ̃¹¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pɔŋ¹³/

/pʰiɛn³³ pɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ²⁴/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ¹³/

/pʰin⁵³ pʰaŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯ẽ³³ pan¹³/

(Chinese linguistics) component (of a Chinese character; usually the 部首 and the one other part; more restricted in usage than 部件)

形旁 and 意符

For phono-semantic compounds (形聲字／形声字 (xíngshēngzì)); semantic component

聲旁

For phono-semantic compounds (形聲字／形声字 (xíngshēngzì)); phonetic component


玉帝

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² tɐi̯³³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te¹¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² tɐi̯³³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te¹¹/

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) Short for 玉皇大帝 (Yùhuáng Dàdì).


玉皇

Sino-Xenic (玉皇):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)皇(こう) (Gyokukō)
* → Korean: 옥황(玉皇) (Okhwang)
* → Vietnamese: Ngọc Hoàng (玉皇)

→ English: Jade Emperor (calque)

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/kœʔ⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒŋ¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²³/

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/kœʔ⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒŋ¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²³/

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the Jade Emperor


音位

/in⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/in⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/


犯罪行為

ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˊ

ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˊ

фаньцзуй синвэй

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²² hɐŋ²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²² hɐŋ²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

(law, criminology) criminal act; criminal offense


天道

Sino-Xenic (天道):
* → Japanese: 天道(てんどう) (tendō)

desctree

→? Proto-Ryukyuan: *teda
Northern Ryukyuan:
Kikai: 天道, 太陽 (θida, θïda)
Kunigami: 天道, 太陽 (thidā)
Northern Amami Ōshima: 天道, 太陽 (θeda)
Okinawan: 天道, 太陽 (tīda)
Okinoerabu: 天道, 太陽 (θida)
Southern Amami Ōshima: 天道, 太陽 (θïda)
Tokunoshima: 天道, 太陽 (θida)
Yoron: 天道, 太陽 (tida)
Southern Ryukyuan:
Miyako: 天道, 太陽 (tida)
Yaeyama: 天道, 太陽 (tida)
Yonaguni: 天道, 太陽 (tidan)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ to³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ to³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ³³/

(literary, philosophy) laws of nature; laws of heaven


正史

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ siː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ siː³⁵/

(historiography) any of the Twenty-Four Histories


河童

/xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 河童(かっぱ) (kappa).

2023, “我的世界地圖”, 黃偉文 [Wyman Wong] (lyrics), 王菀之 [Ivana Wong] (music)performed by 魏浚笙 [Jeffrey Ngai]:

Under which tree is the kappa taking shelter from thunder and lightning?

ho⁴ tung⁴ zoi⁶ naa⁵ syu⁶ haa⁶ bei⁶ leoi⁴ din⁶

河童在哪樹下避雷電

河童在哪树下避雷电

(Japanese mythology) kappa (mythical creature) (Classifier: 個／个 m; 隻／只 m)


秘史

/mi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


唯物論

/weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ mɐt̚² lɵn²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² but̚⁴⁻³² lun²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² but̚²⁴⁻² lun⁴¹/

/i¹³⁻²² but̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lun²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ but̚⁴⁻³² lun³³/

/i²³⁻³³ but̚⁴⁻³² lun³³/

/weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ mɐt̚² lɵn²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² but̚⁴⁻³² lun²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² but̚²⁴⁻² lun⁴¹/

/i¹³⁻²² but̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lun²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ but̚⁴⁻³² lun³³/

/i²³⁻³³ but̚⁴⁻³² lun³³/


辯證唯物論

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

бяньчжэн вэйулунь

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

dialectical materialism
dialectical materialism


限定

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/haːn²² tɪŋ²²/

/han³³⁻²¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/han²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ²²/

/han³³⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/an²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ²²/

/han³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/han²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/han³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/an²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/an³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/haːn²² tɪŋ²²/

/han³³⁻²¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/han²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ²²/

/han³³⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/an²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ²²/

/han³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/han²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/han³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/an²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/an³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/


女史

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historiography, feminism) feminist history; herstory


智人

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡siː³³ jɐn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡siː³³ jɐn²¹/


仙女

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/


憂鬱症

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(psychiatry) depression (as a disease); depressive disorder


抑鬱

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/jɪk̚⁵ wɐt̚⁵/

/iak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ut̚⁵/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ut̚³²/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ut̚³²/

/ak̚²⁻⁴ uk̚²/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/jɪk̚⁵ wɐt̚⁵/

/iak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ut̚⁵/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ut̚³²/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ut̚³²/

/ak̚²⁻⁴ uk̚²/


同調

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ti̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ tiːu̯²²/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ti̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ tiːu̯²²/


共同語

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄩˇ

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄩˇ

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jyː¹³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jyː¹³/

English is the common language of the world.

英語是世界的共同語。

英语是世界的共同语。


中性

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/


再現

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ jiːn²²/

/t͡sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sai²¹⁻⁵³ hiɛn²²/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ jiːn²²/

/t͡sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sai²¹⁻⁵³ hiɛn²²/


再現

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ jiːn²²/

/t͡sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sai²¹⁻⁵³ hiɛn²²/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ jiːn²²/

/t͡sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sai²¹⁻⁵³ hiɛn²²/


盤古

/pʰän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːn²¹ kuː³⁵/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰuan¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/pʰän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːn²¹ kuː³⁵/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰuan¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/


天宮

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ³³/

孫悟空大鬧天宮——慌了神 / 孙悟空大闹天宫——慌了神

Sūn Wùkōng dà nào tiāngōng, huāng le shén

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion or Taoism) heavenly palace; abode of the gods (e.g. of the Jade Emperor - 玉皇大帝 Yùhuáng Dadì)

(archaeology) a palace at a high place (in which relics are kept)


搭配

/tä⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːp̚³ pʰuːi̯³³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pʰue²¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pʰue²¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pʰe¹¹/

/tä⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːp̚³ pʰuːi̯³³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pʰue²¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pʰue²¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pʰe¹¹/

固定搭配

非典型搭配

(linguistics, translation studies) collocation; combination


相對論

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

sêng¹ dêu³ lên⁶⁻²

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³ lɵn²²/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³ lɵn²²⁻³⁵/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ lun²²/

/siɔŋ³³ tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lun⁴¹/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui²¹⁻⁴¹ lun³³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui¹¹⁻⁵³ lun³³/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ lun²²/

/siaŋ³³⁻²³ tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ luŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³ lɵn²²/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³ lɵn²²⁻³⁵/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ lun²²/

/siɔŋ³³ tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lun⁴¹/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui²¹⁻⁴¹ lun³³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui¹¹⁻⁵³ lun³³/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ lun²²/

/siaŋ³³⁻²³ tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ luŋ³⁵/


魔術師

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɵt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/mo²⁴⁻¹¹ sut̚⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɵt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/mo²⁴⁻¹¹ sut̚⁵ sɨ²⁴/


混沌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (混沌):
* → Japanese: 混沌(こんとん) (konton)
* → Korean: 혼돈(混沌) (hondon)
* → Vietnamese: hỗn độn (混沌)

/xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐn²² tɵn²²/

/xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐn²² tɵn²²/

Old Chinese *guːnʔ duːnʔ. The variant 渾淪／浑沦 (húnlún) suggests that this perhaps came from *guːnʔ l̥uːnʔ ~ guːnʔ ruːnʔ, from **gruːnʔ, from the root *k(V)r- ("to flow > to mix > to be turbid, chaotic").
Related to 餛飩／馄饨 (húntun, “wonton”) and 雲吞／云吞 (yúntūn, “wonton”).
Compare 渾 (OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ), 混 (OC *ɡuːnʔ, “rapidly flowing water; turbidity; confusedness; unclearness; big; whole”), Korean 흐르— (heureu-, “to flow; to float; to fill”), 흐리— (heuri-, “to be turbid, unclear, indistinct”), 흐릿하— (heuritha-, “to be vague, indistinct”).

zh-l

渾淪／浑沦 (húnlún)

ko-l

(Chinese mythology) Hundun (the unclear, confused and nebulous state of the primordial world)

(Chinese mythology) hundun (legendary faceless creature)


個性

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ sɪŋ³³/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/ko¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ¹¹/

/kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ko³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ²¹³/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ sɪŋ³³/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/ko¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ¹¹/

/kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ko³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ²¹³/


刺激

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i¹/

/t͡sʰiː³³ kɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰy²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiak̚⁵/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kek̚²/

/t͡sʰz̩³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i¹/

/t͡sʰiː³³ kɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰy²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiak̚⁵/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kek̚²/

/t͡sʰz̩³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

(physiology, psychology, economics) stimulus; stimulant


生番

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ faːn⁵⁵/

/saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fan²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ hueŋ³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ faːn⁵⁵/

/saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fan²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² huan⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ hueŋ³³/

(historical ethnography, derogatory) member of a non-sinicized ethnic minority (as opposed to the sinicized 熟番)


屈折

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (屈折):
* → Japanese: 屈折(くっせつ) (kussetsu)
* → Korean: 굴절(屈折) (guljeol)

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/


朱雀

Sino-Xenic (朱雀):
* → Japanese: 朱(す)雀(ざく) (suzaku)
* → Korean: 주작(朱雀) (jujak)
* → Vietnamese: Chu Tước (朱雀)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

(Chinese mythology) Vermilion Bird (guardian spirit of the south)


白虎

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

(Chinese mythology) White Tiger (one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations)

(Chinese mythology) White Tiger (god of the West in Chinese mythology)


小宇宙

ja-r

小宇宙(しょううちゅう) (shōuchū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (小宇宙):
* → Japanese: 小宇宙(しょううちゅう) (shōuchū)
* → Korean: 소우주(小宇宙) (souju)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/


節制

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siːt̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡se¹¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡se²¹/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ t͡si²¹/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ t͡si²¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siːt̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡se¹¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡se²¹/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ t͡si²¹/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ t͡si²¹³/


戀人

/li̯ɛn⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/li̯ɛn⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/


三星

/sän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

(Chinese mythology) the Sanxing (Gods of Happiness, Wealth and Longevity)


愚者

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/


教皇

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kaːu̯³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/kau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ¹³/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ²³/

/kɔ³³ ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kaːu̯³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/kau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ¹³/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ²³/

/kɔ³³ ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/


魏瑪共和國

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Вэйма Гунхэго

/weɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(Mainland China, history) Weimar Republic


九日

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ jɐt̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ jɐt̚²/

(Chinese mythology) nine suns (shot by Hou Yi)


開口

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴ kʰi̯eu̯³¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ kʰɤ²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴ kʰi̯eu̯³¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ kʰɤ²¹/

(Chinese phonetics) short for 開口呼／开口呼 (kāikǒuhū, “open-mouth sounds”)


音律

/jɐm⁵⁵ lɵt̚²/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ lut̚⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ lut̚⁴/

/jɐm⁵⁵ lɵt̚²/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ lut̚⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ lut̚⁴/


語氣

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi¹¹/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi¹¹/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/


雙數

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/


單數

Sino-Xenic (單數):
* → Japanese: 単数(たんすう) (tansū)
* → Korean: 단수(單數) (dansu)

/tän⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/tan²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nou²¹³/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/tan²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nou²¹³/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/


原形

/ɥɛn³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jɪŋ²¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/

/n̠ʲyø²² ɦin⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jɪŋ²¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/

/n̠ʲyø²² ɦin⁴⁴/


口譯

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

聯絡口譯

联络口译

(translation studies) to do interpreting; to do interpretation; to interpret

傳譯

to do interpreting, originally referred to translation generally


筆譯

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ jɪk̚²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ iɪk̚¹²¹/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ iak̚²⁴/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ jɪk̚²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ iɪk̚¹²¹/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ iak̚²⁴/

(translation studies) to do written translation; to translate


原始

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ sɨ³¹/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ sɨ³¹/

/ŋien⁵⁵ ʃi²⁴/

/ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ny³³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² si⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵³/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ si⁴¹/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵²/

/n̠ʲyø²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ sɨ³¹/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ sɨ³¹/

/ŋien⁵⁵ ʃi²⁴/

/ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ny³³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² si⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵³/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ si⁴¹/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵²/

/n̠ʲyø²² sz̩⁴⁴/

原始漢藏語

原始汉藏语


甲骨文

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kaːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kut̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/kaʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kaːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kut̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/kaʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

(palaeography, historiography) oracle bone script


大秦

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵn²¹/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵn²¹/

; "Roman Empire"
:
: In contrast, Zhang (1919) conjectured that the word may have indeed been a borrowing ultimately from Latium, Latinum, etc. (transcribed as 剌丁 in his writing) based on comparisons among Sinitic languages; see also the Baxter–Sagart reconstruction below. However, this etymology remains hypothetical.
; "Roman Levant; Syria region; etc."

Its people are all built tall, robust, balanced, and upright, resembling (the people) of the Zhongguo. For this reason it is called Daqin (the Great Qin).

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Qí rénmín jiē cháng dà píng zhèng, yǒu lèi Zhōngguó, gù wèizhī Dàqín.

其人民皆長大平正，有類中國，故謂之大秦。

其人民皆长大平正，有类中国，故谓之大秦。

Angelic powers promulgated the glad tidings, a virgin gave birth to the Holy One in Syria;
A bright star announced the felicitous event, and Persians observing the splendor came to present tribute.

781, Nestorian Stele Inscriptions (《大秦景教流行中國碑》). Translated by Alexander Wylie (偉烈亞力).

Shéntiān xuānqìng, shìnǚ dànshèng yú Dàqín; jǐngxiù gàoxiáng, Bōsī dǔyào yǐ láigòng.

神天宣慶，室女誕聖於大秦；景宿告祥，波斯睹耀以來貢。

神天宣庆，室女诞圣于大秦；景宿告祥，波斯睹耀以来贡。

(historical and archaic, Chinese historiography) the Coele Syria or the Roman Levant; the Syria region under Roman dominion


塞壬

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jɐm²¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jɐm²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, mythology) siren


述語

/ʂu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵt̚² jyː¹³/

/ʂu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵt̚² jyː¹³/


月宮女神

ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ ㄕㄣˊ

ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ ㄕㄣˊ

юэгун нюйшэнь

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³ sɐn²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³ sɐn²¹/

(Greek mythology) Selene (goddess of the Moon)


戰車

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡sø³³ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡sø³³ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/


冥器

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

(archaeology) burnt joss offerings to the dead


明器

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/


親族

Sino-Xenic (親族):
* → Japanese: 親族(しんぞく) (shinzoku)
* → Korean: 친족(親族) (chinjok)
* → Vietnamese: thân tộc (親族)

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


修飾

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/siu⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/siu⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/


悖論

/peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/puːi̯²² lɵn²²/

/peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/puːi̯²² lɵn²²/

(logic, philosophy, mathematics) paradox; antinomy


抽象名詞

ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ

ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ

чоусян минцы

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su¹³/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su¹³/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/


美杜莎

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa), from μέδω (médō, “rule over”).


賓語

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (賓語):
* → Vietnamese: tân ngữ (賓語)

/pin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/pin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/


䰱

(mythology) name of a god, a legendary spirit having the face of a man and the body of a beast


火鼠

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³⁵ syː³⁵/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³⁵ syː³⁵/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

(Chinese mythology) fire rat or mouse (a mythological creature)


始祖鳥

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ niːu̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ niːu̯¹³/


青銅器時代

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ

Цинтунци Шидай

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ hei̯³³ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ hei̯³³ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/


巨蟹宮

ㄐㄩˋ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄐㄩˋ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


虛擬

/ɕy⁵⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/hɯ³³ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁵³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/hɯ³³⁻²³ ŋi⁵²/

/ɕy⁵⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/hɯ³³ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁵³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/hɯ³³⁻²³ ŋi⁵²/

(grammar, grammatical moods) subjunctive


解離

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li³⁵/

(chemistry, physics or psychology) to dissociate


䊧

(obsolete, mythology) Name of an animal resembling a pig.


䮀

See also: 駮

(mythology) a kind of animal with a horse shape, the tail of an ox and with only one horn


䲃

(mythology) a mythical carp-like fish with chicken feet


䲦

(mythology) a legendary bird with three eyes and ears


䳟

See also: 鷦䳟

(mythology) a legendary, supernatural bird similar to the fenghuang


䴑

(Chinese mythology) a legendary weird bird, resembling the magpie, with a dark red color, two heads and four feet


䴦

(mythology) a legendary animal resembling a raccoon dog and with eyes like those of human beings (from the Classic of Mountains and Seas or Shan Hai Jing)


論域

/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/


王母

/wɑŋ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ mou̯¹³/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu⁴⁵³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu³³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ mou̯¹³/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu⁴⁵³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu³³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) Queen Mother of the West


精神病

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ piŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən² piŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹ pɛːŋ²²/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³⁻³³ pẽ³³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ³³/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ piŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən² piŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹ pɛːŋ²²/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³⁻³³ pẽ³³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ³³/

精神病發作

精神病发作

(psychology) mental disorder; mental illness


認識論

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/


孤立語

/ku⁵⁵ li⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku⁵⁵ li⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


屈折語

Sino-Xenic (屈折語):
* → Korean: 굴절어(屈折語) (guljeoreo)

chʻü¹-chê²-yü³

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐt̚⁵ t͡siːt̚³ jyː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐt̚⁵ t͡siːt̚³ jyː¹³/


三國

Sino-Xenic (三國):
* → Japanese: 三国(さんごく) (sangoku)
* → Korean: 삼국(三國) (samguk)
* → Vietnamese: Tam Quốc (三國)

→ English: Three Kingdoms

desc

→ Thai: สามก๊ก

→ Thai: สามก๊ก

→ Khmer: សាមកុក (saam-kok)

→ Japanese: サームコック (Sāmukokku)

→ Indonesian: Sam Kok, Samkok

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾mɒʔ²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾mɒʔ²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

(Chinese history) the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)


升華

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³/

Sense #2 was influenced by Japanese 昇華(しょうか) (shōka).


月桂

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² kʷɐi̯³³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² kʷɐi̯³³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/

(literary, Chinese mythology) sweet osmanthus on the Moon


蟾宮

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

From the legend of a pareidolic lunar toad.

(Chinese mythology) the palace of the Moon


中書省

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(history) the Secretariat, one of the three principal departments of the central government of medieval China


喉塞音

/xoʊ̯³⁵ sɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²¹ sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ sɤ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²¹ sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


玉器

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/y¹¹ t͡ɕʰi¹/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰi¹¹/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/y¹¹ t͡ɕʰi¹/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰi¹¹/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/


龍山文化

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄢ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄢ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

Луншань Вэньхуа

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ faː³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ faː³³/

(archaeology) the neolithic Longshan culture along the Yellow River, named for its type site


論題

/lu̯ən⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/lɵn²² tʰɐi̯²¹/

/lun²²⁻²¹ te¹³/

/lun³³⁻²¹ te²³/

/lu̯ən⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/lɵn²² tʰɐi̯²¹/

/lun²²⁻²¹ te¹³/

/lun³³⁻²¹ te²³/


戰國

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (戰國):
* → Japanese: 戦国(せんごく) (Sengoku)
* → Korean: 전국(戰國) (Jeon'guk)
* → Vietnamese: Chiến Quốc (戰國)

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sieŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sieŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

(history) the Warring States period (of Chinese history)

(history) the Sengoku period (of Japanese history)


語尾

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(grammar) Alternative name for 詞尾／词尾 (cíwěi, “suffix; ending”).


比較語言學

ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

бицзяо юйяньсюэ

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/pei̯³⁵ kaːu̯³³ jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/pei̯³⁵ kaːu̯³³ jyː¹³ jiːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

comparative linguistics
comparative linguistics


多音字

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ t͡siː²²/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ t͡siː²²/

(linguistics) character with two or more readings; heteronym


連線

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


辯證法

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄚˇ

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄚˇ

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piːn²² t͡sɪŋ³³ faːt̚³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piːn²² t͡sɪŋ³³ faːt̚³/

(specifically, philosophy) dialectical materialism


心理測評

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˇ ㄘㄜˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˇ ㄘㄜˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ

синьли цэпин

/ɕin⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰɐk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰaːk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰɐk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰaːk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(psychology) psychological evaluation (the use of psychological tests to measure intelligence, abilities, attitudes and personality traits)


長征

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ³³/

; Long March
First attested in 1935, in a bulletin posted on 22 May in Mianning, Sichuan, attributed to the commander-in-chief Zhu De

The Red Army's expedition of ten thousand li is advancing with irresistible force, crushing all obstacles in our path.

1935,《中國工辳紅軍佈告》(Proclamation of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army)

Hóngjūn wànlǐ chángzhēng, suǒxiàng shìrúpòzhú.

紅軍萬里長征，所向勢如破竹。

红军万里长征，所向势如破竹。

(history) Long March (the military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, October 1934–October 1935)


派生詞

/pʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/pʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/


借字

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(linguistics) phonetic loan character; word that takes another's meaning


通假字

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː³⁵ t͡siː²²/


通假

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː³⁵/

(linguistics) use of a Chinese character interchangeably for a phonetically related character


古文

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ mɐn²¹/

/kuː³⁵ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ bun²³/

/kou⁵²⁻³⁵ buŋ⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ mɐn²¹/

/kuː³⁵ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ bun²³/

/kou⁵²⁻³⁵ buŋ⁵⁵/


織女

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɨt̚⁵ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sɨt̚² ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁴⁵ ny⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ lɯ⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³¹⁻⁵ li⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɨt̚⁵ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sɨt̚² ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁴⁵ ny⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ lɯ⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³¹⁻⁵ li⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology) Zhinü, the weaver girl; see The Weaver Girl and the Cowherd


破鏡

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɔː³³ kɛːŋ³³/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɔː³³ kɛːŋ³³/

;ferocious beast that eats its own father

alt. forms: 破獍 (pòjìng)

(Chinese mythology) pojing, a ferocious beast that eats its own father


嘆詞

/tʰän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tʰaːn³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²⁴/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ su²⁴/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ su¹³/

/tʰän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tʰaːn³³ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²⁴/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ su²⁴/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ su¹³/


複輔音

/fu⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ fuː²² jɐm⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ fuː²² jɐm⁵⁵/


輔音

Sino-Xenic (輔音):
* → Vietnamese: phụ âm (輔音)

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/fuː²² jɐm⁵⁵/

/fu³² jim³³⁻³³⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ im⁴⁴/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/fuː²² jɐm⁵⁵/

/fu³² jim³³⁻³³⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ im⁴⁴/


惡魔

Sino-Xenic (惡魔):
* → Japanese: 悪(あく)魔(ま) (akuma)
* → Korean: 악마(惡魔) (angma)
* → Vietnamese: ác ma (惡魔)

/ˀɤ⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɔːk̚³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɔːk̚³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²³/

塔斯馬尼亞惡魔

tǎsīmǎníyà èmó

塔斯马尼亚恶魔

tǎsīmǎníyà èmó


釋義

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jiː²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi²²/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi²²/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ ŋi³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jiː²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi²²/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi²²/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ ŋi³⁵/

(linguistics, translation studies, law) to define (a term, concept or text); to explain; to interpret; to paraphrase


釋義

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jiː²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi²²/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi²²/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ ŋi³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jiː²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi²²/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi²²/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ ŋi³⁵/

(linguistics, translation studies, law) definition (of a term, concept or text); explanation; interpretation; paraphrase


遺址

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/i²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/ui²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/ui¹³⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/d͡zui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/i²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/ui²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/ui¹³⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/d͡zui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

人類遺址

人类遗址

archaeological site; archaeological ruin

古文化遺址

古文化遗址

北京明城牆遺址公園

北京明城墙遗址公园

(countable, archaeology) ruins; relics; historical site (Classifier: 處／处 m)


實體

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐt̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰe⁴⁵³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² tʰe³³²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tʰe⁵³/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tʰe⁵³/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tʰe⁴¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐt̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰe⁴⁵³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² tʰe³³²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tʰe⁵³/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tʰe⁵³/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² tʰe⁴¹/


外來詞

/waɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² lɔːi̯²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² lɔːi̯²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/


語系

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ hɐi̯²²/

/ŋy³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iɛ²⁴²/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he³³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he²²/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ he⁴¹/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ he³³/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he²²/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ hɐi̯²²/

/ŋy³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iɛ²⁴²/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he³³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he²²/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ he⁴¹/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ he³³/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he²²/


語族

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jyː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jyː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

斯拉夫語族

斯拉夫语族

閃米特語族

闪米特语族

A language family and an ethnic group are two essentially different concepts.

2019 July 21, State Council Information Office, 《新疆的若干历史问题》 [Historical Matters Concerning Xinjiang]

Yǔzú hé mínzú shì liǎng ge bùtóng de gàiniàn, yǒuzhe běnzhì de qūbié.

語族和民族是兩個不同的概念，有著本質的區別。

语族和民族是两个不同的概念，有着本质的区别。

(linguistics) a rank in linguistic taxonomy which is one level below family; language branch


外來語

/waɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² lɔːi̯²¹ jyː¹³/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ lai²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ lai¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² lɔːi̯²¹ jyː¹³/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ lai²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ lai¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/


對應

ja-r

対応(たいおう) (taiō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (對應):
* → Japanese: 対応(たいおう) (taiō)
* → Korean: 대응(對應) (daeeung)
* → Vietnamese: đối ứng (對應)

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ iŋ⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ jɪŋ³³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ iŋ⁴²/

/tui²¹⁻⁵³ iɪŋ²¹/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/tui²¹⁻⁵³ iɪŋ²¹/

/tui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɪŋ¹¹/

/tui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɪŋ²¹/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ iŋ⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ jɪŋ³³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ iŋ⁴²/

/tui²¹⁻⁵³ iɪŋ²¹/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/tui²¹⁻⁵³ iɪŋ²¹/

/tui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɪŋ¹¹/

/tui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɪŋ²¹/

對應陰性

对应阴性


詞頭

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/


前綴

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/


詞尾

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ mei̯¹³/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ mei̯¹³/

(linguistic morphology) suffix; ending; termination


後綴

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² t͡sɵy̯³³/

/hɐu̯²² t͡sɵy̯²²/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² t͡sɵy̯³³/

/hɐu̯²² t͡sɵy̯²²/


連用

/li̯ɛn³⁵ jʊŋ⁵¹/

/liːn²¹ jʊŋ²²/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ jʊŋ⁵¹/

/liːn²¹ jʊŋ²²/

(Japanese grammar) The conjunctive form (連用形).


恕道

/ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


聯覺

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ kɔːk̚³/


主音

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


天干

→ Zhuang: diengan

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/

/tʰie¹¹ kæ̃¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/

/tʰie¹¹ kæ̃¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

heavenly stem: one of the ten terms used in East Asian cultures to represent

(historical or astrology) A day of the traditional ten-day week.

(mythology) One of the ten suns thought to appear in succession on its appointed day of the traditional week


地支

/ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² t͡si³³/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁴/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ki³³/

/ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² t͡si³³/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁴/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ki³³/

An earthly branch: one of the twelve terms used in East Asian cultures to represent

(astrology) The twelve animals representing the Chinese zodiac, particularly as a birthyear.


精神分裂病

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄈㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄈㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ

цзиншэнь фэньлебин

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ fən⁵⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ piŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹ fɐn⁵⁵ liːt̚² pɛːŋ²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ fən⁵⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ piŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹ fɐn⁵⁵ liːt̚² pɛːŋ²²/

精神分裂症 精神分裂症#Chinese

(psychiatry) Alternative name for 精神分裂症 (jīngshén fēnlièzhèng, “schizophrenia”).


主體

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/

(communism) Juche (calendar of North Korea)


黑道

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ taʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ taʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/


變格

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰiɪk̚⁵/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰiɪk̚⁵/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/


喌音

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


塞擦音

/sɤ⁵¹ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/sɤ⁵¹ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/


塞音

/saɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ im⁴⁴/

/saɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ im⁴⁴/

(phonetics) stop consonant; plosive consonant


擦音

/t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/


流音

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


響音

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


噝音

/siː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


噝音

/siː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

historical linguistics
historical linguistics


閃音

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

(phonetics) flap consonant, tap consonant


邊音

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/


內爆音

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² paːu̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² paːu̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/


擠喉音

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/


彈音

/tʰän³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ in⁵⁵/


顫音

/ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ in⁵⁵/


近音

/kɐn²² jɐm⁵⁵/

/kɐn²² jɐm⁵⁵/


失常

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ sœːŋ²¹/

/sit̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/sit̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/sit̚³²⁻⁵ siaŋ¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ sœːŋ²¹/

/sit̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/sit̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/sit̚³²⁻⁵ siaŋ¹³/

(medicine, psychology) abnormality; disorder


歐羅巴

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ paː⁵⁵/

/ɛu⁵⁵ l̃o⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βa⁵⁵/

/au⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/au³³ lo²⁴⁻²² pa³³/

/au⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/o³³ lo²⁴⁻²² pa³³/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ paː⁵⁵/

/ɛu⁵⁵ l̃o⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βa⁵⁵/

/au⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/au³³ lo²⁴⁻²² pa³³/

/au⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/o³³ lo²⁴⁻²² pa³³/

Formerly written as 歐邏巴／欧逻巴, which is borrowed from Latin Europa and first attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] by Matteo Ricci.

(Greek mythology) Europa (several characters, most notably a Phoenician princess abducted to Crete by Zeus)


眾數

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ sou̯³³/


調類

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ leɪ̯⁵¹/

It is essential to distinguish different tones when studying Chinese.

Xuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ diàolèi.

學習漢語發音一定要分清楚調類。

学习汉语发音一定要分清楚调类。

(linguistics) tone category; type of tone


轉注

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

六書

for the Chinese character classification

(linguistics) figurative extension of meaning

(Chinese character classification) Chinese characters that are "derivative cognates", appearing in the liùshū

指事

六書／六书 (liùshū, “The six types of Han characters”)


詞語

Sino-Xenic (詞語):
* → Vietnamese: từ ngữ (詞語)

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ jyː¹³/

/su²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/su¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡɯ⁵²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ jyː¹³/

/su²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/su¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡɯ⁵²/

(linguistics) word (general term including monosyllables through to short phrases)


漫遊

/män⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/maːn²² jɐu̯²¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/män⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/maːn²² jɐu̯²¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

旅遊

away from one's home for a particular purpose


口譯員

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(translation studies) interpreter (Classifier: 位 m)


上聲

/ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ³¹ saŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siã³³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩã³³/

/ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ³¹ saŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siã³³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩã³³/

Level tone is sad and stable. Rising tone is strident and rising. Departing tone is clear and distant. Entering tone is straight and abrupt.

early 9th century 元和韻譜 Yuanhe Yunpu; quoted and translated in Ting (1996).

Píngshēng āi ér ān, shǎngshēng lì ér jǔ, qùshēng qīng ér yuǎn, rùshēng zhí ér cù.

平聲哀而安，上聲厲而舉，去聲清而遠，入聲直而促。

平声哀而安，上声厉而举，去声清而远，入声直而促。

(Chinese phonetics) rising tone (one of the four tones in Middle Chinese, also a tone in various modern varieties, e.g. tone 3 (/˨˩˦/) in Standard Mandarin (marked with a caron [ ˇ ] in Hanyu Pinyin and bopomofo), tone 3 in Meixian Hakka (/˧˩/), and tone 2 in Xiamen/Taiwanese Hokkien (/˥˧/))


去聲

/t͡ɕʰy⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɵy̯³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siã³³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴ sən/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɵy̯³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siã³³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴ sən/

平聲哀而安，上聲厲而舉，去聲清而遠，入聲直而促。

平声哀而安，上声厉而举，去声清而远，入声直而促。

(Chinese phonetics) departing tone (one of the four tones in Middle Chinese, also a tone in various modern varieties, e.g. tone 4 (/˥˩/) in Standard Mandarin (marked with a grave accent [ ` ] in Hanyu Pinyin and bopomofo) and tone 4 in Meixian Hakka (/˥˧/))


輕聲

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰeŋ³³⁻²³ sĩã³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰeŋ³³⁻²³ sĩã³³/

The bo (蔔) in luóbo (蘿蔔, radish) needs to be read with a neutral tone.

「蘿蔔」的「蔔」要念輕聲。

「萝卜」的「卜」要念轻声。

(phonology) neutral tone; in Hanyu Pinyin usually left unmarked (or optionally marked with ·) and in bopomofo marked with ˙


女御

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/


會社

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²² sɛː¹³/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²² sɛː¹³/

Original senses attestable in Classical Chinese. In the sense of "company", reborrowed from Japanese 會社(かいしゃ) (kaisha).


入聲

/ʐu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐp̚² sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋip̚⁵ saŋ²⁴/

/zip̚⁴⁻³² siã⁴⁴/

/d͡zip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² siã⁴⁴/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² siã³³/

/ʐu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐp̚² sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋip̚⁵ saŋ²⁴/

/zip̚⁴⁻³² siã⁴⁴/

/d͡zip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² siã⁴⁴/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² siã³³/

平聲哀而安，上聲厲而舉，去聲清而遠，入聲直而促。

平声哀而安，上声厉而举，去声清而远，入声直而促。

(Chinese phonetics) entering tone (one of the four tones of Middle Chinese)


揚棄

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ hei̯³³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/iã³³⁻¹¹ kʰi¹¹/

/iã³³⁻²¹ kʰi²¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ hei̯³³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/iã³³⁻¹¹ kʰi¹¹/

/iã³³⁻²¹ kʰi²¹/


定語

/tiŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² jyː¹³/

/tiŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² jyː¹³/


詞目

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ mʊk̚²/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ mʊk̚²/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/


伏羲

Cf. 羲和 (“Xihe”), a solar goddess sometimes used as a personification of the sun.

伏犧
伏戲
庖羲
宓羲
虙羲
炮犧
庖犧
包犧
宓戲
虙戲

(Chinese mythology) Fuxi (a legendary ancient Chinese ruler and culture hero)


底層

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/

/tue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡san²⁴/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san¹³/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²³/

/toi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡saŋ⁵⁵/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/

/tue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡san²⁴/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san¹³/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²³/

/toi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡saŋ⁵⁵/


重音

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ jɐm⁵⁵/

(phonetics) accent (of a word); stress (on a syllable)


捲舌音

/t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ in⁵⁵/


複合詞

/fu⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/fu⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

(linguistics) compound word (word composed of others)


共同語言

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄩˇ ㄧㄢˊ

гунтун юйянь

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jyː¹³ jiːn²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jyː¹³ jiːn²¹/

(linguistics) common language; lingua franca


話語

/xu̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²² jyː¹³/

/ua²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/

/ua¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y⁴⁵³/

/ua²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y³³²/

/ue²²⁻²¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/ue³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/ua²¹ ɡu⁴⁴⁵/

/ɦo²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²² jyː¹³/

/ua²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/

/ua¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y⁴⁵³/

/ua²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y³³²/

/ue²²⁻²¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/ue³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/ua²¹ ɡu⁴⁴⁵/

/ɦo²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

(linguistics, translation studies) discourse


神山

Sino-Xenic (神山):
* → Japanese: 神(しん)山(ざん) (shinzan)
* → Korean: 신산(神山) (sinsan)

/ʂən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(mythology) mountain in which the immortals live


近義詞

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɐn²² jiː²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɐn²² jiː²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


公設

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːt̚³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛt̚³²/

/kɔŋ³³ siɛt̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛt̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛt̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛt̚³²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːt̚³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛt̚³²/

/kɔŋ³³ siɛt̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛt̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛt̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛt̚³²/


祭祖

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡su²¹³/

/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sou⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡su²¹³/

/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sou⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

to offer sacrifices to one's ancestors; to participate in ancestral sacrifices

(anthropology, religion) to participate in ancestor worship


謂語

/weɪ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²² jyː¹³/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ui⁴¹⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²² jyː¹³/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ui⁴¹⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/


正題

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/


限定詞

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄘˊ

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄘˊ

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/haːn²² tɪŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/haːn²² tɪŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/


表象

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/piːu̯³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/piːu̯³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

Reborrowing from Japanese 表象(ひょうしょう) (hyōshō).

ja-r

表象(ひょうしょう) (hyōshō)

(psychology, chiefly Mainland China) mental image


詞綴

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

(linguistic morphology) affix (bound morpheme added to a word’s stem)


雙子

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 双(ふた)子(ご) (futago)


媽祖

/mä⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ma⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sɔ⁴²/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/ma⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sou⁵²⁻²¹/

/mä⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ma⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sɔ⁴²/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/ma⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sou⁵²⁻²¹/

The Tianhou Temple located on Zhengyi Street, Magong City, Penghu County, commonly known as the “Tianfei Temple” or the “Mazu Temple”, known as “Niang Temple”, “Maninang Temple”, “Niangma Temple”, etc. during the Ming dynasty

2013?, "澎湖天后宫 (Penghu Tianhou Temple), 蚂蜂窝 (Mafengwo)

Tiānhòu Gōng wèiyú Pénghú Xiàn Mǎgōng Shì Zhèngyì Jiē shàng, súchēng ‘Tiānfēi Gōng’, ‘Māzǔ Gōng’, zài Míngdài chēngwéi ‘Niáng Gōng’, ‘Māniáng Gōng’, ‘Niángmā Gōng’ ‘Mā Gōng’ děng

天后宮位於澎湖縣馬公市正義街上，俗稱『天妃宮』、『媽祖宮』，在明代稱為『娘宮』、『媽娘宮』、『娘媽宮』『媽宮』等

天后宫位于澎湖县马公市正义街上，俗称『天妃宫』、『妈祖宫』，在明代称为『娘宫』、『妈娘宫』、『娘妈宫』『妈宫』等


語域

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

(linguistics, translation studies) register


狐狸精

/xu³⁵ li³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ lei̯²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ l̃i⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒiaŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡siã³³/

/hɔ¹³⁻²² li¹³⁻²² t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hɔ²³⁻³³ li²³⁻³³ t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sĩã³³/

/ɦu²² li⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/xu³⁵ li³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ lei̯²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ l̃i⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒiaŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡siã³³/

/hɔ¹³⁻²² li¹³⁻²² t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hɔ²³⁻³³ li²³⁻³³ t͡siã⁴⁴/

/hou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sĩã³³/

/ɦu²² li⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

(Chinese mythology) hulijing; fox spirit