姓

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (姓):
* → Japanese: 姓(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 성(姓) (seong)
* → Vietnamese: tính (姓)

→ Khmer: សែ (sae)

→ Thai: แซ่ (sɛ̂ɛ)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sleŋs): semantic 女 (“woman; female”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).
Specialised form of 性 (xìng): “human nature; what is inborn” > “surname; clan name”.

Han compound

the Party's media must follow the Party's will

黨媒姓黨

党媒姓党

follow the capitalist way or follow the socialist way

姓資姓社

姓资姓社

2014, 周佳凡 (Zhou Jiafan), 《深圳坪山占米话研究》 (thesis), Xiamen: Xiamen University, page I

Wǒmen de yánjiū bìngfēi yào jízhe zhēnglùn tā jiūjìng xìng “kè” háishì xìng “yuè”, wǒmen gèng gǎn xìngqù de shì zhè zhǒng hùnhéyǔ jiūjìng shì rúhé xíngchéng de.

我們的研究並非要急著爭論它究竟姓「客」還是姓「粵」，我們更感興趣的是這種混合語究竟是如何形成的。

我们的研究并非要急着争论它究竟姓「客」还是姓「粤」，我们更感兴趣的是这种混合语究竟是如何形成的。

2020 November 28, 《以考古之光 照亮文明深处与细节——中国考古与历史主题新书访谈》, in 《光明日报》 [Guangming Daily], →ISSN, page 09

Háiyǒu yī diǎn zhídé shuō de shì, Huáng Hé “xìng huáng”, Huáng Hé bìjìng liújīng Huángtǔ Gāoyuán, méiyǒu bìyào zhuīqiú juéduì de qīngchè.

還有一點值得說的是，黃河「姓黃」，黃河畢竟流經黃土高原，沒有必要追求絕對的清澈。

还有一点值得说的是，黄河「姓黄」，黄河毕竟流经黄土高原，没有必要追求绝对的清澈。

(figurative, often officialese) to belong to; to be classified as


竄

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰueŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰueŋ²¹³/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 鼠 (“mouse”) + 穴 (“hole”) – to hide in a hole.
Related to 鑽 (OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns, “to bore, perforate”), with semantic shift "to bore" > "to hide (in a bored-out area)" > "to go into exile" (STEDT).

改觀

to change appearance, to change one's view

A few facts about Pelosi's "sneaky" visit to Taiwan

2022, Xinhua News Agency, http://www.xinhuanet.com/2022-08/25/c_1128944443.htm

佩洛西竄臺的若干事實

佩洛西窜台的若干事实

Counter-measures against Tsai Ing-wen's "sneaky" visit are necessary and correct

2023, People's Daily, http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2023-04/10/content_25974729.htm

zhēnduì Cài Yīngwén cuàn Měi cǎiqǔ fǎnzhì cuòshī bìyào qiě zhèngdāng

針對蔡英文竄美採取反制措施必要且正當

针对蔡英文窜美采取反制措施必要且正当

(neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng)


遺憾

/wɐi̯²¹ hɐm²²/

/ui²³⁻³³ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham⁴¹/

/ui¹³⁻²² ham²²/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i¹³⁻²² ham²²/

/wɐi̯²¹ hɐm²²/

/ui²³⁻³³ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham⁴¹/

/ui¹³⁻²² ham²²/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i¹³⁻²² ham²²/

(diplomacy, officialese) regrettable; unfortunate (indicating discontent, protest or apology)


神聖不可侵犯

ㄕㄣˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ ㄑㄧㄣ ㄈㄢˋ

шэньшэн букэ циньфань

/ʂən³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ sɪŋ³³ pɐt̚⁵ hɔː³⁵ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ faːn²²/

The Diaoyu Island (Senkaku Islands) and its affiliated islands have been our country (China)'s sacred territory since ancient times.

Diàoyúdǎo zìgǔyǐlái jiùshì wǒguó shénshèng bùkě qīnfàn de lǐngtǔ.

釣魚島自古以來就是我國神聖不可侵犯的領土。

钓鱼岛自古以来就是我国神圣不可侵犯的领土。

(law, officialese, of property, territory, sovereignty) sacred and inviolable; holy and inviolable; sacrosanctity

territory; sovereignty; territory; sovereignty


正能量

ㄓㄥˋ ㄋㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄤˋ

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ nɐŋ²¹ lœːŋ²²/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ nɐŋ²¹ lœːŋ²²/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵/

(neologism, officialese) positive energy; positivity; something which encourages people to have faith in the face of adversities


中國特色

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄙㄜˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ tɐk̚² sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹ dəʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ tɐk̚² sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹ dəʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

中國特色社會主義

中国特色社会主义

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

Xí Jìnpíng xīn shídài Zhōngguó tèsè shèhuì zhǔyì sīxiǎng

習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想


黨和國家領導人

ㄉㄤˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄉㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ

dǎng hé guójiā lǐngdǎorén [Phonetic:dǎnghéguójiālíngdǎorén]

дан хэ гоцзя линдаожэнь

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/tɔːŋ³⁵ wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵ lɪŋ¹³ tou̯²² jɐn²¹/

(officialese) Party and State Leaders of the Communist Party of China


新中國

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

慶祝新中國成立

庆祝新中国成立

In the early days after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, China was impoverished, with great number of things waiting to be rebuilt and tasks to be undertaken.

Xīnzhōngguó chénglì zhī chū, Zhōngguó yīqióng'èrbái, bǎifèidàixīng.

新中國成立之初，中國一窮二白，百廢待興。

新中国成立之初，中国一穷二白，百废待兴。

(Mainland China, officialese) “new China” (i.e. referring to China after the establishment of the PRC in 1949); postrevolutionary China


高級黑

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵/

Coordinate term: 低級紅 /低级红

(slang or officialese) hidden criticism; creative language used to criticize


打虎拍蠅

desc

đả hổ đập ruồi

→ Vietnamese: đả hổ diệt ruồi, đả hổ đập ruồi (calque) (calque)

ㄉㄚˇ ㄏㄨˇ ㄆㄞ ㄧㄥˊ

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

(neologism, officialese) to crack down on both “tigers” and “flies” ― corrupt government officials at both higher and lower levels


胡伯伯

/xu³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³/

/xu³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³/

2021 May 19, 仁建, 《學習無止境奮鬥不止步——訪第五郡教師模範與共青團優秀書記蔡鎮壕》, in 《西貢解放日報》, page 2

Hú Bóbo céng yán dào: “Qīngnián yào nǔlì xuéxí, bùduàn tígāo zhèngzhì, wénhuà hé jìlǜ shuǐpíng yǐ fúwù guójiā, fúwù rénmín.” Běn shì huáqīng Cài Zhènháo duōnián lái zài shùrén yǔ gòngqīngtuán gōngzuò shàng, jījí fènfā, lìqiú shàngjìn, qièshí zuò dào xiàng Hú Bóbo shàngshù suǒ yán de jǐ diǎn.

胡伯伯曾言道：「青年要努力學習，不斷提高政治、文化和紀律水平以服務國家、服務人民。」本市華青蔡鎮壕多年來在樹人與共青團工作上，積極奮發、力求上進，切實做到像胡伯伯上述所言的幾點。

胡伯伯曾言道：「青年要努力学习，不断提高政治、文化和纪律水平以服务国家、服务人民。」本市华青蔡镇壕多年来在树人与共青团工作上，积极奋发、力求上进，切实做到像胡伯伯上述所言的几点。

(chiefly Vietnam, officialese) “Uncle Ho” (an epithet for the Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh)


送溫暖

ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄨㄣ ㄋㄨㄢˇ

сун вэньнуань

/sʊŋ⁵¹ wən⁵⁵ nu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ³³ wɐn⁵⁵ nyːn¹³/

/sʊŋ⁵¹ wən⁵⁵ nu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ³³ wɐn⁵⁵ nyːn¹³/

(officialese) to send help (to the needy); to provide assistance (to those in financial difficulty)


提出嚴正交涉

→ English: lodge solemn representation (calque)

ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄨ ㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄕㄜˋ

тичу яньчжэн цзяошэ

/tʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

(diplomacy, officialese) A phrase for expressing official government or diplomatic discontent, displeasure or serious displeasure


紀檢

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(officialese) to inspect discipline (of a party, group, etc.)


多快好省

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄠˇ ㄕㄥˇ

докуайхаошэн

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From the slogan proposed by Mao Zedong in the Great Leap Forward Movement

Go all out; aim high; achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results in building socialism

gǔ zú gànjìn, lì zhēng shàngyóu, duōkuàihǎoshĕng de jiànshè shèhuìzhǔyì

鼓足幹勁、力爭上游、多快好省地建設社會主義

鼓足干劲、力争上游、多快好省地建设社会主义

(officialese) greater, faster, better and more economical


打砸搶燒

ㄉㄚˇ ㄗㄚˊ ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄕㄠ

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(often officialese) to assault, vandalise, loot and commit arson; to burn and loot


高大全

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

(officialese, of a model character) lofty, great and perfect


樹新風

/ʂu⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/syː²² sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/syː²² sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(officialese) to set a new and positive atmosphere


共克時艱

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄢ

гункэшицзянь

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ²² hɐk̚⁵ siː²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ²² hɐk̚⁵ siː²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

2020 July 29, 《总结抗击非典经验 促进改革发展稳定》, in People's Daily, →ISSN

[…]shèhuì gè fāngmiàn tuánjiéyīzhì, qíxīnxiélì, yīfāng yǒunàn, bāfāng zhīyuán, xíngchéng le gòngkèshíjiān de qiángdà hélì; […]

[…]社會各方面團結一致、齊心協力，一方有難、八方支援，形成了共克時艱的強大合力；[…]

[…]社会各方面团结一致、齐心协力，一方有难、八方支援，形成了共克时艰的强大合力；[…]

(neologism, officialese) to overcome the present difficulties in a spirit of unity


中華民族偉大復興

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥ

zung¹ waa⁴ man⁴ zuk⁶ wai⁵ daai⁶ fuk⁶ hing¹

Chung¹-hua² min²-tsu² wei³-ta⁴ fu⁴-hsing¹

Чжунхуа миньцзу вэйда фусин

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ min³⁵ t͡su³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

dzung¹ waa⁴ man⁴ dzuk⁹ wai⁵ daai⁶ fuk⁹ hing¹

zung¹ wa⁴ men⁴ zug⁶ wei⁵ dai⁶ fug⁶ hing¹

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹ mɐn²¹ t͡sʊk̚² wɐi̯¹³ taːi̯²² fʊk̚² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, officialese) the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation


中國人民的老朋友

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄌㄠˇ ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ

zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ man⁴ dik¹ lou⁵ ping⁴ jau⁵

Chung¹-kuo² jên²-min² tê⁵ lao³-pʻêng²-yu⁵

Чжунго жэньминь дэ лаопэнъю

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ d̥ə³ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

dzung¹ gwok⁸ jan⁴ man⁴ dik⁷ lou⁵ ping⁴ jau⁵

zung¹ guog³ yen⁴ men⁴ dig¹ lou⁵ ping⁴ yeo⁵

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ tɪk̚⁵ lou̯¹³ pʰɪŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

(Mainland China, officialese) old friend(s) of the Chinese people (official parlance for world leaders who have visited China and shown their support for the country)


傷害中國人民的感情

ㄕㄤ ㄏㄞˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄍㄢˇ ㄑㄧㄥˊ

soeng¹ hoi⁶ zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ man⁴ dik¹ gam² cing⁴

shang¹-hai⁴ Chung¹-kuo² jên²-min² tê⁵ kan³-chʻing²

шанхай Чжунго жэньминь дэ ганьцин

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ d̥ə³ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

sēung hoih jūng gwok yàhn màhn dīk gám chìhng

soeng¹ hoi⁶ dzung¹ gwok⁸ jan⁴ man⁴ dik⁷ gam² tsing⁴

sêng¹ hoi⁶ zung¹ guog³ yen⁴ men⁴ dig¹ gem² qing⁴

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ tɪk̚⁵ kɐm³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

(Mainland China, officialese) to "hurt the feelings of the Chinese people" (a phrase for registering national displeasure)


打砸搶

ㄉㄚˇ ㄗㄚˊ ㄑㄧㄤˇ

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taː³⁵ t͡saːp̚³ t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taː³⁵ t͡saːp̚³ t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵/

acts of smashing and grabbing are strictly forbidden

嚴禁打砸搶

严禁打砸抢

(often officialese) to beat, smash, and loot


一小撮

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːt̚³/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːt̚³/

一小撮反革命

Save for a handful of reactionaries, the people of contemporary China are all successors in the revolutionary cause to which Dr. Sun Yat-sen dedicated himself.

1956, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《紀念孫中山先生》 (In Commemoration of Dr. Sun Yat-sen), 《毛澤東選集·第五卷》 (Selected Works of Mao Zedong: Volume V) (1977). English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Xiàndài Zhōngguórén, chúle yīxiǎocuō fǎndòng fènzǐ yǐwài, dōu shì Sūn xiānsheng gémìng shìyè de jìchéngzhě.

現代中國人，除了一小撮反動分子以外，都是孫先生革命事業的繼承者。

现代中国人，除了一小撮反动分子以外，都是孙先生革命事业的继承者。

(figuratively, officialese) a handful (of bad elements)


一不怕苦，二不怕死

ㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄚˋ ㄎㄨˇ

ㄦˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄚˋ ㄙˇ

/i⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ pʰä⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ pʰä⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

A slogan circulated in the People's Liberation Army and popularized by Mao Zedong.

(officialese) to fear neither hardship nor death


兩不怕

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄚˋ

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ pʰä⁵¹/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ pʰä⁵¹/

一不怕苦，二不怕死 一不怕苦，二不怕死#Chinese

(officialese) Synonym of 一不怕苦，二不怕死 (yī bùpà kǔ, èr bùpà sǐ, “to fear neither hardship nor death”)


四有

/sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

; Slogan of the Communist Party of China

(Mainland China, officialese) Short for 有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀律／有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 (“with lofty ideals, moral integrity, good education and a strong sense of discipline”).


社會主義核心價值觀

ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚˋ ㄓˊ ㄍㄨㄢ

se⁵ wui⁶⁻² zyu² ji⁶ hat⁶ sam¹ gaa³ zik⁶ gun¹

shê⁴-hui⁴ chu³-i⁴ ho²-hsin¹ chia⁴-chih²-kuan¹

шэхуэй чжуи хэсинь цзячжигуань

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

se⁵ wui⁶⁻² dzy² ji⁶ hat⁹ sam¹ gaa³ dzik⁹ gun¹

sé⁵ wui⁶⁻² ju² yi⁶ hed⁶ sem¹ ga³ jig⁶ gun¹

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² hɐt̚² sɐm⁵⁵ kaː³³ t͡sɪk̚² kuːn⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, officialese) Core Socialist Values


反腐倡廉

ㄈㄢˇ ㄈㄨˇ ㄔㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ

фаньфучанлянь

/fän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/faːn³⁵ fuː²² t͡sʰœːŋ³³ liːm²¹/

/fän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/faːn³⁵ fuː²² t͡sʰœːŋ³³ liːm²¹/

(neologism, politics, officialese) to fight corruption and uphold integrity; to fight corruption and build a clean government


頂層設計

ㄉㄧㄥˇ ㄘㄥˊ ㄕㄜˋ ㄐㄧˋ

динцэн шэцзи

/tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

(politics, neologism, officialese) top-level design, i.e. having the central leadership devise a systematic overall plan and coordinate the nation's reforms


工匠精神

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ

гунцзян цзиншэнь

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

(neologism, often officialese) craftsman's spirit; craftsmanship


修例風波

ㄒㄧㄡ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄥ ㄅㄛ

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵/

(neologism, HK politics, often officialese) 2019–20 Hong Kong protests


反修例

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

2021, Legislative Council Panel on Education, “LC Paper No. CB(4)924/20-21(01)”, in Documents of the Hong Kong Legislative Council, page 1:

Since the ‘anti-extradition amendment bill’ incidents in 2019, the Education Bureau (EDB) has received considerable number of complaints about suspected professional misconduct of teachers. This paper aims to brief Members of the progress of handling these by the EDB and the recommendations on further upholding the professionalism of teachers.

Zì 2019 nián fǎnxiūlì shìjiàn yǐlái, jiàoyùjú shōudào bùshào guānyú jiàoshī shèxián wéifǎn zhuānyè cāoshǒu de tóusù, běn wénjiàn zhǐzài xiàng wěiyuánhuì huìbào jiàoyù jú chùlǐ zhèxiē gè'àn de jìnzhǎn, yǐjí jìnyībù wéihù jiàoshī zhuānyè de jiànyì.

自2019年反修例事件以來，教育局收到不少關於教師涉嫌違反專業操守的投訴，本文件旨在向委員會匯報教育局處理這些個案的進展，以及進一步維護教師專業的建議。

自2019年反修例事件以来，教育局收到不少关于教师涉嫌违反专业操守的投诉，本文件旨在向委员会汇报教育局处理这些个案的进展，以及进一步维护教师专业的建议。

(HK politics, neologism, often officialese) to be opposed to the introduction of the 2019 Hong Kong extradition bill; to be anti-extradition


歷史虛無主義

ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ ㄒㄩ ㄨˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

лиши сюйу чжуи

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵⁵ u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

(Mainland China, officialese) revisionist historiography


人類命運共同體

ㄖㄣˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄧˇ

жэньлэй минъюнь гунтунти

/ʐən³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Mainland China, officialese) community with a shared future for humanity


興軍

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, officialese) to rejuvenate the military


竄訪

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹ fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹ fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Coined by Qin Gang, the then spokesperson of the Chinese Foreign Ministry [2006] who became the Foreign Minister in 2022. Popularized since Pelosi's visit to Taiwan in 2022.

Six crimes of Pelosi's "sneaky" visit to Taiwan

佩洛西竄訪臺灣六宗罪

佩洛西窜访台湾六宗罪

(Mainland China, derogatory, officialese, of a separatist) to visit "sneakily"

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China


勸和促談

ㄑㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄢˊ

цюаньхэцутань

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

(neologism, officialese) to promote peace and talks


案據

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

(literary, officialese) Used when quoting subordinates: according to


人民性

ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

沒有人民性就沒有黨性

没有人民性就没有党性

(Mainland China, officialese) character of the people


創城

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(Mainland China, officialese) Short for 創建全國文明城市／创建全国文明城市 (chuàngjiàn quánguó wénmíng chéngshì, “to establish a national civilized city”).


刀把子

/tɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tou̯⁵⁵ paː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tou̯⁵⁵ paː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(officialese, figurative) law enforcement agencies; court, police and corrections


傷害中華民族的感情

ㄕㄤ ㄏㄞˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄗㄨˊ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄍㄢˇ ㄑㄧㄥˊ

soeng¹ hoi⁶ zung¹ waa⁴ man⁴ zuk⁶ dik¹ gam² cing⁴

shang¹-hai⁴ Chung¹-hua² min²-tsu² tê⁵ kan³-chʻing²

шанхай Чжунхуа миньцзу дэ ганьцин

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ min³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d̥ə³ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

sēung hoih jūng wàh màhn juhk dīk gám chìhng

soeng¹ hoi⁶ dzung¹ waa⁴ man⁴ dzuk⁹ dik⁷ gam² tsing⁴

sêng¹ hoi⁶ zung¹ wa⁴ men⁴ zug⁶ dig¹ gem² qing⁴

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹ mɐn²¹ t͡sʊk̚² tɪk̚⁵ kɐm³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

(Mainland China, officialese) to "hurt the feelings of the Chinese nation" (a phrase for registering national displeasure)


傷害14億人民感情

伤害14亿人民感情
傷害十四億人民感情

ㄕㄤ ㄏㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄧˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄢˇ ㄑㄧㄥˊ

soeng¹ hoi⁶ sap⁶ sei³ jik¹ jan⁴ man⁴ gam² cing⁴

shang¹-hai⁴ shih²-ssŭ⁴ i⁴ jên²-min² kan³-chʻing²

шанхай шисы и жэньминь ганьцин

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

sēung hoih sahp sei yīk yàhn màhn gám chìhng

soeng¹ hoi⁶ sap⁹ sei³ jik⁷ jan⁴ man⁴ gam² tsing⁴

sêng¹ hoi⁶ seb⁶ séi³ yig¹ yen⁴ men⁴ gem² qing⁴

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²² sɐp̚² sei̯³³ jɪk̚⁵ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kɐm³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

(Mainland China, officialese) to "hurt the feelings of 1.4 billion people" (a phrase for registering national displeasure)


兩個維護

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˋ

Лян Гэ Вэйху

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴ weɪ̯³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴ weɪ̯³⁵ xu⁵¹/


兩個確立

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄧˋ

Лян Гэ Цюэли

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/


四個自信

ㄙˋ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄣˋ

Сы Гэ Цзысинь

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕin⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕin⁵¹/

(officialese) Four matters of Confidence


四個意識

ㄙˋ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄧˋ ㄕˊ

ㄙˋ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄧˋ ㄕˋ

ㄙˋ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄧˋ ˙ㄕ

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ g̊ə¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


止暴制亂

ㄓˇ ㄅㄠˋ ㄓˋ ㄌㄨㄢˋ

чжибаочжилуань

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ pou̯²² t͡sɐi̯³³ lyːn²²/

/t͡siː³⁵ pou̯²² t͡sɐi̯³³ lyːn²²/

(Hong Kong, politics, officialese) to end violence and control unrest


山地同胞

ㄕㄢ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄠ

шаньди тунбао

/ʂän⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan, historical, officialese) Taiwanese indigenous peoples


大事記

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/


國進民退

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨㄟˋ

гоцзиньминьтуй

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ min³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ min³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(officialese) state enterprises advance, while the private sector retreats


和諧社會

ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

/xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(Mainland China, officialese) Harmonious Society (a socioeconomic concept recognized as a response to the increasing alleged social injustice and inequality emerging in mainland China)


臺灣臺語

台湾台语
臺灣台語
台灣台語

ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄊㄞˊ ㄩˇ

Тайвань Тайюй

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ jyː¹³/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ van¹¹ tʰoi̯¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ uan²³⁻³³ tai²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ uan²⁴⁻¹¹ tai²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ jyː¹³/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ van¹¹ tʰoi̯¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ uan²³⁻³³ tai²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ uan²⁴⁻¹¹ tai²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

Taiwan is a multicultural, multilingual country. For instance, Taiwan Taiwanese (the term used by the current curriculum) is second only to Mandarin in number of speakers and frequency of use

2019 February 22, 《國家語言發展法》—改善語言斷層危機、尊重多元文化發展, Executive Yuan

Táiwān wéi duōyuán yǔyán wénhuà guójiā, rú Táiwān Táiyǔ (xiànxíng kègāng shǐyòng zhī míngchēng) shì jǐn cìyú Huáyǔ shǐyòng lǜ hé rénshù zuìduō de yǔyán

臺灣為多元語言文化國家，如臺灣台語（現行課綱使用之名稱）是僅次於華語使用率和人數最多的語言

台湾为多元语言文化国家，如台湾台语（现行课纲使用之名称）是仅次于华语使用率和人数最多的语言

It was revealed that the usage of Taiwan Taiwanese dropped nearly 60% after three generations

xiǎnshì Táiwān Táiyǔ sān dài zhījiān de shǐyòng lǜ jiàngle jìn 6 chéng

顯示臺灣台語三代之間的使用率降了近6成

显示台湾台语三代之间的使用率降了近6成

2024 July 27, 閩南語正名臺灣台語 客家人不滿文化部論壇, PTS

Kok-ka gí-giân hoat-tián hōe-gī, 27 Tâi-pak kí-pān tē-it tiûⁿ ê “Tâi-oân Tâi-gí pak-khu lūn-tôaⁿ”. Chái-khí tī-leh hōe-gī chìn-chêng, ū chē-chē Kheh-ka hiong-chhin kàu gōa-kháu, khòng-gī hōe-gī bô Kheh-gí, Goân-chū-bîn-gí choan-tiûⁿ, iā phoe-phêng Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kā Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí, kài chòe Tâi-oân Tâi-gí.

國家語言發展會議，27台北舉辦第一場的「臺灣台語北區論壇」。早起佇咧會議進前，有濟濟客家鄉親到外口，抗議會議無客語、原住民-語專場，也批評教育部共臺灣閩南語、改做臺灣台語。

2024 July 27, 閩南語正名臺灣台語 客家人不滿文化部論壇, PTS

国家语言发展会议，27台北举办第一场的「台湾台语北区论坛」。早起伫咧会议进前，有济济客家乡亲到外口，抗议会议无客语、原住民-语专场，也批评教育部共台湾闽南语、改做台湾台语。

(Taiwan, officialese) Taiwanese Hokkien; Taiwanese