赤

→ Proto-Mien: *sekᴰ (“red”)

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Characters in the same phonetic series (赤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 大 (“person, big”) + 火 (“fire”) – the color of fire (a person by a fire). The original version is 𤆍.
The man on top is simplified as 土 as in 去 and 走 (< 𧺆). The fire is stylized as well, but an intermediate and obsolete variant is 灻.
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qrak (“blood; red”), whence Tibetan ཁྲག (khrag, “blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Related to 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ, “bright red”) and possibly 奭 (OC *hjaɡ, “majestic; red”).

Han compound

赤化

(politics) revolutionary; communist; red


㓤

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


假

→ Lingao: ke¹ (via Hainanese)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).
; “to borrow; false”
: Cognate with Tibetan ཀར་སྐྱིན (kar skyin, “loan; thing borrowed”). An allofam is probably 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ, “to hire”).

cog

假王

假丞相

(historical, politics) to delegate an acting position to


刺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ): phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tshyar ~ *g-zyar (“thorn, nail, tack”) (provisional) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཚེར་མ (tsher ma, “thorn, thorn bush”), གཟེར་བ (gzer ba, “to bore into”), and གཟེར (gzer, “nail”) (Schuessler, 2007).
刺 (OC *tsekh) "attack, satirize" (Zuozhuan) < "criticize" (Shijing) < lit. "cause to be stabbed" is exopassive/exoactive derivation of 刺 (OC *tsek) "pierce, stab" (ibid.); 朿 (OC tsʰie^C) "thorn" (SW) is Han period's general tone-C derivation of 刺 (OC *tsʰiek) (ibid.)

cog

(fencing) to thrust; to attack the opponent at an area parallel to the weapon's length

假直刺


劈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰeːɡ): phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).
Note similarities to Tagalog biyák (“split, crack”) and Burmese ပျက် (pyak, “to be destroyed”).

Han compound

(fencing) to cut; to deliver an attack with a chopping motion, landing on the edge or tip of the weapon

複雜還擊劈

复杂还击劈


右

Burmese language
Jingpho language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Tibetan language

Originally 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) in the oracle bone script.
In bronze inscriptions, a 口 (“mouth; speech”) component was added, perhaps with the intention of indicating the use of 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) as a phonetic loan. In other words, the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(j/r)a (“right (hand)”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཡས (g.yas, “right”), Jingpho hkra (khʒa⁵⁵, “right”), Burmese ယာ (ya), ညာ (nya).
友 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “be friendly; friend”) is the endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to aid”), 祐 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “(of divinity) to assist; to bless”), 宥 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to pardon; magnanimous”) are exoactive derivations of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (ibid.).
; “(politics) right-wing”

liushu

OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs

och-l

右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)

右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)


團

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (團):
* → Vietnamese: đoàn (團)

→ Lü: ᦒᦸᧃᧉ (thoan²)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doːn): semantic 囗 + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).


壕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡaːw): semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).


將

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ, “bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute. Besides pronunciation, 爿 may partly indicate a small cutting board and/or sacrificial table on which the meat is placed. The sacrificial meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).
A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.
; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
; anteposed object introductory particle


左

Originally written 𠂇 and 䶹 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare 又 (“right hand”).
Late bronze inscription forms show an added 工 (“work; to assist?”) component, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 𠂇 (“left hand”) + semantic 工 (“work”), representing the original form of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).
Cognate with 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (“left (hand)”) (STEDT).
; “(politics) left-wing”


帥

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.
Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

cog

The Master said: "The three armies' commander can be seized. The common man's will cannot be deprived."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Sānjūn kě duó shuài yě, pǐfū bùkě duó zhì yě.”

子曰：「三軍可奪帥也，匹夫不可奪志也。」

子曰：「三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。」

If the king appoints respected officers as commanders, there will be harmony in the military.

Shàng shuài shì yǐ rén zhī suǒ dài, zé shàngxià hé.

上帥士以人之所戴，則上下和。

上帅士以人之所戴，则上下和。

五年... 秋八月，方叔帥師伐荊蠻

4th cent. BC, 《竹書紀年》 (Bamboo Annals), s.v. "周宣王" (Xuan King)

Year 5 [c. 820 BC]... Autumn, Month 8: "Uncle" Fang led a force to slaughter the Jingman.

(military) to command; to lead (and give orders to); to designate


師

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (師):
* → Japanese: 師(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(師) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: sư (師)

→ Vietnamese: thầy

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𠂤 (“mound, hill”) + 帀 – ancient troops were usually stationed at a hill.
Each of the two components can be used as 師 on their own in preclassical scripts. The significance of 帀 is debated. See also 官 and 追.
Starostin derives this word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rij (“many”), cognate with 皆 (OC *kriːj, “all”), 偕 (OC *kriːj, “together with”), as well as Tibetan ཁྲི (khri, “ten thousand”) and Burmese ရဲ (rai:, “police”).

Han compound

师
𠦵
𠵀
𢂖
𢃋
𨸲
𨸴
𩇱

We went along on foot; we rode in our chariots; our 2500-strong regiment, and our 500-strong battalions.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

我徒我御，我師我旅。

我徒我御，我师我旅。

(historical, military) division of 2500 soldiers

(military) division; a large body of troops composing part of an army


排

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *brɯːl): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) – to place in line.
Note resemblance to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/m-ba ~ *s/m-baːy (“to throw”), whence Burmese ပယ် (pai, “to reject, disqualify”).


撻

挞
挞
挞
挞
挞
躂
挞

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, archery) leather grip at the nocking point in a bow string


操

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰaːw, *sʰaːws): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws).


旅

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 㫃 (“flag”) + 从 (“together”) – brigade. Hence, the original version is 𣃨.
The top component of the character is unrelated to 每, 伤, 复, 乞 as well as 人.
;anything lined up in a regular fashion > one after another > line up in a row, set forth; troops, multitude
;guest, stranger, lodging


次

Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sn̥ʰis): phonetic 二 (OC *njis, “two”) + semantic 欠. Given that the right part of the character depicts a man kneeling with an open mouth, the number two perhaps indicates "two people speaking".
As an alternative, the two horizontal traits 二 are the representation of some saliva spitted while speaking; hence, the act of speaking is represented without a reference to blown air or breathing (e.g., 曰, 丂, 于, 只). The original meaning was "to consult", 咨. Perhaps related to 㳄, which means "saliva"; however, this is not the original version of the character, but a variant.
Given that the character started meaning "following; inferior (to)", the component 二 in this second translation adds part of the meaning if interpreted as a number.
In all cases, the Kangxi radical "Ice" is a false friend of either "Number two" or two drops representing saliva; however, in some fonts, it is still possible to see 二. An old variant of the character is 𣄭.
Probably from *s- + 二 (OC *njis, “two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-ni-s (Pulleyblank, 1962; Sagart and Baxter, 2012; STEDT).

Han compound

Spring, the first month (of Zhou calendar), the armies of Lu were stationed at Lang to await those of Chen and Cai.

Chūn wáng zhēngyuè, shī cì yú Láng, yǐ sì Chénrén, Càirén.

春王正月，師次于郎，以俟陳人、蔡人。

春王正月，师次于郎，以俟陈人、蔡人。

Wáng chū Sānjiāng àn Wǔhú, lóuchuán kuàhǎi cì Yángdū.

王出三江按五湖，樓船跨海次揚都。

王出三江按五湖，楼船跨海次扬都。

(archaic, military) to station the troops at some place; to hold position at some place


步

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 止 (“foot”) + 止 (“foot”) reversed – one foot in front of the other. Compare: 夅, 舛, other characters deriving from "two feet". See also the inner component of 歲. Unrelated to 少.

歨
𣥕
歩
𡵯
𰰦
𣥗
𣥶
𩣝


殿

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (殿):
* → Vietnamese: điện (殿)

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tɯːns, *dɯːns): phonetic 𡱂 (OC *duːn) + semantic 殳 (“hand holding a weapon”) – the sound of hitting (not attested in ancient documents).
Chi (2010) considers the character to be developed from 𠂤 (“buttocks”); 尸 (“body”) and 丌 (“pedestal”) are added to form 𡱂 (“buttocks”), and 殳 is added to emphasize the meaning of “hitting the buttocks”.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“buttocks; heel; dull; blunt; rounded part”). Compare Jingpho shatin (“buttocks”). Related to 臀 (OC *duːn, “buttocks”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Whether “lofty building” is related is unclear; Chi (2010) suggests that it is a semantic extension of “buttocks”, which are elevated from the ground.

inh

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, military) rear


營

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷeŋ): abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + abbreviated semantic 宮 (“palace”), depicting a person working all night with a light on his house.


班

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (班):
* → Japanese: 班(はん) (han)
* → Korean: 반(班) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: ban (班)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 珏 (“pieces of jade”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut jade to pieces with knife. The pieces of jade appear as a more conservative version 玨. The knife in the middle is well visibile in the conservative variant 𤤻. Unrelated to 师.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ral (“to leave, depart, separate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲལ་བ (bral ba, “to be separated”), འཕྲལ་བ ('phral ba, “to cause to be separated, to separate”), Miju phɑ̆l⁵³ (“to pull (weeds)”), phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵ (“to collapse”), Thulung phal si- (“to collapse”), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “various”), Jingpho pə³¹-ran³¹.
Karlgren (1933) grouped 班 (OC *praːn), 半 (OC *paːns), and 釆 (OC *brens) into one word family.
Schuessler (2007) also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as Khmer រាល (riəl, “to spread, extend, distribute”) and Khmer ព្រាល (priəl, “to spread”) with causative prefix *p-.
Possibly the same etymon as 斑 (OC *praːn, “variegated, spotted, striped”), which may be cognate to 羆 (OC *pral, “brown bear”) (Zhang, 2019).


環

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (環):
* → Japanese: 環(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 환(環) (hwan)
* → Vietnamese: hoàn (環)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷraːn): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ).
Note similarities to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *hwaŋ (“to encircle; circular, fence”), whence Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “enclosure, compound”).


盾

Pictogram (象形) — a shield (in the oracle bone script). Note that under the 𠂆 is not 直 - one less stroke here. See also 古, perhaps a differentiation of 盾.
; “shield”
; “dong”
; “guilder; gulden; rupiah”


矢

Pictogram (象形) – an arrow. More recognizable in older forms. Compare 畀 and 至. See also the bottom component of 睪 and the original versions of 弗 and 𢦏.
; arrow
; to swear, to vow

The way to Zhou was like a whetstone,
And straight as an arrow.

周道如砥，其直如矢。


箭

→ Vietnamese: tên

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔslens): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 前 (OC *zleːn).

Han compound

(archery, weaponry) arrow (Classifier: 支 m c mn)


紮

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsriːd): phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

(military) to be stationed; to encamp; to be quartered (of troops)


綠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *roɡ): semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”).
Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”).
For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).

zh-l

綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn)

綠營

绿营

(politics) related to the pro-independence pan-Green coalition of Taiwan


縱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs): semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs).

Han compound

(military) Short for 縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì, “column corps”).


藍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (藍):
* → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
* → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
* → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)

White Hmong: nkaj

→ Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)

Thai: คราม (kraam)

Lao: ຄາມ (khām)

Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)

→ Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)

Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)

Zhuang: romj, goromj

→? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)

Muong: chàm

Vietnamese: chàm

→ Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)

→ Zhuang: lamz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·raːm): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.
Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

cog

Burmese ခရမ်း (hka.ram:, “purple, violet”)

(politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan


連

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 辶 (“to walk”) + 車 (“chariot”) – man-drawn carriage.
According to Duan Yucai, 聯 /联 (lián) and 連 are two characters for a same word, with the former used in the Zhou dynasty and the latter in the Han dynasty.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjan (“equal; to place in a row; to align; row”); related to 聯 (OC *ɡ·ron) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

inh

He thought that life in a company made up of new recruits would be filled with exciting maneuvers, but he did not expect it to be a monotonous routine with boring training content.

Tā yǐwèi xīnbīng lián dōu shì “dāo guāng jiàn yǐng” “wǔ qiāng nòng bàng” de shēnghuó, méi xiǎngdào què shì sāndiǎnyīxiàn de gùdìng shēnghuó móshì hé kūzào fáwèi de xùnliàn nèiróng.

他以為新兵連都是“刀光劍影”“舞槍弄棒”的生活，沒想到卻是三點一線的固定生活模式和枯燥乏味的訓練內容。

他以为新兵连都是“刀光剑影”“舞枪弄棒”的生活，没想到却是三点一线的固定生活模式和枯燥乏味的训练内容。

(military) company (consisting of platoons (排) and forming part of a battalion (營))


釦

(archery) metal loop at the nock point of a bow string


陣

Derivation from 敶, itself derived from an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 東 (“sack?”) + 東 + 攴; later, one 東 was abbreviated, and a 阜 added on the left.

Han compound

(military) column, row or file of troops


隊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'uːds): semantic 阜 + phonetic 㒸 (suì).

Han compound

軍隊／军队 ― jūnduì ― army

自衛隊／自卫队


雷

Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ruːl): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).
The Northern Min initial s- may be due to the loss of a pre-initial which might have been a velar considering dialect forms in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi, e.g. Taiyuan Jin 忽雷 (hueh4 lui1) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo râwl (“voice; cry (of an animal); sound”), Tibetan ཁྲོལ (khrol).
* (spoiler): Clipping of 捏他八雷 (niētābāléi), from Japanese ネタバレ (netabare).
* (loyalty): by homophony of 二 (ji⁶, “two”) and 義 /义 (ji⁶, “spirit of loyalty”).
* (to lay off): from Phono-semantic matching of English lay off.

psm

畾
𡈶
𩇓
𤴐
𩂩
𤳳
䨓
𩄣
靁
㗊
𤴑

魚雷／鱼雷

手雷

雷區／雷区 ― léiqū ― minefield

排雷 ― páiléi ― to demine

(military, weaponry, in compounds) explosive device; mine

雲

basic weather words shared by most dialects


鞆

(archery) A bracer; an arm protector worn by archers.


黃

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃):
* → Japanese: 黄(おう) (ō); 黄(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 황(黃) (Hwang)
* → Vietnamese: Huỳnh (黃), Hoàng (黃)

desc

→ English: Huang, Wong, Ng, Uy, Wee, Oei, Ooi

→ Malay: Oey, Oei

→ Tagalog: Ng, Uy, Wee

→ Vietnamese: vàng

→ Proto-Mien: *ʔgʷi̯əŋᴬ (“bright”)

Chi (2010) proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “a disabled person with a protruding chest or abdomen”). It has been phonetically borrowed for "yellow" since the era of the oracle bone script. He (1998) noted the possible ritual of burning disabled people with a protruding chest or abdomen to pray for rain as mentioned in Zuozhuan. The 口 in the upper part of the bronze inscription of 黃 might be depicting the disabled person's face facing upwards. Compare 堇.
Li (2012), on the other hand, proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “semicircular jade”) as the 口 in the oracle bone script resembles a ring of jade, so the character would carry the meaning of "a man wearing a ring of jade on his chest". The meaning "yellow" is the result of rebus. See also the original version of 周, which represents carved jade.
According to Shuowen, it is both a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 炗 (“light”) + semantic 田 (“field”) – the color of earth, with 炗 being the ancient form of 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light”). However, this interpretation is erroneous as 廿 at the top was formed as a result of corruption of 口 in the bronze inscription.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”), Burmese ဝါ (wa, “yellow”).
;“sexually obscene; pornographic”

inh

See also: 黃絲

(Hong Kong, politics) supportive of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement


黨

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黨):
* → Japanese: 党(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 당(黨) (dang)
* → Vietnamese: đảng (黨)

→ Zhuang: dangj

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark.
The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

政黨

政党

自由黨

自由党

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

黨的十八大

党的十八大

黨鐵

党铁

(for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party

(chiefly Mainland China, specifically) the Communist Party of China

party
the ruling party
the Communist Party of China

(Vietnam, specifically) Communist Party of Vietnam

party
the ruling party
Communist Party of Vietnam

(Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party

party
the ruling party
United Wa State Party


英雄

/iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/

/*ʔaŋ [ɢ]ʷəŋ/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/

傳說中的英雄

传说中的英雄

平民英雄

英雄豪傑

英雄豪杰

人民英雄永垂不朽。

King Wu asked the Grand Duke: “If a king wants to raise an army, how should he go about selecting and training heroes and determine their moral qualifications?”

Six Secret Teachings, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on Ralph D. Sawyer's version

Wǔwáng wèn Tàigōng yuē: “Wángzhě jǔbīng, yù jiǎnliàn yīngxióng, zhī shì zhī gāoxià, wéi zhī nàihé?”

武王問太公曰：「王者舉兵，欲簡練英雄，知士之高下，為之奈何？」

武王问太公曰：「王者举兵，欲简练英雄，知士之高下，为之奈何？」

(literally, martial arts, figuratively) hero


地震

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/ti²¹³ t͡sən⁵³/

/tʰi¹¹ ˈt͡sɨn³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn³¹/

/tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sən³¹/

/ti⁴⁵ t͡səŋ⁴⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡sin⁵³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² t͡sin⁵⁵⁴/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡sin⁴¹/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sən⁴⁵/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/ti²¹³ t͡sən⁵³/

/tʰi¹¹ ˈt͡sɨn³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn³¹/

/tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sən³¹/

/ti⁴⁵ t͡səŋ⁴⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡sin⁵³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² t͡sin⁵⁵⁴/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡sin⁴¹/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sən⁴⁵/

官場大地震／官场大地震

(figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts


軍隊

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (軍隊):
* → Japanese: 軍隊(ぐんたい) (guntai)
* → Korean: 군대(軍隊) (gundae)
* → Vietnamese: quân đội (軍隊)

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kun³³ ui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ t͡sui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ tui³²⁻³²⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ tu̯i⁵⁵/

/kœyŋ⁵⁴ ty⁵⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nui²⁴²/

/kuŋ³³⁻²³ tui¹¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kun³³ ui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ t͡sui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ tui³²⁻³²⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ tu̯i⁵⁵/

/kœyŋ⁵⁴ ty⁵⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nui²⁴²/

/kuŋ³³⁻²³ tui¹¹/

統率軍隊

统率军队

撤回軍隊

撤回军队

(collective, military) army; troops; forces (Classifier: 支; 個／个)


理論

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/

/li⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɔŋ¹¹/

/li³³²⁻²⁴ luoŋ²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/

/li⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɔŋ¹¹/

/li³³²⁻²⁴ luoŋ²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

馬克思主義理論

马克思主义理论

(mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory


遺憾

/wɐi̯²¹ hɐm²²/

/ui²³⁻³³ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham⁴¹/

/ui¹³⁻²² ham²²/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i¹³⁻²² ham²²/

/wɐi̯²¹ hɐm²²/

/ui²³⁻³³ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham⁴¹/

/ui¹³⁻²² ham²²/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ham³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² ham²²/

/i¹³⁻²² ham²²/

(diplomacy, officialese) regrettable; unfortunate (indicating discontent, protest or apology)


部隊

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ tui³³/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ tui³³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ tui²²/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ tui³³/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ tui³³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ tui²²/

(military) unit (subdivision of a larger military grouping)


情報

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² po²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² po⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² po²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ po¹¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ pɤ²¹/

/t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² po²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² po⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² po²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ po¹¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ pɤ²¹/

/t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po²¹³/

(military, espionage) information; intelligence (Classifier: 份)


空手道

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵ tou̯²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/

/kʰɔŋ³³ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵ tou̯²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/

/kʰɔŋ³³ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 空(から)手(て)道(どう) (karatedō).


馬步

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ puɻʷ⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ puɻʷ⁵¹/


空想社會主義

ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

кунсян шэхуэй чжуи

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ³⁵ sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

(historical, socialism) utopian socialism


總統

ja-r

総(そう)統(とう) (sōtō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (總統):
* → Japanese: 総(そう)統(とう) (sōtō)
* → Korean: 총통(總統) (chongtong)
* → Vietnamese: tổng thống (總統)

→ Amis: congtong

→ Tibetan: ཙུང་ཐུང (tsung thung)

→ Zhuang: cungjdungj

/t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡suŋ³¹ tʰuŋ³¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻³³ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡soŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡soŋ³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡suŋ³¹ tʰuŋ³¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻³³ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡soŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡soŋ³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/


丹田

Sino-Xenic (丹田):
* → Japanese: 丹田(たんでん) (tanden)
* → Korean: 단전(丹田) (danjeon)
* → Vietnamese: đan điền (丹田)

/tän⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine, martial arts) dantian


工兵

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³ piɪŋ³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³ piɪŋ³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

soviet of workers’ and soldiers’ deputies

工兵代表蘇維埃

工兵代表苏维埃

(chiefly communism) Short for 工人 (gōngrén) + 士兵 (shìbīng): “worker and soldier”.


忍術

/ʐən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹/

/ʐən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹/


衛生兵

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/


劈腿

/pʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰi⁵⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɛːk̚³ tʰɵy̯³⁵/

/pʰɪk̚⁵ tʰɵy̯³⁵/

/pʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰi⁵⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɛːk̚³ tʰɵy̯³⁵/

/pʰɪk̚⁵ tʰɵy̯³⁵/

(gymnastics, dance, martial arts) to perform the splits


影子

/iŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/iŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/jɪŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/iŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/iŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/jɪŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(politics, attributive) shadow (acting in a leadership role before being formally recognised)

(politics, attributive) shadow (part of, or related to, the opposition in government)


戰績

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɪk̚⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɪk̚⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚³²/

(military) military exploits; combat gains


事變

Sino-Xenic (事變):
* → Japanese: 事変(じへん) (jihen)
* → Korean: 사변(事變) (sabyeon)
* → Vietnamese: sự biến (事變)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/su³³⁻¹¹ piɛn¹¹/

/su²²⁻²¹ piɛn²¹/

/su³³⁻²¹ piɛn²¹/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/su³³⁻¹¹ piɛn¹¹/

/su²²⁻²¹ piɛn²¹/

/su³³⁻²¹ piɛn²¹/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/


班長

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːn⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔ̃⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/pe⁵⁵ t͡sã²¹/

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːn⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔ̃⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/pe⁵⁵ t͡sã²¹/


運動

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/yn⁵¹ d̥ʊŋ¹/

/yŋ⁴⁴ tuŋ⁴⁴/

/wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

/vun³² ɵŋ³²/

/i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ʒun³³ tʰuŋ³³/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ²⁴²/

/ɔŋ¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ¹¹/

/uoŋ²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ²¹/

/un²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/

/un³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/uŋ¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

/ɦyn²² doŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦioŋ²² doŋ⁴⁴/

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/yn⁵¹ d̥ʊŋ¹/

/yŋ⁴⁴ tuŋ⁴⁴/

/wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

/vun³² ɵŋ³²/

/i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ʒun³³ tʰuŋ³³/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ²⁴²/

/ɔŋ¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ¹¹/

/uoŋ²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ²¹/

/un²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/

/un³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/uŋ¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

/ɦyn²² doŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦioŋ²² doŋ⁴⁴/

The modern meaning derives from a Japanese coinage in the nineteenth century, as wasei kango (和製漢語) (Heinrich, 2021).

掃盲運動

扫盲运动

平權運動

平权运动


下線

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


一本

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


海軍

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/hᵘɔi⁵⁵ kun³³⁻³³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔŋ⁵³³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ kuŋ³³/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/hᵘɔi⁵⁵ kun³³⁻³³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔŋ⁵³³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ kuŋ³³/

海軍演習

海军演习


陸軍

/lʊk̚² kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɵk̚³² kun³³⁻³³⁵/

/lœʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁵³³/

/lyøʔ⁴⁻² kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² kun³³/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/lok̚⁴⁻² kuŋ³³/

/loʔ¹¹ t͡ɕyn²³/

/lʊk̚² kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɵk̚³² kun³³⁻³³⁵/

/lœʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁵³³/

/lyøʔ⁴⁻² kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² kun³³/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/lok̚⁴⁻² kuŋ³³/

/loʔ¹¹ t͡ɕyn²³/


軍港

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/


同志

Sino-Xenic (同志):
* → Japanese: 同(どう)志(し) (dōshi)
* → Korean: 동지(同志) (dongji)
* → Vietnamese: đồng chí (同志)

→ Zhuang: dungzci

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³³/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²¹/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩ʷ³³/

/doŋ²³ t͡sz̩ʷ¹¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³³/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²¹/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩ʷ³³/

/doŋ²³ t͡sz̩ʷ¹¹/

Sense 2 was first appropriated by Sun Yat-sen in the early 20th century to describe his supporters, and later used by the Chinese Communist Party as an address for anyone.
Sense 4 was coined by the Hong Kong writer Mai Ke (迈克) in the 1980s. He explained that his use of this term for gay people to represent solidarity. Popularised since 1989 by the activist Edward Lam as part of the Chinese name for the Hong Kong Lesbian & Gay Film Festival (香港同志影展).

領導同志

领导同志

列寧同志

列宁同志

Hello, comrade. Could you please tell me how to get to the People's Square?

Tóngzhì, qǐngwèn qù Rénmín Guǎngchǎng zěnme zǒu?

同志，請問去人民廣場怎麼走？

同志，请问去人民广场怎么走？

Those of us who grew up with traditional Chinese characters will not hesitate to say that 言 (yán) is orthodox and that 讠 (yán) is a variant. But those comrades who grew up with simplified Chinese characters may not necessarily agree.

1962, Lü Shuxiang, 《关于“语言单位的同一性”等等》 [The Identity of Linguistic Units and Related Matters], in 《中国语文》, →ISSN

我們這些繁體字出身的人會不假思索地說「言」是常體，「讠」是變體。但是簡體字出身的同志未必會同意。

我们这些繁体字出身的人会不假思索地说「言」是常体，「讠」是变体。但是简体字出身的同志未必会同意。

Comrade Wang Hongjun of the Linguistics Teaching and Research Section compiled the Putonghua alphabetical index.

1995, 北京大学中文语言文学系语言学教研室, 《汉语方言词汇》, 2nd edition, 前言 (written in 1988)

Yǔyánxué Jiàoyánshì Wáng Hóngjūn tóngzhì biānzhì le pǔtōnghuà yīnxù suǒyǐn.

語言學教研室王洪君同志編制了普通話音序索引。

语言学教研室王洪君同志编制了普通话音序索引。

Sure enough, from then on, comrades in other working groups did not panic as before when they encounter enemies without notice.

Guǒrán, cóngcǐ yǐhòu, qítā gōngzuòzǔ de tóngzhì zài yǔ dírén tūrán zāoyù shí jiù bùzài xiàng guòqù nàyàng jīnghuāngshīcuò le.

果然，從此以後，其他工作組的同志在與敵人突然遭遇時就不再像過去那樣驚慌失措了。

果然，从此以后，其他工作组的同志在与敌人突然遭遇时就不再像过去那样惊慌失措了。

(communism) comrade (Classifier: 個／个; 位; 名)


國情咨文

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄗ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄗ ㄨㄣˊ

Гоцин Цзывэнь

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address

(US politics) State of the Union Address


濃縮鈾

ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄙㄨㄛ ㄧㄡˊ

ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄙㄨㄛ ㄧㄡˋ

/nʊŋ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/nɔːŋ²¹ sʊk̚⁵ jɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/nɔːŋ²¹ sʊk̚⁵ jɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/


馬蹄

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/maː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ te²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ toi⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/maː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ te²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ toi⁵⁵/


中南海

→ English: Chung-nan-hai, Zhongnanhai, Zhong Nan Hai

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

Short for 中海 (zhōnghǎi) + 南海 (Nánhǎi), both are names of lakes in Beijing.

(metonymic, politics) The central headquarters for the Communist Party of China

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(metonymic, politics) the government of the People's Republic of China


將軍

Sino-Xenic (將軍):
* → Japanese: 将(しょう)軍(ぐん) (shōgun)
* → Korean: 장군(將軍) (janggun)
* → Vietnamese: tướng quân (將軍)

→ Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤 (sᵉŋün)

→ Khitan: 𘰷𘯀𘱚𘱕 (*s iaŋ g ün)

→ Manchu: ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ (janggin)

→ Chinese: 章京 (zhāngjīng)

→ Manchu: ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ (jiyanggiyūn)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

zyoeng¹ guong¹ [Phonetic:zyoeng⁵ nguong¹]

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.


出戰

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

(military or figuratively) to go on the attack; to initiate an offensive


部下

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ hɛ²²/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ e³³/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ e³³/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ hɛ²²/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ e³³/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ e³³/


官兵

/ku̯än⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kuã³³ piɪŋ³³/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kuã³³ piɪŋ³³/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/


軍功

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(literary, military) military exploits; military achievements; meritorious war service


將士

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ³³ siː²²/

/t͡si̯oŋ⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²²/

/t͡siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ³³ siː²²/

/t͡si̯oŋ⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²²/

/t͡siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/

(archaic, military) officers and enlisted


三公

Sino-Xenic (三公):
* → Korean: 삼공(三公) (samgong)
* → Vietnamese: tam công (三公)

/sän⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam³³ kɔŋ³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam³³ kɔŋ³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

Starting in the Zhou Dynasty, the three highest civil posts were: 太師／太师 (tàishī), 太傅 (tàifù), 太保 (tàibǎo). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three positions were: 太尉 (tàiwèi) (Grand Commandant), 司徒 (sītú) (Minister over the Masses) and 司空 (sīkōng) (Minister of Works). Later on, the three positions were discontinued, and their duties were folded into the position of 丞相 (chéngxiàng) (chancellor of China).
The modern sense of "three kinds of public expenses" is a collective term for 公車／公车 (“government cars”), 因公出國／因公出国 (“overseas trips”), and 公務接待／公务接待 (“official receptions”).

zh-l

太師／太师 (tàishī)

(Mainland China, politics) three kinds of public expenses, including buy and use government cars, overseas trips, and official receptions


部將

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

(military) officer under the command of a general; subordinate military officer


鐵甲

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiə²⁴ t͡ɕia²⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiə²⁴ t͡ɕia²⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kaʔ³²/

(military) armor for vessels, vehicles, etc.


佩劍

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ kiːm³³/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ kiːm³³/


火線

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ siːn³³/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã⁴¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã¹¹/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã²¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã²¹/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ siːn³³/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã⁴¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã¹¹/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã²¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã²¹/


衝刺

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰi²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰi²¹³/


左輪

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/t͡so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun¹³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun²³/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/t͡so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun¹³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun²³/

(firearms) Short for 左輪手槍／左轮手枪 (zuǒ lún shǒuqiāng, “revolver”).


著數

→ English: jetso
→ Cantonese: jetso, so

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³⁵/


招數

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/


短刀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (短刀):
* → Japanese: 短刀(たんとう) (tantō)
* → Korean: 단도(短刀) (dando)
* → Vietnamese: đoản đao (短刀)

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/te⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to³³/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/te⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to³³/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/

(weaponry) short knife; short sword; dagger


防守

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu⁴¹/

/vɑ̃²² sɤ⁴⁴/

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu⁴¹/

/vɑ̃²² sɤ⁴⁴/

防守還擊

防守还击


招兵

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ pin²⁴/

/t͡sio⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sio⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ pin²⁴/

/t͡sio⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sio⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

(literary, military) to recruit soldiers; to raise troops


麾下

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/fɐi̯⁵⁵ haː²²/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² ha²²/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² hɛ²²/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/fɐi̯⁵⁵ haː²²/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² ha²²/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² hɛ²²/

(archaic, military) troops under one's command


武將

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/vu²⁴⁻³³ t͡sioŋ¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/vu²⁴⁻³³ t͡sioŋ¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/


安營下寨

ㄢ ㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓㄞˋ

ㄢ ㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓㄞˋ

/ˀän⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹ haː²² t͡saːi̯²²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹ haː²² t͡saːi̯²²/


安營

/ˀän⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/on²⁴ i̯aŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/on²⁴ i̯aŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

(military) to pitch camp; to set up camp


下寨

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/


中東

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ taŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ taŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

(geopolitics) Middle East (the geopolitical region at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe, comprising West Asia excluding the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt and all of Turkey)


劍道

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ to⁴¹/

/kiam²¹⁻⁴¹ tɤ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ to⁴¹/

/kiam²¹⁻⁴¹ tɤ³³/


屯紮

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/


小卒

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

(literary, military) low ranking soldier; foot soldier; private


陣勢

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/t͡sɐn²² sɐi̯³³/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² se⁴¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ se²¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ si¹¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ si²¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ si²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/t͡sɐn²² sɐi̯³³/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² se⁴¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ se²¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ si¹¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ si²¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ si²¹/

(literally, military) battle array; combat formation


敗績

/paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/paːi̯²² t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/pai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/paːi̯²² t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/pai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

The army of Qi was routed, and the Duke wanted to pursue.

齊師敗績，公將馳之。

齐师败绩，公将驰之。

(literary, military, figuratively) to be utterly defeated


敗績

/paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/paːi̯²² t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/pai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/paːi̯²² t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/pai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

(literary, military, figuratively) utter defeat


照會

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

(diplomacy) to deliver a démarche to; to present a memorandum to


照會

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

(diplomacy) démarche; memorandum; note verbale


肅清

Sino-Xenic (肅清):
* → Japanese: 粛(しゅく)清(せい) (shukusei)
* → Korean: 숙청(肅淸) (sukcheong)

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/sok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰeŋ³³/

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/sok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰeŋ³³/


陣容

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn²² jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɨn⁵⁵ i̯uŋ¹¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tin²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ¹³/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tin³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn²² jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɨn⁵⁵ i̯uŋ¹¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tin²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ¹³/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tin³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ²³/

(military) battle array; troop arrangement


斷後

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tuæ̃⁴⁵ xəu⁴⁵/

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tuæ̃⁴⁵ xəu⁴⁵/

(military) to guard one's rear with a detachment of soldiers (in order to prevent the enemy from giving chase)


統戰

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡siːn³³/

/tʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡siːn³³/

/tʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ t͡sɛŋ⁴²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²¹/

統一戰線 統一戰線#Chinese

统一战线 统一战线#Chinese

(communism) Short for 統一戰線／统一战线 (tǒngyī zhànxiàn, “united front”).


統一戰線

ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄓㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ ㄓㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

тунъи чжаньсянь

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡siːn³³ siːn³³/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡siːn³³ siːn³³/

In order to win, [the Chinese proletariat] must unite, according to varying circumstances, with all classes and strata that can take part in the revolution, and must organize a revolutionary united front.

1939, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命和中國共產黨》 (The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Ér yào shènglì, tāmen jiù bìxū zài gèzhǒng bùtóng de qíngxíng xià tuánjié yīqiè kěnéng de gémìng de jiējí hé jiēcéng, zǔzhī gémìng de tǒngyī zhànxiàn.

而要勝利，他們就必須在各種不同的情形下團結一切可能的革命的階級和階層，組織革命的統一戰線。

而要胜利，他们就必须在各种不同的情形下团结一切可能的革命的阶级和阶层，组织革命的统一战线。


和平共處

ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄨˇ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄨˇ

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ²² t͡sʰyː³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ²² t͡sʰyː³⁵/

和平共處五項原則

和平共处五项原则

peaceful coexistence
peaceful coexistence


入閣

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻³² koʔ³²/

/d͡zip̚²⁴⁻² koʔ⁵/

/d͡zip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ koʔ³²/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻³² koʔ³²/

/zip̚⁴⁻³² kɤʔ³²/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻³² koʔ³²/

/d͡zip̚²⁴⁻² koʔ⁵/

/d͡zip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ koʔ³²/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻³² koʔ³²/

/zip̚⁴⁻³² kɤʔ³²/


立定

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/


脫身

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/tʰyːt̚³ sɐn⁵⁵/

/tʰut̚⁴⁻³² sin⁴⁴/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/tʰyːt̚³ sɐn⁵⁵/

/tʰut̚⁴⁻³² sin⁴⁴/

(martial arts) to free oneself; to break away; to evade attack


大隊

Sino-Xenic (大隊):
* → Japanese: 大隊(だいたい) (daitai)
* → Korean: 대대(大隊) (daedae)
* → Vietnamese: đại đội (大隊)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/tʰai³³ t͡ʃʰui³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/tʰai³³ t͡ʃʰui³³/

摩爾門 大隊

(military) military unit corresponding to the battalion or regiment


前驅

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

(military, figurative) vanguard; forward troops; forerunner


意識形態

ㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄧˋ ㄕˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

德意志意識形態

德意志意识形态

If in all ideology men and their relations appear upside-down as in a camera obscura, this phenomenon arises just as much from their historical life-process as the inversion of objects on the retina does from their physical life-process.

1845-1846, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, 《德意志意識形態》

Rúguǒ zài quánbù yìshí xíngtài zhōng, rénmen hé tāmen de guānxì jiùxiàng zài zhàoxiàngjī zhōng yīyàng shì dǎolì chéng xiàng de, nàme zhè zhǒng xiànxiàng yěshì cóng rénmen shēnghuó de lìshǐ guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng de, zhèngrú wùtǐ zài shìwǎngmó shàng de dǎoyǐng shì zhíjiē cóng rénmen shēnghuó de shēnglǐ guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng de yīyàng.

如果在全部意識形態中，人們和他們的關係就像在照相機中一樣是倒立呈像的，那麼這種現象也是從人們生活的歷史過程中產生的，正如物體在視網膜上的倒影是直接從人們生活的生理過程中產生的一樣。

如果在全部意识形态中，人们和他们的关系就像在照相机中一样是倒立呈像的，那么这种现象也是从人们生活的历史过程中产生的，正如物体在视网膜上的倒影是直接从人们生活的生理过程中产生的一样。


驍勇

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiːu̯⁵⁵ jʊŋ¹³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiːu̯⁵⁵ jʊŋ¹³/


師伯

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

A compound of 師 /师 (shī, “teacher”) and 伯 (“uncle older than one's father”).

(martial arts) senior fellow student of one's teacher in a martial arts school (including women)


師弟

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/

(martial arts) young disciple, the junior fellow students in a Chinese martial arts school, where the seniority is not based on the student's age or level of skill, but on the chronological order of following a particular sifu


師公

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sai³³ kɔŋ³³/

/sai⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sai³³ kɔŋ³³/

/sai⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(martial arts) the sifu's sifu in a Chinese martial arts school, where the seniority is not based on the student's age or level of skill, but on the chronological order of following a particular sifu


師叔

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

A compound of 師 /师 (shī, “teacher”) and 叔 (“uncle younger than one's father”).

(martial arts) junior fellow students of the teacher in a Chinese martial arts school (including women)


火器

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ hei̯³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ hei̯³³/


輜重

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

(military) impedimenta; supplies and gear of an army; baggage


示威

Sino-Xenic (示威):
* → Japanese: 示威(しい) (shii)
* → Korean: 시위(示威) (siwi)
* → Vietnamese: thị uy (示威)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/siː²² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ui⁵⁵/

/si²²⁻²¹ ui⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻²² ui³³/

/si²²⁻²¹ ui⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻¹¹ ui⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻²¹ ui⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/siː²² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ui⁵⁵/

/si²²⁻²¹ ui⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻²² ui³³/

/si²²⁻²¹ ui⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻¹¹ ui⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻²¹ ui⁴⁴/


點兵

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/tiːm³⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɪŋ³³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/tiːm³⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɪŋ³³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

When Han Xin selects his troops, the more the better

韓信點兵，多多益善

韩信点兵，多多益善

(literary, military) to recruit soldiers; to gather one's forces


狗腿子

/koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

(colloquial, figurative, politics, derogatory) running dog; lackey; cat's paw; person subservient to counterrevolutionary or evil interests


救兵

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³³ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kieu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵⁵/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ³³/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³³ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kieu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵⁵/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ³³/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

(literally, military, figuratively) reinforcement; relief force; relief troops


潰散

/kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sän⁵¹/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ saːn³³/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁵³ san²¹/

/kʰui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san⁴¹/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sän⁵¹/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ saːn³³/

/kʰui²¹⁻⁵³ san²¹/

/kʰui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san⁴¹/


犄角

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kei̯⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kei̯⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²/

/kei̯⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯²/

/kei̯⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

(literary, military) to divide one's military forces into two separate groups so that one can attack on two different fronts


火炮

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ pʰaːu̯³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰau²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰau¹¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰau²¹/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ pʰaːu̯³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰau²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰau¹¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰau²¹/


隊伍

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ u¹/

/tɵy̯²² ŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/tu̯i⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/tui³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tui²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tui⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/tui³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/tui⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ u¹/

/tɵy̯²² ŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/tu̯i⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/tui³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tui²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tui⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/tui³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/tui⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/


熱狗

/ʐɤ⁵¹ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² kɐu̯³⁵/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ kɤ²³/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² kɐu̯³⁵/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ kɤ²³/

Calque of English hot dog.
; Civic Passion

2014 November 24, PassionTimes 熱血時報, 0:36 from the start, in 涉「篤灰」遭圍堵嗆聲 人力反屈旺角留守者為藍絲帶, spoken by 譚得志 [Tam Tak-chi]:

Those who say they are not hot dogs are all freaking hot dogs!

waa⁶ can¹ zi⁶ gei² m⁴ hai⁶ jit⁶ gau² go² di¹, cyun⁴ kiu¹ bou⁶ dou¹ hai⁶ jit⁶ gau² aa¹!

話親自己唔係熱狗嗰啲，全Q部都係熱狗吖！

话亲自己唔系热狗嗰啲，全Q部都系热狗吖！

2015 July 15, 熱血編輯部 (Carfai), “「熱狗二報」《大公》強烈推介：《黨娘2萌化建國》”, in 《熱血時報》 [Passion Times]:

The Hong Kong Book Fair opens today (15ᵗʰ July) in the HKCEC. Ta Kung Pao, the CCP's mouthpiece paying attention to Civic Passion all along, did not forget its "Hot Dog Times II" identity, and specially publishes an article promoting our work.

hoeng¹ gong² syu¹ zin² gam¹ jat⁶ (7 jyut⁶ 15 jat⁶) jyu¹ wui⁶ zin² kit³ mok⁶, ji⁴ jat¹ hoeng³ gwaan¹ zyu³ “jit⁶ hyut³” dik¹ zung¹ gung⁶ hau⁴ sit⁶ “daai⁶ gung¹ bou³”, jaa⁵ bat¹ mong⁴ kei⁴ “jit⁶ gau² ji⁶ bou³” san¹ fan⁶⁻², gam¹ jat⁶ dak⁶ bit⁶ zaan⁶ man⁴ bong¹ mong⁴ syun¹ cyun⁴ bun² bou³ zok³ ban².

香港書展今日（7月15日）於會展揭幕，而一向關注「熱血」的中共喉舌《大公報》，也不忘其「熱狗二報」身分，今日特別撰文幫忙宣傳本報作品。

香港书展今日（7月15日）于会展揭幕，而一向关注「热血」的中共喉舌《大公报》，也不忘其「热狗二报」身分，今日特别撰文帮忙宣传本报作品。

2016 September 30, 于日辰, 《倫敦金2之〈潛龍勿用〉》 [Lon Don Gold 2], Hong Kong: 點子出版, →ISBN, page 204:

Fuck, I shouldn't have added political stuff at the end out of sensationalism. Now there are a bunch of localists and hot dogs joining in the fun...

diu² ngo⁵ m⁴ jing¹ goi¹ laan⁵ sin³ cing⁴ gaa¹ di¹ zing³ zi⁶ je⁵ lok⁶ go³ mei⁵ dou⁶, gaau² dou³ ji⁴ gaa¹ jan⁵ zo² jat¹ daai⁶ baan¹ bun² tou² paai³ tung⁴ jit⁶ gau² jap⁶ lai⁴ can³ heoi¹......

屌我唔應該懶煽情加啲政治嘢落個尾度，搞到而家引咗一大班本土派同熱狗入嚟趁墟……

屌我唔应该懒煽情加啲政治嘢落个尾度，搞到而家引咗一大班本土派同热狗入嚟趁墟……

2020 August 3, 周顯, Henryporter, “分化分化，多少黃屍借汝之名而行惡！（四）熱狗就是AB團”, in 《國安之立》, page 76:

Basically hot dogs view all centrists as enemies, so they are unlikely to become a major party. Even Cheng Chung-tai addressed himself as "1:69". To be honest, hot dogs are not threatening to the Communist Party.

gei¹ bun² soeng⁶ jit⁶ gau² hai⁶ zoeng¹ so² jau⁵ zung¹ laap⁶ jan⁴ si⁶ si⁶ zi¹ wai⁴ dik⁶ jan⁴, so² ji⁵ hou² naan⁴ zong³ daai⁶ sing⁴ zyu² lau⁴ zing³ dong², zau⁶ lin⁴ zeng⁶ cung⁴ taai³ zi⁶ gei² dou¹ zi⁶ cing¹ wai⁴ “1:69”; m⁴ haak³ hei³ gong² geoi³, hoeng² gung⁶ caan² dong² ngaan⁵ zung¹, jit⁶ gau² zau⁶ hai⁶ bat¹ zuk¹ wai⁴ waan⁶.

基本上熱狗係將所有中立人士視之為敵人，所以好難壯大成主流政黨，就連鄭松泰自己都自稱為「1:69」；唔客氣講句，響共產黨眼中，熱狗就係不足為患。

基本上热狗系将所有中立人士视之为敌人，所以好难壮大成主流政党，就连郑松泰自己都自称为「1:69」；唔客气讲句，响共产党眼中，热狗就系不足为患。

2020 December 19, 郭家好, “【網議政事】抽水蕭若元無戴罩 「熱狗」中回力鏢”, in 《文匯報》 [Wen Wei Po]:

It sounds soronous, but previously "hot dog" member Alvin Cheng didn't wear face mask while setting up a street stall, claiming what he did was "civil disobedience".

gong² dak¹ gam³ zaak⁶ dei⁶ jau⁵ sing¹, dim² zi¹ zi¹ cin⁴ “jit⁶ gau²” sing⁴ jyun⁴ zeng⁶ gam² mun⁵ (mun⁵ zai²) baai² gaai¹ zaam⁶ si⁴ dou¹ mou⁴ daai³ hau² zaau³, gang¹ sing¹ cing¹ gam² zou⁶ hai⁶ gaau² gan² “gung¹ man⁴ kong³ ming⁶” wo⁵.

講得咁擲地有聲，點知之前「熱狗」成員鄭錦滿（蟎仔）擺街站時都無戴口罩，更聲稱咁做係搞緊「公民抗命」喎。

讲得咁掷地有声，点知之前「热狗」成员郑锦满（螨仔）摆街站时都无戴口罩，更声称咁做系搞紧「公民抗命」㖞。

2021 July 30, 門徒媒體 [Apostles Media], 《門徒媒體》 [Apostles Media]:

The "yellow ribbons" hold more than half of the responsibility for Ng Ka Long losing the match, hot dog Wong Yeung-tat says

jit⁶ gau² wong⁴ joeng⁴ daat⁶: ng⁵ gaa¹ long⁵ syu¹ bo¹ “wong⁴ si¹ daai³⁻²” zim³ ciu¹ gwo³ jat¹ bun³ zaak³ jam⁶

熱狗黃洋達：伍家朗輸波「黃絲帶」佔超過一半責任

热狗黄洋达：伍家朗输波「黄丝带」占超过一半责任

(Hong Kong Cantonese, politics, derogatory or self-deprecatory) Civic Passion, or its member


古希臘式搏擊

ㄍㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄐㄧ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄐㄧˊ

гусила ши боцзи

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

Literally, "ancient Greece-style fighting."


新西蘭

Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng) + 西藏 (Xīzàng) + 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu). Pun on Etymology 1.

zh-etym-short

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ si³³⁻²¹ lan²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³³ le²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ si³³⁻²¹ lan²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³³ le²¹/

(Mainland China, military, slang) Xinjiang, Tibet and Lanzhou military region (in 2016 merged to form the Western Theater Command)


群眾

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³/

/kɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ⁴²/

guong² zyoeng⁴ [Phonetic:guong¹ nyoeng⁴]

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/kun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/kun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³/

/kɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ⁴²/

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/kun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/kun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/kʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

Revolutionary statespeople, the political specialists who know the science or art of revolutionary politics, are simply the leaders of millions upon millions of statespeople – the masses. Their task is to collect the opinions of these mass statespeople, sift and refine them, and return them to the masses, who then take them and put them into practice. They are therefore not the kind of aristocratic “statespeople” who work behind closed doors and fancy they have a monopoly of wisdom.

1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Gémìng de zhèngzhìjiāmen, dǒngde gémìng de zhèngzhì kēxué huò zhèngzhì yìshù de zhèngzhì zhuānménjiāmen, tāmen zhǐshì qiānqiānwànwàn de qúnzhòng zhèngzhìjiā de lǐngxiù, tāmen de rènwù zàiyú bǎ qúnzhòng zhèngzhìjiā de yìjiàn jízhōng qilai, jiāyǐ tíliàn, zài shǐ zhī huí dào qúnzhòng zhōng qù, wéi qúnzhòng suǒ jiēshòu, suǒ shíjiàn, ér bùshì bìménzàochē, zìzuòcōngmíng, zhǐ cǐ yījiā, bié wú fēndiàn de nà zhǒng guìzúshì de suǒwèi “zhèngzhìjiā”, — zhè shì wúchǎnjiējí zhèngzhìjiā tóng fǔxiǔ le de zīchǎnjiējí zhèngzhìjiā de yuánzé qūbié.

革命的政治家們，懂得革命的政治科學或政治藝術的政治專門家們，他們只是千千萬萬的群眾政治家的領袖，他們的任務在於把群眾政治家的意見集中起來，加以提煉，再使之回到群眾中去，為群眾所接受，所實踐，而不是閉門造車，自作聰明，只此一家，別無分店的那種貴族式的所謂「政治家」，——這是無產階級政治家同腐朽了的資產階級政治家的原則區別。

革命的政治家们，懂得革命的政治科学或政治艺术的政治专门家们，他们只是千千万万的群众政治家的领袖，他们的任务在于把群众政治家的意见集中起来，加以提炼，再使之回到群众中去，为群众所接受，所实践，而不是闭门造车，自作聪明，只此一家，别无分店的那种贵族式的所谓「政治家」，——这是无产阶级政治家同腐朽了的资产阶级政治家的原则区别。


有了

/joʊ̯²¹⁴ lə⁴/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴ lə⁴/


走狗

→ English: running dog (calque)

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁵⁵⁴/

Attestable in pre-Qin texts in the "hunting dog" sense.

資本家的走狗

资本家的走狗

People opposed to the reactionary rule of imperialism in these countries are rising up against U.S. imperialism and other running dogs of imperialism.

1968, Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao's "The Movement of World Revolution" (毛主席论世界革命)

Zhèxiē guójiā de rénmín qǐlái fǎnduì měidìguózhǔyì de hé qítā dìguózhǔyì de zǒugǒu, yě jiùshì fǎnduì dìguózhǔyì de fǎndòng tǒngzhì.

這些國家的人民起來反對美帝國主義的和其他帝國主義的走狗，也就是反對帝國主義的反動統治。

这些国家的人民起来反对美帝国主义的和其他帝国主义的走狗，也就是反对帝国主义的反动统治。

(figurative, politics, derogatory) running dog; lackey; cat's paw; person subservient to counterrevolutionary or evil interests


上士

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

(military) staff sergeant (of an army); chief petty officer (of a navy); first sergeant (of an air force)


導彈

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵¹/

/tou̯²² taːn²²⁻³⁵/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tan²⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ tan²⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ tan¹³/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵¹/

/tou̯²² taːn²²⁻³⁵/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tan²⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ tan²⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ tan¹³/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tuã²⁴/

導彈試驗

导弹试验

機載導彈

机载导弹

防空導彈

防空导弹

反坦克導彈

反坦克导弹

intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

洲際彈道導彈

洲际弹道导弹

(military) guided missile (Classifier: 枚 m)


資本階級

ㄗ ㄅㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄗ ㄅㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

цзыбэнь цзецзи

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ puːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ puːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

(communism) capitalist class; bourgeoisie


資產階級

ㄗ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄗ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

цзычань цзецзи

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/


要塞

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːu̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/iau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sai⁴¹/

/iau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai²¹³/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːu̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/iau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sai⁴¹/

/iau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai²¹³/

(military) stronghold; fort; fortification; fortress; strategic spot


合同

/xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³/

/hɐp̚² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² taŋ²³/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² taŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³ taŋ²³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² taŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ taŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻² taŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ doŋ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³/

/hɐp̚² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² taŋ²³/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² taŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³ taŋ²³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² taŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ taŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻² taŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ doŋ²³/

合同戰術

合同战术


前線

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã²¹³/

Do you think women should be allowed to fight in the front line?

Nǐ rènwéi yīnggāi yǔnxǔ fùnǚ zài qiánxiàn zhàndòu ma?

你認為應該允許婦女在前線戰鬥嗎？

你认为应该允许妇女在前线战斗吗？


上線

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ siːn³³/

/t͡sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ sũã²¹³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ siːn³³/

/t͡sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ sũã²¹³/

/sœːŋ²² siːn³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siːn³³/

上線進攻

上线进攻

(fencing) high line; the target area above the opponent's midriff


領事

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/liŋ⁵¹ sz̩²⁴/

/lɪŋ¹³ siː²²⁻³⁵/

/l̃iaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøy²⁴²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴¹/

/nĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ¹¹/

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/liŋ⁵¹ sz̩²⁴/

/lɪŋ¹³ siː²²⁻³⁵/

/l̃iaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøy²⁴²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴¹/

/nĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ¹¹/

領事簽證

领事签证

(countable, diplomacy) consul (Classifier: 名 m; 位 m)


包圍圈

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(military) encirclement; the isolation of a target by the formation of a blockade around it


進步

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴ pou⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰu⁵³/

/t͡siŋ⁴² pɔu¹¹/

/t͡siŋ⁴² pɔu²¹/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ pɔ²²/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ pɔ²²/

/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ pɔ³³/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ pɔ³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴ pou⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰu⁵³/

/t͡siŋ⁴² pɔu¹¹/

/t͡siŋ⁴² pɔu²¹/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ pɔ²²/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ pɔ²²/

/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ pɔ³³/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ pɔ³³/

我太想進步了

我太想进步了

仕途進步

仕途进步

(Mainland China, politics, euphemistic) to get promoted


軍團

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (軍團):
* → Japanese: 軍団(ぐんだん) (gundan)
* → Korean: 군단(軍團) (gundan)
* → Vietnamese: quân đoàn (軍團)

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/


解散

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ san⁴¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã⁴¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ sũã²¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ san⁴¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã⁴¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ sũã²¹³/


階級鬥爭

ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄡˋ ㄓㄥ

ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄡˋ ㄓㄥ

цзецзи доучжэн

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵ tɐu̯³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵ tɐu̯³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/


有產階級

ㄧㄡˇ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄧㄡˇ ㄔㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

ючань цзецзи

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/


演習

ja-r

演習(えんしゅう) (enshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (演習):
* → Japanese: 演習(えんしゅう) (enshū)
* → Korean: 연습(演習) (yeonseup)

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/iæ̃⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/

/i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ sip̚⁵/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/iæ̃⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/

/i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ sip̚⁵/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

海軍演習

海军演习

消防演習

消防演习

防空演習

防空演习

(military, firefighting) to do field practice; to do operations training; to drill; to perform exercises; to maneuver


聲東擊西

to make a feint to the east but attack in the west

ㄕㄥ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ ㄒㄧ

ㄕㄥ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄧ

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/sĩã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³⁻²³ kʰek̚²⁻⁴ sai³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/sĩã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³⁻²³ kʰek̚²⁻⁴ sai³³/

(military) during a battle, to create the illusion of assaulting a target, while the true goal is to assault another target where it's least expected


中共

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ¹¹/

Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China

中共中央宣傳部

中共中央宣传部

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

中共中央總書記

中共中央总书记

中國共產黨 中國共產黨#Chinese

中国共产党 中国共产党#Chinese

(politics) Short for 中國共產黨／中国共产党 (Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng, “Communist Party of China”).


推進

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin¹¹/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/tʰui³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin¹¹/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/tʰui³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ²¹³/


民權

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

We must start from the meaning of government. Government or politics is a concern of all the people, and its centralizing force is political sovereignty. Political sovereignty, then, means popular sovereignty, and government which centralizes the forces controlling the life of the people is called government power or government authority.

1924 CE, Sun Yat-sen, The Three Principles of the People, translated based on Frank W. Price's version

Gēnběn shàng háishì yào zài cóng zhèngzhì de yìyì lái yánjiū, zhèng shì zhòngrén zhī shì, jíhé zhòngrén zhī shì de dà lìliàng, biàn jiàozuò zhèngquán, zhèngquán jiù kěyǐ shuō shì mínquán; zhì shì guǎnlǐ zhòngrén zhī shì, jíhé guǎnlǐ zhòngrén zhī shì de dà lìliàng, biàn jiàozuò zhìquán, zhìquán jiù kěyǐ shuō shì zhèngfǔ quán.

根本上還是要再從政治的意義來研究，政是眾人之事，集合眾人之事的大力量，便叫做政權，政權就可以說是民權；治是管理眾人之事，集合管理眾人之事的大力量，便叫做治權，治權就可以說是政府權。

根本上还是要再从政治的意义来研究，政是众人之事，集合众人之事的大力量，便叫做政权，政权就可以说是民权；治是管理众人之事，集合管理众人之事的大力量，便叫做治权，治权就可以说是政府权。

We hold that the Communist Party, the Kuomintang and the people of the whole country should unite and fight for these three great objectives of national independence, democracy and freedom, and the people's livelihood and happiness.

1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國共產黨在抗日時期的任務》 (The Tasks of the Chinese Communist Party in the Period of Resistance to Japan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Wǒmen rènwéi, gòngchǎndǎng, guómíndǎng, quánguó rénmín, yìngdāng gòngtóng yīzhì wèi mínzú dúlì, mínquán zìyóu, mínshēng xìngfú zhè sān dà mùbiāo ér fèndòu.

我們認為，共產黨、國民黨、全國人民，應當共同一致為民族獨立、民權自由、民生幸福這三大目標而奮鬥。

我们认为，共产党、国民党、全国人民，应当共同一致为民族独立、民权自由、民生幸福这三大目标而奋斗。


預備隊

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


遠征

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/


遠征

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/


配置

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ t͡siː³³/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ ti²¹/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁵³ ti²¹/

/pʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹/

/pʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ ti¹¹/

/pʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ti²¹³/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ t͡siː³³/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ ti²¹/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁵³ ti²¹/

/pʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹/

/pʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ ti¹¹/

/pʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ti²¹³/


女史

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historiography, feminism) feminist history; herstory


坑道

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/haːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/kʰəŋ¹¹ tau⁴⁵/

/kʰĩ³³ tɔ⁴¹/

/kʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/kʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/haːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/kʰəŋ¹¹ tau⁴⁵/

/kʰĩ³³ tɔ⁴¹/

/kʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/kʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

巷道

usually dug for transport, drainage and ventilation


面貌

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/bin²²⁻²¹ mãu²²/

/bin³³⁻¹¹ mãu³³/

/bin³³⁻²¹ mãu³³/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² bau⁴¹/

/biɛn²²⁻²¹ mãu²²/

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/bin²²⁻²¹ mãu²²/

/bin³³⁻¹¹ mãu³³/

/bin³³⁻²¹ mãu³³/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² bau⁴¹/

/biɛn²²⁻²¹ mãu²²/

政治面貌

(figuratively, chiefly politics) affiliation


政治犯

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² faːn²²/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² faːn²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ huan²²/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ huan²²/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³⁻²¹ huan³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² faːn²²/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² faːn²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ huan²²/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ huan²²/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³⁻²¹ huan³³/


合成

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/


前方

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹ fɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹ fɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/


後方

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/au²² hɔŋ³³/

/au³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/au³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hio²² hɔŋ³³/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/au²² hɔŋ³³/

/au³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/au³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hio²² hɔŋ³³/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/


點穴

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɛt̚²⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɛt̚¹²¹/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɛt̚²⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɛt̚¹²¹/

(martial arts) to hit a pressure point; to attack someone's vital point; to strike with the touch of death


配備

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ pei̯²²/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ pi³³/

/pʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pi⁴¹/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁵³ pi²²/

/pʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ pi³³/

/pʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pi³⁵/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ pei̯²²/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ pi³³/

/pʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pi⁴¹/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁵³ pi²²/

/pʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ pi³³/

/pʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pi³⁵/


參謀

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ moʊ̯²/

/t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ bɔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ¹³/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ bɔ²³/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰam³³⁻²³ mou⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ moʊ̯²/

/t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ bɔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ¹³/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ bɔ²³/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰam³³⁻²³ mou⁵⁵/


主將

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaŋ²¹/

(military) chief commander; commanding general


整備

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³⁵ pei̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³⁵ pei̯²²/

(chiefly Taiwan, military) to reorganize and outfit (of troops)


整備

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³⁵ pei̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³⁵ pei̯²²/

戰備整備

战备整备

(chiefly Taiwan, military) preparation; readiness


偽裝

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ³³/

/ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡suaŋ³³/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ³³/

/ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡suaŋ³³/


偽裝

Sino-Xenic (偽裝):
* → Japanese: 偽(ぎ)装(そう) (gisō)
* → Korean: 위장(僞裝) (wijang)
* → Vietnamese: nguỵ trang (偽裝)

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ³³/

/ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡suaŋ³³/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ³³/

/ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡suaŋ³³/


勤務

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ u⁵¹/

/kʰɐn²¹ mou̯²²/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² bu⁴¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu³³/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/kʰin¹³⁻²² bu²²/

/kʰin²³⁻³³ bu³³/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ u⁵¹/

/kʰɐn²¹ mou̯²²/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² bu⁴¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu³³/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/kʰin¹³⁻²² bu²²/

/kʰin²³⁻³³ bu³³/


轉移

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹³/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²³/

/t͡suaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡sø³³ ɦi⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹³/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²³/

/t͡suaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡sø³³ ɦi⁴⁴/


轉移

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹³/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²³/

/t͡suaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡sø³³ ɦi⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹³/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²³/

/t͡suaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡sø³³ ɦi⁴⁴/

交叉轉移

交叉转移

(fencing) disengage; disengagement; a circular movement of a weapon to avoid an opponent's parry


陣地

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɨn⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/tin²²⁻²¹ te²²/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɨn⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/tin²²⁻²¹ te²²/


學員

Sino-Xenic (學員):
* → Vietnamese: học viên (學員)

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːk̚² jyːn²¹/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ uan¹³/

/hak̚⁴⁻² uaŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːk̚² jyːn²¹/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ uan¹³/

/hak̚⁴⁻² uaŋ⁵⁵/

(military) cadet (rank held by military personnel during their training to become officers)


手槍

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰĩõ³³/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰĩõ³³/


戰友

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːn³³ jɐu̯¹³/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ iu⁵³/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ iu⁵³/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ iu⁵³/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ iu⁴¹/

/t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːn³³ jɐu̯¹³/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ iu⁵³/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ iu⁵³/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ iu⁵³/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ iu⁴¹/

/t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

(countable, military or figuratively) comrade in arms; fellow combatant (Classifier: 名 m)


政權

Sino-Xenic (政權):
* → Japanese: 政権(せいけん) (seiken)
* → Korean: 정권(政權) (jeonggwon)
* → Vietnamese: chính quyền (政權)

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ kʰyːn²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kuan²³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kuan¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuan²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ kʰyːn²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kuan²³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kuan¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuan²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuan²³/

掌握政權

掌握政权


露營

/lou̯²² jɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵⁵ i̯aŋ¹¹/

/lu¹¹ ʒaŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔu⁴² yŋ¹³/

/lɔu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yŋ²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ iã²⁴/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² iã²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ iã¹³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ iã²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ iã²³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ iã²⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ iã²³/

/lou̯²² jɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵⁵ i̯aŋ¹¹/

/lu¹¹ ʒaŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔu⁴² yŋ¹³/

/lɔu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yŋ²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ iã²⁴/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² iã²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ iã¹³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ iã²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ iã²³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ iã²⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ iã²³/


領海

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai⁴¹/

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai⁴¹/

(geography, politics) territorial waters


轟炸

/xʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/

/kʷɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡saː³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sa¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sa²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sa²¹/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡sa⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²¹/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²¹/

/hoŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sa²¹³/

/xʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/

/kʷɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡saː³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sa¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sa²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sa²¹/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡sa⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²¹/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²¹/

/hoŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sa²¹³/


迷彩服

/mi³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/mɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵ fʊk̚²/

/mi⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uʔ⁵/

/mi³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/mɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵ fʊk̚²/

/mi⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uʔ⁵/


滲透

/ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰoʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐm³³ tʰɐu̯³³/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰio⁴¹/

/sim²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²¹/

/sən³³ tɤ⁴⁴/

/ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰoʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐm³³ tʰɐu̯³³/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰio⁴¹/

/sim²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²¹/

/sən³³ tɤ⁴⁴/


突破

/tʰu⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɐt̚² pʰɔː³³/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰua¹¹/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰua²¹/

/tut̚²⁴⁻² pʰua⁴¹/

/tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰua²¹/

/tut̚²⁴⁻² pʰɔ⁴¹/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰo²¹/

/tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰo²¹/

/tuk̚⁴⁻² pʰua²¹³/

/tʰu⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɐt̚² pʰɔː³³/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰua¹¹/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰua²¹/

/tut̚²⁴⁻² pʰua⁴¹/

/tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰua²¹/

/tut̚²⁴⁻² pʰɔ⁴¹/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰo²¹/

/tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰo²¹/

/tuk̚⁴⁻² pʰua²¹³/

(literally, military) to breach a main defense position; to pierce; to penetrate


掩蔽

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

/jiːm³⁵ pɐi̯³³/

/iam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe²¹/

/iam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pe⁴¹/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

/jiːm³⁵ pɐi̯³³/

/iam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe²¹/

/iam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pe⁴¹/


標的

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/piːu̯⁵⁵ tɪk̚⁵/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/piːu̯⁵⁵ tɪk̚⁵/


機動

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/kei̯⁵⁵ tʊŋ²²/

/ki³³ tɔŋ²²/

/ki³³⁴ toŋ⁵³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/ki³³⁻²³ toŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/kei̯⁵⁵ tʊŋ²²/

/ki³³ tɔŋ²²/

/ki³³⁴ toŋ⁵³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/ki³³⁻²³ toŋ³⁵/

(military) to maneuver; to make a planned tactical movement of forces


部署

/pu⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/pou̯²² t͡sʰyː¹³/

/puo²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/pɔ²² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ su⁴¹/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ si⁵³/

/pou³⁵⁻¹¹ su⁵²/

/pu⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/pou̯²² t͡sʰyː¹³/

/puo²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/pɔ²² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ su⁴¹/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/pɔ²²⁻²¹ si⁵³/

/pou³⁵⁻¹¹ su⁵²/

部署兵力

部署技術

部署技术

國務院部署

国务院部署

(military or figurative) to lay out; to deploy; to arrange


安康

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

The outdated one-dimensional division has long been surpassed, and the current mainstream approach is a two-dimensional political spectrum that includes both left and right. The left can be further divided into authoritarian left and libertarian left, while the right can be divided into authoritarian right and libertarian right. The previous prevalence of the one-dimensional spectrum can be attributed not only to the manipulation of public opinion, as mentioned above, but also to the prolonged lack of prominence of extreme libertarian left (ancom) and extreme libertarian right (ancap).

2022, 左翼和右翼是如何划分的？

Yīwéi de zuǒ yòu huàfēn yǐjīng hěn zǎo jiù guòshí le, xiànzài zhǔliú huàfēn fāngshì shì èrwéi de zuǒ yòu zhèngzhì guāngpǔ, jí zuǒ kěyǐ fēnwèi wēiquán zuǒ hé zìyóu zuǒ, yòu yě kěyǐ huàfēn wèi wēiquán yòu hé zìyóu yòu. Zhīqián yīwéi guāngpǔ chángqī shèngxíng de yuányīn chúle shàngshù nàxiē huàshù hūyōu rén yǐwài, hái yīnwèi shì jíduān zìyóu zuǒ (ānkāng) hé jíduān zìyóu yòu (ānzī) de cúnzàigǎn chángqī tài dī dǎozhì de.

一維的左右劃分已經很早就過時了，現在主流劃分方式是二維的左右政治光譜，即左可以分為威權左和自由左，右也可以劃分為威權右和自由右。之前一維光譜長期盛行的原因除了上述那些話術忽悠人以外，還因為是極端自由左（安康）和極端自由右（安資）的存在感長期太低導致的。

2022, 左翼和右翼是如何划分的？

一维的左右划分已经很早就过时了，现在主流划分方式是二维的左右政治光谱，即左可以分为威权左和自由左，右也可以划分为威权右和自由右。之前一维光谱长期盛行的原因除了上述那些话术忽悠人以外，还因为是极端自由左（安康）和极端自由右（安资）的存在感长期太低导致的。

(politics, economics, Internet slang) ancom


尖兵

Sino-Xenic (尖兵):
* → Korean: 첨병(尖兵) (cheombyeong)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːm⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːm⁵⁵ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/


直刀

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


橋頭堡

Sino-Xenic (橋頭堡):
* → Japanese: 橋(きょう)頭(とう)堡(ほ) (kyōtōho)
* → Korean: 교두보(橋頭堡) (gyodubo)

ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄊㄡˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄊㄡˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹ pou̯³⁵/

(military) bridgehead (an area of ground on the enemy's side of a bridge)


駐屯

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

(military) to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops)


中隊

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tui²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tui³³/


援軍

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/wuːn²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/wuːn²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

(military) relief troops; military reinforcements


少尉

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³³ wɐi̯³³/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ uĩ²¹/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³³ wɐi̯³³/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ uĩ²¹/


現役

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ iaʔ⁴/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² iaʔ²⁴/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ iaʔ¹²¹/

/hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ iaʔ⁴/

/hiɛn³³⁻²¹ iaʔ⁴/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ iaʔ⁴/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² iaʔ²⁴/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ iaʔ¹²¹/

/hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ iaʔ⁴/

/hiɛn³³⁻²¹ iaʔ⁴/


連隊

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/liːn²¹ tɵy̯²²/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/liːn²¹ tɵy̯²²/


長官

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kuã³³/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kuã³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kuã³³/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuã⁴⁴/

/tiũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kuã³³/

(chiefly military) senior official; senior officer; commanding officer


士官

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/su²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/su⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/

/su²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/su³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/su³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/su²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/su⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/

/su²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/su³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/su³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer

(countable, military) non-commissioned officer (Classifier: 名 m)


死角

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

(military or figuratively) gap in coverage; gap in protection or defenses; neglected or overlooked area; dead end


任期

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/jɐm²² kʰei̯²¹/

/lim³³⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/lim⁴¹⁻²² ki²⁴/

/lim²²⁻²¹ ki²⁴/

/zim³³⁻²¹ ki²³/

/d͡zim²²⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/jɐm²² kʰei̯²¹/

/lim³³⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/lim⁴¹⁻²² ki²⁴/

/lim²²⁻²¹ ki²⁴/

/zim³³⁻²¹ ki²³/

/d͡zim²²⁻²¹ ki¹³/


退役

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tʰɵy̯³³ jɪk̚²/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tʰɵy̯³³ jɪk̚²/

(military) to be discharged (from active military service); to retire

(military) to decommission (military equipment); to deactivate


左翼

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

自由意志左翼


左翼

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ jɪk̚²/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴/


全線

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(military) entire front line; all fronts


右翼

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² jɪk̚²/

/iu⁴¹⁻²² iak̚²⁴/

/iu³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² jɪk̚²/

/iu⁴¹⁻²² iak̚²⁴/

/iu³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/


右翼

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² jɪk̚²/

/iu⁴¹⁻²² iak̚²⁴/

/iu³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² jɪk̚²/

/iu⁴¹⁻²² iak̚²⁴/

/iu³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/iu²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/


攻勢

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² se²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se¹¹/

/kɔŋ³³ se⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² se²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se¹¹/

/kɔŋ³³ se⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si²¹/


高地

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/


左派

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai¹¹/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai¹¹/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/


左派

Vietnamese: tả phái, cánh tả

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai¹¹/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai¹¹/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰai²¹/


中尉

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ui²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³ ui⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² uĩ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ui²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³ ui⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² uĩ²¹/


團長

/tʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰyːn²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰyːn²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

(military) commander of a regiment (usually with a rank equivalent to a colonel)


後援

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯²² wuːn²¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ uan³³/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ uan²²/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ uan³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯²² wuːn²¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ uan³³/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ uan²²/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ uan³³/


公使

Sino-Xenic (公使):
* → Japanese: 公使(こうし) (kōshi)
* → Korean: 공사(公使) (gongsa)
* → Vietnamese: công sứ (公使)

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ siː³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ sai⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ siː³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ sai⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai²¹/

(diplomacy) minister (rank of diplomat directly below ambassador)


崗位

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui³³/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ ui¹¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui³³/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ ui¹¹/


驅逐艦

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚² laːm²²/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lam²²/

/kʰu³³ tiɔk̚²⁴⁻² lam⁴¹/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lam²²/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lam³³/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lam³³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚² laːm²²/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lam²²/

/kʰu³³ tiɔk̚²⁴⁻² lam⁴¹/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lam²²/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lam³³/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lam³³/


民防

/min³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ fɔːŋ²¹/

/min³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ fɔːŋ²¹/


右派

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/iu²²⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ pʰai¹¹/

/iu³³⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/iu²²⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ pʰai¹¹/

/iu³³⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/


右派

Vietnamese: hữu phái, cánh hữu

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/iu²²⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ pʰai¹¹/

/iu³³⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/

/joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³/

/jɐu̯²² pʰaːi̯³³⁻⁵⁵/

/iu²²⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/

/iu³³⁻¹¹ pʰai¹¹/

/iu³³⁻²¹ pʰai²¹/


排長

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/pai²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/pai¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/pai²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/pai¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

(military) platoon commander; lieutenant; sergeant


連長

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liːn²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liːn²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/


營長

/iŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/yɒ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lyɒŋ¹³/

/ỹã²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nyøŋ²⁴/

/iã²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/iã²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/iã²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/iã²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/iã¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/iŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/yɒ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lyɒŋ¹³/

/ỹã²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nyøŋ²⁴/

/iã²³⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/iã²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/iã²⁴⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/iã²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/iã¹³⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/


旅長

/ly²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁵³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃⁵³/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiũ⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴¹/

/ly²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁵³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃⁵³/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiũ⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴¹/

(military) brigade commander; brigadier general


師長

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/sɯ³³ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/sɯ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/sɯ³³ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/sɯ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

(military) division commander; major general


軍長

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/


交叉

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/kʰaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰa⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/kʰaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰa⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/


柵欄

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ län¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lɑɻ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nuã²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ län¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lɑɻ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nuã²⁴/


深淵

Sino-Xenic (深淵):
* → Japanese: 深淵(しんえん) (shin'en)
* → Korean: 심연(深淵) (simyeon)

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ⁵³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn⁴⁴/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ⁵³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn⁴⁴/

(heraldry) abyss (center of an escutcheon)


套數

/tʰɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/tʰo²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ²¹/

/tʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/tʰɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/tʰo²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ²¹/

/tʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

(martial arts) series of tricks and skills in wushu, etc.


漢奸

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ kaːn⁵⁵/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ kan⁴²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kan³³/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ kaːn⁵⁵/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ kan⁴²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kan³³/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

(ethnic slur, politics) traitor to the Han ethnicity or the Chinese


自決

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰyːt̚³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kuat̚⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kuat̚³²/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kuat̚³²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kuat̚³²/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰyːt̚³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kuat̚⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kuat̚³²/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kuat̚³²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kuat̚³²/

to decide by oneself; to solve by oneself

(specifically, government, politics) to have self-determination (political independence of a people)


自決權

ㄗˋ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

ㄗˋ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

цзыцзюэцюань

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰyːt̚³ kʰyːn²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰyːt̚³ kʰyːn²¹/

(government, politics) right of self-determination


主力軍

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/


生力

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚²/


主機

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sy⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ki⁵³³/

/t͡sy³³²⁻²¹ ki⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sy⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ki⁵³³/

/t͡sy³³²⁻²¹ ki⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/


金磚四國

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄢ ㄙˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄢ ㄙˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Цзиньчжуаньсыго

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(politics, economics) BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China)


金磚

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵/

(politics, economics) BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa); BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China): a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.


部屬

/pu⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ siɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ siɔk̚⁴/

/pu⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔ³³⁻²¹ siɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ³³⁻¹¹ siɔk̚⁴/


主體

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/

(communism) Juche (calendar of North Korea)


底線

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³⁵ siːn³³/

/toi⁵²⁻³⁵ sũã²¹³/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³⁵ siːn³³/

/toi⁵²⁻³⁵ sũã²¹³/

(Mainland China, espionage) planted agent


地堡

/ti⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(military) bunker; blockhouse; pillbox; underground haven


引誘

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn¹³ jɐu̯¹³/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu⁴¹/

/iŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɦin²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn¹³ jɐu̯¹³/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu⁴¹/

/iŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɦin²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

(fencing) invitation; an open line that intices an opponent to attack


翼側

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/


站崗

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːm²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡san⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡san²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːm²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡san⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡san²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

(military) to perform sentry duty; to keep watch


陣線

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/tin⁴¹⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/tin²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/tin³³⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/tin³³⁻²¹ suã²¹/

(politics) alignment (especially towards a political party)


巴祖卡

/pä⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/


閃躲

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːm³⁵ tɔː³⁵/

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːm³⁵ tɔː³⁵/

(fencing) volt; a sudden defensive action with the purpose of avoiding a thrust


攻破

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɔː³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɔː³³/

Tonight the Northern troops breached the north wall, and I determined to take my own life.

1699, Kong Shangren, The Peach Blossom Fan, scene 38, translated by Harold Acton

Běi bīng jīnyè gōngpò běichéng, ǎn yǐ mǎnpīnzìjìn.

北兵今夜攻破北城，俺已滿拚自盡。

北兵今夜攻破北城，俺已满拚自尽。

(chiefly military) to breach; to break through; to make a breakthrough


護衛艦

ㄏㄨˋ ㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

ㄏㄨˋ ㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

/xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


紅線

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ siːn³³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã²¹³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ siːn³³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã²¹³/

(figurative, politics) central and politically correct theme of a piece of writing


下野

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² jɛː¹³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/ha³³⁻²¹ ia⁴¹/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ ia⁵³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² jɛː¹³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/ha³³⁻²¹ ia⁴¹/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ ia⁵³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/


前沿

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² iɛn¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² iɛn¹³/

站在前沿

(military or figuratively) front line; forefront; forward position; leading position


戰線

Sino-Xenic (戰線):
* → Japanese: 戦線(せんせん) (sensen)
* → Korean: 전선(戰線) (jeonseon)
* → Vietnamese: chiến tuyến (戰線)

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ suã⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ suã¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ suã²¹/

/t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sũã²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ suã⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ suã²¹/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ suã¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ suã²¹/

/t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sũã²¹³/


芒角

/mɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/mɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/


炮火的洗禮

ㄆㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄒㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄆㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄒㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ

паохо дэ сили

/pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴ ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Christianity, military, figuratively) baptism of fire


群眾路線

群众路线
群衆路線
群眾路綫
群衆路綫
羣眾路線
羣衆路線
羣眾路綫
羣衆路綫

ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

цюньчжун лусянь

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³ lou̯²² siːn³³/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³³ lou̯²² siːn³³/

For over twenty years our Party has carried on mass work every day, and for the past dozen years it has talked about the mass line every day. We have always maintained that the revolution must rely on the masses of the people, on everybody's taking a hand, and have opposed relying merely on a few persons issuing orders.

1948, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《對晉綏日報編輯人員的談話》 (A Talk to the Editorial Staff of the Shansi-Suiyuan Daily), 《毛澤東選集》 (Selected Works of Mao Zedong). English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Wǒ Dǎng èrshí jǐ nián lái, tiāntiān zuò qúnzhòng gōngzuò, jìn shí jǐ nián lái, tiāntiān jiǎng qúnzhòng lùxiàn. Wǒmen lìlái zhǔzhāng gémìng yào yīkào rénmín qúnzhòng, dàjiā dòngshǒu, fǎnduì zhǐ yīkào shǎoshù rén fāhàoshīlìng.

我黨二十幾年來，天天做群眾工作，近十幾年來，天天講群眾路線。我們歷來主張革命要依靠人民群眾，大家動手，反對只依靠少數人發號施令。

我党二十几年来，天天做群众工作，近十几年来，天天讲群众路线。我们历来主张革命要依靠人民群众，大家动手，反对只依靠少数人发号施令。


彈頭

/tän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tän⁵¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/taːn²²⁻³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tän⁵¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/taːn²²⁻³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(weaponry) payload of a projectile fired from a weapon (the part of a projectile that is not concerned with propulsion or guidance)


小綠人

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄩˋ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄩˋ ㄖㄣˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

(geopolitics) little green man (soldier lacking identification as to create uncertainty around their allegiance)


國父

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ fuː²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ fu³²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ fuː²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ fu³²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu²²/

(politics) founding father of a nation or state

founding father of a nation or state
epithet of Sun Yat-sen


紅領巾

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄣ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄣ

/xʊŋ³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ lɛːŋ¹³ kɐn⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² niã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² niã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² niã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kin⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ lɛːŋ¹³ kɐn⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² niã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² niã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² niã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kin⁴⁴/

(communism) red scarf (as worn by young pioneers)

1954, “讓我們盪起雙槳”, 喬羽 (lyrics), 劉熾 (music):

紅領巾迎著太陽

红领巾迎着太阳


內政

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/nɔːi̯²² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/lue²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/lue⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/lue³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/lue³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/lai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/lai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/nɔːi̯²² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/lue²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/lue⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/lue³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/lue³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/lai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/lai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

內政部長

内政部长

to interfere in China's internal affairs

干涉中國內政

干涉中国内政

(government, politics) internal affairs (of a country); domestic affairs


鹿砦

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² t͡saːi̯²²/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² t͡saːi̯²²/


軍刀

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


重劍

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ kiːm³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ kiːm³³/


瓦斯

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ siː⁵⁵/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴⁴/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ɡa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ɡa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ɡa⁵⁵⁻³⁵ suʔ⁵/

/ɡa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ suʔ²/

/ɡa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ suʔ³²/

/ŋo²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ siː⁵⁵/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴⁴/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ɡa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ɡa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suʔ³²/

/ɡa⁵⁵⁻³⁵ suʔ⁵/

/ɡa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ suʔ²/

/ɡa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ suʔ³²/

/ŋo²² sz̩⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 瓦斯(ガス) (gasu), from English gas.
See also 嘎斯 (> 嘎斯罐).

催淚瓦斯

催泪瓦斯

窒息瓦斯


生力軍

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚² kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚² kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴⁻³² kun⁴⁴/


商團

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

(military, chiefly historical) urban defense corps


上校

→ Uyghur: شاڭشياۋ (shangshyaw)

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² kaːu̯³³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hau³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hau³³/

/siaŋ³³⁻²¹ hau³³/

/siaŋ³³⁻¹¹ hau³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² kaːu̯³³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hau³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hau³³/

/siaŋ³³⁻²¹ hau³³/

/siaŋ³³⁻¹¹ hau³³/

(military) colonel (of an army, air force, etc.); captain (of a navy)


分隊

/fən⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/