三教合一

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄧ

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄧ

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³ hɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³ hɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵/

(religion) the Three Teachings (i.e., Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism) in Chinese culture and religious life, coexisting as syncretism


開經

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

《開經偈》

《开经偈》

(Buddhism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion) opening sutra

Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion


偈文

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ wən³⁵/


四句偈

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/


以物配主

ㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄆㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ

ㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄆㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


依禪

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/


信士

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ siː²²/

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ siː²²/

First attested in Muhammad Ma Jian's Chinese translation of the Quran, which serves as the Chinese term for the Quranic Arabic term يأيها الذين آمنوا (“O you who believe”)

信士的長官

信士的长官


授記

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

(Buddhism) the Buddha's prediction; vyākarā


無間地獄

ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ

ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ

/u³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

(Buddhism) Avīci (the lowest level of the “hell” realm)


無影塔

/u³⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u³⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) Wuying Pagoda (Buddhist pagoda in Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


興福寺塔

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄈㄨˊ ㄙˋ ㄊㄚˇ

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄈㄨˊ ㄙˋ ㄊㄚˇ

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fu³⁵ sz̩⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fu³⁵ sz̩⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) Wuying Pagoda (alternate name for 無影塔／无影塔 (Wúyǐng Tǎ))


教義學

ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/


三毒

Calque of Sanskrit त्रिविष (triviṣa, “three poisons”). Compare Tibetan དུག་གསུམ་ (dug gsum).

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(Buddhism) three poisons, three fires (the three root kleshas in Buddhism)


參悟

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ ŋ̍²²/

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ ŋ̍²²/

(Buddhism) to realize through meditation


八識

/pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/


九山八海

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄕㄢ ㄅㄚ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄕㄢ ㄅㄚ ㄏㄞˇ

цзюшаньбахай

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) the Nine Mountains and Eight Seas in Buddhist cosmology, which surround Mt. Sumeru


壇經

/tʰän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


六祖壇經

ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄗㄨˇ ㄊㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄗㄨˇ ㄊㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

Люцзу Таньцзин

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


六祖

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


惠能

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/


禪宗六祖

ㄔㄢˊ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄗㄨˇ

ㄔㄢˊ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄗㄨˇ

Чаньцзунлюцзу

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


信士的長官

ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ

ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ

Синьши дэ Чжангуань

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ siː²² tɪk̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ siː²² tɪk̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

Calque of Arabic أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (ʔamīr al-muʔminīna).

calque

أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

Commander of the Faithful
Commander of the Faithful


碧眼胡

/pi⁵¹ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/pi⁵¹ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/


藏經閣

/t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(Buddhism) scripture depository, The Sutra Library


天耳

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of Sanskrit दिव्यश्रोत्र (divyaśrotra).

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दिव्यश्रोत्र

〈大本經〉"The Scripture of the Great Origin" in 《長阿含經》 Dirgha Agama, Later Qin, Hongshi era (399-416 CE), Chinese translation by 佛陀耶舍 Buddhayaśsa and 竺佛念 Zhu Fonian

Ěrshí, shìzūn zài xiánjìng chù, tiān'ěr qīngjìng, wén zhū bǐqiū zuò rúshì yì, jí cóng zuò qǐ, yì huālíntáng, jiù zuò ér zuò.

爾時，世尊在閑靜處，天耳清淨，聞諸比丘作如是議，即從座起，詣花林堂，就座而坐。

尔时，世尊在闲静处，天耳清净，闻诸比丘作如是议，即从座起，诣花林堂，就座而坐。

(Buddhism) "divine ear", supernatural hearing possesed by the Buddha


文尼

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुनि (muni), possibly shortened from 釋迦文尼 /释迦文尼 (Shìjiāwénní), ultimately from शाक्यमुनि (śākyamuni). (Dassanayake (2021))

(Buddhism, archaic, now rare) Śākyamuni; Gautama Buddha


禪機

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/


禪理

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


禪趣

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/


禪堂

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (禪堂):
* → Japanese: 禅(ぜん)堂(どう) (zendō)
* → Korean: 선당(禪堂) (seondang)
* → Vietnamese: thiền đường (禪堂)

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/siːm²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/siːm²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/


禪悟

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ u⁵¹/

/siːm²¹ ŋ̍²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ u⁵¹/

/siːm²¹ ŋ̍²²/

(Buddhism) to realize truth through meditation


禮讚

Sino-Xenic (禮讚):
* → Japanese: 礼賛(らいさん) (raisan)
* → Korean: 예찬(禮讚) (yechan)

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sän⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ t͡saːn³³/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²¹/

/le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡san⁴¹/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²¹/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san¹¹/

/le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sän⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ t͡saːn³³/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²¹/

/le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡san⁴¹/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²¹/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡san¹¹/

/le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡san²¹/

(Buddhism) to worship and praise Triple Gem; to praise Buddha


禪道

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


劫波

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kiːp̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kiːp̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “kalpa”).

(Buddhism) kalpa (a unit of cosmological time)


本教

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/


善女

/ʂän⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) pious woman; woman of good character


善女人

/ʂän⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂän⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/


金口

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

(honorific) voice; speech
(Buddhism) the Buddha's speech


神壇

/ʂən³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ tʰaːn²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² tuã¹³/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ tuã²⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ tuã²³/

/ʂən³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ tʰaːn²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² tuã¹³/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ tuã²⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ tuã²³/

(religion) a table for religious rites; an altar; a pedestal


靈童

/liŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/liŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/


轉世靈童

ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄕˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ

ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄕˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ

чжуаньши линтун

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ liŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡syːn³⁵ sɐi̯³³ lɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ liŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡syːn³⁵ sɐi̯³³ lɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/


佛海

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) the Buddhist world, as deep as the ocean


般若湯

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Qūgōng dàn zuò jíxiáng wò, jiāoshé wéi wú bōrětāng.

曲肱但作吉祥卧，澆舌惟無般若湯。

曲肱但作吉祥卧，浇舌惟无般若汤。


超昇

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(Buddhism, of a person) to ascend to the Western paradise


大讚辭

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sän⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


安拉胡阿克巴

ānlāhú'ākèbā

ㄢ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄅㄚ

ānlāhú'ākèbā

ㄢ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄅㄚ

аньлаху’акэба

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic الله أكبر. Doublet of 阿拉花瓜 (Ālāhuāguā).

bor

Arabic الله أكبر


八風

/pä⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) eight worldly agitations of the heart


佛緣

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


尊者

/t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

摩訶迦葉尊者

摩诃迦叶尊者

達賴喇嘛尊者

达赖喇嘛尊者

(Buddhism) the Reverend; the Venerable; his Holiness


屍陀林

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lin³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit शीत (śīta) + 林 (lín, “woods”).


門宦

/mən³⁵ xu̯än⁵¹/

/mən³⁵ xu̯än⁵¹/

Maybe from 門閥 /门阀 (ménfá, “school; faction; clique”) or from 門戶 /门户 (ménhù, “sect; faction; school”). First attested in the late 19th century.


大吹法螺

→ Japanese: 法螺(ほら)を吹(ふ)く (hora o fuku) (calque), 法螺(ほら)吹(ふ)き (hora fuki) (calque)

ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄨㄟ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄨㄟ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɔː²¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɔː²¹/

From earlier 吹大法螺 (chuīdàfǎluó). This term appeared in various Buddhist texts. The following is one of the examples from the Lotus Sutra

I am very sure that the Buddha, the Bhagavat, will now teach the great Dharma, rain down the great Dharma, blow the conch of the great Dharma, beat the drum of the great Dharma, and reveal the meaning of the great Dharma.

Lotus Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva (English translation extracted from https://www.bdk.or.jp/document/dgtl-dl/dBET_T0262_LotusSutra_2007.pdf)

Jīn fó shìzūn yù shuō dàfǎ, yǔ dàfǎ yǔ, chuī dàfǎ luó, jī dàfǎ gǔ, yǎn dàfǎ yì.

今佛世尊欲說大法，雨大法雨，吹大法螺，擊大法鼓，演大法義。

今佛世尊欲说大法，雨大法雨，吹大法螺，击大法鼓，演大法义。

to play the Buddhist conch shell trumpet


善果

/ʂän⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


晡禮

/pu⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Islam) asr (the afternoon Islamic prayer)


底蓋爾

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Classical Persian دیگر (dīgar).


晌禮

/ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Islam) dhuhr (the midday Islamic prayer)


撇什尼

/pʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Classical Persian پیشین (pīšīn).


慧根

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² kɐn⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² kɐn⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) faculty of wisdom; prajñendriya


揭諦

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ di⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ di⁴⁴/

From Sanskrit गते (gate), the vocative singular of गति (gáti).
The term was introduced into China through the Heart Sutra

Gate! Gate! Pāragate! Pārasamgate! Bodhi Svāhā! (Gone gone, gone beyond, gone utterly beyond, Enlightenment hail!)

Jiēdì! Jiēdì! Bōluó jiēdì! Bōluó sēng jiēdì! Pútí sàpóhē!

揭諦！揭諦！波羅揭諦！波羅僧揭諦！菩提薩婆訶！

揭谛！揭谛！波罗揭谛！波罗僧揭谛！菩提萨婆诃！

(Buddhism) go (beyond and to enlightenment)!


揭諦

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ di⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ tɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ di⁴⁴/

揭諦！揭諦！波羅揭諦！波羅僧揭諦！菩提薩婆訶！

揭谛！揭谛！波罗揭谛！波罗僧揭谛！菩提萨婆诃！


我執

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (我執):
* → Japanese: 我(が)執(しゅう) (gashū)
* → Korean: 아집(我執) (ajip)

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit आत्मग्राह (ātmagrāha).

calque

(Buddhism) the belief that the ego exists, in opposition to the Buddhist concept of anattā or non-self


吉哈德

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/


帝釋天

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


大日經

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大日經):
* → Japanese: 大日経(だいにちきょう) (dainichikyō)
* → Korean: 대일경(大日經) (daeilgyeong)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


仙公廟

ㄒㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

ㄒㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɤ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bio³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɤ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bio³³/

(chiefly Taiwan, religion) temple of Lü Dongbin


如是我聞

ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ ㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ ㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄣˊ

/ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/jyː²¹ siː²² ŋɔː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/zu²³⁻³³ si³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/jyː²¹ siː²² ŋɔː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/zu²³⁻³³ si³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

Calque of Sanskrit एवं मया श्रुतम् (evaṃ mayā śrutam). The syntax of this translation directly reflects the original Sanskrit as opposed to the lesser-used 我聞如是／我闻如是 (wǒwénrúshì). The "I" in the translation generally refers to the Buddha's cousin Ānanda 阿難／阿难 (Ānán), renowned for having the best memory among the Buddha's disciples.

calque

एवं मया श्रुतम्

zh-l

我聞如是／我闻如是 (wǒwénrúshì)

阿難／阿难 (Ānán)

Thus have I heard: The Buddha was once at the dharma-bodhimanda in the forest of Magādha (Bodh Gayā), just having attained enlightenment.

The Avataṃsaka Sūtra, translated by Śikṣānanda circa 7ᵗʰ century CE

Rúshìwǒwén: yīshí, fó zài Mójiétíguó ālánrě fǎ pútí chǎng zhōng, shǐ chéng zhèngjiào.

如是我聞：一時，佛在摩竭提國阿蘭若法菩提場中，始成正覺。

如是我闻：一时，佛在摩竭提国阿兰若法菩提场中，始成正觉。

(Buddhism) Thus have I heard... (a common opening of Buddhist texts)


神檯

/ʂən³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹ sɐn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sɐn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹ sɐn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

神檯貓屎——神憎鬼厭 / 神台猫屎——神憎鬼厌

san4 toi4 maau1 si2, san4 zang1 gwai2 jim3


釋提桓因

ㄕˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄧㄣ

ㄕˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄧㄣ

Шитихуаньинь

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ xu̯än³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ xu̯än³⁵ in⁵⁵/

Clipping of Sanskrit शक्रो देवानं इन्द्रः (śakro devānaṃ indraḥ), "Sakra, Lord of the Devas".

bor

शक्रो देवानं इन्द्रः


閻君爺

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

(Xiamen Hokkien, Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


伊布力斯

/i⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


煩惱絲

/fän³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

三千煩惱絲

三千烦恼丝

(Buddhism or literary) hair (on the head)


嘛呢石

/mä⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/mä⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/


隨喜

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (隨喜):
* → Japanese: 隨(ずい)喜(き) (zuiki)
* → Korean: 수희(隨喜) (suhui)

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ hei̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ hei̯³⁵/

(Buddhism) to be pleased for people's good deeds


以便以謝

ㄧˇ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄝˋ

ㄧˇ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄝˋ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ piːn²² jiː¹³ t͡sɛː²²/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ piːn²² jiː¹³ t͡sɛː²²/


厄本厄則爾

ㄜˋ ㄅㄣˇ ㄜˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄦˇ

ㄜˋ ㄅㄣˇ ㄜˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄦˇ

/ˀɤ⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɐk̚⁵ puːn³⁵ ɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³/

/ɐk̚⁵ puːn³⁵ ɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³/


厄里

/ˀɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


犯太歲

ㄈㄢˋ ㄊㄞˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ

ㄈㄢˋ ㄊㄞˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/faːn²² tʰaːi̯³³ sɵy̯³³/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/faːn²² tʰaːi̯³³ sɵy̯³³/

(mythology, religion) to offend or to conflict with the god of the current year


戒牒

Sino-Xenic (戒牒):
* → Japanese: 戒(かい)牒(ちょう) (kaichō)
* → Korean: 계첩(戒牒) (gyecheop)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵/

(Buddhism) identity document for Buddhist monks and nuns verifying their ordination


受戒

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sɐu̯²² kaːi̯³³/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sɐu̯²² kaːi̯³³/

(Buddhism) to take the precepts (for new monks and nuns)


戒場

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

(Buddhism) a venue where new monks and nuns take the precepts


五葷

Sino-Xenic (五葷):
* → Japanese: 五(ご)葷(くん) (gokun)
* → Korean: 오훈(五葷) (ohun)

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) "five pungent roots" (five forbidden vegetables in Buddhist cuisine)


法座

Sino-Xenic (法座):
* → Japanese: 法(ほう)座(ざ) (hōza)
* → Korean: 법좌(法座) (beopjwa)
* → Vietnamese: pháp toà (法座)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/


竺乾

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/


迦陵頻伽

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

цзялинпиньцзя

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ pʰin³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ pʰin³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit कलविङ्क (kalaviṅka).

(Buddhism) kalaviṅka, a mythical human-faced bird


出俗

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ su³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ su³⁵/

(literary, intransitive, Buddhism, Taoism) to leave home to become monk or nun


朝頂

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) to make a pilgrimage to a great mountain


和夷羅

/xɤ³⁵ i³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ i³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


質多

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


釋迦文

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

Older borrowing from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (Śākyamuni, “sage of the Śākyas”). Largely superseded by 釋迦牟尼 /释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní).

bor

(Buddhism, obsolete) Śākyamuni; Gautama Buddha


五陰

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/


摩訶薩

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

Short for 摩訶薩埵／摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ) from Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

Púsà móhēsà xué sānshì zhū fó suǒ xíng fǎ gù.

菩薩摩訶薩學三世諸佛所行法故。

菩萨摩诃萨学三世诸佛所行法故。

(Buddhism) mahasattva, a "great bodhisattva", one explicitly defined by their devotion to bodhicitta


懺摩

/ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “pardon, forgiveness”).

‘Kṣamā' is "repentance" in the barbarian tongue.

Commentary on the Sutra on the Contemplation on the Buddha of Immeasurable Life by Shandao)

懺摩，胡語，此云悔過。

忏摩，胡语，此云悔过。


三災

/sän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/

The Buddha told the bhikshus: "There are three calamities in a world-period. What are those three? The first is the calamity of fire, the second is the calamity of water, the third is the calamity of wind.

Fó gào bǐqiū: “Shì yǒu sānzāi. Yúnhé wèi sān? Yī zhě huǒzāi, èr zhě shuǐzāi, sān zhě fēngzāi.”

佛告比丘：「世有三災。云何為三？一者火災，二者水災，三者風災。」

佛告比丘：「世有三灾。云何为三？一者火灾，二者水灾，三者风灾。」

(Buddhism) The three calamities at the end of a kalpa; namely, those of fire, flooding, and wind.


三篋

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Calque of Pali tipiṭaka, from ti (“three”) + piṭaka (“basket, collection of canons”), and Sanskrit त्रिपिटक (tripiṭaka), from त्रि (tri) + पिटक (piṭaka).


四大部洲

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄡ

сы да бу чжоу

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) The four great continents of Buddhist cosmology; namely Jambudvīpa in the south, Pūrvavideha in the east, Aparagodānīya in the west, and Uttarakuru in the north.


綺語

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) idle, pointless speech, one of the Ten Evil Deeds (十惡).


優婆夷

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ i³⁵/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ i³⁵/


肉髻

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (肉髻):
* → Korean: 육계(肉髻) (yukgye)

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Borrowed ultimately from Sanskrit उष्णीष (uṣṇīṣa).

(Buddhism) ushnisha, the fleshy swelling or top-knot on the head in depictions of the Buddha.


摩睺羅伽

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄡˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄝˊ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄡˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄝˊ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit महोरग (mahoraga).


四眾

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit चतस्रः पर्षदः (catasraḥ parṣadaḥ). Compare Tibetan འཁོར་བཞི་པོ། ('khor bzhi po)

cal

चतस्रः पर्षदः

cog

འཁོར་བཞི་པོ།

Then Maitreya Bodhisattva, wishing to resolve his own doubts, and observing the minds of the four divisions of monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, and the devas, nagas, spirits, and others in the assembly, asked Manjushri saying:

ěrshí mílèpúsà yù zì juéyí, yòu guān sìzhòng bǐqiū, bǐqiūní, yōupósài, yōupóyí, jí zhūtiān, lóng, guǐshén děng zhònghuì zhī xīn, ér wèn wénshūshīlì yán:

爾時彌勒菩薩欲自決疑，又觀四眾比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷，及諸天，龍、鬼神等眾會之心，而問文殊師利言：

尔时弥勒菩萨欲自决疑，又观四众比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷，及诸天，龙、鬼神等众会之心，而问文殊师利言：

(Buddhism) the four divisions of Buddhist disciples; namely 比丘 (bǐqiū), 比丘尼 (bǐqiūní), 優婆塞 /优婆塞 (yōupósè), 優婆夷 /优婆夷 (yōupóyí).


滅度

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (滅度):
* → Vietnamese: diệt độ (滅度)

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

Translation of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa).


佛土

Sino-Xenic (佛土):
* → Korean: 불토(佛土) (bulto)

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of Sanskrit बुद्धक्षेत्र (buddhakṣetra), from बुद्ध (buddha, “Buddha”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land”).

cal

बुद्धक्षेत्र


鳩槃荼

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit कुम्भाण्ड (kumbhāṇḍa).

Kumbhandas are urn-shaped ghosts, whose appearance resemble winter melons.

Annotations to the Lotus Sutra 《妙法蓮華經科註》

Jiūpántú zhě, cǐ yún wèng xíng guǐ, zhuàngmào dōngguā.

鳩槃荼者，此云甕形鬼，狀貌冬瓜。

鸠槃荼者，此云瓮形鬼，状貌冬瓜。

(Buddhism) kumbhanda (a type of dwarfish, misshapen spirit)


緊那羅

ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


善根

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (善根):
* → Japanese: 善根(ぜんこん) (zenkon)
* → Korean: 선근(善根) (seon'geun)

/ʂän⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit कुशलमूल (kuśalamūla, literally “roots of good”).


虛空藏

/ɕy⁵⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɕy⁵⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit आकाशगर्भ (ākāśagarbha, literally “heavenly womb”).

(Buddhism) (～菩薩) Akasagarbha bodhisattva


無盡意菩薩

ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄧˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄧˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

Уцзиньи Пуса

/u³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit अक्षयमति (akṣayamati, literally “inexhaustible intent”).


大勢至菩薩

ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄓˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄓˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

Дашичжи Пуса

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit महास्थामप्राप्त (mahāsthāmaprāpta).

महास्थामप्राप्त


金剛手

Цзиньган Шоу

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of Sanskrit वज्रपाणि (vajrapāṇi, literally “vajra in hand”).


日光菩薩

ㄖˋ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄖˋ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit सूर्यप्रभ (sūryaprabha, literally “sun light”).


月光菩薩

ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit चन्द्रप्रभ (candraprabha, literally “moon light”).


如意寶珠

ㄖㄨˊ ㄧˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄓㄨ

ㄖㄨˊ ㄧˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄓㄨ

/ʐu³⁵ i⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʐu³⁵ i⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit चिन्तामणि (cintāmaṇi)

(Buddhism) a fabulous gem supposed to fulfill all desires of its possessor


佛事

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

He constantly gave alms to several hundred monks at his official residence, so that there were Buddhist ceremonies day and night.

Cháng yú fǔ shě fàn sēng shù bǎi, shǐ zhòuyè wèi fóshì.

常於府捨飯僧數百，使晝夜為佛事。

常于府舍饭僧数百，使昼夜为佛事。

(Buddhism) Buddhist devotional activities.

(Buddhism) teachings and actions of a Buddha.


佛剎

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्धक्षेत्र (buddhakṣetra), from बुद्ध (buddha, “Buddha”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land”).

bor

बुद्धक्षेत्र


伎樂

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/


共命鳥

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Derived from Sanskrit जीवजीवक (jīvajīvaka) and 鳥／鸟 (niǎo, “bird”).


塵緣

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


正語

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (正語):
* → Japanese: 正(しょう)語(ご) (shōgo)
* → Korean: 정어(正語) (jeong'eo)

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


𠆙

Combination of fanqie characters (切身): 亭 (MC deng) + 夜 (MC yaeH).

(Buddhism, obsolete) Used in transcription.


應真

Sino-Xenic (應真):
* → Japanese: 応真(おうしん) (ōshin)
* → Korean: 응진(應眞) (eungjin)

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit अर्हत् (arhat), seen in earlier translations into Chinese. Largely replaced by the transliteration 阿羅漢／阿罗汉 (āluóhàn) in later translations.

zh-l

阿羅漢／阿罗汉 (āluóhàn)


人中上

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama, literally “the best among men”).

cal

I take refuge in the Best Among Men, the limitless lord of the Three Realms.

歸命人中上，三界無極尊。

归命人中上，三界无极尊。


剎土

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra) combined with Chinese 土 (tǔ). Displaced by 世界 (shìjiè) in later translations.

He arose from his seat and spoke to Ananda, saying: "I have observed the trichiliocosm of worlds and do not see it."

Jí cóng zuò qǐ yǔ Ānán yuē: “Wǒ jīn yǐ guān sānqiāndàqiān chàtǔ ér bù jiàn zhī.”

即從坐起語阿難曰：「我今已觀三千大千剎土而不見之。」

即从坐起语阿难曰：「我今已观三千大千刹土而不见之。」


禪思

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

Clipping of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna) + Chinese 思 (sī). Displaced by 禪定／禅定 (chándìng) in later translations.

(Buddhism, archaic) concentration in meditation


惡道

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit दुर्गति (durgati, “bad path”).

What profession were you in that led to your rebirth into a bad path?

作何行業，墮於惡道。

作何行业，堕于恶道。

(Buddhism) an unfortunate state of rebirth.


天尊

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

; “Bhagavan”
Calque of Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān, “[he who is] honored by the gods”), with भग (bhaga) used in the sense of "gods". Displaced by 世尊 (Shìzūn) in later translations.

"The One Honored by the Gods is saving the world at present; may I in later lives attain the Way like the Buddha."

Rújīn Tiānzūn, jiùhù shìjiān; yuàn wǒ hòu shì, dé dào rú fó.

如今天尊，救護世間；願我後世，得道如佛。

如今天尊，救护世间；愿我后世，得道如佛。

(Buddhism, archaic) Bhagavan; Lord; Honoured One (title of the Buddha)


阿逸多

/ˀä⁵⁵ i⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ i⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit अजित (ajita, literally “invincible”).

bor

(Buddhism) an epithet for Maitreya bodhisattva


阿耆多

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


摩訶波闍波提

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ ㄅㄛ ㄕㄜˊ ㄅㄛ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ ㄅㄛ ㄕㄜˊ ㄅㄛ ㄊㄧˊ

Мохэбошэботи

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit महाप्रजापती (Mahāprajāpatī).

^महाप्रजापती

(Buddhism) Mahaprajapati (step-mother of the Buddha)


溥柔軟音

ㄆㄨˇ ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄣ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄣ

Пужоужуаньинь

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit मञ्जुघोष (mañjughoṣa, literally “pleasant sound”).

cal

(Buddhism) Mañjughoṣā, an epithet of Manjushri bodhisattva.


大勢至

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit महास्थामप्राप्त (mahāsthāmaprāpta).

महास्थामप्राप्त

～菩薩 大勢至菩薩#Chinese

(Buddhism) (～菩薩) Mahasthamaprapta bodhisattva


靈鷲山

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄢ

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄢ

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit गृद्धकूट (gṛddhakūṭa, “vulture peak”).


離垢

/li³⁵ koʊ̯⁵¹/

/li³⁵ koʊ̯⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit विमल (vimala, “without filth”).


那落迦

ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit नरक (naraka).


開士

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened person”). Displaced by the transliteration 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà) in later translations.

zh-l

菩薩／菩萨 (púsà)


群萌

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/


淨飯王

ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

Цзинфань Ван

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit शुद्धोदन (Śuddhodana, “he who grows pure rice”) and Chinese 王 (wáng, “king”).

cal

King Śuddhodana had two sons: one was named Siddhartha, and the other Nanda.

Jìngfànwáng shēng èr zǐ, yī míng Xīdáduō, èr míng Nántuó.

淨飯王生二子，一名悉達多，二名難陀。

净饭王生二子，一名悉达多，二名难陀。

(Buddhism) King Suddhodana (father of the Buddha)


難陀

/nän³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nän³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit नन्द (Nanda, “joy”).

(Buddhism) Sundarananda (younger half-brother of the Buddha)

(Buddhism) Ananda (cousin and foremost disciple of the Buddha)


薄伽梵

ㄅㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄝˊ ㄈㄢˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄝˊ ㄈㄢˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ fän⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ fän⁵¹/

Transliteration of Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

(Buddhism) Bhagavan; Lord; Honoured One (title of the Buddha)


陞座

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

From a practice in Chan temples of expounding the Dharma while seated on a platform.


五失本三不易

ㄨˇ ㄕ ㄅㄣˇ ㄙㄢ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧˋ

ㄨˇ ㄕ ㄅㄣˇ ㄙㄢ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧˋ

у ши бэнь сань бу и

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

First advanced by Dao'an 道安 in the fourth century.

(Buddhism) Five ways the meanings of the source material are lost and the three difficulties of translation.


我聞如是

ㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ

ㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ mɐn²¹ jyː²¹ siː²²/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³⁻³³ zu²³⁻³³ si³³/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ mɐn²¹ jyː²¹ siː²²/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³⁻³³ zu²³⁻³³ si³³/

Calque of Sanskrit एवं मया श्रुतम् (evaṃ mayā śrutam). The syntax of this early translation directly reflects Chinese grammatical conventions as opposed to the much more commonly used 如是我聞／如是我闻 (rúshìwǒwén), which reflects the original Sanskrit syntax. The "I" in the translation generally refers to the Buddha's cousin Ānanda 阿難／阿难 (Ānán), renowned for having the best memory among the Buddha's disciples.

calque

एवं मया श्रुतम्

zh-l

如是我聞／如是我闻 (rúshìwǒwén)

阿難／阿难 (Ānán)

Thus have I heard: The Buddha was once residing at Gṛdhrakūṭa Peak in Rajagaha, with an assembly of twelve thousand bhikshus in total, all of whom were great sages who had attained spiritual powers.

Wǒwénrúshì: yīshí fó zhù Wángshèchéng Qídūjuéshān zhōng, yǔ dà bǐqiū zhòng wàn'èrqiān rén jù, yīqiè dàshèng shéntōng yǐ dá.

我聞如是：一時佛住王舍城耆闍崛山中，與大比丘眾萬二千人俱，一切大聖神通已達。

我闻如是：一时佛住王舍城耆阇崛山中，与大比丘众万二千人俱，一切大圣神通已达。

(Buddhism, archaic) Thus have I heard... (a common opening of Buddhist texts)


須彌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (須彌):
* → Japanese: 須(しゅ)彌(み) (shumi)
* → Korean: 수미(須彌) (sumi)
* → Vietnamese: Tu-di (須彌)

Transliteration of Sanskrit सुमेरु (sumeru).

Though Sumeru is tall and broad, it shall be worn away in the end.

須彌雖高廣，終歸於消磨。

须弥虽高广，终归于消磨。

(Buddhism) Sumeru (a central mountain for a world-system in Buddhist cosmology)


須彌山

/ɕy⁵⁵ mi³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕy⁵⁵ mi³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit सुमेरु (Sumeru) + 山 (shān, “mountain”).

translit

It is akin to the Lord Mount Sumeru, which is foremost among all mountains.

猶如諸山，須彌山王為第一。

犹如诸山，须弥山王为第一。

(Buddhism) Meru (a central mountain for a world-system in Buddhist cosmology)


須彌座

/ɕy⁵⁵ mi³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ɕy⁵⁵ mi³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) a design convention for Buddhist statues and platforms where the middle portion is narrower than the base or top


娑婆世界

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (娑婆世界):
* → Japanese: 娑(しゃ)婆(ば)世(せ)界(かい) (shabasekai)
* → Korean: 사바세계(娑婆世界) (sabasegye)
* → Vietnamese: ta bà thế giái (娑婆世界)

ㄙㄨㄛ ㄆㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄙㄨㄛ ㄆㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

/su̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/su̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

From Sanskrit सहालोकधातु (sahālokadhātu).

Then the Sahā world immediately became pure, with lapis lazuli for its earth.

The Lotus Sūtra, translated by Kumārajīva circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Shí Suōpóshìjiè jí biàn qīngjìng, liúlí wèi dì.

時娑婆世界即變清淨，琉璃為地。

时娑婆世界即变清净，琉璃为地。

(Buddhism) the Sahā world-system (which includes the present world)


果報

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Partial calque of Sanskrit विपाक (vipāka, “ripening”).

partial calque

(Buddhism) karmic retribution or remuneration


法帝

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

(Buddhism) an epithet for the Buddha (lit. "Emperor of the Dharma")


不空成就佛

ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄈㄛˊ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄈㄛˊ

букунчэнцзю фо

/pu⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ hʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯²² fɐt̚²/

/pɐt̚⁵ hʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯²² fɐt̚²/

Calque of Sanskrit अमोघसिद्धि (Amoghasiddhi).


寶生如來

ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄥ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄥ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

Баошэн Жулай

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit रत्नसम्भव (Ratnasambhava, “jewel-born”).


寶生佛

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/


毗盧遮那如來

ㄆㄧˊ ㄌㄨˊ ㄓㄜ ㄋㄚˋ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

ㄆㄧˊ ㄌㄨˊ ㄓㄜ ㄋㄚˋ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

Пилучжэна Жулай

/pʰi³⁵ lu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/pʰi³⁵ lu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

From Sanskrit वैरोचन (Vairocana, “solar”).


摩那婆

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

From Sanskrit मानव (mānava, “human”). Displaced by native Chinese 人 (rén) in later translations.


修多羅

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


頭陀

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/


梵皇

/fän⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fän⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/


大千

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵/

大千世界 大千世界#Chinese

(Buddhism) Alternative form of 大千世界 (dàqiānshìjiè)


三千大千世界

ja-r

さんぜん%だいせん%せかい

desc

삼천대천세계(三千大千世界)

CJKV/code

さんぜん%だいせん%せかい

Sino-Xenic (三千大千世界):
* → Japanese: 三千(さんぜん)大千(だいせん)世界(せかい) (sanzendaisensekai)
* → Korean: 삼천대천세계(三千大千世界) (samcheondaecheonsegye)
* → Vietnamese: tam thiên đại thiên thế giới (三千大千世界)

CJKV

さんぜん%だいせん%せかい

ㄙㄢ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

саньцяньдацяньшицзе

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

sam|samH tshen dajH|daH tshen syejH keajH

Calque of Sanskrit त्रिसहस्र महासहस्र लोकधातु (trisahasra mahāsahasra lokadhātu).

cal

त्रिसहस्र महासहस्र लोकधातु

Suppose someone were to grind all the earth in the trichiliocosm into ink powder and then suppose he passed through a thousand lands to the east and then dropped a particle the size of a mote of dust, and then passing through another thousand lands deposited another mote.

Pìrú sānqiāndàqiānshìjiè suǒyǒu dì zhǒng. Jiǎshǐ yǒu rén mó yǐ wèi mò. Guòyú dōngfāng qiān guótǔ nǎi xià yīdiǎn. Dà rú wēichén. Yòu guò qiān guótǔ fù xià yīdiǎn.

譬如三千大千世界所有地種。假使有人磨以為墨。過於東方千國土乃下一點。大如微塵。又過千國土復下一點。

譬如三千大千世界所有地种。假使有人磨以为墨。过于东方千国土乃下一点。大如微尘。又过千国土复下一点。

Subhūti, what do you think? Are there very many atoms contained in three thousand great thousand-worlds?

The Diamond Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Xūpútí! Yú yì yúnhé? Sānqiāndàqiānshìjiè suǒyǒu wēichén, shì wèi duō fǒu?

須菩提！於意云何？三千大千世界所有微塵，是為多不？

须菩提！于意云何？三千大千世界所有微尘，是为多不？

(Buddhism) a trichiliocosm (a universe containing a billion worlds).


小千世界

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

сяо цянь шицзе

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) a first-order chiliocosm (a collection of a thousand worlds).


中千世界

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

чжун цянь шицзе

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) a second-order chiliocosm (a collection of a million worlds).


三千世界

ㄙㄢ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

саньцянь шицзе

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

三千大千世界 三千大千世界#Chinese

(Buddhism) Abbreviation of 三千大千世界 (sānqiān-dàqiān-shìjiè).


小世界

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) a single world (including a singular Mount Sumeru, sun, and moon).


三摩地

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三摩地):
* → Japanese: 三(さん)摩(ま)地(ぢ) (sanmaji)
* → Korean: 삼마지(三摩地) (sammaji)
* → Vietnamese: tam-ma-địa (三摩地)

/sän⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹/


三摩提

/sän⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

(Buddhism) Alternative form of 三摩地 (sānmódì)


兜率

Sino-Xenic (兜率):
* → Japanese: 兜(と)率(そつ) (tosotsu)
* → Korean: 도솔(兜率) (dosol)

/toʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/toʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

(Buddhism) Tushita (fourth of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire)


夜摩天

Sino-Xenic (夜摩天):
* → Japanese: 夜(や)摩(ま)天(てん) (yamaten)
* → Korean: 야마천(夜摩天) (yamacheon)

/jɛ⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit याम (yāma) + Chinese 天 (tiān, “heaven”).

(Buddhism) Yāma (third of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire).


化樂天

Sino-Xenic (化樂天):
* → Japanese: 化(け)楽(らく)天(てん) (kerakuten)
* → Korean: 화락천(化樂天) (hwarakcheon)

ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

/xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit निर्माणरति (nirmāṇarati) + Chinese 天 (tiān, “heaven”).

cal

(Buddhism) Nirmāṇarati (fifth of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire).


他化自在天

desc

타화자재천(他化自在天)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (他化自在天):
* → Japanese: 他(た)化(け)自(じ)在(ざい)天(てん) (takejizaiten)
* → Korean: 타화자재천(他化自在天) (tahwajajaecheon)

ㄊㄚ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

ㄊㄚ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

Тахуацзыцзайтянь

/tʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit परनिर्मित वशवर्तिन् (paranirmita vaśavartin) + Chinese 天 (tiān, “heaven”).

bor

परनिर्मित वशवर्तिन्

(Buddhism) Paranirmitavaśavartin (highest and sixth of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire).


俱盧舍

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ lu³⁵ ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ lu³⁵ ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) a krośa (a measurement of length in ancient India).


俱胝

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) a koṭi (one crore, or ten million).


俱致

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


準提

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

Transliteration of the vocative of Sanskrit चुन्दा (cundā).


準提菩薩

ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄊㄧˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄊㄧˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

Чжуньти Пуса

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

tsywinX|tsywet dzye|dej bu|bojX|bjuwX|bok sat

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/


藥王菩薩

ㄧㄠˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄧㄠˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

yak hjwang|hjwangH bu|bojX|bjuwX|bok sat

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit भैषज्यराज (bhaiṣajyarāja).


藥王

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

(Buddhism) (～菩薩) Bhaiṣajyarāja bodhisattva


尸羅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (尸羅):
* → Japanese: 尸(し)羅(ら) (shira)
* → Korean: 시라(尸羅) (sira)

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Buddhism) ethical regulations; precepts.


四大菩薩

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

(Buddhism) The four major Bodhisattvas in Chinese Buddhism; viz. Mañjuśrī, Samantabhadra, Avalokiteshvara, and Kṣitigarbha.


幽冥戒

ㄧㄡ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄧㄡ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) ethical precepts taken on behalf of the deceased.


楞嚴咒

Лэнъянь Чжоу

/lɤŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤŋ⁵¹ jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/


楞嚴

/lɤŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ lɤŋ⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ jiːm²¹/

/lɤŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ lɤŋ⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ jiːm²¹/


般舟三昧

ㄅㄛ ㄓㄡ ㄙㄢ ㄇㄟˋ

ㄅㄛ ㄓㄡ ㄙㄢ ㄇㄟˋ

бочжоу саньмэй

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

From Sanskrit प्रत्युत्पन्न समाधि (pratyutpanna samādhi, literally “present samadhi”).

bor

प्रत्युत्पन्न समाधि

Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sūtra
w:Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sūtra

(Buddhism) an uninterrupted religious practice for a period of time (named for the eponymous Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sūtra).


婆伽婆

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ kä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ kä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

(Buddhism) Bhagavan, an epithet for the Buddha.


疑經

/i³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) sutras of doubtful quality or doubtful authenticity; apocrypha


失譯

(Buddhism) sutras with an anonymous or unknown translator


格義

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (格義):
* → Japanese: 格(かく)義(ぎ) (kakugi)
* → Korean: 격의(格義) (gyeogui)

शून्यता शून्यता#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) to translate a foreign concept by matching it to a native (Chinese) one (e.g. 本無／本无 to describe Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā)); to localize


波羅夷

Sino-Xenic (波羅夷):
* → Japanese: 波(は)羅(ら)夷(い) (harai)
* → Korean: 바라이(波羅夷) (barai)

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ i³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ i³⁵/

(Buddhism) a major violation of the monastic precepts


善財

/ʂän⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/siːn²² t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ʂän⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/siːn²² t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/


吉茲亞

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ aː³³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ aː³³/

2015 November 24, BBC, 深度特寫：支撐「伊斯蘭國」的立國財源 (Feature: The Financial Sources of the "Islamic State"):

Moreover, the "Islamic State" taxes "jizya" or poll tax on "infidels" in their occupation zones in accordance to "old traditions".

“yīsīlánguó” hái yījù “gǔ lì”, xiàng zhànlǐng qū de “yìjiàotú” zhēngshōu “jízīyà” huò réntóushuì.

「伊斯蘭國」還依據「古例」，向佔領區的「異教徒」征收「吉茲亞」或人頭稅。

「伊斯兰国」还依据「古例」，向占领区的「异教徒」征收「吉兹亚」或人头税。


齋會

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(Buddhism) an assembly of Buddhist monks, who are provided with vegetarian food


買水

/maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːi̯¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/maɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ suɪ³¹/

/boi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːi̯¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/maɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ suɪ³¹/

/boi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

(religion) to give up money as a symbolic act of "buying" water, which is then obtained for washing the body of the deceased, during a funeral


破地獄

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/pʰɔː³³ tei̯²² jʊk̚²/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/pʰɔː³³ tei̯²² jʊk̚²/

(religion) to "break the gates of hell" (a ceremony performed by Taoist priests in some Chinese funerals)


解籤

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/

(religion) to interpret a divination lot (in kau chim)


佛心

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) the infinite compassion and mercy of Buddha


呼畢勒罕

ㄏㄨ ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄏㄢˇ

ㄏㄨ ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄏㄢˇ

/xu⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ (qubilɣan) (Cyrillic spelling хувилгаан (xuvilgaan)).


知客

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ haːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ haːk̚³⁻³⁵/

(religion) monk who receives visitors at a temple


孤魂野鬼

ㄍㄨ ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

ㄍㄨ ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

/ku⁵⁵ xu̯ən³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kuː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹ jɛː¹³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/ku⁵⁵ xu̯ən³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kuː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹ jɛː¹³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

(religion) wandering soul that is unable to reincarnate


菩提心

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit बोधिचित्त (bodhicitta, literally “mind of enlightenment, spirit of awakening”). बोधि (bodhi, “awakening, enlightenment”) + चित्त (cittá, “mind, spirit, reason”)


祇樹

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

祇樹給孤獨園 祇樹給孤獨園#Chinese

祇树给孤独园 祇树给孤独园#Chinese

(Buddhism) Short for 祇樹給孤獨園 /祇树给孤独园.: Jetavana, the name of a grove near Śrāvastī (where the Buddha promulgated his doctrines).


大夜

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) night before cremation of a monk


獅子吼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (獅子吼):
* → Japanese: 獅子吼(ししく) (shishiku)
* → Korean: 사자후(獅子吼) (sajahu)
* → Vietnamese: sư tử hống (獅子吼)

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩² xoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ haːu̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩² xoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ haːu̯⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit सिंहनाद (siṃhanāda), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + नाद (nāda, “roar”).

compound

[The Bodhisattva] universally turns the great Dharma-wheel for all, lets out a lion's roar, and broadly distributes the Dharma to all living beings.

佛說如來不思議祕密大乘經

Pǔ wèi yīqiè zhuǎn dà fǎlún, zuò shīzihǒu, yú zhū zhòngshēng guǎng xíng fǎshī.

普為一切轉大法輪、作獅子吼，於諸眾生廣行法施。

佛說如來不思議祕密大乘經

普为一切转大法轮、作狮子吼，于诸众生广行法施。

(Buddhism) words spoken by the Buddha or his disciples


莊校

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/


示現

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Then the Bodhisattva Earth Holder rose from his seat, went before the Buddha, and said to him: "World-Honored One, if any living being hears this Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World chapter, hears of the freedom of his actions and the divine power of the revelation of the universal gateway, it should be known that this person's blessings are not few."

Lotus Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva, 406 CE

Ěrshí Chídì púsà jí cóng zuò qǐ qián bái Fó yán: “Shìzūn, ruò yǒu zhòngshēng, wén shì Guānshìyīn púsà pǐn, zìzài zhī yè, pǔmén shìxiàn shéntōnglì zhě, dāng zhī shì rén gōngdé bùshào.

爾時持地菩薩即從座起前白佛言：「世尊，若有衆生，聞是觀世音菩薩品，自在之業，普門示現神通力者，當知是人功德不少。

尔时持地菩萨即从座起前白佛言：「世尊，若有众生，闻是观世音菩萨品，自在之业，普门示现神通力者，当知是人功德不少。

(Buddhism) to manifest; to show (spiritual powers, one's might, etc.)


慈氏

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


三皈依

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/


休屠

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/


劫貝

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

The Buddha told Ananda: "As for the funerary procedure for a sage-king, first use fragrant water to wash his body, then take fresh cotton to wrap his body all over, repeatedly binding [it] five hundred times."

Fó gào Ānán: “Shèngwáng zàng fǎ, xiān yǐ xiāng tāng xǐyù qí tǐ, yǐ xīn jiébèi zhōubiàn chánshēn, yǐ wǔbǎi zhāng diécì rú chán zhī.”

佛告阿難：「聖王葬法，先以香湯洗浴其體，以新劫貝周遍纏身，以五百張疊次如纏之。」

佛告阿难：「圣王葬法，先以香汤洗浴其体，以新劫贝周遍缠身，以五百张叠次如缠之。」


人中獅子

ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕ ˙ㄗ

ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕ ˙ㄗ

жэнь чжун шицзы

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

Calque of Sanskrit नरसिंह (narasiṃha), from नर (nara, “man”) + सिंह (siṃha, “lion”).

(Buddhism) an exceptional or outstanding person


術闍

Transliteration of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā).


族姓子

/t͡su³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of Sanskrit कुलपुत्र (kulaputra), from कुल (kula, “family, clan”) + पुत्र (putra, “son”).


釋迦文尼

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wən³⁵ ni³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wən³⁵ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (Śākyamuni, “sage of the Śākyas”).

bor

(Buddhism, archaic, now rare) Śākyamuni; Gautama Buddha


王舍

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) Short for 王舍城 (Wángshèchéng).


須菩提

/ɕy⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/ɕy⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit सुभूति (subhūti).

(Buddhism) Subhūti (a senior disciple of the Buddha)


一闡提

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit इच्छन्तिक (icchantika).


帝釋

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Chinese 帝 (dì, “emperor”) + clipping of Sanskrit शक्र (śakra).

If they should be liberated by one in the appearance of Sakra, [ Avalokiteśvara ] appears as Sakra to speak the Dharma for them.

Yìng yǐ Dìshì shēn dé dù zhě, jí xiàn Dìshì shēn ér wèi shuōfǎ.

應以帝釋身得度者，即現帝釋身而為說法。

应以帝释身得度者，即现帝释身而为说法。


波羅提提舍尼

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄕㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄕㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ

болотитишэни

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵ tʰi³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

pa la dzye|dej dzye|dej syaeX|syaeH nrij

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵ tʰi³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

From Sanskrit प्रतिदेशनीय (pratideśanīya, “disclosure”).

(Buddhism) pratideśanīya (a set of four monastic offenses involving receiving or eating food)


法喜

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मप्रीति (dharmaprīti), from धर्म (dharma) + प्रीति (prīti).

cal

(Buddhism) joy obtained from observing Buddhist moral codes or listening to the dharma


屍林

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lin³⁵/


迴向

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit परिणामना (pariṇāmanā).

(Buddhism) dedication of merit from a religious deed; transfer of merit


大種

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

Calque of Sanskrit महाभूत (mahābhūta), from महा (mahā) + भूत (bhūta).

(Buddhism) the Great Elements, viz. earth 地 (dì), water 水 (shuǐ), fire 火 (huǒ), and air 風／风 (fēng)


和尚尼

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ni³⁵/


犍陟

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(Buddhism) Kanthaka (the Buddha's favorite horse)


劫波杯

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) a skull-cup (used as a ritual implement in Tibetan Buddhism)


精舍

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/


軍持

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

At that time, Bilan wished to wash the brahmins' hands, and was very saddened when he tilted the water vessel but water did not come out.

Yúshí, Bǐlán yù zǎo póluómén shǒu, qīng yú jūnchí ér shuǐ bù chū, dà yòng chóuyōu.

於時，比藍欲澡婆羅門手，傾於軍持而水不出，大用愁憂。

于时，比蓝欲澡婆罗门手，倾于军持而水不出，大用愁忧。

(Buddhism) water vessel (used by monastics for carrying water and in rituals)


宗教司

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

2022 July 25, Lianhe Zaobao, 本地回教宗教司说明今天庆祝开斋节决定 (Local Mufti Explains Why Today is Hari Raya Puasa):

Singaporean mufti Dr. Nazirudin Mohd Nasir explained on yesterday in a post why local Muslims celebrate Hari Raya Puasa today, urged the Muslim community to continue fasting on yesterday and complete the 30-day Ramadan.

Xīnjiāpō huíjiào zōngjiàosī Nàzīlǔtīng bóshì zuótiān fāwén shuōmíng wèihé běndì huíjiàotú shì zài jīntiān qìngzhù kāizhāijié, bìng dūncù huíjiào shèqún zuótiān jìxù jìnxíng zhāijiè, jiānchí wánchéng 30 tiān de zhāijièyuè.

新加坡回教宗教司納茲魯汀博士昨天發文說明為何本地回教徒是在今天慶祝開齋節，並敦促回教社群昨天繼續進行齋戒，堅持完成30天的齋戒月。

新加坡回教宗教司纳兹鲁汀博士昨天发文说明为何本地回教徒是在今天庆祝开斋节，并敦促回教社群昨天继续进行斋戒，坚持完成30天的斋戒月。

(Malaysia, Singapore, Islam) mufti (Muslim scholar and interpreter of sharia law)


穆夫提

/mʊk̚² fuː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/mʊk̚² fuː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/


大聖爺

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɛ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ³³ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɛ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ³³ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

齊天大聖 齊天大聖#Chinese

齐天大圣 齐天大圣#Chinese

(religion) the deity 齊天大聖／齐天大圣, or Sun Wukong


做牙

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ jä³⁵/

/t͡sou̯²² ŋaː²¹/

/t͡so⁴² kɒ¹³/

/t͡so⁴²⁻⁵⁵ kɒ²⁴/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡe²⁴/

/t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡe²⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ ɡɛ¹³/

/t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡe²³/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ jä³⁵/

/t͡sou̯²² ŋaː²¹/

/t͡so⁴² kɒ¹³/

/t͡so⁴²⁻⁵⁵ kɒ²⁴/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡe²⁴/

/t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡe²⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ ɡɛ¹³/

/t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡe²³/

(religion) to worship Tudigong on the second and sixteenth day of every lunar month


不可得

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/


佛公

/put̚²⁴⁻² kɔŋ³³/

/put̚²⁴⁻² kɔŋ³³/

(Jinjiang Hokkien, Buddhism) bodhisattva


經幢

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/

(Buddhism) hexagonal or cylindrical stone pillar with inscriptions on it


如來佛

/ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/


魂身

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, religion) paper person, used as a scapegoat


阿毗曇

/ˀä⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit अभिधर्म (abhidharma).


摩訶羅

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit महल्लक (mahallaka).


摩頂

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) to rub the head of a disciple (typically done by the Buddha to give a prediction of their future)


式叉摩那

ㄕˋ ㄔㄚˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄕˋ ㄔㄚˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹/

Transliteration of Sanskrit शिक्षमाणा (śikṣamāṇā).

bor

Sanskrit शिक्षमाणा (śikṣamāṇā)

(Buddhism) a female novice trainee monastic


佛子

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


塞建陀

ㄙㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit स्कन्द (skanda).


佛罰

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (仏罰 /仏罚):
* → Japanese: 仏罰(ぶつばつ) (butsubatsu)

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ fä³⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ fä³⁵/

(literary, Buddhism) punishment of the Buddha or a bodhisattva against an evildoer


洛叉

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa).

translit

The Buddha said: "Good man! A hundred lakhs is one koṭi, a koti squared is an ayúta, an ayúta squared is one nayuta."

Fó yán: “Shàn nánzǐ! Yībǎi luòchā wèi yī jùzhī, jùzhī jùzhī wèi yī āyǔduō, āyǔduō āyǔduō wèi yī nàyóutā.”

佛言：「善男子！一百洛叉為一俱胝，俱胝俱胝為一阿庾多，阿庾多阿庾多為一那由他。」

佛言：「善男子！一百洛叉为一俱胝，俱胝俱胝为一阿庾多，阿庾多阿庾多为一那由他。」


未來佛

/weɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pi¹¹ lai¹³⁻¹¹ hɔʔ⁴/

/pi²¹ lai²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoʔ⁴/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pi¹¹ lai¹³⁻¹¹ hɔʔ⁴/

/pi²¹ lai²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoʔ⁴/


阿難陀

/ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ naːn²¹ tʰɔː²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ naːn²¹ tʰɔː²¹/

Ultimately from Sanskrit आनन्द (ānanda).


乾闥婆城

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄚˋ ㄆㄛˊ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄚˋ ㄆㄛˊ ㄔㄥˊ

цяньтапо чэн

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit गन्धर्वनगर (gandharvanagara).

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(Buddhism) something that is illusory though it appears to be real


過患

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/

(Buddhism) moral dangers that can befall practitioners


護摩

/xu⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/xu⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Buddhism, Hinduism) a sacrificial offering done through fire; homa


犍度

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tu⁵¹/

Ultimately from Sanskrit स्कन्धक (skandhaka).

(Buddhism) a division of the Buddhist vinaya


犍稚

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(Buddhism) a gong, bell, or chime used to mark activities of the day at a temple


香板

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) keisaku (a flat wooden stick used to correct Chan practitioners)


神功戲

/ʂən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ hei̯³³/

/ʂən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ hei̯³³/

(religion, chiefly Hong Kong, Macau) opera performed as an offering to deities on special occasions


孔子學

/kʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))no³³²⁻²¹ o²⁴/

/kʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))no³³²⁻²¹ o²⁴/

(Xianyou Puxian Min, religion) Confucian temple; temple honoring Confucius


孔子殿

korng³ zo³ deng⁵ [Phonetic:korng⁵ no² deng⁵]

/kʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))no⁴⁵³⁻¹³ tɛŋ¹¹/

/kʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))no⁴⁵³⁻¹³ tɛŋ¹¹/

(Putian Puxian Min, religion) Confucian temple; temple honoring Confucius


森羅殿

ㄙㄣ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

ㄙㄣ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/sən⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sən⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Yama's palace


閻王殿

ㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

ㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/


閻羅殿

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/


尪婆

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

(Taiwanese Hokkien, religion) female goddess


尪媽

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/


受生

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) to be reborn in accordance with one's karma


番仔庵

/huan³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ am³³/

/huan³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ am³³/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


呂祖

/ly²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/ly²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ t͡sou̯³⁵/


𠺁

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 弱 (nyak).

Han compound

(Buddhism, obsolete) Used in transcription.


𤚥

Combination of fanqie characters (切身): 牟 (MC mjuw) + 含 (MC hom).


𬽓

Combination of fanqie characters (切身): 亭 (MC deng) + 也 (MC yaeX).


𭔞

Combination of fanqie characters (切身): 寧 (MC neng) + 也 (MC yaeX).


𩕳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): phonetic 寧 (OC *neːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).


念念

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/


末世學

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/muːt̚² sɐi̯³³ hɔːk̚²/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/muːt̚² sɐi̯³³ hɔːk̚²/


土地公生

tou³ de⁵ gorng¹ sa¹ [Phonetic:tou² le⁵ orng⁵ na¹]

/tʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³/

tou³ de⁵ gorng¹ sann¹ [Phonetic:tou¹ le⁵ orng⁵ na¹]

/tʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, religion) Tudigong's Birthday


土地公厝

tou³ de⁵ gorng¹ cou⁴ [Phonetic:tou² le⁵ orng² nou⁴]

/tʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))nɔu⁴²/

tou³ de⁵ gorng¹ cou⁴ [Phonetic:tou¹ le⁵ orng² nou⁴]

/tʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡sʰ-))nɔu⁴²/

(Puxian Min, religion) temple that is mainly dedicated to worshiping Tudigong


伯公生

/pak̚² kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/pak⁵⁻² kuŋ⁵³ saŋ⁵³/

/pak̚² kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/pak⁵⁻² kuŋ⁵³ saŋ⁵³/


土地公廟

ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bio³³/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɤ³³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bio³³/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɤ³³/

(religion) temple that is mainly dedicated to worshiping Tudigong


窯殿

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/


業力

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/


起乩

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/hi²⁴⁻³³ ki⁵³/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/hi²⁴⁻³³ ki⁵³/

(religion) to be possessed by spiritual entities and start dancing and prophesying (of a spirit medium)


降乩

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kouŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kouŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁵/


良心省察

ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ

ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ

лянсинь синча

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

examination of conscience
examination of conscience


觀音佛

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

gua¹ ing¹ hoh⁷ [Phonetic:gua⁵ ing⁵ moh⁷]

/kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾mɔʔ⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾mɔʔ⁴/


五逆罪

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɪk̚² t͡sɵy̯²²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɪk̚² t͡sɵy̯²²/

Calque of Sanskrit अनन्तर्यकर्म (anantaryakarma, “action of immediate cause”), made of अनन्तर्य (anantarya, “immediate cause”) and कर्मन् (karman, “work, action”).

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अनन्तर्यकर्म

(Buddhism) Five great offences, or Anantarika-karma: five of the gravest sins that doom an offender to the lowest hell.


多斯提

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵/


朵斯達尼

ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄙ ㄉㄚˊ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄙ ㄉㄚˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ni³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Persian دوستان (dustân) (plural of دوست).


願主福安之

ㄩㄢˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄢ ㄓ

ㄩㄢˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄢ ㄓ

юаньчжуфу’аньчжи

/ɥɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jyːn²² t͡syː³⁵ fʊk̚⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jyːn²² t͡syː³⁵ fʊk̚⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


伊斯蘭教法

ㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄈㄚˇ

ㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄈㄚˇ

исылань цзяофа

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kaːu̯³³ faːt̚³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ lan¹¹ kau̯²⁴ fap̚²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴ ka¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³ ka²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴ ka²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³ ka²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/

/i³³ sɯ³³ lan²⁴ ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huat̚⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kaːu̯³³ faːt̚³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ lan¹¹ kau̯²⁴ fap̚²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴ ka¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³ ka²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴ ka²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³ ka²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/

/i³³ sɯ³³ lan²⁴ ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huat̚⁵/


拿瑪

/nä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ maː¹³/

/na¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/na²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

/nä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ maː¹³/

/na¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/na²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

Ultimately from Biblical Hebrew נַעֲמָה (naʿămå̄h).

(biblical) Naamah (a descendant of Cain, daughter of Lamech and Zillah)


別是巴

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬi¹¹⁻¹³ pa⁵³³/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬi²¹⁻²⁴ pa⁵⁴⁴/

/piɛt̚⁴⁻³² si²²⁻²¹ pa⁴⁴/

/piɛt̚⁴⁻³² si³³⁻²¹ pa⁴⁴/

/piɛt̚⁴⁻³² si³³⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬi¹¹⁻¹³ pa⁵³³/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬi²¹⁻²⁴ pa⁵⁴⁴/

/piɛt̚⁴⁻³² si²²⁻²¹ pa⁴⁴/

/piɛt̚⁴⁻³² si³³⁻²¹ pa⁴⁴/

/piɛt̚⁴⁻³² si³³⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴/

Ultimately from Hebrew בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע (b'ér shéva).

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בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע


肥勒爺

/pui²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² ia²³/

/pui²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² ia²⁴/

/pui²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² ia²³/

/pui²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² ia²⁴/


讀經員

/tu³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʊk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/tu³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʊk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/


輔祭員

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/fuː²² t͡sɐi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/fuː²² t͡sɐi̯³³ jyːn²¹/


落髮

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fä⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² faːt̚³/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fä⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² faːt̚³/

In youth, Zhang Ce was drawn to the teachings of Buddhism and even cropped his hair to become a monk, residing at the Ci’en temple of Chang’an. Once the rebel Huang Chao invaded Chang’an, Ce resumed wearing his original attire and assisted parents in evading the turmoil, residing on a farm for more than ten years.

1053, Ouyang Xiu,《五代史·唐六臣傳》 translated by Richard L. Davis

Cè shào hǎo fútú zhī shuō, nǎi luòfà wéi sēng, jū Cháng'ān Cí'ēnsì. Huángcháo fàn Cháng'ān, Cè nǎi fǎnchūfú, fèng fùmǔ yǐ bìluàn, jū tiánlǐ shí yú nián.

策少好浮圖之說，乃落髮爲僧，居長安慈恩寺。黃巢犯長安，策乃返初服，奉父母以避亂，居田里十餘年。

策少好浮图之说，乃落发为僧，居长安慈恩寺。黄巢犯长安，策乃返初服，奉父母以避乱，居田里十余年。

(Buddhism) to take tonsure before becoming a monk or a nun


問杯

/mɐn²² puːi̯⁵⁵/

/muoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵⁵/

/mɐn²² puːi̯⁵⁵/

/muoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, Easthern Min, religion) to divine using moon blocks


成道

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯²²/


降頭

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(religion) a black magic curse of Southeast Asian origin


十八層地獄

ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄘㄥˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ

ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄘㄥˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ

шиба цэн диюй

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ tei̯²² jʊk̚²/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ tei̯²² jʊk̚²/

(Buddhism) The eighteen levels of Naraka, or hell, according to Chinese Buddhism.


哈摩辣

/xä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ laːt̚²/

/xä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ laːt̚²/


轉藏

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍²²/

/tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍²²/


十殿閻羅

ㄕˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄕˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

Шидянь Яньло

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹ jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² tiːn²² jiːm²¹ lɔː²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹ jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² tiːn²² jiːm²¹ lɔː²¹/

(religion) "Ten Kings of Hell" (who preside over the ten courts of hell)


眾生平等

ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄥˇ

ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄥˇ

чжуншэнпиндэн

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Buddhism) All sentient beings are equal.


四字大明咒

ㄙˋ ㄗˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡˋ

ㄙˋ ㄗˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡˋ

Сыцзыдаминчжоу

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/


道心

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

(Taoism, Buddhism) spiritual seeker's mind


麥西

/maɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/maɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Hebrew מצרים (mitsráyim); attested as early as 1835, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine.

(religion) Mizraim (one of the sons of Ham according to the Bible)