到

遘
告
至
甲
各
格
𢓜
佫
徦
假
臵

(Hokkien, mahjong, playing cards) to complete a winning hand


吃

Wutunhua: qe

→ Japanese: 吃(チー) (chī)

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound 形聲／形声 (xíngshēng): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).
According to folk etymologies, 乞 in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare 气, which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人／吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén


上

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).
Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

cog

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow


和

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony.
; “and; with”
; “Japanese”

Han compound

和牌


槓

English: kong

Japanese: 槓(カン) (kan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).


牌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牌):
* → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
* → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
* → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

desc

→ Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)

→ Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)

→ Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)

→ Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)

→ Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)

→ Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)

→ White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)

→ Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breː, *breː): semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Han compound

打牌

洗牌

我就剩一張牌了！

我就剩一张牌了！

(card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)


碰

→ English: pung, pong

→ Japanese: 碰(ポン) (pon)

→ Tagalog: pong

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並.
Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


番

→ Japanese: 飜(ハン) (han)

→ Vietnamese: phen

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban): phonetic 釆 () + semantic 田 – "animal's footprint in the field"; Xu Shen interprets both components as the pictogram of an animal footprint. Original form of 蹯 (fán).
According to Tadashi Takada (高田忠周), it's the pictogram of some seeds on the palm of an open hand, which conveys the concept of "spreading". Original form of 播.
Neither Xu Shen nor Tadashi Takada interprets the bottom component as the pictogram of a field.
; “to do in turns; turn; time”
; “anime series”

生番

non-Sinicized ethnic minority, barbarian


索

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


臺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (臺):
* → Japanese: 台(だい) (dai)
* → Korean: 대(臺) (dae)
* → Vietnamese: đài (臺)

Bamboo_and_wooden_slips
Chu_(state)
Han dynasty
Jin (Chinese state)
Oracle bone inscriptions
Qin
Shuowen Jiezi
Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室.
Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声). The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
: Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀.
: Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Jin slips:
:* Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script.
:* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室
:* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.


聽

Originally 𦔻, hence ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare the top component of 聖.
Later, rewritten as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs): phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁 on the right.
The simplified version, 听, is totally unrelated to the original character and it originally means "smiling".
This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982).
Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007).
Derivatives:
* 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”)
* 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”).

och-l

听
聴
聼
𦗟
𦔻
𠯸
𦔽
𦕢
𦕘
𦖆
𦘏
𪢧
听
听
𪢧

(mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win


誅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand


鬆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ): semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).


飛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (飛):
* → Japanese: 飛(ひ) (hi)
* → Korean: 비(飛) (bi)
* → Vietnamese: phi (飛)

Characters in the same phonetic series (飛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a bird flying upwards.
In its modern form, resembles a tasseled 升 (shēng).
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bjar ~ *p(i/u)r (“to fly”) → Tibetan འཕུར ('phur), Burmese ပျံ (pyam, “to fly”).
* Proto-Mon-Khmer *par (“to fly”) → Old Mon ပဝ် (pɔ); Proto-Vietic *pər (“to fly”), whereas Vietnamese bay.
Cognate with Old Chinese 翂 (*pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”) and Old Chinese 奮 (*pɯns, “spread wings and fly”).
; “fare”
; “femto-”

cog

飞
𠃧
𮨶
𩙱
𦐭
𦒮
飝

(mahjong) Classifier for number of possible winning tiles.


食

Pictogram (象形): a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.

Han compound

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 食糊 (“to win”).


食

→ Indonesian: ciak

→ Thai: เจี๊ยะ (jía)

Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *tsiaʔ⁸ and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Min *dziak (in Norman's system).
While often considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it is unlikely to be related to etymology 1 (Norman, 1991; Klöter, 2005; Fuehrer and Yang, 2014). Schuessler (2007) suggests it derives from 嚼 (“to chew”) (probably based on Norman's unpublished manuscripts).

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍


眼睛

/jɛn²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/niæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/niæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


清一色

ja-r

清一色(チンイーソー) (chin'īsō)

→ Japanese: 清一色(チンイーソー) (chin'īsō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sek̚⁴⁻² sek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sek̚⁴⁻² sek̚²/

(mahjong) a winning hand where all the tiles are of the same suit


平和

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand in which every meld is a chow, and the pair does not consist of wind or dragon tiles (in Hong Kong mahjong, the pair can consist of wind or dragon tiles)


電視

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (電視):
* → Japanese: 電(でん)視(し) (denshi)
* → Korean: 전시(電視) (jeonsi)

→ Guiqiong: diɐnsi

desc

→ Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈᦉᦹᧈ (ṫaen¹ṡue¹)

→ Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈᦉᦹᧈ (ṫaen¹ṡue¹)

→ Zhuang: densi

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯en⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² ɬi²¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² si⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯en⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² ɬi²¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² si⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

(Putian Puxian Min, mahjong) white dragon


白板

→ Japanese: 白板(パイパン) (paipan)

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


條子

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


放炮

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ pʰaːu̯³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰau⁴¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰau¹¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰau²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ pʰaːu̯³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰau⁴¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰau¹¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰau²¹/

(mahjong) to discard a tile that another player uses to complete their hand to win


出張

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/


落地

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² tei̯²²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ tɛi²⁴²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tue⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue³³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue²²/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² tei̯²²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ tɛi²⁴²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tue⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue³³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue²²/

(Cantonese, mahjong, of a player's tiles) to be revealed by being turned face up


發財

/fä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/

/fä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/


順子

Japanese: 順子 (shuntsu)

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː³⁵/

(poker, mahjong) straight; cards or mahjong tiles in sequence


棺材

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ t͡sʰɛ²⁴/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ¹¹/

/kuæ̃¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ t͡sʰɛ²⁴/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ¹¹/

/kuæ̃¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/


花子

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


和牌

/xu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/xu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong, card games) to win by having a completed hand


不求人

ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄣˊ

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/put̚²⁻⁵ kiu²⁴⁻³³ d͡zin²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/put̚²⁻⁵ kiu²⁴⁻³³ d͡zin²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dancing crane cobra lily (Arisaema heterophyllum)


筒子

→ Japanese: 筒(トン)子(ズ) (tonzu)

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


綠一色

/ly⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/ly⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


字一色

ja-r

字一色(ツーイーソー) (tsūīsō)

→ Japanese: 字一色(ツーイーソー) (tsūīsō)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


過水

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

(mahjong) to relinquish one's chance of completing a hand


相公

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ g̊ʊŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ g̊ʊŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

(mahjong) a hand having more or less tiles than the required number


番子

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠᠨᡯ (fandz)

/fän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/fän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

(Cantonese, mahjong) honor tile; wind tile or dragon tile


人和

Japanese: 人和 (renhō)

/ʐən³⁵ xu³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ xu³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) hand of man, declaring a win by a discarded tile during the first go around of play; one of the limit hands in mahjong

(Singapore, mahjong) hand of man, declaring a win by a discarded tile other than by the dealer during the first go around of play before the player's first turn; one of the limit hands in mahjong


爆棚

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːu̯³³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːu̯³³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to exceed the maximum points for the winning hand


四暗刻

→ Japanese: 四暗刻 (sūankō)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(mahjong) a winning hand of four concealed pungs


大三元

→ Japanese: 大三元 (daisangen)

/tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of all three dragon tiles


小三元

→ Japanese: 小三元 (shōsangen)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of two dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tile


三元牌

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


大餅

/tä⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/

/tä⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/


南風

/nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/

/nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁵³³/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/

/nø²² foŋ³³/

/nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/

/nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁵³³/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/

/nø²² foŋ³³/


萬字

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/


門前清

→ Japanese: 門前清 (menzenchin)

ㄇㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) concealed hand; winning hand for which no sets have been melded


自摸

→ Japanese: 自摸 (tsūmō → tsumo)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² mɔː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ²²⁻²¹ mɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² mɔː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ²²⁻²¹ mɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

put-kiàn hoat-châi âng-tiong pe̍h-pán thia̍p chò-hóe, hō͘ lâng hái-té kàng-téng chū-bong tan-tiàu pe̍h-phôe

不見發財紅中白板疊作伙 乎人海底槓頂自摸單調白皮

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

不见发财红中白板叠作伙 乎人海底杠顶自摸单调白皮


刻子

Japanese: 刻子 (kōtsu)

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


滿貫

→ Japanese: 満貫 (mangan)

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵¹/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵¹/


餅子

→ Japanese: 筒(ピン)子(ズ) (pinzu)

/piŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/piŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


白皮

/paɪ̯³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/

(mahjong) Alternative name for 白板 (báibǎn, “white dragon”).


槓子

Japanese: 槓子 (kantsu)

/kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/


食糊

/sɪk̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɪk̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to win by having a completed hand


叫糊

/kiːu̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiːu̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


箭牌

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/


十三幺

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚⁴³⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² io⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚⁴³⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² io⁴⁴/

(mahjong) Thirteen Orphans (a mahjong hand)


聽牌

→ Japanese: 聴牌(テンパイ) (tenpai)

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


碰碰和

/pʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɤŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/pʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɤŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

(mahjong) a hand in which every meld is either a pung or a kong


將牌

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) eye; two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


紅中

→ Japanese: 紅中(ホンチュン) (honchun)

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/


補牌

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) to draw a replacement tile from the dead wall after drawing a flower tile or declaring a kong


風牌

→ Japanese: 風牌 (fonpai)

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/


字牌

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


出銃

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard a tile that another player uses to complete their hand to win


萬子

→ Japanese: 萬(ワン)子(ズ) (wanzu), 萬(マン)子(ズ) (manzu)

→ Korean: 완쯔 (wanjjeu)

/wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

(mahjong) character tile (Classifier: 張／张)


索子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (索子):
* → Korean: 삭자(索子) (sakja)

→ Japanese: 索(ソー)子(ズ) (sōzu)

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/


門清

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/


混一色

ja-r

混一色(ホンイーソー) (hon'īsō)

→ Japanese: 混一色(ホンイーソー) (hon'īsō)

/xu̯ən⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/xu̯ən⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

(mahjong) half flush; a winning hand composed of only honor tiles and tiles of a single suit


地和

Japanese: 地和 (chīhō)

/tei̯²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tei̯²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Mainland China, Taiwan, mahjong) earthly hand; a winning hand drawn by a non-dealer during the first go around of a game

(Hong Kong, Singapore, mahjong) earthly hand; a winning hand completed with the dealer's first discarded tile


天和

Japanese: 天和 (tenhō)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

(mahjong) heavenly hand; a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game


截胡

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) to win from a discard and invalidate other players' winning hands due to priority rules


九蓮寶燈

→ Japanese: 九蓮宝燈 (chūrenpōton)

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄉㄥ

цзюляньбаодэн

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) Nine Gates; a winning hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

(mahjong) Pure Nine Gates; a winning hand formed by a player having collected tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


小四喜

→ Japanese: 小四喜 (shaosūshī)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of three wind tiles and a pair of the fourth wind tile


雞糊

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a no-point winning hand


雞糊

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to declare a winning hand without any points


大四喜

→ Japanese: 大四喜 (dāsūshī)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻²¹ su²¹⁻⁴¹ hi⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ su¹¹⁻⁵³ hi⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si²¹⁻⁴² hi⁴²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻²¹ su²¹⁻⁴¹ hi⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ su¹¹⁻⁵³ hi⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si²¹⁻⁴² hi⁴²/

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

âng-tiong í sêng khàm, ah tōa-sù-hí àm-kàng

紅中已成崁 啊大四喜暗槓

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

红中已成崁 啊大四喜暗杠

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of all four wind tiles


十八羅漢

ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

; "(mahjong) winning hand containing four kongs"

(mahjong) a winning hand containing four kongs


流局

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʊk̚²/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʊk̚²/

(mahjong, of a hand) to end without anyone completing their own hand and winning; to draw


四槓子

→ Japanese: 四槓子(スーカンツ) (sūkantsu)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sei̯³³ kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sei̯³³ kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

(mahjong) winning hand containing four kongs


嚦咕嚦咕

/lɪk̚⁵ kuː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵ kuː²¹/

/lɪk̚⁵ kuː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵ kuː²¹/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand comprising seven pairs


細相公

/sue¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


七對子

→ Japanese: 七対子 (chītoitsu)

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand comprising seven pairs


半色

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

(Singapore, mahjong) half flush; a winning hand composed of only honor tiles and tiles of a single suit


小相公

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


大相公

ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


屁和

(mahjong) to declare a win without any points


暗槓

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/


暗槓

→ Japanese: 暗槓(アンカン) (ankan)

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/


詐和

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) declaring a win without a legal winning hand


詐和

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) to declare a win without a legal winning hand


明槓

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/


明槓

→ Japanese: 明槓(ミンカン) (minkan)

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/


連莊

→ Japanese: 連荘 (renchan)

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(mahjong, of a dealer) to retain the dealer position for the next round after a win


單吊

/tän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(mahjong) to be awaiting the second tile in a pair to complete the hand


槓上開花

ㄍㄤˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ

ганшан кайхуа

/kɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

(mahjong) drawing the winning tile off the dead wall after declaring a kong

嶺上開花

嶺上開花 リンシャンカイホウ


暗咬

/am²¹⁻⁴² ka²²/

/am²¹⁻⁴² ka²²/

(Singapore, mahjong) when the player collects either the cat and mouse tiles, the rooster and centipede tiles, or both flower tiles corresponding to the player's seat wind


青發

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/


補花

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) to draw a replacement tile off the dead wall after drawing a flower tile


摸牌

/mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


搶槓

→ Japanese: 槍槓(チャンカン) (chankan)

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

(mahjong) to rob the kong; to rob the fourth tile that a player with a melded pong draws and declares a kong with, in order to complete one's hand and win


對對和

Japanese: 対々和 (toitoihō)

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨˊ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

dêu³ dêu³ wu⁴⁻²

/tɵy̯³³ tɵy̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tui²¹⁻⁴² tui²¹⁻⁴² ɔ²⁴/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tɵy̯³³ tɵy̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tui²¹⁻⁴² tui²¹⁻⁴² ɔ²⁴/

(mahjong) a hand in which every meld is either a pung or a kong


九子連環

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ liːn²¹ waːn²¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ liːn²¹ waːn²¹/

(mahjong, Cantonese) Nine Gates; a winning hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

(mahjong, Cantonese) Pure Nine Gates; a winning hand formed by a player having collected tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


花牌

→ Japanese: 花牌 (fapai)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


河底撈魚

→ Japanese: 河底撈魚 (hōtei raoyui)

ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩˊ

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/

(mahjong) winning off the final discard before reaching the dead wall


海底撈月

→ Japanese: 海底撈月 (haitei raoyue)

scooping up the moon[’s reflection] from the seabed

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩㄝˋ

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ tõĩ⁵² lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueʔ⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ tõĩ⁵² lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueʔ⁴/

(mahjong) to complete a winning hand by drawing the final tile before reaching the dead wall


清幺九

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

(mahjong) winning hand in which every tile is either a one or a nine


花糊

/faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand with seven of the eight flower tiles


坎坎糊

/kʰaːn³⁵ kʰaːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰaːn³⁵ kʰaːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand in which all four melds are concealed pungs


大花糊

/taːi̯²² faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/taːi̯²² faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) winning hand composed of the eight flower tiles


八仙過海

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄞˇ

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ siːn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke²¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ siːn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke²¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

(mahjong) winning hand composed of the eight flower tiles


一臺花

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand with also all four of the four season tiles or all four of the Four Gentlemen tiles


加槓

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

(mahjong) to make a melded kong by self-drawing the fourth tile after having declared a melded pong


卡窿

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) the (usually missing) middle tile in a chow


三色雪糕

(Hong Kong, mahjong, slang) opening hand approximately equally split between the three suits


清對

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 清一色對對和／清一色对对和.

Short for 清一色對對和／清一色对对和.


混對

/wɐn²² tɵy̯³³/

/wɐn²² tɵy̯³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 混一色對對和／混一色对对和.

Short for 混一色對對和／混一色对对和.


生章

/saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that has not yet been discarded


熟章

/sʊk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that has been discarded but has not become 絕章


鬆章

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles leniently to the other player, allowing them to improve the hand


絕章

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that all four tiles has either been discarded or exposed in a meld, such that it is no longer available for a player to form hands by obtaining such tile


絕章

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong, causative) to have a mahjong tile becoming such


長考

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly chess, card games, mahjong) to consider for a long time


食詐糊

/sɪk̚² t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɪk̚² t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to declare a win without a legal winning hand


三缺一

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰyːt̚³ jɐt̚⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰyːt̚³ jɐt̚⁵/

(mahjong) There are already three players; one more player is needed for a game. (Mahjong is a game for four people)


牌仔

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

(Hokkien, mahjong, dominoes, gambling) mahjong tile; domino tile (or other similar tile games)


清老頭

→ Japanese: 清老頭 (chinrōtō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(mahjong) Alternative form of 清幺九 (qīngyāojiǔ)