馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (馬):
* → Japanese: 馬(ば) (ba)
* → Korean: 마(馬) (ma)
* → Vietnamese: mã (馬, “(xiangqi) horse; (chess) knight”)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *maːꟲ (“horse”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: max
Zhuang: max
Central Tai
Tày: mạ
Nùng: mạ
Nong Zhuang: max
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Ahom: 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā), 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa)
Thai: ม้า (máa)
Northern Thai: ᨾ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ມ້າ (mā)
Lü: ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²)
Tai Dam: ꪣ꫁ꪱ
Shan: မႃႉ (mâ̰a)
Tai Nüa: ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa)

desc

→ Thai: เบ๊ (bée, “horse”) (via Teochew)

Cursive script (East Asia)
Semi-cursive script

Pictogram (象形) – a horse with its head facing the left, showing a flowing mane in the wind. In the bronze inscriptions, the head was often simplified into an eye (目 (mù)). The legs eventually evolved into four dots (灬 (huǒ), unrelated to 火 (huǒ)).
Contrast with 鹿 (lù, “deer”), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (as in 薦 /荐 (jiàn)), which is a hybrid: it has the legs of 馬 (灬 (huǒ)) but the head of 鹿 (lù).
“Horse” – from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ. The sense of “big” is derived from “horse”; compare the English uses of horse.
For the insect prefix sense, see 螞 /蚂. It has converged with the sense of “big”.
The surname is popularly known to be prevalent among Hui Muslims, where it is likely derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “Muhammad”), although the surname 馬 itself predates Islam.

马
𫠉
傌
𢒗
𢒠
𢒧
𩡬
𩡮
抹
碼

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

(xiangqi) knight; horse: 🩪 (sometimes only on the black side)


車

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (車):
* → Japanese: 車(しゃ) (sha)
* → Korean: 차(車) (cha), 거(車) (geo)
* → Vietnamese: xa (車)

→ Vietnamese: xe (車, “wheeled vehicle”)

→ Zhuang: ci (“vehicle”)

Pictogram (象形) – originally a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田 (OC *l'iːŋ). Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla) is a vertical depiction of a carriage.
Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) and 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew) are not derived from 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla).
Perhaps a loan from an Indo-European language because the horse and chariot were introduced into China around 1200 BC from Inner Asia; compare Tocharian A kukäl, Tocharian B kokale (“wagon; cart”) (Mair, 1990, Bauer, 1994), from Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)le, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos, a form of *kʷel- (“to turn”). Cognate with English wheel, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Lithuanian kaklas (“neck”), etc.
Sagart and Baxter (2025) specifically pinpoint descent from some reflex of Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám. They also suppose that the variation of pronunciations could be attributed to separate borrowing events from Indo-Aryan and Iranian.
An older variant survives in Mandarin 軲轆／轱辘 (gūlu, “wheel”) (Bauer, 1994). Alternatively, the word is a derivation by k-prefix from 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); compare the semantic parallel in Tibetan ཐེག་པ (theg pa, “vehicle; carriage”) (OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) and 居 (OC *kas) (Schuessler, 2007). Pronunciation 2 is traditionally regarded as the older pronunciation.
The sense of lewd content is derived from 老司機 /老司机 (lǎosījī).

cog

(xiangqi) chariot; rook: 🩫 (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


象

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (象):
* → Japanese: 象(ぞう) (zō); 象(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 상(象) (sang)
* → Vietnamese: tượng (象)

→? Bulgar: (from 象 (OC *s-[d]aŋʔ))

Chuvash: сӑлан (sălan)

>? Proto-Slavic: *slonъ

→ Proto-Common Turkic: *yaŋan (from *žaŋga(n) < 象 (MC zjangX))

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 (yaŋa)

Western Yugur: yaŋan

→ Kalmyk: зан (zan)

→ Mongolian: заан (zaan)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”)

Lao: ຊ້າງ (sāng)

Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²)

Northern Thai: ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ (cang)

Saek: ซาง

Shan: ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang)

Tai Dam: ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ

Tai Nüa: ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang)

Thai: ช้าง (cháang)

desc

→ Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *tsaŋ (“elephant”)

Burmese: ဆင် (hcang)

→ Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")

Mon: စိၚ် (coiŋ)

→ Proto-Vietic: *ʔa-ɟaːŋ (“elephant”)

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of an elephant. ⺈ represents the trunk, 𫩏 represents the head, and 𧰨 represents the body.
This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.
Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in Han Feizi First attested in c. 221 BCE: “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called 象.”
Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.
As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. Schuessler, 2007) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese 象 should be compared with Tibetan གླང (glang), གླང་ཆེན (glang chen, “elephant”) arising from a common Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“ox, bull; elephant”), which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 1994 (unpublished) apud Behr, 2004a; cf. Old Mon draṅ (draŋ), [script needed] (graŋ, “animal horn, elephant tusk”), Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “horn, tusk”) and Kharia ɖeɽeŋ from Proto-Austroasiatic *krɨŋ (“horn”)). The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST *glaŋ to 犅 (OC *klaːŋ, “ox, bull”).
See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

inh

(xiangqi) elephant: 🩩 (on the black side) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


士

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (士):
* → Japanese: 士(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(士) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: sĩ (士)

Pictogram (象形) – a war axe. Later, it took the meaning of "soldier" and eventually "officer, intellectual". Partly related to 王 since in at least two characters it should represent a ritual axe, perhaps made of jade: in fact, it is related to 圭 and 金 despite their appearance.
;"bachelor, man, male"
:*Reminiscent of Austroasiatic synonyms like Old Khmer si (“male”) or MK words for "man, male" like *ʔŋsiil, *ensir, *kəsəy on the Malay Peninsula; Schuessler (2007) noted that foreign *-r sometimes left traces in OC initial complex. These relations, if, valid, would keep 士₁ "bachelor, man, male" distinct from 士₂ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar".
;"take or give an office, serve", "servant", "retainer", "officer", "scholar"
:*Schuessler (2007) noted that one could naturally assume the semantic development "male > man > servant > to serve" in order to posit that 士₁ "bachelor, man, male" is the same word as 士₂ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar". Yet, the exopassive derivation 事 (OC *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs) "assignment, affair, thing" and Tibeto-Burman counterparts demonstrated no association with "man, maleness"; & "male" hardly derives from "to serve".
:*Therefore, Schuessler derived these forms from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "envoy, jail official, matchmaker" & proposed ultimate Austroasiatic origins. In terms of phonology, MC *dʐ- normally does not occur with *l- and *ʂ in an ST word-family, apparently confirming a non-ST provenance; however, MC *dʐ- here could go back to OC *s-r- (unlike MC *ʂ-, which is from OC *sr)
:*Subsequenly, Schuessler posited either relation to Austroasiatic or OC loan into Tibeto-Burman as Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ-dzəj (“send on an errant”) (Matisoff, 2003), whence Burmese စာ (ca, “thing”) & Tibetan རྫས (rdzas, “thing, matter, object”) (Gong, 1999). Even so, Tibeto-Burman cognates of this etymon and 所 (suǒ) are difficult to distinguish.

cog

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩨 (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)


上

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).
Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow


仕

See 士 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar, gentleman"

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩡 (on the red side)


傌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Han compound

(xiangqi) horse; knight: 🩣 (on the red side)


兌

In the oracle bone script, it is a ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 八 (“speech; breath”) + 口 (“mouth”) + 人 (“person”) – speech; original character of 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak”). It is also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'oːds): phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) + semantic 人 (“person”).
Alternatively, 八 may be interpreted as smile lines above the mouth (Gao Hongjin) or as meaning “to divide” (Lin Yiguang, i.e. the mouth is divided when smiling); in either case, the character would be the original character of 悅 (OC *lod, “pleased”).

Han compound

exchange sacrifice
w:the exchange (chess)

(xiangqi) to sacrifice one's piece to capture an opponent's piece; similar to an exchange sacrifice in chess


兵

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon. Unrelated to 丘.

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩦 (on the red side)


到

遘
告
至
甲
屆
各
格
𢓜
佫
徦
假
臵

(Hokkien, mahjong, playing cards) to complete a winning hand


包

Sino-Xenic (包):
* → Vietnamese: bao (包)

→ English: bao, bau, bow, pao, pau

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉ាវ (num paaw)

⇒ Lao: ກະລາເປົ໋າ (ka lā pao)

→ Malay: pau

⇒ Thai: ซาลาเปา (saa-laa-bpao)

Pictogram (象形) – a fetus (巳 (sì)) in the womb (勹), or a swaddled baby. Shuowen gives both interpretations.


卒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卒):
* → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
* → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
* → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):
# : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script );
# : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
# (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script ; Chu slip and silk script );
# (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
# ,: 𧙻 having 又 omitted.
The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).
From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

卆
䘚
𠥾
𨔊/𨒳
𧙻
𰠄

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)


吃

Wutunhua: qe

→ Japanese: 吃(チー) (chī)

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound 形聲 /形声 (xíngshēng): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).
According to folk etymologies, 乞 in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare 气, which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人 / 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén


后

Oracle bone inscriptions often wrote 后 as 毓, depicting a woman giving birth. Wang Guowei posits the meaning extended from childbirth to succession, then to empress. In the modern form, the birthing figure would be 𠂆 and the child figure 𠮛.
According to Kōjien and 学研漢和大字典, ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 人 (“person (variant form)”) + 口 (“hole”) — a depiction of a person's (人) anus, with the additional meaning of “behind”, “rear”, as well as coming to mean “emperor/empress”, who would live in a palace “behind” worldly troubles.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-qow (“head”). Cognate with Tibetan གོ (go, “head; headman”), མགོ (mgo, “head, top, beginning”).


和

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony. The original version was 龢, with the radical of the flute 𠎤 (> 龠) in its either archaic or contracted version perhaps to indicate the abstract concept of harmony through harmony in music.
; “and; with”
; “Japanese”

Han compound

和牌


嗊

(xiangqi, Hokkien) general or marshal; the king piece (on the black side) or the chief piece (on the red side)


坎

1976, “打雀英雄傳”, 許冠傑 [Sam Hui], 黎彼得 [Peter Lai] (lyrics), performed by 許冠傑 [Sam Hui]:

half flush // formed a seven-circle pung // three white dragons, green dragons as eyes, and a kong of red dragon

wan⁶ jat¹ sik¹, pung³ cat¹ tung⁴, jat¹ kaan² baak⁶ baan² faat³ coi⁴ zou⁶ ngaan⁵ gong³ hung⁴ zung¹

混一色 碰七筒 一揀白板發財做眼槓紅中

混一色 碰七筒 一拣白板发财做眼杠红中

(Cantonese, mahjong) three tiles; set of pung or chow


將

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ, “bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute. Besides pronunciation, 爿 may partly indicate a small cutting board and/or sacrificial table on which the meat is placed. The sacrificial meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).
A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.
; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
; anteposed object introductory particle

Han compound

將死

将死


將

(xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)


帥

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.
Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

cog

(xiangqi) marshal: 🩠, the chief piece (on the red side)


抽

desc

→ Mongolian: татах (tatax, “to inhale”) (semantic loan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
The slang sense is short for 抽風／抽风 (chōufēng).

Han compound

將軍抽車

将军抽车


槓

English: kong

Japanese: 槓(カン) (kan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).


殺

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.
In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as 杀). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形): 人 (“person”) + 又 (“right hand”), which was later corrupted into 殳 (“spear”) or 攴, was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.
The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sreːds, *sreːd): phonetic 𣏂 + semantic 殳 (“spear”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, “to kill”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), Japhug sat (“to kill”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Han compound

杀
𣏂
煞
閷
𢁛
𢽅
𢿹
𢽆
𢼡
𢿔
𢽘
𣪩
𧤿
𧜁

(chess) to mate; short for 將殺／将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")


炮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (砲 /炮):
* → Japanese: 砲(ほう) (hō)
* → Korean: 포(砲) (po)
* → Vietnamese: pháo (砲)

→ Tuvan: боо (boo)

Mongolic:

→ Buryat: буу (buu)

→ Daur: pau

→ Dongxiang: pao

→ Kalmyk: бу (bu)

→ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠤ (buu) / буу (buu)

Tungusic:

→ Manchu: ᡦᠣᠣ (poo)

→ Nanai: пао (pao)

→ Orok: пау (pau)

→ Ulch: пау

→ Nivkh: пʼау (pʼau)

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː): semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).


牌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牌):
* → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
* → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
* → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

desc

→ Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)

→ Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)

→ Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)

→ Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)

→ Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)

→ Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)

→ White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)

→ Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *breː, *breː): semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Han compound

打牌

洗牌

我就剩一張牌了！

我就剩一张牌了！

(card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)


王

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王):
* → Japanese: 王(おう) (ō)
* → Okinawan: 王(をー) (wō)
* → Korean: 왕(王) (wang)
* → Vietnamese: vương (王)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)

Cyrillic script: ван (van)

→ Buryat: ван (van)

→ English: Wang (via Mandarin), Wong (via Cantonese), Ong (via Hokkien), Heng (via Teochew)

→ Iu Mien: hungh

→ Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

→ Middle Mongol: (via Early Mandarin)

Uigurjin script: ᠣᠩ (ʾwnk /oŋ/)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 (oŋ) (via Early Mandarin), 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 (wʾnk /waŋ/) (via Early Mandarin)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ)

→ Tagalog: Ong (via Hokkien), Wong (via Cantonese), Wang (via Mandarin)

→ Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ng) (via Hokkien)

→ Zhuang: vuengz

Chinese bronze inscriptions
Konyak languages
Zhou dynasty

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) of a ritual axe made perhaps of jade, symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.
The traditional interpretation (most likely a folk etymology given the original appearance of the character) is that the character metaphorically indicates the king or emperor according to the ancient Chinese thought: three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth, and the vertical stroke is the king or emperor, the one who connects them together. However, compare 天 (tiān) (a man with a horizontal stroke above his head to indicate the sky).
Unrelated to 玉 (yù, “a string with three pieces of jade”) and 主 (“master”); partly related to 士 (a war axe and, perhaps, sometimes a variant of 王), to 戉 (an axe drawn vertically), to the inner component of 匡 (kuāng, “square‑shaped bamboo basket”), and to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Uncertain. There are many proposed etymologies:
* Sagart and Baxter (2009) compare it to Tibetan གོང་མ (gong ma, “superior one”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Tibetan དབང (dbang, “strength, power”) and Burmese အန် (an, “strength, power”), which derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ (“strength, power”). However, reconstructing the Old Chinese as *waŋ, he notes the mismatch between Old Chinese *w- vs. Tibetan *b- (unless *dw- can become db-; for possible *b- ~ * w- variation, see 花). He also compares it to Proto-Northern Naga *waŋ (“chief”).
* Schuessler (2007) alternatively proposes a connection to Old Khmer vāṅ, vaṅ (modern Khmer វាំង (veăng), “royal palace”), which he considers to be cognate with Khmer ហ្លួង (hluŏng, “king”). This is perhaps supported by a bronze inscription where 王 refers to a place, not the Zhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallels Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“pharaoh”, literally “palace”), from pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”). The connection to the Old Khmer word would thus relate it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ ~ *waaŋ (“enclosure; to go round”), which is part of a larger Austroasiatic word family, including 營 (OC *ɢʷeŋ) and 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn). Bodman (1980) connects 王 with 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “sovereign”), which Schuessler (2007) connects to this word family.
* Speculations exist about its connection to 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “lame, crippled”) and 狂 (OC *ɡʷaŋ, “mad”), based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Keightley, 1995).


番

→ Japanese: 飜(ハン) (han)

→ Vietnamese: phen

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban): phonetic 釆 (biàn) + semantic 田 – "animal's footprint in the field"; Xu Shen interprets both components as the pictogram of an animal footprint. Original form of 蹯 (fán).
According to Tadashi Takada (高田忠周), it's the pictogram of some seeds on the palm of an open hand, which conveys the concept of "spreading". Original form of 播.
Neither Xu Shen nor Tadashi Takada interprets the bottom component as the pictogram of a field.
; “to do in turns; turn; time”
; “anime series”

生番

non-Sinicized ethnic minority, barbarian


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007). Note also similarities to Burmese သင့် (sang., “to befall, be suitable”).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


碰

→ English: pung, pong

→ Japanese: 碰(ポン) (pon)

→ Tagalog: pong

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並.
Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).


索

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


聽

Originally 𦔻, hence ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare the top component of 聖.
Later, rewritten as phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs): phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁 on the right.
The simplified version, 𠯸 (later stylized as 听), is totally unrelated to the original character and it originally means "smiling".
This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982).
Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007).
Derivatives:
* 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”)
* 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”).

och-l

听
聴
聼
𦗟
𦔻
𠯸
𦔽
𦕢
𦕘
𦖆
𦘏
𪢧
听
听
𪢧

(mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win


臺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (臺):
* → Japanese: 台(だい) (dai)
* → Korean: 대(臺) (dae)
* → Vietnamese: đài (臺)

Bamboo_and_wooden_slips
Chu_(state)
Han dynasty
Jin (Chinese state)
Oracle bone inscriptions
Qin
Shuowen Jiezi
Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室.
Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声). The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
: Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀.
: Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Jin slips:
:* Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script.
:* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室
:* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.


誅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *to): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand


飛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (飛):
* → Japanese: 飛(ひ) (hi)
* → Korean: 비(飛) (bi)
* → Vietnamese: phi (飛)

Characters in the same phonetic series (飛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a bird flying upwards.
In its modern form, resembles a tasseled 升 (shēng).
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bjar ~ *p(i/u)r (“to fly”) → Tibetan འཕུར ('phur), Burmese ပျံ (pyam, “to fly”).
* Proto-Mon-Khmer *par (“to fly”) → Old Mon ပဝ် (pɔ); Proto-Vietic *pər (“to fly”), whereas Vietnamese bay.
Cognate with Old Chinese 翂 (*pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”) and Old Chinese 奮 (*pɯns, “spread wings and fly”).
; “fare”
; “femto-”

cog

飞
𠃧
𮨶
𩙱
𦐭
𦒮
飝

(mahjong) Classifier for number of possible winning tiles.


食

Pictogram (象形): a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mə-l(j)ək.

Han compound

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

(Cantonese, mahjong) short for 食糊 (“to win”)


食

→ Indonesian: ciak

→ Thai: เจี๊ยะ (jía)

Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *tsiaʔ⁸ and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Min *dziak (in Norman's system).
While often considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it is unlikely to be related to etymology 1 (Norman, 1991; Klöter, 2005; Fuehrer and Yang, 2014). Schuessler (2007) suggests it derives from 嚼 (“to chew”) (probably based on Norman's unpublished manuscripts).

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍


鬆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ): semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).


眼睛

/jɛn²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/niæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/niæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


清一色

ja-r

清一色(チンイーソー) (chin'īsō)

→ Japanese: 清一色(チンイーソー) (chin'īsō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sek̚⁴⁻² sek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sek̚⁴⁻² sek̚²/

(mahjong) a winning hand where all the tiles are of the same suit


平和

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand in which every meld is a chow, and the pair does not consist of wind or dragon tiles (in Hong Kong mahjong, the pair can consist of wind or dragon tiles)


電視

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (電視):
* → Japanese: 電(でん)視(し) (denshi)
* → Korean: 전시(電視) (jeonsi)

→ Guiqiong: diɐnsi

desc

→ Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈᦉᦹᧈ (ṫaen¹ṡue¹)

→ Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈᦉᦹᧈ (ṫaen¹ṡue¹)

→ Zhuang: densi

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯en⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/tɛŋ¹¹⁻⁴² ɬi¹¹/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² ɬi²¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² si⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯en⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/tɛŋ¹¹⁻⁴² ɬi¹¹/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² ɬi²¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² si⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

(Putian Puxian Min, mahjong) white dragon


先手

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

(board games, go, chess, xiangqi, etc.) offensive; move that carries a significant threat; a move forcing the opponent to respond; a move with tempo


後手

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐu̯²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐu̯²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

zyoeng¹ guong¹ [Phonetic:zyoeng⁵ nguong¹]

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/


白板

→ Japanese: 白板(パイパン) (paipan)

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


著數

→ English: jetso
→ Cantonese: jetso, so

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³⁵/


招數

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/


小卒

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


條子

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


放炮

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ pʰaːu̯³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰau⁴¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰau¹¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰau²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ pʰaːu̯³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰau⁴¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰau¹¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰau²¹/

(mahjong) to discard a tile that another player uses to complete their hand to win


出張

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/


落地

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² tei̯²²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ tɛi²⁴²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tue⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue²²/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² tei̯²²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ tɛi²⁴²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tue⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue²²/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tue³³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tue³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong, of a player's tiles) to be revealed by being turned face up


城堡

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ pʰou⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵⁵⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵³/

/siã²³⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/zən²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ pʰou⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵⁵⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵³/

/siã²³⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/zən²² pɔ⁴⁴/


發財

/fä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/

/huaʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sai¹³/

/fä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/

/huaʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sai¹³/


上士

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

(xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) forward diagonally


下士

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕia²¹³ sz̩²¹³/

/ɕia⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/haː²² siː²²/

/ɕia⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ha³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕia²¹³ sz̩²¹³/

/ɕia⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/haː²² siː²²/

/ɕia⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ha³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

(xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) back one step diagonally


順子

Japanese: 順子 (shuntsu)

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː³⁵/

(poker, mahjong) straight; cards or mahjong tiles in sequence


棺材

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ t͡sʰɛ²⁴/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ¹¹/

/kuæ̃¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ t͡sʰɛ²⁴/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ¹¹/

/kuæ̃¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/


花子

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


開盤

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/kʰe⁴⁴ bø²³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/kʰe⁴⁴ bø²³/


局外人

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

ㄐㄩˊ ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊㄦ

цзюйвайжэньр

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/kʊk̚² ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/kʊk̚² ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/


和牌

/xu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/xu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong, card games) to win by having a completed hand


回合

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ hɐp̚²/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ hɐp̚²/

(chess) move (round in which each player makes a move)


不求人

ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄣˊ

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/put̚²⁻⁵ kiu²⁴⁻³³ d͡zin²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/put̚²⁻⁵ kiu²⁴⁻³³ d͡zin²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dancing crane cobra lily (Arisaema heterophyllum)


筒子

→ Japanese: 筒(トン)子(ズ) (tonzu)

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


活著

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/wuːt̚² t͡sœːk̚²/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/wuːt̚² t͡sœːk̚²/

活着
活着
活着
活着
活招


剝光豬

/mɔːk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, xiangqi) to capture all of opponent's chess pieces except for the general


臥槽

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

(xiangqi) to move a knight into the position of 臥槽馬／卧槽马 (wòcáomǎ)


欠行

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

(xiangqi) stalemate (loss due to the lack of legal move)

(chess) stalemate (tie due to the lack of legal move)


字一色

ja-r

字一色(ツーイーソー) (tsūīsō)

→ Japanese: 字一色(ツーイーソー) (tsūīsō)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


綠一色

/ly⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/ly⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


目眉

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ pai¹³/

/bak̚²⁴⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ pai¹³/

/bak̚²⁴⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³/

(Puxian Min, mahjong) the tile 二萬／二万 (🀈)


過水

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

(mahjong) to relinquish one's chance of completing a hand


鐵軌

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːt̚³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁵⁵ kui⁴⁵³/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵ kui³³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰui⁴¹/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːt̚³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁵⁵ kui⁴⁵³/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵ kui³³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰui⁴¹/

(Xianyou Puxian Min, mahjong) the mahjong tile sisuo 四索


相公

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ g̊ʊŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ g̊ʊŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

(mahjong) a hand having more or less tiles than the required number


將死

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/


馬後炮

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄡˋ ㄆㄠˋㄦ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ma¹¹ xəɯ⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/maː¹³ hɐu̯²² pʰaːu̯³³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ma¹¹ xəɯ⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/maː¹³ hɐu̯²² pʰaːu̯³³/

The name of a Chinese chess move; see the Wikipedia article for more.

(xiangqi) “cannon shot behind horse”, a position in which one's general is checkmated by the opponent's horse and cannon


起子

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


出招

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sio³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sio³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

(martial arts, chess, etc.) to make a move


番子

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠᠨᡯ (fandz)

/fän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/fän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

(Cantonese, mahjong) honor tile; wind tile or dragon tile


老將

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/


人和

Japanese: 人和 (renhō)

/ʐən³⁵ xu³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ xu³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) hand of man, declaring a win by a discarded tile during the first go around of play; one of the limit hands in mahjong

(Singapore, mahjong) hand of man, declaring a win by a discarded tile other than by the dealer during the first go around of play before the player's first turn; one of the limit hands in mahjong


和局

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kʊk̚²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ kiɔk̚⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kʊk̚²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ kiɔk̚⁴/


殘局

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːn²¹ kʊk̚²/

/t͡san¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːn²¹ kʊk̚²/

/t͡san¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/


黑子

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɛt̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɛt̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


爆棚

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːu̯³³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːu̯³³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to exceed the maximum points for the winning hand


四暗刻

→ Japanese: 四暗刻 (sūankō)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(mahjong) a winning hand of four concealed pungs


悔棋

/xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fuːi̯³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fuːi̯³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(go, xiangqi, chess, etc.) to regret and retract one's move; to do a takeback (in chess)


大三元

→ Japanese: 大三元 (daisangen)

/tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of all three dragon tiles


立直

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/lɐp̚² t͡sɪk̚²/

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/lɐp̚² t͡sɪk̚²/

Borrowed back from Japanese 立直 (rīchi). Originally from local Chinese mahjong term 立直 (lìzhí) that has since gone extinct.


小三元

→ Japanese: 小三元 (shōsangen)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of two dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tile


當頭炮

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(xiangqi) a common opening move in which one moves the cannon to the central file


三元牌

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


易位

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

王車易位 王車易位#Chinese

王车易位 王车易位#Chinese

(chess) short for 王車易位／王车易位 (wáng jū yìwèi, “to castle”)


大餅

/tä⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/

/tä⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/


頓挫

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɵn²² t͡sʰɔː³³/

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɵn²² t͡sʰɔː³³/


險棋

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hiːm³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hiːm³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/


南風

/nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ²¹ fʊŋ²¹³/

/ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/

/nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/nam²¹ føŋ⁵³/

/nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/

/nø²² foŋ³³/

/nɤ³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ²¹ fʊŋ²¹³/

/ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/

/nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/nam²¹ føŋ⁵³/

/nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/

/nø²² foŋ³³/

/nɤ³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/


萬字

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/


門前清

→ Japanese: 門前清 (menzenchin)

ㄇㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ

ㄇㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) concealed hand; winning hand for which no sets have been melded


局內人

/t͡ɕy³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊk̚² nɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊk̚² nɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/


自摸

→ Japanese: 自摸 (tsūmō → tsumo)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² mɔː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ²²⁻²¹ mɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² mɔː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ²²⁻²¹ mɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

put-kiàn hoat-châi âng-tiong pe̍h-pán thia̍p chò-hóe, hō͘ lâng hái-té kàng-téng chū-bong tan-tiàu pe̍h-phôe

不見發財紅中白板疊作伙 乎人海底槓頂自摸單調白皮

不见发财红中白板叠作伙 乎人海底杠顶自摸单调白皮


馬走日

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

(xiangqi) the horse moves like the character 日


象走田

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄗㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄗㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

сян цзоу тянь

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(xiangqi) the elephant moves like the character 田 (tián)


刻子

Japanese: 刻子 (kōtsu)

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


滿貫

→ Japanese: 満貫 (mangan)

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵¹/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵¹/


催殺

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(chess) to make a move with a threat to (sequentially) checkmate the opponent in the next move. to make a mating threat.


催殺

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


絕殺

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(chess) brinkmate, an absolute (indefensible) threatmate.


絕殺

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(chess, rare) To make a move that ensures checkmate against the opponent on the next move; to create a brinkmate.


餅子

→ Japanese: 筒(ピン)子(ズ) (pinzu)

/piŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/piŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


臥槽馬

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(xiangqi) a knight in the second furthest rank attacking the enemy king's original position


槓子

Japanese: 槓子 (kantsu)

/kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/


白皮

/paɪ̯³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/

(mahjong) Alternative name for 白板 (báibǎn, “white dragon”).


吃過路兵

ㄔ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄥ

ㄔ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄥ

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵/


索子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (索子):
* → Korean: 삭자(索子) (sakja)

→ Japanese: 索(ソー)子(ズ) (sōzu)

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/


萬子

→ Japanese: 萬(ワン)子(ズ) (wanzu), 萬(マン)子(ズ) (manzu)

→ Korean: 완쯔 (wanjjeu)

/wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

(mahjong) character tile (Classifier: 張／张)


風牌

→ Japanese: 風牌 (fonpai)

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/


紅中

→ Japanese: 紅中(ホンチュン) (honchun)

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/


食糊

/sɪk̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɪk̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to win by having a completed hand


碰碰和

/pʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɤŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/pʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɤŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

(mahjong) a hand in which every meld is either a pung or a kong


十三幺

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚⁴³⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² io⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚⁴³⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² io⁴⁴/

(mahjong) Thirteen Orphans (a mahjong hand)


聽牌

→ Japanese: 聴牌(テンパイ) (tenpai)

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


叫糊

/kiːu̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiːu̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


箭牌

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/


字牌

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


將牌

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) eye; two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


補牌

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) to draw a replacement tile from the dead wall after drawing a flower tile or declaring a kong


出銃

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard a tile that another player uses to complete their hand to win


門清

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) concealed hand; winning hand for which no sets have been melded


天和

Japanese: 天和 (tenhō)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

(mahjong) heavenly hand; a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game


地和

Japanese: 地和 (chīhō)

/tei̯²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tei̯²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Mainland China, Taiwan, mahjong) earthly hand; a winning hand drawn by a non-dealer during the first go around of a game

(Hong Kong, Singapore, mahjong) earthly hand; a winning hand completed with the dealer's first discarded tile


混一色

ja-r

混一色(ホンイーソー) (hon'īsō)

→ Japanese: 混一色(ホンイーソー) (hon'īsō)

/xu̯ən⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/xu̯ən⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

(mahjong) half flush; a winning hand composed of only honor tiles and tiles of a single suit


截胡

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) to win from a discard and invalidate other players' winning hands due to priority rules


卒子

/t͡sɵt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡suəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sɵt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡suəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


逼和

/pɪk̚⁵ wɔː²¹/

/pɪk̚⁵ wɔː²¹/


王不見王

ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ванбуцзяньван

/wɑŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pɐt̚⁵ kiːn³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ɒŋ¹³ pɔʔ²¹ kɛŋ⁴² ɒŋ¹³/

orng² buoh⁶ geng⁴ orng² [Phonetic:orng² buoh⁶ geng¹ orng²]

/ɒŋ²⁴ puoʔ² kɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pɐt̚⁵ kiːn³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ɒŋ¹³ pɔʔ²¹ kɛŋ⁴² ɒŋ¹³/

/ɒŋ²⁴ puoʔ² kɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

(xiangqi) the rule that the two kings (generals) must never be on the same file without any pieces in between them


九蓮寶燈

→ Japanese: 九蓮宝燈 (chūrenpōton)

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄉㄥ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄉㄥ

цзюляньбаодэн

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) Nine Gates; a winning hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

(mahjong) Pure Nine Gates; a winning hand formed by a player having collected tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


小四喜

→ Japanese: 小四喜 (shaosūshī)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of three wind tiles and a pair of the fourth wind tile


大四喜

→ Japanese: 大四喜 (dāsūshī)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻²¹ su²¹⁻⁴¹ hi⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ su¹¹⁻⁵³ hi⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si²¹⁻⁴² hi⁴²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻²¹ su²¹⁻⁴¹ hi⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ su¹¹⁻⁵³ hi⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si²¹⁻⁴² hi⁴²/

2011, “問韓信”, 郭之儀 (lyrics)performed by 蔡秋鳳:

âng-tiong í sêng khàm, ah tōa-sù-hí àm-kàng

紅中已成崁 啊大四喜暗槓

红中已成崁 啊大四喜暗杠

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of all four wind tiles


十八羅漢

ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ

ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

; "(mahjong) winning hand containing four kongs"

(mahjong) a winning hand containing four kongs


四槓子

→ Japanese: 四槓子(スーカンツ) (sūkantsu)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sei̯³³ kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sei̯³³ kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

(mahjong) winning hand containing four kongs


流局

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʊk̚²/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʊk̚²/

(mahjong, of a hand) to end without anyone completing their own hand and winning; to draw


雞糊

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a no-point winning hand


雞糊

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to declare a winning hand without any points


七對子

→ Japanese: 七対子 (chītoitsu)

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand comprising seven pairs


暗槓

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/


暗槓

→ Japanese: 暗槓(アンカン) (ankan)

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/


嚦咕嚦咕

/lɪk̚⁵ kuː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵ kuː²¹/

/lɪk̚⁵ kuː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵ kuː²¹/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand comprising seven pairs


半色

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

(Singapore, mahjong) half flush; a winning hand composed of only honor tiles and tiles of a single suit


明槓

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/


明槓

→ Japanese: 明槓(ミンカン) (minkan)

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/


大相公

ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


小相公

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


細相公

/sue¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


詐和

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) declaring a win without a legal winning hand


詐和

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) to declare a win without a legal winning hand


屁和

(mahjong) to declare a win without any points


連莊

→ Japanese: 連荘 (renchan)

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(mahjong, of a dealer) to retain the dealer position for the next round after a win


單吊

/tän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(mahjong) to be awaiting the second tile in a pair to complete the hand


槓上開花

ㄍㄤˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ

ㄍㄤˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ

ганшан кайхуа

/kɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

(mahjong) drawing the winning tile off the dead wall after declaring a kong

嶺上開花

嶺上開花 リンシャンカイホウ


補花

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) to draw a replacement tile off the dead wall after drawing a flower tile


暗咬

/am²¹⁻⁴² ka²²/

/am²¹⁻⁴² ka²²/

(Singapore, mahjong) when the player collects either the cat and mouse tiles, the rooster and centipede tiles, or both flower tiles corresponding to the player's seat wind


摸牌

/mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


青發

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/


花牌

→ Japanese: 花牌 (fapai)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


海底撈月

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (海底撈月):
* → Japanese: 海底撈月(かいていろうげつ) (kaiteirōgetsu)

→ Japanese: 海底撈月 (haitei raoyue)

scooping up the moon[’s reflection] from the seabed

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩㄝˋ

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ tõĩ⁵² lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueʔ⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ tõĩ⁵² lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueʔ⁴/

(mahjong) to complete a winning hand by drawing the final tile before reaching the dead wall


河底撈魚

→ Japanese: 河底撈魚 (hōtei raoyui)

ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩˊ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩˊ

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/

(mahjong) winning off the final discard before reaching the dead wall


搶槓

→ Japanese: 槍槓(チャンカン) (chankan)

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

(mahjong) to rob the kong; to rob the fourth tile that a player with a melded pong draws and declares a kong with, in order to complete one's hand and win


九子連環

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ liːn²¹ waːn²¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ liːn²¹ waːn²¹/

(mahjong, Cantonese) Nine Gates; a winning hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

(mahjong, Cantonese) Pure Nine Gates; a winning hand formed by a player having collected tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


對對和

Japanese: 対々和 (toitoihō)

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨˊ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

dêu³ dêu³ wu⁴⁻²

/tɵy̯³³ tɵy̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tui²¹⁻⁴² tui²¹⁻⁴² ɔ²⁴/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tɵy̯³³ tɵy̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tui²¹⁻⁴² tui²¹⁻⁴² ɔ²⁴/

(mahjong) a hand in which every meld is either a pung or a kong


清幺九

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

(mahjong) winning hand in which every tile is either a one or a nine


花糊

/faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand with seven of the eight flower tiles


大花糊

/taːi̯²² faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/taːi̯²² faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) winning hand composed of the eight flower tiles


坎坎糊

/kʰaːn³⁵ kʰaːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰaːn³⁵ kʰaːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand in which all four melds are concealed pungs


八仙過海

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄞˇ

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ siːn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke²¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ kue²¹⁻⁴¹ hai⁴¹/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ siːn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke²¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ kue²¹⁻⁴¹ hai⁴¹/

(mahjong) winning hand composed of the eight flower tiles


一臺花

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand with also all four of the four season tiles or all four of the Four Gentlemen tiles


落士

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/no²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/ŋɔk̚²² si³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/loʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁴/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/no²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/ŋɔk̚²² si³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/loʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁴/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁵/

(dialectal, xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) back one step


收士

/ʂəu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ʂəu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Xiang, xiangqi) to move a piece back one step


加槓

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

(mahjong) to make a melded kong by self-drawing the fourth tile after having declared a melded pong


長打

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(xiangqi) perpetual check, perpetual threatmate or perpetual threat to capture a piece


將殺

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


四回合將殺

ㄙˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄚ

ㄙˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄚ

сы хуэйхэ цзянша

/sz̩⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


愚者自將

ㄩˊ ㄓㄜˇ ㄗˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ

ㄩˊ ㄓㄜˇ ㄗˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ

юйчжэ цзыцзян

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/


兩回合將殺

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄚ

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄚ

лян хуэйхэ цзянша

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


王車易位

ㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄩ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄜ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄩ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ван цзюй ивэй

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɵy̯⁵⁵ jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɵy̯⁵⁵ jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/


后翼

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/


王翼易位

ㄨㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

/wɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


短易位

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


后翼易位

ㄏㄡˋ ㄧˋ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ㄏㄡˋ ㄧˋ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


長易位

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


殘棋

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


飛象過河

ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹/

(xiangqi) to move one's elephant across the river (a move that is against the rules of xiangqi)


卡窿

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) the (usually missing) middle tile in a chow


三色雪糕

(Hong Kong, mahjong, slang) opening hand approximately equally split between the three suits


混對

/wɐn²² tɵy̯³³/

/wɐn²² tɵy̯³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong) short for 混一色對對和／混一色对对和

short for 混一色對對和／混一色对对和


清對

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong) short for 清一色對對和／清一色对对和

short for 清一色對對和／清一色对对和


生章

/saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that has not yet been discarded


熟章

/sʊk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that has been discarded but has not become 絕章


絕章

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that all four tiles has either been discarded or exposed in a meld, such that it is no longer available for a player to form hands by obtaining such tile


絕章

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong, causative) to have a mahjong tile becoming such


鬆章

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles leniently to the other player, allowing them to improve the hand


長考

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly chess, card games, mahjong) to consider for a long time


篡位車

цуаньвэйцзюй

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²² kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²² kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) a rook which has been moved to the starting position of the opponent’s king


花心車

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) a rook which has been moved to the center of the opponent’s palace


妙棋

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


食詐糊

/sɪk̚² t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɪk̚² t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to declare a win without a legal winning hand


飛將

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

(xiangqi, colloquial) a general that is facing another general with no intervening pieces (which is illegal)


三缺一

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰyːt̚³ jɐt̚⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰyːt̚³ jɐt̚⁵/

(mahjong) There are already three players; one more player is needed for a game. (Mahjong is a game for four people)


牌仔

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

(Hokkien, mahjong, dominoes, gambling) mahjong tile; domino tile (or other similar tile games)


卒仔

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


拓卒

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/lu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/lu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) to move the pawn (on the black side) forward


拓兵

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) to move the pawn (on the red side) forward


屈頭軍

/kʰut̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/kʰut̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

(Quanzhou Hokkien, xiangqi) attack method of a cannon


拱卒

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡suɻʷ³⁵/

/kuəŋ⁵³ t͡sɤu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kən⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡suɻʷ³⁵/

/kuəŋ⁵³ t͡sɤu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kən⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/


楚河漢界

ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ kaːi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ kaːi̯³³/

During the Chu–Han Contention, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu once signed a ceasefire treaty diving their lands along the Hong Canal (鴻溝 /鸿沟 (hónggōu))

(xiangqi) the separation line between two sides


過河卒子

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ ˙ㄗ

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ ˙ㄗ

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn who has crossed to the other side of the river


過河卒

/kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/kᵘɔ³³ hᵘɔ²² tut̚⁵⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/kᵘɔ³³ hᵘɔ²² tut̚⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, xiangqi, chess) pawn who has crossed to the other side of the river


絆馬腳

ㄅㄢˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄅㄢˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/pän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn²² maː¹³ kœːk̚³/

/pän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn²² maː¹³ kœːk̚³/

(xiangqi) to obstruct the horse's movement with a piece directly in front of the horse in the direction of the movement


清老頭

→ Japanese: 清老頭 (chinrōtō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(mahjong) alternative form of 清幺九 (qīngyāojiǔ)


落象

/no²¹ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/loʔ⁵ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/ŋɔk̚²² t͡søŋ³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/lɔ³³ t͡sʰiɔ³³/

/lak̚²⁴ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/loʔ¹¹ ʑiã²³/

/loʔ²² ʑiã³⁵/

/loʔ²² ziã⁵²³/

/loʔ²² d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

/no²¹ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/loʔ⁵ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/ŋɔk̚²² t͡søŋ³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/lɔ³³ t͡sʰiɔ³³/

/lak̚²⁴ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/loʔ¹¹ ʑiã²³/

/loʔ²² ʑiã³⁵/

/loʔ²² ziã⁵²³/

/loʔ²² d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

(dialectal, xiangqi) to move back (of the elephant)


下象

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/xa⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/ha¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/xa⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/ha¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

(xiangqi) to move backward (of the elephant)


上象

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʂaŋ⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/sɔŋ¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʂaŋ⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/sɔŋ¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

(xiangqi) to move forward (of the elephant)


飛象

¹fi-zhian₆ / ¹fi-zian₆ / ¹fi-jian₆ / ¹fi-zhian₄^(

/fei⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/fi²¹ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/fəi³¹ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/fɐi²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

/fɨi⁴² ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/fei¹¹ ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/

/xi⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/fi⁵³ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/fi⁵⁵ ʑiã²¹/

/fi³³ ʑiã⁵¹/

/fi³³ d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

/fi³³ ziɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/xu̯i⁴⁴⁻³³ si̯ɔŋ³⁵/

/fei⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/fi²¹ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/fəi³¹ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/fɐi²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

/fɨi⁴² ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/fei¹¹ ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/

/xi⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/fi⁵³ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/fi⁵⁵ ʑiã²¹/

/fi³³ ʑiã⁵¹/

/fi³³ d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

/fi³³ ziɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/xu̯i⁴⁴⁻³³ si̯ɔŋ³⁵/

(xiangqi, dialectal) to move forward (of the elephant)


收象

/ʂəu̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/ʂəu̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

(Liuzhou, Changsha Xiang, xiangqi) to move backward (of the elephant)


撐象

/t͡sʰɛŋ²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

/t͡sʰɛŋ²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

(xiangqi, Yinchuan Mandarin, Dongguan Cantonese) to move forward (of the elephant)


轉章

/t͡syːn³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːn³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to replace one's tiles such that a different tile is needed for composing a winning hand


截糊

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to obstruct other players from forming a winning hand with the tile discarded by the previous player, by taking the discarded tile first (as oneself has precedence over the next players)


廣東牌

ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄞˊ

ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄞˊ

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) "Guangdong-style mahjong", the traditional mahjong style played in Hong Kong