mouse

/mɐu̯⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/mɐu̯⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) mouse (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 個／个 c)


AC

/ei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English account. Doublet of account.

冇AC都可以

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) account


down

From English down (“inoperable; out of service”, adjective).

bor

(Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly computing) to be out of service


引力

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/jɐn¹³ lɪk̚²/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lat̚¹²¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/iŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lak̚⁴/

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/jɐn¹³ lɪk̚²/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lat̚¹²¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/iŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lak̚⁴/


倉庫

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (倉庫):
* → Japanese: 倉(そう)庫(こ) (sōko)
* → Korean: 창고(倉庫) (changgo)

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/t͡sʰaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰou²¹³/

/t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵ kʰu²¹/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/t͡sʰaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰou²¹³/

/t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵ kʰu²¹/

(computing) repository (Classifier: 個／个 m)


bug

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) bug (Classifier: 個／个 c; 隻／只 c)


乙

→ Zhuang: iet

Unknown. Different ancient texts propose different origins.
* Pictogram (象形) – a developing plant (Shuowen).
* Pictogram (象形) – the intestine of a fish (Erya).
* Pictogram (象形) – the gill bone of a fish (Liji Zhengyi (《禮記正義》)
The character should not be confused with 𠃉 > 鳦.

乙烷


入

Ideogram (指事) - an arrowhead indicating "to enter".
Compare 人 (rén).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip. Cognate with Tibetan ནུབ (nub, “to fall (gradually), sink, to set; to decay, to decline”) and Burmese နိပ် (nip, “to decline (e.g. price); to be suppressed, to settle, to be quelled”).
Chinese characters belonging to the same word family include:
* 納 (OC *nuːb, “to make enter”)
* 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)
* 軜 (OC *nuːb, “reins on the inside of the horse”)
* 妠 (OC *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd, “to marry (a girl)”)
* 躡 (OC *neb, “to tiptoe, tread”)
* 攝 (OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb, “to take in, photograph, grasp”)
* 鑷 (OC *neb, “tweezers, forceps”)
* and potentially Cantonese 擸 (laap3, “to bring together, to collect”)
The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is rì. The irregular sound change is for taboo reasons - to avoid homophony with its derived vulgar meaning "to enter > to have sexual intercourse", nowadays represented by 日 (rì).


short

From English short, in the sense of a short circuit. Cognate with Taiwanese Hokkien 秀逗.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(Cantonese, electrical engineering) to short-circuit


丙

→ Zhuang: bingj

Various theories:
* Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
* Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya). See also 再.
* Pictogram (象形) - part of a chariot, as seen in the original form of 更.
* Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
* Pictogram (象形) – small table.
* Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).
Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem. See also the original version of 更 (< 㪅).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙, meaning "couplet" or "bivalve", referring to an asterism.

(organic chemistry) prop- (denoting the presence of three carbon atoms)


乸

Probably a dialectal form of 女 (OC *naʔ, “woman; female”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, Li (1990) proposed that this may be a Tai substrate loan, related to Zhuang nax (“younger maternal uncle or aunt”), Thai น้า (náa) (which go back to Proto-Tai *naːꟲ (“mother's younger sibling”)).

cog

(Cantonese, figuratively, of instruments, tools, or connectors) female


亨

(physics) Short for 亨利 (hēnglì, “henry”).


位

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷrɯbs): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb, “stand”). Often simply written as 立 in idiomatic expressions such as 即位 (jíwèi) in Western Zhou inscriptions.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(j)ap (“to stand”). Derived from 立 (OC *rɯb). Mei (2012) lists it among the possible nasal-prefixed verb forms (Old Chinese *N-k- > Middle Chinese *ɦ-, possibly forming a stative). Suffixed with a nominalizing *-s, it takes the sense "the place/rank/status one holds".

inh

(information theory) bit (the smallest unit of storage in a digital computer)


信

Sino-Xenic (信):
* → Vietnamese: tín (信)

→ Vietnamese: tin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and
phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljins): phonetic 人 (OC *njin, “person”) + semantic 言 (“word”).
Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *sin and suggests possible derivation from 允 (OC *winʔ, “to trust; to be true”).
Alternatively, Sagart and Baxter (2012) reconstruct *s-niŋ-s (*s-ni[ŋ]-s in Baxter and Sagart, 2014) and suggest a derivation from 仁 (OC *niŋ, “kind”) with the prefix *s-, probably used to increase its valency.

Han compound

(mineralogy) Short for 信石 (xìnshí, “arsenolite”).


值

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).

Han compound

絕對值

绝对值


傳

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (傳):
* → Korean: 전(傳) (jeon)
* → Vietnamese: truyền (傳)

→ Vietnamese: chuyền

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more.

och-l

(physics) to conduct (electricity or heat)


價

→ Lao: ຄ່າ (khā)

→ Thai: ค่า (kâa)

→ Zhuang: gyaq

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraːs): semantic 人 + phonetic 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “sell”).
Perhaps related to 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to sell”).


光

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (光):
* → Japanese: 光(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 광(光) (gwang)
* → Vietnamese: quang (光)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).

inh

㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥
𰭧
㶢

(specifically, physics) ray (Classifier: 條／条)

light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
ray (Classifier: 條／条)


公

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (公):
* → Japanese: 公(こう) (kō, “duke”)
* → Korean: 공(公) (gong, “duke”)
* → Vietnamese: công (公, “duke”)

→ Mongolian: гүн (gün)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠩ (gung)

→ Thai: กง (gong, “grandfather”) (said by Chinese race)

Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus

The traditional interpretation as given by Han Feizi is that 公 is a compound of 八 (= 背 (“to deviate; opposite”)) and 厶 (original form of 私 (“individual; private”)), i.e. the opposite of “private” — “public”. This theory is supported by Sun Yirang and Qiang Kaiyun, despite the somewhat different shape of the bottom component from 厶.
This is disputed in modern times by Gao Hongjin, who thinks that the 八 on top stands for 分 (“to divide; to distribute”) and the bottom round component 口 symbolises a generic object. 公 thus represents “equally dividing resources so that they are communal”.
Another theory put forth by Zhu Fangpu is that 公 is a pictogram (象形), being the original form of 瓮 (OC *qloːŋs, “a wide-mouthed round-bottomed jar”), and later borrowed for the meanings of “public” and “male of older generation or higher rank”.
; "fair; impartial; public"
; "male of older generation or higher rank; duke; male (of animals)"
: STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kaŋ (“father; grandfather; honorific”), also comparing it to 翁; compare Drung kangkang (“grandpa”), vkang (“(my/our) grandfather”), Burmese ခင် (hkang), as in မိခင် (mi.hkang, “mother”), ဖခင် (hpa.hkang, “father”). Alternatively, STEDT also compares it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (“penis; male”), whence 雄 (OC *ɡʷɯŋ, “male”), but considers it less probable.
: Schuessler (2007) suggests a Mon-Khmer origin; compare Khmer ឡូញ (louñ, “title of an unidentified rank or function”) and Old Khmer khloñ (“head, chief”) (whence ខ្លោង (khlaong)). Compare also Thai ลุง (lung), from Proto-Tai *luŋᴬ (“parent's older brother”), which may also be from Mon-Khmer. Tibetan ཁོང (khong) ~ གོང (gong, “final syllable in dignitaries' name”) may be borrowed from Chinese.

cog

(figuratively, of instruments, tools, or connectors) male


刷

/t͡sʰaːt̚³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰat̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰat̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(u/i)t (“to wipe, sweep, rub, scrub”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བཤུད (bshud, “to wipe”), Burmese သုတ် (sut, “idem”) (though STEDT mistakenly puts down 恤 (OC *sqʰʷiɡ, “to sympathize, compensate”) for the Chinese character instead).

och-l

刷固件


劑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zliːls, *ʔslel): phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 刂.
From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “orderly”).


力

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (力):
* → Japanese: 力(りき) (riki)
* → Korean: 력(力) (ryeok), 역(力) (yeok)
* → Vietnamese: lực (力)

→ Proto-Vietic: *k-rək

Muong: khấc

Vietnamese: sức

Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – alternative interpretation, either an arm bending out from the side of the body, or a wooden plough. The original version was 𠠲 and the letter ㄌ in zhuyin alphabet was inspired by this character.
See also the original version of 爭, in which another plow can be seen. Unrelated to 工 and perhaps to 耒 since they are two different tools. Also unrelated to 另.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra (“strength; to win; classifier for people”) + *-k (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese အား (a:, “strength; force”); Proto-Loloish *ra² (“strength”), whence Nuosu ꊋ (we); Panyi Bai [script needed] (ɣɯ̱⁴², “strength”); Central Bai hhep (“strength”). A causative derivative is 飭 (OC rhək) (Schuessler, 2007).
Schuessler (2007) also suggests an etymological connection with 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”).

cog

This force is the same direction as the displacement.

Zhè ge lì de fāngxiàng yǔ wèiyí xiāngtóng.

這個力的方向與位移相同。

这个力的方向与位移相同。


功

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *koːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ, “labour; work”) + semantic 力 (“strength”). However, the phonetic part represents the concept of working, which is what basically leads to success.
Cognate with 工 (OC *koːŋ). See there for more.


勢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hŋjeds): phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 力 (“power”).
Nominalisation of 設 (OC *ŋ̊et, “to set up”), i.e. “that which is set up” (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare the following quote from Han Feizi

Han compound

The setup (*ŋ̊et-s) of which I am speaking refers to what is set up (*ŋ̊et) by men.

Wú suǒ wéi yán shì zhě, yán rén zhī suǒ shè yě.

吾所為言勢者，言人之所設也。

吾所为言势者，言人之所设也。


包

Sino-Xenic (包):
* → Vietnamese: bao (包)

→ English: bao, bau, bow, pao, pau

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉ាវ (num paaw)

⇒ Lao: ກະລາເປົ໋າ (ka lā pao)

→ Malay: pau

⇒ Thai: ซาลาเปา (saa-laa-bpao)

Pictogram (象形) – a fetus (巳 (sì)) in the womb (勹), or a swaddled baby. Shuowen gives both interpretations.


化

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (化):
* → Japanese: 化(け) (ke); 化(か) (ka)
* → Korean: 화(化) (hwa)
* → Vietnamese: hoá (化)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) of two 人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.
Compare 并, 比, 卬, 尼 and 北.

氧化鈣／氧化钙

氫氧化鈉／氢氧化钠


卡

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²¹⁴/

This character is a vertical stacking of 上 (“up”) and 下 (“down”) with fusion of the horizontal lines, thus representing being squeezed between above and below.
Maybe cognate with 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to clip”).

卡在奇怪的地方

(computing) to freeze up; to buffer; to stop loading; to lag


卷

捲
𠨟
𨤖
𠨟
㢧
𢎥
𨤖
𠨟
婘
𨤖

新加卷


反

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.
Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).
番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

och-l

順反異構

顺反异构

反-2-丁烯


右

Burmese language
Jingpho language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Tibetan language

Originally 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) in the oracle bone script.
In bronze inscriptions, a 口 (“mouth; speech”) component was added, perhaps with the intention of indicating the use of 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) as a phonetic loan. In other words, the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + semantic 口.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(j/r)a (“right (hand)”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཡས (g.yas, “right”), Jingpho hkra (khʒa⁵⁵, “right”), Burmese ယာ (ya), ညာ (nya).
友 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “be friendly; friend”) is the endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to aid”), 祐 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “(of divinity) to assist; to bless”), 宥 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to pardon; magnanimous”) are exoactive derivations of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (ibid.).
; “(politics) right-wing”

liushu

OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs

och-l

右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)

右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)

右美沙芬


味

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (味):
* → Japanese: 味(み) (mi)
* → Korean: 미(味) (mi)
* → Vietnamese: vị (味)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *hmeiᴴ (“taste; to try”)

→ Vietnamese: mùi (“smell”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯds): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds).
Schuessler (2007) compared this word with Proto-Monic *[ʔ]məp (“good tasting, have a pleasant flavour, be pleasant”) > Mon မိပ် (mìp, “to be happy, to enjoy”). Unger (1992) connects this with Tibetan བྲོད (brod) (< བྲོ (bro, “to taste”)). Also compare Korean 맛 (mat, “taste”), 멋 (meot, “taste; charm”).


嘟

→ Hong Kong English: doot


噁

(chemistry) Used in transcription: ox(y)-


地

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (地):
* → Japanese: 地(じ) (ji); 地(ち) (chi)
* → Korean: 지(地) (ji)
* → Vietnamese: địa (地)

→ Proto-Tai: *diːᴮ

Ahom: 𑜄𑜣 (tī)

Lao: ທີ່ (thī)

Lü: ᦑᦲᧈ (tii¹)

Northern Thai: ᨴᩦ᩵

Shan: တီႈ (tīi)

Thai: ที่ (tîi)

Zhuang: dih

Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'els): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Compare Tibetan གཞི (gzhi, “ground”), Burmese မ္လိယ် (ma.liy) (whence Burmese မြေ (mre, “earth; ground”)) (Hill, 2019).

Han compound

坔
埅
埊
𡍑
𨹛
𨻐
墬
𡏇
𠏂
𡑸
𡒿
𡒴
𡒰
𡓬
嶳
𪒉
𤅴
哋

叫天天不應，叫地地不靈 / 叫天天不应，叫地地不灵

jiào tiān tiān bù yìng, jiào dì dì bù líng

浮地

2023, “计算机抽象及相关技术” (chapter 1), in 王党辉, 安建峰, 张萌, 王继禾, transl., 计算机组成与设计：硬件/软件接口MIPS版（原书第6版）, translation of Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, MIPS Edition, Sixth Edition by David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy (in English), →ISBN, 功耗墙 (section 7), page 30:

Modern microprocessors use hundreds of pins just for power and ground! Similarly, multiple levels of chip interconnect are used solely for power and ground distribution to portions of the chip.

Xiàndài wēichùlǐqì tōngcháng shǐyòng jǐ bǎi ge guǎnjiǎo zuòwèi diànyuán hé dì! Tóngyàng, xīnpiàn de duō ge hùlián céngjí jǐnjǐn shì wèile jiějué xīnpiàn de diànyuán hé dì de fēnbù bǐlì wèntí.

現代微處理器通常使用幾百個管腳作為電源和地！同樣，芯片的多個互連層級僅僅是為了解決芯片的電源和地的分佈比例問題。

现代微处理器通常使用几百个管脚作为电源和地！同样，芯片的多个互连层级仅仅是为了解决芯片的电源和地的分布比例问题。


域

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷrɯɡ): semantic 土 + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).
國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “state”) is the k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “territory”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 國 for more.

Han compound

域名


基

Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kɯ): phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ) + semantic 土 (“earth”) – a foundation of earth.

Han compound

𡉊
𡉨
𡉝
𡋵
踑
𨄎
㚻
gay


堆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tuːl): semantic 土 + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).
Schuessler (2007) takes its first appearance in Chu Ci as suggestive of foreign origin. Possibly related to:
* Proto-Tai *C̥.doːjᴬ (“mountain”) (whence Thai ดอย (dɔɔi), Saek [script needed] (rɔ:jᴬ¹), Zhuang ndoi)
* Proto-Hmong-Mien *glaɨᴰ (“mountain”), or
* Austroasiatic, e.g. Middle Mon [script needed] (duiw, “hill, hilltop”)
Possibly connected with 屯 (OC *duːn).

cog

堆分配


場

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aŋ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
Etymology not certain; perhaps related to Tibetan ར་བ (ra ba, “enclosure; fence; wall; yard”) and 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ, “space between the door and the entrance screen”) (Schuessler, 2007).

och-l

磁場

磁场

(physics) field (region affected by a particular force)


壓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qreːb): phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“to beat, thrash, winnow”), which is distantly related (via an allofam) to Burmese ယပ် (yap, “fan”), and more directly to the following Sinitic words (STEDT):
* 躐 (OC *rab, “to tread, trample”)
* 押 (OC *kraːb, *qraːb, “to seal, stamp”)
* 臿 (OC *sʰreːb, “pestle; to husk grain with a mortar and pestle”)

och-l

加壓

加压

血壓

血压

電壓

电压


子

Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – an image of a baby, with a large head and spread arms. The legs are wrapped in a blanket. Compare with 了, where the arms are wrapped, and 㜽, in which a lock of hair is visible on top. Compare also 棄 and 毓, in which the image of the baby is reversed upside-down.
The big seal script form is much more elaborate, showing a baby with hair on a head (囟) and arms on the two sides of the body, sitting on a stool (几).
See also the right component of 保.
;child
:From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child, offspring, relatives; to come forth (as child at birth); to love; loving”).
:Cognate with 字 (OC *zlɯs, “character; letter”), 慈 (OC *zɯ, “loving; kind”), 滋 (OC *ʔsɯ, “to grow, to breed, to propagate, to bring about, to increase”), 孳 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯs, “to breed, to propagate”).
;first earthly branch
:In oracle bone and Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, 子 was the sixth earthly branch; the first earthly branch was denoted differently. One of the forms survived in Shuo Wen (𢀇) (Matsumaru, 2015).
:Smith (2011) proposed this character is 甾. Observing that 甾 is closely linked with 緇 "dark, stained", 淄 "murky (water)", 菑 "field cleared by burning" (all pronounced *tsrə), Smith (2011) proposes that initially the first earthly branch 甾 (OC *ts[r]əʔ) denoted the new moon phase and meant "darkened, voided, the darkened stage". Additionally, Smith (2011) proposes that 子 (OC tsəʔ), which originated from a Sino-Tibetan root meaning "to come forth", denoted the moon's "coming forth" stage (i.e. early waning-gibbous phase).
:Sometime in Warring States period, a change occured that 子 became the first earthly branch and 巳 (OC *s-ləʔ) filled the void of the sixth earthly branch (Matsumaru, 2015), "due to phonological closeness (combined with the semantic opacity of the Branch terms at later eras)" (Smith, 2011).
:Association with the rat was possibly arbitrary, analogous to how 辰, the fifth earthly branch, was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (Ferlus, 2013).

och-l

㜽
𡿹
𡐫
𣕓
𰱤
𢀇
𢀈
𠙭
𢀉


字

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (字):
* → Japanese: 字(じ) (ji)
* → Korean: 자(字) (ja)
* → Vietnamese: tự (字)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟɤ:ᴮ (“name”)

Lao: ຊື່ (sư̄, “name”)

Thai: ชื่อ (chʉ̂ʉ, “name”)

Zhuang: coh (“name”)

desc

→ Vietnamese: chữ (“script; letter; writing; word”), chửa (“to be pregnant”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zlɯs): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child; to give birth; to take care; to be kind”). Related to:
* 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child, son”) (also its phonetic component)
* 慈 (OC *zɯ, “to be kind, loving”)
* 滋 (OC *ʔsɯ, “to nourish, to grow”)
* 詞 (OC *ljɯ, “word, term”)
* 辭 (OC *ljɯ, “word, from testimony”)
Original sense (1): “to become pregnant, to give birth to, to nurture, to love” has essentially become obsolete. The sense (2) “letter, character” is either from a different root or a derivation from the sense “to produce, to generate”.
Cognate with Tibetan ཚ་བོ (tsha bo, “nephew”), Tibetan ཚ་རུས (tsha rus, “descendant”), Tibetan བཙའ (btsa', “to give birth to; to guard”), Tibetan མཛའ (mdza', “kind, peaceful, friendly”) (Quan, 1996), Burmese စာ (ca, “writing, letter”).


安

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安):
* → Japanese: 安(あん) (an)
* → Korean: 안(安) (an)
* → Vietnamese: an (安)

Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 宀 (“house”) + 女 (“a kneeling woman”) – to be at ease, to be safe.
; calm; peaceful
: Cognate with 按 (OC *qaːns, “to push down with hand”), an exoactive derivative, literally “to cause to be settled; calmed” (ibid.).
: Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔɨāɫ (“rest”), comparing it to Mizo âwl (“to rest”) (and also noting Dhimal [script needed] (el-ka, “good”)). STEDT, however, traces the Mizo word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwal ~ *ʔwal (“finish, loose, relax”) and did not list 安 (OC *qaːn) among its comparanda: namely 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn), 緩 (OC *ɢʷaːnʔ), 諼 (OC *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ), 援 (OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan).
; where; how

cog

(physics) Short for 安培 (ānpéi, “ampere”).


宏

(computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program)


屏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ): semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)

Han compound

黑屏


左

Originally written 𠂇 and 䶹 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare 又 (“right hand”).
Late bronze inscription forms show an added 工 (“work; to assist?”) component, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 𠂇 (, “left hand”) + semantic 工 (“work”), representing the original form of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).
Cognate with 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (“left (hand)”) (STEDT).
; “(politics) left-wing”

ncog

左多巴


巰

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Blend of 氫 /氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”) + 硫 (liú, “sulfur”)


巴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (巴):
* → Japanese: 巴(は) (Ha)
* → Korean: 파(巴) (Pa)
* → Vietnamese: Ba (巴)

Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. However, in 邑 and 色 (both Kangxi radicals) it represents a person kneeling.
; "huge snake"
; "bar"

Used in transcription.
(physics) bar (unit of pressure)

Used in transcription.
bar (unit of pressure)


幀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rtɯːŋs): semantic 巾 + phonetic 貞 (OC *teŋ).

Han compound

掉幀

掉帧

(computing) frame, fps (frame per second)


度

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 石 (“rock”) + 又 (“hand”) — hand measuring a piece of rock. Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声), with 石 (OC *djaɡ) as a phonetic component. 石 is then corrupted into ⿸广廿.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ): phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 又.
Compare 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (“handspan”). Cognate with Tibetan མཐོ (mtho, “span; span of thumb and middle finger”), Burmese ထွာ (htwa, “to measure by a handspan; a quarter yard”), အထွာ (a.htwa, “handspan; quarter yard”), တွက် (twak, “to consider, to reckon; to calculate; to refuse to do things because others would not”), အတွက် (a.twak, “calculation; because of; for the sake of”). It is unclear whether Proto-Mon-Khmer *cɗaʔ (“span; handspan”) (whence Mon ဍ (daˀ, “to measure by spans of thumb and middle finger”)) is related. Related to 圖 (OC *daː, “to plan; to consider; plan; map”).

och-l

Classifier for degrees.
(physics) Classifier for kilowatt-hour.

Classifier for degrees.
Classifier for kilowatt-hour.


庫

→ Mongolian: хүү (xüü)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰaːs): semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla, “carriage”) – a carriage in a building.
According to Karlgren (1956), cognate with 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla, “carriage”) (< "storehouse for carriages").

Han compound

(physics) Short for 庫侖／库仑 (kùlún, “coulomb (unit of electrical charge)”).


式

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljɯɡ): phonetic 弋 (OC *lɯɡ) + semantic 工 (“work”).

Han compound

(mathematics, chemistry) formula (Classifier: 條／条 c)


或

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (或):
* → Vietnamese: hoặc (或)

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 戈 (“dagger-axe (used to defend the territory)”) + 囗 (“city wall”) + 一, “territory”. The most ancient version is 戓, then modified into 或; the stroke was added perhaps when the pronunciation of the character evolved.
Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative 國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ), 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ), and perhaps 淢 refer to the original word. The last character can be seen in the ancient name of the Han river, 㵄.
或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “someone; some”) is the result of the distributive suffix *-k being added to 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”).
Cognate with 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) (Schuessler, 2007).


打

desc

→ Korean: 치다 (chida, “to call (on the telephone)”) (semantic loan)

→ Zhuang: daj

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
This post-classical word (its earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen) was pronounced *teŋ in Late Old Chinese, as would be expected from a 丁 phonetic. By the early Ming period, the character had been borrowed (訓讀／训读) for another word (撻) with the same meaning ("to flog, to beat") but a different pronunciation (whence Mandarin tà), without the nasal ending. This may be related to the previous reading, as a dialectal variant. In Mandarin and some other varieties, the new reading became standard; however, derivations of the older pronunciation are still used in other varieties such as Wu and Min Nan, as well as Vietnamese (đánh).
It has been compared to Mizo dêng (“to throw; to fling; to hammer”) and proposed to be from Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *dah ~ daʔ (“to hit, to meet”), whence Mon ဒး (tɛ̀h, “to hit (a mark), meet with, reach [goal], be correct, apposite, to fit”) and Khmer ទះ (tĕəh, “to slap, to strike”).
The pronunciation da is recorded in 六書故 as 都假切.

cog

to hit (a mark), meet with, reach 􂀿goal􂁀, be correct, apposite, to fit

「o的」字點打？

「o的」字点打？

Used as a dummy verb to make a verbal phrase from a noun, including but not limited to:


拍

/pʰaːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰraːɡ): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô


拜

Originally 𢱭. Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 扌 (“hand”) + 𠦪 (“herbs”), a hand holding herbs as a gift. 𣬓 and 𢫶 are variant forms showing the hands at the bottom.
; "to bow"
; "byte"
; "bye"
; "day of the week"

拝
𢷎
𢳎
𢴽
𢰛
𡴬
𢱭
𣬓
𣬊
𢫶


掃

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) – a 手 (“hand”) with a 帚 (“broomstick”).


掣

control掣 [Cantonese] ― control zai³ [Jyutping] ― control key

(Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c)

(Cantonese, computing) key (on a keyboard); button (on a video game controller) (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c)

交叉掣 [Cantonese] ― kaau¹ caa¹ zai³ [Jyutping] ― close button

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(Cantonese, graphical user interface) button (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c)


摩

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (摩):
* → Japanese: 摩(ま) (ma)
* → Korean: 마(摩) (ma)
* → Vietnamese: ma (摩)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *maːl, *maːls): phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 手 (“hand”).

Han compound

(chemistry) Short for 摩爾／摩尔 (mó'ěr, “mole”).


新

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (新):
* → Japanese: 新(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 신(新) (sin)
* → Vietnamese: tân (新)

→ Thai: ซิง (sing)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *siŋ): phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new). In this character, 亲 is the stylized form of 𣓀, a chisel over a tree to indicate the hazelnut tree or the hazelnut branch, that could be used as a whip.
Also ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意). Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).
Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).
This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

新戊烷


朊

Newly coined character. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “original; first”).
Modelled after the etymology of English "protein": from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) ― cf. 元 (yuán, “original, first”), which also acted as the phonetic component of the character.
The choice of this character for the sense of "prion" is primarily due to the nature of prions as proteins, but might also have been influenced by the pronunciation of the word prion.


核

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) – a kind of tree. Modern meanings are borrowed.
The definitions related to “to examine” come from the “kernel” sense, i.e. “to go to the core” (Schuessler, 2007).
Generally thought to be of Sino-Tibetan origin. It has been compared to Tibetan རག་ཙེ (rag tse), Karbi rak (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007). However, Hill (2012) rejects the connection to the Tibetan word because most words ending with ཙེ (tse) are loanwords from Chinese words ending with the 子 suffix.
Smith (2011) groups this word with the following terms into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”:
* 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”),
* 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”) (also noted by Schuessler, 2007),
* 孩 (OC *ɡɯː, “child”),
* 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch".

Han compound

See also: 核心

4核


根

Monic languages
redundancy (linguistics)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kɯːn): semantic 木 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *(d)kər (“tree, plant”) (whence Proto-Vietic *kəl > Vietnamese cây, Muong câl), *d₂gəl ~ d₂g(əə)l (“trunk; stump”) (whence Khmer គល់ (kŭəl, “stump; floating log”), Proto-Monic *t(l)gəl (“stump”)).
Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposes a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) with redundant nominalizing suffix *-n. See 荄 for more.

Han compound

根目錄

根目录

根分區

根分区


棧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).


極

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡɯɡ): semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 亟 (OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) – originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (“expensive; at its peak”) (STEDT). Cognate with 亟 (OC *kɯɡ, “urgent”), 殛 (OC *kɯɡ, “to kill”) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

北極

北极

陰極

阴极


正

Burmese language
Chepang language
Jingpho language
Khmer language
Mizo language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Thai language
Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs): phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go on long campaign”).
Later, 丁 was simplified into a horizontal stroke, as in 旦. Folk etymologies do not recognize 丁. Graphically, the modern version of the character is the reverse of 之.
Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.
Compare Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”). Matisoff sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”) for this, which includes 正, 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”).
Additionally, Matisoff has Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), whence Chepang धेङ्सा (dʰeŋ-, “straight”), Jingpho ding (“straight”), Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”), Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”). Also compare Khmer ទៀង (tiĕng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”) and Thai ดิ่ง (dìng, “vertically; straight; to plummet”).
Derivatives:
* 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go straight > to go on a journey”)
* 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; to govern; government; to determine”)
* 整 (OC *tjeŋʔ, “orderly; to arrange; to dispose”)
For etymology of pronunciation 正 (zhĕng) in the month 正月 (zhēngyuè)'s name, see there.

och-l

正極

正极


母

Sino-Xenic (母):
* → Vietnamese: mẫu (母)

Differentiated form of 女 with the addition of distinguishing dots. In the early oracle bone texts both words 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) and 母 were written as 女 (Yao, 1989, Liu, 2011, Huang, 2014). Part of this character appears in 乳.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).

inh

(figuratively, of instruments, tools, or connectors) female


氖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 乃.


氙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 山 (“mountain”). The phonetic component is abbreviated from 仙 (“celestial being”).
Borrowed from English xenon.


氟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 弗.
From earlier 弗氣／弗气, 弗素, which is probably an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弗素, where 弗(ふつ) (futsu) was used phonetically.


氠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 申.
Borrowed from English xenon. Obsoleted, as it is homophonous to 砷 (shēn, “arsenic”).


氡

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 冬.
Borrowed from English radon.


氥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 西.
Borrowed from English xenon. Obsoleted, as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī, “selenium”).


氦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 亥 (hài).
Borrowed from New Latin helium.


氧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 養 (yǎng, “to nourish”).
From 養／养 (yǎng, “to nourish”) in 養氣／养气 [19th c.], referring to oxygen's role in sustaining life. Derivative: 𨦡／𰽽 (yáng, “oxonium”).


氨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 安 (ān).
Borrowed from English ammonia. Related to 銨／铵 (ǎn, “ammonium”) and 胺 (àn, “amine”).


氫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 气 (“air; gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 輕 (qīng, “light; of low density”).
From 輕／轻 (qīng, “light; of low density”) in 輕氣／轻气 [19th c.]. So named as hydrogen gas is lighter than air.


氮

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 淡 (dàn, “dilute”).
From 淡 (dàn, “dilute”) in 淡氣／淡气 [19th c.], referring to nitrogen diluting oxygen in the air.


氯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 彔. 彔 is also a reduced form of 綠 (“green”), serving as a semantic component.
From 綠氣／绿气 (“green gas”) in the 19th century, which is a calque of English chlorine, referring to the colour of chlorine gas.


氰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 气 + phonetic 青 (qīng).
From 青 (qīng), influenced by cyanogen.


汞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoːŋʔ): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 水 (“water”)


池

Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'al): semantic 氵 + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Perhaps a Sino-Tibetan word; compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii (“pool; lake; pond”), whence Mizo li (“quiet, deep pool”) (STEDT).

廟小妖風大，池淺王八多 / 庙小妖风大，池浅王八多

miào xiǎo yāofēng dà, chí qiǎn wángbā duō


波

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *paːl): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).
; “wave; undulation”
: STEDT and Starostin derive it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/m-ba (“wave; ripple”). Cognate with Tibetan རྦ (rba), དབའ (dba', “wave”).
: Schuessler (2007) notes a mismatch of the vowels in the above comparanda, and instead posits a root *paj (“slanted; not level”), also subsuming 陂 (OC *pral, “slope; slanting”).
: Wang (1982) relates it to 播 (OC *paːls, “to winnow”), 簸 (OC *paːlʔ, *paːls, “to winnow”).

inh

聲波

声波

微波


流

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ru): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㐬 ().
Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་ (rgyu, “to move, to go, to wander”) (Hill, 2019).

cog

汖
㳅
𡵰
𣳛
𭰈
𣴑
𣹭
𣹳
𣻤
⿰氵巟
⿰氵𡿮
⿰𣴑水
⿲水𡿮水
⿲氺⿱一𠫝水
⿰氵⿱厶⿲丿丨㇏

氣流／气流

電流／电流

(of water, electricity, other fluids) current; flow; stream

(physics) Short for 流明 (liúmíng, “lumen”).


減

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm, “seal”) - to seal off a stream of water, decreasing its flow. 咸 is the original character of 緘 /缄 and also serves as a semantic component.

Han compound

减
减
减
噉
咁
𡄎
緊
减


link

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) hyperlink (Classifier: 條／条 c)


link

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) to link; to add a hyperlink


烯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 希, the latter being derived from 稀 (xī, “rare”) of which it is the phonetic element. This is coined in light of the observed lack of hydrogens (as compared to alkanes) in alkenes and the fact that alkenes are flammable.
Compare 烷 (wán, “alkane”), 炔 (quē, “alkyne”).


烴

Blend of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”) + 氫 /氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”)


烷

From 完 (wán, “full; complete”), referring to the saturation of the carbons in alkanes. Compare 烯 (xī) and 炔 (quē).


焓

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 含 (hán, “to contain inside”).


焦

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(physics) Short for 焦耳 (jiāo'ěr, “joule (energy unit)”).


熵

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 商 (shāng, “quotient”)
Coined by Chinese physical scientist Hu Gangfu in 1923 to translate the concept of entropy in thermodynamics, where 商 (shāng, “quotient”) represents the quotient of heat and temperature, and 火 (huǒ, “fire”) represents its relation to thermodynamics.

coinage

(physics, information theory, etc.) entropy


燒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hŋjew, *hŋjaws): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
From 蕘 (OC *ŋjew, “firewood; fuel”) with causative devoicing (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - describes the weather; ‡ - describes objects


牛

Wutunhua: nek

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

Pictogram (象形) of a bull's head.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.
;"awesome"

傲人

nowadays especially of breasts, body curve

細漢偷挽匏，大漢偷牽牛 / 细汉偷挽匏，大汉偷牵牛

sè-hàn thau bán pû, tōa-hàn thau khan gû

(physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) Short for 火牛 (“transformer”). (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


環

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (環):
* → Japanese: 環(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 환(環) (hwan)
* → Vietnamese: hoàn (環)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷraːn): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ).
Note similarities to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *hwaŋ (“to encircle; circular, fence”), whence Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “enclosure, compound”).

cog

苯環

苯环

雜環

杂环

(chemistry) ring (a group of atoms linked by bonds to form a closed chain in a molecule)


甙

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 代 (“substitute”) + 甘 (“sweet”).


異

Ideogram (指事) – a man with a mask (田) over his face. Possible interpretations:
* Strange, bizarre — "uncommon".
* Different face — "different".
Compare 鬼 (“demon”), where the 田 also derives from a face or a mask. Compare also 禺, in which the top component represents either a mask or a monkey's face.
Alternatively, may be a pictogram (象形) of a person carrying something on his head, the original form of 戴 (“to carry on the head”).
Modern form is graphically 田 + 共, though this is not the etymology.

(chemistry) iso- (forms terms relating to isomers)


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *baːn): phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

軟盤／软盘

網盤／网盘

(computing, chiefly Mainland China) disk; hard drive; storage device


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

och-l

相空間

相空间

相位

月相


矢

Pictogram (象形) – an arrow. More recognizable in older forms. Compare 畀 and 至. See also the bottom component of 睪 and the original versions of 弗 and 𢦏.
; arrow
; to swear, to vow

The way to Zhou was like a whetstone,
And straight as an arrow.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

周道如砥，其直如矢。


矩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷaʔ): semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). The arrow is a stylization of a man with spread arms and/or holding the carpenter's square, 大.
; “(physics) moment”

Han compound

力矩

磁矩


矽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 夕 (xī).
From English silicon. Coined by Chinese scientist Xu Shou in 1871. The term is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin".

coinage

(chemistry, chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China) silicon


砷

Earlier 鉮 /𬬹 in 化學鑑原, a translated version of Wells's Principles and Applications of Chemistry. Probably a loan from English arsenic.


砼

Coined by Chinese architect Cai Fangyin in 1953.
The glyph is a compound of 人工石 (“man-made stone”). Pronunciation is from 仝 (tóng), treated as the phonetic component of the glyph. Serendipitously, the pronunciation also resembles the word for “concrete” in some European languages; cf. French béton, German Beton, Russian бето́н (betón).


硅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 圭 (guī).
An orthographic borrowing from Japanese 硅(けい)素(そ) (keiso) (Wu, 2010); pronunciation from its phonetic part 圭 (guī) (ibid.), in turn from Dutch keiaarde (“silicon”). The usage of 矽 (xī) is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin". In Taiwan, these three words are not homophonous.
The 1932 ROC Ministry of Education's Principles of Chemical Nomenclature says

Han compound

硅 is derived and developed from the Japanese name 珪素 (けいそ, keiso). Considering Si is a solid substance, we hence convert the component 王 into 石.

1932, 國立編譯館, 化學命名原則

Guī yóu rì míng guīsù zī yǎn ér chéng, yīn wéi gùtǐ, gù gǎi wáng páng wéi shí.

硅由日名珪素孳演而成，因爲固體，故改王旁爲石。

1932, 國立編譯館, 化學命名原則

硅由日名珪素孳演而成，因为固体，故改王旁为石。


硝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sew): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews)


硫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ru): semantic 石 (“stone”) + abbreviated phonetic 流 (OC *ru).
Derivative: 鋶／锍 (liǔ, “sulfonium”).


硼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 朋.
Originally only used in 硼砂 (“borax”): first attested in 《丹方鑑源》 (Tang dynasty), as 大朋砂. The 硼 here is a loanword; compare Middle Persian bwlk' (bōrag).
The “boron” sense of 硼 is a clipping or back-formation.


碘

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 + phonetic 典 (diǎn).
Borrowed from English iodine.


碟

/iap̚³²⁻³²⁵/

/iap̚³²⁻³²⁵/

From 疊 (MC dep, “stack”); not used before Yuan dynasty.

(computing) disc-based data storage device, such as a CD or a DVD (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


碲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 帝.
From New Latin tellurium.


碳

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 石 (“(chemical nomenclature) non-metal solid”) + 炭 (“charcoal”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声), with 炭 (tàn) as a phonetic component.
From 炭 (tàn, “charcoal”).


碼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mraːʔ): semantic 石 (“stone; rock”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).
Before Qing dynasty, the character was used in word 碼瑙／码瑙 (Yupian) and 碼頭／码头 (mǎtou) (Stories to Awaken the World), both originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ).
; “gambling chip”, “chip for counting” (> “number”), “classifier for things”
; “yard”
; “kilometer per hour”
; “pixelization”
; “to reply to a post for reading it later”

zh-l

碼頭／码头 (mǎtou)

源碼

源码

二維碼

二维码

亂碼

乱码


磚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjon): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).

Han compound

(electronic devices) to become unfunctional

變磚

变砖

(computing slang, figurative) brick (an electronic device, especially a heavy box-shaped one, that has become non-functional or obsolete)


磷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rin, *rins): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).


磺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).


箭

→ Vietnamese: tên

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔslens): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 前 (OC *zleːn).

Han compound

(archery, weaponry) arrow (Classifier: 支 m c mn)


糖

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (糖):
* → Japanese: 糖(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
* → Vietnamese: đường (糖)

→ Guiqiong: d’ɐŋ

→ Macanese: tôm-tôm

/tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

zh:临城镇 (临高县)
zh:琼山区

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aːŋ): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).
Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ² ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Han compound

多糖

葡萄糖

(organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate


結

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kiːd): semantic 糸 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)i(t/k) (“to tie; to bind”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིག (khyig, “to bind”), Burmese ကျစ် (kyac, “to twist”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).


線

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sqʰeːns): semantic 糹 + phonetic 泉 (OC *sɡʷen).

Han compound

(Singapore, computing) network connection


羧

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

For the organic compound, Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 羊 (“oxgyen, from 氧”) + 夋 (“acid, from 酸”).
Blend of 氧 (yǎng, “oxygen”) + 酸 (suān, “acid”) and borrowed from English carboxyl.


羰

Blend of 氧 (yǎng, “oxygen”) + 碳 (tàn, “carbon”)


聚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zloʔ, *zlos): phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 乑 (“three men”).
Compare Burmese စု (cu., “to accumulate”) (Luce, 1981).

Han compound

冣
𨛿
𦼈
𧅞
𣷗
𧚿
𬥁
𫮣
𦖰


肼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 井 (jǐng).
Borrowed from English hydrazine. Derivative: 𨥙 (jǐng, “hydrazinium”).

(organic chemistry) hydrazine (derivative)


肽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 太 (tài).
Borrowed from English peptide.


胍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷaː): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).
Borrowed from English guanidine.


胜

(chemistry, dated) Synonym of 肽 (tài, “peptide”)


胲

(organic chemistry) hydroxylamine (derivative)


胺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qaːd): semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).
Borrowed from English amine. Related to 氨 (ān, “ammonia”) and 銨／铵 (ǎn, “ammonium”).


膜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).


舵

Guangyun
Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
Shiming

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aːlʔ): semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
Attested late, in Shiming as 柂 and Guangyun as 舵.
Shiming connects it to 拖 (OC *l̥ˤaj, “to drag, to pull, to haul”). Meanwhile, Schuessler (2007) considers it an areal word; compare Vietnamese lái (“to drive (a wheeled vehicle), to steer (a vessel), etc.”) and Thai ท้าย (táai, “stern; back; rear end”).


苊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 厄.
Borrowed from English acenaphthene.


苯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pɯːnʔ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ).
; “benzene”


苷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːm): semantic 艹 + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
; “glycoside”


茂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mus): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 戊 (OC *mus).
Applying this character to mean “cyclopentadiene” in organic chemistry results from the decomposition of the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 艸 (“radical for aromatic compounds”) + 戊 (“five-carbon ring”), since the conjugate base of cyclopentadiene (cyclopentadienyl anion) is aromatic.

Han compound

二茂鐵

二茂铁


茹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njas): semantic 艹 (“grass, plants”) + phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) – plant roots, part of a plant.
Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Kharia [script needed] (ɲoʔ, “to eat”) and Proto-Vietic *s-nja:ʔ (“to chew, to masticate”) (> Vietnamese nhá). Schuessler (2003) also compares 茹 with Jingpho noʔ¹ 'to eat' and Proto-Mienic *ʔnəkᴰ 'to swallow'.


草

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (草):
* → Japanese: 草(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 초(草) (cho)
* → Vietnamese: thảo (草)

Vietnamese: tháu (“scrawling”)

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰuːʔ): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 早 (OC *ʔsuːʔ). Originally referred to 皂, and later borrowed for the “grass” sense, replacing 艸.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tswa-n (“grass”); cognate with Tibetan རྩྭ (rtswa, “grass”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Alternatively, it may be related to 芻 (OC *sʰro, “hay”), from Austroasiatic; compare Mon ချဲ (“grass; weeds; hay”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

屮
艸
𢂉
𦯑
𦯨
𦳕
𦷣
𦳱
騲


荷

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kal ~ *s-gal (“back (lower); kidney; load; carry”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྒལ་པ (sgal pa, “small of the back”), Mizo kal (“kidney”), Chepang गल् (gəl, “kidney”), Tangut 𗹼 (*khiwa¹, “kidney”), Burmese ခါး (hka:, “waist”), 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ, “to be able to”).


莰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 + phonetic 坎.
Borrowed from English camphane.


蒈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 + phonetic 皆.
Borrowed from English carane.


螺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *roːl): semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”).

och-l

螺內酯

螺内酯


ping

ping不通網關

ping不通网关


行

Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.
Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 (chì) is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 (chù) finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.


負

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): ⺈ (“person”) + 貝 (“cowry”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“carry, shoulder”).

inh

(mathematics, electricity, etc.) negative


download

/taːŋ⁵⁵ lou̯⁵⁵/

/taːŋ⁵⁵ lou̯⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) to download


赫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qʰraːɡ): Duplication of 赤 (“red”), with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) acting as the phonetic component.
Related to 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ, “bright red”) and possibly 奭 (OC *hjaɡ, “majestic; red”).

liushu

(physics) Short for 赫茲／赫兹 (Hèzī, “hertz”).


跑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *bruː, *bruːɡ): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
Compare Proto-Loloish *paw¹ (“to flee”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English run.

Han compound

Samsung's DeX can be used to run Linux now

三星的DeX可以拿來跑Linux了

三星的DeX可以拿来跑Linux了

(computing, colloquial) to run (a program)


輕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs): semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). Explanation of semantic component: light carriage.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-jaːŋ (“light (weight); lightweight”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཡང་མོ (yang mo, “light”), Jingpho tsang (tsa̱ŋ³³, “light (of weight)”), Mizo zâng (“light”).

cog

(obsolete, chemistry) Alternative name for 氫／氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”).


辛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (辛):
* → Japanese: 辛(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 신(辛) (sin)
* → Vietnamese: tân (辛)

→ Zhuang: sin

Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.


通

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ): semantic 辶 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

Han compound

I tried to call several times but couldn't get through.

ngo⁵ daa² zo² gei² ci³ dou¹ daa² m⁴ tung¹.

我打咗幾次都打唔通。

我打咗几次都打唔通。

to pass through; to travel through; to go through; or, to allow passage


遍

Multiple-pass compilation allows for more extensive and thorough optimization, resulting in a higher quality target program.

Duō biàn biānyì nénggòu shǐ yōuhuà gōngzuò zuò dé gèngduō, gèng chōngfēn, kě huòdé gèng gāo zhìliàng de mùbiāo chéngxù.

多遍編譯能夠使優化工作做得更多、更充分，可獲得更高質量的目標程序。

多遍编译能够使优化工作做得更多、更充分，可获得更高质量的目标程序。

(computing) pass, a run through a document as part of a translation, compilation or reformatting process.


酚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 分 (fēn).
Borrowed from English phenol.

(organic chemistry) phenol (any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring)


酞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 太 (tài).
Borrowed from English phthalein.


酯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ). Modelled after 脂 (zhī, “lipid”) with a radical input from other oxygenated organic compounds such as 醇 (chún, “alcohol”) and 酸 (suān, “acid”), referring to ester linkages in lipids like glycerides.
From 脂 (zhī, “lipid”), referring to ester linkages in lipids like glycerides.

任何汽車生化柴油供應商明知而供應或分發任何酯含量高於或低於汽車生化柴油標籤上所顯示的酯含量百分率超過1%的汽車生化柴油，即屬犯罪，一經定罪，可處第5級罰款。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
任何汽车生化柴油供应商明知而供应或分发任何酯含量高于或低于汽车生化柴油标签上所显示的酯含量百分率超过1%的汽车生化柴油，即属犯罪，一经定罪，可处第5级罚款。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
jam⁶ ho⁴ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴ gung¹ jing³ soeng¹ ming⁴ zi¹ ji⁴ gung¹ jing³ waak⁶ fan¹ faat³ jam⁶ ho⁴ zi² ham⁴ loeng⁶ gou¹ jyu¹ waak⁶ dai¹ jyu¹ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴ biu¹ cim¹ soeng⁶ so² hin² si⁶ dik¹ zi² ham⁴ loeng⁶ baak³ fan⁶ leot⁶⁻² ciu¹ gwo³ 1% dik¹ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴, zik¹ suk⁶ faan⁶ zeoi⁶, jat¹ ging¹ ding⁶ zeoi⁶, ho² cyu² dai⁶ ng⁵ kap¹ fat⁶ fun². [Jyutping]

Section 12(1), Air Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap. 311L)

Any motor vehicle biodiesel supplier who knowingly supplies or distributes any motor vehicle biodiesel containing an ester content that is more than 1% higher or lower than the percentage of ester content as indicated on the motor vehicle biodiesel label commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 5.


酰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 先 (OC *sɯːn, *sɯːns).

(organic chemistry, Mainland China, Hong Kong) acyl


酶

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯː): semantic 酉 + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Han compound

酯酶

蛋白酶


酸

→? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)

/ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sloːn): semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

inh

鹽酸／盐酸


醇

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *djun): semantic 酉 + phonetic 𦎧 ().


醚

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + 迷 (“confusion”), referring to the anesthetic properties of diethyl ether. 迷 also acts as the phonetic component.
From 迷 (mí, “confusion”), referring to the anesthetic properties of diethyl ether.


醛

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

; Etymology 1
; Etymology 2
From 荃 (quán, “fragrant plant”), referring to the fragrance of many aldehydes.


醯

(organic chemistry, dated, still used in Taiwan) acyl


釓

For pronunciation and definitions of 釓 – see 釚 (“crossbow latch; unnilennium”).
(This character is a variant form of 釚).


釚

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡu): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ).


釟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *preːd): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd).


釩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰomʔ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom).
From New Latin vanadium.


釷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 土 (tǔ).
Borrowed from New Latin thorium.


釹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 女 (nǚ).
From New Latin neodymium.


鈁

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, chemistry) francium


鈇

For pronunciation and definitions of 鈇 – see 斧 (“axe; hatchet”).
(This character is a variant form of 斧).


鈥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 火 (OC *qʰʷaːlʔ).
Borrowed from New Latin holmium.


鈦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 太 (tài).
Borrowed from New Latin titanium.


鈳

(chemistry, obsolete) columbium; niobium


鈹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰral): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 皮.
From New Latin beryllium.


鈾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

鈾濃縮

铀浓缩


鉀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *klaːb, *kraːb) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb, “armour”)
Borrowed from New Latin kalium.


鉍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *priɡs, *priɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ).


鉛

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lon): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) – a kind of metal.
Most varieties have a pronunciation derived from a velar initial.
* Schuessler (2007) see it a re-etymologization towards 掔 (MC khean|khen, “solid; hard”).
* Per Liu (2022), it is from Wu, in which the character 鉛 /铅 is used to denote an etymon meaning "tinplate" with this velar pronunciation. As for further etymology, Liu suggested it an Indo-European-sourced borrowing, cf. English can (“metal container”).


鉨

For pronunciation and definitions of 鉨 – see 璽 (“imperial seal; royal seal”).
(This character is a variant form of 璽).
Coined in 2017 by the Chinese National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies and State Language Commission.


鉬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 目 (mù).
From New Latin molybdaenum.


鉺

For pronunciation and definitions of 鉺 – see 鏗 (“to strike; to hit; jingling”).
(This character is a variant form of 鏗).
Borrowed from New Latin erbium.


銅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (銅):
* → Japanese: 銅(どう) (dō)
* → Korean: 동(銅) (dong)
* → Vietnamese: đồng (銅, “copper; dong (Vietnamese currency)”) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Khmer: ទង់ (tŭəng, “bronze; red copper; alloy of copper and gold”), ថង (thɑɑng, “gold”), ទង (tɔɔng, “gold”)

→ Lao: ທອງ (thǭng, “copper; gold; metal”)

→ Thai: ทอง (tɔɔng, “gold”)

→ Zhuang: doengz (“copper; brass”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to 彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initial l- (Sagart, 1999). Examples include Zhuang luengz, Bouyei luangz and Bu-Nao Bunu loŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.
Tibetan དོང་ཙེ (dong tse, “Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed from Chinese 銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ).

zh-l

銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ)


銑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sɯːnʔ): semantic 釒 + phonetic 先 (OC *sɯːn, *sɯːns).
Compare Tibetan གསེར (gser, “gold”) (Hill, 2019).


銥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 衣 (yī)


銨

Borrowed from English ammonium. Related to 氨 (ān, “ammonia”) and 胺 (àn, “amine”).


銩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丢 ().
Borrowed from New Latin thūlium.


鋁

→ Zhuang: lij

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 呂.
Borrowed from New Latin aluminium.


鋂

For pronunciation and definitions of 鋂 – see 萌 (“to bud; to sprout; to germinate; to begin; to start; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 萌).


鋨

For pronunciation and definitions of 鋨 – see 鐵 (“iron; railway; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 鐵).
Borrowed from New Latin osmium.


鋱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 忒 (OC *l̥ʰɯːɡ).
Borrowed from New Latin terbium.


鋶

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + abbreviated phonetic 硫 (liú, “sulfur”).
From 硫 (liú, “sulfur”).


錁

Jiyun
Longkan Shoujian
Song dynasty
rime dictionary

Found in the Jiyun 《集韻 (Jíyùn)》 rime dictionary published during the Song dynasty (1037 AD) and Longkan Shoujian 《龍龕手鑑》 dictionary compiled in 997 AD.
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 果.

(dated, chemistry) transcription of gallium


錒

→ Zhuang: ah


錯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ) – grindstone.
; "whetstone, grindstone"
; "criss-cross, interlocking, alternating, ornate"
; "lake"
; "cerium"

Han compound

(chemistry, obsolete) Alternative name for 鈰／铈 (shì, “cerium”).


錳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 孟.
From New Latin manganum.


錸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ).
Borrowed from New Latin rhenium.


錼

(chemistry, Taiwan, obsolete in Mainland China) neptunium


鍵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans) – a metal key.

Han compound

離子鍵

离子键

(computing) key (value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container)


鎂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 美 (měi).
Borrowed from New Latin magnesium.


鎖

→ Zhuang: suj

via Old Chinese:

→ Burmese: သော့ (sau.)

→ Mon: သအ်

→ Khmer: សោ (sao)

→ Shan: သေႃး (sáu)

→ Khün: ᨪᩳ

→ Lü: ᦌᦸ (soa)

→⇒ Middle Korean: 솨줄〮 (swàcwúl)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽳𐽰 (sua)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (suala-)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *soːlʔ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𧴪 ().

Han compound

(computing) lock (mutex or other token restricting access to a resource)


鎦

(Taiwan, obsolete in Mainland China, chemistry) lutetium


鏌

Coined in 2017 by the Chinese National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies and State Language Commission.


鏡

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鏡):
* → Japanese: 鏡(きょう) (kyō)
* → Korean: 경(鏡) (gyeong)
* → Vietnamese: kính (鏡)

→ Vietnamese: gương

→ Zhuang: gingq

/kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).
Probably cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”), 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Gong (2019) identifies the unknown preinitial *C in the reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014) with *s based on evidence from Old Vietnamese, and further posits that it is an instrumental noun derived by prefixation of *s- to the verb 映 (OC *qraŋs, “to reflect”), which is itself a denominal derived from 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow; image”).
Alternatively, it may be derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.).
STEDT compares 鏡, 景 and 亮, among others, to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).
This word is relatively late and is perhaps re-etymologized from the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007), which Wang (1982) treats as cognate. Gong (2019) considers 鏡 to be an unrelated neologism replacing 鑑.

Han compound

稜鏡

棱镜

凸透鏡

凸透镜


鐠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 普 (OC *pʰaːʔ).
From New Latin praseodymium.


鐦

For pronunciation and definitions of 鐦 – see 魁 (“first; leading; best; chief; leader; head; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 魁).


鐳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ruːl): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl).
Borrowed from English radium.


鐿

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).
Borrowed from New Latin ytterbium.


鑀

(physics) ionium (radioactive isotope of thorium)


鑥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ, “lǔ”).
From New Latin lutetium.


門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (門):
* → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
* → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
* → Vietnamese: môn (門)

Wutunhua: men

Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character (𠁣).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-muːr (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).
; “-gate”


開

开
𫔭
䦐
𨴉
𨳩
𨴂
𨵹
𨶘
𨵑
开
K
开
开
嗨

(physics) Short for 開爾文／开尔文 (kāi'ěrwén, “kelvin”).


雲

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢun): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”). Originally written 云, with the 雨 radical added to 云 to distinguish from the borrowed sense of “to speak”.
Very few outside cognates exist. Starostin compares it with Mizo vân (“sky, the skies, heaven”) and Karbi inghun (“cloud”).
Alternatively, this is a derivation from a root meaning “to revolve”. Compare 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to move”), 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to whirl, to circle”) (Schuessler, 2007).


雷

Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ruːl): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).
The Northern Min initial s- may be due to the loss of a pre-initial which might have been a velar considering dialect forms in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi, e.g. Taiyuan Jin 忽雷 (hueh4 lui1) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo râwl (“voice; cry (of an animal); sound”), Tibetan ཁྲོལ (khrol).
;"spoiler"
; "loyalty"

cog

畾
𡈶
𩇓
𤴐
𩂩
𤳳
䨓
𩄣
靁
㗊
𤴑

魚雷／鱼雷

手雷

雷區／雷区 ― léiqū ― minefield

排雷 ― páiléi ― to demine

(military, weaponry, in compounds) explosive device; mine


頁

Pictogram (象形): 首 + 卩 – head of a kneeling person, emphasising “head”.
頁 and 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus) were originally the same pictographic character with the same meaning of “head”, and the graphical difference was that 頁 also included the body in addition to the head of the person.
頁 was later used as an alternative popular form of 葉 (“leaf; page”) to mean “sheet; page (of paper)”, which is its main meaning today.
The original sense of “head” is preserved in the radical 頁, which is used in characters such as 頭 (“head”) and 頸 (“neck”).
Alternative form of 葉 /叶 (“leaf; sheet (of paper)”).


順

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (順):
* → Japanese: 順(じゅん) (jun)
* → Korean: 순(順) (sun)
* → Vietnamese: thuận (順)

desc

→ Vietnamese: thuần (“docile; experienced”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢljuns): phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon) + semantic 頁.
Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 川 (“river”) + 頁 (“head”) - flowing in the river, i.e. following/obeying the river's current. Compare the English phrase go with the flow.

Han compound

順反異構

顺反异构

順-2-丁烯

顺-2-丁烯


頻

Originally 瀕, ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): a person 頁 near the water's edge 涉, extended to mean "on the verge". The water component 氵 was removed to distinguish its usage for "frequent".
Perhaps from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *phi-r/n/s (“late, behind, after, outside”) (STEDT root #5883). See 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ, “to compare, match, follow”) for more cognates.

och-l

(physics) Short for 頻率／频率 (pínlǜ, “frequency”).


駭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡrɯːʔ): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ)
;"to hack"


高

→ English: Gao, Kao, Ko

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (高):
* → Japanese: 高(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 고(高) (go)
* → Vietnamese: cao (高)

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a tall building. Compare 京, which however is not a Kangxi radical.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Compare with Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “head”). However, 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) instead is more likely to be related to this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root given its significant semantic agreement (Schuessler, 2007).
Likely allofams are 喬 (OC *ɡrew, “tall”), and perhaps 浩 (OC *ɡuːʔ, “vast”) (although the vowels do not agree).

Han etyl

高錳酸鉀

高锰酸钾


鹼

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam): semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

Han compound

(chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not)


鹽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鹽):
* → Japanese: 塩(えん) (en)
* → Korean: 염(鹽) (yeom)
* → Vietnamese: diêm (鹽)

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams): phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

cog

盐
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
𪉟
盐
醃:Wu

Passwords that are not salted are easily cracked.

沒有加鹽的密碼容易被破解。

没有加盐的密码容易被破解。


黑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黑):
* → Japanese: 黒(こく) (koku)
* → Korean: 흑(黑) (heuk)
* → Vietnamese: hắc (黑)

Five Punishments
Shuowen
Spring and Autumn
Warring States

Pictogram (象形) – a person (大) with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing (墨 and 黥), one of the five punishments of ancient China.
In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around 大, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𡆧 (“chimney”) + 炎 (“fire; flame”) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.
This word displaced the earlier word for "black", 玄. Unrelated to 熏.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Han compound

† - usually describes the color of cloth or thread

黑客 ― hēikè ― hacker

Can you hack into Henderson's office computer?

Nǐ kěyǐ hēidiào Hēngdésēn bàngōngshì de diànnǎo ma?

你可以黑掉亨德森辦公室的電腦嗎？

你可以黑掉亨德森办公室的电脑吗？


窗口

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰau⁵²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰau⁵²/

彈出窗口

弹出窗口

(computing) window (display screen for viewing information)

視窗

window: display screen for viewing information


ser

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) server (Classifier: 個／个 c; 部 c)


ser

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) to search on the Internet; to google


字典

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (字典):
* → Japanese: 字(じ)典(てん) (jiten)
* → Korean: 자전(字典) (jajeon)
* → Vietnamese: tự điển (字典)

desc

ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ

→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ (hergen kooli) (calque)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ tiɛn²¹³/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiɛn³¹/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ tiɛn²¹³/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiɛn³¹/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

First used in the name of the Kangxi Dictionary (康熙字典).

(computing) dictionary (an associative array; a data structure where each value is referenced by a particular key)

字典攻擊

字典攻击

(computing) dictionary (a set of text strings such as passwords)


code

揼code [Cantonese] ― dap⁶ kuk¹ [Jyutping] ― to write (computer) code


root

This mobile phone will not be guaranteed if it is rooted.

這部手機root後不保修。

这部手机root后不保修。

(computing slang) to root (an Android device) (to get root or privileged access)


ren

ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― ren pin³⁻² [Jyutping] ― to render a video

2023, 新聞女王 [The Queen of News], episode 1, spoken by 徐曉薇 (何依婷 [Regina Ho]):

Nelson, finish rendering the animation in half an hour.

Nelson, bun³ go³ zung¹ tau⁴ noi⁶ ren hou² go³ dung⁶ waa⁶⁻².

Nelson，半個鐘頭內ren好個動畫。

Nelson，半个钟头内ren好个动画。

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render


陰陽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (陰陽):
* → Japanese: 陰陽(いんよう) (in'yō)
* → Korean: 음양(陰陽) (eumyang)
* → Vietnamese: âm dương (陰陽)

→ English: yin-yang, ying-yang

→ French: yin-yang

→ Portuguese: yin-yang

→ Russian: инь-ян (inʹ-jan)

/in⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/im²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/im³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/im³³⁻²³ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

/in⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/im²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/im³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/im³³⁻²³ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

Yin later came to be associated with “female, dark, soft, passive, etc.”, and yang later came to be associated with “male, light, hard, active, etc.”.

(physics) cathode and anode (Short for 陰極. and Short for 陽極.)


WiFi

/waɪ̯⁵⁵ faɪ̯⁵¹/

/waːi̯⁵⁵ faːi̯⁵⁵/

/waɪ̯⁵⁵ faɪ̯⁵¹/

/waːi̯⁵⁵ faːi̯⁵⁵/


輸入

/syː⁵⁵ jɐp̚²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ zip̚⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zip̚¹²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lip̚⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ lip̚⁴/

/su³³⁻²³ d͡zip̚⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/syː⁵⁵ jɐp̚²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ zip̚⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zip̚¹²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lip̚⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ lip̚⁴/

/su³³⁻²³ d͡zip̚⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

輸入密碼

输入密码

輸入數據

输入数据

數據輸入

数据输入

We will send a password reset email to the email address you entered.

Wǒmen huì fāsòng yī fēng mìmǎ chónɡzhì yóujiàn dào nín shūrù de diànzǐ yóujiàn dìzhǐ.

我們會發送一封密碼重置郵件到您輸入的電子郵件地址。

我们会发送一封密码重置邮件到您输入的电子邮件地址。

(electronics, computing) to input; to enter; to key in


load

(computing) to load (a webpage or an application)


可卡因

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

可卡因中毒

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) cocaine


協議

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² ɡi²²/

/hiap̚²⁴⁻² ɡi⁴¹/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² ɡi³³/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² ɡi³³/

/hiap̚⁴⁻² ŋi⁵²/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² ɡi²²/

/hiap̚²⁴⁻² ɡi⁴¹/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² ɡi³³/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² ɡi³³/

/hiap̚⁴⁻² ŋi⁵²/


羰基

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰän⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰän⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/


server

/sœː⁵⁵ faː³⁵/

/sœː⁵⁵ faː³⁵/


字符

/t͡siː²² fuː²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ hu²⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ hu²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² hu²⁴/

/li²¹⁻²² hu²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² hu²⁴/

/t͡siː²² fuː²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ hu²⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ hu²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² hu²⁴/

/li²¹⁻²² hu²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² hu²⁴/


原子

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ŋien⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/ŋueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/n̠ʲyø²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ŋien⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/ŋueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/n̠ʲyø²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(countable, physics, chemistry) atom (Classifier: 個／个 m)


原子核

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵ hɐt̚²/

/jyːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵ wɐt̚²/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ hek̚²/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵ hɐt̚²/

/jyːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵ wɐt̚²/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ hek̚²/


C

C口


Excel

/ɪk̚⁵ sɛːu̯³⁵/

/ɪk̚⁵ sɛːu̯³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, software) Excel (Microsoft program)


M

/ˀaɪ̯³⁵ mu³/

/ˀaɪ̯³⁵ mu³/


U

central processing unit
central processing unit

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) CPU; central processing unit (Classifier: 粒 c)


V

(Hong Kong Cantonese, electricity) volt (unit of voltage)


阿司匹林

→ Zhuang: ahswhbizlinz

ㄚ ㄙ ㄆㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄚ ㄙ ㄆㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ pʰɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/a⁵⁵ sz̩³³ pʰiɪʔ³³ lin²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ pʰɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/a⁵⁵ sz̩³³ pʰiɪʔ³³ lin²¹/

Borrowed from English aspirin, via Shanghainese.

(chiefly Mainland China, organic chemistry, pharmacology) aspirin


upload

/ɐp̚⁵ lou̯⁵⁵/

/ɐp̚⁵ lou̯⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) to upload


磁石

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/hui²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hui¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hui²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/hui²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hui¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hui²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/


握手

Sino-Xenic (握手):
* → Japanese: 握手(あくしゅ) (akushu)
* → Korean: 악수(握手) (aksu)

/wɔ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɐk̚⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/aːk̚⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/vaʔ²⁻⁴⁵ səu⁵³/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/at̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/at̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/wɔ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɐk̚⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/aːk̚⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/vaʔ²⁻⁴⁵ səu⁵³/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/at̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/at̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/


異常

Sino-Xenic (異常):
* → Japanese: 異(い)常(じょう) (ijō)
* → Korean: 이상(異常) (isang)
* → Vietnamese: dị thường (異常)

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/i²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/jiː²² sœːŋ²¹/

/i³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²³/

/i²²⁻²¹ siaŋ¹³/

/i³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/i²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/jiː²² sœːŋ²¹/

/i³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²³/

/i²²⁻²¹ siaŋ¹³/

/i³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ⁵⁵/

抛出異常

抛出异常

捕獲異常

捕获异常

異常處理

异常处理


半角

/pän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ kɔːk̚³/

/pän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ kɔːk̚³/

(computing, typography, chiefly Mainland China) halfwidth


引用

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ jʊŋ⁵¹/

/jɐn¹³ jʊŋ²²/

/in³¹ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²²/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ⁴¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²²/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ jʊŋ⁵¹/

/jɐn¹³ jʊŋ²²/

/in³¹ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²²/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ⁴¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²²/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

引用類型

引用类型


parts

/pʰaːt̚⁵ siː³⁵/

/pʰaːt̚⁵ siː³⁵/

From English parts. Compare Japanese パーツ (pātsu).

(Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly engineering) part; component


字符集

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ fu³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ fu³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/


元素

/ɥɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/

/ᵑɡun²² ɬu³³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴¹/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔ¹¹/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/ŋueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ su²¹³/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ su²¹³/

/ɥɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/

/ᵑɡun²² ɬu³³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴¹/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔ¹¹/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/ŋueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ su²¹³/

/ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ su²¹³/

(computing) element (conceptual object in a markup language)


解析

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪk̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪk̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

(computing) to resolve (to find the IP address of a hostname)


量子

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/liɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/liɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/


粒子

/li⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/liap̚⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁵²/

/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/

/li⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/liap̚⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁵²/

/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/

/nɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/liap̚⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁵²/

/liap̚²⁴⁻² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡si⁵³/

/liap̚²⁴⁻² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡si⁵³/


β粒子

ㄅㄟˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˇ

/peɪ̯⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯⁵⁵ tʰaː²¹ lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯⁵⁵ tʰaː²¹ lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


速度

Sino-Xenic (速度):
* → Japanese: 速(そく)度(ど) (sokudo)
* → Korean: 속도(速度) (sokdo)
* → Vietnamese: tốc độ (速度)

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ tou̯²²/

/ɬɒʔ¹⁻⁴² tɔu²¹/

/ɬɒʔ²⁻²⁴ tɔu²¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ tou̯²²/

/ɬɒʔ¹⁻⁴² tɔu²¹/

/ɬɒʔ²⁻²⁴ tɔu²¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/


麵筋

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/


事件

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃²⁴/

/siː²² kiːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯en⁵⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯an⁵⁵/

/sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɔŋ²⁴²/

/su³³⁻¹¹ kiã³³/

/su³³⁻²¹ kiã³³/

/su²²⁻²¹ kiã²²/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiã²²/

/sɯ¹¹ kĩã³⁵/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃²⁴/

/siː²² kiːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯en⁵⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯an⁵⁵/

/sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɔŋ²⁴²/

/su³³⁻¹¹ kiã³³/

/su³³⁻²¹ kiã³³/

/su²²⁻²¹ kiã²²/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiã²²/

/sɯ¹¹ kĩã³⁵/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

(physics) event (point in spacetime) (Classifier: 個／个 m)

硬件事件

(computing) event (action which triggers an event handler) (Classifier: 個／个 m)


反粒子

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːn³⁵ nɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/faːn³⁵ lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːn³⁵ nɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/faːn³⁵ lɐp̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


理論

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

馬克思主義理論

马克思主义理论

(mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory


皮膚

Sino-Xenic (皮膚):
* → Japanese: 皮膚(ひふ) (hifu)
* → Korean: 피부(皮膚) (pibu)
* → Vietnamese: bì phu (皮膚)

/pʰei̯²¹ fuː⁵⁵/

/pʰui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u⁵⁵/

/pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu³³/

/pʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/

/pʰə²⁴⁻²² hu³³/

/pʰue²³⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰue¹³⁻²² hu⁴⁴/

/pʰue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/pʰei̯²¹ fuː⁵⁵/

/pʰui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u⁵⁵/

/pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu³³/

/pʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/

/pʰə²⁴⁻²² hu³³/

/pʰue²³⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰue¹³⁻²² hu⁴⁴/

/pʰue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/


小甜餅

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄧㄥˇ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰiːm²¹ pɛːŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰiːm²¹ pɛːŋ³⁵/

浏览器的判断错误可以使用户想要连接的网站之外的其他人获得用户的Cookie中的信息，有心人会在此基础之上破译用户的姓名、密码，然后在登录其它网站时冒用这些信息。还可以让一些心存不轨的网站阅读、改变或删除其它网站的小甜饼。 [MSC, simp.]
Liúlǎnqì de pànduàn cuòwù kěyǐ shǐ yònghù xiǎngyào liánjiē de wǎngzhàn zhīwài de qítārén huòdé yònghù de Cookie zhōng de xìnxī, yǒuxīnrén huì zài cǐ jīchǔ zhīshàng pòyì yònghù de xìngmíng, mìmǎ, ránhòu zài dēnglù qítā wǎngzhàn shí màoyòng zhèxiē xìnxī. Hái kěyǐ ràng yīxiē xīncúnbùguǐ de wǎngzhàn yuèdú, gǎibiàn huò shānchú qítā wǎngzhàn de xiǎotiánbǐng. [Pinyin]

2000, 倪娜, CCIDNet, https://web.archive.org/web/20050831183041/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel5/569/20000515/65001.html 瀏覽器的判斷錯誤可以使用戶想要連接的網站之外的其他人獲得用戶的Cookie中的信息，有心人會在此基礎之上破譯用戶的姓名、密碼，然後在登錄其它網站時冒用這些信息。還可以讓一些心存不軌的網站閱讀、改變或刪除其它網站的小甜餅。 [MSC, trad.]

Mistakes in judgement from the web browser could allow information in a user's cookies to be obtained by parties other than the website the user wants to connect to, and those who want to will use this to figure out a user's full name and passwords, and use this information without the victim's knowledge on another website. It is also possible for malicious websites to read, alter, or delete cookies from other websites.

(computing, very uncommon, possibly dated) HTTP cookie


宇宙線

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ t͡sɐu̯²² siːn³³/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ t͡sɐu̯²² siːn³³/


約束

/jœːk̚³ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔk̚⁵/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/

/iak̚³²⁻⁵ sɔk̚³²/

/jœːk̚³ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔk̚⁵/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/

/iak̚³²⁻⁵ sɔk̚³²/


光盤

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kuĩ⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/kuɑ̃⁵⁵ bø²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kuĩ⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/kuɑ̃⁵⁵ bø²¹/

(chiefly Mainland China, computing) optical disc (Classifier: 張／张 m)


光碟

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ tiːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯ap̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiap̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ tiap̚²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiap̚¹²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ tiːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯ap̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiap̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ tiap̚²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiap̚¹²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/

(computing, chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong) optical disc


文字處理機

ㄨㄣˊ ㄗˋ ㄔㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧ

вэньцзы чулицзи

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²² t͡sʰyː³⁵ lei̯¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²² t͡sʰyː³⁵ lei̯¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

(computing) word processor (software or a specialized stand-alone device)


電波

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tiːn²² pɔː⁵⁵/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ po⁴⁴/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² po³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tiːn²² pɔː⁵⁵/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ po⁴⁴/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² po³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 電(でん)波(ぱ) (denpa).

wasei kango

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave


計算

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/

/kɐi̯³³ syːn³³/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍⁴¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ sŋ̍²¹/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍¹¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍²¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ suĩ²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/

/kɐi̯³³ syːn³³/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍⁴¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ sŋ̍²¹/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍¹¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍²¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ suĩ²¹/

計算方法

计算方法

並行計算

并行计算

How is the thickness of snow calculated in weather forecasts?

Tiānqì yùbào lǐ xuě de hòudù shì zěnme jìsuàn de?

天氣預報裡雪的厚度是怎麼計算的？

天气预报里雪的厚度是怎么计算的？

(mathematics, computing) to calculate; to compute


訪問

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³⁵ mɐn²²/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²²/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²²/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muĩ²²/

/huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ¹¹/

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³⁵ mɐn²²/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²²/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²²/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muĩ²²/

/huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ¹¹/

訪問控制表

访问控制表

(Mainland China, computing) to visit; to access (website, network, database etc.)


萬維網

/wän⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² wɐi̯²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

/wän⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² wɐi̯²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

Phono-semantic matching of English World Wide Web, so that the resulting Mandarin pronunciation also has a similar phonological shape (w-w-w-).

psm

During the World Wide Web era after the Digital Revolution, we should work to create a new civilization that is more brilliant than the Song dynasty, when movable type printing was invented.

2003, 張信剛, 《從活字版到萬維網》, page 10

Wǒmen yìng zài Shùmǎ Gémìng zhīhòu de Wànwéiwǎng shídài nǔlì chuàngzào yī ge bǐ fāmíng huózì bǎn yìnshuā shí de Sòngcháo gèngjiā cuǐcàn de xīn wénmíng.

我們應在數碼革命之後的萬維網時代努力創造一個比發明活字版印刷時的宋朝更加璀璨的新文明。

2003, 張信剛, 《從活字版到萬維網》, page 10

我们应在数码革命之后的万维网时代努力创造一个比发明活字版印刷时的宋朝更加璀璨的新文明。


互聯網

→ Zhuang: hulenzvangj

ㄏㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˇ

/xu⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²² lyːn²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ maŋ³⁵/

/xu⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²² lyːn²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ maŋ³⁵/

互聯網企業

互联网企业

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, computing) Internet


關係

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ ɕi⁵¹/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ hɐi̯²²/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋiɛ²⁴²/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ ɕi⁵¹/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ hɐi̯²²/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋiɛ²⁴²/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/


歷史

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵/

/let̚³² ɬu⁵⁵/

/lit̚⁵ ˈsz̩²¹³/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻³³ sy³³/

/lɛʔ⁴⁻¹ ɬo⁴⁵³/

/lɛʔ²⁴⁻² ɬɵ³³²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³/

/lek̚³⁻³² su⁵³/

/liak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/liak̚²⁴⁻² si⁵⁵⁴/

/leʔ⁴⁻² sɯ⁵²/

/liɪʔ¹¹ sz̩²³/

/liɪʔ²² sz̩⁵¹/

/liɪʔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵/

/let̚³² ɬu⁵⁵/

/lit̚⁵ ˈsz̩²¹³/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻³³ sy³³/

/lɛʔ⁴⁻¹ ɬo⁴⁵³/

/lɛʔ²⁴⁻² ɬɵ³³²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³/

/lek̚³⁻³² su⁵³/

/liak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/liak̚²⁴⁻² si⁵⁵⁴/

/leʔ⁴⁻² sɯ⁵²/

/liɪʔ¹¹ sz̩²³/

/liɪʔ²² sz̩⁵¹/

/liɪʔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

瀏覽歷史

浏览历史

搜索歷史

搜索历史

(countable, computing) history (record of previous user events) (Classifier: 條／条 m)


編碼

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/


編碼

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pʰiɛn³³ be⁵⁵⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² bɛ⁵³/

(computing) encoding; character encoding


能量

/nɤŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/nɐŋ²¹ lœːŋ²²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ liɔŋ³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ³³/

/nŋ̍²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² liaŋ²²/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵/

/nɤŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/nɐŋ²¹ lœːŋ²²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ liɔŋ³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ³³/

/nŋ̍²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² liaŋ²²/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵/


自由落體運動

ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

цзыю лоти юньдун

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/


位址

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/


亂碼

/lu̯än⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯än⁵¹ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/luan⁴¹⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/

/luan²²⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

/lu̯än⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯än⁵¹ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/luan⁴¹⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/

/luan²²⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/


放射線

ㄈㄤˋ ㄕㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ sɛː²² siːn³³/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁴¹⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia³³⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia³³⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ sɛː²² siːn³³/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁴¹⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²²⁻²¹ suã²¹/

/hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia³³⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia³³⁻²¹ suã²¹/


輪子

/lu̯ən³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/nən²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/lyŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/lɵn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lən²² zz̩⁴⁴/

/lu̯ən³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/nən²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/lyŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/lɵn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lən²² zz̩⁴⁴/

重複造輪子 重複造輪子#Chinese

重复造轮子 重复造轮子#Chinese

(programming, slang) existing implementation (in reference to 重複造輪子 /重复造轮子 (“reinventing the wheel”))


周邊設備

ㄓㄡ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄕㄜˋ ㄅㄟˋ

чжоубянь шэбэй

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/


垃圾

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/lep̚³² ɬep̚⁵⁵/

/lap̚³²⁻⁵ sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁴ sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sap̚³²/

/la³³⁻²³ kʰip̚²/

/ləʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/lep̚³² ɬep̚⁵⁵/

/lap̚³²⁻⁵ sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁴ sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sap̚³²/

/la³³⁻²³ kʰip̚²/

/ləʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

From earlier 擸𢶍 (làsà, “to jumble; jumble; litter”). Reduplication derived from a root (*lap or *sap) meaning "untidy, unclean". The pronunciation "lèsè" is possibly influenced by Wu.
Second syllable of the Mainland Mandarin reading lājī is irregular, resulting from the incorrect association of the rare character in its obsolete form 靸 (sǎ) with the usual pronunciation of its phonetic component (及 (jí)).
Cognate with 邋遢 (lāta, “unclean, untidy, unkempt”) (> 邋邋遢遢, 邋裡邋遢／邋里邋遢).

擸𢶍
磖磼
𧞪䙣
𧙀䙣
儠㒎
𦆻颯
拉颯
垃靸
垃趿

垃圾郵箱

垃圾邮箱

I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn.

我昨天收到了三十多條垃圾短信。

我昨天收到了三十多条垃圾短信。

(computing, Internet, prefix) junk messages; spam; unsolicited messages


原始碼

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ maː¹³/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ maː¹³/


源碼

/ɥɛn³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛn³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


感染

/kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/

/kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/

(computing, of a virus) to infect (computers)


可以

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː³⁵ jiː¹³/

/hᵘɔ⁵⁵ ji²¹/

/kʰo³³⁻³⁵ i³³/

/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴¹/

/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁵³/

/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ ĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː³⁵ jiː¹³/

/hᵘɔ⁵⁵ ji²¹/

/kʰo³³⁻³⁵ i³³/

/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴¹/

/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁵³/

/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ ĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

可以起飛

可以起飞

(aviation, Mainland China) to clear; to give clearance


質量

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴ li̯ɑŋ⁴/

/t͡sɐt̚⁵ lœːŋ²²/

/t͡sɨt̚² li̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ liaŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ liã⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴ li̯ɑŋ⁴/

/t͡sɐt̚⁵ lœːŋ²²/

/t͡sɨt̚² li̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ liaŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ liã⁴⁴/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 質(しつ)量(りょう) (shitsuryō)


軌道

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ tou̯²²/

/kui²⁴⁻³³ tʰo³³/

/kʰui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/

/kʰui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/

/kʰui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/

/kʰui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/

/kʰui⁵²⁻³⁵ tau³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ tou̯²²/

/kui²⁴⁻³³ tʰo³³/

/kʰui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/

/kʰui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/

/kʰui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/

/kʰui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/

/kʰui⁵²⁻³⁵ tau³⁵/


訪客

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³⁵ haːk̚³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰeʔ⁵/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³⁵ haːk̚³/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰeʔ⁵/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰeʔ³²/


陽離子

/jɑŋ³⁵ li³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ lei̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² li¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/jɑŋ³⁵ li³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ lei̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² li²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² li¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

(chemistry, physics) cation; positive ion


異或

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/


撥接

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/


擷取

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːt̚³ t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/hiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰu⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːt̚³ t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/hiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰu⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰu⁴¹/


轉換器

ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄑㄧˋ

чжуаньхуаньци

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/


讀取

/tu³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊk̚² t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰu⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰu⁵²/

/tu³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊk̚² t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰu⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰu⁵²/


反射

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (反射):
* → Japanese: 反射(はんしゃ) (hansha)
* → Korean: 반사(反射) (bansa)
* → Vietnamese: phản xạ (反射)

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ sɛː²²/

/fan²⁴⁻³³ ʃa³³/

/hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sia¹¹/

/huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sia¹¹/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/faːn³⁵ sɛː²²/

/fan²⁴⁻³³ ʃa³³/

/hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sia¹¹/

/huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sia¹¹/

(physics) reflection (from a mirror, etc.)


過程

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/ko⁵⁵ t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɪŋ²³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰiɪŋ²³/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰĩã⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/ko⁵⁵ t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɪŋ²³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰiɪŋ²³/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰĩã⁵⁵/


氧氣

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ¹³ hei̯³³/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi¹¹/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ¹³ hei̯³³/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi¹¹/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/

/iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹/


請求

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ³¹ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰiu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin¹³ d͡ʑiəu³¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ³¹ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰiu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin¹³ d͡ʑiəu³¹/

(networking) request (message sent over a network to a server)


會話

Sino-Xenic (會話):
* → Japanese: 会(かい)話(わ) (kaiwa)
* → Korean: 회화(會話) (hoehwa)
* → Vietnamese: hội thoại (會話)

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²² waː²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔi³² va³²⁻³²⁵/

/hue²²⁻²¹ ue²²/

/hue³³⁻²¹ ue³³/

/hue³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/hue⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/hue²²⁻²¹ ua²²/

/hue³⁵⁻¹¹ ue¹¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²² waː²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔi³² va³²⁻³²⁵/

/hue²²⁻²¹ ue²²/

/hue³³⁻²¹ ue³³/

/hue³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/hue⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/hue²²⁻²¹ ua²²/

/hue³⁵⁻¹¹ ue¹¹/

(computing) session (the sequence of interactions between client and server, or between user and system)


爬蟲

/pʰä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/pʰä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃ɻ³⁵/

/pʰaː²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/pʰa¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/pʰa⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²⁴/

/pa¹³⁻²² tʰiɔŋ¹³/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰiɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²³⁻³³ tʰiɔŋ²³/

/pʰä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/pʰä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃ɻ³⁵/

/pʰaː²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/pʰa¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/pʰa⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²⁴/

/pa¹³⁻²² tʰiɔŋ¹³/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰiɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²³⁻³³ tʰiɔŋ²³/

網絡爬蟲

网络爬虫

爬蟲軟件

爬虫软件


許可

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɵy̯³⁵ hɔː³⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰo⁵³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰo⁵³/

/hi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɤ⁴¹/

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰo⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɵy̯³⁵ hɔː³⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰo⁵³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰo⁵³/

/hi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɤ⁴¹/

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰo⁵²⁻²¹/


王水

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/


運動

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/yn⁵¹ d̥ʊŋ¹/

/yŋ⁴⁴ tuŋ⁴⁴/

/wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

/vun³² ɵŋ³²/

/i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ʒun³³ tʰuŋ³³/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ²⁴²/

/un²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/

/un³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/uŋ¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

/ɦyn²² doŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦioŋ²² doŋ⁴⁴/

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/yn⁵¹ d̥ʊŋ¹/

/yŋ⁴⁴ tuŋ⁴⁴/

/wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

/vun³² ɵŋ³²/

/i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ʒun³³ tʰuŋ³³/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ²⁴²/

/un²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/

/un³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/uŋ¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

/ɦyn²² doŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦioŋ²² doŋ⁴⁴/

The modern meaning derives from a Japanese coinage in the nineteenth century, as wasei kango (和製漢語) (Heinrich, 2021).


石灰岩

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² fuːi̯⁵⁵ ŋaːm²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² fuːi̯⁵⁵ ŋaːm²¹/


斜長石

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/


正長石

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/


共鳴

/kʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² mɪŋ²¹/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/

/kaŋ¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² mɪŋ²¹/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/

/kaŋ¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/


指令

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ lɪŋ²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ³³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ lɪŋ²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ³³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ³³/


分子

/fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hun³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hun³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

極性分子

极性分子

一分子甲烷


胃液

/weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²² jɪk̚²/

/ui²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/

/ui³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/ui³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²² jɪk̚²/

/ui²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/

/ui³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/

/ui³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/


主題

Sino-Xenic (主題):
* → Japanese: 主題(しゅだい) (shudai)
* → Korean: 주제(主題) (juje)
* → Vietnamese: chủ đề (主題)

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue²⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ toi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue²⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ toi⁵⁵/

(computing) theme (collection of color schemes, sounds, artwork etc.)