九

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (九):
* → Japanese: 九(く) (ku); 九(きゅう) (kyū)
* → Korean: 구(九) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: cửu (九)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (“nine”)
Northern Tai:
Bouyei: guz
Zhuang: gouj
Saek: กู̂
Tai Do: cau
Central Tai:
Caolan: cáu
Nùng: càu
Tày: cẩu
Wenma-Southwestern Tai:
Sapa-Southwestern Tai:
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Thai: เก้า (gâao)
Northern Thai: ᨠᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ເກົ້າ (kao)
Lü: ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²)
Tai Dam: ꪹꪀ꫁ꪱ (cảu)
Shan: ၵဝ်ႈ (kāo)
Tai Laing: ကႍဝ်
Tai Nüa: ᥐᥝᥲ (kàw)
Ahom: 𑜀𑜧 (kaw)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手 (shǒu), 寸 (cùn). The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).

Han etyl

In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.

“The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song

Yī jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔ sì jiǔ bīng shàng zǒu.

一九二九不出手，三九四九冰上走。

(weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice


水晶

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (水晶):
* → Japanese: 水(すい)晶(しょう) (suishō)
* → Korean: 수정(水晶) (sujeong)
* → Vietnamese: thuỷ tinh (水晶)

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sĩ³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/

/sz̩³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sĩ³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/

/sz̩³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/


冰雹

/piŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ pɔːk̚²/

/pen²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰok̚⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ pʰøyʔ⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ pʰɑu²⁴²/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰauʔ⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰauʔ¹²¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰauʔ⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ pʰau⁴¹/

/pin³³ pʰɒu̯⁴⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ pɔːk̚²/

/pen²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰok̚⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ pʰøyʔ⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ pʰɑu²⁴²/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰauʔ⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰauʔ¹²¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰauʔ⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ pʰau⁴¹/

/pin³³ pʰɒu̯⁴⁵/

下冰雹


寒冷

Sino-Xenic (寒冷):
* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)
* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)

/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/

/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/

/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/

/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/

/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/

/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/

/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/

/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/

It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.

Shìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn.

室外非常寒冷，大家都把身體蜷縮起來保暖。

室外非常寒冷，大家都把身体蜷缩起来保暖。


龍捲風

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄢˇ ㄈㄥ

лунцзюаньфэн

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄢˇ ㄈㄥㄦ

лунцзюаньфэнр

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ kyːn³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/loŋ²² t͡ɕyø⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ kyːn³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/loŋ²² t͡ɕyø⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

(weather) tornado; cyclone; twister; hurricane


熱辣辣

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹/

/jiːt̚² laːt̚²⁻⁵ laːt̚²⁻⁵/

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹/

/jiːt̚² laːt̚²⁻⁵ laːt̚²⁻⁵/

(of temperature, weather, etc.) very hot; scorching; burning hot; sizzling hot


捲螺仔風

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ le²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁵⁵ le²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ le²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁻³⁵ lə²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁻³⁵ hɔŋ³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻²⁴ lə²⁴⁻¹² a⁵³⁻²⁴ huaŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ le²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁵⁵ le²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ le²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁻³⁵ lə²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁻³⁵ hɔŋ³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻²⁴ lə²⁴⁻¹² a⁵³⁻²⁴ huaŋ⁴⁴/


絞螺仔風

/ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien, weather) cyclone; whirlwind


鼓螺仔風

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/


鼠尾風

(Sanxia Hokkien, weather) cyclone; whirlwind


清朗

Sino-Xenic (清朗):
* → Japanese: 清朗(せいろう) (seirō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ³⁵/

(of the sky, weather, etc.) clear and bright; sunny and refreshing


追風

/ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/


雪珠

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(Guangzhou Cantonese, Huicheng dialect, weather) hail; hailstone


雲淡風輕

ㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄢˋ ㄈㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ

юньданьфэнцин

/yn³⁵ tän⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ tän⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/


淒寒

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ xän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ xän³⁵/


踅螺風

/sə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lə²⁴⁻²² huaŋ³³/

/sə(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lə²⁴⁻²² huaŋ⁴⁴/

/se(ʔ)²⁴⁻² le²⁴⁻²² huaŋ³³/

/sə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lə²⁴⁻²² huaŋ³³/

/sə(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lə²⁴⁻²² huaŋ⁴⁴/

/se(ʔ)²⁴⁻² le²⁴⁻²² huaŋ³³/

(Quanzhou and Jinjiang Hokkien, weather) cyclone; whirlwind


捲螺風

/kŋ̍³¹⁻²² lə²⁴⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍³¹⁻²² lə²⁴⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁴⁴/

(Tong'an Hokkien, weather) cyclone; whirlwind


風雹

/foŋ³³ boʔ²¹²/

/foŋ³³ boʔ²¹²/