嚕

終於做完嚕！

终于做完噜！

(Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate relief due to change of state.

As (I) kept on spending money, it was quick before it has all been used up!

di¹ cin⁴⁻² jung⁶ haa⁵ jung⁶ haa⁵, waa⁶ gam³ faai³ zau⁶ jung⁶ saai³ lu³.

啲錢用下用下，話咁快就用嗮嚕。

啲钱用下用下，话咁快就用嗮噜。

(Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate disappointment due to change of state.


閣

阁
阁
擱
佫
故
復
過
更
果
固
各
卻
革
阁
𡁤
咯

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Philippine Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests


der

超容易der！

(Internet slang, cute-sounding) Alternative pronunciation of the particle 的.


(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) A negation particle


ed

覆ed [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― fuk¹ dat⁴ [Jyutping] ― replied

fol ed [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― fo¹ dat⁴ [Jyutping] ― followed

J ed [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― zei¹ dat⁴ [Jyutping] ― jerked off; wanked off

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) Used to denote an action which has been completed.


の

Pseudo-Japonism, Orthographic borrowing from Japanese possessive marker の (no).

朱力亞の手作包, →ISBN

打造個人化の網站 XOOPS 2.3.x 完全實戰手冊, →ISBN

梅問題の超質感商品攝影手法大公開, →ISBN


の

決戰時空の塔


王×

Used to refer to something not specified. Usually read as 某 (mǒu).

傻×

Used to replace offensive characters. Usually read as 叉 (chā).


不能

/pu⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ nɐŋ²¹/

/puk̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ nɐŋ²¹/

/puk̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵/

The slang usage is a mimicry of Japanese syntax.

我實在理解不能。

我实在理解不能。

(neologism, slang) A verbal complement expressing incapability.


來著

/laɪ̯³⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə³/

/laɪ̯³⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə³/

你住在哪兒來著？

你住在哪儿来着？

(colloquial) Used after a verb when asking someone to repeat information.

She moved house only last week, how can she be travelling now?

Tā shàng ge xīngqī hái bānjiā láizhe, zěnme huì zài lǚyóu ne?

她上個星期還搬家來著，怎麼會在旅遊呢？

她上个星期还搬家来着，怎么会在旅游呢？

Wǒ wàngjì zěnme pīnxiě nǐ de míngzì láizhe.

我忘記怎麼拼寫你的名字來著。

我忘记怎么拼写你的名字来着。

What did I tell you? (i.e. I told you so!)

我說什麼來著？

我说什么来着？

(colloquial) Used after a verb to indicate a past action or state.


lor

(Cantonese) alternative form of 囉 /啰 (particle)


wor

(Cantonese) alternative form of 喎 /㖞 (particle)


一樣

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ jœːŋ²²/

/it̚² i̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ iũ³³/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ iũ⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ iũ²²/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ iaŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² iũ⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² iũ³³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² iũ²²/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iɔ̃²²/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ĩõ¹¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ĩẽ¹¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/iɪʔ⁵⁵ ɦiã⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ jœːŋ²²/

/it̚² i̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ iũ³³/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ iũ⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ iũ²²/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ iaŋ²²/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² iũ⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² iũ³³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² iũ²²/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iɔ̃²²/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ĩõ¹¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ĩẽ¹¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/iɪʔ⁵⁵ ɦiã⁵¹/


不可

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (不可):
* → Japanese: 不可(ふか) (fuka)
* → Korean: 불가(不可) (bulga)
* → Vietnamese: bất khả (不可)

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ hɔː³⁵/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ kʰo⁵³/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/puk̚²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵²⁻²¹/

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ hɔː³⁵/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ kʰo⁵³/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/puk̚²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵²⁻²¹/

1999, 瓊瑤, 還珠格格第二部, episode 8, 张铁林 (actor):

Zhèi ge huánggōng zènme kěpà ma? Jiù yīdìng yào chū qu bùkě ma?

這個皇宮這麼可怕嗎？就一定要出去不可嗎？

这个皇宫这么可怕吗？就一定要出去不可吗？

2022 March 22, 蒋肖斌, “冯骥才：我喜欢做的事情里有一点悲壮感”, in 中国青年报, archived from the original on 2022-04-11:

Zuò mínjiān wénhuà yíchǎn qiǎngjiù de shíhòu, wǒ jīngcháng huì yǒu wénxué de chōngdòng hé xiǎngxiàng. […] Dàn nà shíhòu wǒ bù kěnéng xiě, méi shíjiān. Yǒu shíhòu kàn dào tóngbèi zuòjiā huòzhě niánqīng rén chū xīn shū, wǒ yǒu yī diǎn kǔsè, jué de méi fǎ zuò zìjǐ rè'ài de dōngxi. Dàn yě zhǐ yǒu “yī diǎn”, yīnwèi wǒ zhīdào wǒ zuò de shìqing tài zhòngyào le, bì zuò bùkě.

做民间文化遗产抢救的时候，我经常会有文学的冲动和想象。[…] 但那时候我不可能写，没时间。有时候看到同辈作家或者年轻人出新书，我有一点苦涩，觉得没法做自己热爱的东西。但也只有“一点”，因为我知道我做的事情太重要了，必做不可。

做民間文化遺產搶救的時候，我經常會有文學的衝動和想象。[…] 但那時候我不可能寫，沒時間。有時候看到同輩作家或者年輕人出新書，我有一點苦澀，覺得沒法做自己熱愛的東西。但也只有“一點”，因為我知道我做的事情太重要了，必做不可。

2023 June 25, 辛音, ““敬礼娃娃”的志向不该被曲解”, in 北京日报 (website), 新浪新闻 republished edition, archived from the original on 2023-06-25:

Jiù yīnwèi Láng Zhēng bèi jūnrén jiù le, tā jiù bìxū dāng jūnrén bùkě ma?

就因为郎铮被军人救了，他就必须当军人不可吗？

就因為郎錚被軍人救了，他就必須當軍人不可嗎？

A particle, used when being with a verb meaning "must", to intensify the tone.

害人之心不可有，防人之心不可無 / 害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无

hàirén zhī xīn bùkě yǒu, fángrén zhī xīn bùkě wú


定定

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/tiã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/tiã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

(Hakka, at the end of a phrase) that's all; nothing more


出去

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ t͡ɕʰie²/

/t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² hi¹¹/

/t͡sʰuəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ kʰəʔ²/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ kʰɯ²¹³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ kʰu²¹³/

/t͡sʰəʔ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ hɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ t͡ɕʰie²/

/t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² hi¹¹/

/t͡sʰuəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ kʰəʔ²/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ kʰɯ²¹³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ kʰu²¹³/

/t͡sʰəʔ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

丟出去

丢出去

開出去

开出去

to be unable to get married (to anyone); to be left on the shelf

嫁不出去

Used to modify a verb to indicate an outward direction; always appended to the end of a verb.


分之

/fən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩²/

/fɐn²² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/vən²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/fən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩²/

/fɐn²² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/vən²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

三分之一

三分之二

四分之一

百分之八十

A way to express fractions and percentages.


不到

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/b̥u tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ tou̯³³⁻³⁵/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/b̥u tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ tou̯³³⁻³⁵/

我看不到你。

晚來買不到

晚来买不到


不成

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


Indicates the starting point of a range; from.


而已

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ jiː¹³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵⁵⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵³/

/zi²³⁻³³ i⁴¹/

/d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ i⁵³/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² i⁵³/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ jiː¹³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵⁵⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵³/

/zi²³⁻³³ i⁴¹/

/d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ i⁵³/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² i⁵³/

混混日子而已

如此而已，豈有他哉！

如此而已，岂有他哉！

僅此而已。

仅此而已。

(at the end of a phrase) that's all; nothing more; is all


的話

/d̥ə xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/

/d̥ə xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/

If no one offers assistance this kid will become permanently blind.

Rúguǒ méiyǒu rén juānzhù dehuà, zhè ge xiǎohái jiù huì yǒngyuǎn shīmíng.

如果沒有人捐助的話，這個小孩就會永遠失明。

如果没有人捐助的话，这个小孩就会永远失明。

要是考試不及格的話，怎麼辦？

要是考试不及格的话，怎么办？

If you go out today remember to lock the front door.

Nǐ jīntiān chūqù dehuà, jìde suǒshàng qiánmén.

你今天出去的話，記得鎖上前門。

你今天出去的话，记得锁上前门。

optional particle put at the end of a conditional clause


也罷

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/jaː¹³ paː²²/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/jaː¹³ paː²²/

(expressing concession) all right; might as well


是也

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² jaː¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² jaː¹³/

(Classical, sentence-final declarative particle) it is, that is, that is the case

(Classical, interjective particle) right! it is!


兮兮

/hɐi̯²¹ hɐi̯²¹/

/hɐi̯²¹ hɐi̯²¹/

An emphatic particle placed after negative adjectives, often to denote a sense of contempt.


𠲎

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 伐 (Shanghainese: vaq).
Contraction of 勿啊, literally "or not".

Han compound

搿搶儂身體好𠲎？

搿抢侬身体好𠲎？

(chiefly Wu) final interrogative particle on a yes/no question.


似的

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/t͡sʰiː¹³ tɪk̚⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/t͡sʰiː¹³ tɪk̚⁵/

不要哭得像個孩子似的。

不要哭得像个孩子似的。

他真跟變了個人似的。

他真跟变了个人似的。

I am so indescribably livid with him - he isn't even listening to what I am saying. [literally: I am angered by him like whatever - he isn't at all listening to my speaking]

Wǒ bèi tā qì de shénme shìde, tā gēnběn jiù méiyǒu zài tīng wǒ shuōhuà.

我被他氣得什麼似的，他根本就沒有在聽我說話。

我被他气得什么似的，他根本就没有在听我说话。


罷了

/pä⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː²² liːu̯¹³/

/pä⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː²² liːu̯¹³/

/pä⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː²² liːu̯¹³/

(at the end of a phrase) that's all; only; (there's) nothing more (to it)


與否

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ fɐu̯³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ fɐu̯³⁵/


也好

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ia³³⁻²¹ hɤ⁴¹/

/ia³³⁻¹¹ ho⁵³/

/ia²²⁻²¹ ho⁵³/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ia³³⁻²¹ hɤ⁴¹/

/ia³³⁻¹¹ ho⁵³/

/ia²²⁻²¹ ho⁵³/

may as well; it may not be a bad idea (expressing hesitant acceptance)

no matter whether; whether it be (in the sentence structure X也好，Y也好)


思密達

From the Korean formal (하십시오체) indicative sentence-final ending —습니다 (-seumnida), attached to consonant-ending verb stems. Often used to ridicule the Korean creation theory. Compare Japanese ニダ (nida).

/sz̩⁵⁵ mi⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ mi⁵¹ tä³⁵/

A joke that is very popular nowadays is that, whenever outstanding people or notable achievements in any part of the world become widely known, the Koreans will eventually stand up and claim: "This in fact came from Korea, seumnida!"

Xiànzài liúxíng yī ge xiàohuà, wúlùn shìjiè gèdì chūxiàn rènhé jiéchū rénwù huò mǒu lǐngyù chéngjiù, zuìzhōng Hánguó rén zǒng huì tiào chūlái shuō: zhè qíshí dōu shì Hánguó de sīmìdá!

現在流行一個笑話，無論世界各地出現任何傑出人物或某領域成就，最終韓國人總會跳出來說：這其實都是韓國的思密達！

现在流行一个笑话，无论世界各地出现任何杰出人物或某领域成就，最终韩国人总会跳出来说：这其实都是韩国的思密达！

(ethnic slur, neologism, slang, humorous) A meaningless sentence-final particle used in declarative sentences that gives the sentence a Korean-language flavour.


㗎喇

/kaː³³ laː³³/

/kaː³³ laː³³/

(Cantonese) final particle used for giving a reminder


不起

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

買不起

买不起

玩不起

Dentists are so expensive that I can't afford to go to visit.

牙醫貴到我都看不起了。

牙医贵到我都看不起了。

cannot afford to face [the other party] [due to shame] → sorry

對不起

对不起

看不起

(used after verbs) do not wish to ... (in contempt)


唔起

/m̩²¹ hei̯³⁵/

/m̩²¹ hei̯³⁵/

呢個醫生我睇唔起。

呢个医生我睇唔起。

呢層樓我買唔起。

呢层楼我买唔起。

(used after verbs, Cantonese) cannot afford to


唔住

/m̩²¹ t͡syː²²/

/m³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su³⁵/

/m̩²¹ t͡syː²²/

/m³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su³⁵/

我頂唔住喇

我顶唔住喇

我對你唔住

我对你唔住

unable to remember even one's own birthday

lin⁴ zi⁶ gei² ge³ saang¹ jat⁶ dou¹ gei³ m⁴ zyu⁶

連自己嘅生日都記唔住

连自己嘅生日都记唔住

(not productive, Cantonese, Teochew) cannot


使乜

/sɐi̯³⁵ mɐt̚⁵/

/sᵘɔi⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ mɐt̚⁵/

/sᵘɔi⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/

(Can we date this quote?), “佛跳牆 [fótiàoqiáng]”, in 財神到, performed by 許冠傑 [Samuel Hui]:

使乜咁緊張？

使乜咁紧张？

(Cantonese) for what reason; what need is there (→ there is no need)


何止

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ho²⁴ t͡sz̩²¹³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ho²⁴ t͡sz̩²¹³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

(used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


果果

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

See 紅果果, 赤果果.


From 辣 (là), homophonic play on 啦 (la) in Mandarin.

Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state with a strong emotion.

Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action with a strong emotion.


才怪

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ kʷaːi̯³³/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ kʷaːi̯³³/

You are such a naughty kid. It'd be surprising if your mum were not worried.

你這麼淘氣，媽媽不擔心才怪！

你这么淘气，妈妈不担心才怪！

it'd be a wonder if ... (following a verb phrase that is usually negative)


先怪

/siːn⁵⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/

/siːn⁵⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/

(Cantonese) it'd be a wonder if ... (following a verb phrase that is usually negative)


伍的

I won’t go this way. It's closer to go through here, but the floor here is slippery. It would not be worth it at all to slip and fall or something like that.

Wǒ kě bù zǒu zhàrhar. Zènme zǒu shì jìn, kěshì tā dì huá. Zài shuāi yī jiāo wǔde, tài bù zhídàng le.

我可不走這兒哈兒。這麼走是近，可是它地滑。再摔一跤伍的，太不值當了。

我可不走这儿哈儿。这么走是近，可是它地滑。再摔一跤伍的，太不值当了。


云爾

/yn³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/yn³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


妃呼豨

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ xu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ xu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(obsolete) a meaningless particle used in songs


爾爾

/niã²²⁻²¹ niã²²/

/niã³³⁻¹¹ niã³³/

/niã³³⁻²¹ niã³³/

/nã²²⁻²¹ niã²²/

/na²²⁻²¹ nia²²/

/nã²²⁻²¹ nã²²/

/niã²²⁻²¹ niã²²/

/niã³³⁻¹¹ niã³³/

/niã³³⁻²¹ niã³³/

/nã²²⁻²¹ niã²²/

/na²²⁻²¹ nia²²/

/nã²²⁻²¹ nã²²/

尔尔
尔尔
耳耳
定定
領領

(Hokkien, at the end of a phrase) just; simply; that's all; nothing more; is all


唔到

/m̩²¹ tou̯³³⁻³⁵/

/m̩²¹ tou̯³³⁻³⁵/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


來的

/laɪ̯³⁵ d̥ə³/

/laɪ̯³⁵ d̥ə³/

這是什麼來的？

这是什么来的？

(regional, chiefly Cantonese-influenced Mandarin, colloquial) synonym of 來著 /来着 (láizhe)


使咩

/sɐi̯³⁵ mɛː⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ mɛː⁵⁵/

使咩答佢啫？


使鬼

/sɐi̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

使鬼同佢講？

使鬼同佢讲？

(Cantonese) why the hell; what damn need is there (→ there is no damn need)


使撚

/sɐi̯³⁵ lɐn³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ lɐn³⁵/

使撚同佢講？

使撚同佢讲？

(Cantonese, vulgar) why the fuck; what fucking need is there (→ there is no fucking need)


嘅話

/kɛː³³ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/kɛː³³ waː²²/

/kɛː³³ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/kɛː³³ waː²²/

If you go out today, remember to lock the door.

nei⁵ gam¹ jat⁶ ceot¹ heoi³ ge³ waa⁶⁻², gei³ dak¹ so² mun⁴ wo³.

你今日出去嘅話，記得鎖門喎。

你今日出去嘅话，记得锁门㖞。

1990, 蔣志光 [Ram Chiang], “相逢何必曾相識”performed by 蔣志光 [Ram Chiang] and 韋綺珊 [Rita Carpio]:

jaa⁵ heoi² jat¹ tin¹ ho² ji⁵ ge³ waa⁶, zeon² heoi² ngo⁵ do¹ oi³ jat¹ ci³

也許一天可以嘅話 准許我多愛一次

也许一天可以嘅话 准许我多爱一次

(Cantonese) Particle put at the end of a conditional clause.


咋嘛

/t͡saː³³ maː³³/

/t͡saː³³ maː³³/

落雨咋嘛！

(Cantonese) Sentence-final particle for dismissiveness.


點止

點只汽水咁簡單

点只汽水咁简单

(Cantonese) (used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


生嗮

/saːŋ⁵⁵ saːi̯³³/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ saːi̯³³/

你哋咪嘈生嗮啦！

Rumours of the legislator's scandal were spread all over.

go³ ji⁵ jyun⁴ ge³ cau² si⁶ bei² jan⁴ coeng³ saang¹ saai³.

個議員嘅醜事畀人唱生嗮。

个议员嘅丑事畀人唱生嗮。

(Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate annoying persistence of the action (usually related to speech).


吖嘛

2005, 政府新聞處 [Information Services Department], 生命滿希望 前路由我創 [The future is yours to make, where there's life there's hope]:

I don't know, but "tomorrow lies hope", isn't it?

m⁴ zi¹ gaa³, “hei¹ mong⁶ zoi⁶ ming⁴ tin¹” a¹ maa³!

唔知㗎，「希望在明天」吖嘛！

(Cantonese) Used to suggest something obvious.

You are having meal A today as well, right?

今日都係A餐吖嘛？

今日都系A餐吖嘛？

(Cantonese) Used to confirm something that may be obvious in a question.


吖嘛

唔係吖嘛？

唔系吖嘛？

(Cantonese) Used to raise questions with disbelief.


脫了

/tʰəʔ³³ ləʔ⁴⁴/

/tʰəʔ³³ ləʔ⁴⁴/

腦子壞脫了

脑子坏脱了

太陽撥雲遮脫了。

太阳拨云遮脱了。

Used to indicate the occurrence of an action that results in a loss, vanishment or a negative outcome.

Used to indicate that the consumption or disposition of a certain number of objects has been completed.

Used to indicate that the completion of a due task has been achieved.


垃哉

2010, Qian Nairong, “從〈滬語便商〉所見的老上海話時態 [Tenses and Aspects? Old Shanghainese as Found in the Book Huyu Bian Shang]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

電燈亮拉哉。

电灯亮拉哉。

(Suburban Shanghainese Wu, dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the present perfective.

Suburban Shanghainese Wu; dated Shanghainese; Suburban Shanghainese Wu; dated Shanghainese

伊爿天拉落哉。

儂拉瞎來來哉。

侬拉瞎来来哉。

(Suburban Shanghainese Wu, dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the present progressive.


拉末

(dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the perfective aspect in a question.


拉蠻

Pronounced /lɑ.mɛ̃/. Became obsolete after the /ɛ̃/ rime disappeared. (Edkins, 1868)

(obsolete Shanghainese) Used to indicate the perfective aspect in a question.


拉個

(dated Shanghainese) Used to indiacte the past perfective.

We used to sit on ricksaws like this, we used to be used to sitting like this, and there are already rules there.

我伲一到拉坐個，坐慣拉個，有板數勒拉個。

我伲一到拉坐个，坐惯拉个，有板数勒拉个。

(dated Shanghainese) Used to indiacte the past progressive.


快哉

(dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the near future tense.


要哉

(dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the future tense.


歇過

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/çiɪʔ⁴⁴ ku³⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu³³/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/çiɪʔ⁴⁴ ku³⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu³³/

1983, 小小得月樓 [The Little Moonshadow Tower]:

"Big News"? They didn't teach this sentence in the textbook at all!

big news？俚句閒話課本浪㬟教歇過！

big news？俚句闲话课本浪㬟教歇过！

Have [you] ever been here before? No, [I] have never been here

先起頭來歇過否？勿曾來歇過

先起头来歇过否？勿曾来歇过

(Northern Wu) Experimentative marker; used to mark that the agent has experienced or done the action prior.


向左走向右走

/hœːŋ³³ t͡sɔː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵ hœːŋ³³ jɐu̯²² t͡sɐu̯³⁵/

From the word censor implemented in Hong Kong Golden Forum.

(Hong Kong Cantonese, originally Internet slang, euphemistic, neologism) alternative form of 撚 (lan2, “fucking”)


㗎呢

/kɐ³³ nɛː⁵⁵/

/kɐ³³ nɛː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Japanese が and Japanese ね, used in Japanese as particles for emphasis towards a topic.

This plate of sushi is really delicious!

ni¹ dip⁶ sau⁶ si¹ zan¹ hai⁶ hou² hou² sik⁶ ga³ ne¹!

呢碟壽司真係好好食㗎呢！

呢碟寿司真系好好食㗎呢！

(Hong Kong Cantonese, ethnic slur) Sentence-final particle used to mimic Japanese person speaking Cantonese.


都未定

/tou̯⁵⁵ mei̯²² tɪŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ mei̯²² tɪŋ²²⁻³⁵/

佢死咗都未定

(Cantonese) Used to express possibility of an event.


甲若

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

(Xiamen Hokkien, used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


遮若

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien, used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


個閒話

/ɦəʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

/əʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

/ɦəʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

/əʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park.

⁶min-zau ⁸loq ⁶yu ⁰gheq ⁶ghe-gho ⁶ngu 勿-chi ¹kon-yoe

明朝落雨個閒話我勿去公園。

明朝落雨个闲话我勿去公园。

optional particle put at the end of a conditional clause

2020, ニューエクスプレスプラス 上海語, page 120:

⁶li-ba ⁸gniq ⁰gheq ⁶ghe-gho ⁶ngu ⁶zaon-boe-gniq ⁶yeu ⁵kon

禮拜日個閒話，我上半日有空

2020, ニューエクスプレスプラス 上海語, page 120:

礼拜日个闲话，我上半日有空


但定

/nã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/nã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/nã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/nã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/nã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/nã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

If I were them, I wouldn't know anything but just appreciation and happiness.

Nā-sī góa, góa m̄ chai, chí-ū chai “kám-kek” kap “hoaⁿ-hí” nā-tiāⁿ.

若是我，我m̄知，只有知「感激」kap「歡喜」nā-tiāⁿ。

若是我，我m̄知，只有知「感激」kap「欢喜」nā-tiāⁿ。

(Taiwanese Hokkien, dated in Xiamen Hokkien, at the end of a phrase) just; simply; that's all; nothing more; is all


日媽

/zz̩²¹³ ma⁵⁵/

/zz̩²¹³ ma⁵⁵/

(Sichuanese, vulgar) particle inserted into the sentence to express one's anger, displeasure, suprise etc, similar to one usage of fucking


吖嗱

/aː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/aː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

去我屋企坐下吖嗱！

nei⁵ gau³ daam² zau⁶ gwo³ lai⁴ aa¹ naa⁴!

你夠膽就過嚟吖嗱！

你够胆就过嚟吖嗱！

(Cantonese) Used to make suggestions or warnings


罷啦

/paː²²⁻³⁵ laː⁵⁵/

/paː²²⁻³⁵ laː⁵⁵/

算罷啦！

算罢啦！

(Cantonese) Sentence final particle used to indirectly make suggestions.


𠺢嘛

/kaː⁵⁵ maː³³/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː³³/

c. 1963, “釣魚郎”, 唐滌生 [Tang Ti-sheng] (lyrics), performed by 梁醒波 [Leung Sing Poh]:

The whitefish will play tricks on you, right? You've just got to keep to yourself and it'll be fine.

baak⁶ laap⁶ zai² wui⁵ waan⁴⁻² nei⁵ gaa¹ maa³, nei⁵ jiu³ on¹ fan⁶ sau² gei² dak¹ gaa².

白鱲仔會玩你𠺢嘛，你要安分守己得㗎。

白𫚭仔会玩你𠺢嘛，你要安分守己得㗎。

(Cantonese) Final particle used to mark that the listener should agree with or should be made aware of the statement


之嘛

/t͡siː⁵⁵ maː³³/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ maː³³/

Of course he can't drive, he's only fourteen.

keoi⁵ dong¹ jin⁴ m⁴ sik¹ zaa¹ ce¹; keoi⁵ hai⁶ sap⁶ sei³ seoi³ zi¹ maa³.

佢當然唔識揸車；佢係十四歲之嘛。

佢当然唔识揸车；佢系十四岁之嘛。

(Cantonese) Final particle used to indicate unimportance or triviality.