大樹

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

(～區) Dashu (a district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Dashu (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


隆昌

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Longchang (a county-level city under the city of Neijiang, Sichuan, China)


信義

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ jiː²²/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ jiː²²/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

(～區) Xinyi (a district of Taipei, Taiwan)

(～區) Xinyi (a district of Keelung, Taiwan)

(～鄉) Sinyi, Xinyi (a mountain indigenous township in Nantou County, Taiwan)

(～鄉) (historical) Xinyi (a township in Linwei district, Weinan, Shaanxi, China, now part of Longbei Town)


太一

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

(Taoism) The very beginning and reason of everything.


和政

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

(～縣) Hezheng (a county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)


工藤

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 工(く)藤(どう) (Kudō)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 工藤, Kudō


孝義

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/


雅法

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


安藤

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 安藤(あんどう) (Andō).

ja-r

安藤(あんどう) (Andō)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 安藤, Andō


山名

/ʂän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 山名, Yamana


新一

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

(～村) Xinyi (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


宮城

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


千葉

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 千(ち)葉(ば) (Chiba).

(～市) Chiba (the capital city of Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


三浦

/sän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 三浦, Miura

(～市) Miura (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


英美

/iŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ mei̯¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ mei̯¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴¹/

the United Kingdom and the United States; Britain and America


利通

→ English: Litong

/li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Litong (a district of Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


尚志

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡siː³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡siː³³/

The city was named after Chinese military commander 趙尚志 (Zhao Shangzhi).

named-after

(～市) Shangzhi (a county-level city of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


孔明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (孔明):
* → Japanese: 孔明(こうめい) (Kōmei)
* → Korean: 공명(孔明) (Gongmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Khổng Minh (孔明)

Thai: ขงเบ้ง (kǒng-bêng)

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/

/hʊŋ³⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻¹³ min³⁵/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/

/hʊŋ³⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻¹³ min³⁵/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ meŋ⁵⁵/


高明

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Gaoming (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China)

(～縣) (historical) Gaoming County, a former county of Guangdong administered as part of Zhaoqing Commandery (肇慶府)


南雄

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hʊŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hʊŋ²¹/

(～市) Nanxiong (a county-level city of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


大河

(～鎮) Dahe (a town in Laifeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Dahe (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


崇明

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

(～島) Chongming Island (an island of the Yangtze in Chongming district, Shanghai, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～州, ～鎮) Chongming (a district of Shanghai, China; a former county, prefecture and town)


千曲

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 千曲 (Chikuma).

obor

(～市) Chikuma (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


昌都

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཆབ་མདོ (chab mdo).

(～市, formerly ～地區) Chamdo, Qamdo (a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, formerly a prefecture)

(historical) (～縣) Chamdo, Qamdo (a former county of Chamdo prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; now Karuo district of the prefecture-level city of Chamdo)


政和

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔː²¹/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔː²¹/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

(～縣) Zhenghe (a county of Nanping, Fujian, China)


大成

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/


陽光

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～社區) Yangguang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


竹田

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 竹田 (Taketa).

(～市) Taketa (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


竹田

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰan²³/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰan²³/

(～鄉) Zhutian, Jhutian (a rural township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


高島

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高島 (Takashima).

(～市) Takashima (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


昌平

→ English: Changping

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Changping (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


田村

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 田村 (Tamura).

(～市) Tamura (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


弘光

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Southern Ming dynasty
w:Southern Ming dynasty

(～帝) the Hongguang Emperor, commonly known as Zhu Yousong (the first emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty)

the Hongguang era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, in 1645)


鶴岡

/xɤ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Tsuruoka (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


青木

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 青木, Aoki


秋山

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 秋山, Akiyama


飯田

/fän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 飯田 (Iida).

(～市) Iida (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


池田

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 池田, Ikeda

(～市) Ikeda (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


石川

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石川(いしかわ) (Ishikawa).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 石川, Ishikawa


石田

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² tʰiːn²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 石田, Ishida


市川

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/siː¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/siː¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 市川 (Ichikawa).

(～市) Ichikawa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


上田

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

In reference to the Japanese place, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上田 (Ueda).

(～郷) Shangtian (a former township in Shanxi, China), now Yanmenguan (雁門關)

(～市) Ueda (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


上野

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² jɛː¹³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² jɛː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上野.


江口

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

(～縣) Jiangkou (a county of Tongren prefecture, Guizhou, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yingshang, Fuyang, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ganxian district, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hengnan, Hengyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Dongkou, Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Wulong district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yunyang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Jiange, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Liuba, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ningshan, Ankang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Pengshan district, Meishan, Sichuan, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Fengkai, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Fenghua district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Huangyan district, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Guichi district, Chizhou, Anhui, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Beihu district, Chenzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Tongdao Dong, Huaihua, Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Luzhai, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Li, Longnan, Gansu, China)


遠藤

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyːn¹³ tʰɐŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyːn¹³ tʰɐŋ²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 遠藤, Endō


大川

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Ōkawa (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)

(～鎮) Dachuan (a town in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


太田

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰiːn²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 太田, Ōta

(～市) Ōta (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


大田

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːn²¹/

/tai¹¹ t͡sʰɛŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɛn²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːn²¹/

/tai¹¹ t͡sʰɛŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɛn²³/

(～縣) Datian (a county of Sanming, Fujian, China)

(～廣域市, ～市) Daejeon (a city in South Korea)

(～區) Ōda (a special ward of Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


大津

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大津(おおつ) (Ōtsu).

(～市) Ōtsu (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


大西

a short-lived rebellious regime in South China (1643-47)


大野

/tä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大野 (Ōno).

(～市) Ōno (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


大橋

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

alternative form of 大喬 /大乔 (“Daqiao, the elder of the beautiful Qiao sisters in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms”)

大喬 /大乔

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Gutian, Ningde, Fujian, China)

(～村) Daqiao (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


大村

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Dacun (an urban township in Changhua County, Taiwan)

(～市) Ōmura (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


岡崎

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岡崎(おかざき) (Okazaki).

(～市) Okazaki (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 岡崎, Okazaki


岡田

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 岡田, Okada


大城

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya#English

(～府) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (a province of Thailand)

Ayutthaya (a city in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Thailand)

(～區域) Taesŏng (a district of Pyongyang, North Korea)

(～鄉) Dacheng (a rural township in Changhua County, Taiwan)


大城

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

(～縣) Daicheng (a county of Langfang, Hebei, China)


小野

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

The sense of a Japanese city is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小野 (Ono).

Hsiao Yeh, pen name for Li Yuan, a Taiwanese author and playwright

(～市) Ono (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


甲斐

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 甲斐(かい) (Kai).

(～市) Kai (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 甲斐, Kai


香川

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/


金田

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Jintian (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～社區) Jintian (a residential community in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～村) Jintian (a village in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


北川

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

羌族自治縣 羌族自治縣#Chinese

(～羌族自治縣, ～縣) Beichuan (a Qiang autonomous county in Mianyang, Sichuan, China)


北野

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


木下

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² haː²²/

/mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² haː²²/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 木下, Kinoshita


古賀

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 古賀 (Koga).

(～市) Koga (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


後藤

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐu̯²² tʰɐŋ²¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐu̯²² tʰɐŋ²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 後藤, Gotō


近藤

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐn²² tʰɐŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐn²² tʰɐŋ²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 近藤, Kondō


佐伯

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐伯 (Saiki).

(～市) Saiki (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


酒井

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 酒井, Sakai


佐野

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐野 (Sano).

(～市) Sano (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


島田

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 島田 (Shimada).

(～市) Shimada (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


白井

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 白井 (Shiroi).

(～市) Shiroi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


杉山

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 杉山(すぎやま) (Sugiyama).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 杉山, Sugiyama


高田

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Gaotian (a town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 高田, Takada; or of 高田, Takata


伊達

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊達 (Date).

(～市) Date (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


女史

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese astronomy) 31 Draconis (traditional Chinese name for the star system)


帕拉馬里博

ㄆㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄛˊ

ㄆㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄛˊ

/pʰä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Mainland China) Paramaribo (the capital city of Suriname)


長井

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長井 (Nagai).

(～市) Nagai (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 長井, Nagai


永川

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Yongchuan (a district of Chongqing, China)


中川

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 中川, Nakagawa


中島

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 中島, Nakashima; or of 中島, Nakajima

Nakashima, Nakajima (a village in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


長島

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

synonym of 長山列島 /长山列岛 (Chángshān lièdǎo, “Changshan Islands”)

(～縣) Changdao (a former county of Yantai, Shandong, China, now part of Penglai District)

Long Island (an island of New York, United States)

(～町) Nagashima (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

(～縣, ～郡) Ko Yao (a district of Phang Nga Province, Thailand)


武雄

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 武雄 (Takeo).

(～市) Takeo (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


中野

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 中野, Nakano

(～區) Nakano (a special ward of Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

(～市) Nakano (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


長野

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ jɛː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ jɛː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長(なが)野(の) (Nagano).

(～市) Nagano (the capital city of Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


中原

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (中原):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)原(げん) (Chūgen)
* → Korean: 중원(中原) (Jung'won)
* → Vietnamese: Trung Nguyên (中原)

→ English: Central Plain, Zhongyuan

→ Zhuang: Cunghyenz

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

If by your lordship's powerful influence I shall recover the State of Jin, should Chu and Jin go to war and meet in the plain of the Middle Land, I will withdraw from your lordship three stages [each of 30 li].

Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Ruò yǐ jūn zhī líng, dé fǎn Jìn guó, Jìn Chǔ zhì bīng, yù yú zhōngyuán, qí bì jūn sān shè.

若以君之靈，得反晉國，晉楚治兵，遇於中原，其辟君三舍。

若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟君三舍。

Jīn nánfāng yǐ dìng, bīngjiǎ yǐ zú, dāng jiǎng shuài sānjūn, běi dìng Zhōngyuán.

今南方已定，兵甲已足，當獎率三軍，北定中原。

今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原。

the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)

In the midst of the plain there is pulse,
And the common people gather it.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

中原有菽，庶民采之。

(～區) Zhongyuan (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)

(～街道) Zhongyuan (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


西尾

/ɕi⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 西尾 (Nishio).

obor

(～市) Nishio (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


西口

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

(historical) passes of the Great Wall of China in Shanxi, China


西村

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 西村, Nishimura


和美

/xɤ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ho²⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² bi⁵⁵⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² bi⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ bi⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ bi⁴¹/

/xɤ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ho²⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² bi⁵⁵⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² bi⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ bi⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ bi⁴¹/

(～鎮) Hemei (an urban township in Changhua County, Taiwan)


西山

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西山):
* → Japanese: 西山(にしやま) (Nishiyama)
* → Korean: 서산(西山) (Seosan)
* → Vietnamese: Tây Sơn (西山)

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Western Hills (a range west of Beijing, China)

(～島) Xishan (an island in Lake Tai administered as part of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Xishan (former name of 金庭 (Jīntíng) (= Jinting): a town on Xishan Island in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～街道) Xishan (a subdistrict of Echeng district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


新田

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Xintian (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

San Tin (an area of Yuen Long district, New Territories, Hong Kong)


沼田

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 沼田 (Numata).

obor

(～市) Numata (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


野田

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 野田 (Noda).

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～市) Noda (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


橋本

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ puːn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ puːn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 橋本 (Hashimoto).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 橋本, Hashimoto

(～市) Hashimoto (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


長谷川

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 長谷川, Hasegawa


濱中

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浜中 (Hamanaka).

(～町) Hamanaka (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


河合

/hɔː²¹ hɐp̚²/

/hɔː²¹ hɐp̚²/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 河合, Kawai


原田

/ɥɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 原田, Harada


半田

/pän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/pän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 半田 (Handa).

(～市) Handa (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


日高

/ʐ̩⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日高 (Hidaka).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 日高, Hidaka

(～市) Hidaka (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


日野

/ʐ̩⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日野 (Hino).


平川

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Hirakawa (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)

(～區) Pingchuan (a district of Baiyin, Gansu, China)

(～村) Pingchuan (a village in Shihua, Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


平林

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

(～鎮) Pinglin (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


平山

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingshan (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


深谷

/ʂən⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

(～市) Fukaya (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


福井

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 福(ふく)井(い) (Fukui).

(～市) Fukui (the capital city of Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


福田

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit पुण्यक्षेत्र (puṇyakṣetra), from पुण्य (puṇya, “merit”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field”).

cal

पुण्यक्षेत्र

compound

(～區) Futian (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Futian (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 福田, Fukuda


福地

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ te²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tue²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ te²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tue²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ te³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tue³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ te³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tue³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ te²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tue²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ te²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tue²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ te³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tue³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ te³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tue³³/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 福地, Fukuchi


福山

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Fukuyama (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)

(～區) Fushan (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Fushan (a town in Chengmai, Hainan, China)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 福山, Fukuyama


藤井

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 藤井, Fujii


藤枝

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 藤枝 (Fujieda).

obor

(～市) Fujieda (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


藤岡

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 藤岡 (Fujioka).

(～市) Fujioka (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


藤澤

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 藤沢 (Fujisawa).

(～市) Fujisawa (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


藤田

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 藤田, Fujita


藤原

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 藤原, Fujiwara; or of 藤原, Fujihara


雅美

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

(～族) Yami, Tao (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)


舟山

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

(～島) Zhoushan (an island of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～群島) the Zhoushan Islands or Archipelago, the island group surrounding Zhoushan Island

(～市) Zhoushan (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


古川

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 古川 (Furukawa).

(～市) Furukawa (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


古河

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 古河 (Koga).

(～市) Koga (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


古城

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～街道) Gucheng (a subdistrict of Xiangcheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Gucheng (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gucheng (a village in Gangwei, Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian, Kucheng

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/kʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/kʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

(～縣) Gutian (a county of Ningde, Fujian, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Gutian (a town in Shanghang, Longyan, Fujian, China)


別府

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 別府 (Beppu).

(～市) Beppu (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


順治

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː²²/

/sun⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/

/ʃun³³ t͡ʃʰi³³/

/suŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/sun⁴¹⁻²² ti²²/

/sun²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/sun³³⁻¹¹ ti³³/

/sun³³⁻²¹ ti³³/

/suŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ti¹¹/

/zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː²²/

/sun⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/

/ʃun³³ t͡ʃʰi³³/

/suŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/sun⁴¹⁻²² ti²²/

/sun²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/sun³³⁻¹¹ ti³³/

/sun³³⁻²¹ ti³³/

/suŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ti¹¹/

/zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/

See also Manchu ᡳᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ (ijishūn dasan).

m+

ᡳᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ

the Shunzhi era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1644 to 1661)

(～帝) the Shunzhi Emperor (the second emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper)


前田

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 前田, Maeda


前原

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 前原 (Maebaru).

obor

(～市) Maebaru (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


牧野

/mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

(～區) Muye (a district of Xinxiang, Henan, China) (known for the Battle of Muye)


益田

/i⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/i⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 益田 (Masuda).

(～市) Masuda (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


益山

(～市, formerly ～郡) Iksan (a city and former county of North Jeolla Province, South Korea)


町田

/tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 町田 (Machida).


永吉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

(～縣) Yongji (a county of Jilin City, Jilin, China)

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


松浦

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Matsuura (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)

(～街道) Songpu (a subdistrict of Songbei district, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


松下

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 松下, Matsushita


松田

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 松田, Matsuda


松原

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～市) Songyuan (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)

(～市) Matsubara (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


松山

→ English: Songshan, Sungshan

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

;Songshan; Matsuyama
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 松(まつ)山(やま) (Matsuyama). In the case of Songshan, it replaced 錫口／锡口, the old name of the area.

(～區) Songshan, Sungshan (a district of Taipei, Taiwan)

(～市) Matsuyama (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)

The scenery of Tản Viên is majestic like your Song'ak, and the Yalu must be as long as our Red River.

《朝鮮正使前以扇贈故云》 ("The Korean Envoy Previously Gifted Me a Fan, so I Reply"), by Lê Quý Đôn to Hong Gye-hui, 1760

Tản Viên khái tự Tùng Sơn tú, Áp Lục ưng đồng Nhị Thuỷ trường.

^傘圓概似^松山秀，^鴨綠應同^珥水長。

synonym of 松岳山 (“Mount Song'ak, North Korea”)


三澤

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三沢 (Misawa).

(～市) Misawa (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


三島

/sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三島 (Mishima).

(～市) Mishima (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


水尾

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ mei̯¹³/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ mui⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁵⁵⁴/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ mei̯¹³/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ mui⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁵⁵⁴/

(dated) former name of Ruisui, Hualien, prior to Japanese rule


水上

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

(～鄉) Shuishang (a rural township in Chiayi County, Taiwan)


水原

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 水原, Mizuhara


三井

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 三井, Mitsui


三原

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Sanyuan (a county of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

(～市) Mihara (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


美馬

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美馬 (Mima).

(～市) Mima (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


宮崎

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kia³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kia³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宮崎(みやざき) (Miyazaki).

(～市) Miyazaki (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 宮崎, Miyazaki


宮西

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～村) Gongxi (a village in Haidao, Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China)


三好

/sän⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三好 (Miyoshi).

(～市) Miyoshi (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


南蘇丹

/nän³⁵ su⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/lam¹³⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔ³³ tan³³/

/nän³⁵ su⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/lam¹³⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔ³³ tan³³/

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


村上

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ sœːŋ²²/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 村上, Murakami

(～市) Murakami (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


泰昌

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) ancient county in modern-day Chongqing

(～帝) the Taichang Emperor (the fifteenth emperor of the Ming dynasty)

the Taichang era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1620 to 1621)


安居

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

(～鎮) Anju (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


列強

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɔŋ¹³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²³/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɔŋ¹³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²³/

The imperialist powers forced a series of unequal treaties upon China.

Dìguózhǔyì lièqiáng qiángjiā gěi Zhōngguó yī xìliè bù píngděng tiáoyuē.

帝國主義列強強加給中國一系列不平等條約。

帝国主义列强强加给中国一系列不平等条约。

Unequal treaties granted extraterritoriality to the citizens of the great powers.

Bù píngděng tiáoyuē shòuyǔ lièqiáng guómín zài huá de zhìwàifǎquán.

不平等條約授予列強國民在華的治外法權。

不平等条约授予列强国民在华的治外法权。

(historical) the Great World Powers of the 19th and 20th century (typically including Great Britain, France, the United States of America, Germany, Russia, Japan, Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire)


柳川

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柳川 (Yanagawa).

(～市) Yanagawa (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


吉川

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 吉川 (Yoshikawa).

(～市) Yoshikawa (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


和田

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

Homophonous replacement for 和闐／和阗 (Hétián) from 1959; Uyghur خوتەن (xoten).

zh-l

和闐／和阗 (Hétián)

(～河) Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～地區) Hotan (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Hotan (a county-level city of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Hotan (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


渡部

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 渡部, Watabe; or of 渡部, Watanabe


路口

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

(～鎮) Lukou (a town in Huangzhou district, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


會澤

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

(～縣) Huize (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


青田

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Qingtian (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


明石

/miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

(～市) Akashi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


相馬

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³/

(～市) Sōma (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


高崎

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

(～村) Gaoqi (a village in Huli district, Xiamen, Fujian, China)


高崎

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高(たか)崎(さき) (Takasaki).

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

(～市) Takasaki (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


足立

(～區) Adachi (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


新垣

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


石橋

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

(～鎮) Shiqiao (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


市原

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 市原 (Ichihara).

obor

(～市) Ichihara (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


宇城

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇城 (Uki).

(～市) Uki (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


瓜田

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kʷaː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kʷaː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/


山崎

/ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 山崎, Yamazaki; or of 山崎, Yamasaki


三明

/sän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/saŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/sam²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/saŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/sam²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～市) Sanming (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 三明, Miake


砂川

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 砂川 (Sunagawa).

(～市) Sunagawa (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


小泉

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小泉(こいずみ) (Koizumi).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 小泉, Koizumi


河西

/hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

(～區) Hexi (a district of Tianjin, China)

(～街道) Hexi (a subdistrict of Golmud, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


渡邊

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 渡邊, Watanabe; or of 渡辺, Watanabe


七夕

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (七夕):
* → Japanese: 七夕(しちせき) (shichiseki)
* → Korean: 칠석(七夕) (chilseok)
* → Vietnamese: Thất Tịch (七夕)

English: Qixi, Night of Sevens

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ siʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ siaʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ siʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ siaʔ⁴/

(～節) Qixi Festival (the Chinese Valentine's Day, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month)


米澤

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 米沢 (Yonezawa).

obor

(～市) Yonezawa (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


平塚

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Hiratsuka (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


濱田

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浜田 (Hamada).

(～市) Hamada (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


羽田

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

羽田機場

羽田机场


文子

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


北斗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (北斗):
* → Japanese: 北斗(ほくと) (hokuto)
* → Korean: 북두(北斗) (bukdu)
* → Vietnamese: Bắc Đẩu (北斗)

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ tɐu̯³⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ tieu⁴⁵³/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tau⁵⁵⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ tɐu̯³⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ tieu⁴⁵³/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tau⁵⁵⁴/

(～鎮) Beidou (an urban township in Changhua County, Taiwan)


鹿野

/lu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ia⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁴¹/

/lu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ia⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁴¹/

From Japanese 鹿野 (Shikano). The Taiwanese town used to be named 鹿寮 (Lùliáo) but was renamed under Japanese rule in 1911.

(～鄉) Luye (a town in Taitung County, Taiwan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 鹿野, Shikano


島原

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 島原 (Shimabara).

obor

(～市) Shimabara (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


白石

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/paːk̚² sɛːk̚²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/paːk̚² sɛːk̚²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 白石 (Shiroishi).

(～市) Shiroishi (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


新屋

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

(～區, formerly ～鄉) Xinwu (a district of Taoyuan, Taiwan, formerly a rural township)

(～村) Xinwu (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


田原

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 田原 (Tahara).

(～市) Tahara (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


有子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (有子):
* → Japanese: 有(ゆう)子(し) (yūshi)
* → Korean: 유자(有子) (yuja)
* → Vietnamese: Hữu Tử (有子)

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


土佐

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³⁵ t͡sɔː³³/

/tʰou̯³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³⁵ t͡sɔː³³/

/tʰou̯³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 土佐 (Tosa).

obor

(～市) Tosa (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


土肥

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 土肥(どい) (Doi).

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ feɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ feɪ̯³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 土肥, Doi


東條

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːu̯²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːu̯²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 東条, Tōjō


所羅門

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹ muːn²¹/

soe³ lor² mong² [Phonetic:soe² lor⁵ mong²]

/ɬø⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɒ¹³⁻¹¹ mɔŋ¹³/

soe³ lor² muong² [Phonetic:soe¹ lor⁵ muong²]

/ɬø³³²⁻⁵⁵ lɒ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ²⁴/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤ²³⁻³³ bun²³/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹ muːn²¹/

/ɬø⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɒ¹³⁻¹¹ mɔŋ¹³/

/ɬø³³²⁻⁵⁵ lɒ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ²⁴/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤ²³⁻³³ bun²³/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σολομών (Solomṓn).

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Solomon


布宜諾斯艾利斯

ㄅㄨˋ ㄧˊ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄧˊ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

Буиносыайлисы

/pu⁵¹ i³⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ jiː²¹ nɔːk̚² siː⁵⁵ ŋaːi̯²² lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


重光

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 重光, Shigemitsu


仙女

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

(～鎮) Xiannü (a town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


內比都

/neɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² pei̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² pei̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Burmese နေပြည်တော် (ne-pranytau), using Chinese 都 (dū, “capital”).


保安

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Bao'an (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(～縣) Bao'an (a former county of Shaanxi, China; now Zhidan (志丹) county, Shaanxi, China)


保安

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/


海防

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/hai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/hai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/


天竺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (天竺):
* → Japanese: 天(てん)竺(じく) (tenjiku)
* → Okinawan: 天(てぃん)竺(じく) (tinjiku)
* → Korean: 천축(天竺) (cheonchuk)
* → Vietnamese: Thiên Trúc (天竺)

First recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Old Persian [script needed] (*Hinduka-) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).

天篤
天毒
天督
身毒
捐毒
賢豆

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/


天竺

Per 《北京市顺义县地名志》:
In Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:
* https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。
In Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.

天篤
天毒
天督
身毒
捐毒
賢豆

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

(～地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)


國安部

→ English: Guoanbu, Guo'anbu

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ ɔːn⁵⁵ pou̯²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ ɔːn⁵⁵ pou̯²²/

Short for 國家安全部／国家安全部 (guójiā ānquán bù).

zh-etym-short

Ministry of State Security (China); Guoanbu


佛陀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (佛陀):
* → Japanese: 仏(ぶつ)陀(だ) (Butsuda)
* → Korean: 불타(佛陀) (Bulta)
* → Vietnamese: Phật Đà (佛陀)

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tɤ²³/

/vəʔ¹¹ du²³/

/fəʔ³³ du⁴⁴/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tɤ²³/

/vəʔ¹¹ du²³/

/fəʔ³³ du⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha).


釋迦牟尼

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵ ni³⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹ nei̯²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵ ni³⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹ nei̯²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (Śākyamuni, “sage of the Śākyas”).


淮陰

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


太元

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

the Taiyuan era (376 - 397), a Chinese era name from the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin


武陵

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɪŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɪŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

(～區) Wuling (a district of Changde, Hunan, China)

(historical) (～縣) Wuling (a former county of Hunan, China, renamed Changde in 1913)

Jìn Tàiyuán zhōng, Wǔlíng rén bǔyú wéi yè.

晉太元中，武陵人捕魚為業。

晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。

(historical) (～郡) Wuling (an a commandery of imperial China)

(～村) Wuling (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)


難波

/nän³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naːn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naːn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 難波 (Nanba). Alternatively, may reflect an Old Chinese transcription .


新津

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xinjin District (a district of Chengdu, Sichuan, China)


藤森

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 藤森 (Fujimori)


船橋

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/syːn²¹ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/syːn²¹ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～市) Funabashi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


真奈

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

2004, 符祝炎, transl., 印度文化之旅, Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, translation of Gateway to Indian Culture by Chitra Soundar, →ISBN, page 142:

The second largest city for Indian cinema is Chennai (formerly known as Madras) in South India, where Tamil-language films are made under the "Kollywood" moniker, referring to the city's Kodambakkam neighborhood.

Yìndù dì'èr dà diànyǐng chéng wèiyú nán Yìndù Zhēnnài (Chennai, qián chēng mǎdélāsī) de Kèdànbākǎmǔ zhèn (Kodambakkam), chēngwèi "Kèláiwù" (Koliwood), zhǔ yào zhìzuò Dànmǐ'ěryǔ diànyǐng.

印度第二大電影城位於南印度真奈（Chennai，前稱馬德拉斯）的克淡巴卡姆鎮（Kodambakkam），稱為"克萊塢"（Koliwood），主要制作淡米爾語電影。

印度第二大电影城位于南印度真奈（Chennai，前称马德拉斯）的克淡巴卡姆镇（Kodambakkam），称为"克莱坞"（Koliwood），主要制作淡米尔语电影。

2016 September 23, “新加坡飞印度航班惊魂 三星手机冒黑烟”, in Nanyang Post:

The plane was flying from Singapore to Chennai, India.

Zhè jià fēijī dāngshí zhèngzài zhíxíng cóng Xīnjiāpō fēi wǎng Yìndù Zhēnnài.

这架飛機當時正在執行从新加坡飛往印度真奈。

这架飞机当时正在执行从新加坡飞往印度真奈。

(chiefly Malaysia, Singapore) Chennai (the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, India)


守口

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 守口 (Moriguchi).

(～市) Moriguchi (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


八代

/pä⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八代 (Yatsushiro).

(～市) Yatsushiro (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


結城

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 結(ゆう)城(き) (Yūki).

(～市) Yūki (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 結城, Yūki


安西

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) (historical) Anxi (a former county of Gansu, China; modern Guazhou)

大都護府 大都護府#Chinese

(～都護府, ～大都護府) (historical) Anxi Protectorate


伊賀

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊賀 (Iga).

(～市) Iga (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


宇治

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ t͡siː²²/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ t͡siː²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇治 (Uji).

(～市) Uji (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 宇治, Uji


康利

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Conley or Conly


美里

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


金城

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

(～鎮) Jincheng (an urban township in Kinmen County, Fujian, Republic of China)


順平

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Shunping (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)


孝感

→ English: Hsiao-kan, Siaokan, Xiaogan

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːu̯³³ kɐm³⁵/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ³³/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kam⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːu̯³³ kɐm³⁵/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ³³/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kam⁵⁵⁴/

Huang-p'o is treacherous, and Hsiao-kan is cunning, but Han-ch'uan is both treacherous and cunning.

1922, E. T. C. Werner, Chinese Ditties, page 4

jiān Huángpí, jiǎo Xiàogǎn, yòu jiān yòu jiǎo shì Hànchuān

奸黃陂 狡孝感 又奸又狡是漢川

奸黄陂 狡孝感 又奸又狡是汉川

(～市) Xiaogan (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)


易牙

Yi Ya lived during the Spring and Autumn Period in the State of Qi. He was Duke Huan of Qi's beloved chef. Once, Duke Huan of Qi had commented that the only food that he had yet to try was the flesh of an infant. Upon hearing this, Yi Ya steamed his own infant and served it to Huan.

Yi Ya (lived during the Spring and Autumn Period)


泰晤士河

ㄊㄞˋ ㄨˋ ㄕˋ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄨˋ ㄕˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋ̍²¹ siː²² hɔː²¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋ̍²² siː²² hɔː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋ̍²¹ siː²² hɔː²¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋ̍²² siː²² hɔː²¹/

Thames (a river in southeast England, in the United Kingdom, flowing through London)


阿爾卑斯山

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄟ ㄙ ㄕㄢ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄟ ㄙ ㄕㄢ

Аэрбэйсы шань

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ pei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ pei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


桀紂

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

King Jie of Xia and King Zhou of Shang (the last king of the Xia Dynasty and the last king of the Shang Dynasty, both of whom were notorious tyrants)


盤古

/pʰän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːn²¹ kuː³⁵/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰuan¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/pʰän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːn²¹ kuː³⁵/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰuan¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/pʰuan²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/


天宮

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ³³/

Tiangong-1 (the name of the first Chinese space station, Tiangong-1 - 天宮一號 Tiāngōng yī hào).

Tiangong (the name of the third and current modular Chinese space station).


天漢

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɔːn³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɔːn³³/

(historical) One of the era names of the Emperor Wu of Han, used from 100 BCE to 97 BCE


北愛爾蘭

ㄅㄟˇ ㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄢˊ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄢˊ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ ɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ laːn²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ ɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ laːn²¹/

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English:_Q26

Northern Ireland (a constituent country and province of the United Kingdom, situated in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland)

大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國

Dà-Bùlièdiān jí Běi-Ài'ěrlán Liánhé Wángguó


愛爾蘭共和國

ㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Айэрлань Гунхэго

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ laːn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English:_Q27

Republic of Ireland (long form of Ireland: an island country in northwestern Europe)


元月

/ɥɛn³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(literary) synonym of 一月 (yīyuè, “January”)

(archaic) The first of the twelve months of the Chinese lunar year.

臘月

Month of the Year: 元月 (Yuányuè), 正月 (zhēngyuè); Previous

杏月

Month of the Year: 元月 (Yuányuè), 正月 (zhēngyuè); Next


比薩

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/


衡州

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Hengzhou, a former name for the city of Hengyang in Hunan province in the People's Republic of China

Heng prefecture, the former administrative division (州) controlled by the city

(Hong Kong, uncommon) (～郡) Hampshire (a county of England)


對面

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ miːn²²/

/tøy²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛiŋ²¹³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ miːn²²/

/tøy²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛiŋ²¹³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

(～村) Duimian (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


合成

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

(～里) an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


前門

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰen²² ᵐbɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/zɪ²² mən³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰen²² ᵐbɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/zɪ²² mən³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

(informal) Alternative name for 正陽門／正阳门 (Zhèngyángmén).


後門

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ məɻ³⁵/

/hɐu̯²² muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/heu³² ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/heu³² ᵐbᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/

/xəu⁴⁵ məŋ¹¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/au⁴¹⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ mŋ̍¹³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/au³³⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

/ɦøy²² mən³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ məɻ³⁵/

/hɐu̯²² muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/heu³² ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/heu³² ᵐbᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/

/xəu⁴⁵ məŋ¹¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/au⁴¹⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ mŋ̍¹³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/au³³⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

/ɦøy²² mən³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵/

(Beijing Mandarin) synonym of 地安門 /地安门 (Dì'ānmén)


熊谷

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 熊谷 (Kumagaya).

(～市) Kumagaya (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


美軍

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/mei̯¹³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/mei̯¹³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kun⁴⁴/


阿凡提

/ˀä⁵⁵ fän³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ fän³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur ئەپەندى (ependi, “lord, master”), from Ottoman Turkish افندی (efendi).


光輝

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hui³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hui³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

(～村) Guanghui (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)


白帝城

/paɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/


海德公園

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ

Хайдэ Гунъюань

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/


海特公園

ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ

Хайтэ Гунъюань

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


耶穌基督

ㄧㄝˊ ㄙㄨ ㄐㄧ ㄉㄨ

/jɛ⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ sou̯⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴ tuk̚²/

/(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴ tuk̚²/

/ia¹¹ su⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʊk̚¹/

/ia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lu⁵⁵ ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louʔ²⁴/

e² sou¹ gi¹ dorh⁶ [Phonetic:e⁵ lou¹ gi² dorh⁶]

/e¹³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))lɔu⁵³³ ki⁵³³⁻¹³ tɒʔ²¹/

/e²⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))lɔu⁵⁴⁴ ki⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ tɒʔ²/

/ia²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²/

/ia²⁴⁻²² sɔ³³ ki³³ tɔk̚⁵/

/ia¹³⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²/

/ia²³⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²/

/ia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sou³³⁻²³ ki³³⁻²³ tok̚²/

ia^平 su^去 ci^平 toh^入; ya^去 su^去 ci^平 toh^入

/ia⁵⁵ su³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ toʔ²¹/

/ɦia⁵⁵ su³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ toʔ²¹/

/jɛ⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ sou̯⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴ tuk̚²/

/(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴ tuk̚²/

/ia¹¹ su⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʊk̚¹/

/ia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lu⁵⁵ ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louʔ²⁴/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))lɔu⁵³³ ki⁵³³⁻¹³ tɒʔ²¹/

/e²⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))lɔu⁵⁴⁴ ki⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ tɒʔ²/

/ia²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²/

/ia²⁴⁻²² sɔ³³ ki³³ tɔk̚⁵/

/ia¹³⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²/

/ia²³⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²/

/ia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sou³³⁻²³ ki³³⁻²³ tok̚²/

/ia⁵⁵ su³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ toʔ²¹/

/ɦia⁵⁵ su³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ toʔ²¹/


阿拉

/aː³³ laː⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ laʔ⁴/

/aː³³ laː⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ laʔ⁴/


真主

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

There is no deity but God. Muhammad is the Messenger of God.

Wànwù fēi zhǔ, wéiyǒu zhēnzhǔ. Mùhǎnmòdé, shì zhǔ shǐzhě.

萬物非主，唯有真主。穆罕默德，是主使者。

万物非主，唯有真主。穆罕默德，是主使者。


廣義

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ jiː²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ jiː²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Quảng Ngãi Province
w:Quảng Ngãi Province

(～省) Quảng Ngãi Province (a province of Vietnam)


清明

ryu-r

清明(しーみー) (Shīmī)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (清明):
* → Japanese: 清明(せいめい) (Seimei)
* → Okinawan: 清明(しーみー) (Shīmī)
* → Korean: 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh minh (清明)

→ Indonesian: cengbeng

desc

→ Thai: เชงเม้ง (cheng-méng), เช็งเม้ง (cheng-méng)

→ Khmer: ឆេងម៉េង (cheengmeeng)

→ Zhuang: Cingmingz

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

:zh:逸周書
Classic of Rites
Guoyu (book)
Shijing
Xunzi

From 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear; pure”) + 明 (OC *mraŋ, “bright”). Attested in Shijing ("(of governance) to be methodical, orderly"), Xunzi ("(of water) clear and bright"), Classic of Rites ("sober, calm"; "(of voice) clear"), Lost Book of Zhou ("(the date of) Qingming, from brightness, clearness of the scenery"), Guoyu ("southeasterly winds").

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter

Chinese calendar
Chinese calendar#English

Qingming (fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese calendar, occurring from April 4 or 5 to 18 or 19)

(～節) Tomb Sweeping Day (annual Chinese festival observed on the first day of Qingming)

(～村) Qingming (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


南洋

→ English: Nanyang

/nän³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ⁿdam²² jiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/nam⁵⁵ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/lam¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩẽ⁵⁵/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

/nø²² ɦiã⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ⁿdam²² jiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/nam⁵⁵ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/lam¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩẽ⁵⁵/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

/nø²² ɦiã⁴⁴/

to migrate to Southeast Asia (during late Qing and the Republic of China era)

下南洋

(dated) Malay Archipelago; (in general) Southeast Asia, Nanyang

(historical, Qing to early ROC) southern “coastal” region of China, inclusive of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong

(historical) irrigation plain south of the Mulan River in Fujian


歐盟

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐŋ²¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐŋ²¹/


萬里長城

ㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ

Ваньли Чанчэн

/wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² lei̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/van⁵⁵ li²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/uaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡi³³ tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/ban²¹ li⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɡuan⁵³⁻¹¹ li²¹ t͡sʰaŋ¹¹ t͡sʰin¹¹/

/wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² lei̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/van⁵⁵ li²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ban²¹ li⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɡuan⁵³⁻¹¹ li²¹ t͡sʰaŋ¹¹ t͡sʰin¹¹/

From the idiomatic sense of 萬 /万 (wàn) as any uncountable or unimaginably large number. As a whole the name, translated literally, means “10,000-li long wall”.


素女

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (素女):
* → Japanese: 素(そ)女(じょ) (sojo)
* → Korean: 소녀(素女) (sonyeo)
* → Vietnamese: tố nữ (素女)

/su⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

"Plain Girl," a goddess from Chinese mythology, supposedly contemporaneous with the Yellow Emperor

a mythical fairy maiden in the Milky Way galaxy


解放軍

ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/kai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun³³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/kai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun³³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

People's Liberation Army
People's Liberation Army


港口

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰau⁵²⁻²¹/

/kɑ̃³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰau⁵²⁻²¹/

/kɑ̃³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～區) Gangkou (a district of Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


競秀

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(～區) Jingxiu (a district of Baoding, Hebei, China)


小霸王

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄨㄤˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ paː³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ paː³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

Little Conqueror (a nickname for Sun Ce)


霸王

ja-r

覇王(はおう) (haō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (霸王):
* → Japanese: 覇王(はおう) (haō)

/pä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/paː³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/pa⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

/pa²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/pa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ¹³/

/pa¹¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²¹⁻⁴¹ ɔŋ²³/

/pa²¹³⁻⁵⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/paː³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/pa⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

/pa²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/pa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ¹³/

/pa¹¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/pa²¹⁻⁴¹ ɔŋ²³/

/pa²¹³⁻⁵⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/

西楚霸王 西楚霸王#Chinese

short for 西楚霸王 (Xīchǔ Bàwáng, “Xiang Yu”)


摩西

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mo²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/mo⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mo²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/mo⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Moses


基希訥烏

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nɤ⁵¹ u⁵⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ hei̯⁵⁵ nɐt̚² wuː⁵⁵/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴⁻³² ɔ⁴⁴/

/ki³³ hi³³ lut̚²⁴⁻² ɔ³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² ɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi³³ nəʔ³³ u²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nɤ⁵¹ u⁵⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ hei̯⁵⁵ nɐt̚² wuː⁵⁵/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴⁻³² ɔ⁴⁴/

/ki³³ hi³³ lut̚²⁴⁻² ɔ³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² ɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi³³ nəʔ³³ u²¹/

Chișinău (a city, the capital city of Moldova)


廬江

/lu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lujiang (a county of Hefei, Anhui, China)

(historical) Lujiang Commandery (southwest of present day Lujiang County)


丹陽

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

Danyang (a county-level city of Jiangsu, China)

(historical) Danyang (first capital of the State of Chu)

(～鎮) Danyang (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(～社區) Danyang (a residential community in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Hubei, China)


孫郎

/su̯ən⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

/su̯ən⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/


涇縣

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

Jing County (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


故鄣

/ku⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ku⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

(archaic) Guzhang County, Danyang Commandery (northwest of Anji County, Zhejiang)


君理

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


細陽

/ɕi⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Xiyang (east of present day Taihe County)


平定

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Pingding (a county of Yangquan, Shanxi, China)

(～省) Bình Định Province (a province of Vietnam)


歷陽

/li⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/li⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Liyang (present day He County, Anhui)


舒城

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Shucheng (a county of Lu'an, Anhui, China)


天主教會

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

Тяньчжу Цзяохуэй

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hue³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹⁻⁵³ hue²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hue³³/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹⁻⁵³ hue²²/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hue³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹⁻⁵³ hue²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hue³³/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹⁻⁵³ hue²²/


行方

/ɕiŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 行方 (Namegata).

obor

(～市) Namegata (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


吾兄

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

(archaic) you (a polite way to address one's friend or elder)


彭城

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(archaic) Pengcheng (present day Xuzhou)


朱雀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (朱雀):
* → Japanese: 朱(す)雀(ざく) (suzaku)
* → Korean: 주작(朱雀) (jujak)
* → Vietnamese: Chu Tước (朱雀)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

Vermilion Bird (one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations)

(Chinese mythology) Vermilion Bird (guardian spirit of the south)


白虎

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

(Chinese mythology) White Tiger (one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations)

(Chinese mythology) White Tiger (god of the West in Chinese mythology)

(～村) Baihu (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


玄武

Sino-Xenic (玄武):
* → Japanese: 玄(げん)武(ぶ) (genbu)
* → Korean: 현무(玄武) (hyeonmu)
* → Vietnamese: Huyền Vũ (玄武)

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

(astronomy) the Black Turtle (literally "Black Warrior"), a Chinese constellation making up one of the Four Symbols of Chinese astronomy.

(feng shui) the Black Turtle (literally "Black Warrior"), a representation of water and direction north.

(～區) Xuanwu (a district of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


牟平

/mu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² pʰɪŋ²¹/

/mu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Muping (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)


牛渚

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) Niuzhu (northwest of present day Dangtu County, Anhui)


卡桑

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/


下蔡

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) Xiacai (present day Fengtai County, Anhui)


揚子江

→ English: Yangtze (calque)

→ German: Jangtsekiang

→ Korean: 양쯔강 (Yangjjeugang)

→ Portuguese: rio Yangtzé (calque)

→ Russian: Янцзы́ (Janczý)

→ Spanish: río Yangtsé (calque)

→ Thai: แม่น้ำแยงซี (calque)

→ Vietnamese: sông Dương Tử (calque)

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒy³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒy³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

From 揚子／扬子 (Yángzǐ) (for "Yangzhou" directly or for a nearby ferry named "Yangzi") + 江 (jiāng, “(major) river”). Its false etymology as "Son of the Ocean" stems from the homophonic misnomer 洋子江.

zh-l

揚子／扬子 (Yángzǐ)

(obsolete) the stretch of the Yangtze River between its mouth and Nanjing, near the formerly-important port of Yangzhou


神亭

/ʂən³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Shenting (present day Danyang, Jiangsu)


廟宇

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/bio⁴¹⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/

/bio²²⁻²¹ u⁵³/

/bio³³⁻¹¹ u⁵³/

/biɤ³³⁻²¹ u⁴¹/

/bio²²⁻²¹ i⁵³/

/miɔ²² ɦy⁴⁴/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/bio⁴¹⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/

/bio²²⁻²¹ u⁵³/

/bio³³⁻¹¹ u⁵³/

/biɤ³³⁻²¹ u⁴¹/

/bio²²⁻²¹ i⁵³/

/miɔ²² ɦy⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Miaoyu (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


三星

/sän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/sã³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

Sanxing (any of various townships in China)

(～鄉) Sanxing (a rural township in Yilan County, Taiwan)


大雪

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大雪):
* → Japanese: 大雪(たいせつ) (taisetsu)
* → Korean: 대설(大雪) (daeseol)

/tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ta²¹³ ɕye²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ seʔ³²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² seʔ⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ seʔ³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ seʔ³²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ seʔ³²/

/du²² ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dəu²² siɪʔ³³/

/tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ta²¹³ ɕye²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ seʔ³²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² seʔ⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ seʔ³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ seʔ³²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ seʔ³²/

/du²² ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dəu²² siɪʔ³³/

/tʰai¹¹ ˈɕyɵt̚⁵/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ɕiɛt̚¹/

/ta⁴⁵ ɕyəʔ²/

/tuɛ⁵⁵ syɛ²⁴/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔʔ²⁴/

/da²² ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ta̠⁴⁵ si̯e̞²⁴/

/ta̠⁴⁵ ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ta²¹³ ɕye²¹/

/tʰai¹¹ ˈɕyɵt̚⁵/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ɕiɛt̚¹/

/ta⁴⁵ ɕyəʔ²/

/tuɛ⁵⁵ syɛ²⁴/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔʔ²⁴/

/da²² ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ta̠⁴⁵ si̯e̞²⁴/

/ta̠⁴⁵ ɕi̯e̞²⁴/


神木

/ʂən³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ mʊk̚²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ bɔk̚⁴/

/ʂən³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ mʊk̚²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ bɔk̚⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Shenmu (a county-level city and former county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


身毒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (身毒):
* → Japanese: 身毒(しんどく) (Shindoku)
* → Korean: 연독(身毒) (Yeondok), 건독(身毒) (Geondok), 신독(身毒) (Sindok)

/t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ tu³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ tu³⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ tu³⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ tu³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ tu³⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ tu³⁵/

Transcription of the same Old Persian [script needed] (*Hinduka, “India”) (or its minor variants, such as 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hinduš)) as 天竺 (Tiānzhú). It is the oldest of the Chinese names for India, and occurs in Shiji in connection with the mission of Zhang Qian to Daxia.
Using Middle Chinese reconstructions of the two characters in this word (ɕiɪn duok̚) gives the false impression that this is derived from the name of Sindhu (सिन्धु) – the name of the westernmost kingdom of India. Factors making this etymology unlikely include:
# Zhang Qian had no direct contact with India or with the Indians. He gathered the name from the people of Daxia which was a pure Iranian zone then under the occupation of Yuezhi;
# The choice of an alveolopalatal sibilant ɕ- for a clear dental sibilant s- in the original language; cf. known transcriptions of Sindhu: 新頭 新陶 辛頭 信度, all commencing with a dental sibilant; and
# The presence of a final -k in 身毒, as in 天竺.
The ancient Chinese writers have long suggested that shēn in this word had a different pronunciation. Yan Shigu in his commentary to the Hanshu says:
:
The variant of Late Old Chinese that Zhang Qian had used showed the dialectal development of Old Chinese 身 *n̥in > *χin ~ hin, explaining the choice of 身 (shēn). This is perhaps comparable to the case of 天 in 天竺 (“India”), also a dialectal Old Chinese variant pronunciation. Modern dictionaries variably designate the proper pronunciation of this word in modern Beijing Mandarin as Juāndú, Yuándú, Yuāndú, but rarely Shēndú as would be pronounced by an unknowledgeable native.

der

Juandu (捐毒), Yuandu (身毒) and Tiandu (天篤) are originally the same name pronounced either lightly or with emphasis.

Juāndú jí Yuāndú, Tiāndǔ yě, běn jiē yī míng, yǔ yǒu qīngzhòng ěr.

捐毒即身毒、天篤也，本皆一名，語有輕重耳。

捐毒即身毒、天笃也，本皆一名，语有轻重耳。

Daxia
Hanshu
Shiji
Yan Shigu
Yuezhi
Zhang Qian


中州

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)

Alternative name for 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó, “China”).


新春

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


松滋

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

(～市) Songzi (a county-level city of Jingzhou, Hubei, China) (in southwest Hubei province)

(archaic) Songzi County (in present day Huoqiu County, Anhui)

(～縣) (historical) Songzi (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China) (in southwest Hubei province)


秣陵

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Moling (present day Jiangning District, Nanjing)


豫章

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

In the winter, the Lords of Cai, Wu, and Tang commenced the campaign against Chu. (The armies of Wu) left their carrier ships anchored by the Huai bank, marched through the land of Yuzhang, and confronted the Chu forces across the Han.

Dōng, Cài Hóu, Wú Zǐ, Táng Hóu fá Chǔ. Shè zhōu yú Huái ruì, zì Yùzhāng yǔ Chǔ jiā Hàn.

冬，蔡侯、吳子、唐侯伐楚。舍舟于淮汭，自豫章與楚夾漢。

冬，蔡侯、吴子、唐侯伐楚。舍舟于淮汭，自豫章与楚夹汉。

(historical) a geographic region east to the Han River, north to the River Chang Jiang, and south to the Huai He during the Spring and Autumn era

(historical) (～郡) Yuzhang, a commandery in present-day Nanchang, Jiangxi.


廬山

/lu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/lu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

Mount Lu (famed mountain in northern Jiangxi, China)

(～市) Lushan (a county-level city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


織女一

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ nɵy̯¹³ jɐt̚⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ nɵy̯¹³ jɐt̚⁵/


東吳德王

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ

Дун У Дэ Ван

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵ tɤ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵ tɤ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

the Virtuous King of Eastern Wu (a nickname for White Tiger Yan)


嘉興

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Jiaxing (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)

(～社) Gia Hưng (a commune of Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam)


楓橋

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

Fengqiao Experience (a method from the Cultural Revolution for using massed groups of citizens to monitor and reform those who are labeled as “class enemies”)

楓橋經驗

枫桥经验

(～街道) Fengqiao Subdistrict (west of Suzhou)


金石

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

(～鎮) Jinshi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


閶門

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

(archaic) the Changmen Gate (a gate to the west of present day Suzhou)


鳴門

/miŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/miŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鳴門 (Naruto).

obor

(～市) Naruto (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


餘杭

/jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

Probably an Old Chinese transcription of an original Baiyue name, but folk etymologized as deriving from 禹航 (Yǔ Háng, “Yu's ferry”).
Li (1995) considers 餘 (OC *la) to be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *rɤjᴮ (“dry field”), whence Zhuang reih and Thai ไร่ (râi). Alternatively, Zhengzhang (1990) suggests it may be derived from Proto-Kam-Sui *ra (“field; farmland”), whence Southern Kam jav (/ja⁵/), Sui qxgas (/ʔɣa⁵/), Maonan yras (/ʔja⁵/). This element is also seen in 餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo).

zh-l

餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo)

(historical) (～縣) Yuhang (a former county of Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Yuhang (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


西津渡

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tu⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tu⁵¹/


暹羅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (暹羅):
* → Korean: 섬라(暹羅) (Seomna)
* → Vietnamese: Xiêm La (暹羅)

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹/

/tʰiam³³ lᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/siam³³⁻²¹ lɤ²³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹/

/tʰiam³³ lᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/siam³³⁻²¹ lɤ²³/

Short for 暹羅斛／暹罗斛 (as recorded in the History of Ming), which was a combined name for two states in modern-day Thailand:
* 暹 (Xiān) is derived from 暹 (MC sjem), referring to the kingdom of Siam, likely the kingdom of Suvarnabhumi; and
* 羅斛／罗斛, the kingdom of Lavo (now called Lopburi).
The two kingdoms merged in the mid-14ᵗʰ century to become the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and the combined Chinese name 暹羅 remained in use to refer to subsequent Thai kingdoms.

Moreover, Japan wants to occupy the Philippines, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and the Dutch East Indies in order to cut off other countries from China and monopolize the southwestern Pacific.

1938, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論持久戰》 (On Protracted War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Bìngqiě Rìběn hái xiǎng zhànlǐng Fēilǜbīn, Xiānluó, Yuènán, Mǎlái Bàndǎo hé Héshǔ Dōng Yìndù, bǎ wàiguó hé Zhōngguó qiēkāi, dúzhàn xīnán Tàipíngyáng.

並且日本還想佔領菲律賓、暹羅、越南、馬來半島和荷屬東印度，把外國和中國切開，獨佔西南太平洋。

并且日本还想占领菲律宾、暹罗、越南、马来半岛和荷属东印度，把外国和中国切开，独占西南太平洋。

(historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)

Ayutthaya Kingdom
History of Ming
Lavo Kingdom
Lopburi
Suvarnabhumi#Thailand theory


中森

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

1985, “日本娃娃”, in 許冠傑 (lyrics), 最緊要好玩, performed by 許冠傑:

She looked quite like Akina Nakamori; I kid you not

jau⁵ di¹ ci⁵ zung¹ sam¹ ming⁴ coi³, m⁴ hai⁶ gong² gaa²

有啲似中森明菜 唔係講假

有啲似中森明菜 唔系讲假

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 中森, Nakamori


餘姚

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

餘 (OC *la) is thought to be the same as the first syllable in 餘杭, and may be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. See 餘杭 for more.

(～市) Yuyao (a county-level city of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～村) Yuyao (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


聯想

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lyːn²¹ sœːŋ³⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lyːn²¹ sœːŋ³⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/


阿媽

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

阿妈
阿妈
阿嬤
俺媽
俺嬤
阿罵
阿妈
阿馬
阿瑪

(Hong Kong, chiefly Tanka Cantonese, Weitou Cantonese, Hakka, religion) An epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu - 媽祖／妈祖 (Māzǔ).

chiefly Tanka Cantonese; Weitou Cantonese; chiefly Tanka Cantonese; Weitou Cantonese


魏瑪共和國

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Вэйма Гунхэго

/weɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(Mainland China, history) Weimar Republic


燕子

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iɛn²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ie⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɛn³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iɛn²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ie⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɛn³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yanzi (a town and former township in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


臺南

→ English: Tainan

→ Korean: 타이난 (Tainan)

→ Russian: Тайнань (Tajnanʹ)

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ naːm²¹/

/tai¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/tai²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ naːm²¹/

/tai¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/tai²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

Officially, with the creation of Tainan Prefecture (臺南府) in 1887.

(～市) Tainan (special municipality in southern Taiwan)

(～市) (historical) Tainan City (former provincial city, now part of the special municipality)

(～縣) (historical) Tainan County (former county, now part of the special municipality)


花瓶

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰiɤ̯̃ɻ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/fa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰiaŋ¹¹/

/hue³³⁻²³ paŋ⁵⁵/

/hue³³⁻²³ pʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰiɤ̯̃ɻ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/fa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰiaŋ¹¹/

/hue³³⁻²³ paŋ⁵⁵/

/hue³³⁻²³ pʰiŋ⁵⁵/

(～嶼) Huaping Islet, a pinnacle in the East China Sea administered by Zhongzheng, Keelung, Republic of China (Taiwan)


元朝

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/ŋueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/ŋueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


英格蘭

/iŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ laːn²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/iŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ laːn²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


查瀆

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ tu³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ tu³⁵/

(archaic) Chadu (southwest of present day Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou)


伊東

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊東 (Itō).

obor

(～市) Itō (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


裾野

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 裾野 (Susono).

(～市) Susono (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


元明

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

the Yuan (1271–1368) and Ming (1368–1644) dynasties


密林

Phono-semantic matching of English Merlin.

psm

/mɐt̚² lɐm²¹/

/mɐt̚² lɐm²¹/


長壽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

(～區) Changshou (a district of Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Changshou (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Changshou (a residential community in Changshou, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Changshou (a village in Changshou, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(historical) various era names from 692–694 and 769–779


宣城

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/souŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/souŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ zən²¹/

(～市) Xuancheng (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


自慰隊

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² wɐi̯³³ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² wɐi̯³³ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

Near homophonous pair between 自衛／自卫 (zìwèi, “self-defense”) and 自慰 (zìwèi, “masturbation”).

(derogatory, vulgar) the Japan Self-Defense Forces


國慶節

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ hɪŋ³³ t͡siːt̚³/

/kɒʔ²¹ kʰiŋ⁴² t͡sɛʔ²¹/

/kɒʔ² kʰiŋ⁴² t͡sɛʔ²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ hɪŋ³³ t͡siːt̚³/

/kɒʔ²¹ kʰiŋ⁴² t͡sɛʔ²¹/

/kɒʔ² kʰiŋ⁴² t͡sɛʔ²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

National Day, especially that of the People's Republic of China (October 1)


上京

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

(～鎮) Shangjing (a town in Datian, Sanming, Fujian, China)


伊斯蘭教

→ Zhuang: Yihswhlanzgyau

ㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ lan¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ lan¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃aŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɑu²¹³/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² kau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/i³³ sɯ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ lan¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ lan¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² kau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²¹ kau²¹/

/i³³ sɯ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² kau⁴¹/


黃金週

Хуанцзинь Чжоу

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kim³³ t͡siu³³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kim³³ t͡siu³³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/


天星

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Tianxing (a subdistrict and former town in Qu County, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Tianxing (a town in Daguan, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)

(～鄉) Tianxing (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


友愛

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ ɔːi̯³³/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ ɔːi̯³³/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

(～村) You'ai (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


人日

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (人日):
* → Japanese: 人日(じんじつ) (jinjitsu)
* → Korean: 인일(人日) (inil)

/ʐən³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ jɐt̚²⁻³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ jɐt̚²/

/zɐn²¹ zɐk̚²²/

/ᵑɡin²² ᵑɡit̚³²⁻³²⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ jɐt̚²⁻³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ jɐt̚²/

/zɐn²¹ zɐk̚²²/

/ᵑɡin²² ᵑɡit̚³²⁻³²⁵/

Renri; Human Day (the seventh of the first month in the Chinese calendar)


布袋

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɔu⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lø¹¹/

/pɔu⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lø²¹/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ te³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tə⁴¹/

/pou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ to¹¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɔu⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lø¹¹/

/pɔu⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lø²¹/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ te³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tə⁴¹/

/pou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ to¹¹/

(～鎮) Budai (an urban township in Chiayi County, Taiwan)


佳美

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


若干

Sino-Xenic (若干):
* → Japanese: 若(じゃっ)干(かん) (jakkan)
* → Korean: 약간(若干) (yakgan)

/ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

/ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

Most likely from Xianbei 若干 (*ñaqañ) meaning "dog", related to Mongolian нохой (noxoj).


獨逸

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 獨逸(ドイツ) (Doitsu), from Dutch Duits. Doublet 德意志 (Déyìzhì).

zh-l

德意志 (Déyìzhì)

(obsolete) Germany (a country in Europe; capital: Berlin)


江右

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐu̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐu̯²²/


甲骨文

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kaːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kut̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/kaʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kaːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kut̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/kaʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/


天壇

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰaːn²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰaːn²¹/


協作

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hiːp̚³ t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hiɛʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡sɒʔ²¹/

/hiɛʔ⁴ t͡sɒʔ²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hiap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hiːp̚³ t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hiɛʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡sɒʔ²¹/

/hiɛʔ⁴ t͡sɒʔ²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hiap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

As a lake, paired with nearby Tuanjie Lake from the expression 團結協作/团结/协作 (tuánjié xiézuò, “to work in unity”).

(～湖, ～鹽湖, ～鹽池) Xiezuo Lake in the Qarhan Playa, Qinghai, China


舊金山

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (舊金山):
* → Vietnamese: Cựu Kim Sơn (舊金山)

Цзюцзиньшань

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯²² kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ kim²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² kim³³ suã³³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯²² kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ kim²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² kim³³ suã³³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

The name refers to the gold rush in the 19th century, and "old" is in comparison to the "New Gold Mountain" (新金山 (Xīnjīnshān)) of Melbourne, Australia. (金山 (jīnshān) is being used loosely for any place of great chances for wealth in a similar fashion to the English "gold mine".)

1904, Liang Qichao, 新大陸遊記, 廣智書局, published 1907, page 192:

From all the societies I have seen in the world, there is no society as disorderly as the Chinese community in San Francisco. Why so? It's because of freedom.

Wú guān quán dìqiú zhī shèhuì, wèi yǒu língluàn yú Jiùjīnshān zhī huárén zhě. Cǐ hé yǐ gù? Yuē zìyóu ěr.

吾觀全地球之社會，未有凌亂於舊金山之華人者。此何以故？曰自由耳。

吾观全地球之社会，未有凌乱于旧金山之华人者。此何以故？曰自由耳。

Chinese workers and merchants living abroad in the New and Old Gold Mountains, Hawaii, Singapore, Penang Island, Cuba and Peru numbered at least millions. Their home letters often failed to reach their hometowns ten years after being sent, since the mail company had the custom of intercepting mails sent to non-treaty powers.

1929, Zhao Erxun, "Draft History of Qing"

Zhōngguó gōngshāng lǚjū Xīn Jiù jīnshān, Tánxiāngshān, Xīnjiāpō, Bīnlángyǔ, Gǔbā, Mìlǔ zhě, bùxià shù bǎiwàn rén, wǎngwǎng yǒu yī zhǐ jiāshū shí nián bù dá zhě, yuán yóuhuì yǒu kòuzǔ wúyuēguó wénhán zhī lì yě.

中國工商旅居新舊金山、檀香山、新嘉坡、檳榔嶼、古巴、秘魯者，不下數百萬人，往往有一紙家書十年不達者，緣郵會有扣阻無約國文函之例也。

中国工商旅居新旧金山、檀香山、新嘉坡、槟榔屿、古巴、秘鲁者，不下数百万人，往往有一纸家书十年不达者，缘邮会有扣阻无约国文函之例也。

(chiefly Mainland China, Taiwan, dated in Hong Kong) San Francisco (a city in California, United States)


德克薩斯

ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄙ

ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄙ

/tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ saːt̚³ siː⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ saːt̚³ siː⁵⁵/

(～州) (Taiwan) Texas (a state in the south-central region of the United States)


城管

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ²¹ kuːn³⁵/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ²¹ kuːn³⁵/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²/

Short for 城市管理執法／城市管理执法 (chéngshì guǎnlǐ zhífǎ).

zh-etym-short

City Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau


二戰

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

第二次世界大戰 第二次世界大戰#Chinese

第二次世界大战 第二次世界大战#Chinese

short for 第二次世界大戰 /第二次世界大战 (Dì-èr Cì Shìjiè Dàzhàn, “World War II”)


東洋

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tuŋ²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tuŋ²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

(dated or literary) Japan (from the Chinese perspective)

(dated or literary) the Orient; Asia; East Asia


大分

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² fɐn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² fɐn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大分(おおいた) (Ōita).

ja-r

大分(おおいた) (Ōita)

(～市) Ōita (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


昆士蘭

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ län³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ siː²² laːn²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ län³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ siː²² laːn²¹/

(～州) Queensland (a state of Australia, located in the northeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1859 to 1901)


維多利亞

ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/weɪ̯³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ tɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

/weɪ̯³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ tɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

(～州) Victoria (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1851 to 1901)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (a city, the capital of British Columbia)

Victoria (a city, the capital of Seychelles)

Victoria (the capital city of Gozo, the second-largest island of Malta)

City of Victoria
City of Victoria#English

(historical) (～城) City of Victoria (a city in Hong Kong)

Victoria Harbour
Victoria Harbour#English

(～港) Victoria Harbour (a harbour in Hong Kong separating Hong Kong Island in the south from the Kowloon Peninsula to the north)

Victoria (personal or place name)
(～湖) Lake Victoria (a lake in Africa)

Victoria (personal or place name)
Lake Victoria (a lake in Africa)


無線

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/bo¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/bo¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/


日本國

/ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² puːn³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² puːn³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/


羅荒野

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄤ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄤ ㄧㄝˇ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/