岷江

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China)


湘江

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ³³ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ³³ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/


烏江

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Wu River (a river in Guizhou, China), a tributary of the Yangtze

(～鎮) Wujiang Town (name of several towns in China)

(～縣) Wujiang County (an ancient county in modern-day Anhui, China)


鄱陽湖

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ jœːŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/pɔː³³ jœːŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/pʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ jœːŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/pɔː³³ jœːŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/pʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu⁵⁵/


鄱陽

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pɔː³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pɔː³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～湖) Poyang Lake (a lake in the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)

(～縣) Poyang County (a county of the prefecture-level city of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China; formerly, 波陽 /波阳 (Bōyáng) (between 1957 and 2003))


波陽

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Name of the county 鄱陽／鄱阳 (Póyáng) from 1957 to 2003.


洪澤湖

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄏㄨˊ

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚² wuː²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚² wuː²¹/

Hongze Lake (a lake in Jiangsu, China), since the Tang.


洪澤

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

(～區) Hongze (a district of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China)

(～湖) Hongze (a lake in Jiangsu, China), since the Tang

(historical) (～塘) Hongze (a lake in Jiangsu, China), under the Sui and early Tang


納木錯

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mʊk̚² t͡sʰɔː³³/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mʊk̚² t͡sʰɔː³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan གནམ་མཚོ (gnam mtsho).

Namtso (a lake in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


色林錯

ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

/sɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan སེར་གླིང་མཚོ (ser gling mtsho) or ཟེ་ལིང་མཚོ (ze ling mtsho).

bor

སེར་གླིང་མཚོ

Siling Lake (a lake in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


羅布泊

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄛˊ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄛˋ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ pou̯³³ pɔːk̚²/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ pou̯³³ pɔːk̚²/

Partial calque of Written Oirat ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ
ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (Lob nuur), from ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ (Lob) + ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (nuur, “lake”), where the former is itself of unknown origin from older times.
A detailed discussion on the etymology of this word can be found in Notes on Marco Polo, by French Sinologist Paul Pelliot. Compare English Lop Nur.

partial calque

(～鎮) Luobupo (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


贛江

/kän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/


車師

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/


曾母暗沙

ㄗㄥ ㄇㄨˇ ㄢˋ ㄕㄚ

ㄗㄥ ㄇㄨˇ ㄢˋ ㄕㄚ

Цзэнму Аньша

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³ ɐm³³ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³ ɐm³³ saː⁵⁵/

Partial calque of English James Shoal, circa 1947; cf. earlier term (曾姆灘)

James Shoal (submerged bank in the South China Sea)


祁連山

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Qilian is said to be as a Xiongnu word meaning "sky" according to Yan Shigu, a Tang Dynasty commentator on the Hanshu.

Qilian Mountain means 'Sky Mountain', the Xiongnu called the sky 'qilian'

Qílián Shān jí tiānshān yě, Xiōngnú hū tiān wèi qílián

祁連山即天山也，匈奴呼天為祁連

祁连山即天山也，匈奴呼天为祁连


祁連

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

Qilian is said to be as a Xiongnu word meaning "sky" according to Yan Shigu, a Tang Dynasty commentator on the Hanshu.
Further etymology uncertain:
* Chen (1998) proposes cognation with 天 (OC *hlin) and 赫連 (OC *khak-lian), transcriptions of a Xiongnu word for "sky", which he also relates to 昊天 (OC *g'ôg-hlin);
* Schuessler (2014) objects to Yan Shigu's statement that 祁連 was a Xiongnu word; he reconstructs 祁連's pronunciation around 121 BCE as *gɨ-lian and thinks that 乾 (OC *gran) (> QYS *gjän) "looks like the same etymon".

祁連山即天山也，匈奴呼天為祁連

祁连山即天山也，匈奴呼天为祁连

(～縣) Qilian (a county of Haibei, Qinghai, China)


本地治里

ㄅㄣˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄅㄣˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Puducherry (a union territory in southern India, consisting of four geographically separated exclaves of former French India, namely its capital, Karaikal, Yanam, and Mahe)

Puducherry, Pondicherry (the capital city of the union territory of Puducherry, India)


吉大港

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taːi̯²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taːi̯²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Chittagong District
Chittagong District#English

Chittagong (a city in the Chittagong District, Bangladesh)


泗水

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Sishui (a county of Jining, Shandong, China)

(～市) Surabaya (a city, the provincial capital of East Java, Indonesia)


棉蘭

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ län³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ län³⁵/

(～市) Medan (a city in North Sumatra, Indonesia)


萬隆

/wän⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² lʊŋ²¹/

/wän⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² lʊŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Indonesian Bandung, likely via Hakka.

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia)


聖淘沙

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰou̯²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰou̯²¹ saː⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Sentosa.


民禮

/min³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

/min³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

Binjai (a city in North Sumatra, Indonesia)


雙溪大年

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

Шуанси Данянь

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/


外南夢

/waɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay Blambangan, the city's former name.

Banyuwangi (a regency of East Java, Indonesia)

Banyuwangi (a town, the administrative capital of Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia)


巴東

→ English: Badong, Pa-tung

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Badong (a county of Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～市) Padang (a city, the capital city of West Sumatra, Indonesia)

(～區) Patong (beach and town on Phuket's west coast, Thailand)


北大年

ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

Borrowed from Thai ปัตตานี (bpàt-dtaa-nii), via Teochew.


柔佛

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/


吉蘭丹

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/


森美蘭

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

(～州) Negeri Sembilan (a state of Malaysia)


彭亨

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/


玻璃市

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Perlis.


登嘉樓

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Terengganu, replacing the unsavory connotations of the characters used in 丁加奴 (Dīngjiānú).


丁加奴

/tiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nu³⁵/

/tɪŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ nou̯²¹/

/teŋ³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ nɔ²³/

/teŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² nɔ²⁴/

/tiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nu³⁵/

/tɪŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ nou̯²¹/

/teŋ³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ nɔ²³/

/teŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² nɔ²⁴/

Alternative name for 登嘉樓／登嘉楼 (Dēngjiālóu).


納閩

/nä⁵¹ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 4, page 34:

Nányáng Yīng shǔ gè dì, chú Xiānggǎng, Yǎngguāng, Sàlāwǎ, Běimùniáng, Nàmǐn, Wénlái jì Àodàlìyà gè bù, zàn zhì bù lùn wài, qí guī Xīnjiāpō xúnfǔ tǒngxiá zhě, ruò Bīnlángyǔ, Máliùjiǎ, jiē quán shǔ Yīng zhě yě; ruò Báilà, Shílán'é, Fúróng, Pénghēng, jiē guī Yīng bǎohù zhě yě.

南洋英屬各地，除香港、仰光、薩拉瓦、北慕娘、納閩、文萊暨澳大利亞各埠，暫置不論外，其歸新嘉坡巡撫統轄者，若檳榔嶼、麻六甲，皆全屬英者也；若白蠟、石蘭莪、芙蓉、彭亨，皆歸英保護者也。

南洋英属各地，除香港、仰光、萨拉瓦、北慕娘、纳闽、文莱暨澳大利亚各埠，暂置不论外，其归新嘉坡巡抚统辖者，若槟榔屿、麻六甲，皆全属英者也；若白蜡、石兰莪、芙蓉、彭亨，皆归英保护者也。

(～島) Labuan (an island and federal territory of Malaysia)


布城

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Putrajaya (federal territory and administrative capital of Malaysia)

(obsolete or slang, Australia) Brisbane (a city, the state capital of Queensland, Australia)


沙撈越

/ʂä⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(Mainland China) Alternative name for 砂拉越 (Shālāyuè).


怡保

/i³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


新山

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/


亞庇

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay Api, Api-Api, the former names of the city. Api in the name may refer to mangroves. Compare Thai พีพี (pii-pii), name for the Phi Phi Islands which may be etymologically related.

(～市) Kota Kinabalu (a city, the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia)


莎亞南

/ʂä⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/


莎阿南

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～市) Shah Alam (a city, the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia)


亞羅士打

ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˇ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˇ

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ siː²² taː³⁵/

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ siː²² taː³⁵/


八打靈再也

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

Бадалин Цзайе

/pä⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


瓜拉登嘉樓

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

Гуала Дэнцзялоу

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

Kuala Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu#English

(～市) Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


瓜拉丁加奴

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄋㄨˊ

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄋㄨˊ

Гуала Динцзяну

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nu³⁵/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nu³⁵/

瓜拉登嘉樓 瓜拉登嘉樓#Chinese

瓜拉登嘉楼 瓜拉登嘉楼#Chinese

(obsolete) Alternative name for 瓜拉登嘉樓／瓜拉登嘉楼 (Guālā Dēngjiālóu).


三寶顏

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵ ŋaːn²¹/

/sam³³ po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan²⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵ ŋaːn²¹/

/sam³³ po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan²⁴/

From Central Sama Samboangan (“mooring place”) from samboang (“mooring pole”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), as attested in the Velarde Map (1734). A popular folk etymology may also attribute it to either Indonesian jambangan (“flower garden”) or Malay jambangan (“flower garden”) or Tausug jambangan (“flower garden”) from jambang (“flower pot”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), but this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s with the place being attested usually instead as "Samboangan".

suffix

(～市) Zamboanga City (a city in the Philippines)

(～省) any of the three provinces of the Zamboanga Peninsula

Zamboanga Peninsula
w:Zamboanga Peninsula

(～半島) Zamboanga Peninsula (a peninsula in the Philippines)

Province of Zamboanga
w:Zamboanga (province)

(historical) Province of Zamboanga (a former province of the Philippines)


檳榔嶼

/piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pin³³⁻²¹ naŋ²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³⁻³³ su³³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ nŋ̍²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pin³³⁻²¹ naŋ²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³⁻³³ su³³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ nŋ̍²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

c. 1840, Karl Gützlaff, 貿易通志; quoted in 魏源 [Wei Yuan], 海國圖志 [Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms], volume 6, 1849, page 16:

Cǐwài Málàjiǎ, Bīnlángyǔ děng chù, yì Yīngjílì gōngsī suǒ jù, ér màoyì yǒuxiàn, bùjí Xīnjiāpō sān fēn zhī yī.

此外麻剌甲、檳榔嶼等處，亦英吉利公司所據，而貿易有限，不及新嘉坡三分之一。

此外麻剌甲、槟榔屿等处，亦英吉利公司所据，而贸易有限，不及新嘉坡三分之一。

Binlang Islet (an islet of Lieyu, Kinmen County, Taiwan)


喬治市

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² siː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² siː¹³/

George Town (a city, the state capital of Penang, Malaysia)


坤甸

→ Indonesian: Khuntien, Kun Tian

→ English: Khuntien, Kun Tian

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ³⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ³⁵/

From Malay kuntilanak, a female vampiric ghost in Malaysian and Indonesian mythology, also the former name of the city.

(～市) Pontianak (a city, the provincial capital of West Kalimantan, Indonesia)


馬辰

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/maː¹³ sɐn²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/maː¹³ sɐn²¹/

South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan#English

(～市) Banjarmasin (a city, the provincial capital of South Kalimantan, Indonesia)


望加錫

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ sɛːk̚³/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ sɛːk̚³/

From Makasar Mangkasaraʼ or Malay Mengkasar.

(～市) Makassar (a city, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia)


萬鴉老

/wän⁵¹ jä⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² aː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/wän⁵¹ jä⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² aː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

(～市) Manado (a city, the provincial capital of North Sulawesi, Indonesia)


二連

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

二連浩特 二連浩特#Chinese

二连浩特 二连浩特#Chinese

short for 二連浩特／二连浩特 (Èrliánhàotè): Erenhot (a county-level city of Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)

二連浩特

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 二 (èr), 連 /连.


和林

/wɔː²¹ lɐm²¹/

/wɔː²¹ lɐm²¹/

哈拉和林 哈拉和林#Chinese


哈拉和林

ㄏㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄏㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ lɐm²¹/

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ lɐm²¹/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠣᠮ (qaraqorom).

Karakorum (former capital of the Mongol Empire)


大吉嶺

ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kɐt̚⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kɐt̚⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

Phono-semantic matching of English Darjeeling, from Tibetan རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང (rdo rje gling).

der

རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང


康定

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～市) Kangding (a county-level city of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)

Emperor Renzong of Song
w:Emperor Renzong of Song

(historical) Kangding era of the Song dynasty (the period of time during which Emperor Renzong of Song reigned; 1040–1041)


麻坡

/mä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/mũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po³³/

/mä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/mũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po³³/


居鑾

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

Kluang (a town in Kluang district, Johor, Malaysia)


豐盛港

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Changed from the former name 茂盛港 (“Mersing”), which is a phono-semantic matching of Malay Mersing (using 茂盛) + 港 (“port”).


斗湖

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

Tawau (the district capital of Tawau district, Sabah, Malaysia)


加影

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/


羅勇

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ jʊŋ¹³/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ jʊŋ¹³/


清萊

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

Borrowed from Thai เชียงราย (chiiang-raai), via Teochew.

(～府) Chiang Rai (a province of Thailand)


日惹

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² jɛː¹³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² jɛː¹³/

(～市) Yogyakarta (a city, the provincial capital of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)


康保

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

From 康巴諾爾／康巴诺尔 (Kāngbā Nuò'ěr), the name of a lake in the county's south, which is in turn from Mongolian [script needed] (kang-ba, “beautiful”) + ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (naɣur, “lake”).

zh-l

康巴諾爾／康巴诺尔 (Kāngbā Nuò'ěr)

der

(～縣) Kangbao (a county of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


商都

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu [script needed] (šang-du?, “whirlpool”), describing the appearance of the Budong River as it joins the lake 察汗淖爾／察汗淖尔.

bor

(～縣) Shangdu County (a county of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


昌圖

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

From Mongolian [script needed] (chang-tu e-r-ke / 常突額爾克, “frost-covered cliff”); compare Mongolian ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤᠬᠤ (čangtuqu, “covered with frost”) and ᠡᠷᠭᠢ (ergi, “shore, brink, precipice”).

cog

(～縣) Changtu (a county of Tieling, Liaoning, China)


舒蘭

/ʂu⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ län³⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡧᡠᠯᡥᡝ (šulhe, “pear; fruit”).

(～市) Shulan (a county-level city of Jilin City, Jilin, China)


雙陽

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠨ (suwan), from ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠶᠠᠨ (suwayan, “yellow”), in reference to the yellowish appearance of the Shuangyang River flowing in the area.

(～區) Shuangyang District, Changchun, Jilin, China

(～鄉) Shuangyang (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


寶清

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Took its name from the Baoqing River to the south of the town, which was a loanword from Mongolian ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ (bečin, “monkey”) or Manchu ᠪᠣᠴᡳᡥᡝ (bocihe, “ugly”).

(～縣) Baoqing County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Baoqing Town (a town in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang, China)


集賢

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Jixian County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Jixian Town (a town in Shaanxi, China)

(～鄉) Jixian Township (a township in Sichuan, China)

short for 集賢殿書院／集贤殿书院 (“Academy of Gathered Worthies”)


綏稜

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

Named after the Suileng Mountain (綏楞山／绥楞山) in its north, derived from Manchu ᠰᡠᡳᠯᠠᠨ (suilan, “hornet”).

(～縣) Suileng County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)


江孜

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྒྱལ་རྩེ (rgyal rtse).

(～縣) Gyantse (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～鎮) Gyantse (a town in Gyantse County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


江達

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan འཇོ་མདའ ('jo mda').

(～縣) Jomda (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


萬榮

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/


萬榮

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/

(～縣) Wanrong (a county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)

(～鄉) Wanrong (a mountain indigenous township in Hualien County, Taiwan)


豐沙里

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Lao ຜົ້ງສາລີ (phong sā lī).

Phongsali (a town, the capital of Phongsali province, Laos)


豐沙灣

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Lao ໂພນສະຫວັນ (phōn sa huan).


華富里

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ

/xu̯ä³⁵ fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ fuː³³ lei̯¹³/

/xu̯ä³⁵ fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ fuː³³ lei̯¹³/


佛統

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

(～府) Nakhon Pathom (a province of Thailand)

(～市) Nakhon Pathom (a city in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand)


春蓬

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/


春武里

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ mou̯¹³ lei̯¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ mou̯¹³ lei̯¹³/

Borrowed from Thai ชลบุรี (chon-bù-rii).


洛浦

→ English: Lo-p'u, Luopu

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Lop, Luopu (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Lop, Luopu (a town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


賀蘭山

/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔː²² laːn²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔː²² laːn²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

The name 賀蘭山 is attested in the Book of Sui [636 CE].

Helan Mountains (an isolated desert mountain range forming the border of Inner Mongolia's Alxa League and Ningxia)


安集延

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

(～州) Andijan Region (a region of Uzbekistan)


延吉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (延吉):
* → Korean: 연길(延吉) (Yeon'gil)

→ Korean: 옌지 (Yenji)

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

From earlier 煙集崗／烟集岗 (Yānjígǎng), further etymology unknown.

zh-l

煙集崗／烟集岗 (Yānjígǎng)

(～市) Yanji (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


凱里

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

(～市) Kaili (a county-level city of Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou, China)

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Carey


滿地寶

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phono-semantic matching of English Port Moody.

psm

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Port Moody (a city in British Columbia, Canada)


高貴林

ㄍㄠ ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄍㄠ ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of English Coquitlam.

Coquitlam (a city in British Columbia, Canada)


景洪

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

(～市) Jinghong (a county-level city of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China)


畹町

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥒ (wän teng, “the sun shining overhead”).

bor

(～鎮) Wanding (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～市) (historical) Wanding (a former county-level city of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, now part of Ruili City)


隴川

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/


高黎貢山

ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄢ

ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄢ

Гаолигун Шань

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ kʊŋ³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ kʊŋ³³ saːn⁵⁵/


哀牢山

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lou̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lou̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/


思茅

/sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ maːu̯²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ maːu̯²¹/

(～區) Simao (a district of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)

(～街道) Simao (a subdistrict of Simao district, Pu'er, Yunnan, China)

(～市, formerly ～縣) Old name for 普洱 (Pǔ'ěr, “Pu'er (city)”).


騰衝

→ English: T'eng-ch'ung, Tengchong

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Tengchong (a county-level city of Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


洱源

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/


漠河

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² hɔː²¹/

Partial calque of Manchu ᠮᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (mo bira).

pcal

(～市, formerly ～縣) Mohe (a county-level city and former county of Heilongjiang, China)


左權

→ English: Tsochuan, Zuoquan

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kʰyːn²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kʰyːn²¹/

Named after Chinese Red Army general 左權 (Zuo Quan) (1905-1942) in 1942.

(～縣) Zuoquan (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


黃驊

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ waː²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ waː²¹/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Huanghua (a county-level city and former county of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)


靖宇

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² jyː¹³/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² jyː¹³/

Named after Chinese Communist Party military leader 楊靖宇.


文成

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

Named after 劉伯溫, whose posthumous name is 文成.


徐匯

/ɕy³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/t͡sʰi¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/t͡sʰi²³⁻³³ hue³³/

/ʑi²² ɦue⁴⁴/

/ɕy³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/t͡sʰi¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/t͡sʰi²³⁻³³ hue³³/

/ʑi²² ɦue⁴⁴/

After 徐家匯／徐家汇 (Xújiāhuì); a locality within the district.

zh-l

徐家匯／徐家汇 (Xújiāhuì)

(～區) Xuhui (a district of Shanghai, China)


太康

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Tai Kang (third king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


太康

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) Chinese era name from the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin (280–289) or Emperor Daozong of Liao (1075–1084)


太康

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Taikang (a county of Zhoukou, Henan, China)


志丹

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

Named after Chinese military commander 劉志丹 (Liu Zhidan) in 1936.

named-after

(～縣) Zhidan (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


吳起

/u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ hei̯³⁵/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ hei̯³⁵/

Named after Chinese military leader, philosopher, and politician 吳起 (Wu Qi) (440-381 BC).

named-after

(～縣) Wuqi (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


山景城

/ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ kɪŋ³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ kɪŋ³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Calque of English Mountain View + 城 (chéng, “city”).

(～市) Mountain View (a city in California, United States)


鹿特丹

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² tɐk̚² taːn⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² tɐk̚² taːn⁵⁵/

Rotterdam (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


斯海爾托亨博斯

ㄙ ㄏㄞˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄥ ㄅㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄙ ㄏㄞˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄥ ㄅㄛˊ ㄙ

Сыхайэртохэнбосы

/sz̩⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ jiː¹³ tʰɔːk̚³ hɐŋ⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/


烏特勒支

/u⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

Utrecht (a city and municipality, the capital of Utrecht province, Netherlands)


奈梅亨

/naɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/


馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄏㄜˋ ㄊㄜˋ

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄏㄜˋ ㄊㄜˋ

Масытэлихэтэ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/


茲沃勒

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/


阿默斯福特

ㄚ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙ ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄚ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙ ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄜˋ

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ fu³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ fu³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


布雷達

/pu⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ tä³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ tä³⁵/


戴芬特

/taɪ̯⁵¹ fən⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ fən⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


埃因霍芬

ㄞ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄣ

ㄞ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄣ

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹ fən⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹ fən⁵⁵/


赫伊曾

/xɤ⁵¹ i⁵⁵ t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ i⁵⁵ t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/


馬格德堡

ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Magdeburg (the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)


卡塞爾

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


科布倫茨

ㄎㄜ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄘˊ

ㄎㄜ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄘˊ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


巴登巴登

/pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/


維爾茨堡

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄘˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄘˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


呂貝克

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/


阿斯曼斯豪森

ㄚ ㄙ ㄇㄢˋ ㄙ ㄏㄠˊ ㄙㄣ

ㄚ ㄙ ㄇㄢˋ ㄙ ㄏㄠˊ ㄙㄣ

Асыманьсыхаосэнь

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ män⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ män⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯³⁵ sən⁵⁵/


曼海姆

/män⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/män⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


海德堡

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/


魏恩海姆

ㄨㄟˋ ㄣ ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄨㄟˋ ㄣ ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄨˇ

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ˀən⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ˀən⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


羅騰堡

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄥˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄥˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Rothenburg ob der Tauber


卡爾卡松

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄥ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄥ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/


奧爾良

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orléans (a city, the capital of Loiret department, France; the regional capital of Centre-Val de Loire)


巴塞爾

/pä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


因斯布魯克

ㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/in⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/in⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/


格拉茨

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Graz (the capital city of Styria, Austria)


克賴斯特徹奇

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄞˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄔㄜˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄞˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄔㄜˋ ㄑㄧˊ

Кэлайсытэчэци

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ laɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Alternative name for 基督城 (Jīdūchéng, “Christchurch”).


雷丁

/leɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/


宇文

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/jyː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/u⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/u⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/u⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/jyː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/u⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/u⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/u⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/


外興安嶺

ㄨㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

ㄨㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

Вайсинъаньлин

/waɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


華爾街

/xu̯ä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ jiː¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²³⁻³³ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ jiː¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²³⁻³³ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/


普林斯頓

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Пулиньсыдунь

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lɐm²¹ siː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lɐm²¹ siː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/


布萊克浦

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄆㄨˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄆㄨˇ

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


繁峙

/fän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(～縣) Fanshi (a county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China)


筠連

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Junlian County (a county of Sichuan, China)


穆稜

/mʊk̚² lɪŋ²¹/

/mʊk̚² lɪŋ²¹/

Named after the nearby Muling River (穆稜河), from Manchu ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ (morin, “horse”) + 河 (hé, “river”).

(～市) Muling (a county-level city of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China)


鉛山

/jɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Yanshan County
w:Yanshan County, Jiangxi

(～縣) Yanshan County (a county of Jiangxi, China)


樂清

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Yueqing (a county-level city of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


任丘

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² jɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Renqiu (a county-level city of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)


任縣

/ʐən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʐən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Ren County (a former county of Hebei, China; now Renze district, Xingtai, Hebei)


莘縣

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Shen County (a county of Shandong, China)


犍為

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Qianwei County (a county of Leshan, Sichuan, China)


樅陽

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zongyang (a county of Tongling, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Zongyang (a town in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)


歙縣

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

She County (a county of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


蔚縣

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yu County (a county of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


黃陂

→ English: Huangpi, Huang-pei

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Huangpi (a district and former county of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


吳堡

/u³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/u³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ pou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Wubu (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


監利

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

(～縣) Jianli (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


泌陽

/pi⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/pi⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚² jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Biyang (a county of Zhumadian, Henan, China)


滎經

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yingjing County (a county of Sichuan, China)


濬縣

/ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


渦陽

/ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Guoyang (a county of Bozhou, Anhui, China)


黃鶴樓

ja-r

黄鶴楼(こうかくろう) (Kōkakurō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃鶴樓):
* → Japanese: 黄鶴楼(こうかくろう) (Kōkakurō)
* → Korean: 황학루(黃鶴樓) (Hwanghangnu)
* → Vietnamese: Hoàng Hạc Lâu (黃鶴樓)

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄡˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

You have left me behind, old friend, at the Yellow Crane Terrace,
On your way to visit Yangzhou in the misty month of flowers.

circa 730, 李白 (Li Bai), 黃鶴樓送孟浩然之廣陵 (A Farewell to Meng Haoran on his Way to Yangzhou)

Gùrén xī cí Huánghèlóu, yānhuā sānyuè xià Yángzhōu.

故人西辭黃鶴樓，煙花三月下揚州。

故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。

(～街道) Huanghelou (a subdistrict of Wuchang district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


滕王閣

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/tʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koʔ²/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/tʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koʔ²/


中關村

Чжунгуаньцунь

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

Zhongguancun (technology hub in Haidian District, Beijing, China)


百憂解

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚³ jɐu̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚³ jɐu̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Prozac.

psm

Prozac (tradename for fluoxetine, an antidepressant)


阿迪達斯

/ˀä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ tä³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪk̚² taːt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ tä³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪk̚² taːt̚² siː⁵⁵/


空中客車

ㄎㄨㄥ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄎㄜˋ ㄔㄜ

ㄎㄨㄥ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄎㄜˋ ㄔㄜ

Кунчжун Кэчэ

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ haːk̚³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ haːk̚³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

空中客車公司 空中客車公司#Chinese

(official, Mainland China) Airbus
used in Airbus China／空中客車公司


空客

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

空中客車 空中客車#Chinese

空中客车 空中客车#Chinese

short for 空中客車／空中客车 (Kōngzhōng Kèchē, “Airbus”)


匯豐

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵/


依雲

/jiː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/

埃維昂萊班 埃維昂萊班#Chinese

埃维昂莱班 埃维昂莱班#Chinese

Alternative name for 埃維昂萊班／埃维昂莱班 (“Évian-les-Bains (commune in France)”).


萬寶路

/wän⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of English Marlboro.


克虜伯

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/


干邑

/kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐp̚⁵/

/kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐp̚⁵/

Borrowed from English cognac, via Cantonese.


比堅尼

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni³⁵/


西冷

/ɕi⁵⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Serang (a city, the provincial capital of Banten, Indonesia)


健力士

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kiːn²² lɪk̚² siː²²/

/ken³² let̚³² ɬu³²⁻³²⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kiːn²² lɪk̚² siː²²/

/ken³² let̚³² ɬu³²⁻³²⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Guinness.

Guinness World Records
w:Guinness World Records

(Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore) Guinness (Guinness World Records)


普京

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́тин (Pútin), Putin


賓利

/pɐn⁵⁵ lei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lei̯²²⁻³⁵/

(automotive) Bentley (a British car maker and brand)


金鐘

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡soŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡soŋ²¹/

Named after the gold-coloured bell used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks in the area.

Admiralty (an Admiralty place Hong Kong)


藍田

→ English: Lam Tin, Lantian, Lantien

/län³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/län³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

; "Lantian, Shaanxi"
; "Lam Tin, Kwun Tong district, Hong Kong"

(～縣) Lantian (a county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)

(～街道) Lantian (a subdistrict of Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan, China)

Lam Tin (an area of Kwun Tong district, Hong Kong)

(～村) Lam Tin Tsuen (a village in Kwai Tsing district, New Territories, Hong Kong, on Tsing Yi Island)


觀塘

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

From the homophonous 官塘 (“Mandarin ponds”); previously known as 官璫／官珰.

(～區) Kwun Tong District (a district of Hong Kong)


油麻地

desc

→ English: Yau Ma Tei, Yaumatei, Yaumati

/joʊ̯³⁵ mä³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ maː²¹ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ɦiɤ²² mo⁵⁵ di²¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ mä³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ maː²¹ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ɦiɤ²² mo⁵⁵ di²¹/

Yau Ma Tei (an area of Kowloon, Hong Kong)


荃灣

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

From 淺灣／浅湾 (literally “shallow bay”), which is attested in 粵大記 [1595].

(～區) Tsuen Wan District (a district of Hong Kong)


中環

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waːn²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɡue²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waːn²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɡue²¹/

(metonymic, often in contrast with 西環) Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

(～路, ～道) Middle Ring Road (in many cities)


柴灣

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

Chai Wan (an area of Eastern district, Hong Kong)


銅鑼灣

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄢ

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄢ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn²¹/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ³³/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn²¹/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ³³/

Causeway Bay (an area of Wan Chai district, Hong Kong)

(historical) Tongluowan (now Tongluo Township, Miaoli, Taiwan)


灣仔

/wän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/wän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

Wan Chai (an area of Wan Chai district, Hong Kong)

Wan Tsai (a place in Sai Kung district, Hong Kong)

(～街道) Wanzai (a subdistrict of Xiangzhou district, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China)


東涌

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dongchong (a town in Nansha district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Dongchong (a town in Chengqu district, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


將軍澳

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵ ou̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵ ou̯³³/


屯門

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ mən³⁵/

/dən²² mən⁴⁴/

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ mən³⁵/

/dən²² mən⁴⁴/

(～區) Tuen Mun District (a district of Hong Kong)


天水圍

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄨㄟˊ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄨㄟˊ

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ wɐi̯²¹/


元朗

/ɥɛn³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

/ɥɛn³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

Originally written as 圓蓢, then as 元塱 and finally as 元朗.

(～區) Yuen Long District (a district of Hong Kong)


沙田

→ English: Sha Tin

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

Sha Tin (a place in the New Territories, Hong Kong)

(～鎮) Shatian Town (various towns in China)

(～鎮) Shatian (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)

(～鄉) Shatian (a township in Ningxiang, Changsha, Hunan, China)

(～村) Shatian (a village in Rong County, Guangxi, China)


查理曼

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹/


我孫子

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Abiko (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 我孫子, Abiko


烏蘇里斯克

ㄨ ㄙㄨ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄨ ㄙㄨ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

/u⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/u⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Russian Уссури́йск (Ussuríjsk).

bor+

Ussuriysk (a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia)


雙城子

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

Calque of Manchu ᠵᡠᡵᡠ
ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (juru hoton, “two cities”).


哈巴羅夫斯克

ㄏㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄏㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Хабалофусыкэ

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ fu⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ fu⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Khabarovsk (a city, the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)


赤塔

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tʰaːp̚³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tʰaːp̚³/

Phono-semantic matching of Russian Чита́ f inan (Čitá, “Chita”), from Tungusic.

psm

Chita (a city, the administrative centre of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)


桃源

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰo¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰo¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

(～區, formerly ～鄉) Taoyuan (a district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, formerly a rural township)

(～縣) Taoyuan County (a county of Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Taoyuan (a township in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


光澤

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡saːk̚²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡saːk̚²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

(～縣) Guangze (a county of Nanping, Fujian, China)


杏林

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² lɐm²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² lɐm²¹/

From the story of the famed physician Dong Feng [3ʳᵈ c. CE], who refused to accept payments from his patients, and instead asked patients successfully cured of ailments to plant apricot trees. A forest of apricot trees came to surround his home as a testament to his skill.

defdate

3ʳᵈ c. <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

(～鎮) Xinglin Town (several townships in China)

(～鎮) Xinglin (a town in Fufeng, Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


太和

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔː²¹/

Tai Wo (an area of Tai Po district, Hong Kong)

(～縣) Taihe (a county of Fuyang, Anhui, China)

(～區) Taihe District (a district of Jinzhou, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Taihe Town (one of several towns in China)

(～鎮) Taihe (a town in Liangzihu district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)

土家族鄉 土家族鄉#Chinese

(～鄉, ～土家族鄉) Taihe (a township in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


石門

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² muːn²¹/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² muːn²¹/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

(～市) (obsolete) Alternative name for 石家莊／石家庄 (Shíjiāzhuāng, “Shijiazhuang”).

(～區) Shimen, Shihmen (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～縣) Shimen County (a county of Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Shimen Town (name of several towns in China)

(～里) Shimen (an urban village in Shimen district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)


無極

/u³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

(～縣) Wuji (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


馬龍

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Malong County (a county of Yunnan, China)


富川

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

～瑤族自治縣 富川瑤族自治縣#Chinese

Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County
w:Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County (a county of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Phú Xuyên District (a district of Vietnam)


天安

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/


忠清南道

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

Чжунциннаньдао

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

South Chungcheong Province
w:South Chungcheong Province

South Chungcheong Province (a province of South Korea)


忠清北道

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Чжунцинбэйдао

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

North Chungcheong Province
w:North Chungcheong Province

North Chungcheong Province (a province of South Korea)


羅先

→ English: Luoxian

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

(～特別市, ～市) Rasŏn (a city in North Korea)


南浦

/nän³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～特別市, ～市) Nampo (a city in North Korea)


新義州

→ English: Xinyizhou

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Sinuiju (the capital city of North Pyongan Province, North Korea)

特別行政區 特別行政區#Chinese

(～特別行政區) Sinuiju (a special administrative region of North Korea)


平城

ja-r

平城(へいじょう) (Heijō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (平城):
* → Japanese: 平城(へいじょう) (Heijō)

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Pyongsong (a city in South Pyongan Province, North Korea)

(～縣) (historical) Pingcheng County (a county during the Han and Northern Wei dynasties, located around modern-day Datong, Shanxi, China)


安州

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～區) Anzhou (a district of Mianyang, Sichuan, China)


順川

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/


德川

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 徳川(とくがわ) (Tokugawa).

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 徳川, Tokugawa

… and the thought of many Tokugawa Zhuzi scholars was prioritizing "filial piety" before "loyalty".

2004, 張崑將, 德川日本「忠」「孝」槪念的形成與發展：以兵學與陽明學為中心, page 228

[... ] érqiě xǔduō Déchuān Zhūzǐ xuézhě de sīwéi yì shì “xiào” bǐ “zhōng” yōuxiān.

[…]而且許多德川朱子學者的思維亦是「孝」比「忠」優先。

[…]而且许多德川朱子学者的思维亦是「孝」比「忠」优先。

The peaceful golden age of Tokugawa and the rise of Confucianism has greatly changed military thought and how the military should be used.

2009, 吳偉明 (Benjamin Wai-ming Ng), 《易學對德川日本的影響》 (The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture), page 140

Déchuān de hépíng shèngshì yǔ rúxué de xīngqǐ, dàdà gǎibiàn jūnshì sīxiǎng jí qí yùnyòng.

德川的和平盛世與儒學的興起，大大改變軍事思想及其運用。

德川的和平盛世与儒学的兴起，大大改变军事思想及其运用。

About the foreign policy of Japan in the early Tokugawa period, some scholars believe that the Tokugawa regime continued Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ideology of military invasion; even though the extent has considerably lessened, the basic direction of "military diplomacy" has not changed on a fundamental level.

2019, 王来特 (Wang Laite), 来而不往的“互市”：德川初期中日贸易模式的构建 (The Establishment of Sino-Japanese Trade Pattern in the Early Tokugawa Period), in the Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), volume 34, issue 2, page 114

Guānyú Déchuān chūqī Rìběn de duìwài zhèngcè, yībùfēn xuézhě rènwèi, Déchuān zhèngquán yánxù le Fēngchén Xiùjí de wǔlì wàizhēng lǐniàn, suīrán chéngdù pōyǒu jiǎnqīng, dàn qí “wǔwēi wàijiāo” de jīběn lùxiàn bìng wú gēnběn biànhuà.

關於德川初期日本的對外政策，一部分學者認為，德川政權延續了豐臣秀吉的武力外征理念，雖然程度頗有減輕，但其「武威外交」的基本路線並無根本變化。

关于德川初期日本的对外政策，一部分学者认为，德川政权延续了丰臣秀吉的武力外征理念，虽然程度颇有减轻，但其「武威外交」的基本路线并无根本变化。


德川

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 덕천 (德川, Deokcheon).

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/


江界

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/


滿浦

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


熙川

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/


清津

→ English: Qingjin

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～市) Chongjin (a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


金策

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/


會寧

→ English: Huining, Hui-ning

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²² nɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²² nɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Hoeryong, Hoeryŏng (a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)

(～縣) Huining (a county of Baiyin, Gansu, China)


咸興

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/haːm²¹ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/haːm²¹ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Hamhung (provincial capital of South Hamgyong, North Korea)


端川

/tu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/


新浦

/ɕin⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕin⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


惠山

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² saːn⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Huishan District (a district of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China)


開城

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～特別市, ～市) Kaesong (a city in North Korea)


松林

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ lin³⁵/


海州

→ English: Haizhou

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Haeju (a city in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea)

(～區) Haizhou (a district of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China)

(～區) Haizhou (a district of Fuxin, Liaoning, China)


元山

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/


文川

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/


咸鏡南道

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

Сяньцзиннаньдао

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

South Hamgyong Province
w:South Hamgyong Province

South Hamgyong Province (a province of North Korea)


咸鏡北道

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Сяньцзинбэйдао

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

North Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


平安北道

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄢ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄢ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Пинъаньбэйдао

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

North Pyongan, North Phyongan (a province of North Korea)


平安南道

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

Пинъаньнаньдао

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

South Pyongan Province
w:South Pyongan Province

South Pyongan Province (a province of North Korea)


黃海北道

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Хуанхайбэйдао

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

North Hwanghae Province
w:North Hwanghae Province

North Hwanghae Province (a province of North Korea)


黃海南道

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

Хуанхайнаньдао

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

South Hwanghae Province
w:South Hwanghae Province

South Hwanghae Province (a province of North Korea)


慈江道

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

Chagang Province (a province of North Korea)


兩江道

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄠˋ

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lœːŋ¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lœːŋ¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

Ryanggang Province (a province of North Korea)


沙里院

/ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

Borrowed from Korean 사리원(沙里院) (sariwon).


价川

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/


弗洛伊德

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧ ㄉㄜˊ

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ i⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ i⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

A transliteration of the German surname Freud

Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist, psychotherapist, and founder of psychoanalysis.

A transliteration of the English surname Floyd


三貂角

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ tiːu̯⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ tiːu̯⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

From Spanish Santiago + 角 (jiǎo, “cape”).


西沙群島

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄚ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄚ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Сиша Цюньдао

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/


圖們

Sino-Xenic (圖們):
* → Korean: 도문(圖們) (Domun)

→ English: Tumen, T'u-men

→ Korean: 투먼 (Tumeon)

/tʰu³⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ mən³⁵/

Short for Manchu ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ
ᠰᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ (tumen sekiyen, “ten thousand + river source”). Related to Chinese 萬／万 (wàn, “ten thousand”); see there for more.

bor

ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ ᠰᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ

(～江) Tumen, Tuman (a river forming part of the border between Jilin, China and North Korea, and the border between Rasŏn, North Korea and Khasansky district, Primorsky Krai, Russia)

(～市) Tumen (a county-level city of Yanbian, Jilin, China)


塔里木

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ lei̯¹³ mʊk̚²/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)⁵ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ lei̯¹³ mʊk̚²/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)⁵ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

～盆地 塔里木盆地#Chinese

(～河) Tarim River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Tarim, Talimu (a township in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Tarim, Talimu (a township in Kuqa, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Tarim, Talimu (a township in Xayar, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雅魯藏布

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄤˋ ㄅㄨˋ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄤˋ ㄅㄨˋ

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔːŋ²² pou̯³³/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔːŋ²² pou̯³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཡར་ཀླུངས་གཙང་པོ (yar klungs gtsang po).

ཡར་ཀླུངས་གཙང་པོ

(～江) Yarlung Tsangpo (a river in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


閩江

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/maiŋ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/ban²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/maiŋ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/ban²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/


龍井

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sẽ⁴¹/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sĩ⁵³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sẽ⁴¹/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sĩ⁵³/

(～市) Longjing (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)

(～區) Longjing (a district of Taichung, Taiwan)

(～村) Longjing Village (tea-producing place in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China)


雙溪

From earlier 頂雙溪／顶双溪 (Téng-siang-khe), originally referring to the area around the confluence of the Pinglin River (平林溪) and Mudan River (牡丹溪).

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai̯²⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰue⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰue⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰue⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰue⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai̯²⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰue⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰue⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰue⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰue⁴⁴/

(～區) Shuangxi (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)


臥龍

/wɔ⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

(historical) Alternative name for 諸葛亮/诸葛亮 (“Zhuge Liang”).

自然保護區 自然保護區#Chinese

特別行政區 特別行政區#Chinese

(～自然保護區, ～特別行政區) Wolong National Nature Reserve (panda reserve in Sichuan province, China)

(～區) Wolong (a district of Nanyang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Wolong (a town in Xiangcheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Wolong Town (name of several towns in China)


開陽

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Kaiyang County (a county of Guizhou, China)


靈山

/liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lingshan County (a county of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Lingshan Town (name of several towns in China)

Ling Mountain (name of several mountains in China)

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 靈鷲山／灵鹫山 (Língjiùshān, “Vulture Peak”).


祥雲

/ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ yn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ yn³⁵/

(～縣) Xiangyun County (a county of Yunnan, China)


鍾山

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Alternative name for 紫金山 (Zǐjīnshān, “Purple Mountain”).

(～縣) Zhongshan (a county of Hezhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


濠江

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

(dated or literary) Alternative name for 澳門／澳门 (Àomén, “Macau”).

(～區) Haojiang District (district in Shantou, Guangdong province, China)


廣南

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Guangnan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～國) (historical) Đàng Trong (territory ruled by the Nguyễn lords)

(historical) (～路) Guangnan (a short-lived circuit in the early Song dynasty, which corresponded to the territory of Southern Han territory after it was annexed by Song in 971 CE, and was split into Guangnan East and Guangnan West circuits in 997 CE)


中大

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/

; “Zhongda, Xingang, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”
; “Zhongda, Manchun, Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China”

(Mainland China) short for 中山大學／中山大学 (Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”)

中山大學

(Hong Kong) short for 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”)

香港中文大學

(Taiwan) short for 國立中央大學／国立中央大学 (Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”)

國立中央大學

(～社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Xingang, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, where the South Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University is located)

(～社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Manchun, Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


老街

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

(～市) Lào Cai (a city in Lào Cai Province, Vietnam)

(～市) Laukkai (the capital city of Kokang, Shan, Myanmar)

(～鎮) Laojie Town (name of several townships in China)


古鎮

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

(～鎮) Guzhen (town in Zhongshan, Guangdong province, China)


連山

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

～壯族瑤族自治縣 連山壯族瑤族自治縣#Chinese

w:Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County

(～壯族瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County (a county of Guangdong, China)

(～區) Lianshan District (district of Huludao, Liaoning province, China)

(historical) Lianshan (one of the three major divinatory texts in ancient China)


三元

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～區) Sanyuan (a district of Sanming, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Sanyuan Town (name of several towns and townships in China)

(～村) Sanyuan (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


中巴

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ pa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pa⁵⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ pa̠³³/

/t͡sən³³ pa̠³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ pa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pa⁵⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ pa̠³³/

/t͡sən³³ pa̠³³/

中華巴士 w:zh:中華巴士

中华巴士 w:zh:中华巴士

(Hong Kong) short for 中華巴士 /中华巴士 (“China Motor Bus; CMB, former bus operator and current real-estate developer in Hong Kong”)


華西

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

Western China, especially the areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Sichuan province

(～村) Huaxi Village (village in Huashi, Jiangyin, Jiangsu province, China)


華西

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huaxi (a town in Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


雙峰

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Shuangfeng County (a county of Hunan, China)


吉米

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mɐi̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mɐi̯¹³/

A transliteration of the English male given name diminutive Jimmy or Jimmie


吉米

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mɐi̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mɐi̯¹³/

(～鎮) Jimi Town (town in Ganluo, Sichuan province, China)


江華

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

～瑤族自治縣 江華瑤族自治縣#Chinese

Jianghua Yao Autonomous County
w:Jianghua Yao Autonomous County

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Jianghua Yao Autonomous County (a county of Hunan, China)

(～郡) Ganghwa County (a county of South Korea)

(～島) Ganghwa Island (an island of South Korea)


白馬

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

(～市) Kep (the provincial capital of Kep Province, Cambodia)

(～市) Whitehorse (a city in Yukon, Canada)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Lishui district, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Gaogang district, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Pujiang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Dancheng, Zhoukou, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Beiliu, Yulin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Wulong district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Miyi, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Anju district, Suining, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Shizhong district, Neijiang, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Shizhong district, Leshan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Dongpo district, Meishan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Baima (a town in Xuanhan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Baima (a township in Yixian, Baoding, Hebei, China)

(～鄉) Baima (a township in the Guang'an District, Guang'an, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Baima (a township in Xichang, Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Baima (a township in Huachi, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

(～鄉) Baima (a township in Zhongning, Zhongwei, Ningxia autonomous region, China)

(～村) Baima (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～雪山) Baima Snow Mountain (a mountain in Yunnan, China)


石林

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lin³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lɐm²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lin³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lɐm²¹/

雲南石林 雲南石林#Chinese

云南石林 云南石林#Chinese

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Shilin (a Yi autonomous county in Kunming, Yunnan, China)


澤蘭

/t͡sɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚²⁴⁻² lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lan²³/

/t͡sɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚²⁴⁻² lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lan²³/


鮑爾

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

A transliteration of the English surname Bauer

A transliteration of the English surname Powell

A transliteration of the English surname Ball

A transliteration of the English surname Bower


香農

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname and unisex given name Shannon


霍納

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/


雪山

→ English: Hsuehshan, Syueshan, Xueshan

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/se(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/se(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

Xueshan, Syueshan, Hsuehshan (the 2nd-tallest mountain in Taiwan)

(～山脈) Xueshan Range, surrounding the mountain

(historical) former name of 玉山 (Yùshān) (mountain on Taiwan Island)


英皇

/iŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

short for 女英 (Nǚyīng) + 娥皇 (Éhuáng): “two daughters of Emperor Yao”


綽爾

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～河) Chol River, tributary of the Nen River located in Inner Mongolia


昌黎

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Changli (a county of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China)

(～郡) (historical) Changli Commandery (ancient commandery in present-day Liaoning province, China)

(～縣) (historical) Changli County (seat of the ancient Changli Commandery)


沙地

/saː⁵⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

(～鄉) Shadi (a township in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


沙地

沙地阿拉伯 沙地阿拉伯#Chinese

(Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia) short for 沙地阿拉伯 (Shādì Ālābó, “Saudi Arabia”)


上環

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯än³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² waːn²¹/

/zɑ̃²² ɡue⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯än³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² waːn²¹/

/zɑ̃²² ɡue⁴⁴/

Central and Western
Central and Western#English

Sheung Wan (an area of Central and Western district, Hong Kong)


津市

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ siː¹³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ siː¹³/

(～市) Jinshi (a county-level city of Changde, Hunan, China)


洞口

/tʊŋ⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰuŋ⁵⁵ heu̯³¹/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰuŋ⁵⁵ heu̯³¹/

(～縣) Dongkou County (a county of Hunan, China)


法蘭西島

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄠˇ

Фаланьси Дао

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

administrative region
administrative region

Île-de-France (an administrative region in north-central France, including Paris)


廣州灣

→ French: Kouang-Tchéou-Wan

→ English: Kwangchowan

→ English: Guangzhouwan

Гуанчжоувань

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

Guangzhouwan, formerly Kwangchowan (region in Guangdong which is now Zhanjiang)


高密

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

(～市) Gaomi (a county-level city of Weifang, Shandong, China)


/ʂʐ̩³⁵ i⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ i⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

In the anime Code Geass, Japan was the 11th colony.


A站

/ˀeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/ˀeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

(informal) AcFun (Chinese video website)


B站

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

Compare A站 (ēi-zhàn), C站 (sèi-zhàn), N站 (ēn-zhàn), and P站 (pī-zhàn).

(informal) Bilibili (Chinese video website)


N站

/ˀən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

/ˀən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

Compare A站 (ēi-zhàn), B站 (Bì-zhàn), C站 (sèi-zhàn), and P站 (pī-zhàn).

(informal) Niconico (Japanese video website)


平海

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Pinghai (a town in Huidong, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Pinghai (a town in Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


輪臺

/lu̯ən³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/lɵn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/lu̯ən³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/lɵn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

Book of Han
Discourses on Salt and Iron
Records of the Grand Historian

Transcription of a place name in a foreign language, which was transcribed as 侖頭 (OC *run doː) in the Treatise on the Dayuan (大宛列傳) of the Records of the Grand Historian.
The name 輪臺 is attested in the famous Edict of Luntai by Emperor Wu of Han, recorded in the Book of Han. It is also attested in the Discourses on Salt and Iron (鹽鐵論 (Yán Tiě Lùn)) and Xin Xu (新序 (Xīnxù)).

(～縣) Luntai (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(historical) a place located in present-day Luntai county, Xinjiang during the Western Han; previously a kingdom that was ultimately conquered by general Li Guangli during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han

8th century, 岑參 (Cen Shen), 白雪歌送武判官歸京 (A Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-clerk Wu Going Home)

Lúntái dōngmén sòng jūn qù, qù shí xuě mǎn Tiānshān lù.

輪臺東門送君去，去時雪滿天山路。

轮台东门送君去，去时雪满天山路。

(historical) (～縣) a county in present-day Xinjiang during the Tang dynasty; its location is debated


徐家匯

desc

→ English: Xujiahui, Zikawei, Ziccawei, Siccawei

→ French: Xujiahui, Zikawei

ㄒㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄒㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

/ɕy³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuːi̯²²/

/ʑi²² ka⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

/ɕy³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuːi̯²²/

/ʑi²² ka⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

Xujiahui (an area of Xuhui district, Shanghai, China, well-known for shopping and entertainment)


興安嶺

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

From Mongolian ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ (kingɣan) (Хянган (Xjangan) in Khalkha Mongolian), perhaps via Manchu ᡥᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ (hinggan).
See Mongolian хянга (xjanga, “mountain peak, crest, flange”).

cog

Khingan, a collective name for mountain ranges on both sides of the Amur River


訓民正音

ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄧㄣ

ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄧㄣ

Сюньминьчжэнъинь

/ɕyn⁵¹ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/fɐn³³ mɐn²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/hun²¹⁻⁵³ bin²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/hun²¹⁻⁵³ bin¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/hun¹¹⁻⁵³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/hun²¹⁻⁴¹ bin²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/

/ɕyn⁵¹ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/fɐn³³ mɐn²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/hun²¹⁻⁵³ bin²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/hun²¹⁻⁵³ bin¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/hun¹¹⁻⁵³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/hun²¹⁻⁴¹ bin²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 훈민정음 (訓民正音, hunminjeong'eum)

The Correct/Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People

(historical) Hunmin Jeongeum (document introducing the hangul script for Korean in 1446)

(obsolete) Alternative name for 諺文／谚文 (yànwén, “hangul”).


岳陽樓

/ɥɛ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

Yueyang Tower (a tower in Yueyang, Hunan, China)

(～區) Yueyanglou (a district of Yueyang, Hunan, China)


岳陽

/ɥɛ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

(～市) Yueyang (a prefecture-level city of Hunan, China)

(～縣) Yueyang (a county of Yueyang City, Hunan, China)


張伯倫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/


王爾德

/wɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/


葉利欽

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/


白求恩

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Bethune.

psm

Bethune, specifically the Canadian physician Norman Bethune


高爾基

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Горький Горький#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Горький (Gorʹkij), Gorky

Горький Горький#Russian

Maxim Gorky, (Russian and Soviet writer)

(historical) (～市) Gorky (previous name for the Russian city Nizhny Novgorod)

Golgi (surname), especially the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, after whom several biological structures were named


李斯特

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the Hungarian surname Liszt

(music) Franz Liszt (a Hungarian composer, pianist and teacher)


鄧肯

/tɤŋ⁵¹ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤŋ⁵¹ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Duncan


赫胥黎

/xɤ⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵ li³⁵/


羅素

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ su⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ su⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Russell


濟慈

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


葉芝

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/


葉慈

/jɛ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


基辛格

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

A transliteration of the German or English surname Kissinger

A transliteration of the German surname Kiesinger


喬叟

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Chaucer, from Middle English Chaucer, a surname from Old French chaucier (“hose-maker, hosier”).


西敏寺

/ɕi⁵⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ mɐn¹³ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ mɐn¹³ t͡siː²²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ min³³ zz̩²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ mɐn¹³ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ mɐn¹³ t͡siː²²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ min³³ zz̩²¹/


盧梭

/lu³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), Swiss philosopher.


孟德斯鳩

ㄇㄥˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄙ ㄐㄧㄡ

ㄇㄥˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄙ ㄐㄧㄡ

/mɤŋ⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/


齊達內

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tä³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tä³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/


綺色佳

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Ithaca.


傅里葉

/fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹/


傅立葉

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/


普希金

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Пушкин Пушкин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пушкин (Puškin), Pushkin


倫琴

/lu̯ən³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/lɵn²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/liɛn³³ tɔ³³ ɡiɛn³³/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/lu̯ən³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/lɵn²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/liɛn³³ tɔ³³ ɡiɛn³³/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn⁴⁴/

/liɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn⁴⁴/


甘地

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/


泰戈爾

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from English Tagore, from Bengali ঠাকুর (ṭhakur).

ঠাকুর ঠাকুর#Bengali

A transliteration of the Bengali surname ঠাকুর (ṭhakur), Tagore


達摩

/tä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːt̚² mɔː⁵⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ mɔ̃¹³/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²³/

/tä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːt̚² mɔː⁵⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ mɔ̃¹³/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²³/

菩提達摩 菩提達摩#Chinese

菩提达摩 菩提达摩#Chinese

(historical) short for 菩提達摩／菩提达摩 (Pútídámó, “Bodhidharma (founder of the Zen sect of Buddhism)”)


南丁格爾

ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ

/nän³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ tɪŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ jiː¹³/

/nän³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ tɪŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ jiː¹³/

A transliteration of the English surname Nightingale


君士坦丁

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄥ

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄥ

Цзюньшитаньдин

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ siː²² tʰaːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ siː²² tʰaːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/


舟曲

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan འབྲུག་ཆུ ('brug chu, “Bailong River”, literally “dragon river”).

bor

(～縣) Zhugqu, Zhouqu (a county of Gannan prefecture, Gansu, China)


阿房宮

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔː⁵⁵ pʰɔːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔː⁵⁵ pʰɔːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Epang Palace (a palace complex of Qin Shihuang, the first emperor of China)


赤壁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (赤壁):
* → Japanese: 赤壁(せきへき) (Sekiheki)
* → Korean: 적벽(赤壁) (Jeokbyeok)
* → Vietnamese: Xích Bích (赤壁)

→ English: Ch'ih-pi, Chibi

desc

→ Thai: เซ็กเพ็ก

→ Thai: เซ็กเพ็ก

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ pɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiʔ²¹⁻⁴² piʔ²¹/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁻⁴ piʔ²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ piaʔ³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ pɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiʔ²¹⁻⁴² piʔ²¹/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁻⁴ piʔ²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ piaʔ³²/

(historical) Chibi (place where the Battle of Chibi happened)

(～市) Chibi (a county-level city of Xianning, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Chibi (a subdistrict of Huangzhou district, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chibi (a town in Chibi, Xianning, Hubei, China)


閩北語

/min²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/min³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn¹³ pɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/mɐn²¹ pɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/maiŋ³³ pɛ²⁴ ŋy²¹/

/ban²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²³⁻³³ pak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/ban¹³⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/min²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/min³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn¹³ pɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/mɐn²¹ pɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/maiŋ³³ pɛ²⁴ ŋy²¹/

/ban²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²³⁻³³ pak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/ban¹³⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

Northern Min; Min Bei (variety of Min Chinese represented by the Jian'ou dialect)

(dated) Northern Min (variety of Min Chinese spoken in northern Fujian, including what is now known as Eastern Min)


閩西

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɐn¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬai⁵³³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬai⁵⁴⁴/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɐn¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬai⁵³³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬai⁵⁴⁴/


咸鏡

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/haːm²¹ kɛːŋ³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/haːm²¹ kɛːŋ³³/

(～道) (historical) Hamgyong Province (former province of Korea)


薩克斯

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/


法蘭西堡

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄠˇ

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


葡京

/pʰu³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

(chiefly Macau) Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; the capital city of Portugal)


北愛

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ ɔːi̯³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ ɔːi̯³³/

北愛爾蘭 北愛爾蘭#Chinese

北爱尔兰 北爱尔兰#Chinese


泰西

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/


龍巖

/lʊŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ ŋaːm²¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋaŋ⁵³/

/lœŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ŋaŋ¹³/

lyoeng² ngang² [Phonetic:lyoeng⁵ ngang²]

/lyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋaŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² nã²⁴/

/lioŋ¹¹ nã¹¹/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡiam²⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ ŋaːm²¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋaŋ⁵³/

/lœŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ŋaŋ¹³/

/lyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋaŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² nã²⁴/

/lioŋ¹¹ nã¹¹/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡiam²⁴/

(～市) Longyan (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)


紅磡

/xʊŋ³⁵ kʰän⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɐm³³/

/ɦoŋ²² kʰø⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ kʰän⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɐm³³/

/ɦoŋ²² kʰø⁴⁴/

紅磡體育館

红磡体育馆

Hung Hom (an area of the Kowloon City District, Hong Kong)


呆丸

/taɪ̯⁵⁵ wän³⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵⁵ wän³⁵/

From Hokkien 臺灣 /台湾 (Tâi-oân), replaced with quasi-homophones.


裡海

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

Literally "inland sea" or "inland lake", attested in the book 《海國聞見錄》 (An Account of Seas and Lands) by the 18th-century Qing naval officer Chen Lunjiong (陳倫烱).
Chen's account contained numerous anachronisms and inaccuracies such as the supposed drainage from Persia. Nevertheless, later Chinese geographers such as Wei Yuan (魏源) and He Qiutao (何秋濤) quoted extensively from Chen. He Qiutao correctly identified the lake as truly endorheic.

The Inland Sea is surrounded by the following nations. To the northeast, Siberia; northwest, Russia; east, Samarkand; west, Georgia; southwest, East Turkey; and the south, Pars the Greater White-Turbans. It is a great inland sea into which rivers flow, and it is separated from the maritime routes. Its water only drains into the ocean from Pars. For this it is called the Inland Sea.

陳倫烱 (1730) “小西洋記”, in 海國聞見錄 (in Chinese), volume 1, published 1793, page 29

Lǐhǎi zhě, zhū guó huán ér rào zhī: dōngběi Xìmìlǐyě, xīběi Éluósī, dōng Sānmǎ'ěrdān, xī Rělùrěyě, xīnán Dōng Duō'ěrqí, nán Bāoshè Dà Báitóu. Nèi zhù dàhǎi, bùtōng hǎi zhào; qí shuǐ wéi cóng Bāoshè chūhǎi, gù wéi Lǐhǎi.

裏海者，諸國環而繞之：東北細密里也，西北俄羅斯，東三馬爾丹，西惹鹿惹也，西南東多爾其，南包社大白頭。內注大海，不通海棹；其水惟從包社出海，故為裏海。

里海者，诸国环而绕之：东北细密里也，西北俄罗斯，东三马尔丹，西惹鹿惹也，西南东多尔其，南包社大白头。内注大海，不通海棹；其水惟从包社出海，故为里海。


吉尼斯

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ nei̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ nei̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

吉尼斯世界紀錄

吉尼斯世界纪录


崑崙

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

昆仑
昆侖
*崐崘
*崑崘

(～山) Kunlun Mountains (a mountain range in the Xinjiang autonomous region, Qinghai and Tibet autonomous region in China)

(mythology) Kunlun (a mountain in Chinese mythology)

(～關) Kunlun Pass (a mountain pass in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(historical) an area including southern Indochina and Southeast Asian islands

(～島) Côn Sơn Island (an island of Vietnam)


新中國

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

慶祝新中國成立

庆祝新中国成立

In the early days after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, China was impoverished, with great number of things waiting to be rebuilt and tasks to be undertaken.

Xīnzhōngguó chénglì zhī chū, Zhōngguó yīqióng'èrbái, bǎifèidàixīng.

新中國成立之初，中國一窮二白，百廢待興。

新中国成立之初，中国一穷二白，百废待兴。

(Mainland China, officialese) “new China” (i.e. referring to China after the establishment of the PRC in 1949); postrevolutionary China


舊中國

ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

(Mainland China) “old China” (i.e. China before the establishment of the PRC in 1949); prerevolutionary China


連山壯族瑤族自治縣

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄢ ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄢ ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Lien²-shan¹ Chuang⁴-tsu² Yao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-hsien⁴

Lyán-shān Jwàng-dzú Yáu-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-syàn

Lianshan Juanqtzwu Yautzwu Tzyhjyhshiann

Ляньшань Чжуанцзу Яоцзу Цзычжисянь

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County (a county of Guangdong, China)


富川瑤族自治縣

ㄈㄨˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Фучуань Яоцзу Цзычжисянь

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ jiːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County (a county of Guangxi, China)


河口瑤族自治縣

ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄡˇ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄡˇ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Хэкоу Яоцзу Цзычжисянь

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵ jiːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

Hekou Yao Autonomous County
w:Hekou Yao Autonomous County

Hekou Yao Autonomous County (a county of Yunnan, China)


江華瑤族自治縣

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Цзянхуа Яоцзу Цзычжисянь

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹ jiːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

Jianghua Yao Autonomous County (a county of Hunan, China)


石柱土家族自治縣

ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Шичжу Туцзяцзу Цзычжисянь

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County
w:Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County

Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Chongqing, China)


大暑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大暑):
* → Japanese: 大暑(たいしょ) (taisho)
* → Korean: 대서(大暑) (daeseo)
* → Vietnamese: Đại thử (大暑)

/tä⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² syː³⁵/

/tʰai¹¹ ɕy²¹³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³¹/

/tʰai³³ t͡ʃʰu²⁴/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³¹/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵³ sy³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ su⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ si⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si⁵³/

/ta̠⁴⁵ ɕy⁴¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² syː³⁵/

/tʰai¹¹ ɕy²¹³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³¹/

/tʰai³³ t͡ʃʰu²⁴/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³¹/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵³ sy³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ su⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ si⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si⁵³/

/ta̠⁴⁵ ɕy⁴¹/

Dashu; Greater Heat (12th of the 24 solar terms)

the day marking the beginning of the 12th solar term (July 22, 23, or 24) in the midst of the three "fu" (伏) or ten-day periods when the heat is greatest

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


寒露

Sino-Xenic (寒露):
* → Japanese: 寒露(かんろ) (kanro)
* → Korean: 한로(寒露) (hallo)

/hɔːn²¹ lou̯²²/

/ˈhɵn²⁴ lu¹¹/

/xæ̃¹¹ ləu⁴⁵/

/haŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡou²¹³/

/han²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/han²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/han¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/han²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

/xan¹³ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/hɔːn²¹ lou̯²²/

/ˈhɵn²⁴ lu¹¹/

/xæ̃¹¹ ləu⁴⁵/

/haŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡou²¹³/

/han²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/han²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/han¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/han²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

/xan¹³ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

The Yi and the Di people are greedy and desirous of gain; they wear their hair down their backs and fasten their garments on the left; they have human faces but the hearts of wild beasts. Their ceremonial garments differ from those worn in the Central States [of China]; their customs and diet differ from ours; and our languages are mutually unintelligible. They dwell far away, in the cold, on the bare lands of the north, driving their herds in pursuit of pasture, and hunting with the bow and arrow in order to sustain themselves. They are separated from us by mountains and valleys and cut off by the desert. By these means did Heaven and Earth divide inner from outer.

Yídí zhī rén tān ér hǎolì, bèifà zuǒrèn, rénmiànshòuxīn. Qí yǔ Zhōngguó shū zhāngfú, yì xísú, yǐnshí bùtóng, yányǔ bùtōng, pì jū běichuí hánlù zhī yě, zhú cǎo suí xù, shèliè wèishēng, gé yǐ shāngǔ, yōng yǐ shāmù, tiāndì suǒyǐ jué wàinèi yě.

夷狄之人貪而好利，被髮左衽，人面獸心。其與中國殊章服，異習俗，飲食不同，言語不通，辟居北垂寒露之野，逐草隨畜，射獵為生，隔以山谷，雍以沙幕，天地所以絕外內也。

夷狄之人贪而好利，被发左衽，人面兽心。其与中国殊章服，异习俗，饮食不同，言语不通，辟居北垂寒露之野，逐草随畜，射猎为生，隔以山谷，雍以沙幕，天地所以绝外内也。


大寒

Sino-Xenic (大寒):
* → Japanese: 大寒(だいかん) (daikan)
* → Korean: 대한(大寒) (daehan)
* → Vietnamese: đại hàn (大寒)

/tä⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɔːn²¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hɔn¹¹/

/ta⁴⁵ xæ̃¹¹/

/tuɛ⁵⁵ uiŋ²¹/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aŋ⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kuã²³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ kuã²⁴/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ xan¹³/

/tä⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɔːn²¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hɔn¹¹/

/ta⁴⁵ xæ̃¹¹/

/tuɛ⁵⁵ uiŋ²¹/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aŋ⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kuã²³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ kuã²⁴/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ xan¹³/


處暑

Sino-Xenic (處暑):
* → Japanese: 処暑(しょしょ) (shosho)
* → Korean: 처서(處暑) (cheoseo)
* → Vietnamese: Xử Thử (處暑)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyː³⁵ syː³⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰy²¹³⁻²⁴ ɕy²¹³/

/t͡sʰu³¹ t͡sʰu³¹/

/t͡ʃʰu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰu²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰu¹¹ t͡ʃʰu²⁴/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³¹/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/t͡sʰy³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/t͡sʰy²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁵³/

/t͡sʰu⁵²⁻³⁵ su⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵ ɕy⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyː³⁵ syː³⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰy²¹³⁻²⁴ ɕy²¹³/

/t͡sʰu³¹ t͡sʰu³¹/

/t͡ʃʰu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰu²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰu¹¹ t͡ʃʰu²⁴/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³¹/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/t͡sʰy³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/t͡sʰy²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁵³/

/t͡sʰu⁵²⁻³⁵ su⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵ ɕy⁴¹/


穆哈蘭姆月

ㄇㄨˋ ㄏㄚ ㄌㄢˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄇㄨˋ ㄏㄚ ㄌㄢˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

Мухаланьмуюэ

/mu⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ län³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² haː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ mou̯¹³ jyːt̚²/

/mu⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ län³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² haː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ mou̯¹³ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) + 月 (yuè, “month”).


色法爾月

ㄙㄜˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄩㄝˋ

/sɤ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ faːt̚³ jiː¹³ jyːt̚²/

/sɤ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ faːt̚³ jiː¹³ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic صَفَر (ṣafar) + 月 (yuè, “month”).


賴比爾·敖外魯月

ㄌㄞˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄦˇ ㄠˊ ㄨㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄌㄞˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄦˇ ㄠˊ ㄨㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

Лайбиэраовайлу юэ

/laɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/laːi̯²² pei̯³⁵ jiː¹³ ŋou̯²² ŋɔːi̯²² lou̯¹³ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

der

رَبِيع الْأَوَّل


賴比爾·阿色尼月

ㄌㄞˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄦˇ ㄚ ㄙㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄌㄞˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄦˇ ㄚ ㄙㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄩㄝˋ

Лайбиэрасэни юэ

/laɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/laːi̯²² pei̯³⁵ jiː¹³ aː³³ sɪk̚⁵ nei̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

رَبِيع الثَّانِي

Arabic رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī)


主馬達·敖外魯月

ㄓㄨˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄠˊ ㄨㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄓㄨˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄠˊ ㄨㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

Чжумадааовайлу юэ

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ maː¹³ taːt̚² ŋou̯²² ŋɔːi̯²² lou̯¹³ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

جُمَادَى الْأُولَى


主馬達·阿色尼月

ㄓㄨˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄚ ㄙㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄓㄨˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄚ ㄙㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄩㄝˋ

Чжумадаасэни юэ

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ maː¹³ taːt̚² aː³³ sɪk̚⁵ nei̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

جُمَادَى الثَّانِي


賴哲卜月

ㄌㄞˋ ㄓㄜˊ ㄅㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄌㄞˋ ㄓㄜˊ ㄅㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

/laɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/laːi̯²² t͡siːt̚³ pʊk̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

/laɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/laːi̯²² t͡siːt̚³ pʊk̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic رَجَب (rajab) + 月 (yuè, “month”).


舍爾邦月

ㄕㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄤ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄕㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄤ ㄩㄝˋ

/ʂɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɛː³³ jiː¹³ pɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/ʂɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɛː³³ jiː¹³ pɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic شَعْبَان (šaʕbān) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

Arabic شَعْبَان (šaʕbān)


閃瓦魯月

ㄕㄢˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄕㄢˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄩㄝˋ

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/siːm³⁵ ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³ jyːt̚²/

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/siːm³⁵ ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic شَوَّال (šawwāl) + 月 (yuè, “month”).


都爾喀爾德月

ㄉㄨ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄉㄨ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄩㄝˋ

Дуэркаэрдэюэ

/tu⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tou̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kʰaː³³ jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

ذُو الْقَعْدَة

Arabic ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda)


都爾黑哲月

ㄉㄨ ㄦˇ ㄏㄟ ㄓㄜˊ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄉㄨ ㄦˇ ㄏㄟ ㄓㄜˊ ㄩㄝˋ

Дуэрхэйчжэюэ

/tu⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tou̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ hɐk̚⁵ t͡siːt̚³ jyːt̚²/

/tu⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tou̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ hɐk̚⁵ t͡siːt̚³ jyːt̚²/

From Arabic ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja) + 月 (yuè, “month”).

ذُو الْحِجَّة

Arabic ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja)


伊斯蘭曆

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ li⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ lɪk̚²/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ li⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ lɪk̚²/


回曆

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ lɪk̚²/

/hue²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ lɪk̚²/

/hue²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

伊斯蘭曆 伊斯蘭曆#Chinese

伊斯兰历 伊斯兰历#Chinese

Alternative name for 伊斯蘭曆／伊斯兰历 (Yīsīlánlì, “Islamic calendar”).


回回曆

ㄏㄨㄟˊ ˙ㄏㄨㄟ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄏㄨㄟˊ ˙ㄏㄨㄟ ㄌㄧˋ

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³ li⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹ lɪk̚²/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³ li⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹ lɪk̚²/

伊斯蘭曆 伊斯蘭曆#Chinese

伊斯兰历 伊斯兰历#Chinese

Alternative name for 伊斯蘭曆／伊斯兰历 (Yīsīlánlì).


穆罕默德曆

ㄇㄨˋ ㄏㄢˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄇㄨˋ ㄏㄢˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄧˋ

Муханьмодэли

/mu⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² hɔːn³⁵ mɐk̚² tɐk̚⁵ lɪk̚²/

/mu⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² hɔːn³⁵ mɐk̚² tɐk̚⁵ lɪk̚²/

伊斯蘭曆 伊斯蘭曆#Chinese

伊斯兰历 伊斯兰历#Chinese


阿拉伯曆

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lɪk̚²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lɪk̚²/

伊斯蘭曆 伊斯蘭曆#Chinese

伊斯兰历 伊斯兰历#Chinese


西域曆

/ɕi⁵⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wɪk̚² lɪk̚²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wɪk̚² lɪk̚²/

伊斯蘭曆 伊斯蘭曆#Chinese

伊斯兰历 伊斯兰历#Chinese


土盤曆

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ li⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ pʰuːn²¹ lɪk̚²/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ li⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ pʰuːn²¹ lɪk̚²/

伊斯蘭曆 伊斯蘭曆#Chinese

伊斯兰历 伊斯兰历#Chinese


尼散月

/ni³⁵ sän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ sän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

From Hebrew נִיסָן (nisán) + 月 (yuè, “month”).


以珥月

/i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ jiː¹³ jyːt̚²/

/i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ jiː¹³ jyːt̚²/


西彎月

/ɕi⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ van²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ van²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ van²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ van²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/


搭模斯月

ㄉㄚ ㄇㄛˊ ㄙ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄉㄚ ㄇㄛˊ ㄙ ㄩㄝˋ

/tä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

From Hebrew תַּמּוּז + 月 (yuè, “month”).

Hebrew תַּמּוּז


埃波月

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/


以祿月

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ lʊk̚² jyːt̚²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ luk̚⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ lʊk̚² jyːt̚²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ luk̚⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

Hebrew אֱלוּל


提斯利月

ㄊㄧˊ ㄙ ㄌㄧˋ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄊㄧˊ ㄙ ㄌㄧˋ ㄩㄝˋ

/tʰi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵ lei̯²² jyːt̚²/

/tʰi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵ lei̯²² jyːt̚²/

From Hebrew תִּשְׁרֵי + 月 (yuè, “month”).

Hebrew תִּשְׁרֵי


瑪西班月

ㄇㄚˇ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄩㄝˋ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːn⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːn⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

From Hebrew מַרְחֶשְׁוָן + 月 (yuè, “month”).

מַרְחֶשְׁוָן

Hebrew מַרְחֶשְׁוָן


基斯流月

ㄐㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄐㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄩㄝˋ

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

From Hebrew כִּסְלֵו + 月 (yuè, “month”).

Hebrew כִּסְלֵו


提別月

ㄊㄧˊ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄊㄧˊ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄩㄝˋ

/tʰi³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ piːt̚² jyːt̚²/

/tʰi¹¹ pʰet̚⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/tʰi¹¹ pʰet̚⁵ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/tʰi³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ piːt̚² jyːt̚²/

/tʰi¹¹ pʰet̚⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/tʰi¹¹ pʰet̚⁵ ŋi̯at̚⁵/


細罷特月

ㄒㄧˋ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄩㄝˋ

ㄒㄧˋ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄩㄝˋ

/ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ pä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ paː²² tɐk̚² jyːt̚²/

/ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ pä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ paː²² tɐk̚² jyːt̚²/

Hebrew שְׁבָט


亞達月

/jä⁵¹ tä³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/aː³³ taːt̚² jyːt̚²/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰat̚⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰat̚⁵ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/jä⁵¹ tä³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/aː³³ taːt̚² jyːt̚²/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰat̚⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰat̚⁵ ŋi̯at̚⁵/


希伯來曆

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄌㄧˋ

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/hei̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lɔːi̯²¹ lɪk̚²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/hei̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lɔːi̯²¹ lɪk̚²/


猶太曆

/joʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ lɪk̚²/

/joʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ lɪk̚²/


大貓

/taːi̯³³ maːu̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯³³ maːu̯⁵⁵/

In reference to the pair of lion sculptures outside the bank's headquarters.


盂蘭盆節

ㄩˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄆㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄩˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄆㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

Юйланьпэньцзе

/y³⁵ län³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ laːn²¹ pʰuːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/u³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

/y³⁵ län³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ laːn²¹ pʰuːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/u³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

(Buddhism) Ghost Festival; Ullambana Festival


重陽節

English: Chung Yeung Festival

ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡si̯et̚²/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡seʔ³²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹² iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹² t͡sueʔ³²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ iaŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡seʔ²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ iaŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡seʔ³²/

/tʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

/zoŋ²² hiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡si̯et̚²/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡seʔ³²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹² iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹² t͡sueʔ³²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ iaŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡seʔ²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ iaŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡seʔ³²/

/tʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

/zoŋ²² hiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

Double Ninth Festival
Double Ninth Festival

synonym of 重陽 /重阳 (Chóngyáng), the Double Ninth Festival


重陽

Japanese: 重陽 (Chōyō)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/tiaŋ²³⁻³³ iaŋ²³/

/zoŋ²² hiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/t͡sən¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/tiaŋ²³⁻³³ iaŋ²³/

/zoŋ²² hiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/t͡sən¹³ i̯æn¹³/

(～里) an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


青年節

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sueʔ³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sueʔ³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

May Fourth Movement
w:May Fourth Movement

(Mainland China) Youth Day (May 4, commemorating the May Fourth Movement)


建軍節

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

Цзяньцзюньцзе

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

Army Day (public holiday in China on August 1, commemorating the Nanchang Uprising in 1927)


婦女節

ㄈㄨˋ ㄋㄩˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄋㄩˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/fu⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fuː¹³ nɵy̯¹³ t͡siːt̚³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hu⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/hu²²⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hu³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/fu⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fuː¹³ nɵy̯¹³ t͡siːt̚³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hu⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/hu²²⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hu³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/


古爾邦節

ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄤ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄤ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ jiː¹³ pɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ jiː¹³ pɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

Borrowed from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān) + 節／节 (jié).


五四

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ sei̯³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ sei̯³³/

五四時期

五四时期

五四運動 五四運動#Chinese

五四运动 五四运动#Chinese

(～村) Wusi (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


正陽門

Čžɛnʺjanmɛnʹ

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹ muːn²¹/


人民大會堂

ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄤˊ

ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄤˊ

Жэньминь Дахуэйтан

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ taːi̯²² wuːi̯²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ taːi̯²² wuːi̯²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

Great Hall of the People (state building in Beijing)


雍和宮

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


景山

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/


圓明園

ㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

Юаньминъюань

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ⁵⁵/


東城

→ English: Dongcheng

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Dongcheng (a district of Beijing, China)

(～街道) Dongcheng (a subdistrict of Zengdu district, Suizhou, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Dongcheng (a subdistrict of Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Dongcheng (a subdistrict of Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Dongcheng (a subdistrict of Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


西城

→ English: Xicheng

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Xicheng (a district of Beijing, China)

(～街道) Xicheng (a subdistrict of Zengdu district, Suizhou, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Xicheng (a subdistrict of Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Xicheng (an economic and technological development zone in Zhangwan district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

《西城時報》

《西城时报》

1989, 李辰雄, 西雅圖隨筆:

Moved from Los Angeles, California, to Seattle, Washington

yóu Jiāzhōu Luòbù qiāndiào Huázhōu Xīchéng

由加州洛埠遷調華州西城

1989, 李辰雄, 西雅圖隨筆:

由加州洛埠迁调华州西城

Seattle University, located in Seattle, Washington, has been established for over a hundred years. It is the only institution in the American Northwest to train Jesuit clergypeople.

zuòluò zài Huáshèngdùn Zhōu Xīyǎtú Shì de Xīchéng Dàxué, chuànglì yǐ chāoguò bǎinián, wèi xīběi dìqū wéiyī péixùn Yēsūhuì jiàoshì de zhōngxīn

座落在華盛頓州西雅圖市的西城大學，創立已超過百年，為西北地區唯一培訓耶穌會教士的中心

座落在华盛顿州西雅图市的西城大学，创立已超过百年，为西北地区唯一培训耶稣会教士的中心

(literary) Alternative name for 西雅圖／西雅图 (Xīyǎtú, “Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)”).

西雅圖

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 西城, Saijō


豐臺

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

From 遠風臺／远风台 (Yuǎn Fēng Tái), the villa of Yuan dynasty officials Han Tongfu (韓通甫) and Han Junmei (韓君美) brothers (Sun, 2012).

(～鎮) Fengtai (a former town in southern Beijing, China)

(～區) Fengtai (a district of Beijing, China, which contains the namesake town)


石景山

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Shijingshan (a district of Beijing, China)


房山

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Fangshan (a district of Beijing, China)


門頭溝

/mən³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Mentougou (a district of Beijing, China)


延慶

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/jiːn²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/jiːn²¹ hɪŋ³³/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Yanqing (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


通州

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Tongzhou (a district of Beijing, China)

(～區) Tongzhou (a district of Nantong, Jiangsu, China)

(historical) Tong Prefecture (several ancient placenames)


順義

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn²² jiː²²/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn²² jiː²²/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Shunyi (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


平谷

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʊk̚⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʊk̚⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Pinggu (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


大興

/tä⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

;"counterfeit"
:Another theory is that the word originated from slang among criminal gangs.

(～城) (historical) Daxing (capital city of the Sui dynasty, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Daxing (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


北洋政府

ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ

Бэйян Чжэнфу

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ fuː³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ fuː³⁵/


長安街

→ English: Chang'an Avenue

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Chang'an Avenue
Chang'an Avenue#English:_Q1061850

Chang'an Avenue (a street in Beijing, China, which runs past the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and other important locations)


顓頊

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔk̚³²/

(Chinese mythology) Zhuanxu (legendary emperor of ancient China)


柔似蜜

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰiː¹³ mɐt̚²/

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰiː¹³ mɐt̚²/

Phono-semantic matching of English Rosemead.

psm

Rosemead (a city in California, United States)


四色菊

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/sei̯³³ sɪk̚⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/sei̯³³ sɪk̚⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Thai ศรีสะเกษ (sǐi-sà-gèet), via Teochew.


夜豐頌

/jɛ⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/jɛː²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

/jɛ⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/jɛː²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

Borrowed from Thai แม่ฮ่องสอน (mɛ̂ɛ-hɔ̂ng-sɔ̌ɔn), via Teochew.

bor

Thai แม่ฮ่องสอน (mɛ̂ɛ-hɔ̂ng-sɔ̌ɔn)

(～府) Mae Hong Son (a province of Thailand)


申根

/ʂən⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from German Schengen or English Schengen.


天門

→ English: Tianmen, T'ien-men, Tienmen

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ mən²¹/

(～市) Tianmen (a sub-prefectural city of Hubei, China)


凡爾賽宮

ㄈㄢˊ ㄦˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄈㄢˊ ㄦˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

Фаньэрсай Гун

/fän³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²¹ jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ve²² əl⁵⁵ se³³ koŋ²¹/

/fän³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²¹ jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ve²² əl⁵⁵ se³³ koŋ²¹/


凡爾賽

/fän³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/faːn²¹ jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai²¹³/

/ve²² əl⁵⁵ se²¹/

/fän³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/faːn²¹ jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai²¹³/

/ve²² əl⁵⁵ se²¹/

Borrowed from French Versailles, via Wu.


巴黎聖母院

ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄨˇ ㄩㄢˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄨˇ ㄩㄢˋ

Бали Шэнмуюань

/pä⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/


哥特

/kɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/kɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


塞納河

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ naːp̚² hɔː²¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ naːp̚² hɔː²¹/


貞德

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of French Jeanne d'Arc.