日本銀行

ㄖˋ ㄅㄣˇ ㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄤˊ

ㄖˋ ㄅㄣˇ ㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄤˊ

Жибэнь Иньхан

/ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² puːn³⁵ ŋɐn²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²³⁻³³ haŋ²³/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡun²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ haŋ²⁴/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡin²³⁻³³ haŋ²³/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡin¹³⁻²² haŋ¹³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² puːn³⁵ ŋɐn²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²³⁻³³ haŋ²³/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡun²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ haŋ²⁴/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡin²³⁻³³ haŋ²³/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡin¹³⁻²² haŋ¹³/


憲兵隊

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄧㄥ ㄉㄨㄟˋ

ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄧㄥ ㄉㄨㄟˋ

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hiːn³³ pɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hiːn³³ pɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/


一元

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～街道) Yiyuan (a subdistrict of Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


亞美利加

ㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ lei̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/a¹¹ me⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ kʰa³¹/

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ lei̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/a¹¹ me⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ kʰa³¹/

(～洲) America, the Americas (a supercontinent consisting of North America, Central America and South America regarded as a whole; in full, the Americas)

美利堅合眾國 美利堅合眾國#Chinese

美利坚合众国 美利坚合众国#Chinese

United States of America
United States of America#English

Alternative name for 美利堅合眾國／美利坚合众国 (Měilìjiān hézhòngguó).: America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)


超人

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(Hong Kong) Li Ka-shing (business and property magnate who has long been the richest person of Hong Kong)


涼風

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oŋ¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/l̃uoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oŋ¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/l̃uoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/liaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

(Church of the East, historical) the Holy Spirit


凌雲

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

(～縣) Lingyun (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


南岸

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

(～區) Nan'an (a district of Chongqing, China)


玉門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (玉門):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)門(もん) (gyokumon)
* → Korean: 옥문(玉門) (ongmun)

(～市) Yumen (a county-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China)

(～關) Yumen Pass (pass in Gansu province, China)


臨海

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Linhai County (a county-level city of Zhejiang, China)


校長

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːu̯²² t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/kau²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃoŋ²⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/hau⁴¹⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/hau³³⁻²¹ tiũ⁴¹/

/hau²²⁻²¹ tiũ⁴²/

/hau²²⁻²¹ tiũ⁵³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ tiɔ̃⁵³/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/ɦiɔ²² t͡sã⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːu̯²² t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/kau²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃoŋ²⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ tiũ⁵³/

/hau⁴¹⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/hau³³⁻²¹ tiũ⁴¹/

/hau²²⁻²¹ tiũ⁴²/

/hau²²⁻²¹ tiũ⁵³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ tiɔ̃⁵³/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/ɦiɔ²² t͡sã⁴⁴/


大山

/tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

中央山脈 中央山脈#Chinese

中央山脉 中央山脉#Chinese

Central Mountain Range
Central Mountain Range

(obsolete) former name of 中央山脈 /中央山脉 (Zhōngyāng Shānmài), Taiwan Island's Central Mountain Range


密雲

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Miyun (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


世尊

Sino-Xenic (世尊):
* → Japanese: 世(せ)尊(そん) (seson)
* → Korean: 세존(世尊) (sejon)
* → Vietnamese: Thế Tôn (世尊)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān), Pali bhagavā, etc.

worshipped by all; the world's reverence

Then the Bodhisattva Earth Holder rose from his seat, went before the Buddha, and said to him: "World-Honored One, if any living being hears this Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World chapter, hears of the freedom of his actions and the divine power of the revelation of the universal gateway, it should be known that this person's blessings are not few."

Lotus Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva, 406 CE

Ěrshí Chídì púsà jí cóng zuò qǐ qián bái Fó yán: “Shìzūn, ruò yǒu zhòngshēng, wén shì Guānshìyīn púsà pǐn, zìzài zhī yè, pǔmén shìxiàn shéntōnglì zhě, dāng zhī shì rén gōngdé bùshào.

爾時持地菩薩即從座起前白佛言：「世尊，若有衆生，聞是觀世音菩薩品，自在之業，普門示現神通力者，當知是人功德不少。

尔时持地菩萨即从座起前白佛言：「世尊，若有众生，闻是观世音菩萨品，自在之业，普门示现神通力者，当知是人功德不少。

(honorific, chiefly Buddhism) Bhagavan; Lord; Honoured One (title of the Buddha)


三門

Sino-Xenic (三門):
* → Japanese: 三門(さんもん) (sanmon)
* → Korean: 삼문(三門) (sammun)

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

(～縣) Sanmen (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


黃海

→ English: Yellow Sea

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/


北洋軍閥

ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄈㄚˊ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄈㄚˊ

Бэйян Цзюньфа

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ fä³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵ fɐt̚²/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ fä³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵ fɐt̚²/


七星

→ Zhuang: Gihsingh

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

Twenty-Eight Mansions
w:Twenty-Eight Mansions

(Chinese astronomy) Star Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)

(～區) Qixing District (a district of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


中庸

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯uŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯uŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

the Doctrine of the Mean (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)


四書

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

the Four Books (Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism)


坑口

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/kʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/kʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

Hang Hau (a residential area of Hong Kong)


納米比亞

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

/nä⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mɐi̯¹³ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/lap̚²⁴⁻² bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/lap̚⁴⁻³² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/nä⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mɐi̯¹³ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/lap̚²⁴⁻² bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/lap̚⁴⁻³² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/


毛里塔尼亞

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ tʰaːp̚³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ tʰaːp̚³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

(Mainland China) Mauritania (a country in West Africa)


佛得角

ㄈㄛˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄈㄛˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tɐk̚⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kak̚³²/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kak̚³²/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tɐk̚⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kak̚³²/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kak̚³²/

(Mainland China) Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


聖神

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂən³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ sɐn²¹/

/sɨn⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sin²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sin¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sin²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sin²³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂən³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ sɐn²¹/

/sɨn⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sin²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sin¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sin²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sin²³/

Calque of English Holy Spirit or Latin Spiritus Sanctus.

But you shall receive the power of the Holy Ghost coming upon you, and you shall be witnesses unto me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and Samaria, and even to the uttermost part of the earth.

思高聖經 (Studium Biblicum Version), 宗徒大事錄 (Acts) 1:8

Dàn dāng Shèngshén jiànglín yú nǐmen shēn shàng shí, nǐmen jiāng chōngmǎn Shèngshén de dénéng, yào zài Yēlùsālěng jí quán Yóutài hé Sāmǎlíyǎ, bìng zhídào dìjí, wèi wǒ zuò zhèngrén.

但當聖神降臨於你們身上時，你們將充滿聖神的德能，要在耶路撒冷及全猶太和撒瑪黎雅，並直到地極，為我作證人。

但当圣神降临于你们身上时，你们将充满圣神的德能，要在耶路撒冷及全犹太和撒玛黎雅，并直到地极，为我作证人。

And [I believe] in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the virgin Mary

jau⁶ seon³ soeng⁶ dai³ duk⁶ sang¹ zi¹ zi², ngo⁵ zyu² je⁴ sou¹ gei¹ duk¹, gam² sing³ san⁴ zi¹ dak¹ lik⁶ ji⁵ waai⁴ jan⁶, jau⁴ tung⁴ neoi⁵⁻² maa⁵ lei⁶ aa³ so² sang¹ ze²

又信上帝獨生之子，我主耶穌基督，感聖神之德力以懷孕，由童女馬利亞所生者

又信上帝独生之子，我主耶稣基督，感圣神之德力以怀孕，由童女马利亚所生者

But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 使徒行傳 (Acts) 1:8

To̍k-to̍k Sèng Sîn lîm-kàu lín ê sî, lín beh tit-tio̍h châi-lêng; koh tī Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng, piàn Iû-thài, kap Sat-má-lī-a, ti̍t-kàu tōe ke̍k, beh chòe góa ê kan-chèng.

獨獨聖神臨到恁的時，恁欲得著才能；閣佇耶路撒冷、遍猶太，佮撒馬利亞，直到地極，欲做我的干證。

独独圣神临到恁的时，恁欲得着才能；阁伫耶路撒冷、遍犹太，佮撒马利亚，直到地极，欲做我的干证。

2011, “在呼召我之處”, 潘茂涼, 劉淑莉, transl., 金俊榮 (lyrics)performed by 約書亞樂團:

Gentle Holy Spirit of the Lord, dwell within my heart.

Chú un-liû ê Sèng-sîn, tiàm tī góa ê lāi-sim

主溫柔的聖神 惦在我的內心

主温柔的圣神 惦在我的内心

(chiefly Catholicism, archaic in Protestantism, still used in Hokkien) Holy Spirit; Holy Ghost


聖靈

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ lɪŋ²¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴² lɛŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ lɛŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ²³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ lɪŋ²¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴² lɛŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ lɛŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ²³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 使徒行傳 (Acts) 1:8

Dàn Shènglíng jiànglín zài nǐmen shēn shàng, nǐmen jiù bì dézháo nénglì, bìng yào zài Yēlùsālěng, Yóutài quándì, hé Sāmǎlìyà, zhídào dìjí, zuò wǒ de jiànzhèng.

但聖靈降臨在你們身上，你們就必得著能力，並要在耶路撒冷、猶太全地，和撒馬利亞，直到地極，作我的見證。

但圣灵降临在你们身上，你们就必得着能力，并要在耶路撒冷、犹太全地，和撒马利亚，直到地极，作我的见证。

(Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy) Holy Spirit, Holy Ghost


內蒙

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

ellipsis of 內蒙古 /内蒙古 (= Inner Mongolia): an autonomous region of China


南極洲

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ kɪk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lam²³⁻³³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiak̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ kɪk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lam²³⁻³³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiak̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

Antarctica (the southernmost continent, south of the Southern Ocean, containing the South Pole)


新華

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

New China, variously (Mainland China) the People's Republic of China, (Taiwan) the present Republic of China, historically the former Republic of China when it held Mainland China

Xinhua, the official Chinese news agency

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xinhua (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


莫桑比克

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄤ ㄅㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄤ ㄅㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚² sɔːŋ⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² sɔŋ³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚² sɔːŋ⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² sɔŋ³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

(Mainland China) Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


伊特魯里亞語

Yītèlǔlǐyàyǔ

ㄧ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ

ㄧ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ

/i⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


伊特拉斯坎語

ㄧ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄎㄢˇ ㄩˇ

ㄧ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄎㄢˇ ㄩˇ

Итэласыканьюй

/i⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

伊特魯里亞語／伊特鲁里亚语

Yītèlŭlĭyàyŭ

伊特魯里亞語

Yītèlŭlĭyàyŭ

伊特鲁里亚语

Yītèlŭlĭyàyŭ


伊特魯里亞

ㄧ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄧ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

/i⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² lou̯¹³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/i⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² lou̯¹³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

伊特魯里亞語

Yītèlǔlǐyàyǔ

伊特鲁里亚语

Yītèlǔlǐyàyǔ


印度洋

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn³³ tou̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

ing⁴ dou⁵ yorng² [Phonetic:ing¹ dou⁵ yorng²]

/iŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tɔu¹¹ yɒŋ¹³/

ing⁴ dou⁵ yoeng² [Phonetic:ing¹ dou⁵ yoeng²]

/iŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tɔu²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔ̃¹³/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn³³ tou̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tɔu¹¹ yɒŋ¹³/

/iŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tɔu²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔ̃¹³/

1855 July 2, “續地理撮要論 [Outlines of Geography, No. 2]”, in 遐邇貫珍 [Chinese Serial], volume III, number 7, page 10:

Yìndùyáng, zài Yàxīyà zhōu, Yìndù guó zhī nán, xī zhì Yàfēilǐjiā zhī dōng bīn, dōng zhì Àodàlìyà zhì xī.

印度洋，在亞西亞洲，印度國之南，西至亞非里加之東濱，東至澳大利亞至西。

印度洋，在亚西亚洲，印度国之南，西至亚非里加之东滨，东至澳大利亚至西。


塞爾維亞

ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/se³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ vi³³ ia²¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/se³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ vi³³ ia²¹/

Borrowed from English Servia, from New Latin Servia f sg.

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


斯洛文尼亞

ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² mɐn²¹ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/sɯ³³ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bun¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ³³ vən³³ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² mɐn²¹ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/sɯ³³ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ³³ vən³³ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

(Mainland China) Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


埃塞俄比亞

ㄞ ㄙㄞˋ ㄜˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄞ ㄙㄞˋ ㄜˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo¹³⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo²⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai³³ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/i⁵⁵ se³³ ŋu³³ pi³³ ia²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo¹³⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo²⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai³³ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/i⁵⁵ se³³ ŋu³³ pi³³ ia²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


肯尼亞

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐŋ³⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐŋ³⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Kenya (a country in East Africa)


蘇丹

Borrowed from English Sudan, from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān).

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


馬里

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

(Mainland China) Mali (a country in West Africa)


馬耳他

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴ ŋi³¹ tʰa²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰã³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/ma²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴ ŋi³¹ tʰa²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰã³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/ma²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

Malta (an archipelago and country in Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea)

Malta (the largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


多米尼加共和國

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Доминицзя Гунхэго

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English:_Q786

(Mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore) Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


聖盧西亞

ㄕㄥˋ ㄌㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄌㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ lou̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ lou̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


聖基茨和尼維斯

ㄕㄥˋ ㄐㄧ ㄘˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄙ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄐㄧ ㄘˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄙ

Шэнцзицы хэ Нивэйсы

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ni³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹ wɔː²¹ nei̯²¹ wɐi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki³³ t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² ui¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English:_Q763

(Mainland China) Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country comprising the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the Caribbean)


格林納達

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ

/kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ nä⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² tat̚²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² tat̚⁴/

/kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ nä⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² tat̚²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² tat̚⁴/

(Mainland China) Grenada (an island and country in the Caribbean)


毛里求斯

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

Mauritius (a country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (the main island of the country of Mauritius)


符拉迪沃斯托克

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ

Фуладивосытокэ

/fu³⁵ lä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ wɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/fuː²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɪk̚² jʊk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

bor

Владивосто́к

Russian Far East
Russian Far East#English

Vladivostok (a city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai)


赤道幾內亞

ㄔˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄔˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄔˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˇ

Чидао Цзинэйя

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ to²²⁻²¹ ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ to²²⁻²¹ ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


馬爾他

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/


利比里亞

ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

léi⁶ béi² léi⁵ a³

/lei̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/lei̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Liberia (a country in West Africa)


剛果

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


大堡礁

/tä⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² pou̯³⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² pou̯³⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/


都柏林

/tou̯⁵⁵ pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹/

/tɔ³³ piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³/

/tou̯⁵⁵ pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹/

/tɔ³³ piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³/

Dublin (a city, the capital city of Ireland)


烏蘭巴托

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄛ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄛ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ paː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² pa³³ tʰɔk̚⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ paː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² pa³³ tʰɔk̚⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (ulaɣanbaɣatur) / Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar). Compare 烏蘭浩特／乌兰浩特 (Wūlánhàotè).

ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ

zh-l

烏蘭浩特／乌兰浩特 (Wūlánhàotè)

Ulaanbaatar (the capital city of Mongolia)


金邊

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (金邊):
* → Vietnamese: Kim Biên (金邊)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ⁴⁴/

From the earlier name 金塔 (Jīntǎ) + Khmer ពេញ (pɨñ, “Penh”).

1927, 張相時, “越南”, in 華僑中心之南洋, volume 下, 海南書局, page 13:

Jiǎnpǔzhài jí Jiāozhǐ zhī Méigōnghé xiàyóu shuǐ jí shēn, qìchuán kě zhídá Jiǎnpǔzhài shǒudū zhī Jīnbiān dàn Khone yǐshàng shuǐliú shèn jí, gù Lǎowō bùnéng dà xiǎng qí lì yǐ.

柬埔寨及交趾之湄公河下游水極深，汽船可直達柬埔寨首都之金邊但Khone以上水流甚急，故老撾不能大享其利矣。

柬埔寨及交趾之湄公河下游水极深，汽船可直达柬埔寨首都之金边但Khone以上水流甚急，故老挝不能大享其利矣。

(～市) Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


馬尼拉

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ nei̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ni²⁴⁻²² la³³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/bin²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ nei̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ni²⁴⁻²² la³³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/bin²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Spanish Manila, from Classical Tagalog Maynila.

马尼拉
馬尼剌
岷埠
岷里拉:Bîn
岷尼拉:Bîn
岷里刺:Bîn
岷里納:Bīn
岷唎喇:Bîn
岷里臘:Bīn
民希臘:Bīn
蠻哩喇
呅哖膋
貓里呂
麻里嚕
麻里蘆
麻里呂
麻逸

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


萬象

Phono-semantic matching of Lao ວຽງຈັນ (wīang chan). 萬象 literally means “ten thousand elephants”, analogous to 瀾滄／澜沧 (Láncāng, “Lan Xang”) which also means “million elephants” in Lao.

psm

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/ve²² ʑiã⁴⁴/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/ve²² ʑiã⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore) Vientiane (a city, the capital city of Laos)


里斯本

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/li²² sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/li²² sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹/

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; the capital city of Portugal)


科倫坡

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰə³³ lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰə³³ lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

Colombo (the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka)


阿斯塔納

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ naːp̚²/

/a³³ sɯ³³ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ lap̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚¹²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ naːp̚²/

/a³³ sɯ³³ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ lap̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚¹²¹/

Astana (a city, the capital city of Kazakhstan)


塔什干

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡨᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᠨ (tasigan), from Written Oirat ᡐᠠᠱᡍᡄᠨ (tašken), from Chagatai [Term?].

Tashkent (a city, the capital city of Uzbekistan)


安卡拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/ø⁵⁵ kʰa³³ la²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/ø⁵⁵ kʰa³³ la²¹/

From English Ankara, from Turkish Ankara, from Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura).

Ankara (a city, the capital city of Turkey)


青島

desc

→ English: Qingdao, Tsingtao, Ch'ing-tao

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

(～市) Qingdao (a subprovincial city of Shandong, China)


武漢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (武漢):
* → Japanese: 武(ぶ)漢(かん) (Bukan)
* → Korean: 무한(武漢) (Muhan)
* → Vietnamese: Vũ Hán (武漢)

→ English: Wuhan, Wu-han, Wu Han

→ Georgian: უხანი (uxani)

→ Korean: 우한 (Uhan)

→ Russian: Уха́нь (Uxánʹ)

→ Zhuang: Vujhan

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

From 武昌 (Wǔchāng) + 漢口 /汉口 (Hànkǒu), two of the three towns that were merged to form Wuhan.

(～市) Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


重慶

ja-r

重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (重慶):
* → Japanese: 重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)
* → Korean: 중경(重慶) (Junggyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Trùng Khánh (重慶)

desc

→ English: Chongqing, Chungching, Ch'ung-ch'ing, Chungking, Tchang-king

→ Japanese: 重慶(チョンチン) (Chonchin)

→ Korean: 충칭 (Chungching)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

Literally "double celebration", named in 1189 after Emperor Guangzong of Song was crowned as both king and emperor.

I just received a letter from Chongqing.

Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.

我剛剛收到一封從重慶寄來的信。

我刚刚收到一封从重庆寄来的信。

(～市) Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


西里爾

/ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ jiː¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ jiː¹³/

From English Cyril, French Cyril, Czech Cyril or Slovak Cyril. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Κύριλλος (Kúrillos).

A transliteration of the English, Czech, French, or Slovak male given name Cyril


帕勞

/pʰä⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo²⁴/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo¹³/

/pʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/pʰä⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo²⁴/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo¹³/

/pʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴/

Borrowed from English Palau, from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

(Mainland China) Palau (a country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


大眾

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ³³/

/ai³² t͡sɵŋ³³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡suŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/tai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ³³/

/ai³² t͡sɵŋ³³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡suŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/tai³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

(Mainland China) (～汽車) Volkswagen (car brand)


烏魯木齊

→ English: Wulumuchi, Wu-lu-mu-ch'i, Wulumuqi

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

ou¹ lou³ borh⁷ ze² [Phonetic:ou⁵ lou⁵ borh⁶ ze²]

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ (urumci), from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

乌鲁木齐
烏嚕木齊
乌鲁木齐
烏漉木製
烏櫓莫濟
烏鹵沐齊
烏鹵沐債
烏魯沐債
烏漉沐漬

On September 11th, 1985, Rugosa rose was chosen as Wlumuqi's^([sic – meaning Wulumuqi's]) city flower at the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th MPC of Wulumuqi, and the elm tree as Wulumuqi's city tree.

1989, China City Flowers (中国城市市花) p.88 & 89 →ISBN

1985 nián 9 yuè 11 rì, Wūlǔmùqí Shì réndà chángwěihuì dì 9 jiè 18 cì huìyì shàng, jiāng méigui dìng wéi shì huā, tóngshí dìng dà yè yú wèi shì shù.

1985年9月11日，烏魯木齊市人大常委會第9屆18次會議上，將玫瑰定為市花，同時定大葉榆為市樹。

1985年9月11日，乌鲁木齐市人大常委会第9届18次会议上，将玫瑰定为市花，同时定大叶榆为市树。

(～市) Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Ürümqi (a county of Ürümqi city, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


甘肅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (甘肅):
* → Japanese: 甘(かん)粛(しゅく) (Kanshuku)
* → Korean: 감숙(甘肅) (Gamsuk)
* → Vietnamese: Cam Túc (甘肅)

→ English: Gansu, Kansu

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

Blend of 甘州 (Gānzhōu) + 肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu); coined in 1286 with the establishment of 甘肅等處行中書省.

zh-l

肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu)

(～省) Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


廣西

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廣西):
* → Japanese: 広西(こうせい) (Kōsei)
* → Korean: 광서(廣西) (Gwangseo)
* → Vietnamese: Quảng Tây (廣西)

→ English: Guangxi, Kwangsi, Kwongsai

→ French: Guangxi, Kouang-Si

→ Korean: 광시 (Gwangsi)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ (guwangsi)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ (ɣuwangsi)

→ Portuguese: Guangxi

→ Russian: Гуанси́ (Guansí)

→ Uyghur: گۇاڭشى (guangshi)

→ Zhuang: Guengjsae, Gvangjsih

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

Named after Guangnan West Circuit 廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù) of the Song dynasty.

zh-l

廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù)

Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12ᵗʰ century CE

Lìzhī, Guǎngxī zhū jùn suǒ chǎn, shuài pí hòu ròu bó, hé dà wèi suān, bùyí pù gān, fēi Mǐnzhōng bǐ, jiā zhě mòrú Xīnghuà.

荔枝，廣西諸郡所產，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝乾，非閩中比，佳者莫如興化。

荔枝，广西诸郡所产，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝干，非闽中比，佳者莫如兴化。

～壯族自治區 廣西壯族自治區#Chinese

～僮族自治區 廣西僮族自治區#Chinese

(～壯族自治區, formerly ～僮族自治區, ～省) Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


貴州

→ English: Guizhou

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᡳ
ᠵᡝᠣ (gui jeo)

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

Corruption of earlier 矩州 (Jǔzhōu); used since Song dynasty.

貴州的別稱是黔。

贵州的别称是黔。

(～省) Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


浙江

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (浙江):
* → Japanese: 浙江(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 절강(浙江) (jeolgang)
* → Vietnamese: Chiết Giang (浙江)

desc

→ English: Che-chiang, Che-keang, Chekiang, Zhejiang, Zhe Jiang, Chekiang, Che-chiang, Chê-chiang (Wade–Giles), Che-keang, Che-kyang, Chequiam (obsolete), Jhejiang, Zhe Jiang

→ Manchu: ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ (jegiyang)

→ Zhuang: Cezgyangh

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Qiantang River

The ancient name of the Qiantang River. First attested in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

(～省) Zhejiang (a province in eastern China)

When the First Emperor of Ch’in crossed River Che on a visit to Kuaichi, Hsiang Liang and Hsiang Yu looked on. “That one could be captured and replaced,” exclaimed Hsiang Yu. “Don't talk absurdities!” said Hsiang Liang, putting his hand over his nephew’s mouth. “Do you want our clan wiped out?”

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Qín shǐhuángdì yóu Kuàijī, dù Zhèjiāng, Liáng yǔ Jí jù guān. Jí yuē: “Bǐ kě qǔ ér dài yě.” Liáng yǎn qí kǒu, yuē: “Wú wàngyán, zú yǐ!”

秦始皇帝游會稽，渡浙江，梁與籍俱觀。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

秦始皇帝游会稽，渡浙江，梁与籍俱观。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

At the time Shen Ch’ung of Wu-hsing was a prefecture magistrate, and was just then escorting a guest across the Che River. When he and his guest appeared, the innkeeper evacuated Ch’u, and moved him down to the ox shed. The tidal bore arrived. Shen got up and was strolling back and forth.

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Ěrshí Wúxīng Shěn Chōng wéi xiànlìng, dāng sòngkè guò Zhèjiāng, kè chū, tínglì qū gōng yí niúwū xià. Cháoshuǐ zhì, Shěn-lìng qǐ pánghuáng.

爾時吳興沈充爲縣令，當送客過浙江，客出，亭吏驅公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

尔时吴兴沈充为县令，当送客过浙江，客出，亭吏驱公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

The tidal bore on the Che River is one of the greatest sights of the world.

c. 1280s, Zhou Mi, Reminiscences of Wulin, translated by Richard Strassberg

Zhèjiāng zhī cháo, tiānxià zhī wěiguān yě.

浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。

浙江之潮，天下之伟观也。

(historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


江西

→ Thai: กังไส (gang-sǎi, “Jingdezhen porcelain”) (via Min Nan)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ (giyangsi)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

;“Jiangxi Province”
;“Region to the north of the Yangtze River”

(～省) Jiangxi (a province in southern China)

(～區域, formerly ～郡) Kangsŏ (a ward of Namp'o, South Pyongan Province, North Korea)

(historical) region to the north of Yangtze River; sometimes includes the Central Plains (as opposed to 江東／江东 (Jiāngdōng)).


海口

→ English: Haikou, Hai-k'ou, Hoihow

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Haikou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, China)


長春

→ English: Changchun, Ch'ang-ch'un

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

dyoeng² cuong¹ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ cuong¹]

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

(～市) Changchun (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Jilin, China)


昆明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昆明):
* → Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
* → Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming

→ Hungarian: Kunming

→ Portuguese: Kunming

→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)

→ Spanish: Kunming

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


瀋陽

Sino-Xenic (瀋陽):
* → Japanese: 瀋陽(しんよう) (Shin'yō)
* → Korean: 심양(瀋陽) (Simyang)
* → Vietnamese: Thẩm Dương (瀋陽)

→ English: Shenyang, Shen-yang

→ Japanese: 瀋(シェン)陽(ヤン) (Shen'yan)

→ Korean: 선양 (Seonyang)

→ Zhuang: Sinjyangz

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

Named in reference to its location to the north (the sunny side) of the Shen River. Coined in 1296 when the Shen Prefecture (瀋州／沈州) was converted to Shenyang Circuit (瀋陽路).

(～市) Shenyang (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Liaoning, China)


新西伯利亞

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


西伯利亞

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

1903, 陳天華 [Chen Tianhua], “猛回頭”, in 汪靜之, editor, 愛國詩選, volume 3, 商務印書館, published 1938, page 288:

Yòu bǎ zhè guìzú fùhù yǐjí dúshū de rén, dōu yòng qiúlóng qiú le, sòng wǎng nà chángnián yǒu xuě de Xībólìyà, gòng shù sān wàn, měi yī duì yǒu bīng yī duì yāsòng.

又把這貴族富戶以及讀書的人，都用囚籠囚了，送往那常年有雪的西伯利亞，共數三萬，每一隊有兵一隊押送。

又把这贵族富户以及读书的人，都用囚笼囚了，送往那常年有雪的西伯利亚，共数三万，每一队有兵一队押送。


石家莊

desc

→ English: Shijiazhuang, Shih-chia-chuang

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zorng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² zorng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zung¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lung¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

sih⁷ gor¹ zng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～市) Shijiazhuang (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Hebei, China)


成都

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成都):
* → Japanese: 成(せい)都(と) (Seito)
* → Korean: 성도(成都) (Seongdo)
* → Vietnamese: Thành Đô (成都)

→ English: Chengdu, Chengtu, Ch'eng-tu

→ French: Chengdu, Tcheng-tou

ja-r

チョントゥー (Chontū)

→ Japanese: チョントゥー (Chontū), チェンドゥ (Chendu)

→ Korean: 청두 (Cheongdu)

→ Manchu: ᠴᡝᠩ
ᡩᡠ (ceng du)

→ Portuguese: Chengdu

→ Russian: Чэнду́ (Čɛndú)

→ Zhuang: Cwngzduh

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

May be the transcription of a native non-Chinese word. Attested on excavated artefacts dating to the late Warring States Period, as well as in the Records of the Grand Historian.
Compare 邛都, 新都 (Xīndū), 廣都／广都, 筰都, 武都 (Wǔdū), all of which are toponyms in present-day southwest China with 都 (OC *taː) as the second syllable. In particular, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, 邛都 (OC *ɡoŋ taː) and 筰都 (OC *zaːɡ taː) were originally names of tribes that were "Southwestern Barbarians" (西南夷 (Xīnányí)).

zh-l

西南夷 (Xīnányí)

(～市) Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, China)

(～市) (historical) Chengdu (the capital city of the kingdom of Shu)


合肥

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

(～市) Hefei (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Anhui, China)


鄭州

desc

English: Cheng-chou, Chengchow, Zhengzhou

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhengzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China)


聖馬力諾

ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ maː¹³ lɪk̚² nɔːk̚²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴⁻² lɔk̚²⁴/

/sən³³ ma⁵⁵ liɪʔ³³ noʔ²¹/

/sən⁴⁴ ma²² liɪʔ⁵⁵ noʔ²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ maː¹³ lɪk̚² nɔːk̚²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴⁻² lɔk̚²⁴/

/sən³³ ma⁵⁵ liɪʔ³³ noʔ²¹/

/sən⁴⁴ ma²² liɪʔ⁵⁵ noʔ²¹/

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


摩納哥

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ naːp̚² kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² ko³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ naːp̚² kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² ko³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/


第比利斯

ㄉㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

/ti⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/ti⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

Borrowed from Georgian თბილისი (tbilisi).

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Tbilisi (a city, the capital city of Georgia)


埃里溫

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Yerevan (a city, the capital city of Armenia)


盧旺達

/lu³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ wɔːŋ²² taːt̚²/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² tat̚²⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚⁴/

/lu³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ wɔːŋ²² taːt̚²/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² tat̚²⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


蒙塞拉特

ㄇㄥˊ ㄙㄞ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄙㄞ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

/mɤŋ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɤŋ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean)


馬爾代夫

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄨ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄨ

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tɔːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tɔːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


馬紹爾群島

ㄇㄚˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Машаоэр Цюньдао

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ siːu̯²² jiː¹³ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²²⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/maː¹³ siːu̯²² jiː¹³ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (a country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


瓦努阿圖

ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄨˇ ㄚ ㄊㄨˊ

ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄨˇ ㄚ ㄊㄨˊ

/wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ nou̯¹³ aː³³ tʰou̯²¹/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³ tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ nou̯¹³ aː³³ tʰou̯²¹/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³ tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

(Mainland China) Vanuatu (a country and archipelago of Melanesia in Oceania)


特立尼達和多巴哥

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜ

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜ

Тэлинида хэ Добагэ

/tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ ni³⁵ tä³⁵ xɤ³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² laːp̚² nei̯²¹ taːt̚² wɔː²¹ tɔː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/tiak̚²⁴⁻² lip̚²⁴⁻² nĩ²⁴⁻²² tat̚²⁴⁻² hɔ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³ pa³³ ko³³/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lip̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴⁻³² ho²⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ¹³⁻²² tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English:_Q754

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands and several smaller islands in the Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela)


塞舌爾

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sɐk̚⁵ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sɐk̚⁵ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

(Mainland China) Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


里加

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴/

Riga (a city, the capital city of Latvia)


烏拉圭

/u⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ³³ la³³ kui³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/u⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ³³ la³³ kui³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/


明斯克

/miŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³ kʰiak̚⁵/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/min²² sz̩⁵⁵ kʰəʔ²¹/

/miŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³ kʰiak̚⁵/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/min²² sz̩⁵⁵ kʰəʔ²¹/

Minsk (a city, the capital city of Belarus)


巴庫

/pä⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/


維爾紐斯

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄙ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄙ

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³ nɐu̯³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/vi²² ɦəl⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɤ³³ sz̩²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³ nɐu̯³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/vi²² ɦəl⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɤ³³ sz̩²¹/

Vilnius (a city, the capital city of Lithuania)


布拉格

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ kiak̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ kiak̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/

Prague (a city, the capital city of the Czech Republic)


華沙

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ sa⁴⁴/

/hua¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ sa⁴⁴/

/hua¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

Warsaw (a city, the capital city of Poland)


布拉迪斯拉發

Bùlādísīlāfā

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄌㄚ ㄈㄚ

Bùlādísīlāfā

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄌㄚ ㄈㄚ

Буладисылафа

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɪk̚² siː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ faːt̚³/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ tiak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³ la³³ huat̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/pu³³ la⁵⁵ diɪʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ la³³ faʔ²¹/

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/pu³³ la⁵⁵ diɪʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ la³³ faʔ²¹/

(Mainland China) Bratislava (a city, the capital city of Slovakia)

布拉提斯拉瓦

Bùlātísīlāwǎ


杜尚別

ㄉㄨˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

ㄉㄨˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sœːŋ²² piːt̚²/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² piɛt̚²⁴/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siaŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sœːŋ²² piːt̚²/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² piɛt̚²⁴/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siaŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹/

(Mainland China) Dushanbe (a city, the capital city of Tajikistan)


阿什哈巴德

ㄚ ㄕˊ ㄏㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄚ ㄕˊ ㄏㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄜˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐp̚² haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚⁴⁻³² ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐp̚² haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/


喀布爾

/kʰä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³/

/kʰiak̚³²⁻⁵ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/kʰä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³/

/kʰiak̚³²⁻⁵ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³/


伯爾尼

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³/

/paʔ³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³/

/paʔ³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

(Mainland China) Bern (a city, the capital city of Switzerland)


維也納

/weɪ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ jaː¹³ naːp̚²/

/vi¹¹ i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ nap̚⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lap̚²⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ia³³⁻¹¹ lap̚⁴/

/ui²³⁻³³ ia³³⁻²¹ lap̚⁴/

/vi²² ɦie⁵⁵ naʔ²¹/

/vi²² ɦie⁵⁵ nəʔ²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ jaː¹³ naːp̚²/

/vi¹¹ i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ nap̚⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lap̚²⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ia³³⁻¹¹ lap̚⁴/

/ui²³⁻³³ ia³³⁻²¹ lap̚⁴/

/vi²² ɦie⁵⁵ naʔ²¹/

/vi²² ɦie⁵⁵ nəʔ²¹/

1854, William Muirhead, “地質論”, in 地理全志, volume 1, Shanghai: 墨海書館, page 7:

Ōuluóbā yǒu cǐ céng shèn duō, Lúndūn, Bālísī, Wéiyěnà sān jīngdū jiànzào qí shàng.

歐羅巴有此層甚多，倫敦、巴黎斯、維也納三京都建造其上。

欧罗巴有此层甚多，伦敦、巴黎斯、维也纳三京都建造其上。

Vienna (a city, the capital city of Austria)


美利堅合眾國

ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄢ ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄢ ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Мэйлицзянь хэчжунго

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ lei̯²² kiːn⁵⁵ hɐp̚² t͡sʊŋ³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

Calque of English United States of America.

calque

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


斯德哥爾摩

ㄙ ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˊ

ㄙ ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˊ

/sz̩⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/sɯ³³ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ko³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ko⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ko⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃¹³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ təʔ³³ ku³³ ɦəl³³ mu²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ təʔ³³ ku³³ ɦəl³³ mo²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/sɯ³³ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ko³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ təʔ³³ ku³³ ɦəl³³ mu²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ təʔ³³ ku³³ ɦəl³³ mo²¹/

Stockholm (a city, the capital city of Sweden)


雅典

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ tiːn³⁵/

/ŋa³¹ tiɛn³¹/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ tiːn³⁵/

/ŋa³¹ tiɛn³¹/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/

Borrowed from a European language; compare English Athens, German Athen, etc. Attested as early as 1838, in 古今萬國綱鑑 by German missionary Karl Gützlaff.

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 6, page 26:

Yú cháng wén zhī Yīng guān Lǐ Tàiguō yún: Yǎdiǎn zuì jiǎng wénxué, yìxí zhī jīng, wéi tàixī zhī Zōulǔ.

余嘗聞之英官李太郭云：雅典最講文學，肄習之精，為泰西之鄒魯。

余尝闻之英官李太郭云：雅典最讲文学，肄习之精，为泰西之邹鲁。

Athens (a city, the capital city of Greece)


阿博特

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Abbot or Abbott


阿克曼

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Ackerman


艾狄生

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ti³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ti³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Addison


艾迪生

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ti³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ti³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/


阿狄森

/ˀä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname and female given name Addison


阿德拉

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English female given name Adela


高峰

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

(～村) Gaofeng (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


阿道夫

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Adolph or German Adolf.

A transliteration of the English male given name Adolph

A transliteration of the German male given name Adolf


艾伯特

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²² paːk̚³ tɐk̚²/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²² paːk̚³ tɐk̚²/

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Albert


阿利克

/ˀä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Alick


阿利

A transliteration of the English surname Aly


安德森

/ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Anderson

A transliteration of the English, Danish, Icelandic, or Norwegian surname Andersen


安娜

/ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ nã³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ nã³³/

A transliteration of the English, Czech, German, Italian, Finnish, French, Polish, Portuguese, or Swedish female given name Anna

Анна Анна#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian female given name Анна (Anna), Anna

(Protestantism, uncommon) Anna (the prophetess)


安妮

/ˀän⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

Borrowed from English Anne, or French Anne.

A transliteration of the English female given name Ann

A transliteration of the English or French female given name Anne


安托瓦妮特

ㄢ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄧ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄢ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄧ ㄊㄜˋ

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the French female given name Antoinette


阿姆斯特朗

ㄚ ㄇㄨˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄤˇ

ㄚ ㄇㄨˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄤˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ mou̯¹³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² lɔːŋ¹³/

/aː³³ mou̯¹³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² lɔːŋ¹³/

A transliteration of the English surname Armstrong


阿瑟

A transliteration of the English male given name Arthur


阿特利

/ˀä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Attlee


奧古斯丁

ㄠˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄙ ㄉㄧㄥ

ㄠˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄙ ㄉㄧㄥ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ kuː³⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ kuː³⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Augustine


巴比特

/pä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Babbitt


巴比

/pä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


天安門

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴ mun¹¹/

teng¹ ang¹ muei² [Phonetic:teng⁵ ang⁵ muei²]

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

teng¹ ang¹ mui² [Phonetic:teng⁵ ang⁵ mui²]

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴ mun¹¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

Gate of Heavenly Peace
Gate of Heavenly Peace#English

Tian'anmen, Tiananmen, Gate of Heavenly Peace (a gate in Beijing, China)

short for 天安門廣場／天安门广场 (Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng, “Tiananmen Square”)


巴尼

A transliteration of the English male given name Barney


巴雷特

/pä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Barrett


巴里

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

* The city in Ontario is borrowed from English Barrie.
* The city in Italy is borrowed from Italian Bari.

Bari (the capital city of Apulia, Italy)

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Barry or Barrie


新建

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Xinjian (a district and former county of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

(～社區) Xinjian (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Xinjian (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


仰光

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (仰光):
* → Vietnamese: Ngưỡng Quang (仰光)

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ¹³ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/ɡiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲin²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ¹³ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/ɡiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲin²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 3, page 12:

Huáshāng huágōng zài Yǎngguāng zhě sān wàn yú rén, Mǐn shāng jū sān fēn zhī yī, shēngyì jiào dà, Yuè rén suī duō ér shēngyì cì zhī.

華商華工在仰光者三萬餘人，閩商居三分之一，生意較大，粵人雖多而生意次之。

华商华工在仰光者三万余人，闽商居三分之一，生意较大，粤人虽多而生意次之。


嫦娥

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

/soŋ¹¹ ŋo¹¹/

/suoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋo⁵³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋo⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

/soŋ¹¹ ŋo¹¹/

/suoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋo⁵³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃²³/

/siaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃²⁴/

/siaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋo⁵⁵/

Euphemistic form of 姮娥 (Héng'é) from the Han dynasty, since 姮 (héng) is homophonous with 恆／恒 (héng), the personal name of Emperor Wen of Han.

(Chinese mythology) Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon


玉門關

Юймэнь Гуань

/y⁵¹ mən³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/jʊk̚² muːn²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ mən³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/jʊk̚² muːn²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Qiāngdí héxū yuàn yángliǔ, chūnfēng bù dù Yùménguān.

羌笛何須怨楊柳，春風不度玉門關。

羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。

Great Wall of China
Great Wall of China#English

Yumen Pass (a gap in the Great Wall of China, west of Dunhuang, located in what is today Gansu province)


藏語

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² jyː¹³/

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² jyː¹³/


俄文

/ˀɤ³⁵ wən³⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ŋo⁵³⁻³³ uŋ⁵³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ bun²³/

/ˀɤ³⁵ wən³⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ŋo⁵³⁻³³ uŋ⁵³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ bun²³/

the Russian language (especially written)


三亞

Sino-Xenic (三亞):
* → Vietnamese: Tam Á (三亞)

→ English: Sanya

/sän⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ aː³³/

/sän⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ aː³³/

First attested in 1521 in 正德瓊台志.
Wang (2014) suggests that 三亞 is borrowed from a Hlai word meaning "field with crows".
* 三 (Hainanese /ta¹/) is borrowed from Hlai dax (“field; farmland”) (Heitu dialect: /naː²/).
* 亞／亚 (Hainanese /a¹/) is likely borrowed from Hlai eek (“crow”) (Heitu dialect: /ʔaːʔ⁹/).
Note that toponyms with 三 as the first character are common in southern Hainan where the Hlai (Li) people live.
Originally referring to the area around Sanya Harbor (三亞港), it replaced 崖縣／崖县 (Yáxiàn, “Ya County”) in 1984 to refer to the entire prefecture-level city.

(～市) Sanya (a prefecture-level city of Hainan, China)


沖繩

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 沖縄 (Okinawa).

obor

(～市) Okinawa (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


莫克沙語

ㄇㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄚ ㄩˇ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄚ ㄩˇ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


芭蕉

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

(～侗族鄉) Bajiao (a township in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


大德

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

(～鎮) Dade (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


大同

→ English: Datong, Tatung

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

The philosophical sense is from the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》)

… In this way (selfish) schemings were repressed and found no development. Robbers, filchers, and rebellious traitors did not show themselves, and hence the outer doors remained open, and were not shut. This was (the period of) what we call the Grand Union.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

...... Shìgù móu bì ér bù xīng, dàoqiè luànzéi ér bù zuò, gù wàihù ér bù bì, shì wèi dàtóng.

……是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

……是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。

(～市) Datong (a prefecture-level city of Shanxi, China)

Yunzhou District
Yunzhou District#English

(～縣) (historical) Datong (a former county of Datong, Shanxi, China; modern Yunzhou District)

(～區) Datong (a district of Taipei, Taiwan)

Datong District
w:Datong District, Daqing

(～區) Datong District (a district of Daqing, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鄉) Datong Township (various townships in Mainland China)

(～鄉) Datong (a mountain indigenous township in Yilan County, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Datong Town (various towns in Mainland China)

(～社區) Datong (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(historical) the Datong era (a Chinese era name):

The fifth era of Emperor Wu of Liang, from 535 to 546.

The third era of Emperor Wuxuan of Dafengmin (formerly Nanzhao), ending in 888.

Emperor Taizong
w:Emperor Taizong of Liao

The third era of Emperor Taizong of Liao, in 947.

The second era of Puxian Wannu as emperor of Eastern Xia, from 1224 to 1233.

The era of Puyi as chief executive of the Japanese puppet state of the State of Manchuria (Manchukuo), from 1932 until his enthronement as emperor with the establishment of the Empire of Manchuria in 1934.


公教

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ kau⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ kau⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau²¹/


花旗國

ㄏㄨㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄏㄨㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hua⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hua⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

United States of America
United States of America


花旗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (花旗):
* → Vietnamese: Hoa Kì (花旗), Hoa Kỳ (花旗)

variegated flag; particolored flag (Star-Spangled Banner)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/faː⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/fa³³ kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/ho⁵⁵ d͡ʑi²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/faː⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/fa³³ kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/ho⁵⁵ d͡ʑi²¹/

Star-Spangled Banner
Star-Spangled Banner

Star-Spangled Banner; Stars and Stripes (American flag)

(dated or dialectal) United States (a country in North America)


角宿

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ sɐu̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ sɐu̯³³/

Twenty-Eight Mansions
w:Twenty-Eight Mansions

(Chinese astronomy) Horn (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)


江北

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze, especially areas close to the north shore of the Yangtze in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Chongqing, China)

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


金剛

Phono-semantic matching of English King Kong.

psm

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kim²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kim²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/


鳥巢

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/niːu̯¹³ t͡sʰaːu̯²¹/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/niːu̯¹³ t͡sʰaːu̯²¹/


明朝

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (明朝):
* → Japanese: 明(みん)朝(ちょう) (minchō)

Zhuang: Mingzciuz

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

/miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiau¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiau²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiau²³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiau¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiau²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiau²³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

The Ming and Qing dynasties were golden periods for the art of seal cutting.

Míngcháo hé Qīngcháo shì zhuànkè yìshù de liǎng duàn huángjīnshíqī.

明朝和清朝是篆刻藝術的兩段黃金時期。

明朝和清朝是篆刻艺术的两段黄金时期。


新書

Sino-Xenic (新書):
* → Japanese: 新書(しんしょ) (shinsho)
* → Korean: 신서(新書) (sinseo)
* → Vietnamese: Tân Thư (新書)

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

Xinshu (ancient text written by Jia Yi during the Western Han dynasty)


庇護

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/pʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔ⁴¹/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/pi¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/pi²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/pʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔ⁴¹/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/pi¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/pi²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/


叔季

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Duke Huan of Lu (711 BCE - 694 BCE) had four sons. His oldest son, Duke Zhuang of Lu, succeeded his father. His other three sons were Qingfu (慶父), Shu Ya (叔牙) and Ji You (季友), and they founded the clans known as the Three Huan. The latter two brothers became the patriarchs of powerful landlord families that later came to be used as a metaphor for those who monopolize power.

(archaic) the House of the Descendants of Shu Ya (died 662 BCE) and the House of the Descendants of Ji You (died 644 BCE)


神州

/ʂən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʂən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

zh-l

赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu)

Wéi Wáng chéngxiàng qiǎorán biànsè yuē: “Dāng gòng lùlì wángshì, kèfù Shénzhōu, hé zhì zuò Chǔqiú xiàngduì!”

唯王丞相愀然變色曰：「當共戮力王室，克復神州，何至作楚囚相對！」

唯王丞相愀然变色曰：「当共戮力王室，克复神州，何至作楚囚相对！」

Héchù wàng Shénzhōu? Mǎnyǎn fēngguāng Běigùlóu.

何處望神州？滿眼風光北固樓。

何处望神州？满眼风光北固楼。

Shénzhōu zhǐ zài lángān běi, dù dù lái shí pà shàng lóu.

神州只在闌干北，度度來時怕上樓。

神州只在阑干北，度度来时怕上楼。

(literary) the Divine Land (Central Plain or China)


金甌

Borrowed from Vietnamese, probably a phono-semantic matching of Vietnamese Cà Mau, likely via Cantonese.

psm

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/


黍離

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li³⁵/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li³⁵/

Thus I composed this piece, which is regarded by Qianyan the senior [i.e. Xiao Dezao] as rivalling Shuli.

1176 Dec. 14, Jiang Kui (姜夔), 《揚州慢•淮左名都》, translation based on the work by Zhuo Zhenying

Yīn zì dù cǐ qū, Qiānyánlǎorén yǐwéi yǒu “Shǔlí” zhī bēi yě.

因自度此曲，千巖老人以為有《黍離》之悲也。

因自度此曲，千岩老人以为有《黍离》之悲也。

Shuli (the title of the 65ᵗʰ poem in the Classic of Poetry)


太阿

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ɔː⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ɔː⁵⁵/

Tai'e (the name of an ancient sword, referenced in the Records of the Grand Historian)


中共

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ¹¹/

Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China

中共中央宣傳部

中共中央宣传部

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

中共中央總書記

中共中央总书记

中國共產黨 中國共產黨#Chinese

中国共产党 中国共产党#Chinese

(politics) short for 中國共產黨／中国共产党 (Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng, “Communist Party of China”)

中國共產黨

(Taiwan, sometimes derogatory) People's Republic of China; Red China


方正

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Fangzheng (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


有窮

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

(archaic) State of Youqiong (during the Xia dynasty)


后羿

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² ŋɐi̯²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ ɡe³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² ŋɐi̯²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ ɡe³³/

(Chinese mythology) Hou Yi (mythological Chinese archer)


冬山

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

(～鄉) Dongshan (a rural township in Yilan County, Taiwan)


敬才

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

the style name of Hu Miao (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)


新豐

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ hɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ hɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

(archaic) Xinfeng (in present day Lintong District, Shaanxi)

(～縣) Xinfeng (a county of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

(～鄉) Xinfeng (a rural township in Hsinchu County, Taiwan)


霸陵

/pä⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/pä⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

Named so since the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han is located near the Ba River.

Baling (in present day Baqiao District, Xi'an)


半月

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Banyue (a town in Dangyang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


高天原

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高天原 (literally “Plain of High Heaven”).

obor

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Takamagahara


終南山

Чжуннань Шань

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

Zhongnan Mountains south of Xi'an in Shaanxi, China


公明

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/


驊騮

/xu̯ä³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Hualiu, Qiji, Xianli, and Lü'er; those are the fine steeds of yore.

Huáliú, Qíjì, Xiānlí, Lǜ'ěr, cǐ jiē gǔ zhī liángmǎ yě.

驊騮、騹驥、纖離、綠耳，此皆古之良馬也。

骅骝、𬴆骥、纤离、绿耳，此皆古之良马也。

(historical) Hualiu (one of eight horses owned by King Mu of Zhou)


蘇杭

/su⁵⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ hɔːŋ²¹/

/su⁵⁵ ɦɑ̃²¹/

/su⁵⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ hɔːŋ²¹/

/su⁵⁵ ɦɑ̃²¹/

Short for 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu) + 杭州 (Hángzhōu).

zh-etym-short

Suhang (abbreviation for the region encompassing the eastern Chinese cities of Suzhou and Hangzhou)


東澗

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(archaic) Dongjian (north of present day Lingbao)


白波

/paɪ̯³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² pʰo³³/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² pʰo³³/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤ⁴⁴/


渭陽

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Weiyang (an ancient placename north of the Wei River)


曹陽

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Caoyang (southwest of present day Shan County, Henan)


大陽

/tä⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Dayang County (present day Pinglu County, in the Shanxi province of northern China)


安邑

(archaic) Anyi (present day Xia County, in the Shanxi province of northern China)


建都

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tu⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tu⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

(historical) Jiandu, a former name of Xichang (西昌), a city in southern Sichuan, China


箕山

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Mount Ji (southeast of present day Dengfeng)


許都

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/

(archaic) the capital at Xu; the last capital of the Later Han (present day Xuchang, Henan, China)


徐郡

/ɕy³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ kʷɐn²²/

/ɕy³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ kʷɐn²²/

(archaic) Xu Commandery (present day Xuzhou)


軹道

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) Zhi Road (name of an ancient road near present day Jiyuan, Henan, China)


野王

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Yewang (present day Qinyang, Henan, China)


史記

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ɬo⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ki⁴²/

/ɬo³³²⁻²¹ ki⁴²/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki¹¹/

/su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ɬo⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ki⁴²/

/ɬo³³²⁻²¹ ki⁴²/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki¹¹/

/su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

Records of the Grand Historian (an important Chinese history book written by Han dynasty scholar Sima Qian from 109 BCE to 91 BCE)


興平

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

the Xingping era (194-195), a Chinese era name from the reign of Emperor Xian of Han

(～市) Xingping (a county-level city of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xingping (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


建安

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

Emperor Xian of Han
w:Emperor Xian of Han

the Jian'an era (Chinese era name from the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, 196–220)

(～區) Jian'an (a district of Xuchang, Henan, China)

(～郡) Kiến An (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)

(～郡) (historical) Jian'an (a commandery of ancient China that existed between the Eastern Wu and the Tang dynasty and whose capital was located in modern Jian'ou, Fujian, China)


林肯

/lin³⁵ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɐŋ³⁵/

/lin³⁵ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɐŋ³⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname and male given name Lincoln

Lincoln (a city, the state capital of Nebraska, United States)


中歐

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ au³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ au³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

Central Europe
Central Europe#English:_Q27509

Central Europe (a geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany)


北歐

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ au⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ au³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ au⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ au⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ au⁴⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ au⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ au³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ au⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ au⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ au⁴⁴/

北歐五國

北欧五国

北歐理事會

北欧理事会

北歐神話

北欧神话

Northern Europe
Northern Europe#English:_Q27479

Northern Europe (a sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania)


西歐

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

Western Europe
Western Europe#English:_Q27496

Western Europe (a sociopolitical region in the west of Europe)


聖文森特和格林納丁斯

ㄕㄥˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄙㄣ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄙ

sing³ man⁴ sam¹ dak⁶ wo⁴ gaak³ lam⁴ naap⁶ ding¹ si¹

ㄕㄥˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄙㄣ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄙ

Шэнвэньсэньтэ хэ Гэлиньнадинсы

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ wən³⁵ sən⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ nä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

sing màhn sām dahk wòh gaak làhm naahp dīng sī

sing³ man⁴ sam¹ dak⁹ wo⁴ gaak⁸ lam⁴ naap⁹ ding¹ si¹

xing³ men⁴ sem¹ deg⁶ wo⁴ gag³ lem⁴ nab⁶ ding¹ xi¹

/sɪŋ³³ mɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵ tɐk̚² wɔː²¹ kaːk̚³ lɐm²¹ naːp̚² tɪŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bun²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ho²⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun²⁴⁻²² səm³³ tiak̚²⁴⁻² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² tiɪŋ³³ sɯ³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bun¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/ Sèng-bûn-serm-tia̍k hô͘ Kiak-lîm-la̍p-teng-sir /

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English:_Q757

(Mainland China) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines)


聖文森及格瑞納丁

ㄕㄥˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄙㄣ ㄐㄧˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄥ

sing³ man⁴ sam¹ kap⁶ gaak³ seoi⁶ naap⁶ ding¹

ㄕㄥˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄙㄣ ㄐㄧˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄥ

Шэнвэньсэнь цзи Гэжуйнадин

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ wən³⁵ sən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ kɤ³⁵ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

sing màhn sām kahp gaak seuih naahp dīng

sing³ man⁴ sam¹ kap⁹ gaak⁸ soey⁶ naap⁹ ding¹

xing³ men⁴ sem¹ keb⁶ gag³ sêu⁶ nab⁶ ding¹

/sɪŋ³³ mɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚² kaːk̚³ sɵy̯²² naːp̚² tɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines)


芒碭

/mɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ⁵¹/

(archaic) Mount Mang and Mount Dang (two mountains located to the southeast of present day Dangshan County, Anhui)

Mount Mangdang (located to the southeast of present day Dangshan County, Anhui)


天王

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

Earliest extant attestation is in the Spring and Autumn Annals [c. 5th century BCE]:
*

circa

5th century <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

In autumn, in the seventh month, the Heaven-appointed king sent the [sub] administrator Xuan with a present of [two] carriages and their horses for the funerals of duke Hui and [his wife] the second-born Zi.

Spring and Autumn Annals, c. 5th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Qiū, qīyuè, tiānwáng shǐ zǎi Xuān lái guī Huìgōng Zhòngzǐ zhī fèng.

秋，七月，天王使宰咺來歸惠公仲子之賵。

秋，七月，天王使宰咺来归惠公仲子之赗。

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
w:Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

(historical) Heavenly King (the title for Hong Xiuquan, the head of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom)

(～村) Tianwang (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


魚鱗

/jyː²¹⁻³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹ lin²²/

/ŋ̍¹¹ lin¹¹/

/ŋy³³ saiŋ³³/

/ŋy⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/hy¹³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/hy²⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹⁻³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹ lin²²/

/ŋ̍¹¹ lin¹¹/

/ŋy³³ saiŋ³³/

/ŋy⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/hy¹³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/hy²⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Yulin (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


玉帝

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² tɐi̯³³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te¹¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² tɐi̯³³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² te¹¹/

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) Short for 玉皇大帝 (Yùhuáng Dàdì).

Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism


玉皇

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (玉皇):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)皇(こう) (Gyokukō)
* → Korean: 옥황(玉皇) (Okhwang)
* → Vietnamese: Ngọc Hoàng (玉皇)

→ English: Jade Emperor (calque)

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/kœʔ⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒŋ¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²³/

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/kœʔ⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒŋ¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ²³/

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the Jade Emperor


義帝

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/


百事

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

百事可樂 百事可樂#Chinese

百事可乐 百事可乐#Chinese

short for 百事可樂／百事可乐 (bǎishì kělè, “Pepsi”)


故宮

/ku⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ³³/

/ku⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ³³/

There is a wall in the Forbidden City that has not been opened until now.

Gùgōng lǐ yǒu yī dǔ qiáng, yīzhí dào xiànzài cái jiēkāi.

故宮裡有一堵牆，一直到現在才揭開。

故宫里有一堵墙，一直到现在才揭开。

國立故宮博物院 國立故宮博物院#Chinese

国立故宫博物院 国立故宫博物院#Chinese

故宮博物院 故宮博物院#Chinese

故宫博物院 故宫博物院#Chinese

National Palace Museum (short for 國立故宮博物院／国立故宫博物院 or 故宮博物院／故宫博物院)


大梁

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² lœːŋ²¹/

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² lœːŋ²¹/

(historical) Daliang (present day Kaifeng)


濟陰

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

(archaic) Jiyin Commandery (near present day Dingtao County)


五霸

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ paː³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ paː³³/

(historical, collective) the Five Hegemons


魯陽

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Luyang (present day Lushan County, Henan)


太白

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ paːk̚²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪk̚²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚¹²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ paːk̚²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪk̚²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚¹²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚⁴/

(historical astronomy) Venus (second planet in our solar system)

(historical) Alternative name for 李白 (“Li Bai”).

(～縣) Taibai (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China)

(～區) Taihaku (a ward of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


鎮星

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

(historical astronomy) Saturn (the second largest planet in Earth's solar system)


熒惑

/iŋ³⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jɪŋ²¹ waːk̚²/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hiak̚⁴/

/*ɡʷeːŋ ɡʷɯːɡ/

/iŋ³⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jɪŋ²¹ waːk̚²/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hiak̚⁴/

/*ɡʷeːŋ ɡʷɯːɡ/

(historical astronomy) Mars (fourth planet in the solar system)


天關

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

(astronomy) Celestial Gate (an asterism within the Net constellation)


流水

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


古來

→ Malay: Kulai

This place was originally known as 龜來, since many turtles are found on the river bank after floods. Since the character 龜 is complex, it is later renamed 古來.

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Kulai District (a district of Johor, Malaysia)

Kulai (a town, the capital of Kulai district, Johor, Malaysia)


本草綱目

ㄅㄣˇ ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄤ ㄇㄨˋ

ㄅㄣˇ ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄤ ㄇㄨˋ

Бэньцао Ганму

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/puːn³⁵ t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/puːn³⁵ t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/


聯盟

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

(～村) Lianmeng (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


民權

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

(～縣) Minquan (a county of Shangqiu, Henan, China)

(～街道) Minquan (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


的黎波里

ㄉㄧ ㄌㄧˊ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄉㄧ ㄌㄧˊ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˇ

/ti⁵⁵ li³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪk̚⁵ lɐi̯²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/ti⁵⁵ li³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪk̚⁵ lɐi̯²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/


邯鄲

Sino-Xenic (邯鄲):
* → Japanese: 邯鄲(かんたん) (Kantan)
* → Korean: 한단(邯鄲) (Handan)

→ English: Handan, Han-tan

/xän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

(historical) Handan (capital of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period, in present-day Handan City)

(～市) Handan (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)

(～縣) (historical) Handan (a former county of Handan, Hebei, China, succeeded by Congtai and Hanshan Districts)


東平

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Dongping (a county of Tai'an, Shandong, China)

(historical) State of Dongping (east of present-day Dongping County)


加德滿都

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄇㄢˇ ㄉㄨ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄇㄢˇ ㄉㄨ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ muːn¹³ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ka³³ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ muːn¹³ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ka³³ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English Kathmandu, from Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u), from Sanskrit काष्ठमण्डप (kāṣṭhamaṇḍapa), from काष्ठ (kāṣṭha, “wood”) + मण्डप (maṇḍapa, “pavilion”).

bor

Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u)


春秋

ja-r

春秋(しゅんじゅう) (shunjū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (春秋):
* → Japanese: 春秋(しゅんじゅう) (shunjū)
* → Korean: 춘추(春秋) (chunchu)
* → Vietnamese: Xuân Thu (春秋)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

the Spring and Autumn Annals (the chronicle of the state of Lu)

the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)


非死不可

ㄈㄟ ㄙˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ

ㄈㄟ ㄙˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phono-semantic matching of English Facebook.


臉書

/li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/


日立

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² lɐp̚²/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² lɐp̚²/

(～市) Hitachi, a city in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan


綜合

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

(～村) Zonghe (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


宜城

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yicheng (a county-level city of Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Yicheng (an economic and technological development zone in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


曼谷

/män⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/man⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʊk̚¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/maŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚⁴/

/män⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/man⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʊk̚¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/maŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚⁴/

Borrowed from Thai บางกอก (baang-gɔ̀ɔk), via Hokkien.

1898, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使日記續刻, volume 5, page 26:

Guāngxù shíyī nián, Xiānluó rù tàixī gèguó zhī yóuzhèng huì, ānshè diànxiàn, nán shǐ Màngǔ, běi zhǐ Jǐngmài, zhōng tōng gè chéng, yòu dōng zhì Xīgòng, xī jiē Xiàmiǎndiàn, gòngyǒu diànxiàn wǔ qiān yībǎi sìshí lǐ yǒu qí.

光緒十一年，暹羅入泰西各國之郵政會，安設電線，南始曼谷，北止景邁，中通各城，又東至西貢，西接下緬甸，共有電線五千一百四十里有奇。

光绪十一年，暹罗入泰西各国之邮政会，安设电线，南始曼谷，北止景迈，中通各城，又东至西贡，西接下缅甸，共有电线五千一百四十里有奇。

1929, 龔學遂, 中國民族海外發展狀況, 大華書社, page 21:

Màngǔ de huáqiáo, zài shíwǔ wàn zhì èrshí wàn zhījiān, Xiānluó zhèngfǔ yǔnxǔ huáqiáo zìyóu rù guó, bìng miǎnchú qiángzhì láodòng.

曼谷的華僑，在十五萬至二十萬之間，暹羅政府允許華僑自由入國，併免除強制勞動。

1929, 龔學遂, 中國民族海外發展狀況, 大華書社, page 21:

曼谷的华侨，在十五万至二十万之间，暹罗政府允许华侨自由入国，并免除强制劳动。


開羅

→ Zhuang: Gaihloz

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

Cairo (a city, the capital city of Egypt)


薩那

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ nã⁴¹/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ nã⁵³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ nã⁵³/

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ nã⁴¹/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ nã⁵³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ nã⁵³/

(Mainland China) Sana'a (a city, the capital city of Yemen)


巴格達

/pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ tä³⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tat̚⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tat̚⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tat̚⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ tat̚¹²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ tä³⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tat̚⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tat̚⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tat̚⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ tat̚¹²¹/


鮮卑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鮮卑):
* → Japanese: 鮮(せん)卑(ぴ) (senpi)
* → Korean: 선비(鮮卑) (seonbi)
* → Vietnamese: Tiên Ti (鮮卑)

→ English: Xianbei

→ French: Xianbei

→ German: Xianbei

→ Portuguese: xianbei

desc

→ Russian: сяньби́ (sjanʹbí), сяньбэ́й (sjanʹbɛ́j)

→ Spanish: xianbei

→ Ukrainian: сяньбі́ (sjanʹbí)

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/si̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/si̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/

; "Xianbei"
: Paul Pelliot (1928:141, 142) suggested this was borrowed from Xianbei *serbi ~ *särbi.
; "belt hook"

The Wuhuan and Xianbei are the so-called Eastern Hu of yore.

Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3ʳᵈ century CE

烏丸、鮮卑即古所謂東胡也。

乌丸、鲜卑即古所谓东胡也。

(historical) Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)


高木

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 高木, Takagi


南郡

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(archaic) Nan Commandery (present day Jingzhou District, Hubei)


大馬士革

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄕˋ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄕˋ ㄍㄜˊ

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³ siː²² kaːk̚³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/

dai⁵ ma³ so⁵ geh⁶ [Phonetic:dai⁵ ma² so⁴ geh⁶]

/tai¹¹ ma⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo¹¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tai²¹ ma³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo²¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²² kiak̚⁵/

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³ siː²² kaːk̚³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/

/tai¹¹ ma⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo¹¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tai²¹ ma³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo²¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²² kiak̚⁵/

1839, 救世主耶穌新遺詔書, volume 聖差言行傳, Singapore: 堅夏書院, 第九章, page 16:

And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, [a]nd desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven: And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

Qiě Sǎoluó shàng kǒu chū wēi yán, xià shā jiùzhǔ zhī ménshēng, nǎi yèjiàn jìsī yuánkuí, qiú wénshū, wǎng Dàmǎshìgé, rù zhū gōngtáng, ruò yù xìn cǐ dào zhī rén, huò nán huò nǚ, kě jū jiè dào Yēlùsǎlěng yǐ. Zhèng xíng zhījiān, jìng wàng Dàmǎshìgé, hūrán tiān fā jù guāng, zhōuwéi zhào yì, sǎoluó suì dǎodì, wén shēng. Yún, Sǎoluó Sǎoluó, yīnhé bǔ hài wǒ.

且掃羅尚口出威言，嚇殺救主之門生，乃謁見祭司元魁，求文書，往大馬士革，入諸公堂，若遇信此道之人，或男或女，可拘解到耶路撒冷矣。正行之間，竟望大馬士革，忽然天發巨光，周圍照熠，掃羅遂倒地，聞聲。云，掃羅掃羅，因何捕害我。

且扫罗尚口出威言，吓杀救主之门生，乃谒见祭司元魁，求文书，往大马士革，入诸公堂，若遇信此道之人，或男或女，可拘解到耶路撒冷矣。正行之间，竟望大马士革，忽然天发巨光，周围照熠，扫罗遂倒地，闻声。云，扫罗扫罗，因何捕害我。

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


多哈

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ haː⁵⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² haʔ³²/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ haː⁵⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² haʔ³²/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Doha (the capital and largest city of Qatar)


勾陳一

/koʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐn²¹ jɐt̚⁵/

/koʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐn²¹ jɐt̚⁵/

勾陳／勾陈 (Gōuchén) is an ancient Chinese constellation (and the mythical figures that were associated with it) that consisted of 6 stars pertaining to the modern day Ursa Minor, this being the first and the brightest of the 6.

zh-l

勾陳／勾陈 (Gōuchén)

(astronomy) α Ursae Minoris, which has become the current northern pole star since the last millennium


紐西蘭

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/liu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/niũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/liu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/niũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

Xiàn jì huárén qiáojū Xīnjīnshān gè bù zhě yǐ yǒu sì wàn rén, yòu yǒu zài Dǎshìmǐníyà yǔ Niǔxīlán liǎng dǎo zhě yuē sì wàn qī qiān rén.

現計華人僑居新金山各埠者已有四萬人，又有在打士米尼亞與紐西蘭兩島者約四萬七千人。

现计华人侨居新金山各埠者已有四万人，又有在打士米尼亚与纽西兰两岛者约四万七千人。

(Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia) New Zealand (a country and archipelago of Oceania, to the east of Australia)


西蘭

/ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/


三水

/sän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Sanshui (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China)


大昌

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachang (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


毛利語

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mo²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mo²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/


二郎

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Erlang (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


高山

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高山(たかやま) (Takayama).

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～市) Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


義和

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


安樂

/ˀän⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ lok̚⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/

/an³³ lɔk̚²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ lok̚⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/

/an³³ lɔk̚²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

the era name for Emperor Li Gui of the short-lived state of Liang (涼), which lasted from November 26, 618 CE to June 29, 619 CE

(～區) Anle (a district of Keelung, Taiwan)


真一

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

[This work seeks to] teach and exhort the younger generations of the numerous followers of our Dao, to accompany and teach them, so [they will be able to] well restrain their many desires and complete their ability to affirm the Dao of the True and One.

《經學系傳譜》 (Genealogy of Classical Learning), 1670s

Xùnhuì wú dào zhī duōrén ér xié xué zhī, zé yì zhì qí duō yù ér zhōng néng zhèng Zhēnyī zhī dào.

訓誨吾道之多人而偕學之，則亦窒其多欲而終能證真一之道。

训诲吾道之多人而偕学之，则亦窒其多欲而终能证真一之道。