北宮

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(archaic) one of the palace buildings in Luoyang during the Eastern Han Dynasty


潮州

ja-r

潮州(ちょうしゅう) (Chōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (潮州):
* → Japanese: 潮州(ちょうしゅう) (Chōshū)
* → Korean: 조주(潮州) (Joju)
* → Vietnamese: Triều Châu (潮州)

→ English: Chaozhou, Teochew, etc. (see both entries for more)

→ Indonesian: Tiociu

→ Khmer: ទាជីវ (tiəciiw)

→ Malay: Teochew, Toechew

desc

→ Thai: แต้จิ๋ว (dtɛ̂ɛ-jǐu)

→ Thai: แต้จิ๋ว (dtɛ̂ɛ-jǐu)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zɔ²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zɔ²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

The name of a new prefecture formed in 591 CE from parts of the Xun Prefecture (循州). According to 元和郡縣圖志 [813], it was named for the tides that flow in and out.
Chaozhou, Taiwan is named after Chaozhou, Guangdong.

(～市) Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Chaozhou (a township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)

因送哥嫂於卜去廣南城纔到潮州喜遇上元燈於月明

因送哥嫂于卜去广南城才到潮州喜遇上元灯于月明

(～府) (historical) Chaozhou (a former imperial-era commandery Guangdong, China); see also Chaoshan


北邙山

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(archaic) Mount Mang; Mang Mountain (north of Luoyang, where there are many cemeteries)


邙山

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(archaic) Mount Mang; Mang Mountain (north of Luoyang)


紅光

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

(～村) Hongguang (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


天津

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

(～市) Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)

Girl constellation
w:Girl (Chinese constellation)

(Chinese astronomy) Celestial Ford (Galaxy's ferry, a bridge across the Milky Way; an asterism within the Girl constellation)

(～社區) Tianjin (a community in Yiyuan, Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


清水

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

(～縣) Qingshui (a county of Tianshui, Gansu, China)

(～鎮) Qingshui Town, name of several towns in China

(～區) Qingshui (a district of Taichung, Taiwan)

(～區) Shimizu-ku, a district in Shizuoka, Japan

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 清水, Shimizu


東邦

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/


札幌

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːt̚³ fɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːt̚³ fɔːŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 札(さっ)幌(ぽろ) (Sapporo), from Ainu.

2001, “飛花”, in 陳少琪 (lyrics), 飛花, performed by 李克勤:

tung⁴ jau⁴ ling⁴ dou⁶ haa⁶ seon⁴ baak⁶ sik¹ dik¹ zaat³ fong²

同遊零度下純白色的札幌

同游零度下纯白色的札幌

(～市) Sapporo (the capital and largest city of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


福岡

/fu³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 福岡(ふくおか) (Fukuoka).

(～縣) Fukuoka (a prefecture in northern Kyushu, Japan)

(～市) Fukuoka (the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


共和

/kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/koŋ²¹³ xo²¹/

/kuŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/

/kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹/

/kʰuŋ¹¹ fo³⁵/

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹/

/kʰiʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fo¹¹/

/kuŋ⁴⁵ xuɤ¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ua²¹/

/kyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ²¹⁻¹¹ xo¹³/

/kən²¹⁻¹¹ xo¹³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/koŋ²¹³ xo²¹/

/kuŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/

/kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹/

/kʰuŋ¹¹ fo³⁵/

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹/

/kʰiʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fo¹¹/

/kuŋ⁴⁵ xuɤ¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ua²¹/

/kyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ²¹⁻¹¹ xo¹³/

/kən²¹⁻¹¹ xo¹³/

In the fourteenth year of Gong['s ]He, there was a great drought; a fire burnt his residence. Earl He, by usurping the throne, was established [as ruler]. In autumn, there was another great drought. That year, King Li died; King Xuan was established.

Gònghé shísì nián, dàhàn, huǒ fén qí wū, bó Hé cuànwèi lì, qiū, yòu dàhàn. Qí nián zhōu Lìwáng sǐ, Xuānwáng lì.

共和十四年，大旱，火焚其屋，伯和篡位立，秋，又大旱。其年周厲王死，宣王立。

共和十四年，大旱，火焚其屋，伯和篡位立，秋，又大旱。其年周厉王死，宣王立。

(historical) Gonghe Regency (interregnum period in Chinese history from 841 to 828 BCE)

(～縣) Gonghe County (a county of Hainan prefecture, Qinghai, China)


大悟

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² ŋ̍²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² ŋ̍²²/

(～縣) Dawu (a county of Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


淳于

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ y³⁵/

/sɵn²¹ jyː⁵⁵/

/sun²⁴⁻²² u³³/

/sun²³⁻³³ u⁴⁴/

/sun²⁴⁻¹¹ u⁴⁴/

/sun²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/

/sun¹³⁻²² i¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ y³⁵/

/sɵn²¹ jyː⁵⁵/

/sun²⁴⁻²² u³³/

/sun²³⁻³³ u⁴⁴/

/sun²⁴⁻¹¹ u⁴⁴/

/sun²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/

/sun¹³⁻²² i¹³/


千乘

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

In Western Zhou-era China (early first millennium B.C.E.), the 天子 (tiānzǐ, “Son of Heaven”) was described as commanding 萬乘／万乘 (wànshèng, “ten thousand chariots”) while his immediate vassals only commanded a thousand, so "thousand chariots" is used to imply a subordinate vassal.

zh-l

Qiansheng (ancient place name, located in modern-day Gaoqing County, Shandong province, China)


北邙

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵/

Mount Mang; Mang Mountain (north of Luoyang)


大數

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

Tarsus (a city in Mersin Province, Turkey)


孔子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (孔子):
* → Japanese: 孔(こう)子(し) (Kōshi)
* → Korean: 공자(孔子) (Gongja)
* → Vietnamese: Khổng Tử (孔子)

→ English: Kongzi

→ Kazakh: Құң-зы (Qūñ-zy)

→ Khmer: ខុងជឺ (khong cɨɨ)

→ Lao: ຂົງຈື້ (khong chư̄)

→ Manchu: ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ (kungdzi)

→ Mongolian: Күнз (Künz)

→ Russian: Ку́н-цзы́ (Kún-czý)

→ Thai: ขงจื๊อ (kǒng-jʉ́ʉ)

→ Tibetan: ཁུང་ཙི (khung tsi)

→ Uyghur: كۇڭزى (kungzi)

→ Zhuang: Gungjswj

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/kʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))no⁴⁵³/

/kʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))no³³²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/kʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))no⁴⁵³/

/kʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))no³³²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Confucius went to see Lao Dan, and arrived just as he had completed the bathing of his head, and was letting his dishevelled hair get dry. There he was, motionless, and as if there were not another man in the world.

Kǒngzǐ jiàn Lǎodān, Lǎodān xīnmù, fāngjiāng bèifà ér gān, zhérán sì fēirén.

孔子見老聃，老聃新沐，方將被髮而乾，慹然似非人。

孔子见老聃，老聃新沐，方将被发而干，𰑔然似非人。


東山

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ suã³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ suã³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～縣) Dongshan (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～區) Dongshan (a district of Hegang, Heilongjiang, China)

(～區) Dongshan (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Dongshan Town (various towns in Mainland China)

(～鄉) Dongshan Township (various townships in Mainland China)

(～村) Dongshan (a village in Shenhu, Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


日觀峰

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚² kuːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚² kuːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/


巫山

→ English: Wushan, Wu-shan

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wushan (a county of Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Wushan (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)

(～村) Wushan (a village in Wushan town, Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


花叢

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Huacong (a town in Enyang district, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)


鐵甲

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiə²⁴ t͡ɕia²⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiə²⁴ t͡ɕia²⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kaʔ³²/

(～村) Tiejia (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


泰山

→ English: Tai Shan

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

死有重於泰山，輕於鴻毛 / 死有重于泰山，轻于鸿毛

sǐ yǒu zhòng yú Tàishān, qīng yú hóngmáo

Mount Tai (a mountain in Shandong, China)

(～區) Taishan (a district of Tai'an, Shandong, China)

(～區) Taishan (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)


泰山

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

Phono-semantic matching of English Tarzan.

psm

Tarzan (fictional character in the novel Tarzan of the Apes)


溫明園

Вэньминъюань

/wən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/wən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

the name of a garden within the ancient palace at Luoyang


村山

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 村山 (Murayama).

obor

(～市) Murayama (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


友誼

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ jiː²²/

/i̯u²⁴ ŋi¹¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi¹³/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi²⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ jiː²²/

/i̯u²⁴ ŋi¹¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi¹³/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi²⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

(～縣) Youyi (a county of Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)


海山

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

(～村) Haishan (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


三通

/sän⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

The "Three Comprehensive": Tongdian, Tongzhi and Wenxian Tongkao

Three Links (i.e., the links of travel, trade and post across the Strait)


馬德里

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/ma²² təʔ⁵⁵ li²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/ma²² təʔ⁵⁵ li²¹/

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

(～自治區) Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)

Madrid (a province of the Community of Madrid, Spain)


心經

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

the Heart Scripture (Southern Song dynasty anthology compiled by Zhen Dexiu)


太甲

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kaːp̚³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kaːp̚³/


桐宮

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

桐 (Paulownia) + 宮 (palace)
: Tai Jia was forced by Yi Yin to live here for three years until he mended his ways and was allowed to return.

(archaic) the legendary tomb of King Tang of Shang (in modern day Linzhang County)


昌邑王

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ i⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ i⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/


昌邑

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐp̚⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐp̚⁵/


高麗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (高麗):
* → Japanese: 高麗(こうらい) (kōrai)
* → Korean: 고려(高麗) (goryeo)
* → Vietnamese: Cao Li (高麗)

→ Dutch: Korea

→ English: Korea, Gaoli, Kao-li

→ Welsh: Corea

→ French: Corée

→ German: Korea

→ Italian: Corea

→ Lao: ເກົາຫຼີ (kao lī, “Korea”)

→ New Latin: Corea

→ Portuguese: Coreia

→ Russian: Коре́я (Koréja)

→ Spanish: Corea

→ Thai: เกาหลี (gao-lǐi, “Korea”)

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

/ko⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/

/kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ le¹¹/

/kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ le²¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/

/kau³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

/ko⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/

/kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ le¹¹/

/kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ le²¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/

/kau³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

From a shortening of 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí).

zh-l

高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí)

Shì suì, Gāolí wáng Yún sǐ, yǐ shìzǐ Ān wéi qí guówáng.

是歲，高麗王雲死，以世子安為其國王。

是岁，高丽王云死，以世子安为其国王。

Yǐsì, yǐ Hàn Wáng Liàng wéi xíngjūn yuánshuài, shuǐlù sānshí wàn fá Gāolí.

乙巳，以漢王諒為行軍元帥，水陸三十萬伐高麗。

乙巳，以汉王谅为行军元帅，水陆三十万伐高丽。

Zǒngzhāng yuán nián shí yuè, sīkōng Lǐ Jì pò Gāolí guó, lǔ qí wáng, xià chéng bǎi qīshí, hù liùshíjiǔ wàn qī qiān èrbǎi. Èr nián, xǐ Gāolí mín sān wàn, pèi Jiānghuái yǐnán, Shānnán, jīng xī.

總章元年十月，司空李勣破高麗國，虜其王，下城百七十，戶六十九萬七千二百。二年，徙高麗民三萬，配江淮以南、山南、京西。

总章元年十月，司空李𪟝破高丽国，虏其王，下城百七十，户六十九万七千二百。二年，徙高丽民三万，配江淮以南、山南、京西。

(historical) synonym of 高句麗 /高句丽 (Gāogōulí): (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)

高句麗 /高句丽

高麗參

高丽参

Korean Peninsula
Korean Peninsula#English

(historical or in compounds) Korea (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea; in full, Korean Peninsula)


南歐

/nän³⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

Southern Europe
Southern Europe#English:_Q27449

Southern Europe (a sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece)


嶺南

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/lɪŋ¹³ naːm²¹/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/nĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/lɪŋ¹³ naːm²¹/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/nĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

"South of the mountain range":
* Lingnan is south of the Nanling mountain range.
* Yeongnam is south of Mount Joryeong and the Mungyeong Saejae.

Lingnan (a geographic region of China south of the Nanling Mountains, covering the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan as well as modern northern Vietnam)

Yeongnam (a geographic region equivalent to modern southeastern South Korea, synonymous with Gyeongsang Province, one of the traditional Eight Provinces of Korea)


建陽

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/kyiŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/kyiŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

(～區, formerly ～市, ～縣) Jianyang (a district of Nanping, Fujian, China; a former county-level city and county)


澳門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (澳門):
* → Korean: 오문(澳門) (Omun)
* → Vietnamese: Áo Môn (澳門)

→ Armenian: Աոմին (Aomin)

→ English: Aomen

→ Japanese: 澳門(アオメン) (Aomen)

→ Korean: 아오먼 (Aomeon)

desc

→ Lü: ᦀᦱᧁᧈᦵᦙᦲᧃᧉ (˙ʼaaw¹moen²)

→ Lü: ᦀᦱᧁᧈᦵᦙᦲᧃᧉ (˙ʼaaw¹moen²)

→ Russian: Аомы́нь (Aomýnʹ), Аомэ́нь (Aomɛ́nʹ)

→ Zhuang: Aumwnz

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/ou̯³³ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/au³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/

/au⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mun¹¹/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/ɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ mui²⁴/

/ɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ muoŋ²⁴/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ mŋ̍²³/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/o²¹⁻³³ mui²³/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ muĩ¹³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun²⁴/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/ou̯³³ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/au³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/

/au⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mun¹¹/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/ɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ mui²⁴/

/ɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ muoŋ²⁴/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ mŋ̍²³/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/o²¹⁻³³ mui²³/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ muĩ¹³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun²⁴/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

(Macau): First attested in 陳末議以保海隅萬世治安疏, a memorial to the emperor [1564] by government official Pang Shangpeng (龐尚鵬):
:
Earlier names include 濠鏡澳／濠镜澳 (Háojìng'ào) (蠔鏡澳／蚝镜澳), 濠鏡／濠镜 (Háojìng), 香山澳, etc.

lang

陳末議以保海隅萬世治安疏

陳末議以保海隅萬世治安疏

題為陳末議以保海隅萬世治安

題為陳末議以保海隅萬世治安

zh-l

濠鏡澳／濠镜澳 (Háojìng'ào)

濠鏡／濠镜 (Háojìng)

題為陳末議以保海隅萬世治安 in 皇明經世文編

Guǎngzhōu nán yǒu Xiāngshān xiàn, dì dāng bīn hǎi. Yóu yōngmài zhì Háojìng'ào, jì yīrì zhī chéng, yǒu shān Duìzhì rú tái, yuē nánběi tái. Jí Àomén yě...... Yì zhě yù yú Àomén xiá chù, yòng shí tiánsài, dù fānbó qiánxíng, yǐ gù Xiāngshān ménhù.

廣州南有香山縣，地當瀕海。由雍麥至蠔鏡澳，計一日之程，有山對峙如臺，曰南北臺。即澳門也……議者欲於澳門狹處，用石填塞，杜番舶潛行，以固香山門戶。

題為陳末議以保海隅萬世治安 in 皇明經世文編

广州南有香山县，地当濒海。由雍麦至蚝镜澳，计一日之程，有山对峙如台，曰南北台。即澳门也……议者欲于澳门狭处，用石填塞，杜番舶潜行，以固香山门户。

澳門歷史城區

澳门历史城区

～特別行政區 澳門特別行政區#Chinese

(～特別行政區) Macau, Aomen (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)

Municipality of Macau
w:Municipality of Macau

(～市) (historical) Municipality of Macau (a former municipality of Macau)

(～村) O Mun (a village of Hang Hau Rural Committee, Sai Kung district, New Territories, Hong Kong)


新竹

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (新竹):
* → Japanese: 新竹(しんちく) (Shinchiku)
* → Vietnamese: Tân Trúc (新竹)

→ English: Hsinchu, Hsin-chu, Xinzhu

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ tœʔ²¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ tyøʔ²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ tœʔ²¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ tyøʔ²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/

From 新 (xīn) + 竹塹 /竹堑 (Zhúqiàn), from the 1878 reform of the administration of Qing-held Taiwan. Hsinchu included the former subprefecture of Tek-kham as well as its surrounding hinterland.

(～市) Hsinchu (a city in northern Taiwan)

(～縣) Hsinchu (a county in northern Taiwan)

科學園區 科學園區#Chinese

Hsinchu Science Park
w:Hsinchu Science Park

(～科學園區) Hsinchu Science Park (a science park in Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County, Taiwan)


宋朝

/sʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sʊŋ³³ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/suŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/suŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiau²⁴/

/sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiau²⁴/

/sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiau¹³/

/sɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tiau²⁴/

/sɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tiau²³/

/soŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/soŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sʊŋ³³ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/suŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/suŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiau²⁴/

/sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiau²⁴/

/sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiau¹³/

/sɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tiau²⁴/

/sɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tiau²³/

/soŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/soŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


經建會

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

цзинцзяньхуэй

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Short for 行政院經濟建設委員會／行政院经济建设委员会 (Xíngzhèngyuàn jīngjì jiànshè wěiyuánhuì).

zh-etym-short

(Taiwanese Mandarin) Council for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD)


伊朗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (伊朗):
* → Vietnamese: Y Lãng (伊朗)

→ Zhuang: Yihlangj

/i⁵⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ lɔːŋ¹³/

/i⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ³¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵³ l̃aŋ³³/

/i⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/i⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɒŋ³³²/

/i³³ lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵³/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/i³³⁻²³ laŋ³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ lɔːŋ¹³/

/i⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ³¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵³ l̃aŋ³³/

/i⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/i⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɒŋ³³²/

/i³³ lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵³/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/i³³⁻²³ laŋ³⁵/

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


安寧

Sino-Xenic (安寧):
* → Japanese: 安寧(あんねい) (annei)
* → Korean: 안녕(安寧) (annyeong)
* → Vietnamese: an ninh (安寧)

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

(～市) Anning (a county-level city of Kunming, Yunnan, China)

(～區) Anning (a district of Lanzhou, Gansu, China)


羅馬尼亞

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/lu²² ma⁵⁵ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/lu²² ma⁵⁵ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 6, page 48:

Guāngxù chūnián, É Tǔ jiāobīng, dài lìyuē yìhé, érén lèlìng tǔrén lì Luómǎníyà wéi zìzhǔ zhī guó, bìng gē shù dì yǐ fùyì zhī. Jīn Luómǎníyà qiǎn shǐ fēn zhù gè bāng, yǎnrán zìlì, qiě qí dì jiào Dānmǎ, Bǐlìshí zhū guó wéi dà. Rán sù qí yuānyuán, shí gǔ Luómǎ zhī yíyì yě; qí tǔsú, zé gǔ Luómǎ zhī yífēng yě.

光緒初年，俄土交兵，迨立約議和，俄人勒令土人立羅馬尼亞為自主之國，并割數地以附益之。今羅馬尼亞遣使分駐各邦，儼然自立，且其地較丹馬、比利時諸國為大。然溯其淵源，實古羅馬之遺裔也；其土俗，則古羅馬之遺風也。

光绪初年，俄土交兵，迨立约议和，俄人勒令土人立罗马尼亚为自主之国，并割数地以附益之。今罗马尼亚遣使分驻各邦，俨然自立，且其地较丹马、比利时诸国为大。然溯其渊源，实古罗马之遗裔也；其土俗，则古罗马之遗风也。

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


羅馬

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

Borrowed from Italian Roma (“Rome”) or Latin Roma (“Rome”). Possible doublet of 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (see page for details).
Attested as 羅瑪／罗玛 in 16th and 17th century works, although Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] has 羅馬 /罗马.

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)

(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)


新疆

Sino-Xenic (新疆):
* → Japanese: 新(しん)疆(きょう) (Shinkyō)
* → Korean: 신강(新疆) (Sin'gang)
* → Vietnamese: Tân Cương (新疆)

desc

→ English: Xinjiang, Sinkiang, Hsin-chiang

→ Kazakh: Шынжаң (Şynjañ), شىنجاڭ (xinjyang)

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ (sinǰiyang), Шиньжян (Šinʹžjan)

→ Russian: Синьцзя́н (Sinʹczján)

→ Nuosu: ꑟꏦ (xi jie)

→ Tatar: Шеңҗан (Şeñcan)

→ Turkish: Sincan

→ Uyghur: شىنجاڭ (shinjang), Шинҗаң (Shinjang)

→ Written Oirat: ᠱᡅᠨᡓᡅᡕᠠᡊ (šinǰiyang)

→ Zhuang: Sinhgyangh

→ Yakut: Синдьээҥ (Sinjeeñ)

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈɕin⁴² t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯oŋ²⁴/

/ɕin⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kyɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiaŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiã²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈɕin⁴² t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯oŋ²⁴/

/ɕin⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kyɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiaŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiã²¹/

Daoguang Emperor
Jiaqing
Jinchuan County
Qianlong
Southern Song

Originally a general term for newly acquired territories, used since the Southern Song dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, various non-Han-inhabited territories were referred to as 新疆, including southwestern and western Guizhou, Wumeng (烏蒙／乌蒙, modern-day Zhaotong, Yunnan), Jinchuan (金川), and the region now known as Xinjiang. 疆 (jiāng) denotes the region was inhabited by non-Han ethnicities.
The first instance of a Qing emperor referring to the region now known as Xinjiang as 新疆 is found in the foreword of 欽定新疆識略 written by the Daoguang Emperor in 1821. Prior to that, the region was referred to as 西域 (Xīyù, literally “Western Regions”), a term used since the Han dynasty (Li, 1981). In 大清一統志 published during the eras of Qianlong and Jiaqing, the region was referred to as 西域新疆. Furthermore, during the era of Qianlong, northern Xinjiang or Dzungaria was referred to as 準疆／准疆 and 準部／准部, among other names, while southern Xinjiang or Altishahr was referred to as 回疆 (Huíjiāng) and 回部 (Huíbù).

1877, Zuo Zongtang, 統籌新疆全局疏; quoted in 羅正鈞, editor, 左文襄公年譜, volume 8, 1897, page 24:

Thus, attaching importance to Xinjiang is the way to safeguard Mongolia, and safeguarding Mongolia is the way to defend the capital.

Shìgù zhòng Xīnjiāng zhě suǒyǐ bǎo Ménggǔ, bǎo Ménggǔ zhě suǒyǐ wèi Jīngshī.

是故重新疆者所以保蒙古，保蒙古者所以衛京師。

是故重新疆者所以保蒙古，保蒙古者所以卫京师。

～維吾爾自治區 新疆維吾爾自治區#Chinese

(～維吾爾自治區, formerly ～省) Xinjiang (a Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)


劍橋

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/kiːm³³ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/kiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɤ²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/kiːm³³ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/kiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɤ²³/

Partial calque of English Cambridge. Doublet of 康橋／康桥 (Kāngqiáo).

(～市) Cambridge (a city in Cambridgeshire, England)

喺劍橋讀書

喺剑桥读书

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

(～市) Cambridge (a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States)


阿富汗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (阿富汗):
* → Vietnamese: A Phú Hãn (阿富汗)

/ˀä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹/

/aː³³ fuː³³ hɔːn²²/

/ɔː⁵⁵ fuː³³ hɔːn²²/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵ hon⁵⁵/

/o⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑŋ²⁴²/

/a³³ hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ han⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hu²¹⁻⁵³ han²²/

/a⁵⁵ fu³³ ɦø²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹/

/aː³³ fuː³³ hɔːn²²/

/ɔː⁵⁵ fuː³³ hɔːn²²/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵ hon⁵⁵/

/o⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑŋ²⁴²/

/a³³ hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ han⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hu²¹⁻⁵³ han²²/

/a⁵⁵ fu³³ ɦø²¹/

Possibly from Persian افغان (afġân); attested in 瀛寰志略 [1848] by Xu Jiyu.

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 3, page 41:

Kǎo tàixī rén suǒ kè dìtú, jí suǒ zhù shū, Wǔyìndù zhī xī, Tǔ'ěrqí zhī dōng, zhǐ yǒu Bōsī yī guó, Āfùhàn Bǐlùzhī jiē Bōsī dì, nǎi jìndài suǒ fēngē, fēi gǔ jiàn guó.

考泰西人所刻地圖，及所著書，五印度之西，土耳其之東，止有波斯一國，阿富汗俾路芝皆波斯地，乃近代所分割，非古建國。

考泰西人所刻地图，及所著书，五印度之西，土耳其之东，止有波斯一国，阿富汗俾路芝皆波斯地，乃近代所分割，非古建国。

Afghanistan (Afuhan), is [also transcribed as] Aiwuhan. This country borders Bukhara to its north, Balochistan to its south, India to its east, and Persia to its west. It spans more than two thousand li from east to west.

1929, Zhao Erxun (lead editor), Draft History of Qing

Āfùhàn, jí Àiwūhǎn. Qí guó běi jiè Bùhā'ěr, nán jiè Bǐlùzhī, dōng jiè Yìndù, xī jiè Bōsī, dōngxī èrqiān yú lǐ.

阿富汗，即愛烏罕。其國北界布哈爾，南界俾路支，東界印度，西界波斯，東西二千餘里。

阿富汗，即爱乌罕。其国北界布哈尔，南界俾路支，东界印度，西界波斯，东西二千余里。

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


岡比亞

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

(Mainland China) Gambia (a country in West Africa)


北美

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ bi⁵³/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ bi⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ bi⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ bi⁴¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ bi⁵³/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ bi⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ bi⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ bi⁴¹/

North America
North America#English:_Q49

North America (the continent forming the northern part of the Americas)


參宿四

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³ sei̯³³/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³ sei̯³³/


參宿七

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³ t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³ t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/


參宿

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³/

(astronomy) Three Stars (Chinese constellation)


史密斯

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/siː³⁵ mɐt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bit̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bit̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/sz̩³³ miɪʔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/siː³⁵ mɐt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bit̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bit̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/sz̩³³ miɪʔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Smith


賈湖

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

Jiahu (the site of a Neolithic Yellow River settlement based in the central plains of ancient China, in what is today Wuyang County, Luohe, central Henan province)


柳下惠

ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Hui of Liuxia was a judge who had been dismissed from office on a number of occasions. People said, "Can't you leave?" He said, "If I render service to people while on the straight (moral) path, how do you know that I will not be dismissed again after going somewhere else? If I render service to people while on a crooked (moral) path, why would I need to leave the homeland of my parents?"

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, Wiktionary translation

Liǔxiàhuì wéi shìshī, sānchù. Rén yuē: “Zǐ wèi kěyǐ qù hū?” Yuē: “Zhí dào ér shì rén, yān wǎng ér bù sānchù? Wǎng dào ér shì rén, hébì qù fùmǔ zhī bāng?”

柳下惠為士師，三黜。人曰：「子未可以去乎？」曰：「直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？」

柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：「子未可以去乎？」曰：「直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？」


伽倻

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɛ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɛː²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɛ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɛː²¹/

(historical) Gaya (ancient confederacy in Korea)


津巴布韋

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄨㄟˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄨㄟˊ

Цзиньбабувэй

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ wɐi̯²¹/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ wɐi̯¹³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/

/tin³³ pa³³ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui²⁴/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ui⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ wɐi̯²¹/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ wɐi̯¹³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/

/tin³³ pa³³ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui²⁴/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ui⁵³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Zimbabwe (a country in Southern Africa)


辛巴威

/ɕin⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/


約翰內斯堡

ㄩㄝ ㄏㄢˋ ㄋㄟˋ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄩㄝ ㄏㄢˋ ㄋㄟˋ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

Юэханьнэйсыбао

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːk̚³ hɔːn²² nɔːi̯²² siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ hɔːn²² nɔːi̯²² siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

Johannesburg (a city, the provincial capital of Gauteng, South Africa)


約翰尼斯堡

ㄩㄝ ㄏㄢˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄩㄝ ㄏㄢˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

Юэханьнисыбао

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


國務院

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bu²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹⁻²² ĩ⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bu²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bu³³⁻¹¹ ĩ³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bu³³⁻²¹ ĩ³³/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bu²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹⁻²² ĩ⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bu²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bu³³⁻¹¹ ĩ³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bu³³⁻²¹ ĩ³³/

國務院部署

国务院部署

State Council of the People's Republic of China


瓊斯

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ siː⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Jones, Jeans, or Johnes


畢宿五

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɐu̯³³ ŋ̍¹³/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɐu̯³³ ŋ̍¹³/


畢宿

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɐu̯³³/


密西西比

ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ

ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ

/mi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵/

/mi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵/

From English Mississippi, from Ojibwe misi-ziibi (“great river”).

(～州) Mississippi (a state of the United States)


密西西比河

ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ

/mi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mɐt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/mi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mɐt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

Mississippi River
Mississippi River#English

Mississippi, Mississippi River (a major river in the United States, flowing southward from north-central Minnesota through Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Minnesota and Louisiana, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico)


密西西比州

ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ ㄓㄡ

ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ ㄓㄡ

Мисисиби Чжоу

/mi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/mi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


菱角

/liŋ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯³/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹/

/liŋ¹¹ t͡ɕyəʔ²/

/l̃ɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/liŋ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯³/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹/

/liŋ¹¹ t͡ɕyəʔ²/

/l̃ɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Lingjiao (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)


觀音

Sino-Xenic (觀音):
* → Japanese: 観(かん)音(のん) (Kannon)
* → Korean: 관음(觀音) (Gwaneum)
* → Vietnamese: Quan Âm (觀音)

→ Burmese: ကွမ်ယင် (kwam-yang)

→ English: Guanyin

→ Indonesian: Kwan Im

→ Khmer: គង់ស៊ីអ៊ីម (kŭəngsiiʼiim)

desc

→ Thai: กวนอิม

→ Thai: กวนอิม

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/kuæ̃¹¹ iŋ¹¹/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ nˡiŋ⁵⁵/

/kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³³/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/kuæ̃¹¹ iŋ¹¹/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ nˡiŋ⁵⁵/

/kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³³/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

“[One who] Observes Sounds”, in reference to the prayers and cries of sentient beings who need help, a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितस्वर (avalokitasvara, literally “down-observe-sound”), the original form of अवलोकितेश्वर (avalokiteśvara, “Avalokiteśvara”), the bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.
Synonymous with 觀世音／观世音 (Guānshìyīn, “One who Observes the Sounds of the World”), which interpreted the middle element of the Sanskrit compound as लोक (loka, “world”). The shorter form became more common during the Tang dynasty to avoid naming the taboo personal name of Emperor Taizong of Tang, 李世民.
Compare Tibetan སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས (spyan ras gzigs, literally “one who looks down with an unwavering eye”).

cog

སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས

(～區, formerly ～鄉) Guanyin (a district of Taoyuan, Taiwan, formerly a rural township)

(～鎮) Guanyin (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


摩洛哥

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ko³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴⁻³² kɤ⁴⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ko³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴⁻³² kɤ⁴⁴/


方言

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/

Fangyan (the first Chinese dictionary of dialectal terms, written by Han dynasty scholar Yang Xiong)


彌勒菩薩

ja-r

^み%ろく% ^ぼ%さつ

CJKV/code

^み%ろく% ^ぼ%さつ

Sino-Xenic (彌勒菩薩):
* → Japanese: 弥(み)勒(ろく)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (Miroku Bosatsu)
* → Korean: 미륵보살(彌勒菩薩) (Mireukbosal)
* → Vietnamese: Di Lặc Bồ Tát (彌勒菩薩)

CJKV

^み%ろく% ^ぼ%さつ

ㄇㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄇㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/mei̯²¹ lɐk̚² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵ pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/mei̯²¹ lɐk̚² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵ pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/


上座部佛教

ㄕㄤˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄈㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄕㄤˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄈㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

Шанцзобу Фоцзяо

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sɔː²² pou̯²² fɐt̚² kaːu̯³³/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sɔː²² pou̯²² fɐt̚² kaːu̯³³/


上座部

ㄕㄤˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ

ㄕㄤˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sɔː²² pou̯²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sɔː²² pou̯²²/


赤兔

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ tʰou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ tʰou̯³³/

Red Hare (Lü Bu's horse during the Three Kingdoms period of China)


尼日利亞

ㄋㄧˊ ㄖˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄖˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ni³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ jɐt̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/ni¹¹ ŋit̚¹ li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ a⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ni³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ jɐt̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/ni¹¹ ŋit̚¹ li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ a⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


奈及利亞

ㄋㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄋㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/naɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/naɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² kʰɐp̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/nãi³³⁻¹¹ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/nãi³³⁻²¹ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/naɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/naɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² kʰɐp̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/nãi³³⁻¹¹ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/nãi³³⁻²¹ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

(Taiwan) Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


火炭

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ tʰaːn³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ tʰaːn³³/

From Hakka 火炭, or from the corruption of Hakka 河灘／河滩 (“beach”).

zh-l

河灘／河滩 (“beach”)

Fo Tan (an area of Sha Tin district, Hong Kong)


赤兔馬

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tʰou̯³³ maː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tʰou̯³³ maː¹³/


奔騰

Phono-semantic matching of English Pentium.

psm

/pən⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ tʰɐŋ²¹/

/pʰun⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pʰun⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/pʰun³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pun³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pən⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ tʰɐŋ²¹/

/pʰun⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pʰun⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/pʰun³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pun³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/


九天

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛn³³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ tʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛn³³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ tʰi⁴⁴/

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 九 (jiǔ), 天 (tiān).

(literary) the Ninth Heaven (the highest of heavens)


諸葛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (諸葛):
* → Japanese: 諸葛(しょかつ) (Shokatsu)
* → Korean: 제갈(諸葛) (Jegal)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮 / 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮

sān ge chòupíjiàng, shèngguò Zhūgě Liàng

諸葛亮

诸葛亮

(～鎮) Zhuge (a town in Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)

(～村) Zhuge (a village in Zhuge, Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


諸葛

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 諸(もろ)葛(くず) (Morokuzu).

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 諸葛, Morokuzu


小川

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 小川, Ogawa

(～鄉) Xiaochuan (a township in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


大業

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡiap̚⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡiap̚²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡiap̚¹²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡiap̚⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡiap̚⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡiap̚⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡiap̚²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡiap̚¹²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡiap̚⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡiap̚⁴/

era name of Emperor Yang of Sui (605—618)


川口

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 川口 (Kawaguchi).

obor

(～市) Kawaguchi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


都亭

/tu⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

(～街道) Duting (a subdistrict of Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


改革開放

ㄍㄞˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄎㄞ ㄈㄤˋ

ㄍㄞˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄎㄞ ㄈㄤˋ

Гайгэ Кайфан

/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kɔːi̯³⁵ kaːk̚³ hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ kek̚²⁻⁴ kʰai³³⁻²³ huaŋ²¹³/

/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kɔːi̯³⁵ kaːk̚³ hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ kek̚²⁻⁴ kʰai³³⁻²³ huaŋ²¹³/

After China's reform and opening up to the world, its products have received global recognition.

Gǎigé Kāifàng yǐhòu, Zhōngguó chǎnpǐn zhújiàn zǒuxiàng le shìjiè.

改革開放以後，中國產品逐漸走向了世界。

改革开放以后，中国产品逐渐走向了世界。

China's Economic Reform; China's Reform and Opening Up


摩梭

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Mosuo (an ethnic group in Yunnan, and Sichuan, China, speaking a Tibeto-Burman language similar to Naxi)


東歐

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² au⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ au⁴⁴/

Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe#English:_Q27468

Eastern Europe (a socio-political geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals)


弘農王

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ

/xʊŋ³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/


弘農

/xʊŋ³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Hongnong (approximately 20 km south of modern day Lingbao)


牡丹

→ English: Mudan

→ Russian: Мудань (Mudanʹ)

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴/

/mɐu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bou⁵²⁻³⁵ tũã³³/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴/

/mɐu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/

/bou⁵²⁻³⁵ tũã³³/

(～區) Mudan (a district of Heze, Shandong, China)

(～鄉) Mudan (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


TG

Possible sources:
* Initialism of 土共 (tǔgòng).
* From the emblem of the Communist Party of China. The Latin letters T and G resemble the hammer and the sickle, respectively.

(Internet slang) Communist Party of China


TG

Abbreviation of English Telegram (software).


海港

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴¹/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴¹/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

(～區) Haigang (a district of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China)


/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚² t͡sʰɐt̚² t͡sʰɐt̚²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚² t͡sʰɐt̚² t͡sʰɐt̚²/

Named after the number of support votes she received (777 Election Committee votes).

七百七十七 七百七十七#Chinese

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 七百七十七.

(HK politics, neologism, slang, derogatory) Carrie Lam


渤海

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (渤海):
* → Japanese: 渤海(ぼっかい) (Bokkai)
* → Korean: 발해(渤海) (Balhae)
* → Vietnamese: Bột Hải (渤海)

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːt̚² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/bəʔ²² he⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːt̚² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/bəʔ²² he⁵¹/

(～國) (historical) Balhae (multi-ethnic kingdom in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula)


文武

Sino-Xenic (文武):
* → Japanese: 文武(ぶんぶ) (bunbu)
* → Korean: 문무(文武) (munmu)
* → Vietnamese: văn vũ (文武)

/wən³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/vəŋ²⁴ vou⁵¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/bun²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bu⁵²/

/wən³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/vəŋ²⁴ vou⁵¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/bun²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bu⁵²/


孝靈皇帝

ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ

ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Сяо Лин Хуанди

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ liŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ liŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

the late Emperor Ling of Han (posthumous name)


永樂

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

(～帝) (historical) the Yongle Emperor (the third emperor of the Ming dynasty)

(historical) the Yongle era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1403 to 1424)

(～宮) Yongle Palace (built in Shanxi province during the Yuan dynasty)

After the empress dowager of Yongle (palace) suddenly died, people talked about it with suspicion

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

永樂太后暴崩，眾論惑焉

永乐太后暴崩，众论惑焉

(～宮) Alternative name for 長樂宮／长乐宫 (Chánglègōng, “Changle Palace, the Chang'an home of the empress dowager during the Han dynasty”).

長樂宮

(～鎮) Yongle (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Yongle (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


漢家

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


死海

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


永安宮

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

The ruler of Shu had his eyes on Wu and progressed as far as the Three Gorges.
In the year of his demise, too, he was in the Palace of Eternal Peace.

c. 766, Du Fu (杜甫), Poetic Thoughts on Ancient Sites, IV (《詠懷古跡·之四》). English translation by Witter Bynner.

Shǔ zhǔ zhēng Wú xìng Sānxiá, bēng nián yì zài Yǒng'āngōng.

蜀主征吳幸三峽，崩年亦在永安宮。

蜀主征吴幸三峡，崩年亦在永安宫。

(historical) Yong'an Palace (a site located near Baidicheng in Fengjie County, Sichuan)


伯和

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

Literally: talented at (making or keeping) peace

Emperor Xian of Han's Chinese style name


初平

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

Chuping Era (Emperor Xian of Han's first era name)


唐妃

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

Consort Tang (spouse of the Prince of Hongnong)


洛水

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lɔːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lɔːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

Luo River (a tributary of the Yellow River)


彩虹

/t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰai̯³¹ fuŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰai⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰe³³ ɦoŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰai̯³¹ fuŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰai⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰe³³ ɦoŋ⁴⁴/

Choi Hung (an area of Wong Tai Sin district, Kowloon, Hong Kong)


春日

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zit̚⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zit̚⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ zit̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zit̚⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zit̚⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ zit̚⁴/

(～鄉) Chunri (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)

(～市) Kasuga (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


新星

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Xinxing (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


昆布

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ pou̯³³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ pou̯³³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹/


鳳凰

ja-r

鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鳳凰):
* → Japanese: 鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)
* → Korean: 봉황(鳳凰) (bonghwang)
* → Vietnamese: phượng hoàng (鳳凰)

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

Miyake (2015) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *N-prəm-s ɢʷˁɑŋ and proposes, though with uncertainty, that the mythical bird's name is the affixed form of 風皇 (“wind sovereign”).

one of the era names of Last Emperor of Wu (272–274)

(～縣) Fenghuang (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)

(～街道) Fenghuang (a subdistrict of Echeng district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Fenghuang (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Fenghuang (a town in Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Fenghuang (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)

(～村) Fenghuang (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


德瑜

Literally: virtue (which shines like) a fine piece of jade

Chinese style name of Wu Fu (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)


合作

/xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/

(～鎮) Hezuo Town (a town in Qidong, Jiangsu, China)


合作

Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan གཙོས (gtsos). Replaced 黑錯／黑错, the previous transliteration of the same Tibetan name, in 1956.

psm

/xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/

(～市) Hezuo (a county-level city of Gannan prefecture, Gansu, China)


高皇

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

Emperor Gao [of Han] (256/247 BCE–June 1, 195 BCE)


小山

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Oyama (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


地主

/ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi³³ t͡ʃu²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/di¹³ t͡sz̩ʷ²¹/

/ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi³³ t͡ʃu²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/di¹³ t͡sz̩ʷ²¹/

(religion) "Lord of the Land" (that protects a house)


小雪

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (小雪):
* → Japanese: 小雪(しょうせつ) (shōsetsu)
* → Korean: 소설(小雪) (soseol)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˈɕiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ ɕyɵt̚⁵/

/ɕiɔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˈɕiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ ɕyɵt̚⁵/

/ɕiɔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ ɕyɵt̚⁵/

/ɕiau³¹ ɕiɛt̚¹/

/ɕiau⁵³ ɕyəʔ²/

/sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔʔ²⁴/

/si̯ɒu̯⁴¹ si̯e̞²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ ɕyɵt̚⁵/

/ɕiau³¹ ɕiɛt̚¹/

/ɕiau⁵³ ɕyəʔ²/

/sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔʔ²⁴/

/ɕiɔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/si̯ɒu̯⁴¹ si̯e̞²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


淡水

→ English: Tamsui, Tan-shui

/tän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːm¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/tã³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵²/

/tän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːm¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/tã³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵²/

/taːm²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/tän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːm²² sɵy̯³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～鎮) Tamsui (a sea-side district in New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Dansui (a subdistrict of Huiyang district, Huizhou, Guangdong)

(～河) Tamsui (a river in northern Taiwan)


中牟

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

(～縣) Zhongmu (a county of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


東郡

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(archaic) Dong Commandery (southeast of present day Puyang, Henan)


成皋

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


草堂

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɔ¹³ dɑ̃³¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɔ¹³ dɑ̃³¹/

(～鎮) Caotang (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


客店

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le⁴²/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ni⁴²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ tiam²¹³/

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le⁴²/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ni⁴²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ tiam²¹³/

(～鎮) Kedian (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Kedian (a residential community in Kedian, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


復活節

ㄈㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/fu⁵¹ xu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²² wuːt̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/fʊk̚⁵ fat̚⁵ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/huʔ⁵⁻²¹ uaʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/pu²⁴²⁻⁵³ uaʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² ua(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² ua(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ uaʔ⁴⁻² t͡soiʔ²/

/fu⁵¹ xu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²² wuːt̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/fʊk̚⁵ fat̚⁵ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/huʔ⁵⁻²¹ uaʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/pu²⁴²⁻⁵³ uaʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² ua(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² ua(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ uaʔ⁴⁻² t͡soiʔ²/


陽平

/jɑŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ piã²³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piã²⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ piã²⁴/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² piã¹³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/ɦiã²² bin⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ piã²³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piã²⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ piã²⁴/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² piã¹³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/ɦiã²² bin⁴⁴/

(archaic) Yangping Commandery (near present-day Qingfeng County, Henan)


衛國

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² kʷɔːk̚³/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² kʷɔːk̚³/

(historical) State of Wei (in present day Qingfeng County, Henan), commonly spelt Wey to distinguish it from other states spelt Wei (魏 (wèi)).


山陽鉅野

ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄩˋ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄩˋ ㄧㄝˇ

Шаньян Цзюйе

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) Juye County in Shanyang Commandery (in present day Juye County, Shandong)


山陽

→ English: Shanyang

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Shanyang (a county of Shangluo, Shaanxi, China)

(～區) Shanyang District (a district of Jiaozuo, Henan, China)

(archaic) Shanyang Commandery (near Juye County in present day Shandong)


鉅野

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


巨野

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯²² jɛː¹³/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯²² jɛː¹³/

(～縣) Juye County (a county of Heze, Shandong, China)


大義

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² jiː²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡi³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² jiː²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡi³³/

大定

possibly fictitious second era of Chen Youliang

(～村) Dayi (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)

(historical) the Dayi era (a Chinese era name; the first (and possibly only) era of Chen Youliang as emperor of Chen Han, from 1360 to 1363)


溫州

/wən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/vun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/uŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/uən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/wən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/vun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/uŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/uən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


彌勒

Sino-Xenic (彌勒):
* → Japanese: 弥(み)勒(ろく) (Miroku)
* → Korean: 미륵(彌勒) (Mireuk)
* → Vietnamese: Di Lặc (彌勒)

→ Korean: 미러 (Mireo, “Mile”)

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

From early Middle Indo-Aryan in forms like *Metreka, due to alternation of -k- and -y- that can be found in Middle-Indic languages such as Gandhari and Ashokan Prakrit. Ji (1998v11) considers the most likely direct ancestor to be Tocharian A Metrak, which also gave rise to Tocharian B Maitrāk. Cf. Bactrian Μητραγα (Mētraga) (Karashima, 2010); connected to the Gandhari 𐨨𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨩 (metreya) and Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya). However, the frequently-cited form Maitreya is not a direct ancestor. Ji (ibid.) further finds the root of both the word and the religious figure in Sanskrit मैत्री (maitrī, “goodwill; close union; friendship”) and related to मित्र (mitra, “Mitra”).

der

(～市) Mile (a county-level city of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


恆河

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

恆 is short for 恆伽 (MC hong gja), from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā, “Ganges”).


華夏

desc

→ Lü: ᦩᦱᧉᦉᦱᧈ (xwaa²ṡaa¹)

→ Lü: ᦩᦱᧉᦉᦱᧈ (xwaa²ṡaa¹)

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/waː²¹ haː²²/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/hua²⁴⁻²² ha⁴¹/

/hua²³⁻³³ ha³³/

/hua²⁴⁻²² ha²²/

/hua¹³⁻²² hɛ²²/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/waː²¹ haː²²/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/hua²⁴⁻²² ha⁴¹/

/hua²³⁻³³ ha³³/

/hua²⁴⁻²² ha²²/

/hua¹³⁻²² hɛ²²/

Attested in the Zuo Zhuan:
:
A line in the Zuo Zhuan features the words 夏 (OC *ɡraːʔ) and 華 (OC *ɡʷraː) used in a parallel structure.

That Chu lost the allegiance of the flourishing and grand ("華夏") central states was the doing of the lord of Xi.

楚失華夏，則析公之為也。

楚失华夏，则析公之为也。

The borderers may not plot against the grand ("夏") domains; the aliens should not sow chaos among the flourishing ("華") peoples.

裔不謀夏，夷不亂華。

裔不谋夏，夷不乱华。

華夏古樂

华夏古乐

(poetic, historical) Huaxia (the land of Chinese culture, particularly in ancient historical contexts, as distinguished from non-Chinese barbarians)


河內郡

ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄟˋ ㄐㄩㄣˋ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄟˋ ㄐㄩㄣˋ

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(archaic) Henei Commandery (in present day Jiaozuo, Henan)


河內

From Vietnamese Hà Nội, from Chinese 河內 /河内 (Hénèi). Literally inside the rivers, so named because it is located 'inside' the Red River.

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ nɔːi̯²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/ho¹³⁻²² lai²²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ nɔːi̯²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/ho¹³⁻²² lai²²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai³⁵/

Hanoi, the capital city of Socialist Republic of Vietnam.


河內

The commandery was established in the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), and was so named on account of it being to the north of the Yellow River, however the approximate region may be attestable in pre-Qin texts (before 221 BC).

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ nɔːi̯²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/ho¹³⁻²² lai²²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ nɔːi̯²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lai³³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lai²²/

/ho¹³⁻²² lai²²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai³⁵/

(historical) Henei (region just north of the middle reaches of the Yellow River)

(historical) Henei Commandery (in present day Jiaozuo, Henan)


濟北

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) Kingdom of Jibei (northeast of present day Pingyin County, Shandong)


廣陵

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

Established as a dowry town under Chu in 319 BC, renaming a district and settlement conquered from Yue.

(history) (～郡, formerly ～國) Guangling (a former commandery of imperial China that existed between 121 BCE and 583 CE, corresponding to the modern-day prefecture-level city of Yangzhou)

(history) (～縣) Guangling (a settlement established by King Huai of Chu in 319 BCE, and a former county of imperial China that existed between the Qin dynasty and 598 CE, corresponding to modern-day Yangzhou)

(～區) Guangling (a district of Yangzhou, China)


北平

→ English: Peiping

→ Japanese: 北平(ペーピン) (pēpin)

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ piɪŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ piɪŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²³/

From 北 (běi, “north”) + 平 (píng, “peace, pacification”), used in the sense of pacified or conquered territory.

(～郡) (historical) Beiping, Peiping (an ancient commandery in present-day Baoding, Hebei, China)

(historical) Beiping/Peiping (the name of Beijing during the early Ming dynasty, between its conquest by the Hongwu emperor and its renaming by the Yongle emperor)

Apr 1931, Lao She, “一些印象”, in 齊大月刊, volume 1, number 6, pages 555–557:

For someone like me who is accustomed to living in Beiping, if there is no strong wind in winter, it feels like a miracle; in Jinan, the winter is without the sound of wind.

Duìyú yīge zài Běipíng zhù guàn de rén, xiàng wǒ, dōngtiān yào shì bù guā dàfēng, biàn juéde shì qíjì; Jǐnán de dōng tiān shì méiyǒu fēngshēng de.

對於一個在北平住慣的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大風，便覺得是奇蹟；濟南的冬天是沒有風聲的。

对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大风，便觉得是奇迹；济南的冬天是没有风声的。

Criminal Traitor Mao Bandit Tsetung Dies in Peiping

dàjiān jùduì èguànmǎnyíng Máo fěi Zédōng bìmìng Běipíng

大奸巨憝惡貫滿盈毛匪澤東斃命北平

大奸巨憝恶贯满盈毛匪泽东毙命北平

1986, Qian Gang, 《唐山大地震》 [The Great Tangshan Earthquake]

7 yuè 28 rì […] 1937 nián Rìběn zhànlǐng Zhōngguó Běipíng

7月28日[…]1937年 日本佔領中國北平

7月28日[…]1937年 日本占领中国北平

Zhōngguó Táiběi “Zhōngyāng Qìxiàngjú” chēng: Yángmíng Shān ānbù de dìzhènyí cè dào Dàlù běibù de qiángliè dìzhèn, guīmó wèi 8 jí. Zhènzhōng zài “Běipíng” dōngbù 135 gōnglǐ fùjìn.

中國臺北「中央氣象局」稱：陽明山鞍部的地震儀測到大陸北部的強烈地震，規模為8級。震中在「北平」東部135公里附近。

中国台北「中央气象局」称：阳明山鞍部的地震仪测到大陆北部的强烈地震，规模为8级。震中在「北平」东部135公里附近。

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

(～市) (historical or dated Taiwan officialese) Beiping/Peiping (the name of Beijing during the early 20th century when the Republic of China removed its capital to Nanking)


上黨

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² tɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² tɔːŋ³⁵/

(～區) Shangdang (a district of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)

(historical) (～郡) Shangdang (a historical commandery of China)


祁鄉

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/


德州

→ English: Dezhou, Te-chou

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Dezhou (a prefecture-level city of Shandong, China)


德州

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

short for 德克薩斯州／德克萨斯州 (Dékèsàsī Zhōu, “State of Texas”)


天元

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～區) Tianyuan (a district of Zhuzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Tianyuan Town (name of several towns and townships in China)

(～鄉) Tianyuan (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


黃旗

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ ki²³/


歇馬

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xiema (a town in Baokang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


四君子

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Four Gentlemen; four plants (chrysanthemum, bamboo, orchid, and plum blossom) that are often depicted in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese ink-and-brush painting


汜水關

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/


汜水

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sishui Town (administered by Xingyang, Henan)


虎牢關

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/


虎牢

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/


初夏

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ haː²²/

/t͡sʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ haː²²/

/t͡sʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/

(archaic) The fourth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.


東方

ja-r

東方(とうほう) (tōhō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東方):
* → Japanese: 東方(とうほう) (tōhō)
* → Korean: 동방(東方) (dongbang)
* → Vietnamese: đông phương (東方)

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ fɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ hŋ̍³³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ fɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ hŋ̍³³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

崛起東方

崛起东方

她教授東方美術史。

她教授东方美术史。

東方朔

东方朔

(～市) Dongfang (a sub-prefectural city of Hainan, China)

(ACG) short for 東方Project／东方Project (“Touhou Project, a bullet hell video game series”)


西方

Sino-Xenic (西方):
* → Japanese: 西方(せいほう) (seihō)
* → Korean: 서방(西方) (seobang)
* → Vietnamese: tây phương (西方)

/ɕi⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hɔŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hŋ̍³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hɔŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hŋ̍³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/


溫侯

/wən⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/wən⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

(archaic) The Marquis of Wen (a noble rank given to Lü Bu)


大南

/tä⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(chiefly Hong Kong, dated) Da Nang (a city in Vietnam)


關西

→ English: Guansi, Guanxi, Kuanhsi

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

the Kansai region, a center-west area of Japan, between the areas of 中国 (Chūgoku) and 中部 (Chūbu)

(～鎮) Guanxi, Guansi, Kuanhsi (an urban township in Hsinchu County, Taiwan)

(～社區) Guanxi (a residential community in Zhuodaoquan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


天台

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

Alternative name for 天台山 (Tiāntāi Shān).

Tiantai (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)

天台宗

(Buddhism) Tiantai (a school of Mahayana Buddhism that stresses the Lotus Sutra)


右北平

ㄧㄡˋ ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ

ㄧㄡˋ ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ

/joʊ̯⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/joʊ̯⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/


土垠

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵/

(archaic) Tuyin (near present day Fengrun District, Tangshan)


零陵

/liŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/liŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Lingling (a district of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(archaic) Lingling Commandery (present day Lingling district of Yongzhou, Hunan)


遼西

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Liaoxi (an ancient commandery in present day Hebei and Liaoning, China)

(～省) Liaoxi (a former province of China)


令支

/liŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/liŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

(archaic) Lingzhi (in present day Tangshan, between Luan County and Qian'an)


古錠

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

(archaic) Guding garrison (in present-day Hebei)


古定

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

(archaic) alternative form of 古錠 /古锭 (Gǔdìng, “Guding garrison”)


挪威

/nu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɔː²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/nˡo⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ui⁵⁵/

/nɔ̃²⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃²⁴⁻²² ui³³/

/nɔ̃¹³⁻²² ui⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ ui⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃²³⁻³³ ui⁴⁴/

/no⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/nu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɔː²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/nˡo⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ui⁵⁵/

/nɔ̃²⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃²⁴⁻²² ui³³/

/nɔ̃¹³⁻²² ui⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ ui⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃²³⁻³³ ui⁴⁴/

/no⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ui³³/

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


北半球

ㄅㄟˇ ㄅㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄅㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ puːn³³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiu²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ puã¹¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ puã²¹⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ puːn³³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiu²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ puã¹¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ puã²¹⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere#English:_Q39061

Northern Hemisphere (the hemisphere in Earth to the north of the Equator, in which 90% of the total land area on Earth is located)


南半球

ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

/nän³⁵ pän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/naːm²¹ puːn³³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiu²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ puã¹¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ puã²¹⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

/nän³⁵ pän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/naːm²¹ puːn³³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiu²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ puã¹¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ puã²¹⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

Southern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere#English:_Q41228

Southern Hemisphere (the hemisphere in Earth to the south of the Equator, containing only about 10% of the total land area on Earth)


本田

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn¹³/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn²⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²⁴/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn¹³/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn²⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 本田 (Honda).

obor

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 本田, Honda


六合

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² hɐp̚²/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² hap̚²⁴/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hap̚¹²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² hɐp̚²/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² hap̚²⁴/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hap̚¹²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴/

(～區) Luhe (a district of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


中東

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ taŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ taŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

(geopolitics) Middle East (the geopolitical region at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe, comprising West Asia excluding the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt and all of Turkey)


達爾文

/tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/taːt̚² jiː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

/tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/taːt̚² jiː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/

A transliteration of the English surname Darwin

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

(～市) Darwin (a city in the Northern Territory, Australia)


金平

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kim³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kim³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Jinping (a district of Shantou, Guangdong, China)

苗族瑤族傣族自治縣 苗族瑤族傣族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族瑤族傣族自治縣, ～縣) Jinping (an autonomous county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


江東

→ English: Jiangdong

Between Wuhu and Nanjing, the Yangtze River flows south to north. The east side of the river is on the southern bank.

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

(literary) the south bank of the Yangtze River between Wuhu and Nanjing; (in general) area south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze

Sixty-Four Villages East of the River
w:Sixty-Four Villages East of the River

(historical) Sixty-Four Villages East of the River, Jiangdong (a community in Amur Oblast, Russia)


江東

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 江東(こうとう) (kōtō, “Kōtō”)

ja-r

江東(こうとう) (kōtō, “Kōtō”)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

(～區) Kōtō (a special ward of Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


江東

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

(～區) Gangdong (a district of Seoul, South Korea)


猛虎

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ fuː³⁵/

/biɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/biɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/biɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/biɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁴¹/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ fuː³⁵/

/biɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/biɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/biɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/biɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁴¹/

(～嶼) Menghu Islet (an island of Lieyu, Kinmen County, Taiwan)


本州

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/puːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/puːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/


吐蕃

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/

An exonym for Tibet that appeared in the Tang dynasty. Some scholars argue the second syllable, 蕃, was originally read with the -n coda in Middle Chinese (i.e. pʉɐn or bʉɐn, the former of which regularly gives rise to modern Mandarin fān). They argue that the modern Tǔbō reading is recent, possibly originating from French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat’s (1788-1832) argument that the second syllable should be pronounced this way to match Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”) (Pelliot, 1915). Rhymes in poetry from Tang and Yuan dynasties also suggest that the second syllable 蕃 was read with the -n coda during those times (Yao, 2014).


吐魯番

→ English: Tulufan, T'u-lu-fan

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Chagatai طُرفان (ṭurfān), تورفان (tūrfān). Compare contemporary Uyghur تۇرپان (turpan).
The first found attestation of the place name is Khotanese [script needed] (tturpanä), in the Dunhuang manuscript 使河西記 [925] (Li, 2015).
The first attested Chinese transcription of the place name is 禿爾班／秃尔班, found in volume four of 通制條格 from the Yuan dynasty. Later Chinese transcriptions include 土爾番／土尔番, in 西域番國志 [1414], 土魯蕃／土鲁蕃, 土魯番／土鲁番, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) and 吐爾番／吐尔番. In particular, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) is attested since the Ming dynasty.
Unlikely to be related to 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “Tibet”).

zh-l

吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān)

吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān)

(～市) Turpan, Turfan (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


樹林

/syː²² lɐm²¹/

/syu³² ŋɐm²¹/

/su⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lim¹¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴² nɒ¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nɒ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² na²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ nã¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² nã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ nã²³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ nã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/

/zz̩ʷ²² liŋ⁵³/

/zz̩ʷ²² liŋ⁴⁴/

/ʑy⁵³ liŋ¹⁴/

/syː²² lɐm²¹/

/syu³² ŋɐm²¹/

/su⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lim¹¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴² nɒ¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nɒ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² na²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ nã¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² nã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ nã²³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ nã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/

/zz̩ʷ²² liŋ⁵³/

/zz̩ʷ²² liŋ⁴⁴/

/ʑy⁵³ liŋ¹⁴/

(～區, formerly ～鎮, ～市) Shulin (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 樹林, Kibayashi


延長

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jiːn²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/i̯en¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ²³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² tiaŋ¹³/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jiːn²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/i̯en¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ²³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² tiaŋ¹³/

(～縣) Yanchang (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


涿鹿

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

(～縣) Zhuolu (a county of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


米國

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 米国(べいこく) (Beikoku, “America (the country)”).

ja-r

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

The Republican [sic] U.S. Congressman Weiner was going to begin an election campaign to run for the mayor of New York, but unintentionally, he sent a link to a photo of his erected penis - which was only meant to be seen by a woman who maintains unclear relationship with him on the Internet - on Twitter. Then “tragedy happened (to him)”.

Mǐguó Gònghédǎng Yìyuán Weiner zhǔnbèi cānjiā Niǔyuē shìcháng jìngxuǎn, bùxiǎoxīn bǎ yī zhāng bóqǐ de zìpāizhào zài Twitter shàng gěi qúnfā le — yuánběn shì yào dāndú fā gěi yī ge wéichí zhe wǎngluò àimèi guānxì de nǚrén, jiéguǒ tā jiù bēijù le.

米國共和黨議員Weiner準備參加紐約市長競選，不小心把一張BO起的自拍照在Twitter上給群發了——原本是要單獨發給一個維持著網絡曖昧關係的女人，結果他就杯具了。

米国共和党议员Weiner准备参加纽约市长竞选，不小心把一张BO起的自拍照在Twitter上给群发了——原本是要单独发给一个维持着网络暧昧关系的女人，结果他就杯具了。

United States of America
United States of America

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, rare, of Northeastern Mandarin, Internet slang, often humorous) the United States of America


米國

zh-wp

zh:米國 (昭武九姓)

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/


小將

From South Korean MBC TV drama 5th Republic, which the prop group mistakenly used the wrong hanja 小將／小将 (xiǎojiàng) instead of 少將／少将 (shàojiàng) for 소장 (少將, sojang, “major general”) in a nameplate of Chun Doo-hwan. Ultimately from Korean 소장(少將) (sojang).

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

(Internet slang, humorous) Chun Doo-hwan.


丹鳳

/tän⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵¹/

/taːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ²²/

/tän⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵¹/

/taːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ²²/

(～縣) Danfeng (a county of Shangluo, Shaanxi, China)


江南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (江南):
* → Japanese: 江南(こうなん) (Kōnan)
* → Korean: 강남(江南) (Gangnam)
* → Vietnamese: Giang Nam (江南)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ (giyangnan)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ nø²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ nø²¹/

Come home, ye soul, and take pity on thy beloved southern land!

The Verses of Chu, 4ᵗʰ century BCE – 2ⁿᵈ century CE

魂兮歸來，哀江南！

魂兮归来，哀江南！

If one heads from Jeju for Jiangnan, [the way] is rather far; if one heads from Jeolla for Liaodong, it is very close.

《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1593

Ja Jeju wang Gangnam, jeuk pa won, ja Jeolla do wang Ryodong, jeuk sim geun.

自^濟州往^江南，則頗遠，自^全羅道往^遼東，則甚近。

Jiangnan (a region of China, south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)

(historical) (～省) Jiangnan (a province of China), during the Qing dynasty

Gangnam (a neighborhood of Seoul, south of the Han River)

(～市) Kōnan (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

(～鄉) Jiangnan (a township in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


北約

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːk̚³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːk̚³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/


北約

Pun on Etymology 1 and 北大 (Běidà, “PKU”).

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːk̚³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jœːk̚³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚³²/

「北約」自主招生試題

「北约」自主招生试题

(Mainland China, education, informal, historical)


格魯吉亞

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kaːk̚³ lou̯¹³ kɐt̚⁵ aː³³/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ a³³/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ a⁴⁴/

/kaʔ³³ lu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ia²¹/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kaːk̚³ lou̯¹³ kɐt̚⁵ aː³³/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ a³³/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ a⁴⁴/

/kaʔ³³ lu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ia²¹/

Borrowed from Russian Гру́зия (Grúzija).

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


波斯尼亞

ㄅㄛ ㄙ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄛ ㄙ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/pʰo³³ sɯ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/poʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³³ ia²¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/pʰo³³ sɯ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/poʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³³ ia²¹/

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Bosnia (a geographic region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisting of the northern three fourths of the country)

Bosnia (a country in southeast Europe; in full, Bosnia and Herzegovina)


英國

→ Central Bai: Yenx‧guaif

⇒ Manchu: ᠶᡝᠩ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (yeng gurun)

→ Zhuang: Yinghgoz

/iŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/in⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/iŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/iɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/in⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/iŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/iɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/

大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國

Dà-Bùlièdiān jí Běi-Ài'ěrlán Liánhé Wángguó

Meronyms: 英格蘭 /英格兰 (Yīnggélán), (dated) 英吉利 (Yīngjílì), (dated) 英倫 /英伦 (Yīnglún), 蘇格蘭 /苏格兰 (Sūgélán), (chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong) 威爾斯 /威尔斯 (Wēi'ěrsī), 威爾士 /威尔士 (Wēi'ěrshì)

The River Thames is the second longest river in the UK.

Tàiwùshìhé shì Yīngguó dì'èr cháng de héliú.

泰晤士河是英國第二長的河流。

泰晤士河是英国第二长的河流。

On what authority can the British government interfere?

英國政府憑什麼要干涉？

英国政府凭什么要干涉？

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)

(proscribed) England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

(historical) Ying, a minor state that existed before the Spring and Autumn period, in present-day 英山 (Yīngshān)


坂本

/pän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 坂本, Sakamoto


Benz

/pɛːn⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/bɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ zuʔ³²/

/bɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ luʔ³²/

/peŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/pɛːn⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/bɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ zuʔ³²/

/bɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ luʔ³²/

/peŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

Ben屎 (alternative)
Bèn-juh (alternative)
Biàn-juh (alternative)
Bèn-luh (alternative)
Biàn-luh (alternative)
Bèn-lù (alternative)
Bián-juh (alternative)
賓士 (alternative)
宾士 (alternative)

1980, “搵嘢做”, in 許冠傑 [Sam Hui], 黎彼得 [Peter Lai] (lyrics), 念奴嬌, performed by 許冠傑 [Sam Hui]:

faai³ heoi³ fan⁵ dau³ nei⁵ sat⁶ wui⁵ paan¹ dak¹ gou¹, nei⁵ jiu³ co⁵ ben¹ si² kaau³ zi⁶ gei² go³ nou⁵

快去奮鬥你實會攀得高 你要坐Benz靠自己個腦

快去奋斗你实会攀得高 你要坐Benz靠自己个脑

(Cantonese, Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) Mercedes-Benz (brand and car) (Classifier: 架 c; 部 c; 臺／台 mn; 隻／只 mn)


轅門

/ɥɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

轅 (the shaft which connects a carriage to its horse) + 門 (gate)
: In ancient times, when a monarch went on an expedition (ex. for hunting), the place where he stopped would be made into a camp by surrounding the location with a baricade of horse-drawn vehicles. Two of the vehicles would be upended, and their shafts would be made to meet, so as to form a makeshift gateway of sorts.

(～社區) Yuanmen (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


尼加拉瓜

ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄚ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄚ

/ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ni¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka³³ la³³ kua³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ni¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka³³ la³³ kua³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


七國

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ³³ koʔ⁴⁴/


銅鼓

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

(～縣) Tonggu (a county of Yichun, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Tonggu (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


喬戈里峰

ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄍㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄈㄥ

ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄍㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄈㄥ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ kʷɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ kʷɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

From Balti چھوغوری (literally “big mountain”) + Chinese 峰 (fēng, “peak”).

bor

K2 (the second highest mountain on earth)


加利西亞

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

autonomous community
autonomous community

(～自治區) Galicia (a former kingdom and autonomous community in northwestern Spain)

Galicia (former kingdom and geographical area in Central Europe, now divided between Poland and Ukraine)


高盧

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

(～村) Gaolu (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


安多

/ˀän⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Amdo (a traditional province of the Tibet autonomous region)

(～縣) Amdo (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


維捷布斯克

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Вэйцзебусыкэ

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/


赫爾辛基

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧ

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧ

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/haːk̚⁵ jiː¹³ sɐn⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sin³³ ki³³/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/həʔ³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ ɕin³³ t͡ɕi²¹/

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/haːk̚⁵ jiː¹³ sɐn⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sin³³ ki³³/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/həʔ³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ ɕin³³ t͡ɕi²¹/

Helsinki (a city, the capital city of Finland)


玲瓏

/liŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Linglong (a town in Zhaoyuan, Yantai, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Lenggong (a town in Hulu Perak district, Perak, Malaysia)


紫金

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zijin (a county of Heyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Zijin (a town in Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


西川

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(archaic) an alternate name for Yizhou (益州, an ancient name for the Sichuan basin)


安國

/ˀän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

(～市) Anguo (a county-level city of Baoding, Hebei, China)

(historical) Bukhara (in Sui and Tang times)


榛子

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡sɵn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

(～鄉) Zhenzi (a township in Xingshan, Yichang, Hubei, China)


白鷺

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ˈpʰaʔ⁵ lu¹¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ˈpʰaʔ⁵ lu¹¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

(～社區) Bailu (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(aviation, Mainland China) callsign for Xiamen Airlines.


百越

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

[Qin Shi Huang] captured the land of Baiyue in the south and on it established the commanderies of Guilin and Xiang. The monarch of Baiyue, with his head bowed and a rope tied around his neck, surrendered himself to judicial officials [of the Qin].

late 1st century BCE, Jia Yi (賈誼), On the Crimes of Qin (《過秦論》)

Nán qǔ Bǎiyuè zhī dì, yǐwéi Guìlín, Xiàng Jùn; Bǎiyuè zhī jūn, fǔshǒu xìjǐng, wěimìng xiàlì.

南取百越之地，以為桂林、象郡；百越之君，俛首係頸，委命下吏。

南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡；百越之君，俯首系颈，委命下吏。

(historical) Baiyue (the "hundred Yue tribes" to China's south between the first millennium BC and the first millennium AD)


福州

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (福州):
* → Japanese: 福(ふく)州(しゅう) (Fukushū)
* → Korean: 복주(福州) (Bokju)
* → Vietnamese: Phúc Châu (福州)

desc

→ English: Foochow, Fuchow, Fujhou, Fuzhou, Hokchew, Hockchew, Hokchiu

→ Korean: 푸저우 (Pujeou)

→ Russian: Фучжо́у (Fučžóu)

→ Zhuang: Fuzcouh

→ Spanish: Focheu, Fucheu

/fu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/huʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡siu⁵³³/

/hɒʔ²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/foʔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/huʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡siu⁵³³/

/hɒʔ²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/foʔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Fuzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian, China)


閩越

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/min³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ œʔ⁴/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ yøʔ⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² uat̚²⁴/

/ban¹³⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/min³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ œʔ⁴/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ yøʔ⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² uat̚²⁴/

/ban¹³⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/

Minyue (an ancient kingdom located in what is now the province of Fujian in southern China)


唐朝

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/tʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/touŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiau¹³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiau²⁴/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiau²³/

/tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/tʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/touŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiau¹³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiau²⁴/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiau²³/

/tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/


南京

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南京):
* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (Nankin)
* → Korean: 남경(南京) (Namgyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)

desc

→ Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lã²⁴ t͡ɕĩ³¹/

/naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/

/nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lã²⁴ t͡ɕĩ³¹/

/naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/

/nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(～市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)


閩東

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/men²⁴⁻³³ tuŋ⁵³/

/miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵³³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ taŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² taŋ³³/

/ban¹³⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/ban²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/men²⁴⁻³³ tuŋ⁵³/

/miŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵³³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ taŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² taŋ³³/

/ban¹³⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/ban²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/


黃帝

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/uĩ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/uĩ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) the Yellow Emperor (legendary Chinese sovereign)


江寧

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(historical) (～府) Old name for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”).

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jiangning (a district and former county of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)

(～區) (historical) Jiangning (a former district of Shanghai, China)


江蘇

English: Jiangsu, Kiangsu, Kiang-su, Kiang Su, Keangsoo, Keang-soo, Chiang-su, Kiang-Sou (obsolete or historical)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬu³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬɔu⁵³³/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³ sɔ³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sou³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ su²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬu³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬɔu⁵³³/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³ sɔ³³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sou³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ su²¹/

Short for 江寧／江宁 (Jiāngníng) + 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu).

zh-etym-short

(～省) Jiangsu (a province of China, northeast of the mouth of the Yangtze River)


哈爾濱

desc

→ English: Ha'erbin, Haerbin, Ha-erh-pin, Ha-êrh-pin

→ Russian: Харби́н (Xarbín)

/xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pin⁵⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ pɐn⁵⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iŋ⁵³³/

hah⁷ zi³ bing¹ [Phonetic:hah⁶ zi² wing¹]

/haʔ⁴⁻² t͡si³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pin⁴⁴/

/ha(ʔ)⁵ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pin³³/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pin⁴⁴/

/xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pin⁵⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ pɐn⁵⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iŋ⁵³³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² t͡si³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pin⁴⁴/

/ha(ʔ)⁵ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pin³³/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pin⁴⁴/

Borrowed from a dialectal Manchu word cognate with Standard Manchu ᡥᠠᠯᡶᡳᠶᠠᠨ (halfiyan, “flat”) (Huang, 2010). Compare /kʰɑlpin/ ("flat") in the Manchu dialect spoken in Dawujiazi (大五家子) of Aihui County (now in Heihe) (Wang, 2005).

Harbin's ice sculptures are very famous.

哈爾濱的冰雕很有名。

哈尔滨的冰雕很有名。

During winter Harbin is a world of ice and snow.

Dōngtiān de shíhou Hā'ěrbīn shì bīngtiānxuědì.

冬天的時候哈爾濱是冰天雪地。

冬天的时候哈尔滨是冰天雪地。

(～市) Harbin (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Heilongjiang, China)


桓靈

/xu̯än³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/xu̯än³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

Emperor Huan of Han and Emperor Ling of Han


銀座

/in³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ŋɐn²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/ŋi̯un¹¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡so⁴¹/

/ɡun¹³⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/

/ɡun²³⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/in³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ŋɐn²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/ŋi̯un¹¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡so⁴¹/

/ɡun¹³⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/

/ɡun²³⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/


長安

→ English: Chang'an, Ch'ang-an

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

(historical) Chang'an (an ancient capital of various Chinese empires located within present-day Xi'an)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Chang'an (a district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)

(～區) Chang'an (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)

(～鎮) Chang'an (name of various towns in China)

Chang'an (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)

土家族鄉 土家族鄉#Chinese

(～鄉, ～土家族鄉) Chang'an (a township in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex (an UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam)


西頭

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(～村) Xitou (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


東都

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/taŋ³³ tɔ³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ tou³³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/taŋ³³ tɔ³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ tou³³/


東都

/tɔŋ³³ tɔ³³/

/tɔŋ³³ tɔ³³/

From Tagalog Tondo, from Old Tagalog tundun.

(Philippine Hokkien) Tondo (a district and historical polity in Manila, Philippines)


關中

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ toŋ³³/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ toŋ³³/

(～平原) Guanzhong Plain (a region in Shaanxi, China)


更始

/kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


赤眉

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

(archaic, historical) Chimei (refers, as an umbrella term, to one of the two major agrarian rebellion movements against Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty)


關東

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

(historical) the area to the east of Hangu Pass

(historical) a nickname for Luoyang (during the Tang Dynasty)

關東大地震

关东大地震


崤函

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ xän³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ xän³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ xän³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ xän³⁵/

(archaic) the area between Mount Xiao and Hangu Pass


隴右

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/lʊŋ¹³ jɐu̯²²/

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/lʊŋ¹³ jɐu̯²²/

Literally “to the right of Longshan (隴山／陇山 (Lǒngshān))". In ancient times, west was on the right side of a map as Chinese compasses pointed south.

(archaic) the area to the west of Longshan Mountain (in present day Gansu)


近東

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐn²² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kun²² tɔŋ³³/

/kun²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kin³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kin²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐn²² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kun²² tɔŋ³³/

/kun²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kun³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kin³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kin²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

(historical) Near East (the geographic region of Western Asia located southeast of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia; used primarily in historical contexts)


城門

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/siaŋ²² ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/ʃaŋ⁵⁵ mun⁵⁵/

/siã²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/siaŋ²² ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/ʃaŋ⁵⁵ mun⁵⁵/

/siã²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

Shing Mun (an area of the New Territories, Hong Kong)


山梨

/ʂän⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ li³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山梨(やまなし) (yamanashi)

(～市) Yamanashi (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


龍王

ja-r

竜王(りゅうおう) (ryūō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍王):
* → Japanese: 竜王(りゅうおう) (ryūō)
* → Korean: 룡왕(龍王) (ryong'wang), 용왕(龍王) (yong'wang)
* → Vietnamese: long vương (龍王)

/lʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

* (Ryūō): Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 竜王町.

obor

(Chinese mythology) Dragon King (the god of water and weather)

(～鎮) Longwang (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

Shiga Prefecture
Shiga Prefecture#English

(～町) Ryūō (a town in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


會計

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i¹/

/wuːi̯²² kɐi̯³³/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ kɐi̯³³/

/kʰuːi̯³³ kɐi̯³³/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ ke²¹/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ ke¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ ke²¹/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke⁴¹/

/hue³³⁻²¹ ke²¹/

/hue³³⁻¹¹ ke¹¹/

/kuai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koi²¹³/

/kʰue³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i¹/

/wuːi̯²² kɐi̯³³/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ kɐi̯³³/

/kʰuːi̯³³ kɐi̯³³/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ ke²¹/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ ke¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ ke²¹/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke⁴¹/

/hue³³⁻²¹ ke²¹/

/hue³³⁻¹¹ ke¹¹/

/kuai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koi²¹³/

/kʰue³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

(historical) Alternative name for 會稽／会稽 (Kuàijī, “Mount Kuaiji”).

(historical) Alternative name for 會稽／会稽 (Kuàijī, “Kuaiji (place name)”).


開化

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (開化):
* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)
* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)
* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

(～縣) Kaihua County (a county of Zhejiang, China)


斯巴達

/sz̩⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/


威信

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵn³³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵn³³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²¹/

(～縣) Weixin (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


比如

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི་རུ ('bri ru).

(～縣) Biru (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


金寶

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Indonesian Kampar and Malay Kampar, probably via Cantonese.

a river in the province of Riau, Indonesia

a regency of the province of Riau, Indonesia


金珠

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jinzhu (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


章程

Constitution of the Communist Party of China

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²/

(～村) Zhangcheng (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


肅清

→ English: Sook Ching

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/sok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰeŋ³³/

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/sok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰeŋ³³/

(history) Sook Ching (a systematic purge of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of Singapore and Malaya from 18 February to 4 March 1942)


縱橫

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ¹³/

(historical) the School of Vertical and Horizontal Alliances (also known as the School of Diplomacy) of the Warring States Period


榆樹

/jyː²¹ syː²²/

/ɦy²² zz̩⁴⁴/

/jyː²¹ syː²²/

/ɦy²² zz̩⁴⁴/

(～市) Yushu (a county-level city of Changchun, Jilin, China)