聖誕節

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ taːn³³ t͡siːt̚³/

/siŋ²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾naŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒaiʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sueʔ⁵/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tan¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sueʔ³²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sueʔ³²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tan²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ taŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡soiʔ²/

/sən³³ te⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ taːn³³ t͡siːt̚³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sueʔ⁵/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tan¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sueʔ³²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sueʔ³²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tan²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ taŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡soiʔ²/

/sən³³ te⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

聖誕節快樂！

圣诞节快乐！

聖誕節快樂！

圣诞节快乐！

聖誕節快樂！

圣诞节快乐！


檸檬

/niŋ³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ mʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ⁿden²² ᵐbɵŋ⁵⁵/

/niŋ¹¹ məŋ¹¹/

/nˡiŋ⁵³⁻³³ muŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/

/le²³⁻³³ bɔŋ⁴¹/

/le²⁴⁻¹² bɔŋ⁵³/

/le²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁵³/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔŋ²⁴/

/li²³⁻²¹ mɔŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mou⁵⁵/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/

/n̠ʲin²² moŋ⁴⁴/

/niŋ³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ mʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ⁿden²² ᵐbɵŋ⁵⁵/

/niŋ¹¹ məŋ¹¹/

/nˡiŋ⁵³⁻³³ muŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/

/le²³⁻³³ bɔŋ⁴¹/

/le²⁴⁻¹² bɔŋ⁵³/

/le²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁵³/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔŋ²⁴/

/li²³⁻²¹ mɔŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mou⁵⁵/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/

/n̠ʲin²² moŋ⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English lemon (Huang, 2020); first attested in Volume I of Part II of A Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts [1819] by Robert Morrison (Huang, 2009).
For Taiwanese Min Nan lê-bóng and Hakka lê-móng, via Japanese 檸檬(レモン) (remon), from English lemon.

(～埠) (dated) Puerto Limón (a city, the capital city of Limón, Costa Rica)


石頭剪子布

ㄕˊ ˙ㄊㄡ ㄐㄧㄢˇ ˙ㄗ ㄅㄨˋ

ㄕˊ ˙ㄊㄡ ㄐㄧㄢˇ ˙ㄗ ㄅㄨˋ

шитоу цзяньцзы бу

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴ pu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴ pu⁵¹/

(Mainland China) rock paper scissors (game)

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


白銀

/paɪ̯³⁵ in³⁵/

/paːk̚² ŋɐn²¹/

/paːk̚² ŋɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡun²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡun²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡun²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡin²³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡin¹³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ in³⁵/

/paːk̚² ŋɐn²¹/

/paːk̚² ŋɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡun²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡun²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡun²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡin²³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡin¹³/

(～市) Baiyin (a prefecture-level city of Gansu, China)

(～區) Baiyin (a district of Baiyin City in Gansu, China)


麥加

/maɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/mɐk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

/maɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/mɐk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia; the holiest place in Islam)


尼日爾

/ni³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ jɐt̚² jiː¹³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/ni³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ jɐt̚² jiː¹³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² lit̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

(Mainland China) Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)


耶和華

ㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

/jɛ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ wɔː²¹ waː²¹/

/ia⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³/

/e⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒ¹³ hua⁵³³/

/e⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒ²⁴ hua⁵⁴⁴/

/e⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾lɒ¹³ hua⁵³³/

/e⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾lɒ²⁴ hua⁵⁴⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² hua³³/

/ia¹³⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴/

/ia²³⁻³³ hɤ²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² ɦu⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɦia²² ɦu⁴⁴ ɦo²³/

/jɛ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ wɔː²¹ waː²¹/

/ia⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³/

/e⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒ¹³ hua⁵³³/

/e⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɒ²⁴ hua⁵⁴⁴/

/e⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾lɒ¹³ hua⁵³³/

/e⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾lɒ²⁴ hua⁵⁴⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² hua³³/

/ia¹³⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴/

/ia²³⁻³³ hɤ²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² ɦu⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɦia²² ɦu⁴⁴ ɦo²³/

Borrowed from English Jehovah, from qere perpetuum form of Biblical Hebrew יְהֹוָה.

(Can we date this quote?), “耶和華是愛”, 馮永梁牧師 (lyrics):

The Lord is love; he lets me rest beside green grass and creek waters.

je⁴ wo⁴ waa⁴ si⁶ oi³, joeng⁶ ngo⁵ on¹ san¹ cing¹ cou² kai¹ seoi² bin¹

耶和華是愛 讓我安身青草溪水邊

耶和华是爱 让我安身青草溪水边

1997, “耶和華祝福滿滿 [Jehovah's Blessings Abound]”, 李信儀 (lyrics):

The Lord has blessings all around, as many as the sand; His favour and love never end.
(lit. Jehovah’s blessings abound, just like the sand beside the sea; His grace and love goes on for generations.)

Iâ-hô-hoa chiok-hok móa-móa, chhin-chhiūⁿ hái-piⁿ thô͘-soa, un-tián chû-ài ti̍t-kàu bān sè-tāi.

耶和華祝福滿滿，親像海邊土沙，恩典慈愛直到萬世代。

耶和华祝福满满，亲像海边土沙，恩典慈爱直到万世代。

2007, “稱頌祢聖名 [I Exalt Your Name]”, 陳世桓, transl., 陳世桓 (lyrics):

My God, the great I Am, Your name is Yahweh
(lit. You are "I Am that I Am", Your name is Jehovah)

Nǐ shì zìyǒuyǒngyǒu, Nǐ míng shì Yēhéhuá

祢是自有永有，祢名是耶和華

祢是自有永有，祢名是耶和华

Jehovah; Yahweh; Tetragrammaton; the Lord


黑龍江

desc

→ English: Heilongjiang, Heilungchiang, Hei-lung-chiang, Heilungkiang

ხეილუნგძიანგი

→ Georgian: ხეილუნგძიანგი (xeilungʒiangi)

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/haːk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hak̚⁵⁵ lɵŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/hɛt̚¹¹ liʊŋ¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɛiʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

heh⁶ loeng² gang¹ [Phonetic:heh⁷ loeng² gang¹]

/hɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lœŋ¹³ kaŋ⁵³³/

heh⁶ lyoeng² gang¹ [Phonetic:heh⁷ lyoeng² gang¹]

/hɛʔ²⁻⁴ lyøŋ²⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/hek̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/həʔ³³ loŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/haːk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hak̚⁵⁵ lɵŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/hɛt̚¹¹ liʊŋ¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɛiʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lœŋ¹³ kaŋ⁵³³/

/hɛʔ²⁻⁴ lyøŋ²⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/hek̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/həʔ³³ loŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

From earlier 黑水 (Hēishuǐ), attested since the Tang Dynasty. Semantically, compare Manchu ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (sahaliyan ula, literally “black river”), Mongolian Хар мөрөн (Xar mörön, literally “black river”).

ncog

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

Amur River, Heilong Jiang (a major river in the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China)

(～省) Heilongjiang (a province in northeastern China)


遼寧

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ nˡiŋ⁵³/

/lieu¹³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/lieu²⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/liou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ nˡiŋ⁵³/

/lieu¹³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/lieu²⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/liou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Liaoning (a province in northeastern China)


山東

→ English: Shandong

→ Manchu: ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ (šandung)

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/

/suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/

/saŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã³³ taŋ³³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/

/suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/

/saŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã³³ taŋ³³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/

(～省) Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the east of Hangu Pass

(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the east of the Taihang Mountains

(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the east of Mount Hua


太子黨

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

Crown Prince Party; The Princelings; the children of the People's Republic of China's communist elites


團結

/tʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hᵘɔn²² ket̚⁵⁵/

/tuaŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tuoŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚⁵/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/tʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/dø²² ciɪʔ²²/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɵ¹¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɤə³¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dɤ¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/də¹³ t͡ɕiəʔ³³/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵¹/

/dɛ²² t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/de¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/duõ²² t͡ɕiəʔ³⁴/

/dø̃¹¹ t͡ɕieʔ⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hᵘɔn²² ket̚⁵⁵/

/tuaŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tuoŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚⁵/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/tʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/dø²² ciɪʔ²²/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɵ¹¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɤə³¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dɤ¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/də¹³ t͡ɕiəʔ³³/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵¹/

/dɛ²² t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/de¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/duõ²² t͡ɕiəʔ³⁴/

/dø̃¹¹ t͡ɕieʔ⁵⁵/

As a lake, paired with nearby Xiezuo Lake from the expression 團結協作 (tuánjié xiézuò, “to work in unity”).

zh-l

(～湖, ～鹽湖, ～鹽池) Tuanjie Lake in the Qarhan Playa, Qinghai, China

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tuanjie (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～社區) Tuanjie (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


巴西

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 9, page 3:

Qíshí, Pútáoyá yǒu hǎibó zāo fēng, piāo zhì Yàmòlìjiā zhī Bāxī, jiàn qí tǔdì kōngkuò, xǐ guórén kěnzhǒng zhī.

其時，葡萄牙有海舶遭風，飄至亞墨利加之巴西，見其土地空闊，徙國人墾種之。

其时，葡萄牙有海舶遭风，飘至亚墨利加之巴西，见其土地空阔，徙国人垦种之。

Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


巴西

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

(～郡) an ancient commandery in modern Sichuan

Just as I was rejoicing that peace had returned to the Central Plains,
news arrived that the Emperor had once again fled to Baxi County.

Cái xǐ Zhōngyuán xī zhànpí, yòu wén tiānzǐ xìng Bāxī.

纔喜中原息戰鼙，又聞天子幸巴西。

才喜中原息战鼙，又闻天子幸巴西。

(～縣) an ancient county, seat of Mian Prefecture, modern Mianyang, Sichuan

(～鎮) Baxi (a town in Zoigê, Ngawa, Sichuan, China)


巴西

Borrowed from Tagalog Pasay via Hokkien.

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

(Philippines) (～市) Pasay (a city in Metro Manila, Philippines)


巴西

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

巴西立

Pasir Panjang (places in Singapore and Malaysia)

巴西班讓

巴西班让


廣島

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 広島(ひろしま) (Hiroshima).

(～縣) Hiroshima (a prefecture in southwestern Honshu, Japan)

(～市) Hiroshima (the capital city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


國情咨文

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄗ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄗ ㄨㄣˊ

Гоцин Цзывэнь

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address

(US politics) State of the Union Address


鸕鶿

/lu³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/lu¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/lu¹¹ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/

/l̃u⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻³³ t͡si²⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²⁴/

/lou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³³/

/ləu̯¹³ sz̩³/

/lu³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/lu¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/lu¹¹ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/

/l̃u⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻³³ t͡si²⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²⁴/

/lou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³³/

/ləu̯¹³ sz̩³/

(～島) Luci Island (an island of Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


美西戰爭

ㄇㄟˇ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄥ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄥ

Мэйси чжаньчжэн

Mɛjsi čžanʹčžɛn

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/


泰姬陵

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


西柏坡

/ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰaːk̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰaːk̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Xibaipo (a town in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China)


麥當勞

→ Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠢ
ᠳᠠᠩ
ᠯᠤᠤ (mai dang luu)

/maɪ̯⁵¹ tɑŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mɐk̚² tɔːŋ⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

/be(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴/

/be(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³/

/beʔ⁴⁻² taŋ³³⁻²³ lau⁵⁵/

/maɪ̯⁵¹ tɑŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mɐk̚² tɔːŋ⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

/be(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴/

/be(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³/

/beʔ⁴⁻² taŋ³³⁻²³ lau⁵⁵/

Originally a transcription of English MacDonnell (McDonnell) in Cantonese for MacDonnell Road in Hong Kong. It was re-used to transcript English McDonald's/McDonald by McDonald's Hong Kong managing director Daniel Ng in the late 1970s or early 1980s, purposely chosen due to the existing familiarity of the road. Before, only the English name was present in official signage. A more direct transcription, 麥當奴 /麦当奴 (mak6 dong1 nou4), was proposed, but the derogatory connotation of 奴 (nú, “slave”) led to it being replaced with 勞 /劳 (literally “work”).

麥克唐納 麥克唐納#Chinese

麦克唐纳 麦克唐纳#Chinese

(Cantonese) Alternative term for 麥克唐納／麦克唐纳 (Màikètángnà, “McDonald”), a transliteration of the English surname McDonald


正統

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔŋ⁴¹/

Emperor Yingzong
w:Emperor Yingzong of Ming

(historical) the Zhengtong era (a Chinese era name; the era of the first reign of Emperor Yingzong of Ming, from 1436 to 1449)


中心

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ sim⁵³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ sim³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ sim⁵³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ sim³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

(～區) a former name of Siming District (思明區) in Xiamen, Fujian, China, during the late 1940s

(～村) Zhongxin (a village in Wudian, Guangshui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


木蘭

/ᵐbɵk̚³² lan²²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²³/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² lan²²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²³/

(Chinese legend) Mulan (a legendary female warrior, usually given the surname Hua 花)

(～溪) Mulan River (a watercourse of central Fujian which enters the Taiwan Strait in Putian's Hanjiang District)


木蘭

/ᵐbɵk̚³² lan²²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²³/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² lan²²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² lan²³/

(historical) a Qing-dynasty royal hunting ground in Hebei province

(～縣) Mulan (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


支那

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (支那):
* → Japanese: 支(し)那(な) (Shina)
* → Korean: 지나(支那) (Jina)
* → Vietnamese: Chi Na (支那)

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna), which in turn is likely from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin), but other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉 /晋 (jìn, “Jin”) < Middle Chinese 晉 (tsinᴴ) < Old Chinese 晉 (*ʔsins) (Zhengzhang, 2006), 荊 /荆 (jīng, “Jing”), or the Zina of 夜郎 (Yèláng, “Yelang”). Cognate with English China. See "Names of China", "Chinas" and "Shina (word)" at Wikipedia.

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

China suffered from the Manchurian Qing tyranny in the past, and so the people of the nation rose up, overthrew the autocrat and established the republic.

1914, Sun Yat-sen, 《致日本首相大隈重信勸助中國革命函》

Zhīnà nǎng zhě kǔ Mǎnqīng nüèzhèng, guómín gòng qǐ gé zhuānzhì wèi gònghé.

支那曩者苦滿清虐政，國民共起革專制為共和。

1914, Sun Yat-sen, 《致日本首相大隈重信勸助中國革命函》

支那曩者苦满清虐政，国民共起革专制为共和。

(originally neutral, now derogatory and offensive) China


支那

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

(～鄉) Zhina (a township in Yingjiang, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


丹麥

Sino-Xenic (丹麥):
* → Vietnamese: Đan Mạch (丹麥)

→ Zhuang: Danhmwz

/tän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² beʔ⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ beʔ⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² biɪk̚¹²¹/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ beʔ⁴/

/tän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² beʔ⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ beʔ⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪk̚⁴/

/tan⁴⁴⁻²² biɪk̚¹²¹/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ beʔ⁴/

1900, 張一鵬, 普通學歌訣, 蘇州中西小學堂, page 35:

In the Baltic Sea lies an island named Zealand. It belongs to Denmark and sits on a strategic passage.

Bōluódehǎi, yǒu Rìlún dǎo, shǔyú Dānmài, chūrù yàodào

波羅的海 有日倫島 屬於丹麥 出入要道

1900, 張一鵬, 普通學歌訣, 蘇州中西小學堂, page 35:

波罗的海 有日伦岛 属于丹麦 出入要道


東大

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²¹/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²¹/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

東南大學 w:zh:東南大學

東北大學 w:zh:東北大學

short for 東北大學 (“Northeastern University (China)”)

東京大學 w:zh:東京大學

東國大學 w:zh:東國大學

東海大學 w:zh:東海大學

(Internet slang) Short for 某東方大國／某东方大国 (mǒu dōngfāng dàguó, “a certain oriental great power, mostly China, sometimes India”)


全國人民代表大會

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

cyun⁴ gwok³ jan⁴ man⁴ doi⁶ biu² daai⁶ wui⁶⁻²

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

Chʻüan²-kuo² Jên²-min² Tai⁴-piao³ Ta⁴-hui⁴

Цюаньго Жэньминь Дайбяо Дахуэй

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

chyùhn gwok yàhn màhn doih bíu daaih wúi

tsyn⁴ gwok⁸ jan⁴ man⁴ doi⁶ biu² daai⁶ wui⁶⁻²

qun⁴ guog³ yen⁴ men⁴ doi⁶ biu² dai⁶ wui⁶⁻²

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ tɔːi̯²² piːu̯³⁵ taːi̯²² wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/


保加利亞語

ㄅㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ

ㄅㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄩˇ

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³ jyː¹³/

/pou̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³ jyː¹³/


大火

/tä⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² fɔː³⁵/

/tua¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei⁴⁵³/

/tua²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei³³²/

/tä⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² fɔː³⁵/

/tua¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei⁴⁵³/

/tua²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei³³²/


海南

Sino-Xenic (海南):
* → Japanese: 海南(かいなん) (Kainan)
* → Korean: 해남(海南) (Haenam)
* → Vietnamese: Hải Nam (海南)

→ English: Hainan, Hai-nan

→ Russian: Хайна́нь (Xajnánʹ)

→ Thai: ไหหลำ (hǎi-lǎm)

→ Zhuang: Haijnanz

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/

/hᵘɔi⁵⁵ ⁿdam²²/

/hai³³⁻²¹ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ naŋ¹³/

/hai³³²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/

/hᵘɔi⁵⁵ ⁿdam²²/

/hai³³⁻²¹ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ naŋ¹³/

/hai³³²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Qinghai Lake
Qiongzhou Strait

Literally, south of a “sea”, which, in the case of Hainan Island or province, refers to the Qiongzhou Strait (瓊州海峽 /琼州海峡 (Qióngzhōu Hǎixiá)), and in the case of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, refers to the Qinghai Lake (青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)). The district in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia is named after its position relative to the Haibowan (海勃灣／海勃湾) District.
“Kainan” is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 海(かい)南(なん) (Kainan).

潮州粿條福建麵，海南咖啡廣府炒 / 潮州粿条福建面，海南咖啡广府炒

Cháozhōu guǒtiáo Fújiàn miàn, Hǎinán kāfēi Guǎngfǔ chǎo

Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12ᵗʰ century CE

Hǎinán Lí rén, qīn sǐ, bù shí zhōu fàn, wéi yǐnjiǔ shí shēng niúròu, yǐwéi zhìxiào zài shì.

海南黎人，親死，不食粥飯，唯飲酒食生牛肉，以為至孝在是。

海南黎人，亲死，不食粥饭，唯饮酒食生牛肉，以为至孝在是。

(～島) Hainan, Hainan Island (an island off the coast of southern China)

(～省) Hainan (a province off the coast of southern China, primarily made up of Hainan Island)

～藏族自治州 海南藏族自治州#Chinese

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
w:Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Hainan, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)

(～區) Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)

(～市) Kainan (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


芝麻

/t͡siː⁵⁵ maː²¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ maː²¹/

No single Chinaman is innocent! (A meme modified from a line from My Date with a Vampire)

芝麻仁沒有一個是蘑菇的！

芝麻仁没有一个是蘑菇的！

(Internet slang, euphemistic) alternative form of 支那 (Zhīnà, “China (derogatory)”)


上海

desc

→ English: Shang-hai, Shanghae, Shanghai

→ French: Shanghai, Shanghaï, Changhaï

→ Japanese: 上(シャン)海(ハイ) (Shanhai)

→ Korean: 상하이 (Sanghai)

→ Russian: Шанха́й (Šanxáj)

→ Zhuang: Sanghaij

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/siaŋ³² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ʃoŋ⁵³ hoi²⁴/

/sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hoɪ³¹/

/sɒ̃⁴⁵ xai⁵³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ xuɛ²¹/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/

/ɬyɒŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/ɬyøŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/siɔŋ²¹ hai⁴⁴⁵/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hai⁴¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁴²/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/

/siɔŋ²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/

/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/

/zɑ̃²² he⁴⁴/

/zɑ̃²² he³³/

/ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ xai̯⁴¹/

/san²¹⁻¹¹ xai̯⁴¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/siaŋ³² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ʃoŋ⁵³ hoi²⁴/

/sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hoɪ³¹/

/sɒ̃⁴⁵ xai⁵³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ xuɛ²¹/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/

/ɬyɒŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/ɬyøŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/siɔŋ²¹ hai⁴⁴⁵/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hai⁴¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁴²/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/

/siɔŋ²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/

/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/

/zɑ̃²² he⁴⁴/

/zɑ̃²² he³³/

/ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ xai̯⁴¹/

/san²¹⁻¹¹ xai̯⁴¹/

Named after 上海浦, a historical river in Shanghai, which was filled in during the late Qing dynasty.

華亭／华亭, 松江

two historical major cities now under the juristiction of Shanghai

上海證券交易所

上海证券交易所

她最近跑到上海去了。

I still have a few things to arrange in Shanghai.

Zài Shànghǎi wǒ háiyǒu jǐ jiàn shìqíng yào ānpái.

在上海我還有幾件事情要安排。

在上海我还有几件事情要安排。

⁶non ⁵tau ⁶zaon-he₅ ⁶le-leq₈ ¹tu-sau₅ ⁶zen-kuaon₁-leq₈

儂到上海來了多少辰光了？

侬到上海来了多少辰光了？

(～市) Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)

(～縣) (historical) Shanghai (a former county of Shanghai, China)

(Can we date this quote?), 9:49 from the start, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), 中国语言资源保护工程:

Originally in Xinzhuang town, whatever that's high-end, there was very few of those things. People always, everybody would go take the metro line to go to the city.

本來是莘莊鎮个，高檔个物事，少來死个。人家呢儕，趁仔地鐵咾到上海去个。

本来是莘庄镇个，高档个物事，少来死个。人家呢侪，趁仔地铁咾到上海去个。

(chiefly Shanghainese, Suburban Shanghainese Wu) Downtown Shanghai; Inner-city Shanghai; Shanghai city center

chiefly Shanghainese; Suburban Shanghainese Wu; chiefly Shanghainese; Suburban Shanghainese Wu


揚州

ja-r

揚(よう)州(しゅう) (Yōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (揚州):
* → Japanese: 揚(よう)州(しゅう) (Yōshū)
* → Vietnamese: Dương Châu (揚州)

desc

→ English: Yang-chou, Yangchow, Yangzhou

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/iɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/iɒ̃¹¹ t͡səu¹¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ɦiã²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/iɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/iɒ̃¹¹ t͡səu¹¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ɦiã²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

From the area of 揚州 recorded as one of the Nine Provinces 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) of Yu the Great 大禹 (Dà Yǔ) in the "Tribute of Yu" 禹贡 (Yǔ Gòng) section of the Book of Xia 夏書 /夏书 (Xià Shū) in the Book of Documents 書經 /书经 (shūjīng)

(～市) Yangzhou (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, in eastern China)

(historical) Yangzhou (an ancient province, one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)


瑞士

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/sɵy̯²² siː²²/

/sɵy̯²² siː²²⁻³⁵/

/ɬui³² ɬu³²⁻³²⁵/

/su̯i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/suɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/sui²⁴²⁻⁵³ søy²⁴²/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² sɯ²²/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/sui³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/zø²² zz̩⁴⁴/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/sɵy̯²² siː²²/

/sɵy̯²² siː²²⁻³⁵/

/ɬui³² ɬu³²⁻³²⁵/

/su̯i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/suɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/sui²⁴²⁻⁵³ søy²⁴²/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² sɯ²²/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/sui³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/zø²² zz̩⁴⁴/

From French Suisse, borrowed through a southern Chinese dialect (where 瑞 is pronounced with an s- initial). See also 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn).
Attested in A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit (瀛寰志略) [1849] by Xu Jiyu.

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 5, page 3:

Àodìlìyà, Ōuluóbā dàguó yě. Qí shāngchuán chū dǐ Yuèdōng shí, qí huà shuāng yīng, suì é chēngwéi Shuāngyīngguó. Běi jiè Pǔlǔshì, Éluósī, nán jiè Tǔ'ěrqí, dǐ Yàdéyà hǎiyú, Yìdàlǐyà gèguó, xī jiè Ruìshì jì Rì'ěrmàn gèguó, dōngxī sān qiān yībǎi yú lǐ, nánběi yīqiān bābǎi yú lǐ.

𡒃地利亞，歐羅巴大國也。其商船初抵粵東時，旗畫雙鷹，遂訛稱為雙鷹國。北界普魯士、峩羅斯，南界土耳其，抵亞得亞海隅、意大里亞各國，西界瑞士暨日耳曼各國，東西三千一百餘里，南北一千八百餘里。

奥地利亚，欧罗巴大国也。其商船初抵粤东时，旗画双鹰，遂讹称为双鹰国。北界普鲁士、峩罗斯，南界土耳其，抵亚得亚海隅、意大里亚各国，西界瑞士暨日耳曼各国，东西三千一百余里，南北一千八百余里。

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


馬蹄

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/maː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ te²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ toi⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/maː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ te²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ toi⁵⁵/


中京

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) middle capital (referring to a variety of cities in Chinese history)


箴言

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (箴言):
* → Japanese: 箴言(しんげん) (shingen)
* → Korean: 잠언(箴言) (jameon)
* → Vietnamese: châm ngôn (箴言)

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/t͡siŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ŋœŋ¹³/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ŋyŋ²⁴/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡səm³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/t͡sim³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/t͡siŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ŋœŋ¹³/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ŋyŋ²⁴/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡səm³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/t͡sim³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/


聖誕老人

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄢˋ ㄌㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄢˋ ㄌㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ

Шэндань Лаожэнь

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ taːn³³ lou̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³ l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tan²¹⁻⁴¹ lau³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tan¹¹⁻⁵³ lau³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ taːn³³ lou̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tan²¹⁻⁴¹ lau³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tan¹¹⁻⁵³ lau³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/


好萊塢

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ u⁵⁵/

/hou̯³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ wuː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² u²¹/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² u⁴¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³⁻²² u²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ u¹¹/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³⁻³³ u²¹/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ u⁵¹/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ u⁵⁵/

/hou̯³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ wuː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² u²¹/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² u⁴¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³⁻²² u²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ u¹¹/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³⁻³³ u²¹/

Does Hollywood have a negative influence on the world?

Hǎoláiwù huì gěi shìjiè dàilái bùliáng de yǐngxiǎng ma?

好萊塢會給世界帶來不良的影響嗎？

好莱坞会给世界带来不良的影响吗？


巴士

/pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ siː²²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ siː²²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/


希臘

Sino-Xenic (希臘):
* → Korean: 희랍(希臘) (Huirap)
* → Vietnamese: Hi Lạp (希臘)

→ Zhuang: Hihlaz

/hi²⁴⁻¹¹ li̯ap̚⁵/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ⁴/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ¹²¹/

/hi³³⁻²³ laʔ⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ laʔ²¹/

/hi²⁴⁻¹¹ li̯ap̚⁵/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ⁴/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ¹²¹/

/hi³³⁻²³ laʔ⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ laʔ²¹/

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás); attested as early as 1837, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine. Compare English Hellas.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


現代

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕiæ̃⁴⁴ tɛ⁴⁴/

/jiːn²² tɔːi̯²²/

/jen³² ᵘɔi³²/

/hieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑi²⁴²/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² tai⁴¹/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/hiɛn³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕiæ̃⁴⁴ tɛ⁴⁴/

/jiːn²² tɔːi̯²²/

/jen³² ᵘɔi³²/

/hieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑi²⁴²/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² tai⁴¹/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/hiɛn³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

Hyundai (global conglomerate company or chaebol, founded in South Korea)


中南海

→ English: Chung-nan-hai, Zhongnanhai, Zhong Nan Hai

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

Short for 中海 (zhōnghǎi) + 南海 (Nánhǎi), both are names of lakes in Beijing.

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Zhongnanhai, a complex of buildings in Xicheng district, Beijing, China, adjacent to Tiananmen Square, which serves as the central headquarters for the Communist Party of China and the government of the People's Republic of China

(metonymic, politics) The central headquarters for the Communist Party of China

(metonymic, politics) the government of the People's Republic of China


波蘭語

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ jyː¹³/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ jyː¹³/


波士頓

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

bo¹ xi⁶ dên⁶⁻²

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː²² tɵn²²⁻³⁵/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³² tun³²⁻³²⁵/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³² tun³²/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³²⁻²¹ tun³²⁻³²⁵/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³²⁻²¹ tun³²/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³⁻¹¹ tun¹¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː²² tɵn²²⁻³⁵/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³² tun³²⁻³²⁵/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³² tun³²/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³²⁻²¹ tun³²⁻³²⁵/

/pᵘɔ³³ si³²⁻²¹ tun³²/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³⁻¹¹ tun¹¹/

1888, T. L. Stedman, K. P. Lee, A Chinese and English Phrase Book in the Canton Dialect, New York: William R. Jenkins Co., page 45:

The rates to Boston are twenty-five cents for ten words.

gei³ heoi³ bo¹ si⁶ deon⁶, mui⁵ sap⁶ go³ zi⁶, jiu³ je⁵ ng⁵ go³ sin¹.

寄去波士頓，每十箇字，要廿五箇仙。

寄去波士顿，每十个字，要廿五个仙。

Boston (the capital and largest city of Massachusetts, United States)


泰國

Sino-Xenic (泰國):
* → Japanese: 泰国(たいこく) (taikoku)
* → Korean: 태국(泰國) (taeguk)

→ Zhuang: Daigoz

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kok̚²/

/tʰa³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kok̚²/

/tʰa³³ koʔ⁴⁴/


猶太

/joʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/i̯u¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/

/iu¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/

/iu²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/

/ɦiɤ²² tʰa⁴⁴/

/joʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/i̯u¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/

/iu¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/

/iu²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/

/ɦiɤ²² tʰa⁴⁴/

Ultimately from Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá). Compare 猶大／犹大 (Yóudà). Believed to first appear in Karl Gützlaff's Bible translations ([1830s]).

zh-l

猶大／犹大 (Yóudà)


珠穆朗瑪

desc

→ English: Chumulangma, Chu-mu-lang-ma, Zhumulangma

ㄓㄨ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄤˇ ㄇㄚˇ

ㄓㄨ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄤˇ ㄇㄚˇ

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ mʊk̚² lɔːŋ¹³ maː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ mʊk̚² lɔːŋ¹³ maː¹³/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ (jo mo glang ma, “Holy Mother”).


珠穆朗瑪峰

→ English: Qomolangma Feng (calque)

ㄓㄨ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄤˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄈㄥ

ㄓㄨ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄤˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄈㄥ

Чжумуланма Фэн

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ mʊk̚² lɔːŋ¹³ maː¹³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ mʊk̚² lɔːŋ¹³ maː¹³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

From 珠穆朗瑪／珠穆朗玛 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ, from Tibetan ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ (jo mo glang ma, “Holy Mother”)) + 峰 (fēng, “peak”).

zh-m

from Tibetan <i class="Tibt mention" lang="bo">ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ</i> (jo mo glang ma, “Holy Mother”)

Mount Everest (the high peak on the Tibetan–Nepali border, officially known as Mount Zhumulangma within China)


瑞典語

ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄩˇ

ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄩˇ

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯²² tiːn³⁵ jyː¹³/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi⁵³/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯²² tiːn³⁵ jyː¹³/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi⁵³/


白俄羅斯文

ㄅㄞˊ ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄨㄣˊ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄨㄣˊ

Байэлосы вэнь

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/


白俄羅斯語

ㄅㄞˊ ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄩˇ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄩˇ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


長江

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (golmin ula) (calque)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

揚子江

originally only in reference to the lower reaches

A solitary sail's distant image disappears into the blue sky; only the Yangtze River continues to flow towards the horizon.

Gūfān yuǎn yǐng bìkōng jìn, wéi jiàn Chángjiāng tiānjì liú.

孤帆遠影碧空盡，唯見長江天際流。

孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。

(～河) Changjiang Creek, the upper course of the Jin River (錦江 /锦江 (Jǐnjiāng)) in Jiangxi

(～社區) Changjiang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


青山

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

Castle Peak (a mountain peak in Tuen Mun district, Hong Kong)

Qingshan (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)

Qingshan (a district of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China)

Castle Peak (a former district of Hong Kong), renamed to Tuen Mun

(～鎮) Qingshan (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

去青山睇病

Castle Peak Hospital
w:Castle Peak Hospital

(～醫院) Castle Peak Hospital (a psychiatric hospital in Tuen Mun district, Hong Kong)

Aoyama (a sub-district in Minato, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


桃園

For the place in Taiwan, shortened from Hokkien 桃仔園 /桃仔园 (Thô-á-hn̂g), which was used alongside 桃園 /桃园 by the time of the Guangxu Emperor. Found in official Qing documents by 1888.

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰo⁵⁵ ʒan⁵⁵/

/tʰo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ hŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰo¹³⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰo⁵⁵ ʒan⁵⁵/

/tʰo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ hŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰo¹³⁻²² huĩ¹³/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Taoyuan (a city and former county of Taiwan)

(～區, formerly ～市) Taoyuan (a district of Taoyuan, Taiwan, formerly a county-controlled city)


黃巾

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/


漢朝

/xän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

/xän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

Xiang Yu appointed Liu Bang as prince of the small fief of Hanzhong (漢中 /汉中 (Hànzhōng)), named after its location on the Han River (漢水 /汉水 (Hànshuǐ)) (in modern southwest Shaanxi). Following Liu Bang's victory in the Chu–Han Contention, the resulting Han dynasty was named after the Hanzhong fief.

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Chu–Han Contention
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han River
Han dynasty
Hanzhong
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Bang
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xiang Yu
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


高祖

Emperor Gaozu of Han
Emperor Gaozu of Tang

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɔ³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɔ³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹/

A temple name given to the first emperor of some of the Chinese dynasties, or to ancestor of the first emperor

Emperor Gaozu of Han (256 BCE or 247 BCE – June 1, 195 BCE)

Emperor Gaozu of Tang (566 – June 25, 635)


光武

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

the restoration of Emperor Guangwu of Han

光武中興

光武中兴

(～村) Guangwu (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


中興

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

(～社區) Zhongxing (a residential community in Chenjiagang, Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China)

era name of Emperor He of Southern Qi (501–502)

era name of Emperor Xiao'ai of Dafengmin (Nanzhao) (898–902)

one of the era names of Emperor Yuanzong of Southern Tang (958)

era name of Viśa Dharma of Khotan (978–982)


獻帝

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/


崇信

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ sɵn³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ sɵn³³/

(～縣) Chongxin (a county of Pingliang, Gansu, China)


建寧

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ²³/

Emperor Ling of Han
w:Emperor Ling of Han

(historical) Jianning (first era name of the reign of Emperor Ling of Han: 168–172 CE)

(～郡) (historical) Jianning (a former commandery of China, from the Three Kingdoms period to the Northern and Southern dynasties)

(～府) (historical) Jianning, Kienning (a former prefecture of Fujian, China, under the Southern Song, Ming and Qing dynasties; modern Jian'ou)

(～路) (historical) Jianning (a former lu in Fujian, China, under the Yuan dynasty; modern Jian'ou)

(～縣) Jianning (a county of Sanming, Fujian, China)


溫德殿

/wən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/wən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

the name of one of the palace buildings during the Han Dynasty, would have been located in present day Luoyang


洛陽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (洛陽):
* → Japanese: 洛陽(らくよう) (Rakuyō)
* → Korean: 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang)
* → Vietnamese: Lạc Dương (洛陽)

→ English: Luoyang

desc

→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/

/loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/

/loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

Encyclopædia Britannica
Luo River (Henan)
Yin_and_yang#Toponymy

Yang (north) of the Luo River; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which north is associated with yang. Luoyang is situated to the north of the Luo River.

洛阳
雒陽
洛阳
樂洋
落洋

(～市) Luoyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in the district of Zengdu, in the prefecture-level city of Suizhou, Hubei, China)


洛陽

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²³⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²³⁻² iũ²⁴/

Popularly considered to be a beautified form (雅化) of 落洋.

zh-wp

zh:洛陽鎮 (惠安縣)

洛阳
雒陽
洛阳
樂洋
落洋

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in Hui'an County, in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～江) Luoyang (a river in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


大浪

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² lɔːŋ²²/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ loŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² lɔːŋ²²/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ loŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Tai Long (a village of South Lantao Rural Committee in Chi Ma Wan, Islands district, New Territories, Hong Kong)

(～村) Tai Long (a village of Sai Kung Rural Committee, Sai Kung district, New Territories, Hong Kong)


光和

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

the Guanghe era (178-184), a Chinese era name from reign of Emperor Ling of Han


五原

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jyːn²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jyːn²¹/

In autumn during the seventh lunar month, a rainbow was seen in the imperial palace; in the side of a mountain in Wuyuan, a huge rift was created (as the result of an earthquake).

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

Qiū qī yuè, yǒu hóng jiàn yú yùtáng; Wǔyuán shān àn, jìn jiē bēngliè.

秋七月，有虹見於玉堂；五原山岸，盡皆崩裂。

秋七月，有虹见于玉堂；五原山岸，尽皆崩裂。

(～縣) Wuyuan County, Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia


鉅鹿

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/kɵy̯²² lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/kɵy̯²² lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

(～縣) Julu (a county of Xingtai, Hebei, China; formerly Nanyi prior to the Sui dynasty)

At that time, there lived three brothers in Julu County: Zhang Jiao, Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang.

c. 1330 - 1400, Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1

Shí Jùlù Jùn yǒu xiōngdì sān rén: yī míng Zhāng Jiǎo, yī míng Zhāng Bǎo, yī míng Zhāng Liáng.

時鉅鹿郡有兄弟三人：一名張角，一名張寶，一名張梁。

时钜鹿郡有兄弟三人：一名张角，一名张宝，一名张梁。

(～縣) (historical) Julu (a former county in present-day Pingxiang, Xingtai, Hebei, China)


太平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平):
* → Japanese: 太平(たいへい) (taihei)
* → Korean: 태평(太平) (taepyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thái bình (太平)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ (taifin)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

Mongolian: тайван (tajvan)

→ Tuvan: тайбың (taybıñ)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人 / 宁为太平犬，不做乱世人

nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén

(～府) (historical) Taiping (a prefecture of Anhui, during the Ming and Qing dynasties)

(～府) (historical) Taiping (a prefecture of Guangxi, during the Ming and Qing dynasties)

various place names, including:
(～省) Thái Bình (a province of Vietnam)

various place names, including:
Thái Bình (a province of Vietnam)

various place names, including:
(～市) Thái Bình (a city in Vietnam)

various place names, including:
Thái Bình (a city in Vietnam)

Larut, Matang and Selama
Larut, Matang and Selama#English

(～市) Taiping (a city in Larut, Matang and Selama district, Perak, Malaysia)

(～縣) Thới Bình district (a rural district of Cà Mau Province, Vietnam)

(～區, formerly ～市, ～鄉) Taiping (a district of Taichung, Taiwan)

Taiping (a district of Taichung, Taiwan)

(～區) Taiping (a district of Fuxin, Liaoning, China)

Taiping (a district of Fuxin, Liaoning, China)

(～區) Taiping (a former district of Heilongjiang, Heilongjiang, China)

various place names, including:
various towns:
(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Tianjin, China)

various place names, including:
various towns:
Taiping (a town in Tianjin, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Tongliang, Chongqing, China)

Taiping (a town in Tongliang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Dianjiang, Chongqing, China)

Taiping (a town in Dianjiang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jixian, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)

Taiping (a town in Jixian, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shuangyang district, Changchun, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Panshan, Panjin, Liaoning, China)

Taiping (a town in Panshan, Panjin, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shuangliu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Shuangliu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Wanyuan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Wanyuan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Lushan, Ya'an, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Lushan, Ya'an, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Gulin, Luzhou, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Gulin, Luzhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xingwen, Yibin, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Xingwen, Yibin, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xichong, Nanchong, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Xichong, Nanchong, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jiangyou, Mianyang, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Jiangyou, Mianyang, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Taiping (a former town in Youxian district, Mianyang, Sichuan, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zizhong, Neijiang, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Zizhong, Neijiang, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Huili, Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shawan district, Leshan, Yunnan, China)

Taiping (a town in Shawan district, Leshan, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yao'an, Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

Taiping (a town in Yao'an, Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yingjiang, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a former town in Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, China)

Taiping (a former town in Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Sidian, Baoshan, Yunnan, China)

Taiping (a town in Sidian, Baoshan, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Sihong, Suqian, Jiangsu, China)

Taiping (a town in Sihong, Suqian, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

Taiping (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yanping district, Nanping, Fujian, China)

Taiping (a town in Yanping district, Nanping, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yuanyang, Xinxiang, Henan, China)

Taiping (a town in Yuanyang, Xinxiang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xixia, Nanyang, Henan, China)

Taiping (a town in Xixia, Nanyang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

Taiping (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Taiping (a town in Guangshui, Suizhou, Hubei, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Taiping (a town in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

Taiping (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shimen, Changde, Hunan, China)

Taiping (a town in Shimen, Changde, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Conghua district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Cixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Cixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Majiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Majiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yangshan, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Yangshan, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Qingxin district, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Luoding, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Luoding, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xinxing, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Xinxing, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Teng, Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Wuming district, Nanning, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jiangzhou district, Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Liucheng, Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Lingshan, Qinzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Pingguo, Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Juye, Heze, Shandong, China)

Taiping (a town in Juye, Heze, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong, China)

Taiping (a town in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jiyang, Jinan, Shandong, China)

Taiping (a town in Jiyang, Jinan, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Wanli district, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

Taiping (a town in Wanli district, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jingyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

Taiping (a town in Jingyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zhenyuan, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

Taiping (a town in Zhenyuan, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

various place names, including:
various townships:

various place names, including:
various townships

(～鄉) Taiping (a town in Tuquan, Xing'an, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)

(～里, formerly ～村) an urban village in Linkou district, New Taipei City, Taiwan, formerly a rural village

(～村) Taiping (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

various place names, including:
various subdistricts:

various place names, including:
various subdistricts

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Taiping (a subdistrict of Daoli district, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, formerly a town)

(～島) Taiping Island, Itu Aba (an island of the South China Sea)

Taiping Island, Itu Aba (an island of the South China Sea)

(historical) The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a 19th-century rebel group in southern, central, and eastern China.

(historical) various Taiping regnal eras of different rulers throughout Chinese history.


宣化

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

(～區) Xuanhua (a district of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


太平道

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄠˋ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ tou̯²²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ tou̯²²/

Way of the Great Peace, a school of Daoism founded by Zhang Jue (died 184), which was based on a text called the Classic of Great Peace


中平

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

the Zhongping era (184-189), a Chinese era name from reign of Emperor Ling of Han


太平經

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平經):
* → Japanese: 太平経(たいへいきょう) (Taiheikyō)
* → Korean: 태평경(太平經) (Taepyeonggyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Thái Bình kinh (太平經)

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

The Classic (or Scriptures) of Great Peace


四方

/sz̩⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍³³/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huaŋ³³/

/sz̩⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍³³/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huaŋ³³/

/ɬu³³ fɔŋ³³/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ paŋ⁴⁴/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ paŋ⁴⁴/

/si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ paŋ³³/

/sz̩⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬu³³ fɔŋ³³/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍³³/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ paŋ⁴⁴/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ paŋ⁴⁴/

/si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ paŋ³³/

The Quad (anti-China alliance comprising of the United States, Japan, Australia and India)


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

zyoeng¹ guong¹ [Phonetic:zyoeng⁵ nguong¹]

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.

(～村) Jiangjyun, Jiangjun (a rural village in Wangan, Penghu County, Taiwan)


黃天

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

É yán “cāngtiān yǐ sǐ, Huángtiān dāng lì. Suì zài jiǎzǐ, tiānxià dàjí”.

訛言「蒼天已死，黃天當立。歲在甲子，天下大吉」。

讹言「苍天已死，黄天当立。岁在甲子，天下大吉」。

(historical) the self-appellation of Zhang Jue (?–184), leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion.


甲子

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/t͡ɕiaʔ²⁻⁴⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/kaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sy³³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/t͡ɕiaʔ²⁻⁴⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/kaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sy³³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Jiazi (a town in Lufeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Jiazi (a town in Qiongshan district, Haikou, Hainan, China)


青州

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡siu³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡siu³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

(～市) Qingzhou (a city in Shandong, China)


幽州

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Youzhou (an ancient prefecture in modern China)

(historical) Youzhou (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)


徐州

/ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/su²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/si¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/su²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/si¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

(～市) Xuzhou (a prefecture-level city in northwestern Jiangsu, China)

(historical) Xuzhou (an ancient province, one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)


冀州

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～市) Jizhou (a district and former county-level city of Hengshui, Hebei, China)

Ji Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)


荊州

desc

→ English: Jingzhou, Kingchow, Kin-tcheou, Ching-chou

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Jingzhou (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)

(～區) Jingzhou (a district of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Jingzhou (an economic and technological development zone in Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(historical) Jing Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)

(～鄉) Jingzhou (a township in Jixi, Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


兗州

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～市) Yanzhou (a district of Jining, Shandong, China, formerly a county-level city)


豫州

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jyː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jyː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Yuzhou (an ancient city in Henan and Anhui Provinces)


唐州

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Tangzhou (the ancient name for present day Tanghe County, Henan Province)


聖人

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (聖人):
* → Japanese: 聖(しょう)人(にん) (shōnin); 聖(せい)人(じん) (seijin)
* → Korean: 성인(聖人) (seong'in)
* → Vietnamese: thánh nhân (聖人)

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/sɪŋ³³ jɐn²¹/

/səŋ⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/sən³³ zən⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/sɪŋ³³ jɐn²¹/

/səŋ⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/sən³³ zən⁴⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/siã¹¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/siã¹¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

(honorific) Alternative name for 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ, “Confucius”).


皇甫

Sino-Xenic (皇甫):
* → Korean: 황보(皇甫) (hwangbo)
* → Vietnamese: Hoàng Phủ (皇甫)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ fuː³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hu⁴¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ fuː³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hu⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hu⁴¹/


江夏

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²/

(～郡) (historical) Jiangxia (an ancient commandery located in present-day eastern Hubei province that existed from the Han dynasty to the Tang dynasty)

(～縣) (historical) Jiangxia (a historical county that existed between 581 and 1911, located in present-day Wuhan, Hubei)

(～區) Jiangxia (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


竟陵

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/


涿縣

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


中山

Literally “Central Mountains”, named after a mountain in its capital.

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～國) (historical) Zhongshan (ancient feudal state in modern Dingzhou, Hebei, China)


中山

Named after Chinese president 孫中山 (Sun Yat-sen), who used the pseudonym 中(なか)山(やま)樵(きこり) (Nakayama Kikori). Ultimately from the Japanese surname 中(なか)山(やま) (Nakayama).
Zhongshan, Guangdong was renamed from 香山 (Xiāngshān); Sun Yat-sen's birthplace is in Zhongshan.

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Zhongshan (a prefecture-level city and former county of Guangdong, China)

(～區) Zhongshan (a district of Dalian, Liaoning, China)

(～區) Zhongshan (a district of the city of Taipei, Taiwan)

(～區) Zhongshan (a district of the city of Keelung, Taiwan)


景帝

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/


漢武

/xän⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


涿鹿亭侯

ㄓㄨㄛ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄡˊ

ㄓㄨㄛ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄡˊ

Чжолу Тинхоу

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

Ting Marquis of Zhuolu, grandson of Emperor Jing of Han


樓桑村

/loʊ̯³⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/loʊ̯³⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

Literally: Village of the towering mulberry trees

Lousang Village, Zhuo County, the place where Liu Bei grew up


東南

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

(～地區) Southeast China (a region of China, centred on Guangdong and Fujian; overlapping with the regions of South Central China and East China)


春分

Sino-Xenic (春分):
* → Japanese: 春分(しゅんぶん) (Shunbun)
* → Korean: 춘분(春分) (chunbun)
* → Vietnamese: Xuân phân (春分)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰun⁴² ˈfɨn⁴²/

/t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰuŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/

/t͡sʰən⁵⁵ fən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰyn³³ ɸən³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰun⁴² ˈfɨn⁴²/

/t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰuŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/

/t͡sʰən⁵⁵ fən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰyn³³ ɸən³³/

The fourth of the twenty-four solar terms, around March 20th or 21st, which is on the spring equinox.

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


秋分

Sino-Xenic (秋分):
* → Japanese: 秋分(しゅうぶん) (shūbun)
* → Korean: 추분(秋分) (chubun)

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu⁴² fɨn⁴²/

/t͡sʰi̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰieu⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/

/t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵⁵ fən²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³ ɸən³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³ ɸən³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu⁴² fɨn⁴²/

/t͡sʰi̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰieu⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/

/t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵⁵ fən²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³ ɸən³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³ ɸən³³/

autumnal equinox (the 16th of the 24 solar terms around September 22nd, 23rd, or 24th)


公孫

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))nɔŋ⁵³³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ sun³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))nɔŋ⁵³³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ sun³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

Gongsun Zan (warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty)

公孫瓚

公孙瓒

a Chinese compound surname (no longer common in modern times)


涿郡

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(archaic) Zhuo Commandery (present day Zhuozhou, Hebei)


大漢

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² hɔːn³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² hɔːn³³/


河東

/xɤ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² taŋ³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² taŋ³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

(historical) Hedong Commandery (a region of Shanxi, China)

(～區) Hedong (a district of Tianjin, China)


解良

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Xieliang County, Hedong Commandery


同心

→ English: Tongxin

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

(～縣) Tongxin (a county of Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China)

(～村) Tongxin (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Tongxin (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


金銀

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ iŋ²⁴/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²³/

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ iŋ²⁴/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²³/

(～村) Jinyin (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


青龍偃月刀

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄉㄠ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄉㄠ

Цинлун Яньюэдао

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ jiːn³⁵ jyːt̚² tou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ jiːn³⁵ jyːt̚² tou̯⁵⁵/


杭州

ja-r

杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (杭州):
* → Japanese: 杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)
* → Korean: 항주(杭州) (Hangju)
* → Vietnamese: Hàng Châu (杭州)

/xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/

/hoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦɑŋ²² t͡sei³⁴/

/xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/

/hoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦɑŋ²² t͡sei³⁴/

The province's name derived from 餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng), traditionally glossed as a mistake for 禹航 (“Yu's ferry”) but more likely a transcription into Old Chinese characters of a native Proto-Wu placename.

zh-l

餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng)

(～市) Hangzhou (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, China)

(～灣) Hangzhou Bay (the adjacent bay of the East China Sea, separating Shanghai from Ningbo)

(historical) Hang Prefecture or Province (former division of imperial China)


丈八點鋼矛

ㄓㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄍㄤ ㄇㄠˊ

ㄓㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄍㄤ ㄇㄠˊ

Чжан ба дяньган мао

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

丈八 (zhàngbā, “1.8 zhang: 4.158 meters or 13 feet 7.708776 inches”) + 點鋼／点钢 (diǎngāng, “refined steel”) + 矛 (máo, “lance; long spear”).

zh-m

Zhang Fei designed a 1.8 zhang lance, the tip of which was refined steel.

張飛造丈八點鋼矛。

张飞造丈八点钢矛。

(archaic) the long lance used by Zhang Fei


丈八蛇矛

ㄓㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄠˊ

ㄓㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄠˊ

Чжан ба шэмао

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂɤ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

丈八 (1.8 zhang: 4.158 meters or 13 feet 7.708776 inches) + 蛇矛 ("snake lance"; long lance)
* Contrary to popular belief, the snake is more likely a reference to the lance's length rather than the shape of the lance's head.


前進

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵn³³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵn³³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siŋ²¹³/

(～街道) Qianjin (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Qianjin (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) (historical) Qianjin (a village in Liushuquan, Fengnan district, Tangshan, Hebei, China)


大興山

/tä⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/


翻身

/fän⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/

/fän⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/

(～村) Fanshen (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


關公

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (關公):
* → Vietnamese: Quan Công (關公)

/ku̯än⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

關公戰秦瓊／关公战秦琼 ― guāngōng zhàn Qín Qióng ― Lord Guan vs Qin Qiong (d. 638), an idiom describing impossibility or absurdity

(honorific) Lord Guan; Guan Yu (160–219)


廣宗

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guangzong (a county of Xingtai, Hebei, China)


潁川

/iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～郡) (historical) Yingchuan (a commandery in ancient China that existed between the Qin and Tang dynasties, whose capital was located in modern day Yuzhou, Henan, China)


長社

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

(archaic) Changshe (in present day Changge City, Henan)


紅旗

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/aŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/aŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

(～村) Hongqi (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Hongqi (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Hongqi (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


沛國

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰuːi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰuːi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

(archaic) Kingdom of Pei (in part of present day Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces)


譙郡

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ kʷɐn²²/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ kʷɐn²²/

(archaic) Qiao Commandery (in present day Bozhou), Cao Cao is from there.


夏侯

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/haː²² hɐu̯²¹/

/ha⁴¹⁻²² hio²⁴/

/ha²²⁻²¹ hɔ²⁴/

/ha³³⁻²¹ hɔ²³/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ hɔ²⁴/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ hɔ¹³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/haː²² hɐu̯²¹/

/ha⁴¹⁻²² hio²⁴/

/ha²²⁻²¹ hɔ²⁴/

/ha³³⁻²¹ hɔ²³/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ hɔ²⁴/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ hɔ¹³/

Xiahou Dun (Han Dynasty general and politician serving under Cao Cao)

夏侯惇


阿瞞

/ˀä⁵⁵ män³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ män³⁵/


吉利

/t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li²²/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li³³/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ li²²/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ li⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li²²/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li³³/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ li²²/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ li⁴⁴/

(～區) Jili District (a district of Luoyang, Henan, China)


南陽

/nän³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/nän³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

南陽漢畫像石

南阳汉画像石

(～市) Nan'yō (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)

(～鎮) Nanyang (a town in Xingshan, Yichang, Hubei, China)

勞動者區 勞動者區#Chinese

(～勞動者區) Namyang (a worker's district in Onsong, North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


汝南

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

(～縣) Runan (a county of Zhumadian, Henan, China)


頓丘

/tu̯ən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tu̯ən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

(archaic) Dunqiu County (southwest of present day Qingfeng County, Henan)


高岡

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Takaoka (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


隴西

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Longxi (a county of Dingxi, Gansu, China)

(～郡) (historical) Longxi (an ancient commandery of Guanzhong, China during the Qin dynasty, in the southern part of modern Gansu)


臨洮

/lin³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐm²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/lin³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐm²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Lintao (a county of Dingxi, Gansu, China)


撣族

/ʂän⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ʂän⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/


曲陽

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Quyang (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)


先鋒

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/si̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ hɔŋ³³/

/siɛn⁵⁵⁻³³ hɔŋ⁵⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/si̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ hɔŋ³³/

/siɛn⁵⁵⁻³³ hɔŋ⁵⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

(～區域, formerly ～郡) Sŏnbong (a ward of Rason, North Korea)


山頭

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɬũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))nau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɬũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))nau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～社區, formerly ～村) Shantou (a residential community in Dadeng, Xiang'an district, Xiamen, Fujian, China, formerly a village)


擂鼓

/leɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

(～鎮) Leigu (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


陽城

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(archaic, historical) Yangcheng (in modern day Henan province)


得勝

/tɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Desheng (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


宛城

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Wancheng (in modern day Nanyang)


西南

/ɕi⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

Tibet Autonomous Region
Tibet Autonomous Region

(～地區) Southwest China (a region of China; consisting of Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and the Tibet Autonomous Region)

大行政區 大行政區#Chinese

(～大行政區, ～區) (historical) Southwest China (a former greater administrative region of China from 1949 to 1954, consisting of Chongqing, Sichuan, Xikang, Guizhou and Yunnan)


城中

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/siã¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/siã¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～區) Chengzhong (a district of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～區) Chengzhong (a district of Xining, Qinghai, China)

(～街道) Chengzhong (a subdistrict of Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Chengzhong (a subdistrict of Yarkant, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～村) Chengzhong (a village in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


西北

/ɕi⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/ɬai⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾aʔ²¹/

/ɬai⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/ɬai⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾aʔ²¹/

/ɬai⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

(～地區) Northwest China (a region of China; consisting of Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang)

大行政區 大行政區#Chinese

(～大行政區, ～區) (historical) Northwest China (a former greater administrative region of China from 1949 to 1954, consisting of Xi'an, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang)


吳郡

/u³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(historical) Wu Commandery (present day Suzhou, Jiangsu province)


富春

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～縣) (historical) Old name for 富陽／富阳 (Fùyáng, “Fuyang, Zhejiang”).

(historical) Phú Xuân (an ancient name for the city of Huế, Vietnam)


孫武子

/su̯ən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯ən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sun Tzu (military general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period (544 BC - 496 BC))


錢塘

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʑi²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʑi²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Qian Liu
Tang dynasty
Wuyue

Named for the dyke constructed on the river by Qian Liu (錢鏐), ruler of Wuyue, one of the Ten Kingdoms that succeeded the Tang dynasty.

(～江) Qiantang River (a river in Zhejiang, China)

(～縣) (historical) Qiantang (a former county in ancient China; modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang)

(～區) Qiantang (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


知名

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 知名(ちな) (China).

(～町) China (a town in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


許昌

desc

→ English: Hsu-ch'ang, Hsü-ch'ang, Xuchang

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɵy̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕy³³ t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɵy̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕy³³ t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～市) Xuchang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


陽明皇帝

ㄧㄤˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ

ㄧㄤˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Янмин Хуанди

/jɑŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

Emperor Yangming (the rebel Xu Chang gave himself this title and ruled a small fiefdom near Shaoxing between 172-174)


陽明

/jɑŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Yangming District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China

(～鎮) Yangming Town, Heyuan, Guangdong, China


司馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (司馬):
* → Japanese: 司馬(しば) (Shiba)
* → Korean: 사마(司馬) (Sama)
* → Vietnamese: Tư Mã (司馬)

→ Bouyei: Siymaj

→ English: Sima, Szema

→ Zhuang: Swhmaj

/sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/sɯ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/sɯ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

Sima Qian (author of the Records of the Grand Historian)

司馬遷

司马迁

Sima Yi (politician during the Three Kingdoms period)

司馬懿

司马懿


許韶

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯³⁵/

Xu Shao (son of Xu Chang, a rebel who declared himself the Yangming Emperor during the Eastern Han Dynasty)


臧旻

/t͡sɑŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/

/t͡sɑŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/

Zang Min (Han Dynasty), a low-level official who once recommended Sun Jian for a promotion


盱眙

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

Possibly from a historical Kra-Dai language spoken in what was once the Kingdom of Wu, literally "good road", based on textual, grammatical, and phonetic evidences (Zhengzhang, 1990):
* 眙 (OC *lɯ) – "good": cf. Siba Mulam [Term?] (/ʔi˦˨/), Southern Kam [Term?] (/lai˥˥/), Qabiao [Term?] (/(lăŋ˥˥).ʔăj˥˥/); Thai ดี (dii), etc.;
* 盱 (OC *qʰʷa) – "road; path", < alternative transcription 緩 (OC *ɢʷaːnʔ): cf. Siba Mulam [Term?] (/kʰwən˦˨/) Southern Kam [Term?] (/kʰwən˧˥/), Qabiao [Term?] (/xɒn˥˥/); Thai หน (hǒn), Zhuang roen (/ɣon˨˦/), etc.

cog

(lăŋ˥˥).ʔăj˥˥

(～縣) Xuyi (a county of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China)


下邳

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pʰi⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pʰi⁵⁵/


淮泗

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

(archaic) The area between the Huai and Si rivers (between Xuyi County and Xiapei).


南門

/nän³⁵ mən³⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/nän³⁵ mən³⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

(～鎮) Nanmen (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


北門

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ muĩ¹³/

/pak̚²⁻⁵ muĩ²⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ muĩ¹³/

/pak̚²⁻⁵ muĩ²⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Beimen (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)

(～社區, formerly ～村) Beimen (a residential community in Dadeng, Xiang'an district, Xiamen, Fujian, China, formerly a village)

(～村) Beimen (a village in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

Northgate (a neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States)


西門

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

西門豹／西门豹

Ximen Bao (engineer from the state of Wei during the Warring States period)

西門慶／西门庆 ― Xīmén Qìng ― Ximen Qing (character in the novels Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei)


西門

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/sɛ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ mɔŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/sɛ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ mɔŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³/


西門

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

2017, 李錫霖, 蔡榮根, 《鋼結構設計》 [Design of Steel Structures], second edition, Taipei: 五南出版, →ISBN, page 8:

Xīyuán 1868 nián, Déguó de Wēilián Xīmén (William Siemens) hé Fólǐdéruì Xīmén (Freidrich Siemens) xiōngdì wèile kèfú Bǎisàimài fǎ liàngāng pǐnzhì shífēn bù wěndìng de wèntí, zài Yīngguó de Bómínghǎn fāmíngle pínglú fǎ (Open Hearth Process) liàngāng

西元1868年，德國的威廉西門（William Siemens）和佛里得瑞西門（Freidrich Siemens）兄弟爲了克服柏塞麥法煉鋼品質十分不穩定的問題，在英國的伯明罕發明了平爐法（Open Hearth Process）煉鋼

西元1868年，德国的威廉西门（William Siemens）和佛里得瑞西门（Freidrich Siemens）兄弟为了克服柏塞麦法炼钢品质十分不稳定的问题，在英国的伯明罕发明了平炉法（Open Hearth Process）炼钢

A transliteration of the German surname Siemens


東門

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/taŋ³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/taŋ³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

(～社區) Dongmen (a residential community in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Dongmen (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


河南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (河南):
* → Japanese: 河(か)南(なん) (Kanan)
* → Korean: 하남(河南) (Hanam)
* → Vietnamese: Hà Nam (河南)

→ English: Henan

→ Manchu: ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ (honan)

/xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/

/o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/

/o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

(historical) Henan (a geographic region south of the Yellow River in northern China)

Henan (an island and former district, now part of Haizhu District south of the old urban core of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

蒙古族自治縣 蒙古族自治縣#Chinese

Henan Mongol Autonomous County
w:Henan Mongol Autonomous County

(～縣, ～蒙古族自治縣) Henan, Henan Mongol Autonomous County (a Mongol autonomous county in the Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Huangnan prefecture, Qinghai Province, China)

(～町) Kanan (a town in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


上街

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e²⁴/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯ai̯²⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e²⁴/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯ai̯²⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/sœːŋ²² kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kai⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kai³³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kai⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kai⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kai⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kai⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kai³³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kai⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kai⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kai⁴⁴/


南郊

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～街道) Nanjiao (a subdistrict of Zengdu district, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


定州

/tiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Ding Prefecture (prefecture of imperial China under the Northern Wei, Sui, and Tang dynasties)

(～市) Dingzhou (a county-level city of Baoding, Hebei, China)

(～市, formerly ～郡) Chongju (a city in North Pyongan Province, North Korea)


安喜

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


臺北

Sino-Xenic (臺北):
* → Japanese: 台(たい)北(ほく) (Taihoku)
* → Korean: 대북(臺北) (Daebuk)
* → Vietnamese: Đài Bắc (臺北)

→ Amis: Taypak

→ Bunun: Taipak

→ English: Taipei, Taibei, Taipeh

→ Japanese: 台北 (Taipei)

→ Korean: 타이베이 (Taibei), 타이페이 (Taipei)

→ Thai: ไทเป (tai-bpee)

→ Kanakanabu: Taipe

→ Russian: Тайбэ́й (Tajbɛ́j)

→ Saaroa: taipakʉ

→ Saisiyat: taypae'

→ Sakizaya: Taypak

→ Tsou: taipahu

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/tʰoɪ¹¹ pɛt̚¹/

/tai⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/tai¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/tai²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/tai²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/tai¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/tai²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/tʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/tʰoɪ¹¹ pɛt̚¹/

/tai⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/tai¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/tai²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/tai²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/tai¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/tai²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/tʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

Officially, with the creation of Taipeh Prefecture (臺北府) in 1875.

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

(～市) Taipei (capital and special municipality of Taiwan, Republic of China)

(～縣) (historical) Taipei County (former county in Taiwan, now called New Taipei)


海淀

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tiːn²²/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tiːn²²/

Zhèshí dìhòu hé fēipín huángzǐ yī bān rén, bù duō jǐ tiān, dào le Rèhé, zài xínggōng lǐ zhù xià; yīmiàn xiàyù gěi Gōng Qīnwáng, zhuó tā yǔ liánjūn zhǔshuài zǎorì yìhé. Yīmiàn réng zhuó Sēng Ruì liǎng jūn, diào bīng bǎshǒu Hǎidiàn.

這時帝后和妃嬪皇子一班人，不多幾天，到了熱河，在行宮裏住下；一面下諭給恭親王，着他與聯軍主帥早日議和。一面仍着僧瑞兩軍，調兵把守海淀。

这时帝后和妃嫔皇子一班人，不多几天，到了热河，在行宫里住下；一面下谕给恭亲王，着他与联军主帅早日议和。一面仍着僧瑞两军，调兵把守海淀。

Zhǔpú yīlù shuō zhe, bùjué yǐ guò le Hǎidiàn.

主僕一路說着，不覺已過了海甸。

主仆一路说着，不觉已过了海甸。

Cǐwài, yīn huánjìng yǔ zhīshí de tèyì, yòu shǐ yī bùfèn chēfū lìng chéng pàibié. Shēng yú Xīyuàn Hǎidiàn de zìrán yǐ zǒu Xīshān, Yānjīng, Qīnghuá, jiàobǐ fāngbiàn

此外，因環境與知識的特異，又使一部份車夫另成派別。生於西苑海甸的自然以走西山，燕京，淸華，較比方便

此外，因环境与知识的特异，又使一部份车夫另成派别。生于西苑海甸的自然以走西山，燕京，清华，较比方便

(～鎮) Haidian (a former town near the south of Old Summer Palace, Beijing, China, demolished in 2000)

(～區) Haidian (a district named after the town, in Beijing, China)


高橋

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～鎮) Gaoqiao (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)

(～鄉) Gaoqiao (a township in Xingshan, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gaoqiao (a village in Wangshi, Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gaoqiao (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


高橋

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高(たか)橋(はし) (Takahashi).

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 高橋, Takahashi


川崎

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 川(かわ)崎(さき) (Kawasaki).

(～市) Kawasaki (a major city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 川崎, Kawasaki

Kawasaki (a Japanese motorcycle manufacturer)


富士山

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ siː²² saːn⁵⁵/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ siː²² saːn⁵⁵/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富士山 (Fujisan).

obor

Mount Fuji (the highest mountain in Japan)


龍蝦

/lʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ haː⁵⁵/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ he²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ he²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ he²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² he²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɛ¹³/

/leŋ²³⁻²¹ hɛ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/loŋ²² hø⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ haː⁵⁵/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ he²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ he²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ he²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² he²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɛ¹³/

/leŋ²³⁻²¹ hɛ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/loŋ²² hø⁴⁴/


代州

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

After the former Dai Commandery (代郡) which it replaced.

(historical) Dai Prefecture (a former prefecture of imperial China, located in present-day northeastern Shanxi)

(historical) Daizhou (the prefectural seat, eventually located in present-day Daixian, Shanxi)


長沙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (長沙):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)沙(さ) (Chōsa)
* → Korean: 장사(長沙) (Jangsa)
* → Vietnamese: Trường Sa (長沙)

→ English: Changsha, Ch'ang-sha

→ Korean: 창사 (Changsa)

→ Russian: Чанша́ (Čanšá)

→ Zhuang: Cangzsah

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sa²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾na⁵⁵/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sa³³/

/ʈ͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sa²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾na⁵⁵/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sa³³/

/ʈ͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/

(～市) Changsha (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hunan, in south-central China)

(～縣) Changsha (a county of Changsha, Hunan, China)

(historical) Changsha (a former island in the Yangtze estuary in eastern China, now part of Chongming Island)

(～鎮) Changsha (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)

(～鄉) Changsha (a township in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)

(～村) Changsha (a village in Huangqi, Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

Cheung Sha (an area on Lantau, Islands district, New Territories, Hong Kong)


漁陽

/jyː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/jyː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(archaic) Yuyang (in present day Ji County, Tianjin, northern China)


司徒

desc

→ English: Situ, Szeto, Seto, Seeto, Soohoo, Seetoh, Sitoh

→ Tagalog: Soho

→ Zhuang: Swhduz

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

司徒宇斌


烏程

/u⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Wucheng County (in present day Huzhou)


下密

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/

(archaic) Xiami County (southeast of present day Changyi City)


高唐

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(～街道) Gaotang (a subdistrict of Wushan, Chongqing, China)


高堂

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/


平原

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (平原):
* → Japanese: 平原(へいげん) (heigen)
* → Korean: 평원(平原) (pyeong'won)
* → Vietnamese: bình nguyên (平原)

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Pingyuan County
w:Pingyuan County, Shandong

(～縣) Pingyuan County (a county of Shandong, China)

(～省) Pingyuan Province (a former province of China; capital: Xinxiang)

(～鎮) Pingyuan (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


何后

/xɤ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/


解瀆

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu³⁵/

(archaic) Jiedu Ting (near present day Anguo)


龍馬

/lʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

(astronomy) Alternative name for 房 (Fáng, “Room (constellation)”).


解瀆亭侯

ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄉㄨˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄡˊ

ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄉㄨˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄡˊ

Цзеду Тинхоу

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

Marquis of Jiedu Ting (Liu Chang, father to the Emperor Ling of Han)


何太后

/xɤ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/


富貴

Sino-Xenic (富貴):
* → Japanese: 富(ふう)貴(き) (fūki)
* → Korean: 부귀(富貴) (bugwi)
* → Vietnamese: phú quý (富貴), phú quí (富貴)

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fuː³³ kʷɐi̯³³/

/fu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuɪ⁵³/

/hu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ui⁴²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kui²¹/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kui⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kui²¹/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ kui¹¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ kui²¹/

/pu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kui²¹³/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fuː³³ kʷɐi̯³³/

/fu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuɪ⁵³/

/hu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ui⁴²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kui²¹/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kui⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kui²¹/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ kui¹¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ kui²¹/

/pu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kui²¹³/

(～角) Cape Fugui (northernmost point on Taiwan Island)


南華老仙

ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄌㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄌㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢ

Нань Хуа лао сянь

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


南華真人

ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄓㄣ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄓㄣ ㄖㄣˊ

Нань Хуа чжэньжэнь

Nanʹ Xua čžɛnʹžɛnʹ

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/


陳留

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Chenliu County (near present day Kaifeng)


王美人

/wɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

Consort Wang (mother of Emperor Xian of Han)


河間

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Hejian (a county-level city of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～縣) (historical) Hejian (a former county of the historical province of Zhili, in northern China; formerly Wuyuan prior to the Sui dynasty)

(～國, ～郡) (historical) Hejian (a fief or commandery in northern-eastern China during the Warring States period)


國門

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

(～社區) Guomen (a residential community in Mengmao, Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, actually governed by Jiegao Border Trade Zone)


舞陽君

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/


佐藤

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³³ tʰɐŋ²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³³ tʰɐŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐(さ)藤(とう) (Satō).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 佐藤, Satō


舞陽

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Wuyang (a county of Luohe, Henan, China)


伊藤

/i⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tʰɐŋ²¹/

/i⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tʰɐŋ²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 伊藤, Itō


山本

/ʂän⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 山本, Yamamoto


中村

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 中村, Nakamura


小林

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ lɐm²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ lɐm²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 小林, Kobayashi

(～市) Kobayashi (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

(～鎮) Xiaolin (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


加藤

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tʰɐŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tʰɐŋ²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 加藤, Katō


吉田

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 吉田, Yoshida

(～町) Yoshida (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


山口

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山口(やまぐち) (Yamaguchi).

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/suã³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/suã³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

(～市) Yamaguchi (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 山口, Yamaguchi


松本

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ puːn³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ puːn³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 松本, Matsumoto

(～市) Matsumoto (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


井上

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɛːŋ³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɛːŋ³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 井上, Inoue


文陵

/wən³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/wən³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Wen Imperial Mausoleum; Wen Tombs (northwest of present day Luoyang)


網絡

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ lɔːk̚³/

/mɔːŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/ᵐbɔŋ⁵⁵ lɔk̚⁵⁵/

/miɔŋ³¹ lɔk̚⁵/

/baŋ²²⁻²¹ lɔk̚⁴/

/baŋ²²⁻²¹ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/baŋ³³⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/

/baŋ³³⁻²¹ lɔk̚⁴/

/baŋ²² lɔk̚²⁴/

/maŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ lok̚⁴/

/mɑ̃²² loʔ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ lɔːk̚³/

/mɔːŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/ᵐbɔŋ⁵⁵ lɔk̚⁵⁵/

/miɔŋ³¹ lɔk̚⁵/

/baŋ²²⁻²¹ lɔk̚⁴/

/baŋ²²⁻²¹ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/baŋ³³⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/

/baŋ³³⁻²¹ lɔk̚⁴/

/baŋ²² lɔk̚²⁴/

/maŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ lok̚⁴/

/mɑ̃²² loʔ⁴⁴/

網絡經濟

网络经济

視頻在網絡流傳。

视频在网络流传。

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, computing) Internet


網路

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ lou̯²²/

/baŋ³³⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/baŋ³³⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ lou̯²²/

/baŋ³³⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/baŋ³³⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

網路經濟

网路经济


網際網路

ㄨㄤˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄨˋ

ㄨㄤˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄨˋ

Ванцзи Ванлу

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ t͡sɐi̯³³ mɔːŋ¹³ lou̯²²/

/baŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ baŋ³³⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/baŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ baŋ³³⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ t͡sɐi̯³³ mɔːŋ¹³ lou̯²²/

/baŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ baŋ³³⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/baŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ baŋ³³⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/


摩登

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

摩登伽女 摩登伽女#Chinese


兩廣

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ¹³ kʷɔːŋ³⁵/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/liaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kuaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ¹³ kʷɔːŋ³⁵/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/liaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kuaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

Literally "two Guangs". From most viceroyalties consisting of a pair of provinces. Also a contraction of Guangdong (廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng)) and Guangxi (廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)).

zh-l

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)

Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi taken together as a unit)

(historical) Liangguang (the Qing viceroyalty which oversaw both provinces)


山下

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 山下, Yamashita


小松

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小松 (Komatsu).

obor

(～市) Komatsu (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


溫明

/wən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/wən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/


中國大陸

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨˋ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ taːi̯²² lʊk̚²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tai³³⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tai³³⁻¹¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²⁻⁴ tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lek̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ taːi̯²² lʊk̚²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tai³³⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tai³³⁻¹¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²⁻⁴ tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lek̚⁴/


斄鄉

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(archaic) Tai Village (located in present day Wugong County, Shaanxi)


西涼

/ɕi⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹/

(archaic) Liangzhou; Xiliang Province (in present day Wuwei County, Gansu)


西州

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


陝西

desc

→ English: Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shensi, Xensi

→ Manchu: ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ (šansi)

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/siːm³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ˈsɛn²¹³⁻¹³ ɕi⁴²/

/ʃam²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/sieŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/ɬiɛŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵³³/

/ɬiɛŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/siːm³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ˈsɛn²¹³⁻¹³ ɕi⁴²/

/ʃam²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/sieŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/ɬiɛŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵³³/

/ɬiɛŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

From its position west of the Shan Pass in Shanzhou, Henan, through which the Yellow River flows into the North China Plain.

In Shaanxi there are so many different kinds and variations of food made from wheat.

Shǎnxī miànshí de zhǒnglèi hé huāyàng zhēn duō.

陝西麵食的種類和花樣真多。

陕西面食的种类和花样真多。


中間

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯en²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯an²⁴/

/t͡suŋ¹¹ t͡ɕie¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ kan³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯en²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯an²⁴/

/t͡suŋ¹¹ t͡ɕie¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ kan³³/

(～市) Nakama (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


京城

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/kiã³³ siã²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/kiã³³ siã²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

(historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō


澠池

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

(～縣) Mianchi (a county of Sanmenxia, Henan, China)


長樂宮

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(archaic) Changle Palace (a Han Dynasty palace which was located in the ancient city of Chang'an)

(archaic) Changle Palace (a Han Dynasty palace which was located in Luoyang)


嘉德門

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ mən³⁵/

Literally: Gate (at the entrance of the hall of) Resplendent Virtue

(archaic) one of the gates of Changle Palace (長樂宮), in Luoyang


馬爾他語

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄚ ㄩˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄚ ㄩˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

馬耳他語 馬耳他語#Chinese

马耳他语 马耳他语#Chinese

alternative form of 馬耳他語 /马耳他语 (Mǎ'ěrtāyǔ, “Maltese”)


石棉

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² miːn²¹/

/suoʔ⁵⁻³³ mieŋ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mĩ²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩ¹³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² miːn²¹/

/suoʔ⁵⁻³³ mieŋ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mĩ²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩ¹³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²³/

Dating back to the early 20th century – see below for citations.
Previous names include: 石絨 [since 13th century], 石麻, 不灰木, 不盡木, 不燼木, 火浣布.

(～縣) Shimian County (a county of Ya'an, Sichuan, China)


青瑣門

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄣˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄣˊ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

青 ("green") + 瑣 ("chain link") + 門 ("gate")
: The name of one of the gates to the southern palace (南宮), which was located in Luoyang during the Han Dynasty. It derived its name from the fact that the top of the gate was decorated with swirl patterns (resembling the links of a chain), and the gate was painted green.


嘉德殿

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tiːn²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tiːn²²/

(historical) Jiade Hall; one of the halls within Changle Palace (長樂宮／长乐宫 (Chánglègōng)), in Luoyang


惡黨

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

From Hiligaynon Ogtong (“old name of Oton”).

恶党
恶党
福堂
屋堂
屋同
啞陳

(historical) Oton, Iloilo (a municipality of Iloilo province, Western Visayas region, Philippines)


翠花樓

ㄘㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄘㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯³³ faː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯³³ faː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

(archaic) a building within the Changle Palace (in Luoyang, during the Eastern Han Dynasty)