wiki

/wiː⁵⁵ kʰiː³⁵/

/wiː⁵⁵ kʰiː³⁵/


DC

/tiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/tiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/


安全

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安全):
* → Japanese: 安全(あんぜん) (anzen)
* → Korean: 안전(安全) (anjeon)
* → Vietnamese: an toàn (安全)

→ Zhuang: ancienz

→ Hmong: nyab xeeb

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/ᵘɔn³³ tʰun²²/

/ɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ¹³/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰueŋ⁵⁵/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/ᵘɔn³³ tʰun²²/

/ɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ¹³/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰueŋ⁵⁵/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Anquan (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


花園

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɑɻ³⁵/

/xua²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/faː⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hua⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³/

/hua⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/hue³³⁻²³ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɑɻ³⁵/

/xua²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/faː⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hua⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³/

/hua⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/hue³³⁻²³ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

The Malaysian sense is a semantic loan from Malay taman (“park; garden; residential neighborhood”).

sl

(～鎮) Huayuan (a town in Xiaochang, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Huayuan (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


東京

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東京):
* → Japanese: 東京(とうけい) (Tōkei)

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɵŋ³³ ken³³/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ kin⁴⁴/

/tøyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ kiã³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã³³/

/toŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɵŋ³³ ken³³/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ kin⁴⁴/

/tøyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ kiã³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã³³/

/toŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

2006, “富士山下”, in 林夕 (lyrics), What's Going On...?, performed by 陳奕迅 [Eason Chan]:

mong⁴ diu⁶ ngo⁵ gan¹ nei⁵ jan¹ jyun³, jing¹ faa¹ hoi¹ liu⁵ gei² zyun³, dung¹ ging¹ zi¹ leoi⁵ jat¹ zou² bei² jat¹ sai³ jiu⁴ jyun⁵

忘掉我跟你恩怨 櫻花開了幾轉 東京之旅一早比一世遙遠

忘掉我跟你恩怨 樱花开了几转 东京之旅一早比一世遥远

(～都) Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)

《東京夢華錄》／《东京梦华录》 ― “Dōngjīng mènghuá lù”


京都

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 京都 (Kyōto).

obor

(～市) Kyoto (a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


中國

He zun
King Wu of Zhou
Names of China#Zhongguo
Western Zhou

Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.

When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: "Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people."

He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)

Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.

隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。

隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

中國和平崛起

中国和平崛起

中國社會科學院

中国社会科学院

English translations of Chinese classics

中國典籍英譯

中国典籍英译

to interfere in China's internal affairs

干涉中國內政

干涉中国内政

中國的首都是北京。

中国的首都是北京。

他現在在中國旅行。

他现在在中国旅行。

你喜歡中國文學嗎？

你喜欢中国文学吗？

We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.

Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.

伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。

伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。

Someone asks, "The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?" We reply, "Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not."

11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties

Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.

問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。

问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。

c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)

Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.

唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。

唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。

The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.

c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)

國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。

Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!

自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！

自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！

How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.

1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345

jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.

有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。

有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。

China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)


中國

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).

ltc-l

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

Here, 中國 /中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.

這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。

这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。


日本

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (日本):
* → Japanese: 日本(にほん) (Nihon); 日本(にっぽん) (Nippon); 日本(じっぽん) (Jippon)
* → Korean: 일본(日本) (Ilbon)
* → Vietnamese: Nhật Bản (日本)

→ Lao: ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ (nyī pun)

→ Malay: Jepang, Jepun (see there for further descendants)

→ Manchu: ᡰᡳ
ᠪᡝᠨ (ži ben)

→ Thai: ญี่ปุ่น (yîi-bpùn)

→ Tibetan: ཇི་བེན (ji ben)

→ Wutunhua: reben

→ Zhuang: Yizbwnj

/ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐ̩⁴⁴ pəŋ⁵¹/

/ᵑɡit̚³² pᵘɔn⁵⁵/

/ʐəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ pəŋ⁵³/

/nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ puoŋ³³/

/t͡siʔ⁴⁻²¹ pɔŋ⁴⁵³/

/t͡siʔ⁴⁻² puoŋ³³²/

/d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³/

/d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ pun⁴²/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pun⁵³/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴/

/d͡zik̚⁴⁻² puŋ⁵²/

/zəʔ¹¹ pən²³/

/zəʔ²² pən⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐ̩⁴⁴ pəŋ⁵¹/

/ᵑɡit̚³² pᵘɔn⁵⁵/

/ʐəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ pəŋ⁵³/

/nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ puoŋ³³/

/t͡siʔ⁴⁻²¹ pɔŋ⁴⁵³/

/t͡siʔ⁴⁻² puoŋ³³²/

/d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³/

/d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ pun⁴²/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pun⁵³/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴/

/d͡zik̚⁴⁻² puŋ⁵²/

/zəʔ¹¹ pən²³/

/zəʔ²² pən⁵¹/

This appellation comes from imperial correspondence between the Chinese Sui Dynasty and Japan, and refers to the eastward position of Japan relative to China.

the sun's origin; where the sun originates

日本電視劇／日本电视剧 ― Rìběn diànshìjù ― Japanese TV drama

Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


Nike

/nɐi̯⁵⁵ kʰiː³⁵/

/nɐi̯⁵⁵ kʰiː³⁵/


布列塔尼

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

Brittany (a cultural region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)

administrative region
administrative region

Brittany (an administrative region of northwest France, including most of the historic region of Brittany)


西藏

Sino-Xenic (西藏):
* → Japanese: 西蔵(せいぞう) (Seizō)
* → Korean: 서장(西藏) (Seojang)
* → Vietnamese: Tây Tạng (西藏)

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ²²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/si⁵³ t͡sʰoŋ³³/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³/

/sɛ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɑuŋ²⁴²/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))lɒŋ¹¹/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lɒŋ²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ²²/

/se³³ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ²²/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔŋ³³/

/sai³³⁻²³ t͡saŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ zɑ̃²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ²²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/si⁵³ t͡sʰoŋ³³/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³/

/sɛ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɑuŋ²⁴²/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))lɒŋ¹¹/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lɒŋ²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ²²/

/se³³ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔŋ²²/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔŋ³³/

/sai³³⁻²³ t͡saŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ zɑ̃²¹/

First attested in the late 16th century, in Ming dynasty official documents. 西 (xī, “west”) denotes the location of Tibet relative to the Qinghai Lake, while 藏 (Zàng) is a shortening of 烏思藏／乌思藏 (Wūsīzàng, “Ü-Tsang”), which was borrowed from Tibetan དབུས་གཙང (dbus gtsang) (Li, 2016).
Manchu ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᡯᠠᠩ (wargi dzang, “Ü-Tsang; Tibet”, literally “west dzang”) appears to be a calque of 西藏 (Li, 2018).

ncog

1575, 蔡汝賢, (Please provide the book title or journal name); quoted in 明神宗顯皇帝實錄, (Please provide a date or year):

Gài xǔ zhī jiàn sì, zé Xīzàng yī lù wǎnglái zìyóu; tīng zhī fèng fó, zé nánběi zhū fān jiāotōng wú jìn, bǐ xiálǔ qǐ zhēn yǒu cóngshàn zhī niàn zāi?

蓋許之建寺，則西藏一路往來自繇；聽之奉佛，則南北諸番交通無禁，彼黠虜豈真有從善之念哉？

盖许之建寺，则西藏一路往来自繇；听之奉佛，则南北诸番交通无禁，彼黠虏岂真有从善之念哉？

c. 1590s, 鄭洛, 敬陳備禦海虜事宜以弭後患疏; quoted in 皇明經世文編, 1638:

Zì lǔ kuǎn yǐhòu, fān lǔ jiāotōng, gè sēng jiùjìn qǔdào hǎi shàng, zhí fù Xīzàng.

自虜款以後，番虜交通，各僧就近取道海上，直赴西藏。

自虏款以后，番虏交通，各僧就近取道海上，直赴西藏。

1764, 欽定大清會典

Běi yú Hànhǎi, xī jué Qiāng huāng, Qīnghǎi, Èlǔtè, Xīzàng, Zhǔngá'ěr zhī dì xián rù bǎntú.

北踰瀚海，西絶羌荒，青海、厄魯特、西藏、準噶爾之地咸入版圖。

1764, 欽定大清會典

北逾瀚海，西绝羌荒，青海、厄鲁特、西藏、准噶尔之地咸入版图。

Tibet (a geographic region in Central Asia, the homeland of the Tibetan people)

～自治區 西藏自治區#Chinese

(～自治區, formerly ～地方) Tibet (an autonomous region of China)


維基字典

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ ㄗˋ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ ㄗˋ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

вэйцзи цзыдянь

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

維基詞典 維基詞典#Chinese

维基词典 维基词典#Chinese

(uncommon) synonym of 維基詞典 /维基词典 (Wéijī Cídiǎn, “Wiktionary”)


長城

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ²¹ t͡sʰən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬia¹³/

dyoeng² siann² [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ siann²]

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬĩã²⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/zã²² zən⁴⁴/

/zã²² zən²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ²¹ t͡sʰən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬia¹³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬĩã²⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/zã²² zən⁴⁴/

/zã²² zən²²/

(～區) (historical) Changcheng (a former district of Jiayuguan, Gansu, China)


dem

(Internet slang, US Politics) The Democratic Party in the United States.

(Internet slang, US Politics) A member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States.


修羅

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/


澳洲

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/ɔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/ɔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

From 澳 (Ào, abbreviation of 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà), from English Australia) + 洲 (zhōu, “continent”).

zh-l

澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà)

zh-m

The low price of China's goods allows them to break into the Australian market.

Dījià ràng Zhōngguó shāngpǐn zài Àozhōu de shìchǎng dǎkāi júmiàn.

低價讓中國商品在澳洲的市場打開局面。

低价让中国商品在澳洲的市场打开局面。

1904, Liang Qichao, 新大陸遊記 [Travel Notes of the New Continent], 廣智書局, published 1907, page 8:

In Western Australia and South Australia, entry is limited to those who can understand more than fifty sentences in English.

Àozhōu zhī Xī'ào, Nán'ào liǎng shěng, xiàn néng jiě yīngyǔ wǔshí jù yǐshàng zhě, nǎi kě dēnglù.

澳洲之西澳、南澳兩省，限能解英語五十句以上者，乃可登陸。

澳洲之西澳、南澳两省，限能解英语五十句以上者，乃可登陆。

Australia reported on Sunday (26th) that 10 people died from COVID-19, marking a new single-day high since the outbreak of the pandemic.

2020 July 27, 《澳 10 人冠病死 單日新高》, in Harian Indonesia, page A5

Àozhōu zhōurì (26 rì) tōngbào yǒu 10 rén sǐ yú 2019guānzhuàngbìngdúbìng, chuàng yìqíng bàofā chuàng dānrì sǐwáng shùzì xīngāo.

澳洲週日（26日）通報有10人死於2019冠狀病毒病，創疫情爆發創單日死亡數字新高。

澳洲周日（26日）通报有10人死于2019冠状病毒病，创疫情爆发创单日死亡数字新高。

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


澳大利亞

ㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ taːi̯²² lei̯²² aː³³/

/o⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/o⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ a³¹/

/o²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lai²⁴²⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ tua³³⁻²¹ li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ tua³³⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/ɔ³³ da⁵⁵ li³³ ia²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ taːi̯²² lei̯²² aː³³/

/o⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/o⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ a³¹/

/o²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lai²⁴²⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ tua³³⁻²¹ li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ tua³³⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/ɔ³³ da⁵⁵ li³³ ia²¹/

Borrowed from English Australia or Dutch Australië.

入境澳大利亞

入境澳大利亚

澳大利亞本土品牌

澳大利亚本土品牌

Australia has three levels of government: federal, state and local.

Àodàlìyà yǒu sān jí zhèngfǔ: liánbāng zhèngfǔ, zhōu zhèngfǔ hé dìfāng zhèngfǔ.

澳大利亞有三級政府：聯邦政府、州政府和地方政府。

澳大利亚有三级政府：联邦政府、州政府和地方政府。

Is the cost of living in Australia high?

澳大利亞消費高嗎？

澳大利亚消费高吗？

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 1, pages 6–7:

Aside from the four continents there are a multitude of islands, the largest of which is Australia. Remaining islands include the archipelago of Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean Islands of America. All of them frequented by merchant vessels.

Sì dà tǔ zhīwài, dǎoyǔ shèn duō, zuì dà zhě Àodàlìyà, yú zé Yàxìyà zhī Nányáng zhūdǎo, Yàmòlìjiā zhī hǎiwān qúndǎo, jiē shāngsōu shuò zhì zhī dì yě.

四大土之外，島嶼甚多，最大者澳大利亞，餘則亞細亞之南洋諸島、亞墨利加之海灣群島，皆商艘數至之地也。

四大土之外，岛屿甚多，最大者澳大利亚，余则亚细亚之南洋诸岛、亚墨利加之海湾群岛，皆商艘数至之地也。


回教

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/


北京

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (北京):
* → Japanese: 北京(ほっきょう) (Hokkyō)
* → Korean: 북경(北京) (Bukgyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Bắc Kinh (北京)

→ Amis: Piking

→ Arabic: بِكِين (bikīn)

→ Asturian: Beijing

→ Belarusian: Пекі́н (Pjekín)

→ Bengali: বেইজিং (beijiṅ)

→ Bouyei: Bagtjingl

desc

→ Burmese: ပေကျင်း (pe-kyang:), ပီကင်း (pikang:)

→ Catalan: Pequín

→ Czech: Peking

→ Danish: Beijing, Peking

→ Dutch: Peking

→ English: Beijing, Peking, Pei-ching

→ French: Pékin

→ Finnish: Peking, Beijing

→ Georgian: პეკინი (ṗeḳini)

→ German: Peking

→ Greek: Πεκίνο (Pekíno)

→ Hebrew: בייג׳ינג (beijing)

→ Hindi: बेजिंग (bejiṅg)

→ Hlai: Bhakgengs

→ Hungarian: Peking

→ Italian: Pechino

→ Japanese: 北(ペ)京(キン) (Pekin)

→ Kazakh: Бейжің (Beijıñ)

→ Khmer: ប៉េកាំង (peekang)

→ Korean: 베이징 (Beijing)

→ Lao: ປັກກິງ (pak king)

→ Latin: Pechinum

→ Latvian: Pekina

→ Lithuanian: Pekinas

→ Lü: ᦵᦗᦲᧉᦋᦲᧃᧈ (poe²tsiin¹)

→ Lü: ᦵᦗᦲᧉᦋᦲᧃᧈ (poe²tsiin¹)

→ Macedonian: Пекинг (Peking)

→ Manchu: ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ (beging)

→ Mongolian: Бээжин (Beežin) / ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ (begeǰing)

→ Nepali: बेइजिङ (beijiṅ)

→ Nuosu: ꀙꏢ (bip ji)

→ Persian: پکن (pekan)

→ Polish: Pekin

→ Portuguese: Pequim

→ Romanian: Beijing, Pekin

→ Russian: Пеки́н (Pekín)

→ Armenian: Պեկին (Pekin)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Пѐкинг / Pèking, Бејџинг / Bejdžing

→ Slovene: Peking

→ Spanish: Pekín, Pequín

→ Swedish: Peking, Beijing

→ Telugu: బీజింగ్ (bījiṅg)

→ Thai: ปักกิ่ง (bpàk-gìng)

→ Tibetan: པེ་ཅིན (pe cin), པེ་ཅིང (pe cing)

→ Urdu: بیجنگ (bējiṅg)

→ Uyghur: بېيجىڭ (bëyjing)

→ Zhuang: Baekging

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pei²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕin⁴²/

/pei⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/pɛ²⁴ keiŋ⁵⁴/

/pøyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kiŋ⁵⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kiŋ⁵³³/

/paʔ²⁻⁴ kiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiã³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ kĩã³³/

/poʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/pɤ̞²⁴ t͡ɕin³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pei²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕin⁴²/

/pei⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/pɛ²⁴ keiŋ⁵⁴/

/pøyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kiŋ⁵⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kiŋ⁵³³/

/paʔ²⁻⁴ kiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiã³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ kĩã³³/

/poʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/pɤ̞²⁴ t͡ɕin³³/

南京 — 洛陽

Other capitals in the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China

中國的首都是北京。

中国的首都是北京。

Beijing’s spring is very suitable for cycling around the hutongs.

Běijīng de chūntiān hěn shìhé qíchē guàng hútòng.

北京的春天很適合騎車逛衚衕。

北京的春天很适合骑车逛胡同。

Forgive me for not being able to go with you to Beijing.

原諒我不能陪你去北京。

原谅我不能陪你去北京。

This story took place during the Xuande era of the current dynasty. There was an elderly man named Liu De who resided in Hexiwu town. This town is located beside the canal, about 200 lis away from Peking, and serves as a crucial route for people traveling to and from the capital from various provinces.

Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World, 1627 CE

Zhè huàběn yě chū zài běncháo Xuāndé nián jiān, yǒu yī lǎozhě, xìng Liú, míng Dé, jiā zuǒ Héxīwù zhèn shàng. Zhè zhèn zài yùnhé zhī páng, lí běijīng yǒu èrbǎi lǐ tiándì, nǎi gè shěng chūrù jīngdōu de yàolù.

這話本也出在本朝宣德年間，有一老者，姓劉，名德，家佐河西務鎮上。這鎮在運河之旁，離北京有二百里田地，乃各省出入京都的要路。

这话本也出在本朝宣德年间，有一老者，姓刘，名德，家佐河西务镇上。这镇在运河之旁，离北京有二百里田地，乃各省出入京都的要路。

(～市) Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

南京 — 東京

southern capital; eastern capital; western capital

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

(metonymic) Beijing (the government of the People's Republic of China)

Jiankang (capital of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Nanjing, Jiangsu province

Jingkou (birthplace of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province

Pingcheng (capital of Northern Wei dynasty)—in modern-day Datong, Shanxi province

Taiyuan Fu (birthplace of Tang dynasty and many subsequent states)—in modern-day Taiyuan, Shanxi province

Daming Fu (visited by Emperor Zhenzong)—in modern-day Handan, Hebei province

Shangjing Linhuang Fu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Chifeng, Inner Mongolia

Zhongdu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Beijing

Kaifeng Fu (Ming dynasty)—in modern-day Kaifeng, Henan province


多大

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

short for 多倫多大學／多伦多大学 (Duōlúnduō Dàxué, “University of Toronto”)


哥哥

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

(colloquial) Leslie Cheung (Cantopop singer)


加拿大

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (加拿大):
* → Vietnamese: Gia Nã Đại (加拿大)

→ Zhuang: Gyahnazda

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nä³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ naː²¹ taːi̯²²/

/ka³³ ⁿda²² ai³²⁻³²⁵/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/ka⁵⁵⁻²¹ nˡa³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴²/

/ka³³ na⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²/

/ka³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tai³³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²/

/kia³³⁻²³ na⁵²⁻³⁵ tai³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nä³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ naː²¹ taːi̯²²/

/ka³³ ⁿda²² ai³²⁻³²⁵/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/ka⁵⁵⁻²¹ nˡa³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴²/

/ka³³ na⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²/

/ka³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tai³³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²/

/kia³³⁻²³ na⁵²⁻³⁵ tai³⁵/

Attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] as 加拿大國／加拿大国, referring to the French colony within the larger territory of New France.

Wèishénme nàme duō yímín xuǎnzé Jiānádà?

為什麼那麼多移民選擇加拿大？

为什么那么多移民选择加拿大？

1864, Henry Wheaton, translated by William Alexander Parsons Martin, 萬國公法, volume 4, 京都崇實館, page 22:

Yīngguó shuǐshī tídū, xíngwén biàn qí shì, wèi Měiguó bīng, fàn qí shǔbù Jiānádà shí, céng xíng cǐ bùfǎ zhī shì, gù qí lái shū yún, Jiānádà zǒngdū, céng bǐng wǒ, yǐ Měiguó zhī rén, shàn huǐ wǒguó mínwù, qǐng jí huánbào fùchóu.

英國水師提督，行文辨其事，謂美國兵，犯其屬部加拿大時，曾行此不法之事，故其來書云，加拿大總督，曾稟我，以美國之人，擅毀我國民物，請即還報復仇。

英国水师提督，行文辨其事，谓美国兵，犯其属部加拿大时，曾行此不法之事，故其来书云，加拿大总督，曾禀我，以美国之人，擅毁我国民物，请即还报复仇。

1904, Liang Qichao, 新大陸遊記 [Travel Notes of the New Continent], 廣智書局, published 1907, page 4:

Huárén zhī zài Jiānádà zhě, shēngjì shū jiǒngcù, yuǎn bùdài zài Měiguó. Qí gōngrén zhī bù dé zhíyè zhě shí ér wǔ liù, kùnkǔ bùkěyánzhuàng.

華人之在加拿大者，生計殊窘蹙，遠不逮在美國。其工人之不得職業者十而五六，困苦不可言狀。

华人之在加拿大者，生计殊窘蹙，远不逮在美国。其工人之不得职业者十而五六，困苦不可言状。


少林

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/siːu̯³³ lɐm²¹/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/siːu̯³³ lɐm²¹/

少 (Shào) is short for 少室山 (Shàoshìshān, “Shaoshi Peak”), the western peak of Mount Song. The eponymous temple is located north of the peak, a forested area.


國語

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ jyː¹³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵑɡui²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/kuɛt̚⁵ ˈn̠ʲy²¹³/

/kuoʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋy³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³⁻⁴ u⁴⁴⁵/

/kok̚²⁻⁴ ɡɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/koʔ³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ jyː¹³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵑɡui²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/kuɛt̚⁵ ˈn̠ʲy²¹³/

/kuoʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋy³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³⁻⁴ u⁴⁴⁵/

/kok̚²⁻⁴ ɡɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/koʔ³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

Spring and Autumn period
w:Spring and Autumn period

Discourses of the States (a text from the Spring and Autumn period)


酷兒

Phono-semantic matching of Japanese Qoo (Kū).

psm

/kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/hʊk̚² jiː²¹/

/kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/hʊk̚² jiː²¹/

Even though Coca-Cola has been manufacturing one type of beverage for almost a century, it has also completed its product line extension, successively releasing Diet Coke, Coke for children, Coke Zero, etc., and additionally, Fanta, Qoo, and Sprite. Its place in the market is naturally very stable; all of this must be attributed to brand extension.

2009, 張中孚, 《世界老字號的不朽傳奇》, page 123

Kěkǒukělè suīrán jìn bǎinián zhǐ shēngchǎn yī zhǒng yǐnliào, xiànzài yě wánchéng le nèixiàn yánshēn, xiānhòu tuīchū jiànyí kělè, értóng kělè, wútáng kělè děng, zài jiāshàng Fēndá, Kù'ér, Xuěbì, qí shìchǎng dìwèi zìrán shífēn wěngù, zhèxiē dōu yào guīgōng gěi pǐnpái yánshēn.

可口可樂雖然近百年只生產一種飲料，現在也完成了內線延伸，先後推出健怡可樂、兒童可樂、無糖可樂等，再加上芬達、酷兒、雪碧，其市場地位自然十分穩固，這些都要歸功給品牌延伸。

2009, 張中孚, 《世界老字號的不朽傳奇》, page 123

可口可乐虽然近百年只生产一种饮料，现在也完成了内线延伸，先后推出健怡可乐、儿童可乐、无糖可乐等，再加上芬达、酷儿、雪碧，其市场地位自然十分稳固，这些都要归功给品牌延伸。

Precise positioning is foundational to successfully operating a brand. Consumers choose Qoo exactly because its positioning matches their psychological needs.

Zhǔnquè de xíngxiàng dìngwèi shì chénggōng jīngyíng pǐnpái de jīchǔ, xiāofèizhě xuǎnzé Kù'ér, zhèngshì yīnwèi qí xíngxiàng dìngwèi fúhé xiāofèizhě de xīnlǐ xūqiú.

準確的形象定位是成功經營品牌的基礎，消費者選擇酷兒，正是因為其形象定位符合消費者的心理需求。

准确的形象定位是成功经营品牌的基础，消费者选择酷儿，正是因为其形象定位符合消费者的心理需求。

Things [Qoo] likes: drinking Qoo juices and beverages, taking baths, and making friends with animals.

Xǐhuān shìwù: hē Kù'ér guǒzhī, yǐnliào, xǐzǎo, hé dòngwù jiāo péngyou.

喜歡事物：喝酷兒果汁、飲料，洗澡，和動物交朋友。

喜欢事物：喝酷儿果汁、饮料，洗澡，和动物交朋友。


匈牙利

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ jä³⁵ li⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ ŋaː²¹ lei̯²²/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴ ŋa¹¹ li⁵⁵/

/hiʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋa¹¹ li⁵³/

/hyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋa⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²¹³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡa²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/hiɔŋ³³ ɡa²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²³⁻³³ li³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɛ¹³⁻²² li²²/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡe²³⁻³³ li³³/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ ŋa³³ li²¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ jä³⁵ li⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ ŋaː²¹ lei̯²²/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴ ŋa¹¹ li⁵⁵/

/hiʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋa¹¹ li⁵³/

/hyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋa⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²¹³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡa²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/hiɔŋ³³ ɡa²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²³⁻³³ li³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɛ¹³⁻²² li²²/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡe²³⁻³³ li³³/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ ŋa³³ li²¹/

Borrowed from English Hungary. Attested as early as 1844 in 萬國地理全集 by German missionary Karl Gützlaff.

匈牙利燉牛肉／匈牙利炖牛肉

匈牙利舞曲

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 5, page 7:

Transylvania, also known as Seven Mountains, lies to the southeast of Hungary. Its mountain ranges tower into the heavens and bear gold and iron ores. Its capital is called Hermannstadt, with a population of twenty thousand residents.

Dálángxīlǐwǎníyà yòu míng Qīshān, zài Xiōngyálì zhī dōngnán, shānlǐng gāo jì xiāohàn, chū jīn tiě kuàng, huìchéng yuē Hēimàn, jūmín èr wàn.

達郎西里瓦尼亞又名七山，在匈牙利之東南，山嶺高際霄漢，出金鐵鑛，會城曰黑曼，居民二萬。

达郎西里瓦尼亚又名七山，在匈牙利之东南，山岭高际霄汉，出金铁矿，会城曰黑曼，居民二万。


加的夫

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɪk̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɪk̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

Cardiff (a city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales)


麒麟

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ lin³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki¹³⁻²² lin¹³/

/ki²³⁻³³ lin²³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ lin³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki¹³⁻²² lin¹³/

/ki²³⁻³³ lin²³/

Old Chinese pronunciation for this word was *g(ɯ)-rin (Zhengzhang), and in pre-Qin times the beast was also referred to as
* 麟 (OC *rin),
* 麐 (OC *m·rin, *m·rins),
* 𪊓, or
* 蔽 (OC *peds),
the last two having been attested in the oracle bone script already.
There is much debate as to what animal the qilin beast was; some maintain that the qilin was a beast only found in mythology, even though it may have been based on some animal in pre-historic times, and some argue that the qilin was in reality the river deer, the ox or cow, or the Indian rhinoceros (Wang, 2009).
Janhunen (2011) tentatively compares 麒麟 (OC *ɡɯ rin) to a Northeast Asian etymon *kalimV, which denotes either "whale" or "mammoth"; however, he cautiously remarks that "[t]he formal and semantic similarity between *kilin < *gilin ~ *gïlin 'unicorn' and *kalimV 'whale' (but also Samoyedic *kalay- 'mammoth') is sufficient to support, though perhaps not confirm, the hypothesis of an etymological connection". He also notes a possible connection between Old Chinese and Mongolian (*)kers ~ (*)keris ~ (*)kiris "rhinoceros" (> Khalkha Mongolian хирс (xirs)).

(～區) Qilin District (district in Qujing, Yunnan province, China)

(～鎮) Qilin (a town in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)


海王星

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hai³³⁻³⁵ uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/he³³ ɦuɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hai³³⁻³⁵ uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/he³³ ɦuɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

Neptune (eighth planet of the solar system)

太阳系的行星: 水星 · 金星 · 地球 · 火星 · 木星 · 土星 · 天王星 · 海王星 [edit]


瑞典

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯²² tiːn³⁵/

/suɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiɛn³¹/

/sui²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/sui³³⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴¹/

/sui³⁵⁻¹¹ tieŋ⁵²/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯²² tiːn³⁵/

/suɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiɛn³¹/

/sui²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/sui²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/sui³³⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴¹/

/sui³⁵⁻¹¹ tieŋ⁵²/

From English Sweden, borrowed through a southern Chinese variety (where 瑞 is pronounced with an s- initial), or an earlier stage of Mandarin. See also 瑞士 (Ruìshì).

1838, Karl Gützlaff, 古今萬國綱鑑, volume 19, Singapore: 堅夏書院, page 87:

Dàní zú qǐ gēngtián, zhǒng wǔgǔ jí ānfèn, guó zhě yǔ Ruìdiǎn dìfāng héhé, wéi Dàní wáng xíng nüèzhèng, Ruìdiǎn mín fǎnpàn yān.

大尼族起耕田，種五穀及安分，國者與瑞典地方和合，惟大尼王行虐政，瑞典民反叛焉。

大尼族起耕田，种五谷及安分，国者与瑞典地方和合，惟大尼王行虐政，瑞典民反叛焉。

1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, Macao: S.W. Williams, page 411:

Sweden and Norway, of which Charles XIV. is king.

seoi⁶ din² no⁵ waa⁴ loeng⁵ gwok³ ze² wong⁴ hou⁶ zaa¹ lei⁵ dai⁶ sap⁶ sei³ cyun⁴

瑞典那華兩國者王號揸理第十四傳

瑞典那华两国者王号揸理第十四传

Sweden (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)

(neologism, Internet slang) Northeast China


喇沙

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/laː³³ saː⁵⁵/

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/laː³³ saː⁵⁵/


大和

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大和):
* → Japanese: 大(だい)和(わ) (Daiwa)

/taːi̯²² wɔː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/taːi̯²² wɔː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(Chinese history) an era during the Tang dynasty, from 827 through 835 CE

(Chinese history) an era during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, from 929 through 935 CE

(Vietnamese history) an era during the reign of Lê Nhân Tông, from 1443 through 1453

(～鄉) Dahe (a township in Bazhou district, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)


大和

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大和(やまと) (Yamato).

/taːi̯²² wɔː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/taːi̯²² wɔː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～市) Yamato (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)

(～國) Yamato Province, a former province in Japan, generally equivalent Nara Prefecture

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 大和, Yamato


易經

Sino-Xenic (易經):
* → Japanese: 易経(えききょう) (Ekikyō)
* → Korean: 역경(易經) (Yeokgyeong)

→ English: I Ching, Yi Jing

→ Vietnamese: Kinh Dịch (calque)

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/i²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪk̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iak̚²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iaʔ⁴⁻² kĩã³³/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/i²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪk̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iak̚²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iaʔ⁴⁻² kĩã³³/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/


撒旦

/sä⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/sä⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew שָׂטָן (Śāṭān).

Alternative name for 撒但 (Sādàn, “Satan; shaitan”).


中央

ja-r

中(ちゅう)央(おう) (chūō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (中央):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)央(おう) (chūō)
* → Korean: 중앙(中央) (jung'ang)
* → Vietnamese: trung ương (中央)

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ⁵³ oŋ⁵³/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

doeng¹ yorng¹ [Phonetic:doeng⁵ ngyorng¹]

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyɒŋ⁵³³/

dyoeng¹ yoeng¹ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ ngyoeng¹]

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ⁵³ oŋ⁵³/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyɒŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

(～區) Chūō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

(～市) Chūō (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


平壤

→ English: P'ing-jang, Pingrang

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʐɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡ziaŋ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ ziɔŋ⁴¹/

/bin²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʐɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡ziaŋ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ ziɔŋ⁴¹/

/bin²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

(～市) Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


長崎

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kia³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kia³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kia³³/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kia³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kia³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kia³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kia³³/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kia³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長崎(ながさき) (Nagasaki).

(～市) Nagasaki (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


秋葉原

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ jiːp̚² jyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ jiːp̚² jyːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 秋(あき)葉(は)原(ばら) (Akihabara).

Akihabara (a neighborhood of Tokyo, Japan)


成田

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

成田國際機場

成田国际机场

(～市) Narita (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


名古屋

/miŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/

/miŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 名古屋(なごや) (Nagoya).

(～市) Nagoya (the capital city of Aichi Prefecture, in central Honshu, Japan)


花花公子

ㄏㄨㄚ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗˇ

ㄏㄨㄚ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗˇ

хуахуа гунцзы

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hua³³ hua³³ kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ho⁵⁵ ho³³ koŋ³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hua³³ hua³³ kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ho⁵⁵ ho³³ koŋ³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

Playboy (a brand of adult magazines introduced in the United States)


火星

Sino-Xenic (火星):
* → Japanese: 火星(かせい) (Kasei)
* → Korean: 화성(火星) (Hwaseong)
* → Vietnamese: Hoả Tinh (火星)

desc

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (ʾwwt ywltwz /Oot yultuz/) (calque)

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huo⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huo⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa⁵³³/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa⁵³³/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/


維基百科

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ ㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ

Вэйцзи Байкэ

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/uei²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pɛ²¹ kʰo⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵/

/ui²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/ui²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁴⁴/

/vi²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴ paʔ³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/uei²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pɛ²¹ kʰo⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵/

/ui²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/ui²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁴⁴/

/vi²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴ paʔ³³ kʰu⁴⁴/


西非

/ɕi⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵/

West Africa (a geographic region comprising the western portion of Africa, spanning 16 countries)


太陽系

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jœːŋ²¹ hɐi̯²²/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹ ne⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² he²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ he³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ he³³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² he⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³⁻²² he²²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hi³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jœːŋ²¹ hɐi̯²²/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹ ne⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² he²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ he³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ he³³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² he⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³⁻²² he²²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hi³⁵/


蘋果

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰĩ²⁴ ko¹¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʷɔː³⁵/

/pʰəŋ²¹ kɔ³⁵/

/pʰen²² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁴² kɔ²¹/

/pʰiŋ¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuo³³/

/piŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kɒ⁴⁵³/

/piŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kɒ³³²/

/pʰeŋ²³⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹² ko⁵³/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ko⁴²/

/pʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵⁵/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kue⁴²/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũẽ⁵²/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ko³³/

/biŋ²² kəu⁵¹/

/piŋ³³ kuɤ⁵³⁵/

/bin¹³ kɔ⁴²⁻¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰĩ²⁴ ko¹¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʷɔː³⁵/

/pʰəŋ²¹ kɔ³⁵/

/pʰen²² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁴² kɔ²¹/

/pʰiŋ¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuo³³/

/piŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kɒ⁴⁵³/

/piŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kɒ³³²/

/pʰeŋ²³⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹² ko⁵³/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ko⁴²/

/pʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵⁵/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kue⁴²/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũẽ⁵²/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ko³³/

/biŋ²² kəu⁵¹/

/piŋ³³ kuɤ⁵³⁵/

/bin¹³ kɔ⁴²⁻¹/

From abbreviation of the Sanskrit transcription 頻婆 + native Chinese 果 (“fruit”).
A 艹 (“grass”) radical was added to 頻 to make its meaning more apparent. See 頻婆 for more.


菩薩

Phono-semantic matching of Khmer ពោធិ៍សាត់ (poosat).

psm

/pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/pʰᵘɔ²² ɬat̚³³/

/pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sak̚²/

/bu¹¹ sɑʔ⁵³/

/pʰu¹³ sa̠²⁴/

/pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/pʰᵘɔ²² ɬat̚³³/

/pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sak̚²/

/bu¹¹ sɑʔ⁵³/

/pʰu¹³ sa̠²⁴/

(～市) Pursat (a city in Pursat, Cambodia)


土星

desc

𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴

→ Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (twprʾq ywltwz /Tupraḳ yultuz/) (calque)

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/tʰu³³ ɕin⁴⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/tʰu³³ ɕin⁴⁴/

From 土 (“soil, earth, field”) and 星 (xīng, “star”).


重大

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ²² taːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃʰuŋ³³ tʰai³³/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tua²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ²² taːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃʰuŋ³³ tʰai³³/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tua²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ tä⁵¹/

重慶大學 w:zh:重慶大學


Apple

/ɛːp̚⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/ɛːp̚⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese) Apple (name of the company Apple Inc.)


City

/siːt̚⁵ tʰiː³⁵/

/siːt̚⁵ tʰiː³⁵/

Clipping of English CityU, short for city university.

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) CityU; City University of Hong Kong


Excel

/ɪk̚⁵ sɛːu̯³⁵/

/ɪk̚⁵ sɛːu̯³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, software) Excel (Microsoft program)


越南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (越南):
* → Japanese: 越(えつ)南(なん) (Etsunan)
* → Okinawan: 越(いつ)南(なん) (Itsunan)
* → Korean: 월남(越南) (Wollam)
* → Vietnamese: Việt Nam (越南)

→ Zhuang: Yeznanz

/ɥɛ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/uoʔ⁵⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/œʔ⁴⁻²¹ naŋ¹³/

/yøʔ⁴⁻² naŋ²⁴/

/uat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lam¹³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ nø²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/uoʔ⁵⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/œʔ⁴⁻²¹ naŋ¹³/

/yøʔ⁴⁻² naŋ²⁴/

/uat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lam¹³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ nø²³/

越 (“Yue”) + 南 (“south”). See 越 (yuè) and Vietnamese Việt Nam for more.


麥可

/maɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the English male given name Michael


CBA

Initialism of English Chinese Basketball Association.


seafood

From English seafood, which resembles the pronunciation of 師父 /师父 (shīfu) and is the way the believers refer to him. Possibly via Cantonese 師父 /师父 (si¹ fu⁶⁻²).

(Taiwan, slang) Liu Chin-lung, founder and leader of the cult Rulaizong


二十

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɚ²¹³ sz̩²¹/

/ər⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩⁵/

/ɛɻ⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/jiː²² sɐp̚²/

/zi³² sɔk̚²²/

/ᵑɡei³² sip̚³²/

/ŋi⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/

/ŋi⁵³ səp̚⁵/

/əɻ⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³¹⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/

/d͡zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/ɲi²² səp̚²²/

/ɦəl²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/ɦəl²³ səʔ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/n̠ʲi²³ səʔ¹¹/

/əl⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɚ²¹³ sz̩²¹/

/ər⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩⁵/

/ɛɻ⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/jiː²² sɐp̚²/

/zi³² sɔk̚²²/

/ᵑɡei³² sip̚³²/

/ŋi⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/

/ŋi⁵³ səp̚⁵/

/əɻ⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³¹⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/

/d͡zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/ɲi²² səp̚²²/

/ɦəl²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/ɦəl²³ səʔ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/n̠ʲi²³ səʔ¹¹/

/əl⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

(～村) Ershi (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


香港

Sino-Xenic (香港):
* → Korean: 향항(香港) (Hyanghang)
* → Vietnamese: Hương Cảng (香港)

→ English: Hong Kong, Xianggang

→ Japanese: 香港(ホンコン) (Honkon)

→ Korean: 홍콩 (Hongkong)

→ Russian: Гонко́нг (Gonkóng)

→ French: Hong Kong, Hongkong

→ Japanese: シャンガン (Shangan)

→ Lao: ຮົງກົງ (hong kong)

→ Mongolian: Хонконг (Xonkong) (Mongolia)

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠩ (siyangɣang) (China)

→ Russian: Сянга́н (Sjangán)

→ Thai: ฮ่องกง (hɔ̂ng-gong)

→ Tibetan: ཞང་ཀང (zhang kang)

→ Uyghur: شياڭگاڭ (shyanggang)

→ Vietnamese: Hồng Công, Hồng Kông

→ Zhuang: Yanghgangj

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/høŋ²¹³ kɔŋ³⁵/

/hiaŋ³³ kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɔŋ³¹/

/xiɔŋ⁵⁴ kɔŋ²¹/

/hyoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ³³/

/hyɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁵³/

/hyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kaŋ³³²/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴²/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/hiɔŋ³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴²/

/hiaŋ³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/hiaŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ⁵²/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/høŋ²¹³ kɔŋ³⁵/

/hiaŋ³³ kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɔŋ³¹/

/xiɔŋ⁵⁴ kɔŋ²¹/

/hyoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ³³/

/hyɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁵³/

/hyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kaŋ³³²/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴²/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/hiɔŋ³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴²/

/hiaŋ³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/hiaŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ⁵²/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

Ap Lei Chau
Gazetteer of Xin'an County
Treaty of Nanking
Wong Chuk Hang

The name 香港 first appeared on a map in 粵大記 [1595] as a label for an island that seems to be Ap Lei Chau. In the two Gazetteer of Xin'an County (新安縣志) published in 1688 and 1819, 香港 was the name of a village (as 香港村). The village was likely located in Wong Chuk Hang in the south of Hong Kong Island as indicated by 19th-century maps.
18th-century western maps appear to render the name of Hong Kong Island as Fan Chin Chow (or its variants), which appears to be a Hakka romanization of 飯甑洲 (Kwok and Cheung, 2007). In the Treaty of Nanking signed in 1842, the name 香港 referred to the entire Hong Kong Island.

～特別行政區 香港特別行政區#Chinese

(～特別行政區) Hong Kong (a city and special administrative region in southeastern China)

My brother Hong Kong (Island) is expressing his pain,
oh mother, do you remember your daughter Kowloon?

Wǒ de bāoxiōng Xiānggǎng zài sù tā de kǔtòng,
Mǔqīn ya, kě jìdé nǐ de yòunǚ Jiǔlóng?

我的胞兄香港在訴他的苦痛，
母親呀，可記得你的幼女九龍？

我的胞兄香港在诉他的苦痛，
母亲呀，可记得你的幼女九龙？

Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island#English

(～島) Hong Kong, Hong Kong Island (an island of Hong Kong, China)

(～村) (historical) Hong Kong (a former village on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China)


水瓶座

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/


土地

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/hu⁵⁵ ei³²⁻³²⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/hu⁵⁵ ei³²⁻³²⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

Alternative name for 土地公 (Tǔdìgōng, “Tudigong”).


移動

Sino-Xenic (移動):
* → Japanese: 移(い)動(どう) (idō)
* → Korean: 이동(移動) (idong)
* → Vietnamese: di động (移動)

/jiː²¹ tʊŋ²²/

/i¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ie⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/i¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹¹/

/i²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²¹/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/i²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/

/i¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹² tɔŋ²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ tʊŋ²²/

/i¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ie⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/i¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹¹/

/i²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²¹/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/i²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/

/i¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹² tɔŋ²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

(Mainland China) short for 中國移動／中国移动 (Zhōngguó Yídòng, “China Mobile”)


尚書

Sino-Xenic (尚書):
* → Japanese: 尚(しょう)書(しょ) (Shōsho)
* → Korean: 상서(尙書) (Sangseo)

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² syː⁵⁵/

/siũ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/siũ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² syː⁵⁵/

/siũ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/siũ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

Originally, the person in this position was a lowly clerk, responsible for drafting and editing imperial decrees on behalf of the emperor. Later on, the person in this position became more like a chief of staff who handled all aspects of governance on behalf of the emperor.

Classic of History (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)


姐姐

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiə⁵¹ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

dze²⁻⁴ dze²⁻¹

dze²⁻¹ dze²⁻¹

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɑ⁵² t͡siɑ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠³/

/t͡si̯ɔ⁴² t͡si̯ɔ³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³³ t͡ɕi̯ä³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiə⁵¹ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/t͡siɑ⁵² t͡siɑ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠³/

/t͡si̯ɔ⁴² t͡si̯ɔ³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³³ t͡ɕi̯ä³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) Regina Ip


雨水

Sino-Xenic (雨水):
* → Japanese: 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui)
* → Korean: 우수(雨水) (usu)
* → Vietnamese: Vũ thủy (雨水)

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ˈy²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/ʒi²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/hɔ²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔ³³⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sui²¹/

/ɦy²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/y⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ˈy²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/ʒi²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/hɔ²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔ³³⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sui²¹/

/ɦy²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/y⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/y⁵³⁻¹¹ suei⁵³/

/u⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sui⁴¹/

/u⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/u⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sui⁵³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sui⁵³/

/u⁵²⁻³⁵ sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ˈy²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/ʒi²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/y⁵³⁻¹¹ suei⁵³/

/u⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sui⁴¹/

/u⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/u⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sui⁵³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sui⁵³/

/u⁵²⁻³⁵ sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɦy²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/y⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

The "Rain Water", the second of the twenty-four solar terms, around February 18th, 19th, or 20th, after which there should be no more snow, but rain showers are expected.

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


桂花

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ faː⁵⁵/

/kie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ faː⁵⁵/

/kie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³³/

Adaptation of 桂 (guì) to distinguish the osmanthus from the 肉桂 (ròuguì, “cassia; Chinese cinnamon”).

(～村) Guihua (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


高梁

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ko³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ko³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

(～市) Takahashi (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


管子

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


新加坡

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pʰɔː⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ po³³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ kia³³⁻²³ po³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ka³³ pʰu²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pʰɔː⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ po³³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ kia³³⁻²³ po³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ka³³ pʰu²¹/

Borrowed from English Singapore, from Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”).
Shanghainese sense from 莘嘉浦 via phono-semantic matching.

compound

Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.

Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn.

新加坡在1969年廢除了陪審團制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官審判。

新加坡在1969年废除了陪审团制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官审判。

Chén chū sān kè dǐ Xīgòng, yóu Xīnjiāpō zhì cǐ èr qiān sì bǎi èrshíyī lǐ.

辰初三刻抵西貢，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里。

辰初三刻抵西贡，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里。

新加坡共和國 新加坡共和國#Chinese

新加坡共和国 新加坡共和国#Chinese

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965); official name: 新加坡共和國 /新加坡共和国)

(Shanghainese, slang) Xinzhuang, Jiading and Pudong collectively; three areas in Shanghai surrounding Puxi


索尼

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/sɔːk̚³ nei̯²¹/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/sɔːk̚³ nei̯²¹/

Sony, a Japanese company known for consumer electronics


索尼

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/sɔːk̚³ nei̯²¹/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/sɔːk̚³ nei̯²¹/


維基詞典

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ ㄘˊ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ ㄘˊ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

Вэйцзи Цыдянь

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹ tiːn³⁵/

/vi²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴ zz̩²² ti⁴⁴/

/vi²² t͡ɕi⁵⁵ zz̩³³ ti²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹ tiːn³⁵/

/vi²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴ zz̩²² ti⁴⁴/

/vi²² t͡ɕi⁵⁵ zz̩³³ ti²¹/


地球

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (地球):
* → Japanese: 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū)
* → Korean: 지구(地球) (Jigu)
* → Vietnamese: Địa Cầu (地球)

→ Vietnamese: Trái Đất (calque)

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/

/di²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/

/di²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

地球自轉

地球自转

地球繞太陽公轉。

地球绕太阳公转。


救世主

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³³ sɐi̯³³ t͡syː³⁵/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³³ sɐi̯³³ t͡syː³⁵/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/


三角

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã³³⁻²³ kak̚²/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã³³⁻²³ kak̚²/

(～鎮) Sanjiao (a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China)


/kʰeɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹/

/kʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤɻ⁵¹/

/kʰeɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹/

/kʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤɻ⁵¹/

喬戈里峰 喬戈里峰#Chinese

(chiefly Taiwan) K2; Alternative name for 喬戈里峰 (Qiáogēlǐ Fēng).


一二八事變

ㄧ ㄦˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

ㄧ ㄦˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

Иэрба Шибянь

/i⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ jiː²² paːt̚³ siː²² piːn³³/

/i⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ jiː²² paːt̚³ siː²² piːn³³/


九一八事變

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄧ ㄅㄚ ㄕˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄧ ㄅㄚ ㄕˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

Цзюиба Шибянь

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ paːt̚³ siː²² piːn³³/

/kɐu̯³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ paːt̚³ siː²² piːn³³/


十字軍東征

ㄕˊ ㄗˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓㄥ

ㄕˊ ㄗˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓㄥ

Шицзыцзюнь Дунчжэн

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² t͡siː²² kʷɐn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² t͡siː²² kʷɐn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/


幸福

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/

/hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/

/heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/

/ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/

/hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/

/heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/

/ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


漢堡

/xän⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ pou̯³⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ po⁵³/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ po⁵⁵⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ po⁵³/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ po⁵³/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ pɤ⁴¹/

/xän⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ pou̯³⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ po⁵³/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ po⁵⁵⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ po⁵³/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ po⁵³/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ pɤ⁴¹/

From English Hamburg or German Hamburg where 堡 is a phono-semantic matching of German -burg (“fortress”). The noun sense is normally explained as short for 漢堡包／汉堡包 (hànbǎobāo, “Hamburg bun”).

zh-etym-short

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


肯德基

→ Mongolian: ᠺᠧᠨ
ᠳᠧ
ᠵᠢᠢ (kēn dē ǰii)

→ Tibetan: ཁེན་ཐུ་ཁེ (khen thu khe)

→ Uyghur: كېنتاكىي (këntakiy)

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰeŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tek̚²⁻⁴ ki³³/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰeŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tek̚²⁻⁴ ki³³/

At Kentucky Fried Chicken, I have always ordered two spicy hamburgers and one large coke.

Zài Kěndéjī, wǒ cónglái dōu shì liǎng ge là hànbǎo, yī bēi dàkě.

在肯德基，我從來都是兩個辣漢堡、一杯大可。

在肯德基，我从来都是两个辣汉堡、一杯大可。

Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) (fast food restaurant chain)

(～州) Kentucky (a state of the United States)


大阪

/tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² pan⁵⁵⁴/

/tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² pan⁵⁵⁴/

(～市) Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

(～府) Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshu, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 大阪・大坂, Ōsaka; or of 大阪・大坂, Ōzaka


大英百科全書

ㄉㄚˋ ㄧㄥ ㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄨ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄧㄥ ㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄨ

Даин Байкэ Цюаньшу

/tä⁵¹ iŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jɪŋ⁵⁵ paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ syː⁵⁵/


愛爾蘭海

ㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ

Айэрлань хай

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


蘭亭序

ㄌㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄩˋ

ㄌㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄩˋ

/län³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/län³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion, by Wang Xizhi (王羲之), an influential piece of Chinese calligraphy


小S

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

Dee Hsu (a Taiwanese singer and actress)


大S

/tä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

/tä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

Barbie Hsu (a Taiwanese singer and actress)


永和

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ wɔː²¹/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho¹³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ²³/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ wɔː²¹/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho¹³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ²³/

(～區, formerly ～鎮, ～市) Yonghe (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～縣) Yonghe (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)


暮春

/mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(literary) "The End of Spring", a name for the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar.


會稽

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰe³³/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʰuːi̯³⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰe³³/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰe⁴⁴/

(～山) (historical) Mount Kuaiji, the historical name of Mount Xianglu, a peak south of Hangzhou Bay legendarily connected to Yu the Great

(～山) the Kuaiji Mountains, a short range of mountains in Zhejiang south of Hangzhou Bay

We all gathered at the orchid pavilion in Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, […]

353 CE, Wang Xizhi, Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion

會于會稽山陰之蘭亭

会于会稽山阴之兰亭

(～郡) (historical) Kuaiji Commandery, a former commandery of China around the mountain

(～縣) (historical) Kuaiji County, a former county of China around Shaoxing

(historical) Kuaiji, the name borne by Suzhou during the Qin and Han dynasties and by Shaoxing during subsequent dynasties, owing to their position as headquarters of the commandery


山陰

/ʂän⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

會于會稽山陰之蘭亭

会于会稽山阴之兰亭

(～縣) (historical) Shanyin County (ancient county in modern-day Shaoxing)

(～縣) Shanyin (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China)


灰姑娘

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/fuːi̯⁵⁵ kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/he⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/fuːi̯⁵⁵ kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/he⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

灰姑娘是真有名的囡仔古。


大學

/tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ta²¹³ ɕyo²¹/

/ta⁴⁴ ɕyə²⁴/

/taːi̯²² hɔːk̚²/

/ai³² hɔk̚³²/

/ai³² hɔk̚³²⁻³²⁵/

/ˈtʰai¹¹ hɔʔ²/

/tʰaɪ⁵³ hɔk̚⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/tai²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ ɤʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² oʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ oʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ oʔ⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ oʔ⁴³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ oʔ¹²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hak̚¹²¹/

/da²² ɦoʔ⁴⁴/

/dɑ²² ɦoʔ³³/

/ta̠⁴⁵ ɕi̯o²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ta²¹³ ɕyo²¹/

/ta⁴⁴ ɕyə²⁴/

/taːi̯²² hɔːk̚²/

/ai³² hɔk̚³²/

/ai³² hɔk̚³²⁻³²⁵/

/ˈtʰai¹¹ hɔʔ²/

/tʰaɪ⁵³ hɔk̚⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/tai²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ ɤʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² oʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ oʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ oʔ⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ oʔ⁴³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ oʔ¹²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hak̚¹²¹/

/da²² ɦoʔ⁴⁴/

/dɑ²² ɦoʔ³³/

/ta̠⁴⁵ ɕi̯o²⁴/

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

the Great Learning (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)


大陸

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大陸):
* → Japanese: 大陸(たいりく) (tairiku)
* → Korean: 대륙(大陸) (daeryuk)
* → Vietnamese: đại lục (大陸)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² lʊk̚²/

/ai³² lɵk̚³²/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃yʔ⁵/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɔk̚²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɔk̚¹²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² lʊk̚²/

/ai³² lɵk̚³²/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃yʔ⁵/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɔk̚²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɔk̚¹²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɔk̚⁴/

After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.

"499. 共襄盛舉." 500 Common Chinese Idioms: An annotated Frequency Dictionary. Liwei Jiao, Cornelius C. Kubler, and Weiguo Zhang. 2011.

Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì.

發生了大地震，大陸及港、澳、台三地藝人為了救災共襄盛舉，舉辦了多場演唱會。

发生了大地震，大陆及港、澳、台三地艺人为了救灾共襄盛举，举办了多场演唱会。

And now
Homesick is a shallow strait
I am here
And Mainland is there

ér xiànzài
Xiāngchóu shì yī wān qiǎn qiǎn de hǎixiá
Wǒ zài zhè tóu
Dàlù zài nà tóu

而現在
鄉愁是一灣淺淺的海峽
我在這頭
大陸在那頭

而现在
乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡
我在这头
大陆在那头


阿山

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Shortened from 阿爾泰山／阿尔泰山 (Ā'ěrtài Shān).

zh-l

阿爾泰山／阿尔泰山 (Ā'ěrtài Shān)

(historical) (～道, ～行政區, ～專區) Ashan, Xinjiang, China (now Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


清流

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ liu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liu¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ liu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liu¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²³/

(～縣) Qingliu (a county of Sanming, Fujian, China)


阿姨

/aː³³ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ i¹¹/

/a⁵³³⁻¹¹ i¹³/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ i⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ i¹¹/

/a⁵³³⁻¹¹ i¹³/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ i⁵⁵/

劉仲敬 w:zh:劉仲敬

(Internet slang) Liu Zhongjing (劉仲敬), Chinese political philosopher


美國英語

ㄇㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄥ ㄩˇ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄥ ㄩˇ

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ iŋ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³ jɪŋ⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ³³ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁵³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ iŋ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³ jɪŋ⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ³³ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁵³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

美國／美国 (Měiguó, “United States”) + 英語／英语 (Yīngyǔ, “English language”)


和平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (和平):
* → Japanese: 和(わ)平(へい) (wahei)
* → Korean: 화평(和平) (hwapyeong)
* → Vietnamese: hoà bình (和平)

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/

/huo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/

/huo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Heping (a mountain indigenous district of Taichung, Taiwan)

(～區) Heping (a district of Tianjin, China)

Heping District
w:Heping District, Shenyang

(～區) Heping District (a district of Shenyang, Liaoning, China)

(～街道) Heping (a subdistrict of Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～縣) Heping County (a county of Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Heping Town (several towns in China)

(～鎮) Heping (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China), originally named 蚝坪 (o5 pian5)

(～市) Hoà Bình (the capital of Hoà Bình Province, Vietnam)

(historical) several era names in Chinese history (150; 354–355; 460–465; 551–554)


孟子

Sino-Xenic (孟子):
* → Japanese: 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi)
* → Korean: 맹자(孟子) (Maengja)
* → Vietnamese: Mạnh Tử (孟子)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi)

Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi), Мэнз (Menz)

→ English: Mengzi

→ Latin: Mencius

→ English: Mencius

→ Chinese: 門修斯 (Ménxiūsī)

→ Manchu: ᠮᡝᠩᡯ (mengdz)

→ Tibetan: མེང་ཙི (meng tsi)

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.

Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

我欲中國而授孟子室。

我欲中国而授孟子室。

Mencius (a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal thinkers of Confucianism)

Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)


吉林

Sino-Xenic (吉林):
* → Japanese: 吉林(きつりん) (Kitsurin)
* → Korean: 길림(吉林) (Gillim)
* → Vietnamese: Cát Lâm (吉林)

→ English: Chi-lin, Jilin, Ji Lin

→ Georgian: ძილინი (ʒilini)

/kɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/kiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/kiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ liŋ¹³/

/kiʔ²⁻⁴ liŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lim²³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ lin⁴⁴/

/kɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/kiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/kiʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ liŋ¹³/

/kiʔ²⁻⁴ liŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lim²³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ lin⁴⁴/

Shortened from 吉林烏拉／吉林乌拉, which was borrowed from Manchu ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (girin ula).

(～市) Jilin, Jilin City (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)


神曲

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn²¹ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻²² kʰak̚⁵/

/sin¹³⁻²² kʰak̚³²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² kʰak̚³²/

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn²¹ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻²² kʰak̚⁵/

/sin¹³⁻²² kʰak̚³²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² kʰak̚³²/

the Divine Comedy (long narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed 1320)


神道

/ʂən³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin²⁴⁻²² to²²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² to⁴¹/

/sin¹³⁻²² to²²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ to³³/

/sin²³⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/zən²² dɔ⁴⁴/

/ʂən³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin²⁴⁻²² to²²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² to⁴¹/

/sin¹³⁻²² to²²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ to³³/

/sin²³⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/zən²² dɔ⁴⁴/


文言

/wən³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/vəŋ²⁴ iæ̃⁵¹/

/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/vən²² ɦe⁴⁴/

/wən³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/vəŋ²⁴ iæ̃⁵¹/

/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/vən²² ɦe⁴⁴/

name of a section in the Ten Wings, attributed to Confucius (commentaries to the first and second trigrams, i.e. qian and kun, in the Book of Changes)


日向

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² hœːŋ³³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² hœːŋ³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日向.

(～市) Hyūga (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


太上感應篇

ㄊㄞˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄆㄧㄢ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄆㄧㄢ

Тайшан Ганьин Пянь

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sœːŋ²² kɐm³⁵ jɪŋ³³ pʰiːn⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sœːŋ²² kɐm³⁵ jɪŋ³³ pʰiːn⁵⁵/

Chapters on Action and Response According to the Most High (a famous Daoist text written in the Song Dynasty)


巴哈

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ha⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ha⁴⁴/

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the German surname Bach (in particular Johann Sebastian Bach)


巴赫

/paː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

Bach A transliteration of the German surname Bach (in particular Johann Sebastian Bach)


巴特農

/pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/


平和

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wɔː²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ fo¹¹/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hua⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wɔː²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ fo¹¹/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hua⁵⁵/

(～县) Pinghe (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～村) Pinghe (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


大正

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(literary) Alternative name for 太白星 (Tàibáixīng, “Venus”).


自衛隊

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² wɐi̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ue²²⁻²¹ tui²²/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ue²²⁻²¹ tui²²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ue³³⁻¹¹ tui³³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ue³³⁻²¹ tui³³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² wɐi̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ue²²⁻²¹ tui²²/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ue²²⁻²¹ tui²²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ue³³⁻¹¹ tui³³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ue³³⁻²¹ tui³³/


琵琶湖

/pʰi³⁵ pʰä³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹ wuː²¹/

/pʰi³⁵ pʰä³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹ wuː²¹/


交趾

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

Traditionally said to have been a placename from the time of the sage-king Yao. In fact, an early form of the name Giao Chỉ seems to have been used by the native states for the area around the Red River delta prior to the Chinese conquest.
The Book of Rites noted that the southern barbarians (Man) had crossed toes (交趾).
:
Ferlus (2009) hypothesizes that the first syllable, 交 (OC *kreːw), originated from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general term for ethnic groups in southwestern China”).

zh-l

Those on the south were called Man. They tattooed their foreheads, and had their feet turned in towards each other. Some of them (also) ate their food without its being cooked.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Nánfāng yuē mán, diāotí jiāozhǐ, yǒu bù huǒshí zhě yǐ.

南方曰蠻，雕題交趾，有不火食者矣。

南方曰蛮，雕题交趾，有不火食者矣。

(～郡) (historical) Jiaozhi (the ancient Chinese commandery in northern Vietnam first established under the Han dynasty)

Chén wén xīzhě Yáo yǒu tiānxià, fàn yú tǔguǐ, yǐn yú tǔxíng, qí dì nán zhì Jiāozhǐ, běi zhì Yōudōu, dōngxī zhì rìyuè zhī suǒ chūrù zhě, mò bù bīnfú.

臣聞昔者堯有天下，飯於土簋，飲於土鉶，其地南至交趾，北至幽都，東西至日月之所出入者，莫不賓服。

臣闻昔者尧有天下，饭于土簋，饮于土铏，其地南至交趾，北至幽都，东西至日月之所出入者，莫不宾服。

(historical) Jiaozhi (a generic term for the lands south of the Five Ridges (Dayu, Qitian, Dupang, Mengzhu, and Yuecheng) in Liangguang, essentially comprising North Vietnam)


中華民國

ja-r

^ちゅう%か ^みん%こく

CJKV/code

^ちゅう%か ^みん%こく

Sino-Xenic (中華民國):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)華(か)民(みん)国(こく) (Chūka Minkoku)
* → Korean: 중화민국(中華民國) (junghwamin'guk)
* → Vietnamese: Trung Hoa Dân Quốc (中華民國)

CJKV

^ちゅう%か ^みん%こく

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Чжунхуа Миньго

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ min³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹ mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡suŋ¹¹ xua¹¹ miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³ miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

doeng¹ hua² ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng⁵ hua² ming⁴ gorh⁶]

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hua¹³ miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/

doeng¹ hua² ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng⁵ ngua² ming⁴ ngorh⁶]

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua¹³ miŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

dyoeng¹ hua² ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ hua² ming⁴ gorh⁶]

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hua²⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/

dyoeng¹ hua² ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ ngua² ming⁴ ngorh⁶]

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua²⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³ bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³ bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ³³ hua²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴ bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦo³³ min²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ɸa̠¹³ min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

/t͡sən³³ ɸa̠¹³ min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ min³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹ mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡suŋ¹¹ xua¹¹ miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³ miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hua¹³ miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hua²⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³ bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³ bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ³³ hua²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴ bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦo³³ min²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ɸa̠¹³ min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

/t͡sən³³ ɸa̠¹³ min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

Blend of 中華 /中华 (Zhōnghuá, “China; Chinese”) + 民 (mín, “people; citizens”) + 國 /国 (guó, “Country”) by Sun Yat-sen. In 1916, he explained the reason for his creation

blend

Do you know the meaning of Chunghwa Minkuo? Why don't we call it Chunghwa Konghekuo (中華共和國) but rather Chunghwa Minkuo (中華民國)? The meaning of the Chinese character "Min"(民) is the result of my decade-long research. Republics in Europe and the Americas were founded before this state. With our state founded in the 20th century, we shall have the spirit of innovation but not be satisfied with mimicking those founded in the 18th and 19th centuries.

1916, 中華民國之意義 (The meaning of the Republic of China), 國父全集第三冊 (The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, volume three), p163.

Zhūjūn zhī zhōnghuámínguó zhī yìyì hū? Héyǐ bù yuē zhōnghuá gònghéguó, ér bì yuē zhōnghuámínguó? Cǐ mín zì zhī yìyì, wèi pú yánjiū shí yú nián ér dézhī zhě. Ōuměi zhī gònghéguó chuàngjiàn yuǎn zài wú guó zhīqián, èrshí shìjì zhī guómín, dāng hányǒu chuàngzhì zhī jīngshén, bùdāng zì wèi néng xiàofǎ yú shíbā, jiǔ shìjì chéngfǎ ér yǐn yǐwèi zìzú.

諸君知中華民國之意義乎？何以不曰中華共和國，而必曰中華民國？此民字之意義，為僕研究十餘年而得之者。歐美之共和國創建遠在吾國之前，二十世紀之國民，當含有創制之精神，不當自謂能效法於十八、九世紀成法而引以為自足。

诸君知中华民国之意义乎？何以不曰中华共和国，而必曰中华民国？此民字之意义，为仆研究十余年而得之者。欧美之共和国创建远在吾国之前，二十世纪之国民，当含有创制之精神，不当自谓能效法于十八、九世纪成法而引以为自足。

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (official name of Taiwan: a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


高興

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kɔ²⁴ ɕiŋ⁴⁴/

/kou̯⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ him⁵⁵/

/kau¹¹ ɕiŋ⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ hiɪŋ⁴¹/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ¹¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ¹¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²¹/

/kau³³⁻²³ heŋ²¹³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kɔ²⁴ ɕiŋ⁴⁴/

/kou̯⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ him⁵⁵/

/kau¹¹ ɕiŋ⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ hiɪŋ⁴¹/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ¹¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ¹¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²¹/

/kau³³⁻²³ heŋ²¹³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

Goheung (a county of South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


世界主義

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ kaːi̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ kaːi̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


世界主義

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ kaːi̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ kaːi̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

Possible orthographic borrowing from Japanese 世界主義(せかいしゅぎ) (sekai shugi)

universal jurisdiction
universal jurisdiction

(Taiwan, criminal law) universal jurisdiction


獅子

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sz̩²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sz̩²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(astrology, astronomy) short for 獅子座／狮子座 (Shīzizuò, “Leo”)

(～鄉) Shizi (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


倫敦

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (倫敦):
* → Vietnamese: Luân Đôn (倫敦)

/lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/lɵn²¹ tɵn⁵⁵/

/l̃uŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nuŋ⁵⁵/

/luŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tuŋ³³/

/lən²² tən⁴⁴/

/lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/lɵn²¹ tɵn⁵⁵/

/l̃uŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nuŋ⁵⁵/

/luŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tuŋ³³/

/lən²² tən⁴⁴/

英國倫敦大學地質學博士

英国伦敦大学地质学博士

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 7, page 38:

Hū Lúndūn dàhuǒ, fén gōngshì mínjū dàijìn, yǐ'ér wēnyì shèngxíng, sǐzhě xiàng zhěnjiè, guóshì dùn shuāi.

忽倫敦大火，焚宮室民居殆盡，已而瘟疫盛行，死者相枕藉，國勢頓衰。

忽伦敦大火，焚宫室民居殆尽，已而瘟疫盛行，死者相枕藉，国势顿衰。

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)

A transliteration of the English surname London


亞洲

ja-r

亜州(あしゅう) (ashū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (亞洲):
* → Japanese: 亜州(あしゅう) (ashū)
* → Korean: 아주(亞洲) (aju)
* → Vietnamese: Á châu (亞洲)

→ Vietnamese: châu Á (calque)

/jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈŋa²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sɨu⁴²/

/a²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/a⁵³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/ia⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈŋa²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sɨu⁴²/

/a²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/a⁵³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/ia⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)


歐洲

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/au³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/ɤ⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/au⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/au³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/ɤ⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

From 歐／欧 (Ōu, abbreviation of 歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā)) + 洲 (zhōu, “continent”).

zh-l

歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā)

zh-m

abbreviation of 歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (<i>Ōuluóbā</i>)

歐洲一體化

欧洲一体化

歐洲發端

欧洲发端

難民逃往歐洲的路線

难民逃往欧洲的路线

Europe (a continent located west of Asia and north of Africa)


非洲

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/fi²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/fi⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/fi²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/fi⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

I visited some families in Africa last year.

Shàngnián wǒ tànwàng le yīxiē Fēizhōu jiātíng.

上年我探望了一些非洲家庭。

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)


美國

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (美國):
* → Korean: 미국(美國) (miguk)
* → Vietnamese: Mĩ Quốc (美國)

→ Zhuang: Meijgoz

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ᵐbei²¹ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/mi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/mi³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/pi⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒʔ²¹/

/pi³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒʔ²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/me⁵² kuəʔ³³/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ᵐbei²¹ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/mi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/

/mi³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/pi⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒʔ²¹/

/pi³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒʔ²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/me⁵² kuəʔ³³/

Attested as early as 1854, possibly as an abbreviation of 亞美理駕洲大合眾國／亚美理驾洲大合众国 (“United States of America”), attested in the Treaty of Wanghia [1844]. 美 (měi) also means "beautiful", which inspires false etymology.

zh-l

美國權利法案

美国权利法案

I was rejected when I applied for a tourist visa for the United States for the first time.

Wǒ dì yī cì shēnqǐng Měiguó lǚyóu qiānzhèng bèi jùqiān le.

我第一次申請美國旅遊簽證被拒簽了。

我第一次申请美国旅游签证被拒签了。

The United States saw an explosive development in artificial intelligence during the 1960s.

Zài èrshí shìjì liùshí niándài, Měiguó réngōng zhìnéng chūxiàn le bàofāxìng de fāzhǎn.

在20世紀60年代，美國人工智能出現了爆發性的發展。

在20世纪60年代，美国人工智能出现了爆发性的发展。

1864, Henry Wheaton, translated by William Alexander Parsons Martin, 萬國公法, volume 1, 京都崇實館, page 21:

Měiguó jué Yīng zìlì zhī shí, Fǎguó rèn zhī, bìng àn zhù zhī, cǐ Yīngguó yǐwéi bùgōng yú jǐ.

美國絕英自立之時，法國認之，并暗助之，此英國以為不公於己。

美国绝英自立之时，法国认之，并暗助之，此英国以为不公于己。

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 4, page 21:

Yútián duō wèi Lúndūn shēnfù zhī chǎnyè, tǔrén bùguò wéi qí diànhù, gèng duō pínkǔ. Qí liúxǐ zhì Měiguó zhī Jiùjīnshān děng chù zhě, yuē “Āilìshì rén”, xìng xǐ shēngshì, jí jì huámín zhī duó qí yōnggōng zhě yě.

腴田多為倫敦紳富之產業，土人不過為其佃戶，更多貧苦。其流徙至美國之舊金山等處者，曰「埃利士人」，性喜生事，即忌華民之奪其傭工者也。

腴田多为伦敦绅富之产业，土人不过为其佃户，更多贫苦。其流徙至美国之旧金山等处者，曰「埃利士人」，性喜生事，即忌华民之夺其佣工者也。

United States, America (a country in North America)


阿爾巴尼亞

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ paː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ paː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English Albania. Attested since at least 1902.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

阿爾巴尼亞語

Ā'ěrbāníyàyǔ

阿尔巴尼亚语

Ā'ěrbāníyàyǔ


如月

(archaic) The second month of the Chinese lunar calendar.


卯月

/mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

寅月

Month of the Year: 卯月 (Mǎoyuè); Previous


卯月

/mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 卯月, Uzuki


霜月

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/


安道爾

/ˀän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tou̯²² jiː¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² to²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³/

/an³³ tɔ²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² to²²⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/ø⁵⁵ dɔ³³ ɦəl²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tou̯²² jiː¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² to²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³/

/an³³ tɔ²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² to²²⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/ø⁵⁵ dɔ³³ ɦəl²¹/

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


亞美尼亞

ㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄇㄟˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

a³ méi⁵ néi⁴ a³

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/a³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ia⁵⁵ me³³ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/a³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ia⁵⁵ me³³ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


奧地利

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/o²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃ɛi²¹³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ te⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ te²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³⁻²¹ li³³/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ tue³³⁻¹¹ li³³/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ti¹¹ li³⁵/

/ɔ³³ di⁵⁵ li²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/o²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃ɛi²¹³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ te⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ te²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³⁻²¹ li³³/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ tue³³⁻¹¹ li³³/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ti¹¹ li³⁵/

/ɔ³³ di⁵⁵ li²¹/

From English Austria or German Österreich (“Austria”), perhaps influenced by the preexisting close-sounding word 地利 (dìlì, “geographical advantage”).

Rì'ěrmàn quánguó shí, yǐ Àodìlì wéi gòngzhǔ, zhū bù rú jīnèi zhī hóu. Dāng Chálǐ dì wǔ zhī dài xīng yě, lǔ Fó wáng, fú Luómǎ, jiān Hélán, shēnglíng hèzhuó, jī yú bà yǐ.

日耳曼全國時，以𡒃地利為共主，諸部如畿內之侯。當查理第五之代興也，擄佛王、服羅馬、兼荷蘭，聲靈赫濯，幾於霸矣。

日耳曼全国时，以奥地利为共主，诸部如畿内之侯。当查理第五之代兴也，掳佛王、服罗马、兼荷兰，声灵赫濯，几于霸矣。


白俄羅斯

ㄅㄞˊ ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/pʰak̚⁵ ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/pʰak̚⁵ ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/baʔ¹¹ ŋu²² lu²² sz̩²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/pʰak̚⁵ ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/pʰak̚⁵ ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/baʔ¹¹ ŋu²² lu²² sz̩²³/


比利時

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pi³¹ li⁵⁵ sɨ¹¹/

/pi²⁴⁻³³ li³³ ʃi⁵⁵/

/pi³¹ li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/pi³³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ si²⁴/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² si²⁴/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ si¹³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻²¹ si²³/

/pi⁵²⁻³⁵ li³⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pi³¹ li⁵⁵ sɨ¹¹/

/pi²⁴⁻³³ li³³ ʃi⁵⁵/

/pi³¹ li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/pi³³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ si²⁴/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² si²⁴/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ si¹³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻²¹ si²³/

/pi⁵²⁻³⁵ li³⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 6, page 52:

Jiāqìng shíjiǔ nián, Bǐlìshí fù yǔ Hélán hé. Xiānshì Hélán chóng yēsūjiào, yīncǐ yǔ Xībānyá gòubīng, shù shí nián zú huòshèng fùguó, ér Bǐlìshí pí jìn fólángxī, gù dú cóng Fó sú, shàng tiānzhǔjiào. Yòu sù lì Xībānyá, Àodìlì, jiē tiānzhǔjiào guó, jì yǔ Hélán hé, bùkěn cóng Hé sú, liǎng bù zhī mín bù xiàngnéng, shíshí gòuxìn.

嘉慶十九年，比利時復與荷蘭合。先是荷蘭崇耶穌教，因此與西班牙搆兵，數十年卒獲勝復國，而比利時毗近佛郎西，顧獨從佛俗，尚天主教。又夙隸西班牙、𡒃地利，皆天主教國，既與荷蘭合，不肯從荷俗，兩部之民不相能，時時搆釁。

嘉庆十九年，比利时复与荷兰合。先是荷兰崇耶稣教，因此与西班牙构兵，数十年卒获胜复国，而比利时毗近佛郎西，顾独从佛俗，尚天主教。又夙隶西班牙、奥地利，皆天主教国，既与荷兰合，不肯从荷俗，两部之民不相能，时时构衅。

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


北二高

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jiː²² kou̯⁵⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ zi³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ jiː²² kou̯⁵⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ zi³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

(Taiwan) the northern section of National Highway No. 3 (Taiwan)


保加利亞

ㄅㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/pɔ³³ ka⁵⁵ li³³ ia²¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/pɔ³³ ka⁵⁵ li³³ ia²¹/

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


克羅地亞

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ lɔː²¹ tei̯²² aː³³/

/kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lo¹³⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/kʰəʔ³³ lu⁵⁵ di³³ ia²¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ lɔː²¹ tei̯²² aː³³/

/kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lo¹³⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/kʰəʔ³³ lu⁵⁵ di³³ ia²¹/

Borrowed from Italian Croazia, via Mandarin.

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


捷克

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sieʔ⁵⁻²¹ kʰaiʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵/

/t͡siap̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ʑiɪʔ¹¹ kʰəʔ²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sieʔ⁵⁻²¹ kʰaiʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡siɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵/

/t͡siap̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ʑiɪʔ¹¹ kʰəʔ²³/

捷克共和国 捷克共和国#Chinese

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe; official name: 捷克共和国 (Jiékè Gònghéguó))


杏月

/ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²² jyːt̚²/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²² jyːt̚²/

正月

Month of the Year: 杏月 (Xìngyuè); Previous


桃月

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tɒu̯¹³ y̯e̞²⁴/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tɒu̯¹³ y̯e̞²⁴/

(archaic) The third month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

杏月

Month of the Year: 桃月 (Táoyuè); Previous


梅月

/meɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/me̞i̯¹³ y̯e̞²⁴/

/meɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/me̞i̯¹³ y̯e̞²⁴/

Refers to the rainy season 梅雨 (méiyǔ), which usually occurs during the fourth month.

(archaic) The fourth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

桃月

Month of the Year: 梅月 (Méiyuè); Previous


榴月

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

Refers to the blossoming of pomegranates during the fifth month.

(archaic) The fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

梅月

Month of the Year: 榴月 (Liúyuè); Previous


荷月

/hɔː²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔː²¹ jyːt̚²/

Refers to the blooming of lotuses during the sixth month.

(archaic) The sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar


蘭月

/län³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/län³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(archaic) The seventh month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

荷月

Month of the Year: 蘭月／兰月 (Lányuè); Previous


菊月

/t͡ɕy³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

(archaic) The ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.


桂月

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³³ jyːt̚²/

/ku̯e̞i̯⁴⁵ y̯ẽ¹³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³³ jyːt̚²/

/ku̯e̞i̯⁴⁵ y̯ẽ¹³/

From the blossoming of osmanthuses around this time of year.

(archaic) The eighth month of the Chinese lunar year.

蘭月

Month of the Year: 桂月 (Guìyuè); Previous


良月

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lœːŋ²¹ jyːt̚²/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lœːŋ²¹ jyːt̚²/

Round numbers were auspicious in ancient China, so the tenth month was thought to be good.

(archaic) The tenth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

菊月

Month of the Year: 良月 (Liángyuè); Previous


冬月

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/tʊŋ³³ y̯e̞²⁴/

/tən³³ y̯e̞²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/tʊŋ³³ y̯e̞²⁴/

/tən³³ y̯e̞²⁴/

(archaic) The eleventh month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

良月

Month of the Year: 冬月 (Dōngyuè); Previous


臘月

/lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡeʔ⁴/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡeʔ⁴/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡueʔ⁴/

/la(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/la(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡəʔ²⁴/

/lap̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡeʔ⁴/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡeʔ⁴/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡueʔ⁴/

/la(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/la(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡəʔ²⁴/

/lap̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

Refers to the ancient sacrificial ritual that occurred after the winter solstice called 臘祭／腊祭.

twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar

冬月

Month of the Year: 臘月／腊月 (Làyuè); Previous


史奴比

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

alternative form of 史努比 (Shǐnǔbǐ, “Snoopy”)


史努比

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


平安

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/pʰin¹¹ ɔn⁴⁴/

/piŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/piŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ aŋ³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/pʰin¹¹ ɔn⁴⁴/

/piŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/piŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ aŋ³³/

(～區) Ping'an District (a district of Qinghai, China)

(～鄉) Ping'an (a township in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～社區) Ping'an (a residential community in Dongsheng, Shishou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


萬維網

/wän⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² wɐi̯²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

/wän⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² wɐi̯²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

Phono-semantic matching of English World Wide Web, so that the resulting Mandarin pronunciation also has a similar phonological shape (w-w-w-).

psm

During the World Wide Web era after the Digital Revolution, we should work to create a new civilization that is more brilliant than the Song dynasty, when movable type printing was invented.

2003, 張信剛, 《從活字版到萬維網》, page 10

Wǒmen yìng zài Shùmǎ Gémìng zhīhòu de Wànwéiwǎng shídài nǔlì chuàngzào yī ge bǐ fāmíng huózì bǎn yìnshuā shí de Sòngcháo gèngjiā cuǐcàn de xīn wénmíng.

我們應在數碼革命之後的萬維網時代努力創造一個比發明活字版印刷時的宋朝更加璀璨的新文明。

2003, 張信剛, 《從活字版到萬維網》, page 10

我们应在数码革命之后的万维网时代努力创造一个比发明活字版印刷时的宋朝更加璀璨的新文明。


互聯網

→ Zhuang: hulenzvangj

ㄏㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˇ

ㄏㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˇ

/xu⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²² lyːn²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ maŋ³⁵/

/xu⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²² lyːn²¹ mɔːŋ¹³/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ maŋ³⁵/

互聯網企業

互联网企业

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, computing) Internet


上官

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kuːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kuːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kuan³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kuːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kuan³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/

Shangguan Wan'er (Tang Dynasty imperial consort and politician)

上官婉兒

上官婉儿


書經

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Book of Documents (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)


統一碼

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ maː¹³/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵ maː¹³/


貝貝

/peɪ̯⁵¹ b̥eɪ̯¹/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ b̥eɪ̯¹/

;"baby"
Phono-semantic match of English babe or baby. Influenced by 寶貝／宝贝 (bǎobèi, “baby, babe”).

a diminutive name of the sort used for pets


妹妹

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

/meɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/mei²¹³ mei²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

/muːi̯²²⁻²¹ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ moɪ⁵³/

/mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ mei̯³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/mei²¹³ mei²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻²¹ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ moɪ⁵³/

/mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ mei̯³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) Carrie Lam


網際網絡

ㄨㄤˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

ㄨㄤˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

Ванцзи Ванло

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ t͡sɐi̯³³ mɔːŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/mɔːŋ¹³ t͡sɐi̯³³ mɔːŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore) Internet


朝鮮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (朝鮮):
* → Japanese: 朝(ちょう)鮮(せん) (Chōsen)
* → Korean: 조선(朝鮮) (Joseon)
* → Vietnamese: Triều Tiên (朝鮮)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠴᠣᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ (Čoukiyan)

→ English: Ch'ao-hsien, Chaoxian

→ Manchu: ᠴᠣᠣᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ (Coohiyan)

→ Zhuang: Cauzsenh

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ²⁴ ɕiæ̃⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ si̯en²⁴/

/tieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/tieu¹³⁻¹¹ ɬɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/tieu²⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ³³²/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ²⁴ ɕiæ̃⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ si̯en²⁴/

/tieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/tieu¹³⁻¹¹ ɬɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/tieu²⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ³³²/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɛn⁵⁵⁴/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Juha Janhunen
Records of the Grand Historian
Zhanguo Ce

Attested in Classic of Mountains and Seas, Zhanguo Ce, Records of the Grand Historian, etc. Juha Janhunen tentatively suggests a connection to the ethnonyms Jurchen and Sushen. A common literal interpretation of this term is “morning (朝) calm (鮮)”, and thus Korea is also known as the “Land of the Morning Calm”.

2006, 朴英姬, “朝鲜义烈团的成立及抗日斗争”, in 历史档案, number 4, →ISSN, pages 96–99:

The nation-wide anti-Japanese patriotic March 1st Movement that erupted in Korea on 1 March, 1919 marked the arrival of this climax. However, the March 1st movement faced brutal suppression by Japanese imperialism and ultimately failed. The main reasons for its failure are…Secondly, Korean nationalists had the illusion of "pleading" for Korean independence from the United States and the Paris Peace Conference, rather than relying on armed resistance by the Korean people to achieve Korean independence. After the failure of the March 1st movement, patriotic Korean activists were unable to engage in domestic anti-Japanese struggles and consequently sought exile abroad.

1919 nián 3 yuè 1 rì zài Cháoxiǎn bàofā de quán mínzú xìng de fǎnrì àiguó yùndòng biāozhì zhe zhè yī gāocháo de dàolái. Rán'ér “sānyī” yùndòng zāodào le Rìběn dìguózhǔyì de xuèxīng zhènyā zuìzhōng shībài. Qí shībài de yuányīn zhǔyào yǒu...... Qí èr, Cháoxiǎn mínzúzhǔyì zhě huànxiǎng cóng Měiguó hé Bālí héhuì nàlǐ “qǐqiú” Cháoxiǎn dúlì, ér bù yīkào Cháoxiǎn rénmín yòng wǔlì shíxiàn Cháoxiǎn dúlì. “sānyī” yùndòng shībài hòu, Cháoxiǎn àiguó zhìshì wúfǎ zài guónèi zhǎnkāi fǎnrì dǒuzhēng, biàn fēnfēn liúwáng guówài.

1919年3月1日在朝鲜爆发的全民族性的反日爱国运动标志着这一高潮的到来。然而“三一”运动遭到了日本帝国主义的血腥镇压最终失败。其失败的原因主要有……其二，朝鲜民族主义者幻想从美国和巴黎和会那里“乞求”朝鲜独立，而不依靠朝鲜人民用武力实现朝鲜独立。“三一”运动失败后，朝鲜爱国志士无法在国内展开反日斗争，便纷纷流亡国外。

1919年3月1日在朝鮮爆發的全民族性的反日愛國運動標誌著這一高潮的到來。然而“三一”運動遭到了日本帝國主義的血腥鎮壓最終失敗。其失敗的原因主要有……其二，朝鮮民族主義者幻想從美國和巴黎和會那裡“乞求”朝鮮獨立，而不依靠朝鮮人民用武力實現朝鮮獨立。“三一”運動失敗後，朝鮮愛國志士無法在國內展開反日鬥爭，便紛紛流亡國外。

Korea (a geographic region consisting of two countries in East Asia, commonly known as South Korea and North Korea; formerly a single country)

(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)

(～王朝) (historical) Joseon (ancient Korean dynasty and state)

～民主主義人民共和國 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國#Chinese

(Mainland China) (～民主主義人民共和國) North Korea (a country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea)

Korean Peninsula
Korean Peninsula#English

(～半島) Korea (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea; in full, Korean Peninsula)


尼布楚條約

ㄋㄧˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄨˇ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄩㄝ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄨˇ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄩㄝ

Нибучу Тяоюэ

/ni³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ pou̯³³ t͡sʰɔː³⁵ tʰiːu̯²¹ jœːk̚³/

/ni³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

Treaty of Nerchinsk (a treaty signed between Russia and the Qing Government in 1689 which established trade relations between the two countries)


幼發拉底河

ㄧㄡˋ ㄈㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄧㄡˋ ㄈㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ

/joʊ̯⁵¹ fä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jɐu̯³³ faːt̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/joʊ̯⁵¹ fä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jɐu̯³³ faːt̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/


成功

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成功):
* → Japanese: 成功(せいこう) (seikō)
* → Korean: 성공(成功) (seonggong)
* → Vietnamese: thành công (成功)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɨn¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ʃin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/zən²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɨn¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ʃin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/zən²² koŋ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Chenggong (an urban township in Taitung County, Taiwan)

(～村) Chenggong (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


公子

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ³³ t͡si³/

/kən³³ t͡ɕi³/

/kʊŋ³³ t͡si³/

/kən³³ t͡ɕi³/


大夫

/taːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/taːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/taːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/


火箭

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡siːn³³/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sĩ⁴¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ¹¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ²¹/

/hue⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sĩ²¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ²¹/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ²¹/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡siːn³³/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sĩ⁴¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ¹¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ²¹/

/hue⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sĩ²¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ²¹/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sĩ²¹/

(Malaysia, colloquial) Democratic Action Party (from the rocket party symbol)


仲夏夜之夢

ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄧㄝˋ ㄓ ㄇㄥˋ

ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄧㄝˋ ㄓ ㄇㄥˋ

Чжунся Е Чжи Мэн

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

A Midsummer Night's Dream by Shakespeare


共同通訊社

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄕㄜˋ

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄕㄜˋ

Гунтун тунсюньшэ

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/


地藏菩薩

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/tei̯²² t͡sɔːŋ²² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/tei̯²² t͡sɔːŋ²² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/


地藏王菩薩

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄙㄚ

Дицзанван Пуса

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä³/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³⁻³³ pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/te³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä³/

地藏菩薩 地藏菩薩#Chinese

地藏菩萨 地藏菩萨#Chinese

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 地藏菩薩／地藏菩萨 (Dìzàng Púsà).


大統領

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大統領.

obor

2017 May 10, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan), 外交部祝賀大韓民國大統領選舉順利完成:

The 19th Presidential Election of the Republic of Korea was successfully held on 9 May 2017, and votes were counted on 10 May. Presidential candidate Moon Jae-in from the Democratic Party was elected.

Dàhánmínguó dì 19 rèn dàtǒnglǐng xuǎnjǔ yǐ yú běn (106) nián 5 yuè 9 rì shùnlì jǔxíng, bìng yú 5 yuè 10 rì wánchéng kāipiào, yóu gòngtóng mínzhǔ dǎng dàtǒnglǐng hòuxuǎnrén Wén Zàiyín xiānshēng dāngxuǎn.

大韓民國第19任大統領選舉已於本（106）年5月9日順利舉行，並於5月10日完成開票，由共同民主黨大統領候選人文在寅先生當選。

大韩民国第19任大统领选举已于本（106）年5月9日顺利举行，并于5月10日完成开票，由共同民主党大统领候选人文在寅先生当选。

(obsolete (but now having a revival as) slang) president of a country


西子

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/


西施

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/


西貢

Homophonic translation from Vietnamese Sài Gòn (柴棍), via Cantonese 西貢／西贡 (sai1 gung3).

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ koŋ²¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ koŋ²¹³/

Chén chū sān kè dǐ Xīgòng, yóu Xīnjiāpō zhì cǐ èr qiān sì bǎi èrshíyī lǐ, mǎtóu zài jiāng zhī xī'àn, shàngxià ruò fúqiáo. Kǎo Xīgòng wéi Yuènán guó jí nán hǎikǒu, shǔ Jiādìng shěng.

辰初三刻抵西貢，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里，碼頭在江之西岸，上下若浮橋。考西貢為越南國極南海口，屬嘉定省。

辰初三刻抵西贡，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里，码头在江之西岸，上下若浮桥。考西贡为越南国极南海口，属嘉定省。

(historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


西貢

First attested in the Map of the San On District [1866].

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ koŋ²¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ koŋ²¹³/

(～半島) Sai Kung (a peninsula in Hong Kong)


西雅圖

/ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³ tʰou̯²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³ tʰou̯²¹/

Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


君士坦丁堡

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄕˋ ㄊㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄅㄠˇ

Цзюньшитаньдинбао

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ siː²² tʰaːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ siː²² tʰaːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Constantinople.

psm

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)