國民黨

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵐbin²² ɔŋ⁵⁵/

gorh⁶ ming² dorng³ [Phonetic:gorh⁷ ming⁵ dorng³]

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ miŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ³³²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/kok̚²⁻⁴ miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵐbin²² ɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ miŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ³³²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/kok̚²⁻⁴ miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵²/


石板

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² paːn³⁵/

/t͡sieʔ⁴⁻² paŋ⁵²/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² paːn³⁵/

/t͡sieʔ⁴⁻² paŋ⁵²/

(～村) Shiban (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


石盤

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

(～村) Shipan (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～村) Shipan (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


蘇非

/su⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/su⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy, “a Muslim mystic or ascetic (literally "man of wool")”).


奧克蘭

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ou̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ou̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/


奧克蘭

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ou̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ou̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/

Oakland (a city in California, United States)


魚池

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/jyː²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ ti²³/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/jyː²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ ti²³/

(～鄉) Yuchih, Yuchi (a rural township in Nantou County, Taiwan)


東萊

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

(～郡) Donglai (a historical commandery of China; modern Longkou)

(～區) Dongnae (a district of the Metropolitan City of Busan, South Korea)


遼東

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾løyŋ⁵⁵/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/liau²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾løyŋ⁵⁵/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/liau²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

Zhanguo Ce, circa 5ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ centuries BCE

Yúshì, Qín dànù Yān, yì fābīng yì Zhào, zhào Wáng Jiǎn jūn yǐ fá Yān. Shíyuè ér bá Yān Jìchéng. Yān wáng Xǐ, tàizǐ Dān děng, jiē lǜ qí jīngbīng dōng bǎo yú Liáodōng.

於是，秦大怒燕，益發兵詣趙，詔王翦軍以伐燕。十月而拔燕薊城。燕王喜、太子丹等，皆率其精兵東保於遼東。

于是，秦大怒燕，益发兵诣赵，诏王翦军以伐燕。十月而拔燕蓟城。燕王喜、太子丹等，皆率其精兵东保于辽东。

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Wǎngshí Liáodōng yǒu shǐ, shēng zǐ báitóu, yì ér xiàn zhī, xíng zhì Hédōng, jiàn qún shǐ jiē bái, huái cán ér hái.

往時遼東有豕，生子白頭，異而獻之，行至河東，見群豕皆白，懷慙而還。

往时辽东有豕，生子白头，异而献之，行至河东，见群豕皆白，怀惭而还。

(historical) (～郡) Liaodong (an ancient commandery in present-day Liaoning, China)

(～省) Liaodong (a former province of China)


馬薩諸塞

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄓㄨ ㄙㄞˋ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄓㄨ ㄙㄞˋ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ saːt̚³ t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ saːt̚³ t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

(～州, ～聯邦) Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


廣州

ja-r

広(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廣州):
* → Japanese: 広(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)
* → Korean: 광주(廣州) (Gwangju)
* → Vietnamese: Quảng Châu (廣州)

desc

→ English: Guangzhou, Kwangchow, Kwang-chow

→ French: Guangzhou

→ German: Guangzhou

→ Hindi: ग्वांगझोउ (gvāṅgjhou)

→ Japanese: コワンチョウ (Kowanchō)

→ Korean: 광저우 (Gwangjeou)

→ Portuguese: Guangzhou

→ Russian: Гуанчжо́у (Guančžóu)

→ Swedish: Guangzhou

→ Thai: กว่างโจว

→ Thai: กว่างโจว

→ Uyghur: گۇاڭجۇ (guangju)

→ Zhuang: Gvangjcouh

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔŋ³⁵ t͡sau²¹³/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡siu³³/

/kŋ̍⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siu³³/

/kuɑ̃³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔŋ³⁵ t͡sau²¹³/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡siu³³/

/kŋ̍⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siu³³/

/kuɑ̃³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Originally the name of a prefecture, first established in 226 CE and re-established in 264 CE, that covered parts of present-day Guangdong and whose seat was originally located in Panyu.

(～市, formerly ～府, ～路) Guangzhou (a prefecture-level city, subprovincial city, and port, the provincial capital of Guangdong, China)

(historical) Guǎng Prefecture (various ancient prefectures of imperial China in present-day Guangdong and Guangxi autonomous region)

(～市) Gwangju (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


東莞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東莞):
* → Japanese: 東莞(とうかん) (Tōkan)
* → Vietnamese: Đông Hoản (東莞)

desc

→ English: Dongguan, Tungkuan, Tung-kuan, Tungkun, Tungkoon, Tung Koon

→ Zhuang: Dunghgvanj

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/tʊŋ²¹³ kun³⁵/

/ɵŋ³³ kᵘɔn⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ⁵²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/tʊŋ²¹³ kun³⁵/

/ɵŋ³³ kᵘɔn⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ⁵²/

(～市) Dongguan (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

(～郡) (historical) Dongguan Commandery (an ancient commandery in modern Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Dongguan (a town in Ju County, Rizhao, Shandong, China)


濟南

→ English: Chinan, Chi-nan, Jinan, Ji'nan, Tsinan

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ nam¹¹/

/t͡sɛ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/t͡se⁴⁵³⁻¹³ naŋ¹³/

/t͡se³³²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡se⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ nam¹¹/

/t͡sɛ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/t͡se⁴⁵³⁻¹³ naŋ¹³/

/t͡se³³²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡se⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

(～市) Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, China)

(～洞) Jenam (a dong in Tokchon, South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


天主教

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/tʰien⁵³ t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ kau¹¹/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³⁻⁵⁵ kɑu²¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴²⁻²⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ ka²¹³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ ka²¹³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩³³ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/tʰien⁵³ t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ kau¹¹/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³⁻⁵⁵ kɑu²¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴²⁻²⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ ka²¹³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ ka²¹³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩³³ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

From the fact the term “God” is translated as 天主 (Tiānzhǔ) in Catholic bibles (Studium Biblicum Version), contrary to 上帝 (Shàngdì) in Protestantism.

東儀天主教／东仪天主教

他改信天主教了。


天主

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (天主):
* → Japanese: 天主(てんしゅ) (tenshu)
* → Korean: 천주(天主) (cheonju)
* → Vietnamese: Thiên Chúa (天主)

desc

→ Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᡝᠵᡝᠨ (abkai ejen) (calque)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su³¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))ny⁴⁵³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ny³³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su³¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))ny⁴⁵³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ny³³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

;Lord of Heaven (in Chinese folk religion)
*
;God (in Christianity, chiefly Catholicism)

Of the Eight Spirits, the first was called the Lord of Heaven; sacrifices to him were offered at the Navel of Heaven, which is the name of a spring situated at the foot of a mountain in the southern suburbs of the city of Linzi

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE, translated based on Burton Watson's version

Bā shén: yī yuē tiānzhǔ, cí Tiānqí. Tiānqí yuānshuǐ, jū Línzī nánjiāo shān xià zhě.

八神：一曰天主，祠天齊。天齊淵水，居臨菑南郊山下者。

八神：一曰天主，祠天齐。天齐渊水，居临菑南郊山下者。

In the beginning God created heaven, and earth.

思高聖經 (Studium Biblicum Version), 創世紀 (Genesis) 1:1

在起初天主創造了天地。

在起初天主创造了天地。

And I believe [our] only lord – Jesus Christ – is God’s only son.

1863, 《東敎宗鑑》

Yòu xìn wéiyī zhǔ — Yīyīsūsī Hélìsītuōsī — wéi Tiānzhǔ zhī dúyī zǐ.

又信惟一主——伊伊穌斯合鿠斯托斯——爲天主之獨一子。

1863, 《東敎宗鑑》

又信惟一主——伊伊稣斯合鿟斯托斯——为天主之独一子。


金門

→ English: Kinmen, Quemoy, Chinmen, Chin-men, Jinmen

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/kim³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/kim³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

(～島) Kinmen (the largest island of Kinmen County, Taiwan)


仫佬

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

Mulao (an ethnic group of southern China)


仫佬族

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊk̚² lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊk̚² lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

Mulao people (an ethnic group of southern China)


青龍刀

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/


四季青

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

(～地區, formerly ～鄉; ～鎮) Sijiqing (a town and former township in Haidian district, Beijing, China)


華清池

/xu̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

zh-l

華清／华清 (Huáqīng)

On a cold spring day, he bestowed upon her the honor of bathing with him at the Huaqing pools

806 CE, Bai Juyi, Song of Everlasting Regret

春寒賜浴華清池

春寒赐浴华清池


華清

/xu̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Built in 723, the Huaqing pools was a hot springs in Huaqing Palace (華清宮), which was located atop Mount Li (驪山) in the Qinling Mountains. It was located approximately 25 km to the east of the capital city of Chang'an.

春寒賜浴華清池

春寒赐浴华清池


溫泉

/wən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã¹³/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²³/

/wən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã¹³/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²³/

(～縣) Wenquan County (a county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Wenquan Town (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Wenquan (a town in Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Wenquan (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


黃沙

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ saː⁵⁵/

Huangsha (a region of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


芙蓉

/fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/

/pʰu⁵⁵ ʒuŋ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ yŋ⁵³/

/hu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/pʰu¹³⁻²² d͡ziɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɪŋ²⁴/

/vu²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/

/pʰu⁵⁵ ʒuŋ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ yŋ⁵³/

/hu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/pʰu¹³⁻²² d͡ziɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɪŋ²⁴/

/vu²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

Possibly derived from a word meaning “to blossom”; compare 敷榮／敷荣 (fūróng, “to blossom”) (Zhang and Shen, 2014).
; "Seremban"

(～區) Furong (a district of Changsha, Hunan, China)

(～市) Seremban, Fu Yong (a city, the state capital of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


芙蓉

/fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²⁴/

/fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²⁴/

Alternative name for 梅山 (Méishān, “Meishan Town, Nan'an, Fujian”).


促進

/t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰɵk̚⁵⁵ tin³³/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰok̚²⁻⁴ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰoʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰɵk̚⁵⁵ tin³³/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰok̚²⁻⁴ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰoʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(～村) Cujin (a village in Shijing, Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


驪宮

/li³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Huaqing Palace (華清宮) was located atop Mount Li (驪山) in the Qinling Mountains.

(archaic) Li Palace (another name for Huaqing Palace)


劍閣

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kiːm³³ kɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kiːm³³ kɔːk̚³/

Jiange County is famous for the long and windy foot paths going through Jianmen Pass. Jianmen means "gateway to Mount Jian", so called because its jagged peaks resemble a "jian" (a straight sword).

the pavilions (of the pass at Mount) Jian

(～縣) Jiange (a county of Guangyun, Sichuan, China)

The winding wooden walkways high up in the clouds ascend through the pavilions of the pass at Mount Jian.

雲棧縈紆登劍閣

云栈萦纡登剑阁

(archaic) the footpaths that wind through Jianmen Pass (in Jiange County, Sichuan)


峨眉山

/ˀɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ mei̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ mei̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

峨眉 derives from the word 蛾眉 (éméi, “the feathery feelers of a moth”), so named because the peaks of Mount Emei do in fact resemble the feelers of a moth (see pictures). The “insect” radical (虫) on the left side of the first character 蛾 (é) was later replaced with the “mountain” radical (山 (shān)). Thus, 蛾 (é) eventually became 峨 (é), so as to denote the mountain. The “mountain” radical can be optionally added to the second character 眉 (méi). Both 峨嵋 (Éméi) and 峨眉 have been used through the centuries. 山 (shān) simply means “mountain”.

(～市) Emeishan (a county-level city of Sichuan, China)


峨眉

/ˀɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ mei̯²¹/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ bi²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃²³⁻³³ bi²³/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ bi²³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ bi²⁴/

/ˀɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ mei̯²¹/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ bi²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃²³⁻³³ bi²³/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ bi²³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ bi²⁴/

峨眉 derives from the word 蛾眉 (“the feathery feelers of a moth”), so named because the peaks of Mount Emei do in fact resemble the feelers of a moth (see pictures). The "insect" radical (虫) on the left side of the first character 蛾 was later replaced with the "mountain" radical (山). Thus, 蛾 eventually became 峨, so as to denote the mountain. Occasionally, the radical is placed on top: 峩. The "mountain" radical can be optionally added to the second character 眉. Both 峨嵋 and 峨眉 have been used through the centuries.

(～鄉) Emei (a rural township in Hsinchu County, Taiwan)

(～縣) (historical) Emei (a historical county of China; now Emeishan City, Sichuan)


馬嵬坡

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

It was at this site that the lady Yang Guifei was executed on 15 July, 756. The episode is famously described in the poem Song of Everlasting Regret, by Bai Juyi.

(archaic) the slopes of Mawei (another name for the way station at Mawei, located to the west of present day Xingping, Shaanxi)


馬嵬驛

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ i⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ i⁵¹/

(archaic) the way station at Mawei (located to the west of present day Xingping, Shaanxi)


馬嵬

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ ŋɐi̯²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ ŋɐi̯²¹/

(historical) the way station at Mawei (located to the west of present-day Xingping, Shaanxi)


太液

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

(～池) (literary) Taiye ponds (commonly located inside of the imperial compound)


西宮

The Western Palace was also known as the Taiji Palace (太極宮), and was located to the northwest of the capital at Chang'an. The Western Palace was one of several alternate palaces near the capital.

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(literary, historical) the Western Palace (located to the northwest of the capital at Chang'an)


西宮

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 西宮 (Nishinomiya).

obor

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Nishinomiya (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


南內

/nän³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

The Southern Palace was also known as the Xingqing Palace (興慶宮), and was located to the southeast of the capital at Chang'an. The Southern Palace was one of several alternate palaces near the capital.

(archaic) The Southern Palace (located to the southeast of the capital at Chang'an)


梨園

/li³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/lei̯²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/li³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/lei̯²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Pear Garden was the name of the first known royal acting and musical academy in China. Later on, it came to refer to opera troupes in general.

(～街道) Liyuan (a subdistrict of Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


椒房

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

The Pepper Residence was where the empresses of the Han Dynasty had lived. Located in Weiyang Palace (未央宮).


翡翠

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (翡翠):
* → Japanese: 翡(ひ)翠(すい) (hisui)
* → Korean: 비취(翡翠) (bichwi)
* → Vietnamese: phỉ thúy (翡翠), phỉ thuý (翡翠)

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fei̯³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/hui²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰui²¹/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/hui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui²¹/

/hui³³⁻²³ t͡sʰui²¹³/

/fi³³ t͡sʰø⁴⁴/

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fei̯³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/hui²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰui²¹/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/hui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui²¹/

/hui³³⁻²³ t͡sʰui²¹³/

/fi³³ t͡sʰø⁴⁴/


臨邛

/lin³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/lin³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Linqiong County (in present day Qionglai, Sichuan)


海上

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩẽ³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩõ³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩẽ³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩõ³⁵/

海上花列傳

海上花列传


太真

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/


小玉

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

(archaic) Xiaoyu (the name of a celestial servant girl of the otherworld, according to Daoist lore)


雙成

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Shuangcheng (the name of the Queen Mother of the West's celestial servant girl of the otherworld, according to Daoist lore)


霓裳羽衣舞

ㄋㄧˊ ㄔㄤˊ ㄩˇ ㄧ ㄨˇ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄔㄤˊ ㄩˇ ㄧ ㄨˇ

/ni³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

A gust of wind caused her celestial sleeves to flutter, Just like when she used to perform the Dance of rainbow skirts and feather robes.

Fēng chuī xiān mèi piāopiāo jǔ, yóu sì Níshangyǔyīwǔ.

風吹仙袂飄飄舉，猶似霓裳羽衣舞。

风吹仙袂飘飘举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。

(archaic) accompanying dance for the Song of rainbow skirts and feather robes (a famous musical composition from the Tang Dynasty)


霓裳羽衣

ㄋㄧˊ ㄔㄤˊ ㄩˇ ㄧ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄔㄤˊ ㄩˇ ㄧ

/ni³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/ni³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

The sound of the war drums from Yuyang began to shake the earth,
And broke the spell of the Song of rainbow skirts and feather robes.

 806: Bai Juyi, Song of Everlasting Regret
Note: Yuyang county is now known as Miyun County. The capital city of Yuyang county was Fanyang. An Lushan was the regional military governor of Fanyang during this time. It was from there that he staged the An Lushan Rebellion, which forced the emperor to flee the capital.

Yúyáng pí gǔ dòng dì lái, jīng pò nícháng yǔyī qǔ.

漁陽鼙鼓動地來，驚破霓裳羽衣曲。

渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。

(archaic) Song of rainbow skirts and feather robes (a famous musical composition from the Tang Dynasty)


昭陽殿

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

Originally built during the time of Emperor Wu of Han, Zhaoyang Hall became the residence of Empress Zhao Feiyan during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han. Later poets used Zhaoyang Hall as a general metaphor for the living quarters of imperial consorts.


蓬萊宮

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Penglai Palace was a nickname for Daming Palace (大明宮) of the Tang Dynasty. It derived its nickname from the Penglai ponds that were located at the Palace. Because Mount Penglai also refers to a mystical land found in Chinese mythology, Penglai Palace can also be used as a nickname for a palace where celestial beings live.

(archaic) Penglai Palace (a nickname for Daming Palace of the Tang Dynasty)

(archaic) Penglai Palace (a palace where celestial beings reside)


長生殿

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

In Stone Moat Village when the man parted from his wife,
More tears were shed than in the Palace of Long Life.

1752, Yuan Mei (袁枚),《馬嵬（其二）》, translated by Xu Yuanchong

Shíháocūn lǐ fūqī bié, lèi bǐ Chángshēngdiàn shàng duō.

石壕村裏夫妻別，淚比長生殿上多。

石壕村里夫妻别，泪比长生殿上多。

(historical) Hall of Longevity (the name of a hall within Huaqing Palace)


阿拉伯

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴ pak̚²/

/a³³⁻²¹ l̃a²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaiʔ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ peʔ³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ peʔ³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piɪk̚³²/

/a⁵⁵ la³³ paʔ²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴ pak̚²/

/a³³⁻²¹ l̃a²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaiʔ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ peʔ³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ peʔ³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piɪk̚³²/

/a⁵⁵ la³³ paʔ²¹/

Derived from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab). Compare Tagalog Arabo, Spanish árabe.

沙烏地阿拉伯

Shāwūdì Ālābó

沙乌地阿拉伯

Shāwūdì Ālābó

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (a peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (the region of Western Asia within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


河口

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xə²⁴ kʰou⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xə²⁴ kʰou⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

～瑤族自治縣 河口瑤族自治縣#Chinese

Hekou Yao Autonomous County
w:Hekou Yao Autonomous County

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Hekou Yao Autonomous County (a county of Yunnan, China)

(～區) Hekou District (district in Dongying, Shandong province, China)

(～鄉) Hekou (a township in Yuan'an, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Hekou (a village in Shuanghe, Togtoh, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China)

name of several other towns, townships, subdistricts and villages in China


壽春

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(archaic) Shouchun (present day Shou County, Anhui)


小沛

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) Xiaopei (present day Pei County, Anhui)


滕縣

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(historical) Teng County (a former county of Zaozhuang, Shandong, China, present-day Tengzhou)


雁門

/jɛn⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ mən³⁵/

(～關) Yanmen Pass, a pass in northern Shanxi fortified as part of the Inner Great Wall, now a tourist site

(～郡) (historical) Yanmen Commandery, a former commandery of the Zhao Kingdom and of early imperial China

(～道) (historical) Yanmen Circuit, a former circuit of medieval China

(historical) Yanmen, a former name of the various seats of the commandery


馬邑

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

(historical) former name of 朔州 (Shuòzhōu) (= Shuozhou): a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi, China

(～縣) (historical) Mayi County, a former county in Shuocheng District, Shuozhou, Shanxi


黎陽

/li³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/li³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Liyang (east of present day Xun County, Henan)


立夏

Sino-Xenic (立夏):
* → Japanese: 立夏(りっか) (rikka)
* → Korean: 립하(立夏) (ripha), 입하(立夏) (ipha)

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ni²¹ ɕia²¹³/

/liəʔ² ɕia⁴⁵/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻²¹ hɑ²⁴²/

/liʔ⁴⁻⁴² ha¹¹/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² he⁴¹/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² he³³/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² he²²/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɛ²²/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² ha⁴¹/

/liɪʔ¹¹ ɦo²³/

/li²⁴ ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ni²¹ ɕia²¹³/

/liəʔ² ɕia⁴⁵/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻²¹ hɑ²⁴²/

/liʔ⁴⁻⁴² ha¹¹/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² he⁴¹/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² he³³/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² he²²/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɛ²²/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² ha⁴¹/

/liɪʔ¹¹ ɦo²³/

/li²⁴ ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹/

first day of summer, beginning of summer (one of the solar terms, around May the 5th, 6th, or 7th)

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


南海

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

; "Nanhai, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Commandery"

Nanhai (a lake in Zhongnanhai, Xicheng district, Beijing, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Nanhai (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Nanhai (a town in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Nanhai (a township in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(historical) (～郡) Nanhai, a commandery of imperial China

"Your ruler dwells near the northern sea, while I, the unworthy one, dwell near the southern sea. Even when our horses and cattle are in heat, they cannot come close to one another.

Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

Jūn chù běihǎi, guǎrén chù nánhǎi, wéi shì fēng mǎ niú bù xiàngjí yě.

君處北海，寡人處南海，唯是風馬牛不相及也。

君处北海，寡人处南海，唯是风马牛不相及也。

(literary, figurative) the extreme south

Shǔ zhī bǐ yǒu èr sēng: qí yī pín, qí yī fù. Pín zhě yǔ yú fù zhě yuē: “Wú yù zhī Nánhǎi, hérú?”

蜀之鄙有二僧：其一貧，其一富。貧者語於富者曰：「吾欲之南海，何如？」

蜀之鄙有二僧：其一贫，其一富。贫者语于富者曰：「吾欲之南海，何如？」

(historical) Mount Putuo (an island and mountain in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)


南部

/lam²⁴⁻²² pɔ²²/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² pɔ²²/

/lam¹³⁻²² pɔ²²/

/lam²³⁻³³ pɔ³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² pɔ²²/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² pɔ²²/

/lam¹³⁻²² pɔ²²/

/lam²³⁻³³ pɔ³³/

(～縣) Nanbu County (a county of Nanchong, Sichuan, China)

科學園區 科學園區#Chinese

Southern Taiwan Science Park
w:Southern Taiwan Science Park

(～科學園區) Southern Taiwan Science Park (a science park in Tainan, Taiwan)


南亞

/nän³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ aː³³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋa³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ aː³³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋa³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

South Asia (a geographic region of Asia, comprising all the countries of the Indian subcontinent (principally India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan) and the Indian Ocean (principally Sri Lanka, Maldives))


馬陵山

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Malingshan Scenic Area (south of Xinyi City, Jiangsu)

(archaic) Malingshan (southwest of present day Fan County)


東風

ja-r

東風(とうふう) (Tōfū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東風):
* → Japanese: 東風(とうふう) (Tōfū)

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

/toŋ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/toŋ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

/toŋ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/toŋ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/

(～社區) Dongfeng (a residential community in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Dongfeng (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


世運

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ wɐn²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³³ wɐn²²/

世界運動會 世界運動會#Chinese

世界运动会 世界运动会#Chinese

(Hong Kong, informal, dated) Olympic Games


振興

→ English: Zhenxing

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～區) Zhenxing (a district of Dandong, Liaoning, China)


丁丁

/tiŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

(Taoism) Alternative name for Ding Lingwei.


蘇聯

/ɬɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/ɬɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/sɔ³³ liɛn²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

/ɬɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/ɬɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/sɔ³³ liɛn²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

Short for 蘇維埃聯盟／苏维埃联盟 (Sūwéi'āi Liánméng).

zh-etym-short

Soviet Union
Soviet Union#English:_Q15180

(historical) Soviet Union (a former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)

(by extension, informal) Russia (at any point of its history)

(Mainland China, humorous, metonymic) Jiangsu province


安慶

→ English: An-ch'ing, Anking, Anqing

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/an³³ kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/ø⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/an³³ kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/ø⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²¹/

(～市) Anqing (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


法門

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ mɔŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ muoŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/faʔ³³ mən⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ mɔŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ muoŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/faʔ³³ mən⁴⁴/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मपर्याय (dharmaparyāya), comprised of धर्म (dharma, “dharma”) + पर्याय (paryāya, “method”).

compound

(～鎮) Famen (a town in Fufeng, Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


河濟

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) the Yellow River and the Jishui River


順天

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (順天):
* → Vietnamese: Thuận Thiên (順天)

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/sɵn²² tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/sɵn²² tʰiːn⁵⁵/

(～府) (historical) Shuntian (a historical prefecture of Zhili, China, administering the capital Beijing and its surrounding region)


葛陂

/kɤ³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

(archaic) Gebei (the name of an ancient lake located to the northwest of present day Xincai County, Henan)


天涯海角

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄧㄚˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄧㄚˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

тяньяхайцзяо

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ jä³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋaːi̯²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡai²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡai²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡai¹³⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡai²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡai²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋaːi̯²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡai²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡai²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡai¹³⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡai²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡai²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kak̚³²/

Tianya Haijiao, a beach near Sanya in Hainan


東帝汶

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³ mɐn²²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³ mɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ³³ te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun⁴¹/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²¹⁻⁵³ bun²²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³ mɐn²²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³ mɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ³³ te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun⁴¹/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²¹⁻⁵³ bun²²/

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


黑莓

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ muːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ muːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


布隆迪

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄧˊ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄧˊ

/pu⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ ti³⁵/

/pou̯³³ lʊŋ²¹ tɪk̚²/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/pɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiak̚²⁴/

/pu⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ ti³⁵/

/pou̯³³ lʊŋ²¹ tɪk̚²/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/pɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiak̚²⁴/

(Mainland China) Burundi (a country in East Africa)


法國

Sino-Xenic (法國):
* → Vietnamese: Pháp Quốc (法國)

⇒ Manchu: ᡶᠠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (fa gurun)

→ Zhuang: Fazgoz

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fä⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/fat̚⁵⁵ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kuɔʔ²⁴/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ kɒʔ²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ kɔk̚³²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/faʔ³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fä⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/fat̚⁵⁵ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kuɔʔ²⁴/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ kɒʔ²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ kɔk̚³²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/faʔ³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

From 法 (Fǎ, abbreviation of 法蘭西／法兰西 (Fǎlánxī), from French France) + 國／国 (guó, “country”).

zh-m

法蘭西／法兰西 (Fǎlánxī)

法國南部

法国南部

How many consulates does France have in the US?

Fǎguó zài Měiguó yǒu duōshao lǐngshìguǎn?

法國在美國有多少領事館？

法国在美国有多少领事馆？

These are some materials that I brought back for you from France. Please take a look.

Zhè shì wǒ tèyì cóng Fǎguó gěi nǐmen dài huílái de yīxiē zīliào, nǐmen hǎohǎo kànkàn.

這是我特意從法國給你們帶回來的一些資料，你們好好看看。

这是我特意从法国给你们带回来的一些资料，你们好好看看。

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


西班牙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西班牙):
* → Korean: 서반아(西班牙) (Seobana)
* → Vietnamese: Tây Ban Nha (西班牙)

/ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ jä³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːn⁵⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/ɬai³³ pan³³ ᵑɡa²²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ pan²⁴ ŋa¹¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋa¹¹/

/sɛ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵⁵ ŋa⁵³/

se¹ bang¹ gor² [Phonetic:se⁵ bang⁵ gor²]

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ paŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kɒ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ paŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kɒ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡa²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɛ¹³/

/si³³⁻²¹ pan³³⁻²¹ ɡɛ²³/

/sai³³⁻²³ paŋ³³⁻²³ ɡe⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pe³³ ŋa²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ jä³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːn⁵⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/ɬai³³ pan³³ ᵑɡa²²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ pan²⁴ ŋa¹¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋa¹¹/

/sɛ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵⁵ ŋa⁵³/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ paŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kɒ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ paŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kɒ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡa²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡa²³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɛ¹³/

/si³³⁻²¹ pan³³⁻²¹ ɡɛ²³/

/sai³³⁻²³ paŋ³³⁻²³ ɡe⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pe³³ ŋa²¹/

Borrowed from the word for Spain in a European language; compare English Spain, Spanish España, German Spanien, Latin Hispania. The choice of the final syllable 牙 (yá) is possibly influenced or reinforced by 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”).
Attested as early as 1835, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine. An earlier similar transcription is 是班呀, attested in 海國聞見錄 [1730] by Chen Lunjiong (陳倫烱).

1835 六月, “俠膽”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統記傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 8:

Míngcháo niánjiān, Hélán dìfāng, wéi Xībānyá zhī shǔguó.

明朝年間，荷蘭地方，為西班牙之屬國。

明朝年间，荷兰地方，为西班牙之属国。

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 10, page 4:

Mòxīgē běn Xībānyá suǒ gǎijiàn, gù yǔyán wénzì, yǔ Xībānyá tóng.

墨西哥本西班牙所改建，故語言文字，與西班牙同。

墨西哥本西班牙所改建，故语言文字，与西班牙同。

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


雜種

/t͡sä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːp̚² t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡saʔ⁵⁻³³ t͡syŋ³³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːp̚² t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡saʔ⁵⁻³³ t͡syŋ³³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

(Cantonese, humorous, derogatory) Xi Jinping


聖迭戈

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tiːt̚² kʷɔː⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tiːt̚² kʷɔː⁵⁵/


玉石

/y⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/

/jʊk̚² sɛːk̚²/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚⁴/

/y⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/

/jʊk̚² sɛːk̚²/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚⁴/

(～村) Yushi (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


鳩山

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 鳩山, Hatoyama

(～町) Hatoyama (a town in Hiki district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


俄羅斯

→ Zhuang: Ngozlozswh

Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆

/ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²² lᵘɔ²² ɬu³³/

/ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/

Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆

/ŋo⁵³⁻³³ l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/ŋɔ̃²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/ɡɔ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/ɡɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯ³³/

/ŋu²² lu⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²² lᵘɔ²² ɬu³³/

/ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/

/ŋo⁵³⁻³³ l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/ŋɔ̃²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/ɡɔ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/ɡɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯ³³/

/ŋu²² lu⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

Qing-era transcription of Manchu ᠣᡵᠣᠰ (oros, “Russians; Russia”), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus, “Russians; Russia”), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus, “Rus”), from Kipchak [Term?] (“Rus”) (whence Armeno-Kipchak Որուս (Orus, “Ruthenia”), with vowel-harmonic prothesis o- before liquid r-), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ, “Rus”), from Proto-Finnic *roocci (“Swede, Varangian”).

der

俄罗斯
鄂羅斯
斡羅思
峨羅斯

中國和俄羅斯的邊界

中国和俄罗斯的边界

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)

Armeno-Kipchak language
Liquid consonant
Prothesis (linguistics)
Qing dynasty
Vowel harmony


俄國

desc

→ Lü: ᦵᦁᦲᧉᦷᦅᧉ (ʼoe²ko²)

→ Lü: ᦵᦁᦲᧉᦷᦅᧉ (ʼoe²ko²)

/ˀɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²² kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/ˈŋo³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/

/ŋo¹¹ kuɛt̚¹/

/ŋo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡo¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/ŋu²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/ˀɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²² kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/ˈŋo³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/

/ŋo¹¹ kuɛt̚¹/

/ŋo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡo¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/ŋu²² koʔ⁴⁴/

From 俄 (É, abbreviation of 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)) + 國／国 (guó, “country”); attested as early as 1838, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine.

zh-m

俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia) (at any point of its history)

俄羅斯帝國 俄羅斯帝國#Chinese

俄罗斯帝国 俄罗斯帝国#Chinese

(specifically, historical) short for 俄羅斯帝國／俄罗斯帝国 (Éluósī dìguó, “Russian Empire”)

Soviet Russia has been instigating communist parties in Eastern Europe for four years

1949, 蔣中正 (Chiang Kai-shek), 《中華民國三十八年國慶紀念告全國軍民同胞書》

sì nián yǐlái Éguó cèdòng Dōng'ōu gèguó de gòngdǎng

四年以來俄國策動東歐各國的共黨

四年以来俄国策动东欧各国的共党

(chiefly Taiwan, by extension, historical) Soviet Russia


莫斯科

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² siː⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵/

/mok̚⁵ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰo²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³ kʰə³³/

/moʔ¹¹ sz̩²² kʰu²³/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² siː⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵/

/mok̚⁵ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰo²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³ kʰə³³/

/moʔ¹¹ sz̩²² kʰu²³/

Borrowed from English Moscow, or shortened from Qing-era 莫斯科窪／莫斯科洼 (Mòsīkēwā), which is borrowed from Manchu ᠮᠣᠰᠺᠣᠸᠠ (mosk'owa).

zh-l

莫斯科窪／莫斯科洼 (Mòsīkēwā)

《莫斯科郊外的晚上》

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)

(～州) Moscow (an oblast of Russia, surrounding the city of Moscow)


巴黎

/paː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/pa⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/

/pa³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/pa⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/

/pa³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

From French Paris. Attested as early as 1838, in 古今萬國綱鑑 by German missionary Karl Gützlaff.

The Eiffel Tower is Paris's landmark structure.

Àifēi'ěr Tiětǎ shì Bālí de biāozhìxìng jiànzhù.

艾菲爾鐵塔是巴黎的標誌性建築。

艾菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑。

1866, 斌椿, 乘槎筆記; republished volume 2, Tokyo: 袋屋龜次郎, 1872, page 26:

Èrshísānrì, qíng, zhù bālí hǎiguān, miǎn yàn xínglǐ, jiēshì fánhuá, qìjú kuòdà, yòu shèngyú Lǐ'áng.

二十三日，晴，駐巴黎海關，免驗行李，街市繁華，氣局闊大，又勝於里昂。

二十三日，晴，驻巴黎海关，免验行李，街市繁华，气局阔大，又胜于里昂。

Paris (the capital and largest city of France; a department of Île-de-France)


伊拉克

→ Zhuang: Yihlahgwz

/i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤɻ⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/i⁴⁴ la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɛt̚¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/i⁵⁵ la³³ kʰəʔ²¹/

/i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤɻ⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/i⁴⁴ la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɛt̚¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/i⁵⁵ la³³ kʰəʔ²¹/

From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”).

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


紐約

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ jœːk̚³/

/ŋi̯u³¹ i̯ok̚²/

/nˡieu³³⁻⁵⁵ yɔʔ²⁴/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/niũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/niũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iak̚³²/

/niu⁵²⁻³⁵ ieʔ²/

/n̠ʲiɤ²² iaʔ⁴⁴/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ jœːk̚³/

/ŋi̯u³¹ i̯ok̚²/

/nˡieu³³⁻⁵⁵ yɔʔ²⁴/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/niũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/niũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iak̚³²/

/niu⁵²⁻³⁵ ieʔ²/

/n̠ʲiɤ²² iaʔ⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English New York, via a southern variety of Chinese (probably Taishanese) which retains -k in 約／约.

(～州, formerly ～省) New York (a state of the United States)

1867, 志剛, 《初使泰西紀》, 林華齋書坊, published 1877:

On the second day, we travelled north to a port in New York in the east coast of the United States. The journey was over 6700 li.

Chū'èr rì běi xíng zhì Měiguó dōng jiè Niǔyuē hǎikǒu hǎichéng liù qiān qī bǎi yú lǐ

初二日北行至美國東界紐約海口海程六千七百餘里

初二日北行至美国东界纽约海口海程六千七百余里

(～市) New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey)


愚公

/jyː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

愚公移山 愚公移山#Chinese

a character portrayed in the text Liezi: an old man who was determined to move a mountain, see 愚公移山 (yúgōngyíshān)


高雄

desc

→ English: Kaohsiung, Kao Hsiung, Kao-hsiung, Gaosyong, Gaoxiong

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hiʊŋ¹¹/

/ko⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾yŋ⁵³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hiʊŋ¹¹/

/ko⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾yŋ⁵³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高(たか)雄(お) (Takao) with the creation of Takao Prefecture in 1920, from Hokkien 打狗 (Tá-káu) (Takau), from Siraya takau (“bamboo forest”).

(～市) Kaohsiung (special municipality located in southwestern Taiwan)

(～市) (historical) Kaohsiung City (former provincial city, now part of the special municipality)

(～縣) (historical) Kaohsiung County (former county, now part of the special municipality)


嘉義

→ English: Ka-gi, Chiai, Chiayi, Jiayi

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː²²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/

/ka⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋiɛ²⁴²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː²²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/

/ka⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋiɛ²⁴²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

Conferred in 1787 by the Qing Emperor to commend the locals' righteous act of defending the fort (嘉其死守城池之忠義) during the Lin Shuangwen rebellion. The former name 諸羅／诸罗 (Chu-lô/Ti-ló) is from Tsulosan (諸羅山／诸罗山 (Chu-lô-san/Ti-ló-sán)).

(～市) Chiayi (a city located in the plains of southwestern Taiwan)

(～縣) Chiayi (a county surrounding Chiayi City)


中壢

→ English: Chungli, Jhongli, Zhongli

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɛːk̚²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɛːk̚²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

(～區, formerly ～市) Zhongli, Jhongli, Chungli (a district of Taoyuan, Taiwan, formerly a county-controlled city)


譙縣

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


福爾摩沙

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˊ ㄕㄚ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˊ ㄕㄚ

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ jiː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/huʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ i³³⁽⁻²¹⁾ mo⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾la⁵⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ sa⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ jiː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/huʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ i³³⁽⁻²¹⁾ mo⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾la⁵⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ sa⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Portuguese Formosa (literally “beautiful”) [ca. 1542], as Portuguese sailors sighted the main island of Taiwan.

bor

(historical, poetic) Formosa (historic name of Taiwan)

(～省) Formosa (a province in northern Argentina)

(～市) Formosa (the provincial capital of Formosa, Argentina)


藍牙

/län³⁵ jä³⁵/

/laːm²¹ ŋaː²¹/

/nã²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe²⁴/

/nã²³⁻³³ ɡe²³/

/län³⁵ jä³⁵/

/laːm²¹ ŋaː²¹/

/nã²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe²⁴/

/nã²³⁻³³ ɡe²³/

Calque of English Bluetooth, a calque of Old Norse Blátǫnn.

(networking) Bluetooth (personal area wireless network)


閩南

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

southern Fujian (a region of Fujian, China); Minnan region


斐濟

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/fei̯³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²¹/

/hui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²¹/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se¹¹/

/hui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²¹/

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/fei̯³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²¹/

/hui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²¹/

/hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se¹¹/

/hui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²¹/

Borrowed from English Fiji, from Fijian Viti Levu (“Great Viti”).

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


敘利亞

/ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

zêu⁶ léi⁶ a³

/t͡sɵy̯²² lei̯²² aː³³/

/sy²⁴²⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/sɯ²² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/su³³⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/su³³⁻²¹ li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/su²²⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/si²²⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² lei̯²² aː³³/

/sy²⁴²⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/sɯ²² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/su³³⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/su³³⁻²¹ li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/su²²⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/si²²⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

Attested in 海國圖志 (Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms) [1852].
Earlier forms in the first half of the 19th century included 敘哩亞／叙哩亚, 敘里亞／叙里亚, 西利亞／西利亚, etc. Forms with 敘／叙 (xù) as the first syllable possibly derive from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

And there abode three months. And when the Jews laid wait for him, as he was about to sail into Syria, he purposed to return through Macedonia.

Jū sān yuè, yù zhōu xíng wǎng Xùlìyà, Yóutàirén jì hài zhī, suì dìngyì guò mǎqídùn ér fǎn.

居三月，欲舟行往敘利亞，猶太人計害之，遂定意過馬其頓而反。

居三月，欲舟行往叙利亚，犹太人计害之，遂定意过马其顿而反。


俄羅斯聯邦

ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄤ

ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄤ

элосы Ляньбан

/ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵ lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵ lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Russian Federation
Russian Federation#English:_Q159

Russian Federation (official name of Russia: a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


蒙古

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蒙古):
* → Japanese: 蒙(もう)古(こ) (Mōko)
* → Okinawan: 蒙古(むーく) (Mūku)
* → Korean: 몽고(蒙古) (Monggo)
* → Vietnamese: Mông Cổ (蒙古)

→ Zhuang: Mungzguj

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/məŋ²⁴ ku²⁴/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ¹¹ ku³¹/

/muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/məŋ²⁴ ku²⁴/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ¹¹ ku³¹/

/muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

Borrowed from Jurchen [Term?] (/*moŋgu/, “Mongol”) with loss of foreign final -l, from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mwnkɣwɽ /moŋqol/, “Mongol”).

der

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


波蘭

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (波蘭):
* → Japanese: 波蘭(ポーランド) (pōrando)
* → Korean: 파란(波蘭) (Paran)
* → Vietnamese: Ba Lan (波蘭)

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/po⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/pʰo⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/po³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/po⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/pʰo⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/po³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/

1910, 吳趼人 [Wu Jianren], chapter 22, in 二十年目睹之怪現狀 [Bizarre Happenings Eyewitnessed over Two Decades]:

Russia has destroyed Poland and one of its first decrees was that the Poles couldn't speak Polish or use Polish letters.

Éluósī miè le Bōlán, tā zài Bōlán xíng de zhènglìng, dì yī jiàn, bùxǔ Bōlánrén shuō Bōlánhuà, hái bùxǔ yòng Bōlán wénzì.

俄羅斯滅了波蘭，他在波蘭行的政令，第一件，不許波蘭人說波蘭話，還不許用波蘭文字。

俄罗斯灭了波兰，他在波兰行的政令，第一件，不许波兰人说波兰话，还不许用波兰文字。


外蒙古

/waɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ŋoi̯⁵⁵ muŋ¹¹ ku³¹/

/ŋui²⁴² muŋ³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/ŋa²² moŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ŋoi̯⁵⁵ muŋ¹¹ ku³¹/

/ŋui²⁴² muŋ³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/ŋa²² moŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹/


品川

/pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐn³⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐn³⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Shinagawa (one of the 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


小美人魚

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄟˇ ㄖㄣˊ ㄩˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄟˇ ㄖㄣˊ ㄩˊ

Сяо мэйжэньюй

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ y³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ y³⁵/


單于

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/

/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/

/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/

From Xiongnu. Earliest extant attestations of this title (reconstructed as *darƣʷa) are in Chinese language inscriptions found in ruins of Xiongnu's capital 龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng), in modern Mongolia.
Cognate with Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ (darug-a) / дарга (darga, “chief; head; governor”), Persian داروغه (dâruġe, “governor”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”).
Related to 答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”), 達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”), 達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”).

zh-l

達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”)


品客

/pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Pringle (An individual potato snack of the Pringles brand.)


華美

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(usually attributive) China and the United States


華美

→ English: Huamei, E-bue

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ bue⁵²/

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ bue⁵²/

Huamei (a village in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China, once host to a station on the Swatow-Chaochowfu Railway)


布達佩斯

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄆㄟˋ ㄙ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄆㄟˋ ㄙ

/pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ taːt̚² pʰuːi̯³³ siː⁵⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tat̚²⁴⁻² pue⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ tat̚⁴⁻³² pʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ tat̚⁴⁻³² pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pue²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tat̚⁴⁻³² pue²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/pu³³ daʔ⁵⁵ be³³ sz̩²¹/

/pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ taːt̚² pʰuːi̯³³ siː⁵⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tat̚²⁴⁻² pue⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ tat̚⁴⁻³² pʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ tat̚⁴⁻³² pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pue²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tat̚⁴⁻³² pue²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/pu³³ daʔ⁵⁵ be³³ sz̩²¹/

Budapest (a city, the capital city of Hungary)


布里斯班

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄅㄢ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄅㄢ

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵/

Brisbane (a city, the state capital of Queensland, Australia)


墨爾本

⁸meq-gher₆-pen₅; ⁶meq₈-gher₆-pen₅; ⁸meq-gher₆ ⁵pen

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² jiː¹³ puːn³⁵/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pun⁴¹/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pun⁵³/

meh^入 r^去 pen^去; meh^入 r^去 pen^去; meh^入 r^去 pen^去

⁵meq-hher₃-pen₂; ³meq₅-hher₃-pen₂; ⁵meq-hher₃ ²pen

/məʔ¹¹ ɦəl²² pən²³/

/məʔ²² ɦəl⁵⁵ pən²¹/

/məʔ¹¹ ɦəl²³ pən³⁴/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² jiː¹³ puːn³⁵/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pun⁴¹/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pun⁵³/

/məʔ¹¹ ɦəl²² pən²³/

/məʔ²² ɦəl⁵⁵ pən²¹/

/məʔ¹¹ ɦəl²³ pən³⁴/

Melbourne has had pretty good weather over the past few days.

Zhè jǐ tiān Mò'ěrběn de tiānqì hái tǐng hǎo.

這幾天墨爾本的天氣還挺好。

这几天墨尔本的天气还挺好。

Melbourne (a city, the state capital of Victoria, Australia)


黃金海岸

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˇ ㄢˋ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˇ ㄢˋ

Хуанцзинь Хайань

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/

the "Gold Coast" of China; China's prosperous coastal provinces


卡爾瓦多斯

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄙ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄙ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

Calvados (a department of Normandy, France)


四人幫

/sz̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ jɐn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ jɐn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

the Gang of Four, a leftist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials that came to prominence during the Chinese Cultural Revolution


美拉尼西亞

ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago

Melanesia (a continental region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji)


喀麥隆

/kʰä⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/haːk̚³ mɐk̚² lʊŋ²¹/

/kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ biak̚²⁴⁻² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɔŋ¹³/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰä⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/haːk̚³ mɐk̚² lʊŋ²¹/

/kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ biak̚²⁴⁻² liɔŋ²⁴/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɔŋ¹³/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɔŋ²⁴/


臺灣海峽

desc

→ English: Taiwan Strait, Taiwan Straits

ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

Тайвань Хайся

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ haːp̚²/

/tai²⁴⁻²² uan²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tai²⁴⁻²² uan²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiap̚⁵/

/tai¹³⁻²² uan¹³⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ uan²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tai²³⁻³³ uan²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ haːp̚²/

/tai²⁴⁻²² uan²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tai²⁴⁻²² uan²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiap̚⁵/

/tai¹³⁻²² uan¹³⁻²² hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ uan²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tai²³⁻³³ uan²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

He [Chiang Kai-shek] praised Chen Huai as a disciple of revolution who practiced the true meaning of faith, and then brought up Biblical teaching explaining the importance of faith. He said that faith allowed Moses to have the courage to lead the people of Israel out of Egypt, cross the Red Sea and free themselves from the control of the powerful; faith allowed Joshua the courage to enter Canaan, wipe out the enemy and establish the nation. By extension, he said, "Faith can also allow us, like crossing the River Jordan in spirit, to cross the Taiwan Strait, reach the opposite shore, return to the mainland, have victory in battle over the demons, rescue the compatriots on the mainland and reestablish the Republic of China."

April 2011, Shao Ming-Huang (邵銘煌), 快刀與黑貓：蔣中正反攻大陸的想望, in 蔣中正日記與民國史研究 Vol. 2, p. 590, →ISBN →OCLC

Tā biǎozhāng Chén Huái shì yīge shíjiàn xìnxīn zhēnyì de gémìng xìntú, bìngjǔ “shèngjīng” jiàoyì chǎnmíng xìnxīn de zhòngyàoxìng. Tā shuō: xìnxīn shǐ Móxī yǒu yǒngqì dàilǐng Yǐsèliè rénmín chū Āijí, dù Hónghǎi, tuōlí qiángquán kòngzhì; xìnxīn shǐ Yuēshūyà yǒu yǒngqì jìnrù Jiānán, xiāomiè dírén, jiànshè guójiā. Jìn'ér shēnyán: “Xìnxīn yě néng shǐ wǒmen xiàng chuānyuè jīngshén shàng de Yuēdàn Hé yīyàng, chuānyuè Táiwān Hǎixiá, ér dàodá bǐ'àn, huí fǎn dàlù, zhànshèng èmó, jiějiù dàlù tóngbāo, chóngjiàn Zhōnghuá Mínguó.”

他表彰陳懷是一個實踐信心真義的革命信徒，並舉《聖經》教義闡明信心的重要性。他說：信心使摩西有勇氣帶領以色列人民出埃及，渡紅海，脫離強權控制；信心使約書亞有勇氣進入迦南，消滅敵人，建設國家。進而申言：「信心也能使我們像穿越精神上的約旦河一樣，穿越台灣海峽，而到達彼岸，回返大陸，戰勝惡魔，解救大陸同胞，重建中華民國。」

他表彰陈怀是一个实践信心真义的革命信徒，并举《圣经》教义阐明信心的重要性。他说：信心使摩西有勇气带领以色列人民出埃及，渡红海，脱离强权控制；信心使约书亚有勇气进入迦南，消灭敌人，建设国家。进而申言：「信心也能使我们像穿越精神上的约旦河一样，穿越台湾海峡，而到达彼岸，回返大陆，战胜恶魔，解救大陆同胞，重建中华民国。」


復興

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (復興):
* → Japanese: 復興(ふっこう) (fukkō)
* → Korean: 부흥(復興) (buheung)
* → Vietnamese: phục hưng (復興)

→ English: Fusing, Fuxing

/fu⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ hiŋ⁵³³/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻² hiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ³³/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ hiŋ⁵³³/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻² hiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ³³/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～區, formerly ～鄉) Fuxing (a mountain indigenous district in eastern Taoyuan, Taiwan, formerly a mountain indigenous township)

(～區) Fuxing (a district of Handan, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Fuxing (a subdistrict of Chengkou, Chongqing, China)

(～嶼) Fuxing (an islet of Lieyu, Kinmen County, Taiwan)


聯邦

/li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liæ̃²⁴ pɑŋ²⁴/

/lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ paŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ paŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² paŋ³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/

/li²² pɑ̃⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liæ̃²⁴ pɑŋ²⁴/

/lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ paŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ paŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² paŋ³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/

/li²² pɑ̃⁴⁴/

(Singapore) Malaysia (a country in Asia)


鴉科

/jä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/


四舊

→ English: Four Olds (calque)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯²²/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯²²/

(historical) the Four Olds (four traditional aspects of Chinese culture targeted for destruction during China's Cultural Revolution)


阿爾及利亞

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ kʰɐp̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/a³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kip̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kip̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ kʰɐp̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/a³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kip̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kip̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kip̚⁴⁻³² li³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/


安拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

感讚安拉

感赞安拉


三門峽

desc

→ English: San-men-hsia, Sanmenhsia, Sanmenxia

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/saŋ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋieʔ⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴⁻¹¹ kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³⁻³³ kiap̚³²/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/saŋ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋieʔ⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴⁻¹¹ kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³⁻³³ kiap̚³²/

(～市) Sanmenxia (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


鶴壁

→ English: Hebi, Ho-pi

/xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/hɔːk̚² pɪk̚⁵/

/houʔ⁵⁻²¹ piɑʔ²⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² piaʔ⁵/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ piɪʔ²³/

/xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/hɔːk̚² pɪk̚⁵/

/houʔ⁵⁻²¹ piɑʔ²⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² piaʔ⁵/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ piɪʔ²³/

(～市) Hebi (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


安哥拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/


安哥拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/

Angora (former name of Ankara, the capital of Turkey)


優素福

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵¹ fu³⁵/

يُوسُف يوسف#Arabic

A transliteration of the Arabic male given name يُوسُف (yūsuf), equivalent to Yusuf


薩斯喀徹溫

ㄙㄚˋ ㄙ ㄎㄚ ㄔㄜˋ ㄨㄣ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄙ ㄎㄚ ㄔㄜˋ ㄨㄣ

Сасыкачэвэнь

/sä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹ wən⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ haːk̚³ t͡sʰiːt̚³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː³³ t͡sʰiːt̚³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/sä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹ wən⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ haːk̚³ t͡sʰiːt̚³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː³³ t͡sʰiːt̚³ wɐn⁵⁵/

Saskatchewan River
Saskatchewan River#English

(～河) Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan River (a major river in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada)

(～省) Saskatchewan (a prairie province in western Canada)


布萊斯峽谷

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄙ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄙ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄨˇ

Булайсы Сягу

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


布萊斯

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ lɔːi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ lɔːi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname and male given name Bryce

A transliteration of the English surname and female given name Blythe


瓜達爾卡納爾島

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄉㄠˇ

Гуадаэрканаэр дао

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Guadalcanal Island (an island of the Solomon Islands)


愛爾蘭

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ laːn²¹/

/ai²¹³⁻²¹ i³³⁻²¹ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

àiⁿ jṳ́ lâng

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/

/e³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ le²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ laːn²¹/

/ai²¹³⁻²¹ i³³⁻²¹ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/

/e³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ le²¹/

Borrowed from English Ireland. Attested since at least 1866.

Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)


拿騷

/nä³⁵ sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/nä³⁵ sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Nassau (the capital city of the Bahamas)


大峽谷

ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄨˇ

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² haːp̚² kʊk̚⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² kiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁵ kɔk̚³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² haːp̚² kʊk̚⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² kiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁵ kɔk̚³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kiap̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²/

any big canyon, especially the Grand Canyon in the United States


阿爾代什

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Ardèche (a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, south-central France)

Ardèche (a right tributary of the Rhône, in the departments of Ardèche and Gard, south-central France)


阿爾代什河

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄏㄜˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

Borrowed from French Ardèche + 河 (hé, “river”).


蘇非主義

ㄙㄨ ㄈㄟ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄙㄨ ㄈㄟ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/su⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/su⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


雅溫得

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

(Mainland China) Yaoundé (a city, the capital city of Cameroon)


雪蘭莪

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/syːt̚³ laːn²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/syːt̚³ laːn²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

(～州) Selangor (a state of Malaysia; capital: Shah Alam)


塔吉克斯坦

ㄊㄚˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄊㄚˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Тацзикэсытань

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːp̚³ kɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/tʰa(ʔ)⁵ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kit̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/tʰaːp̚³ kɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

(Mainland China) Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia)


贊比亞

/t͡sän⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/t͡sän⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːn³³ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/t͡san²¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/t͡san⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/t͡sän⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/t͡sän⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːn³³ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/t͡san²¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/t͡san⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

(Mainland China) Zambia (a country in Southern Africa)


托克勞

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ lou̯²¹/

/tʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lo¹³/

/tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lo²⁴/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ lou̯²¹/

/tʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lo¹³/

/tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lo²⁴/

Tokelau (three atolls forming a dependent territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean)


梵蒂岡

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²² tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²¹ tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/huan⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/huan²²⁻²¹ te²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ve²² ti⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²² tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²¹ tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/huan⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/huan²²⁻²¹ te²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ve²² ti⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


定陶

/tiŋ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² tʰou̯²¹/

/tiŋ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² tʰou̯²¹/


濟郡

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(archaic) Jiyang Commandery (centered around present day Dingtao County, Shandong province)


福克蘭群島

ㄈㄨˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Фукэлань Цюньдао

/fu³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


哈薩克斯坦

ㄏㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄏㄚ ㄙㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄏㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Хасакэсытань

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Хасакэсытань

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/ha(ʔ)⁵ sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


科威特

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/fɔː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/kʰə³³ ui³³ tiak̚²⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ ui⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/fɔː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/kʰə³³ ui³³ tiak̚²⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ ui⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ui⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹/

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


厄瓜多爾

ㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄦˇ

ㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄦˇ

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aːk̚⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/iak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua³³ tɔ³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴⁻³³ to⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁵³/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴¹/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kua⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aːk̚⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/iak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua³³ tɔ³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴⁻³³ to⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁵³/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴¹/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kua⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Ecuador (a country in South America)


約旦

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ taːn³³/

/jœːk̚³ taːn²²/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ tɑŋ²¹³/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan²¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan¹¹/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tan⁴¹/

/iɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tuã²¹/

/io(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tuã¹¹/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ taːn³³/

/jœːk̚³ taːn²²/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ tɑŋ²¹³/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan²¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan¹¹/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tan⁴¹/

/iɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tuã²¹/

/io(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tuã¹¹/

Borrowed from Arabic أُرْدُنّ (ʔurdunn).

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

(～河) Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


文萊

→ Zhuang: Vwnzlaiz

/wən³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/wən³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

From Malay Brunei, borrowed through Hokkien (where 文 is pronounced with a b- initial).

(chiefly Mainland China) Brunei (a country in Southeast Asia)


埃及

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (埃及):
* → Korean: 애급(埃及) (Aegeup)
* → Vietnamese: Ai Cập (埃及)

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚²/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚²/

/ai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰip̚⁵/

/ai⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iʔ⁵/

/ai⁵³³⁻¹¹ kiʔ⁴/

/ai⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kiʔ⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚¹²¹/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ kip̚⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ kip̚⁴/

/ai³³⁻²³ kip̚⁴/

/e⁵⁵ d͡ʑiɪʔ²¹/

/i⁵⁵ d͡ʑiɪʔ²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚²/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚²/

/ai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰip̚⁵/

/ai⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iʔ⁵/

/ai⁵³³⁻¹¹ kiʔ⁴/

/ai⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kiʔ⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚¹²¹/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ kip̚⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ kip̚⁴/

/ai³³⁻²³ kip̚⁴/

/e⁵⁵ d͡ʑiɪʔ²¹/

/i⁵⁵ d͡ʑiɪʔ²¹/

Likely borrowed from English Egypt. Attested as early as 1853.

1853 November 1, “援辨上蒼主宰稱謂說 [Remarks on the various terms used to designate the Deity]”, in 遐邇貫珍 [Chinese Serial], volume I, number 4, page 11:

I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

ngo⁵ je⁴ wo⁴ waa⁴ ji⁵ zi¹ soeng⁶ dai³ dou⁶ ji⁵ ceot¹ oi¹ kap⁶ tyut³ jyu⁵ jyu¹ zin⁶ jik⁶ ze² jyu⁴ ji⁴ ngoi⁶ bat¹ ho² bit⁶ jau⁵ soeng⁶ dai³

我耶和華爾之上帝導爾出埃及脫汝於賤役者余而外不可別有上帝

我耶和华尔之上帝导尔出埃及脱汝于贱役者余而外不可别有上帝

2018, “建殿者的呼聲”performed by 朱肇階 [Daniel Chu]:

I must praise You while I am still living because You led me out of the land of Egypt

ngo⁵ waan⁴ wut⁶ si⁴ jiu³ cing¹ zung⁶ nei⁵, jan¹ nei⁵ ling⁵ ngo⁵ ceot¹ aai¹ kap⁶ dei⁶

我還活時要稱頌祢 因祢領我出埃及地

我还活时要称颂祢 因祢领我出埃及地

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


萊索托

ㄌㄞˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄊㄨㄛ

ㄌㄞˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄊㄨㄛ

/laɪ̯³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ sɔːk̚³ tʰɔːk̚³/

/lai¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ tʰɔk̚³²/

/lai²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔk̚³²/

/lai²⁴⁻²² sak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰɔk̚⁵/

/laɪ̯³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ sɔːk̚³ tʰɔːk̚³/

/lai¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ tʰɔk̚³²/

/lai²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔk̚³²/

/lai²⁴⁻²² sak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰɔk̚⁵/

(Mainland China) Lesotho (a country in Southern Africa)


緬甸

Sino-Xenic (緬甸):
* → Japanese: 緬甸(めんでん) (Menden)
* → Korean: 면전(緬甸) (Myeonjeon)
* → Vietnamese: Miến Điện (緬甸)

→ Manchu: ᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ (miyan diyan)

→ Zhuang: Menjden

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/mieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛŋ²⁴²/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/

/biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²²/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/

/mieŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tieŋ³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/mieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛŋ²⁴²/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/

/biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²²/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/

/mieŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tieŋ³⁵/

A traditional view on the meaning of 緬／缅 (miǎn) is "far, remote" in Chinese, but a more convincing suggestion is that the syllable 緬／缅 (miǎn) is contracted from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar”). The last syllable 甸 (diàn) is possibly from Burmese တိုင်း (tuing:, “country, province”).

bor

緬甸盛產翡翠。

缅甸盛产翡翠。


厄立特里亞

ㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɐk̚⁵ laːp̚² tɐk̚² lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/iak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴⁻² tiak̚²⁴⁻² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/iɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ɐk̚⁵ laːp̚² tɐk̚² lei̯¹³ aː³³/

(Mainland China) Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


海地

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tei̯²²/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tei̯²²/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

Phono-semantic matching of English Haiti.


幾內亞比紹

ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄕㄠˋ

ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄅㄧˇ ㄕㄠˋ

Цзинэйя Бишао

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³ pei̯³⁵ siːu̯²²/

/ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹/

/ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²²/

/kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³ pei̯³⁵ siːu̯²²/

/ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹/

(Mainland China) Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


基里巴斯

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ki³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³ sɯ³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ki³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³ sɯ³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Kiribati (a country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


馬拉維

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³ ui²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³ ui²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³/

(Mainland China) Malawi (a country in Southern Africa)

Marawi (a city in Lanao del Sur, Philippines)


坦桑尼亞

ㄊㄢˇ ㄙㄤ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄊㄢˇ ㄙㄤ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːn³⁵ sɔːŋ⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/tʰan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/tʰan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/tʰan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɔŋ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːn³⁵ sɔːŋ⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/tʰan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/tʰan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/tʰan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɔŋ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Tanzania (a country in East Africa)


馬達加斯加

ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙ ㄐㄧㄚ

Мадацзясыцзя

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ taːt̚² kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tat̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tat̚²⁴⁻² ka³³ sɯ³³ ka³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/mo²² daʔ⁵⁵ ka³³ sz̩³³ ka²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ taːt̚² kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tat̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tat̚²⁴⁻² ka³³ sɯ³³ ka³³/

/mo²² daʔ⁵⁵ ka³³ sz̩³³ ka²¹/

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


安圭拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


布韋島

/pu⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Bouvet Island (an uninhabited volcanic island and dependent territory of Norway in the South Atlantic Ocean)


布基納法索

ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

Буцзина Фасо

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³³ kei̯⁵⁵ naːp̚² faːt̚³ sɔːk̚³/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki³³ lap̚²⁴⁻² huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sak̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ huat̚³²⁻⁵ siɪk̚³²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/pou̯³³ kei̯⁵⁵ naːp̚² faːt̚³ sɔːk̚³/

From French Burkina Faso, from Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”). Doublet of 布吉納法索／布吉纳法索 (Bùjínà Fǎsuǒ).

zh-l

布吉納法索／布吉纳法索 (Bùjínà Fǎsuǒ)

(Mainland China) Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


塞浦路斯

ㄙㄞˋ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄙ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄙ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ pʰou̯³⁵ lou̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ pʰou̯²¹ lou̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/set̚² pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/sai¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔ⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/se³³ pʰu⁵⁵ lu³³ sz̩²¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ pʰou̯³⁵ lou̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ pʰou̯²¹ lou̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/set̚² pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/sai¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔ⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/se³³ pʰu⁵⁵ lu³³ sz̩²¹/

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


薩爾瓦多

ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄉㄨㄛ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄉㄨㄛ

/sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/sat̚² ŋi³¹ ŋa³¹ to²⁴/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/sat̚² ŋi³¹ ŋa³¹ to²⁴/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ua⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/

El Salvador (a country in Central America)

A transliteration of the Spanish or Portuguese male given name Salvador

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Salvador


歐洲聯盟

ㄡ ㄓㄡ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ

ㄡ ㄓㄡ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ

Оучжоу Ляньмэн

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴ li̯en¹¹ men¹¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴ li̯en¹¹ men¹¹/


赫德島和麥克唐納群島

赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛
赫德島和麥克唐納羣島

ㄏㄜˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄉㄠˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄞˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄤˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Ho⁴-tê²-tao³ ho² Mai⁴-kʻo⁴-tʻang²-na⁴ Chʻün²-tao³

Хэдэдао хэ Майкэтанна Цюньдао

/xɤ⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵ nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Heard Island and McDonald Islands#English:_Q131198

Heard Island and McDonald Islands (a volcanic group of uninhabited Antarctic islands, an external territory of Australia lying between Madagascar and Antarctica)


洪都拉斯

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨ ㄌㄚ ㄙ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨ ㄌㄚ ㄙ

/xʊŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³ la³³ sɯ³³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³ la³³ sɯ³³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Honduras (a country in Central America)


冰島

/piŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/piɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/piŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/piɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


吉爾吉斯斯坦

ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Цзиэрцзисысытань

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

(Mainland China) Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


列支敦士登

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄕˋ ㄉㄥ

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄕˋ ㄉㄥ

Лечжидуньшидэн

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵ siː²² tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ki³³ tun³³ sɯ²² tiɪŋ³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² tun⁴⁴⁻²² su²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² tun⁴⁴⁻²² su²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liɪʔ²² t͡sz̩⁵⁵ tən³³ zz̩³³ tən²¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵ siː²² tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ki³³ tun³³ sɯ²² tiɪŋ³³/

/liɪʔ²² t͡sz̩⁵⁵ tən³³ zz̩³³ tən²¹/

(Mainland China) Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


盧森堡

/lu³⁵ sən⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² səm³³ po⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/lu²² sən⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

/lu³⁵ sən⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² səm³³ po⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/lu²² sən⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of German Luxemburg, French Luxembourg, or English Luxembourg. Note that 堡 (bǎo, “castle”) matches in both sound and meaning.

psm

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

(～市) Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg (one of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


聖多美和普林西比

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄟˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄟˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ

Шэндомэй хэ Пулиньсиби

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ tɔː⁵⁵ mei̯¹³ wɔː²¹ pʰou̯³⁵ lɐm²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho¹³⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ²⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² se³³ pi⁵⁵⁴/

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

(Mainland China) São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago of Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


巴林

Qing-era transliteration of Manchu ᠪᠠᡵᡳᠨ (barin), from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ (baɣarin), from Middle Mongol 巴阿邻 (baɣarin).

/paː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²³/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²³/

(historical) (～部) Baarin (a Mongolian tribe during the Ming and Qing dynasties)


巴林

From English Bahrain, from Arabic اَلْبَحْرَيْنُ m (al-baḥraynu, “Bahrain”).

der

اَلْبَحْرَيْنُ

/paː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²³/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²³/

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


孟加拉國

ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃aʔ⁵⁻²¹ kuɔʔ²⁴/

/biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ la³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/mã²² ka⁵⁵ la³³ koʔ²¹/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ la³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/mã²² ka⁵⁵ la³³ koʔ²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore) Bangladesh (a country in South Asia)


巴巴多斯

/pä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/pa³³ pa³³ tɔ³³ sɯ³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/pä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/pa³³ pa³³ tɔ³³ sɯ³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


貝寧

/peɪ̯⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/puːi̯³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/pue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/puːi̯³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/pue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

(Mainland China) Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


伯利茲

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ³³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ³³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Belize (an English-speaking country in Central America, formerly called British Honduras)


任天堂

/ʐən⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐm²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʐən⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐm²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 任天堂 (Nintendō).


阿拉伯聯合酋長國

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

aa³ laai¹ baak³ lyun⁴ hap⁶ jau⁴ zoeng² gwok³

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Алабо Ляньхэ Цючжанго

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

aa³ laai¹ baak⁸ lyn⁴ hap⁹ jau⁴ dzoeng² gwok⁸

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lyːn²¹ hɐp̚² jɐu̯²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴⁻³² siu²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

/a³³ la³³ piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴⁻² siu²⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siu¹³⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

(Mainland China) United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


聯合

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (聯合):
* → Japanese: 連合(れんごう) (rengō)
* → Korean: 연합(聯合) (yeonhap), 련합(聯合) (ryeonhap)
* → Vietnamese: liên hiệp (聯合)

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

(～村) Lianhe (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Lianhe (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


青銅時代

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ

цинтун шидай

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/


奶西

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

Today around 7:40 am, there was a fire at a flea market in Naixi, Changyang. The smoke permeated through the air above the Jingcheng Expressway. Nine fire squadrons with 46 firetrucks were present to handle the fire, and the fire was extinguished by 9:09 am. There were no casualties.

2017 February 27, 李东, 家具旧货市场起火, in 《法制晚报》

Jīntiān zǎoshàng 7 shí 40 fēn xǔ, Cháoyáng Nǎixī jiùhuò shìchǎng fāshēng huǒzāi, nóngyān yīdù mímàn dào Jīngchéng Gāosù shàngkōng, 9 ge xiāofáng zhōngduì 46 bù xiāofángchē dàochǎng chǔzhì, jiézhì shàngwǔ 9 shí 09 fēn dàhuǒ bèi pūmiè, wú rényuán shāngwáng.

今天早上7時40分許，朝陽奶西舊貨市場發生火災，濃煙一度彌漫到京承高速上空，9個消防中隊46部消防車到場處置，截至上午9時09分大火被撲滅，無人員傷亡。

今天早上7时40分许，朝阳奶西旧货市场发生火灾，浓烟一度弥漫到京承高速上空，9个消防中队46部消防车到场处置，截至上午9时09分大火被扑灭，无人员伤亡。

(～村) Naixi (a village in Cuigezhuang, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China)


偉哥

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤɻ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯¹³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤɻ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯¹³ kɔː⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Viagra.

psm

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, informal) Viagra


巴西立

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹/


指南

to indicate south (i.e. to show direction)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

(～村) Zhinan (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


白宮

/paɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/piɪk̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/piɪk̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/


華盛頓

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (華盛頓):
* → Japanese: 華盛頓(ワシントン) (washinton)
* → Korean: 화성돈(華盛頓) (hwaseongdon)
* → Vietnamese: Hoa Thịnh Đốn (華盛頓)

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/waː²¹ sɪŋ²² tɵn²²/

/hua²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/hua²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tun⁴¹/

/hua¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tun¹¹/

/hua²³⁻³³ siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/waː²¹ sɪŋ²² tɵn²²/

/hua²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/hua²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tun⁴¹/

/hua¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tun²¹/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tun¹¹/

/hua²³⁻³³ siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tun²¹/

From English Washington, probably via Cantonese.

1838 正月, “華盛頓言行最略”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統紀傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 17:

Jīnglún jìshì zhī cái, kuānrén qīngdé biànshī, zhōngyì liǎngquán zhī lièshì zhōng, Huáshèngdùn dúlì wúbǐ. Qí wèi Měilǐgē jiān jùn zhī rén, yú Yōngzhèng jiǔ nián shēng yě.

經綸濟世之才，寬仁清德遍施，忠義兩全之烈士中，華盛頓獨立無比。其為美理哥兼郡之人，於雍正九年生也。

经纶济世之才，宽仁清德遍施，忠义两全之烈士中，华盛顿独立无比。其为美理哥兼郡之人，于雍正九年生也。

A transliteration of the English surname Washington

～哥倫比亞特區 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區#Chinese

～特區 華盛頓特區#Chinese

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

(～哥倫比亞特區, ～特區) Washington, Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

Washington State
Washington State#English

(～州) Washington, Washington State (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


德意志

/tɤ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ jiː³³ t͡siː³³/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/

/təʔ³³ i⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ jiː³³ t͡siː³³/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/

/təʔ³³ i⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of German Deutsch (“German”). Doublet of 同濟／同济 (Tóngjì) and 獨逸／独逸 (Dúyì).
The tendency to use commendatory characters in country names was also seen in:
* 美國／美国 (Měiguó, “America; lit. pretty country”),
* 英國／英国 (Yīngguó, “England; lit. flower/outstanding country”) and
* 法國／法国 (Fǎguó, “France, lit. the law country”).

zh-l

同濟／同济 (Tóngjì)

獨逸／独逸 (Dúyì)

(attributive or poetic) Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


奧運

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ wɐn²²/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ un²²/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ un⁴¹/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ un²²/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ un³³/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ un³³/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ uŋ¹¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ wɐn²²/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ un²²/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ un⁴¹/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ un²²/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ un³³/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ un³³/

/o²¹³⁻⁵⁵ uŋ¹¹/

Short for 奧林匹克運動會／奥林匹克运动会 (Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, “Olympic Games”).


聖彼得堡

ㄕㄥˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ pei̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ pei̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English:_Q656

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad; the former capital of Russia, from 1713–1728 and 1732–1918)


柏林

/pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

(～州) Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


柏林

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

(～鎮) Bailin (a town in Zhangwan district, in the prefecture-level city of Shiyan, Hubei, China)


芬蘭語

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ jyː¹³/

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ jyː¹³/


伊多語

/i⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


湯加

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ³³ ka³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ³³ ka³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Tonga (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


湯加語

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/tʰɔŋ³³ ka³³ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/tʰɔŋ³³ ka³³ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵³/


乾清宮

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄍㄨㄥ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

the Palace of Heavenly Purity, a palace in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China


柏林人

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄖㄣˊ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lin³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹ jɐn²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lin³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹ jɐn²¹/


首爾

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/

/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/

/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). The first character 首 (shǒu, “first”) is a phono-semantic matching from Korean. Compare 首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)

(～市) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)


漢城

/xän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ sɪŋ²¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ siã²⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siã²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ siã¹³/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ siã²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ siã²³/

/hø³³ zən⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ sɪŋ²¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ siã²⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siã²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ siã¹³/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ siã²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ siã²³/

/hø³³ zən⁴⁴/

Named after the Han River (漢／汉) in Korea.

2011 June 4, 周琇環, “接運韓戰反共義士來臺之研究（1950-1954）”, in 國史館館刊 [Bulletin of Academia Historica], number 28, archived from the original on 2019-12-19, page 121:

On 4 Jan, 1951, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army entered Seoul. On 8 Jan, the KPA occupied Incheon, and the Chinese and North Korean forces reached the 37th parallel on all fronts. Peng Dehuai ordered the cessation of the attack due to difficulty in supplies, and ended the third campaign.

1951 nián 1 yuè 4 rì, Zhìyuànjūn jí Cháoxiān Rénmínjūn jìnrù Hànchéng, 1 yuè 8 rì, Rénmínjūn zhànlǐng Rénchuān, Zhōng Cháo bùduì quánxiàn jìndǐ 37 dù xiàn, Péng Déhuái jiànyú gōngyìng kùnnán xiàlìng tíngzhǐ zhuījī, jiùcǐ jiéshù le dì sān cì zhànyì.

1951年1月4日，志願軍及朝鮮人民軍進入漢城，1月8日，人民軍占領仁川，中朝部隊全線進抵37度線，彭德懷鑒於供應困難下令停止追擊，就此結束了第三次戰役。

1951年1月4日，志愿军及朝鲜人民军进入汉城，1月8日，人民军占领仁川，中朝部队全线进抵37度线，彭德怀鉴于供应困难下令停止追击，就此结束了第三次战役。

2014 November 21, “奧運田徑決賽上午舉行”, in 大公報 [Ta Kung Pao], page B10:

Olympic track and field finals are usually held in the afternoon or evening. This will be the first time since the 1988 Seoul Olympics that so many track and field finals are held in the morning.

Àoyùn tiánjìng juésài tōngcháng zài xiàwǔ huò wǎnshàng jìnxíng, ér zhè jiāng shì jì 1988 nián Hànchéng àoyùnhuì zhīhòu, shǒucì yǒu rúcǐ duō de tiánjìng juésài zài shàngwǔ jìnxíng.

奧運田徑決賽通常在下午或晚上進行，而這將是繼1988年漢城奧運會之後，首次有如此多的田徑決賽在上午進行。

奥运田径决赛通常在下午或晚上进行，而这将是继1988年汉城奥运会之后，首次有如此多的田径决赛在上午进行。

1894, Guangxu Emperor, 上諭; quoted in 清光緒朝中日交涉史料, volume 16, 故宮博物院, 1932:

Nǎi wōrén wúgù tiān bīng, tūrù Hànchéng, sì yòu zēng bīng wàn yú, pò lìng Cháoxiān gènggǎi guózhèng, zhǒngzhǒng yāoxié, nányǐ lǐyù.

乃倭人無故添兵，突入漢城，嗣又增兵萬餘，迫令朝鮮更改國政，種種要挾，難以理喻。

乃倭人无故添兵，突入汉城，嗣又增兵万余，迫令朝鲜更改国政，种种要挟，难以理喻。

(historical) Hanseong (Seoul during the Joseon dynasty)


布農

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³/

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³/

(～族) Bunun (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)


裕廊西

/y⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/


排灣

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

(～族) Paiwan (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)


三角巧克力

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ

саньцзяо цяокэли

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³ haːu̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵ lɪk̚²/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³ haːu̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵ lɪk̚²/


布朗

the Blang, a Palaungic-speaking ethnic group in Yunnan province, southwest China, as well as Burma and Thailand


布朗

/pu⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³³ lɔːŋ¹³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pu⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³³ lɔːŋ¹³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ laŋ⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ laŋ⁴⁴/

A transliteration of the English surname Brown


威廉姆斯

ㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄙ

ㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄙ

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ liːm²¹ mou̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ liːm²¹ mou̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Williams


威廉斯

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ liːm²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ liːm²¹ siː⁵⁵/


戴維斯

/taɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/taːi̯³³ wɐi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/taːi̯³³ wɐi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Davis


微軟

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


傑西卡

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

A transliteration of the English female given name Jessica


索馬里

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔːk̚³ maː¹³ lei̯¹³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/sak̚⁵⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔːk̚³ maː¹³ lei̯¹³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/sak̚⁵⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


新西蘭

Calque of English New Zealand. Attested as early as 1838, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine.

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ si³³⁻²¹ lan²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³³ le²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ si³³⁻²¹ lan²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³³ le²¹/

1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, Macao: S.W. Williams, page 419:

New Zealand is distant from New Holland about fifteen degrees.

san¹ sai¹ laan⁴ jau⁴ san¹ ho⁴ laan⁴ dung¹ jyut⁶ joeng⁴ joek³ sap⁶ ng⁵ dou⁶ ji⁴ zi³

新西蘭由新荷蘭東越洋約十五度而至

新西兰由新荷兰东越洋约十五度而至

1857, “地震火山論”, in Alexander Wylie, editor, 六合叢談 [Shanghae Serial], volume 6, page 2; republished 官板刪定本 edition, volume 6, 竪川三之橋, (Please provide a date or year), pages 2–3:

There are also volcanoes among the archipelagos of the Pacific Ocean, such as New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands.

Tàipíngyáng qúndǎo zhōng, yì yǒu huǒshān, rú Xīnxīlán Sānwéisī děng dǎo.

太平洋群島中，亦有火山，如新西蘭三維斯等島。

太平洋群岛中，亦有火山，如新西兰三维斯等岛。

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) New Zealand (a country and archipelago of Oceania, to the east of Australia)


新西蘭

Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng) + 西藏 (Xīzàng) + 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu). Pun on Etymology 1.

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ si³³⁻²¹ lan²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³³ le²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lan¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ si³³⁻²¹ lan²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³³ le²¹/

(Mainland China, military, slang) Xinjiang, Tibet and Lanzhou military region (in 2016 merged to form the Western Theater Command)


新德里

/ɕin⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/


捷克語

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/


阿爾巴尼亞語

Ā'ěrbāníyàyǔ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ

Ā'ěrbāníyàyǔ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


馬其頓語

ㄇㄚˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄩˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄩˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


黑山

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ san⁴⁴/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ san⁴⁴/

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


黑山

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ san⁴⁴/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ san⁴⁴/

(～縣) Heishan County (a county of Liaoning, China)


立陶宛

/li⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ wän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐp̚² tʰou̯²¹ jyːn³⁵/

/lip̚⁵ tʰau¹¹ ʋɔn³¹/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² uan⁵³/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² uan⁵³/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴⁻²² uan⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪʔ¹¹ dɔ²² uø²³/

/li⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ wän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐp̚² tʰou̯²¹ jyːn³⁵/

/lip̚⁵ tʰau¹¹ ʋɔn³¹/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² uan⁵³/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² uan⁵³/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴⁻²² uan⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪʔ¹¹ dɔ²² uø²³/

Borrowed from German Litauen, from Latin Lituania.

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


立陶宛語

ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄠˊ ㄨㄢˇ ㄩˇ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄠˊ ㄨㄢˇ ㄩˇ

/li⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ wän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːp̚² tʰou̯²¹ jyːn³⁵ jyː¹³/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴⁻²² uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi⁵³/

/li⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ wän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːp̚² tʰou̯²¹ jyːn³⁵ jyː¹³/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴⁻²² uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi⁵³/


巴拿馬運河

ㄅㄚ ㄋㄚˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄅㄚ ㄋㄚˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ

Банама Юньхэ

/pä⁵⁵ nä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ naː²¹ maː¹³ wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯un⁵⁵ ho¹¹/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯un⁵⁵ ho¹¹/

/pa⁵⁵⁻²¹ nˡa³³⁻³⁵ ma³³ uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

ba¹ na² ma³ ong⁵ hor² [Phonetic:ba⁵ na⁵ ma³ ong⁵ ngor²]

/pa⁵³³⁻¹¹ na¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³ ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

ba¹ na² ma³ uong⁵ hor² [Phonetic:ba⁵ na⁵ ma³ uong⁵ ngor²]

/pa⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ na²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³² uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/pa³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/pä⁵⁵ nä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ naː²¹ maː¹³ wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯un⁵⁵ ho¹¹/

/pa⁵³³⁻¹¹ na¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³ ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/pa⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ na²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³² uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/pa³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/


運河

/wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/vun³² hᵘɔ²²/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

/ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/vun³² hᵘɔ²²/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

/ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～區) Yunhe (a district of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yunhe (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, formerly a township)


巴拿馬

/pä⁵⁵ nä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ naː²¹ maː¹³/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/pa³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

/pä⁵⁵ nä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ naː²¹ maː¹³/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ na²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/pa³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

Borrowed from English Panama. Attested as early as 1844 in 萬國地理全集 by German missionary Karl Gützlaff.

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 10, page 7:

Mǐlìjiān zhì Zhōngguó, dàotú zhī yūyuǎn, zǔ yú Bānámǎ piàn tǔ. Ruò shū yǐ tōngzhōu, zé xīxíng ér dǐ Zhōngguó zhī dōng, shuǐchéng dāng jiǎn sān wàn yú lǐ.

米利堅至中國，道途之紆遠，阻於巴拿馬片土。若疏以通舟，則西行而抵中國之東，水程當減三萬餘里。

米利坚至中国，道途之纡远，阻于巴拿马片土。若疏以通舟，则西行而抵中国之东，水程当减三万余里。


卡拉季

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³/


德黑蘭

/tɤ³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/tɤ³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/


堪培拉

/kʰän⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/hɐm⁵⁵ pʰuːi̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/kʰän⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/hɐm⁵⁵ pʰuːi̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


祖魯語

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


月支

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/


諾蘇

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ su⁵⁵/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ su⁵⁵/


克里米亞韃靼語

Kèlǐmǐyà Dádáyǔ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄩˇ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄩˇ

Kèlǐmǐyà Dádáyǔ

Кэлимия Дадаюй

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹ tä³⁵ tä³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


雅加達

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ tat̚²⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/

/ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ tat̚²⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/

/ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/