太古代

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵ tɔːi̯²²/


太古

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁵³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁵³/

Tai Koo (an area of Eastern district, Hong Kong)


冥古宙

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄓㄡˋ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄓㄡˋ

/miŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/miŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Hadean eon (part of the Precambrian supereon, spanning from around 4.6 to 4 billion years ago)


太古宙

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

(geology) the Archean eon (part of the Precambrian supereon, spanning from 4 to 2.5 billion years ago)


始太古代

ㄕˇ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄕˇ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Eoarchean era (part of the Archean eon, spanning from 4 to 3.6 billion years ago)


古太古代

ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Paleoarchean era (part of the Archean eon, spanning from 3.6 to 3.2 billion years ago)


中太古代

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

Чжунтайгу Дай

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Mesoarchean era (part of the Archean eon, spanning from 3.2 to 2.8 billion years ago)


新太古代

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

Синьтайгу Дай

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Neoarchean era (part of the Archean eon, spanning from 2.8 to 2.5 billion years ago)


元古宙

/ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

(geology) the Proterozoic eon (part of the Precambrian supereon, spanning from 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago)


古元古代

ㄍㄨˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

Гуюаньгу Дай

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Paleoproterozoic era (part of the Proterozoic eon, spanning from 2.5 to 1.6 billion years ago)


中元古代

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

Чжунъюаньгу Дай

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Mesoproterozoic era (part of the Proterozoic eon, spanning from 1.6 to 1 billion years ago)


新元古代

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

Синьюаньгу Дай

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(geology) the Neoproterozoic era (part of the Proterozoic eon, spanning from 1 billion to 541 million years ago)


顯生宙

Сяньшэн Чжоу

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hiːn³⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hiːn³⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

(geology) the Phanerozoic eon (spanning from 541 million years ago until the present)


古近紀

ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Paleogene period (part of the Cenozoic era, spanning from 66.0 to 23.03 million years ago)


早第三紀

ㄗㄠˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄗㄠˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧˋ

Цзаодисаньцзи

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ tɐi̯²² saːm⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ tɐi̯²² saːm⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵/

Alternative name for 古近紀／古近纪 (Gǔjìn Jì).


晚第三紀

ㄨㄢˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄨㄢˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧˋ

Ваньдисаньцзи

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/maːn¹³ tɐi̯²² saːm⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/maːn¹³ tɐi̯²² saːm⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵/

Alternative name for 新近紀／新近纪 (Xīnjìn Jì).


新近紀

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ

Синьцзинь Цзи

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Neogene period (part of the Cenozoic era, spanning from 23.03 to 2.588 million years ago)


侏羅紀

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Jurassic period (part of the Mesozoic era, spanning from 201.3 to 145.0 million years ago)


侏羅

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 侏羅.


三疊紀

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三疊紀 (Sanjōki), a calque from German Trias (“Triassic”, literally “triad”), from New Latin trias (“triad”), from Ancient Greek τριάς (triás, “triad”).

der

(geology) the Triassic period (part of the Mesozoic era, spanning from 252.17 to 201.3 million years ago)


二疊紀

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 二畳紀.

obor

(geology) the Permian period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 298.9 to 252.17 million years ago)


泥盆紀

/ni³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nɐi̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/ni³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nɐi̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Devonian period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 419.2 to 358.9 million years ago)


泥盆

/ni³⁵ pʰən³⁵/

/nɐi̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

/ni³⁵ pʰən³⁵/

/nɐi̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese ateji of 泥盆(デボン) (Debon, “Devon”), coined by Kotō Bunjirō in 1884.


德文

/tɤ³⁵ wən³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/təʔ³³ vən⁴⁴/

/tɤ³⁵ wən³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/təʔ³³ vən⁴⁴/


德雲

/tɐk̚⁵ wɐn²¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ wɐn²¹/


志留紀

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡siː³³ lɐu̯²¹ kei̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡siː³³ lɐu̯²¹ kei̯³³/

(geology) the Silurian period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 443.4 to 419.2 million years ago)


奧陶紀

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ tʰou̯²¹ kei̯³³/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ tʰou̯²¹ kei̯³³/

(geology) the Ordovician period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 485.4 to 443.4 million years ago)


寒武紀

/xän³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/hɔːn²¹ mou̯¹³ kei̯³³/

/xän³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/hɔːn²¹ mou̯¹³ kei̯³³/

(geology) the Cambrian period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 541 to 485.4 million years ago)


寒武

/xän³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn²¹ mou̯¹³/

/xän³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn²¹ mou̯¹³/

Short for 寒武利亞／寒武利亚, which is orthographic borrowing from Japanese ateji of 寒武利亜(カンブリア) (Kanburia, “Cambria”), coined by Kotora Jimbo in 1891.

zh-etym-short

Short for 寒武利亞／寒武利亚


奧陶

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ou̯³³ tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ou̯³³ tʰou̯²¹/

From English Ordovices or Ordovician, by Weng Wenhao in 1911. This is not a Japanese coin.


志留

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː³³ lɐu̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː³³ lɐu̯²¹/

Short for 志留利亞／志留利亚, which is orthographic borrowing from Japanese ateji coined by Kotō Bunjirō in 1884.

Short for 志留利亞／志留利亚


克拉瑪依

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄧ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄧ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ maː¹³ jiː⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ maː¹³ jiː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur قاراماي (qaramay, literally “black oil”).

bor

(～市) Karamay (a prefecture-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


石河子

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² hɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² hɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

(～市) Shihezi (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿拉爾

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

(～市) Aral (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


圖木舒克

ㄊㄨˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄕㄨ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄊㄨˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄕㄨ ㄎㄜˋ

/tʰu³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯²¹ mʊk̚² syː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯²¹ mʊk̚² syː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

(～市) Tumxuk, Tumushuke (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


哈密

English: Hami, Ha-mi

/haː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/haː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

(～市) Hami (a prefecture-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


五家渠

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ kaː⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ kaː⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯²¹/

(～市) Wujiaqu (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


伊寧

→ English: I-ning, Yining

/jiː⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

Renamed from 寧遠／宁远 (Níngyuǎn) in 1914 due to avoid homonymy with the county in Hunan.

(～市) Yining, Kuldja (a county-level city of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Yining, Kuldja (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


塔城

→ English: T'a-ch'eng, Tacheng

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

塔 (tǎ) is short for 塔爾巴哈臺／塔尔巴哈台 (Tǎ'ěrbāhātái), the earlier name of the region.

(～地區) Tacheng (a prefecture of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Tacheng (a county-level city of Tacheng Prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


奎屯

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡠᡳᡨᡠᠨ (kuitun), from Written Oirat ᡍᡉᡕᡅᡐᡇᠨ (küyitun, “cold”).

(～市) Kuytun (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


博樂

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚²/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚²/

(～市) Bole (a county-level city of Bortala, Xinjiang, China)


昌吉

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠴᠠᠩᡤᡳ (canggi), from Written Oirat ᡔᠠᡊᡎᡅ (canggi).
Also possibly the same city as the one named 彰八里 (Zhāngbālǐ) in the History of Yuan [14th c. CE], and جَنْبَلِقْ (janbaliq) in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk [11th c. CE]. The second component of that name was evidently related to Old Turkic 𐰉𐰞𐰶 (balïq, “town, city”).

defdate

14th c. <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

11th c. <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

～回族自治州 昌吉回族自治州#Chinese

(～回族自治州, ～州) Changji (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Changji (a county-level city of Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阜康

/fu⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fɐu̯²² hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fɐu̯²² hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Fukang (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


庫爾勒

/kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jiː¹³ lɐk̚²/

/kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jiː¹³ lɐk̚²/

(～市) Korla (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿圖什

→ English: Atushi, A-t'u-shih

/ˀä⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/aː³³ tʰou̯²¹ sɐp̚²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/aː³³ tʰou̯²¹ sɐp̚²/

(～市) Artux, Artush (a county-level city of Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


烏蘇

Shortened from 庫爾喀喇烏蘇 /库尔喀喇乌苏 (Ku’ěr Kālā Wūsū).

(～市) Wusu (a county-level city of Tacheng prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


加國

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/


南宋

/nän³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ sʊŋ³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ sʊŋ³³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


北宋

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ sʊŋ³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ sɔŋ²¹/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔŋ⁴¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ sʊŋ³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ sɔŋ²¹/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔŋ⁴¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ²¹/


老佛爺

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³/

/lou̯¹³ fɐt̚² jɛː²¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³/

/lou̯¹³ fɐt̚² jɛː²¹/

Empress Dowager Cixi
w:Empress Dowager Cixi

(late Qing) A title of respect for Empress Dowager Cixi.


老佛爺

Phono-semantic matching of French Lafayette.

psm

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³/

/lou̯¹³ fɐt̚² jɛː²¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ³/

/lou̯¹³ fɐt̚² jɛː²¹/

老佛爺大街

老佛爷大街

老佛爺百货

老佛爷百货

(usually used in compounds) Lafayette; La Fayette


豬悟能

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ u⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ ŋ̍²² nɐŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ u⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ ŋ̍²² nɐŋ²¹/


沙悟淨

/ʂä⁵⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ ŋ̍²² t͡sɪŋ²²/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/sa³³ ɡɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ ŋ̍²² t͡sɪŋ²²/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/sa³³ ɡɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ³³/


練馬

/li̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 練(ねり)馬(ま) (nerima).

(～區) Nerima (one of the 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


食肉目

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/sɪk̚² jʊk̚² mʊk̚²/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/sɪk̚² jʊk̚² mʊk̚²/


同盟國

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ mɐŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ mɐŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

(historical) Central Powers (in the First World War)

(historical) Allies (in the Second World War)


港島

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

short for 香港島／香港岛 (Xiānggǎngdǎo, “Hong Kong Island”)


河水

/xɤ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/


莎翁

/ʂä⁵⁵ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

From 莎 (Shā, abbreviation of 莎士比亞／莎士比亚 (Shāshìbǐyà), from English Shakespeare) + 翁 (wēng, “elderly man”).

zh-l

莎士比亞／莎士比亚 (Shāshìbǐyà)


閻羅王

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ lɔː²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ŋi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/ŋi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/ŋi̯am¹¹ lo³¹ voŋ¹¹/

/ŋiŋ³³ lɔ³³ uaŋ³³/

/ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ l̃a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/ɡiam¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² ŋ̍²⁴/

/ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲi²² lu⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ lɔː²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ŋi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/ŋi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/ŋi̯am¹¹ lo³¹ voŋ¹¹/

/ŋiŋ³³ lɔ³³ uaŋ³³/

/ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ l̃a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/ɡiam¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² ŋ̍²⁴/

/ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲi²² lu⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

Partial calque of Sanskrit यमराज (yamarāja).

partial calque

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology) synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)

閻羅 /阎罗

(Church of the East, historical) the Devil.


盟軍

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/mɐŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/mɐŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

Allies (countries allied against the Axis Powers during World War II)


安石

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

(historical) Alternative name for 安息 (Ānxī, “Arsacid Empire; Parthian Empire”).


巴子

/pä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(historical) short for 巴子國／巴子国, Alternative name for 巴國／巴国 (Bāguó, “state of Ba”).


都城

/tu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tou³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tou³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/

(～市) Miyakonojō (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


虎門

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

(～水道) The Bogue; Humen; Bocca Tigris (a major strait in the Pearl River Delta between Guangzhou and the South China Sea)

(～鎮) Humen Town (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong)


猶大

/joʊ̯³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ taːi̯²²/

/i̯u¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/ieu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴²/

/iu¹³⁻⁴² tai¹¹/

/iu²⁴⁻⁴² tai²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tai²²/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tai⁴¹/

/iu¹³⁻²² tai²²/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/iu²³⁻³³ tai³³/

/joʊ̯³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ taːi̯²²/

/i̯u¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/ieu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴²/

/iu¹³⁻⁴² tai¹¹/

/iu²⁴⁻⁴² tai²¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tai²²/

/iu²⁴⁻²² tai⁴¹/

/iu¹³⁻²² tai²²/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/iu²³⁻³³ tai³³/

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰούδᾱς (Ioúdās).


策勒

→ English: Cele, Ts'e-le, Ts'e-lo

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

(～河) a river in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China

(～縣) Qira, Cele (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Qira, Cele (a town in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Qira, Cele (a township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


策勒

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

Celle (a district of Lower Saxony, Germany)

Celle (a town in Celle district, Lower Saxony, Germany)


光緒

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/kuɑŋ²⁴ ɕy⁴⁴/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯¹³/

/kuɔŋ⁴² ɕy¹¹/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/kɔŋ³³ sɯ²²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ su⁵²/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/kuɑŋ²⁴ ɕy⁴⁴/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯¹³/

/kuɔŋ⁴² ɕy¹¹/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/kɔŋ³³ sɯ²²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ su⁵²/

See also Manchu ᠪᠠᡩᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣ (badarangga doro).

m+

ᠪᠠᡩᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡩᠣᡵᠣ

(～帝) the Guangxu Emperor (the tenth emperor of the Qing dynasty)

光緒十二年

光绪十二年

the Guangxu era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1875 to 1908)


伯公

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paːk̚³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pak̚¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/pa²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/pa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/pa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ koŋ³³/

/pɛ⁵⁵ kɔŋ³⁵/

/pɐʔ⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

/pəʔ⁴⁴ koŋ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paːk̚³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pak̚¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/pa²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/pa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/pa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ koŋ³³/

/pɛ⁵⁵ kɔŋ³⁵/

/pɐʔ⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

/pəʔ⁴⁴ koŋ⁵⁵/

2015, 黃瑋傑, “天光日”, in 《天光。日》, performed by 黃瑋傑:

na-sṳ̀ kóng, ke yin-kông siông-thùng chhiâng-chhiâng, hò-pa hàn chhiang-chhiang, he pak-kûng thùng ló chú-siên, sí-miang pia liù hâ-lòi ke ná

若斯講 該屻崗相同青青 河壩還淨淨 係伯公同老祖先 死命拚留下來个哪

若斯讲 该屻岗相同青青 河坝还净净 系伯公同老祖先 死命拚留下来个哪

(chiefly Hakka, Teochew) Alternative name for 土地公 (Tǔdìgōng).


葡國

/pʰu³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pʰu³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/


阿育王

/ˀä⁵⁵ y⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/aː³³ jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ y⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/aː³³ jʊk̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

From 阿育 (Āyù, from Sanskrit अशोक (aśoka)) + 王 (wáng, “king”).

zh-m

from Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अशोक</i> (aśoka)

Ashoka (Indian emperor revered by Chinese Buddhists for his patronage of the religion)


鹽水溪

/jɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kiam²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kiam²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/


武林

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lim²³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lim²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lim²³/

Shāmò huíkàn qīngjìn yuè, húshān yìng mèng wǔlín chūn.

沙漠回看清禁月，湖山應夢武林春。

沙漠回看清禁月，湖山应梦武林春。

(chiefly literary or poetic) synonym of 杭州 (Hángzhōu)


乍浦

→ English: Chapoo, Cha-pu, Chapu, Zhapu

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Zhapu, a town in Pinghu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, on the northern shore of Hangzhou Bay that was an important port and military garrison under the Qing


潮陽

→ English: Teoyeo, Chaoyang

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tiɤ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/tio²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/tio²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/tie⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩẽ⁵⁵/

/tio⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tiɤ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/tio²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/tio²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/tie⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩẽ⁵⁵/

/tio⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

Coined in 413 CE as the name of a county (縣／县) under the Yi'an Commandery (義安郡), a commandery which covered the present-day Chaoshan region. Named for its location north (陽／阳 (“yang”)) of the sea.

(～區) Chaoyang (a district of Shantou, Guangdong, China)

Cháoyáng wèi dào wú néng shuō, hǎiqì hūnhūn shuǐ pāitiān.

潮陽未到吾能說，海氣昏昏水拍天。

潮阳未到吾能说，海气昏昏水拍天。

(～縣) Chaoyang (a former county of Guangdong, China)


苗栗

→ English: Miaoli, Miao-li

/mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/miːu̯²¹ lɵt̚²/

/miãu²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/miãu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/biau¹³⁻²² lit̚¹²¹/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/miːu̯²¹ lɵt̚²/

/miãu²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/miãu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/biau¹³⁻²² lit̚¹²¹/

Alternation of 貓貍 (Bâ-lî, literally “viverrid”) or 貓里／貓裏 (Bâ-lí), from Babuza Bari (“name of a tribe”).

zh-l

貓里／貓裏 (Bâ-lí)

(～市) Miaoli (a city in Miaoli County, Taiwan)


雲林

/wɐn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/huŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡiŋ⁵³/

/wɐn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/huŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡiŋ⁵³/


臺東

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾løyŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾løyŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Taitung (a city in Taitung County, Taiwan)


台東

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 台東.

(～區) Taitō (a special ward of Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


五羊城

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ ienn⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siann⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ ienn⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siann⁵⁵/

From the legend of the five sheep or goats ridden by the Taoist immortals who visited Guangzhou at its founding and introduced the cultivation of rice to its people. Their mounts were said to have turned into the five stones once preserved in the city's Temple of the Five Immortals.

(literary) City of the Five Rams, Guangzhou (a city in Guangdong, China)


荊楚

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

A combination of the local name Chu (楚) with its Qin name Jing (荊／荆), derived from the ancient district of that name (荊州／荆州) which was used by Qin after the mid-3rd century BCE owing to a naming taboo related to its king Ying Zichu (嬴子楚), father of the First Emperor.

(historical) Alternative name for 楚國／楚国 (Chǔguó), the state of Chu in ancient China.

楚國

(literary) the territory and cultural area of the former state of Chu, roughly corresponding with present-day Hubei


劉宋

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ sʊŋ³³/

/lau²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

/lau¹³⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/lɐu̯²¹ sʊŋ³³/

/lau²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/

/lau¹³⁻²² sɔŋ²¹/


小蠻腰

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ män³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ maːn²¹ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ män³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ maːn²¹ jiːu̯⁵⁵/


通典

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


金瓶梅

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄟˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄟˊ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

The Plum in the Golden Vase, a Ming dynasty novel


甌江

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Ou River, a river in the Zhejiang province of eastern China


蘇珊娜

/su⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/su⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English female given name Susannah


碧雲寺

/pɪk̚⁵ wɐn²¹ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/pɪk̚⁵ wɐn²¹ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

Temple of Azure Clouds, a Yuan Dynasty-era temple in Beijing, China


龍目島

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄠˇ

/lʊŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ mʊk̚² tou̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ mʊk̚² tou̯³⁵/

West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara#English

Lombok (an island of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia)


川壙

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ kʷʰɔːŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ kʷʰɔːŋ³³/

Xiangkhouang Province
w:Xiangkhouang Province

(～省) Xiangkhouang Province (a province in northeastern Laos)


延邊朝鮮族自治州

ㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Яньбянь Чаосяньцзу Цзычжичжоу

/jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

jin⁴ bin¹ dziu¹ sin¹ dzuk⁹ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ dzau¹

/jiːn²¹ piːn⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
w:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Jilin, China)


延邊

→ English: Yanbian, Yenpien, Yen-pien

/jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Literally, “the border area of Yanji (延吉)”. Attested in 吉林地誌 [1913].

lit

～朝鮮族自治州 延邊朝鮮族自治州#Chinese

(～朝鮮族自治州) Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture of Jilin, China)


中方

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃²¹/

(～縣) Zhongfang County (a county of Hunan, China)


月港

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historical) Yuegang, a historical seaport situated at the estuary of the Jiulong River in Zhangzhou, Fujian, China, known as a smuggling hub since during the Ming dynasty


龍海

/lʊŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

From the names of the former counties 龍溪／龙溪 (Lóngxī) and 海澄 (Hǎichéng) that were merged to form Longhai.

zh-l

龍溪／龙溪 (Lóngxī)

(～區, formerly ～市; ～縣) Longhai (a district of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China; a former county-level city and county)


馬加智

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ ti⁴¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ ti⁴¹/

(Philippines) (～市) Makati (a city in Metro Manila, Philippines)


計順

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

Borrowed from English Quezon via Hokkien, where Quezon comes from the surname of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon, which is from Spanish Quezon, which is from Hokkien. (See also Tagalog Tuazon, Dizon, Lacson, Tiongson, etc.).

(Philippines) (～市) Quezon City (a city in Metro Manila, Philippines)

(Philippines) (～省) Quezon (a province of the Philippines)


嘎斯

/kä³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kä³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


日喀則

→ English: Jih-k'a-tse

/ʐ̩⁵¹ kʰä⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² kʰaː³³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/jɐt̚² haːk̚³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ kʰä⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² kʰaː³³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/jɐt̚² haːk̚³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse).

(～市, formerly ～地區, ～專區) Shigatse, Xigazê (a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China; formerly a prefecture)

(historical) (～市, ～縣) Shigatse, Xigazê (a former county-level city and county in Shigatse prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; now Samzhubzê District of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse)


石嘴山

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɵy̯³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɵy̯³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Shizuishan (a prefecture-level city of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


吳忠

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Wuzhong (a prefecture-level city of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


固原

→ English: Guyuan, Kuyuan

/ku⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ku⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～市) Guyuan (a prefecture-level city of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


中衛

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²/

(～市) Zhongwei (a prefecture-level city of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


青銅峽

→ English: Qingtongxia

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ haːp̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ haːp̚²/

(～市) Qingtongxia (a county-level city of Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


靈武

/liŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ¹³ mou̯¹³/

/liŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ¹³ mou̯¹³/

(～市) Lingwu (a county-level city of Yinchuan, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


竹書紀年

ㄓㄨˊ ㄕㄨ ㄐㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

ㄓㄨˊ ㄕㄨ ㄐㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

Чжушу Цзинянь

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ syː⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵ niːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ syː⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵ niːn²¹/

the Bamboo Annals (chronicle of ancient China)


竹書

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

竹書紀年 竹書紀年#Chinese

竹书纪年 竹书纪年#Chinese

short for 竹書紀年／竹书纪年 (Zhúshū Jìnián, “the Bamboo Annals”)


卡拉布里亞

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

administrative region
administrative region

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


豐田

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ tiɛn²⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊田(とよた) (Toyota).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 豐田, Toyota; or of 豐田, Toyoda

(～市) Toyota (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


連灣

/li̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

Lianwan (連灣山), an island in the Pearl River Delta

Lianwan (連灣街道), a subdistrict of Huludao, Liaoning

Lianwan (連灣村), a village in Anhua County, Hunan


文灣

/wən³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

Wenwan (文灣山), an island in the Pearl River Delta


浪白澳

/lɑŋ⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɑŋ⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(historical) Lampacau, a former island in the Pearl River Delta


浪白竈

/lɑŋ⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɑŋ⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/


浪白滘

ㄌㄤˋ ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄌㄤˋ ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

/lɑŋ⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɑŋ⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/


穗城

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

(literary) "Rice City", a nickname of Guangzhou (廣州 /广州 (Guǎngzhōu))


花城

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(literary) "City of Flowers", a nickname of Guangzhou (廣州)


仙城

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(literary) "City of the Immortals", a nickname of Guangzhou


興王

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

(historical) Xingwang, a former name of Guangzhou (廣州) during the Southern Han

(historical) Xingwang Prefecture, its hinterland.


省城

/ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saːŋ³⁵ sɛːŋ²¹/

/sen²⁴⁻³³ ʃaŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛn³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siã²³/

/sẽ⁵²⁻³⁵ sĩã⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saːŋ³⁵ sɛːŋ²¹/

/sen²⁴⁻³³ ʃaŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛn³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siã²³/

/sẽ⁵²⁻³⁵ sĩã⁵⁵/

1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “調”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 546:

zia² si⁶ sim⁶ mih⁴ kiên¹ diou⁷? sên² sian⁵ diou⁷.

這是甚麼腔調？省城調。

这是什么腔调？省城调。

(Guangdong, specifically, dated) Guangzhou


烏海

/u⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Blend of 烏達 /乌达 (Wūdá) + 海勃灣 /海勃湾 (Hǎibówān).

blend

(～市) Wuhai (a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


通遼

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～市) Tongliao (a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


呼倫貝爾

ㄏㄨ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ

ㄏㄨ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ

/xu⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ puːi̯³³ jiː¹³/

/xu⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ puːi̯³³ jiː¹³/

Transliteration of Manchu ᡥᡠᠯᡠᠨ
ᠪᡠᡳᡵ (hulun buir), from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨ
ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ (kölün buyir). Named after 呼倫／呼伦 (Hūlún) and 貝爾／贝尔 (Bèi'ěr), the names of two lakes in that region.

zh-l

呼倫／呼伦 (Hūlún)

貝爾／贝尔 (Bèi'ěr)

(～市, formerly ～盟) Hulunbuir (a prefecture-level city and former league in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


巴彥淖爾

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄋㄠˋ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄋㄠˋ ㄦˇ

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ nɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² naːu̯²² jiː¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ nɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² naːu̯²² jiː¹³/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (bayannaɣur).

(～市) Bayannur (a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


霍林郭勒

ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄌㄜˋ

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ lin³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/fɔːk̚³ lɐm²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ lin³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/fɔːk̚³ lɐm²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠬᠤᠤᠯᠢᠩᠭᠤᠤᠯ (quulingɣuul), taken from the name of the Holin River; traditionally thought to be derived from ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ (qoɣulan, “food to be eaten”) + ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ɣool, “river”), in reference to the river being historically used for rest and recuperation. Alternatively, possibly from the cognate term ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠᠶ (qoɣulay, “channel; waterway”).

(～市) Holingol (a county-level city of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


滿洲里

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

Phono-semantic matching of Russian Манжули (Manžuli), akin to English Manchuria.

psm

(～市) Manzhouli (a county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


牙克石

/jä³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ŋaː²¹ hɐk̚⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/jä³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ŋaː²¹ hɐk̚⁵ sɛːk̚²/

(～市) Yakeshi (a county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


扎蘭屯

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ län³⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ län³⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

(～市) Zhalantun (a city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


根河

/kən⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kən⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

(～市) Genhe (a city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


豐鎮

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

(～市) Fengzhen (a city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


錫林浩特

ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄒㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/ɕi⁵⁵ lin³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ɕi³⁵ lin³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚³ lɐm²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ lin³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ɕi³⁵ lin³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚³ lɐm²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

(～市) Xilinhot (a county-level city of Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


二連浩特

ㄦˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄦˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/jiː²² liːn²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/jiː²² liːn²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠡ
ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (eriyee qota).

(～市) Erenhot (a county-level city of Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


烏蘭浩特

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

Transliteration of Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ (ulaɣanqota, literally “Red City”)

translit

(～市) Ulanhot (a county-level city of Hinggan, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


阿爾山

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

The full name for the city is 阿倫阿爾山／阿伦阿尔山 (Ālún Ā'ěrshān), a transcription of Mongolian ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ
ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ (qalaɣun rasiyan, literally “hot holy water”).
The Mongolian name is composed of native ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ (qalaɣun, “hot”) + non-native ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ (rasiyan, “holy water, spring”). The latter, which corresponds to Chinese 阿爾山／阿尔山 (Ā'ěrshān), was loaned from Sanskrit रसायन (rasāyana, “elixir”).

zh-l

阿倫阿爾山／阿伦阿尔山 (Ālún Ā'ěrshān)

der

ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ

zh-l

阿爾山／阿尔山 (Ā'ěrshān)

(～市) Arxan (a county-level city of Hinggan, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


哀牢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (哀牢):
* → Vietnamese: Ai Lao (哀牢)

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

(historical) Ailao, an ancient state in modern-day Yunnan province (of China) and Burma


光州

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～廣域市, ～市) Gwangju (a metropolitan city of South Korea)

(historical) Guangzhou (a historical prefecture of China, whose capital was located in present-day Huangchuan county, Henan)


雙子座

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/


大日如來

Sino-Xenic (大日如來):
* → Japanese: 大日如来(だいにちにょらい) (dainichi nyorai)
* → Korean: 대일여래(大日如來) (daeiryeorae)

ㄉㄚˋ ㄖˋ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄖˋ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/


中央情報局

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄧㄤ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄅㄠˋ ㄐㄩˊ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄧㄤ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄅㄠˋ ㄐㄩˊ

Чжунъян Цинбаоцзюй

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³ kʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy³⁵/


尼斯

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


兒童節

ㄦˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄦˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/zi²³⁻³³ tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/d͡zi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

/ɦəl²² doŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/əl⁵⁵ doŋ³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/zi²³⁻³³ tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/d͡zi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

/ɦəl²² doŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/əl⁵⁵ doŋ³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/


阿波羅

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

阿波羅13號

阿波罗13号


韓江

/xän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/han¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/xän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/han¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/


亞伯蘭

/jä⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ län³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ län³⁵/

/aː³³ paːk̚³ laːn²¹/

/a⁴²⁻¹¹ pɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ laŋ¹³/

/a⁴²⁻²¹ pɛʔ²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³/

/jä⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ län³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ län³⁵/

/aː³³ paːk̚³ laːn²¹/

/a⁴²⁻¹¹ pɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ laŋ¹³/

/a⁴²⁻²¹ pɛʔ²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³/


元古代

/ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/


摩星

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～嶺) Moxing, a peak in Guangzhou's Baiyun Range


白雲

/paɪ̯³⁵ yn³⁵/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³/

/peʔ⁴⁻² huŋ⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ yn³⁵/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³/

/peʔ⁴⁻² huŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Baiyun (a district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～區) Baiyun (a district of Guiyang, Guizhou, China)

(～山) Baiyun Mountain (a mountain range in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

白雲鄂博 白雲鄂博#Chinese

白云鄂博 白云鄂博#Chinese

(～礦區) short for 白雲鄂博／白云鄂博 (Báiyún Èbó, “Bayan Obo”)

(～村) Baiyun (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


雲山

/yn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Alternative name for 白雲山 (“Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou, China”).


南嶺

desc

→ English: Nan Mountains (partial calque)

/nän³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵⁵⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ niã⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ niã⁴¹/

/nän³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵⁵⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ niã⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ niã⁴¹/

(～山脈) the Nanling Mountains, the northern boundary of Guangdong, China

(～村) Nanling (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


靈長目

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄇㄨˋ

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄇㄨˋ

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ mʊk̚²/

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵ mʊk̚²/


大庾

/tä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jyː¹³/

/tä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jyː¹³/

(～嶺) The Dayu Mountains , the southern end of the Nanling range in northern Guangdong


夢溪筆談

ㄇㄥˋ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ ㄊㄢˊ

ㄇㄥˋ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄧˇ ㄊㄢˊ

Мэн Си Битань

/mɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän³⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän³⁵/

Dream Pool Essays (Song dynasty classic)


普陀

→ English: Pootoo

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔː²¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to¹³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔː²¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to¹³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³/

Borrowed from Sanskrit पोतलक (potalaka).

(～山) Mount Putuo (an island and mountain in Putuo district, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Putuo (a district of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Putuo (a district of Shanghai, China)


殷墟

/jɐn⁵⁵ hɵy̯⁵⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ hɵy̯⁵⁵/

Yinxu (ruins of the last capital of the Shang dynasty)


左傳

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ t͡syːn²²/

/t͡so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan⁴¹/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ t͡syːn²²/

/t͡so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan⁴¹/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

Zuo zhuan (ancient Chinese chronicle covering 722-468 BC)


榕城

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/yŋ⁵³⁻³³ siaŋ⁵³/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/yŋ⁵³⁻³³ siaŋ⁵³/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

(poetic) Alternative name for 福州 (Fúzhōu, “Fuzhou, Fujian”).

(～區) Rongcheng (a district of Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


福清

→ English: Fooching, Fuching, Fu-ch'ing, Fuqing, Futsing, Hokchia, Hokchiang

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sʰia⁵³³/

/hɒʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiã⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sʰia⁵³³/

/hɒʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiã⁴⁴/

(～市) Fuqing (a county-level city of Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


融城

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/hyŋ⁵³⁻³³ siaŋ⁵³/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/hyŋ⁵³⁻³³ siaŋ⁵³/

(poetic) Alternative name for 福清 (Fúqīng, “Fuqing, Fuzhou”).


阿彌陀如來

ㄜ ㄇㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

ㄚ ㄇㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

ㄜ ㄇㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ mi³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

ㄚ ㄇㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄞˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ mi³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/ɔː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ tʰɔː²¹ jyː²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ mi³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mi³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/ɔː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ tʰɔː²¹ jyː²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

Amida Nyorai: the Western Buddha, Amitābha, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


中國工農紅軍

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ

Чжунго Гуннун Хунцзюнь

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

(military, historical) Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army


工農

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ²¹/

(～社區) Gongnong (a community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


小熊

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/


瓦特

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋaː¹³ tɐk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋaː¹³ tɐk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/


周南

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～市) Shūnan (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


象牙海岸共和國

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄧㄚˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄧㄚˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Сянъя Хайань Гунхэго

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ jä³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

dzoeng⁶ ngaa⁴ hoi² ngon⁶ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

/t͡sœːŋ²² ŋaː²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²² kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire#English:_Q1008

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (official name of Ivory Coast: a country in West Africa)


科特迪瓦共和國

ㄎㄜ ㄊㄜˋ ㄉㄧˊ ㄨㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄎㄜ ㄊㄜˋ ㄉㄧˊ ㄨㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Кэтэдива Гунхэго

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ti³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² tɪk̚² ŋaː¹³ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/kʰə³³ tiak̚²⁴⁻² tiak̚²⁴⁻² ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire


巢湖

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːu̯²¹ wuː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːu̯²¹ wuː²¹/

(～市) Chaohu (a county-level city of Hefei, Anhui, China)


萬全

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

(～區) Wanquan (a district of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)

(～鎮) Wanquan (a town in Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Wanquan (a community in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) Wanquan (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～漁場) Wanquan (a fishery in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


昴宿星團

ㄇㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

ㄇㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

Маосю синтуань

/mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ sɐu̯³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ sɐu̯³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/


七姊妹星團

ㄑㄧ ㄗˇ ㄇㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

ㄑㄧ ㄗˇ ㄇㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

Ци Цзымэй синтуань

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²² sɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/


伶仃

/liŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～洋) Lingdingyang (bay near the estuary of the Pearl River in China)

Nei Lingding Island (island in the Pearl River estuary)

Wai Lingding Island (island in Guangdong's Wanshan Archipelago)


八尾

/pä⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八尾 (Yao).

obor

(～市) Yao (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


紐芬蘭

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fən⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/nɐu̯¹³ fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/nɐu̯³⁵ fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fən⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/nɐu̯¹³ fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/nɐu̯³⁵ fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Newfoundland (a large island of the coast of eastern Canada, part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador)


紐芬蘭與拉布拉多

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄈㄣ ㄌㄢˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

nau⁵ fan¹ laan⁴ jyu⁵ laai¹ bou³ laai¹ do¹

nau² fan¹ laan⁴ jyu⁵ laai¹ bou³ laai¹ do¹

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄈㄣ ㄌㄢˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

Нюфэньлань юй Лабуладо

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

nau⁵ fan¹ laan⁴ jy⁵ laai¹ bou³ laai¹ do¹

nau² fan¹ laan⁴ jy⁵ laai¹ bou³ laai¹ do¹

/nɐu̯¹³ fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ jyː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ jyː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Calque of English Newfoundland and Labrador.

calque

Newfoundland and Labrador (a province in eastern Canada)


拉布拉多

ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

/lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Labrador (a geographic region, the mainland portion of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, in eastern Canada)

Labrador Peninsula
Labrador Peninsula#English

Labrador (a peninsula including the province of Newfoundland and Labrador as well as the northern three-fourths of Quebec; in full, the Labrador Peninsula)

Labrador Sea
Labrador Sea#English:_Q184189

Labrador Sea (an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between Greenland and Labrador)

Labrador (a municipality and town in Pangasinan, Philippines)


行在

→ English: Cansay, Quinsay

/ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

Short for 行在所, used out of hope that the northern empire would be recovered shortly and the imperial court returned to the former Song capital at Bianjing (now Kaifeng).

(historical, euphemistic) Xingzai ("Temporary Residence"), a former nickname of Lin'an (now Hangzhou) when it was the capital of the Southern Song dynasty.


無為

/u³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/mou̯²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bu¹³⁻²² ui¹³/

/bo¹³⁻²² ui¹³/

/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ ui²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ ui²⁴/

/bu²³⁻³³ ui²³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ ui²³/

/m̩²² ɦue⁴⁴/

/u³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/mou̯²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/bu¹³⁻²² ui¹³/

/bo¹³⁻²² ui¹³/

/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ ui²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ ui²⁴/

/bu²³⁻³³ ui²³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ ui²³/

/m̩²² ɦue⁴⁴/

(～市) Wuwei (a county-level city of Wuhu, Anhui, China)


馬爾地夫

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄈㄨ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄈㄨ

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tei̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tei̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


回回教

ㄏㄨㄟˊ ˙ㄏㄨㄟ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

Хуэйхуэйцзяо

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xuɛi²⁴ xuɛi⁵¹ t͡ɕiɔː⁴⁴/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹⁻³⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/hue²³⁻³³ hue²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ he²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ka²¹³/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xuɛi²⁴ xuɛi⁵¹ t͡ɕiɔː⁴⁴/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹⁻³⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/hue²³⁻³³ hue²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ he²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ka²¹³/

Alternative name for 回教 (Huíjiào, “Islam”).

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


回回

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(obsolete) Alternative name for 回鶻／回鹘 (Huíhú).


按出虎

/ˀän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

A medieval transcription of the Jurchen name meaning "Gold River". (Elsewhere, the Jurchen word for gold is transcribed as *按春 (MC 'anH tsyhwin).)

(historical) former name of 阿什 (Āshí): the Ashi River within modern Harbin Municipality in Heilongjiang, China


阿什

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～河) The Ashi River, a tributary of the Songhua in Manchuria.


以斯拉記

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kei̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

i³ so¹ la¹ gi⁴ [Phonetic:i² so² la¹ gi⁴]

/i⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo⁵³³⁻¹³ la⁵³³ ki⁴²/

/i³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ la⁵⁴⁴ ki⁴²/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kei̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo⁵³³⁻¹³ la⁵³³ ki⁴²/

/i³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ la⁵⁴⁴ ki⁴²/

(Protestantism) Ezra (book of the Bible)


以斯拉

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su³³ laʔ²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ¹²¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ laʔ⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ laʔ⁴/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su³³ laʔ²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² laʔ¹²¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ laʔ⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ laʔ⁴/


希羅多德

ㄒㄧ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄒㄧ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄉㄜˊ

/ɕi⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/hei̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ tɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/hei̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ tɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/


尼希米記

ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄧˇ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄧˇ ㄐㄧˋ

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ hei̯⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ kei̯³³/

/nˡɛ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁵⁵⁻⁵³ mi³³ kɛi²¹³/

ni² hi¹ bi³ gi⁴ [Phonetic:ni⁵ hi⁵ bi³ gi⁴]

/ni¹³⁻¹¹ hi⁵³³⁻¹¹ pi⁴⁵³ ki⁴²/

/ni²⁴⁻²¹ hi⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pi³³² ki⁴²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki¹¹/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ hei̯⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ kei̯³³/

/nˡɛ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁵⁵⁻⁵³ mi³³ kɛi²¹³/

/ni¹³⁻¹¹ hi⁵³³⁻¹¹ pi⁴⁵³ ki⁴²/

/ni²⁴⁻²¹ hi⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pi³³² ki⁴²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki¹¹/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki²¹/

(Protestantism) Nehemiah (book of the Bible)


尼希米

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ hei̯⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³/

/nˡɛ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁵⁵⁻⁵³ mi³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi³³ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁵³/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴¹/

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ hei̯⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³/

/nˡɛ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁵⁵⁻⁵³ mi³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² hi³³ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² hi⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁵³/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴¹/

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew נְחֶמְיָה.


貝里斯

/peɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/puːi̯³³ lei̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/

/pi⁵⁵ li²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/puːi̯³³ lei̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/

/pi⁵⁵ li²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴/


貝南

/peɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/


厄瓜多

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɐk̚⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/aːk̚⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɐk̚⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/aːk̚⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/


以斯帖記

ㄧˇ ㄙ ㄊㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄧˇ ㄙ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄐㄧˋ

ㄧˇ ㄙ ㄊㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˋ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

ㄧˇ ㄙ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄐㄧˋ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ tʰiːp̚³ kei̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚² ki⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚² ki⁵⁵/

i³ so¹ tieh⁶ gi⁴ [Phonetic:i² so² tieh⁶ gi⁴]

/i⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo⁵³³⁻¹³ tʰiɛʔ²¹ ki⁴²/

/i³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛʔ² ki⁴²/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ tʰiːp̚³ kei̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚² ki⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚² ki⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo⁵³³⁻¹³ tʰiɛʔ²¹ ki⁴²/

/i³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛʔ² ki⁴²/

(Protestantism) Esther (book of the Bible)


吐瓦魯

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³³ ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³³ ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³/

(Taiwan) Tuvalu (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


東加

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Tonga (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


坦尚尼亞

ㄊㄢˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄊㄢˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːn³⁵ sœːŋ²² nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːn³⁵ sœːŋ²² nei̯²¹ aː³³/


塞席爾

/sɤ⁵¹ ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚² jiː¹³/

/sɤ⁵¹ ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐk̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚² jiː¹³/


卡達

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/


帛琉

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

Borrowed from English Palau, from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

(Taiwan) Palau (a country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


梅瑟

/meɪ̯³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/muːi̯²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² siak̚⁵/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/muĩ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/bue²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/meɪ̯³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/muːi̯²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² siak̚⁵/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/muĩ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/bue²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/


莫三比克

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄢ ㄅㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄢ ㄅㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚² saːm⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚² saːm⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

(Taiwan) Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


以斯帖

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ tʰiːp̚³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚²/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiap̚³²/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su³³ tʰiap̚⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiap̚³²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiap̚³²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiap̚³²/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ tʰiːp̚³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚²/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰi̯ap̚²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiap̚³²/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ su³³ tʰiap̚⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiap̚³²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiap̚³²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiap̚³²/


約伯記

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ paːk̚³ kei̯³³/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻²¹ pɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɛi²¹³/

yorh⁶ beh⁶ gi⁴ [Phonetic:yorh⁴ beh⁶ gi⁴]

/yɒʔ²¹⁻⁴² pɛʔ²¹ ki⁴²/

yoeh⁶ beh⁶ gi⁴ [Phonetic:yoeh⁷ beh⁶ gi⁴]

/yøʔ²⁻⁴ pɛʔ² ki⁴²/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁵ piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ki²¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki¹¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ paːk̚³ kei̯³³/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻²¹ pɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɛi²¹³/

/yɒʔ²¹⁻⁴² pɛʔ²¹ ki⁴²/

/yøʔ²⁻⁴ pɛʔ² ki⁴²/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁵ piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ki²¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki¹¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/


約伯

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ paːk̚³/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ paiʔ²⁴/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ piak̚⁵/

/iak̚³²⁻⁵ piɪk̚³²/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ paːk̚³/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ paiʔ²⁴/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ piɪk̚³²/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ piak̚⁵/

/iak̚³²⁻⁵ piɪk̚³²/


斯坦

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/


斯坦

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/


人行

/ʐən³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ hɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ hɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

short for 人民銀行／人民银行 (Rénmín Yínháng, “People's Bank of China”)


大禹治水

ㄉㄚˋ ㄩˇ ㄓˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄩˇ ㄓˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ

/tä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jyː¹³ t͡siː²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jyː¹³ t͡siː²² sɵy̯³⁵/

“Great Yu controls the flood”, a legendary event said to underlie the founding of the Xia Dynasty, the earliest dynasty of China.


理智

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ ti²¹³/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ ti²¹³/

(～村) Lizhi (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


丘比特

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Cubitt


里約

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/lei̯¹³ jœːk̚³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/lei̯¹³ jœːk̚³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚³²/

里約熱內盧 里約熱內盧#Chinese

里约热内卢 里约热内卢#Chinese

short for 里約熱內盧／里约热内卢 (Lǐyuē Rènèilú, “Rio; Rio de Janeiro”)


蘇格拉底

ㄙㄨ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˇ

ㄙㄨ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˇ

/su⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯³⁵/

/su⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯³⁵/

Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher and surname)


新黨

/ɕin⁵⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/


太平御覽

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩˋ ㄌㄢˇ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩˋ ㄌㄢˇ

Тайпин Юйлань

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ y⁵¹ län²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ y⁵¹ län²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Taiping Yulan, ancient Chinese encyclopedia, compiled 977-983


南島語系

ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˇ ㄩˇ ㄒㄧˋ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˇ ㄩˇ ㄒㄧˋ

Наньдао юйси

/nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ tou̯³⁵ jyː¹³ hɐi̯²²/

/lam²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ he³³/

/nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ tou̯³⁵ jyː¹³ hɐi̯²²/

/lam²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ he³³/


興化

→ English: Xinghua, Hinghwa, Henghua

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/

/hiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/hiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁴²/

/hiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁴²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/

/hiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/hiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁴²/

/hiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁴²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Xinghua (a county-level city of Taizhou, Jiangsu, China, formerly a county)

(～軍, ～路, ～府) (historical) Xinghua; Hinghwa (various administrative divisions corresponding to modern-day Putian, Fujian, China)

(～縣) (historical) Xinghua (a county in modern-day Putian, Fujian, China)


喬治亞

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² aː³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² aː³³/

(Taiwan) Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(～州) (Taiwan) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


伏牛

/fu³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/fu³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

(～山) The Funiu Mountains, an eastern extension of the Qins south of the Yellow River as it enters the North China Plain.


嶓冢

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～山) Bozhong Mountain in Shaanxi, China, the source of the Han River.


鮒愚

synonym of 嶓冢山 (Bōzhǒng shān), Mount Bozhong, a mountain in Shaanxi province.


漢王

/xän⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/xän⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

synonym of 嶓冢山 (“Mount Bozhong, a mountain in Shaanxi province which is the source of the headwaters of the Han River”)


嘉陵

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/ka³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/ka³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

(～江) The Jialing River in Sichuan, whose confluence with the Yangtze is the site of Chongqing.


艾絲特

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


浦姑

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku⁵⁵/

(historical) The people, state, and settlement of Pugu, counted among the Eastern Barbarians (東夷) and said to have been destroyed shortly after the rise of the Zhou, with their lands incorporated into the march of Qi (齊).


蒲姑

(historical) Alternative name for 浦姑 (Pǔgū): a people, state, and settlement of ancient China.


蒲古

/pʰu³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


薄古

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


薄姑

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


浮圖

/fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/


大笨象

/taːi̯²² pɐn²² t͡sœːŋ²²/

/taːi̯²² pɐn²² t͡sœːŋ²²/

All the large American banks have passed the pressure test from the Federal Reserve System, and the “Magic Flute” [Morgan Stanley] just so happened to increase its target price to $84, causing the Elephant’s share price to skyrocket.

2017 June 30, 劉美儀, 大摩調高目標價 睇84元 滙控飆6% 近8年最勁

mei⁵ gwok³ daai⁶ jing⁴ ngan⁴ hong⁴ gwan¹ tung¹ gwo³ lyun⁴ cyu⁵ guk⁶⁻² aat³ lik⁶ cak¹ si³, jau⁶ sik¹ fung⁴ “mo¹ dek⁶” soeng⁶ tiu⁴ muk⁶ biu¹ gaa³ zi³ 84 jyun⁴, ling⁶ daai⁶ ban⁶ zoeng⁶ gu² gaa³ hei² fei¹.

美國大型銀行均通過聯儲局壓力測試，又適逢「摩笛」上調目標價至84元，令大笨象股價起飛。

美国大型银行均通过联储局压力测试，又适逢「摩笛」上调目标价至84元，令大笨象股价起飞。

(Hong Kong Cantonese, finance, nickname) HSBC Holdings


吉布地

/t͡ɕi³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

(Taiwan) Djibouti (a country in East Africa)

(Taiwan) Djibouti (the capital city of Djibouti)


楚辭

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

The Songs of Chu (anthology of Chinese poetry from the Warring States period)


契哥

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐi̯³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐi̯³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) Russia


龍鳳

/lʊŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ fʊŋ²²/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ fuŋ⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ³³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ fʊŋ²²/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ fuŋ⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ³³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ³³/

(～鎮) Longfeng (a town in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(historical) the Longfeng era (a Chinese era name; the era of Han Lin'er as emperor of Han Song, from 1355 to 1366)


齋堂

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Zhaitang (a town in Mentougou district, Beijing, China)


太歲

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɵy̯³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɵy̯³³/

(astronomy, astrology) the twelve or (later) sixty stars considered to oppose Jupiter during its roughly twelve year orbital cycle

(mythology, religion) the twelve or sixty gods personifying these stars and considered to control each year of the cycle, (particularly) the god of the current year


塞薩洛尼基

ㄙㄞˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧ

Сайсалоницзи

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Greek Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníki).

bor+

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia#English

Thessaloniki (a port city, the capital of Central Macedonia, in northern Greece)


歲星

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/


屯留

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰyːn²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

/sɵn²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰyːn²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

/sɵn²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

(～縣) Tunliu (a county of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)


貓本

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(neologism, slang, humorous, chiefly in Australia) Melbourne (a city, the state capital of Victoria, Australia)


阿南

/ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阿南 (Anan).

obor

(～市) Anan (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


米蘭

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/


米蘭

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/


米蘭

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/

(historical) Miran (ancient oasis town in Xinjiang)


上沃爾特

ㄕㄤˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄕㄤˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄊㄜˋ

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² jʊk̚⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² jʊk̚⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚²/

Upper Volta (former name of Burkina Faso: a country in West Africa, used from 1958-1984)


上伏塔

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly Taiwan) Upper Volta (former name of Burkina Faso: a country in West Africa, used from 1958-1984)


華夷

/xu̯ä³⁵ i³⁵/

/waː²¹ jiː²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ i³⁵/

/waː²¹ jiː²¹/


天龍

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 天(てん)竜(りゅう) (Tenryū).

(Classifier: 區／区) Tenryū (a district of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


盛唐

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

Emperor Xuanzong
w:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

(poetry, historical) High Tang; Flourishing Tang; Golden Tang (713–755; the golden era in Tang poetry, the period from the Kaiyuan era to the Tianbao era of Emperor Xuanzong)


朱迪亞

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ti³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ti³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ tɪk̚² aː³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ti³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ti³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ tɪk̚² aː³³/


鳥栖

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鳥栖 (Tosu).

(～市) Tosu (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


上元

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² jyːn²¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ɡuan²³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan¹³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² jyːn²¹/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ɡuan²³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan¹³/

Chinese calendar
Chinese calendar#English

Lantern Festival (fifteenth of the first month in the Chinese calendar)


上水

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ suɪ³¹/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ suɪ³¹/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/sœːŋ²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/ˈsɔŋ¹¹ sui²¹³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/ˈsɔŋ¹¹ sui²¹³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯¹/

/sœːŋ²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiũ²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻¹² t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiũ²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiũ²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻¹² t͡sui⁵³/


上山下鄉

ㄕㄤˋ ㄕㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄤ

ㄕㄤˋ ㄕㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄤ

Шаншаньсясян

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵ haː²² hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵ haː²² hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement


磐石

/pʰän³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/pua¹³⁻¹¹ ɬieu¹³/

/pũã²⁴⁻²¹ ɬieu²⁴/

/puã²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/puã²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/puã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/puã¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/puan¹³⁻²² siɪk̚¹²¹/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² sit̚²⁴/

/pʰän³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/pua¹³⁻¹¹ ɬieu¹³/

/pũã²⁴⁻²¹ ɬieu²⁴/

/puã²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/puã²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/puã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/puã¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/puan¹³⁻²² siɪk̚¹²¹/

/pʰuan²⁴⁻²² sit̚²⁴/

(～市) Panshi (a county-level city of Jilin City, Jilin, China)


松口

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiʊŋ¹¹ kʰeu³¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiʊŋ¹¹ kʰeu³¹/

For pronunciation and definitions of 松口 – see 鬆口 (“to relax one's bite; to loosen up; to stop insisting”).
(This term is the simplified form of 鬆口).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

(～鎮) Songkou (a town in Meixian district, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


福爾摩斯

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˊ ㄙ

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ jiː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² su³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ jiː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² su³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English Holmes, with influence from Xiamen Hokkien in the translation by Huang Ding (黃鼎) and Zhang Zaixin (張在新). Initially in the form 福而摩司 [1902], changed to the current form in 《續包探案》 [1903].

Sherlock Holmes (fictional detective in the novels by Arthur Conan Doyle)


金三胖

Цзиньсаньпан

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵¹/

(neologism, slang, humorous, derogatory) Kim Jong-un


阿克賽欽

ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄑㄧㄣ

ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄑㄧㄣ

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

Aksai Chin (disputed area between China and India)

(～湖) Aksai Chin, Aksayqin (a lake in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, part of the disputed Aksai Chin)


伯婆

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ pʰɔː²¹/

/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ po¹³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ pʰɔː²¹/

/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ po¹³/


布達拉宮

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ

/pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ taːt̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ taːt̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

From Tibetan པོ་ཏ་ལ (po ta la) + Chinese 宮／宫 (gōng).

1994, Zheng Jun, “回到拉薩 [Returning to Lhasa]”, in 赤裸裸 [chìluǒluǒ, Naked], 紅星生產社 [Red Star Productions]:

I returned to Lhasa / I returned to the Potala Palace

回到拉薩/回到了布達拉宮

回到拉萨/回到了布达拉宫

Potala Palace (chief residence of the Dalai Lama in Lhasa)


屈臣

Chʻü¹-chʻên²

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/wɐt̚⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/wɐt̚⁵ sɐn²¹/


上尾

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² bə⁵⁵⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ be⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ be⁵³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ bue⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ bue⁴¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² bə⁵⁵⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ be⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ be⁵³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ bue⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ bue⁴¹/

(～市) Ageo (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


阿勒頗

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɐk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/

/aː³³ laːk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɐk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/

/aː³³ laːk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/


吉打

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taː³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taː³⁵/


波斯國

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/


額爾德尼

ㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/ˀɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ni³⁵/

/ˀɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ni³⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠨᡳ (erdeni), from Middle Mongol ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ (erdeni, “precious, gem, jewel”).

der

The title granted to the 5th Panchen Lama by the Qing dynasty in 1713, which is inherited by successive Panchen Lamas since then.

ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ#Mongolian

A transliteration of the Mongolian male given name ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ (erdeni)


以賽亞書

ㄧˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄨ

ㄧˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄕㄨ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ aː³³ syː⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/i³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lui²¹³⁽⁻²¹⁾ a³³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒy⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ aː³³ syː⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

(Protestantism) Isaiah (book of the Bible)


以賽亞

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ aː³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lui²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ a³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁴¹ a⁴⁴/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ aː³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soi̯⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lui²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ a³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁴¹ a⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠσαΐας (Ēsaḯas).


耶利米

/jɛ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛː²¹ lei̯²² mɐi̯¹³/

/ia⁵³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ mi³³/

/ia²⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹⁻²² bi⁵⁵⁴/

/ia¹³⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²³⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ bi⁴¹/

/jɛ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛː²¹ lei̯²² mɐi̯¹³/

/ia⁵³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ mi³³/

/ia²⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹⁻²² bi⁵⁵⁴/

/ia¹³⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²³⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ bi⁴¹/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías).


耶利米書

ㄧㄝ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄕㄨ

ㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄕㄨ

/jɛ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ lei̯²² mɐi̯¹³ syː⁵⁵/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ mi³¹ su²⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁽⁻²¹⁾ mi³³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒy⁵⁵/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²³⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ bi⁴¹/

/jɛ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ lei̯²² mɐi̯¹³ syː⁵⁵/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ mi³¹ su²⁴/

/ia²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³⁻¹¹ bi⁵³/

/ia²³⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ bi⁴¹/

(Protestantism) Jeremiah (book of the Bible)


耶利米哀歌

ㄧㄝ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄞ ㄍㄜ

ㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄞ ㄍㄜ

/jɛ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ lei̯²² mɐi̯¹³ ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ mi³¹ oi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ mi³¹ oi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ mi³³ ai⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/jɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ lei̯²² mɐi̯¹³ ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ mi³¹ oi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ mi³¹ oi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵³ mi³³ ai⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/


以西結書

ㄧˇ ㄒㄧ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄕㄨ

ㄧˇ ㄒㄧ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄕㄨ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kiːt̚³ syː⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴ ki̯et̚² su²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sy⁵⁵/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/jiː¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kiːt̚³ syː⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴ ki̯et̚² su²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

(Protestantism) Ezekiel (book of the Bible)


以西結

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kiːt̚³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴ ki̯et̚²/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛʔ²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ se³³ kiɛt̚⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kiːt̚³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴ ki̯et̚²/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛʔ²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ se³³ kiɛt̚⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰεζεκιήλ (Iezekiḗl).


上新世

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/


樂正

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/


上皇

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/


珠崖

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jä³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ ŋaːi̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jä³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ ŋaːi̯²¹/

Traditionally thought to be named for the pearls produced on the seaside cliffs in the area. However, the first syllable 珠 (zhū) appears to be a Kra-Dai prefix in toponyms. Compare 朱盧／朱卢 (“a county under Hepu commandery during the Han dynasty”), 珠官 (“a county under Zhuya commandery in Eastern Wu”) and 朱豐／朱丰 (“a county under Hepu commandery during the Southern Qi”).

zh-l

(～郡) (historical) Zhuya (a commandery located in Hainan during 110–46 BCE of the Western Han, and re-established in 610 CE during the Sui dynasty)

(～郡) (historical) Zhuya (a commandery located on Leizhou Peninsula established by the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period)


墾丁

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Kenting (a national park in Pingtung, Taiwan)


恆春

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Hengchun (an urban township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


黃埔

→ English: Huangpu, Whampoa

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pou̯³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² pʰu⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pou̯³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² pʰu⁴⁴/

(～區) Huangpu (a district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

Whampoa (an area of Kowloon City district, Kowloon, Hong Kong)


富良野

ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄝˇ

/fu⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː³³ lœːŋ²¹ jɛː¹³/

/fu⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː³³ lœːŋ²¹ jɛː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富良野 (Furano).

obor

(～市) Furano (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


山丹

/ʂän⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/

(～縣) Shandan (a county of Zhangye, Gansu, China)


基本法

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

if you have money, you have a way; if you don't, you face the Basic Law

jau⁵ cin⁴⁻² jau⁵ baan⁶ faat³, mou⁵ cin⁴⁻² gei¹ bun² faat³

有錢有辦法，冇錢基本法

有钱有办法，冇钱基本法

(law, Hong Kong) the current constitutional document of Hong Kong

(law, Macau) the current constitutional document of Macau


氹仔

/tɑŋ⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐm¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐm¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/


澄海

desc

→ English: Chenghai, Tenghai, Teng Hai, Teng-hai, Theng-hai

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Chenghai (a district, former county, and former county-level city of Shantou, Guangdong, China)


普寧

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Puning (a county-level city of Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


惠來

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² lɔːi̯²¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Huilai (a county of Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


饒平

→ English: Raoping, Jaoping

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ŋi̯eu̯¹¹ pʰin¹¹/

/d͡ziau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/d͡ziou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ŋi̯eu̯¹¹ pʰin¹¹/

/d͡ziau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/d͡ziou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Raoping (a county of Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


鵝鑾鼻

→ English: Eluanbi, Oluanpi

/ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯än³⁵ pi³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lyːn²¹ pei̯²²/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ luan²³⁻³³ pʰĩ³³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ luan²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰĩ³³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² luan²⁴⁻²² pit̚⁴/

/ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯än³⁵ pi³⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lyːn²¹ pei̯²²/

/ɡɤ²³⁻³³ luan²³⁻³³ pʰĩ³³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ luan²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰĩ³³/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² luan²⁴⁻²² pit̚⁴/

Uncertain. Possibly from Paiwan goran (“sail”) for the Sail Rock + Hokkien 鼻 (phīⁿ, “protruding object; cape”).

Cape Eluan or Eluanbi (southernmost point of mainland Taiwan)


新地

calque

Calque of Russian Новая Земля (Novaja Zemlja)

(～島) Novaya Zemlya (an island of Russia)


新地

/sɐn⁵⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

(Hong Kong, informal) Sun Hung Kai Properties


新地

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新(しん)地(ち) (Shinchi).

(～町) Shinchi (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


理學

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ hɔːk̚²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚¹²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ hɔːk̚²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚¹²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/


都蘭

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ (dulaɣan).

(～縣) Dulan County (a county in Haixi, Qinghai)


都蘭

Borrowed from Amis 'Atolan (literally “a pile of rocks”).

bor

'Atolan (an Amis tribe located in Taitung, Taiwan)

(～村) Dulan (a village in Donghe, Taitung)

(～鄉) (historical) Dulan (a township in Taitung now called Donghe)


所羅門智訓

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄓˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄓˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

Соломэнь Чжисюнь

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/sɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹ muːn²¹ t͡siː³³ fɐn³³/

/sɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹ muːn²¹ t͡siː³³ fɐn³³/


智慧篇

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯²² pʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯³³ pʰiːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯²² pʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯³³ pʰiːn⁵⁵/


吳越

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːt̚²/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːt̚²/

(historical) states of Wu and Yue (two kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn period)

Wǒ yù yīn zhī mèng Wúyuè, yīyè fēi dù Jìnghú yuè.

我欲因之夢吳越，一夜飛度鏡湖月。

我欲因之梦吴越，一夜飞度镜湖月。

area around Jiangsu and Zhejiang, where the states of Wu and Yue were located

Five Dynasties period
w:Five Dynasties period

(historical) Wuyue (one of the ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties period)


平潭

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰam¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tʰam²³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰam¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tʰam²³/

(～島) Pingtan (the largest island of Fujian, China)

(～縣) Pingtan (a county of Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Pingtan (a town in Huiyang district, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)


滿地可

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muːn¹³ tei̯²² hɔː³⁵/

/ᵐbᵘɔn⁵⁵ ei³² hᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muːn¹³ tei̯²² hɔː³⁵/

/ᵐbᵘɔn⁵⁵ ei³² hᵘɔ⁵⁵/

1904, Liang Qichao, 新大陸遊記 [Travel Notes of the New Continent], 廣智書局, published 1907, page 22:

Chū shí rì, dǐ Mǎndìkě. Mǎndìkě zhě, Jiānádà zhī zuìdà zhī dūhuì yě, rénkǒu yuē sìshí yú wàn, gōngshāngyè dà shèng.

初十日，抵滿地可。滿地可者，加拿大之最大之都會也，人口約四十餘萬，工商業大盛。

初十日，抵满地可。满地可者，加拿大之最大之都会也，人口约四十余万，工商业大盛。

(chiefly Cantonese, possibly dated in Taiwan) Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


蒙特利爾

ㄇㄥˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄦˇ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄦˇ

/mɤŋ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚² lei̯²² jiː¹³/

/mɤŋ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚² lei̯²² jiː¹³/

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong) Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


蒙特婁

/mɤŋ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔ²⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔ²³/

/mɤŋ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔ²⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔ²³/

(Taiwan) Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


多市

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ siː¹³/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ siː¹³/

Toronto's government and police have indicated that if the 24 recommendations in the report are implemented accordingly, it can help the city government save 100 million dollars in the next 3 years.

2016, 星島日報 (Sing Tao Daily), 多市警方招標 外判違泊抄牌

Duōshì zhèngfǔ jí jǐngfāng biǎoshì, rúguǒ ànzhào bàogào de 24 xiàng jiànyì quánbù luòshí, zài wèilái 3 nián kě wèi shìfǔ jiéxǐng 1 yì yuán.

多市政府及警方表示，如果按照報告的24項建議全部落實，在未來3年可為市府節省1億元。

多市政府及警方表示，如果按照报告的24项建议全部落实，在未来3年可为市府节省1亿元。

short for 多倫多市／多伦多市 (Duōlúnduō shì), Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada and largest city in Canada)


安大略

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ taːi̯²² lœːk̚²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ taːi̯²² lœːk̚²/

(～省) Ontario (a province in eastern Canada)

San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County#English

Ontario (a city in San Bernardino County, California)

Ontario (a city in Richland County, Ohio)

Ontario (a city in Malheur County, Oregon)


亞丁

Borrowed from English Aden; attested as early as 1844 in 萬國地理全集 by German missionary Karl Gützlaff.

/jä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/jä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 3, page 40:

Yàdīng, xiǎo dǎo yě, zài Hónghǎi kǒu mén zhīwài, xiàn wéi yīngrén suǒ jù.

亞丁，小島也，在紅海口門之外，現為英人所據。

亚丁，小岛也，在红海口门之外，现为英人所据。

Aden (a port city, the largest city in Yemen; the former capital of South Yemen)


亞丁

/jä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/jä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Yading (a natural reserve in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


楊吳

/jœːŋ²¹ ŋ̍²¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ ŋ̍²¹/

Yang Wu (one of the ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties period)


安省

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːŋ³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːŋ³⁵/

short for 安大略省 (Āndàlüè Shěng): Ontario (a province in eastern Canada)


阿美族

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Amis people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


基督城

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


開爾文

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ mɐn²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ mɐn²¹/

A transliteration of the English male given name and surname Kelvin


帖木兒

/tʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰiːp̚³ mʊk̚² jiː²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰiːp̚³ mʊk̚² jiː²¹/

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیمور (tēmūr).


潯陽

/ɕyn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɕyn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～江) Xunyang River (section of Yangtze River north of Jiujiang)

Western Han Dynasty
w:Western Han Dynasty

(尋陽縣) Xunyang County (county in Hubei during the Western Han Dynasty)

(～縣) Xunyang County (county in Jiangxi during the Tang Dynasty)

(～郡) Xunyang Prefecture (prefecture in Jiangxi during the Tang Dynasty)

(～道) Xunyang Circuit (circuit in Jiangxi during 1914–1927)

(～區) Xunyang District (a district of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


俀國

/tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(archaic) alternative form of 倭國 /倭国 (Wōguó)


特拉維夫

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄨㄟˊ ㄈㄨ

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄨㄟˊ ㄈㄨ

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ fuː⁵⁵/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ fuː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Tel Aviv, from Hebrew תֵּל אָבִיב (tel 'avív).


陽光海岸

ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄞˇ ㄢˋ

ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄞˇ ㄢˋ

Янгуан Хайань

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/


清邁

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ maːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ mai³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ maːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ mai³⁵/

Borrowed from Thai เชียงใหม่ (chiiang-mài), via Teochew.

(～府) Chiang Mai (a province of Thailand; capital: Chiang Mai)

(～市) Chiang Mai (the capital city of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand)


屋崙

/u⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʊk̚⁵ lɵn²¹/

/u⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʊk̚⁵ lɵn²¹/

(chiefly Cantonese) Auckland (a city in New Zealand)


屋崙

/u⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʊk̚⁵ lɵn²¹/

/u⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʊk̚⁵ lɵn²¹/

(chiefly Cantonese) Oakland (a city in California, United States)


檳城

/piŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/peŋ³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/piŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/peŋ³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

Shí gèrén qīn jiàn Bīnchéng tóngzhì zhī qióng, wúděng wángmìng jìngdì zhī kùn, rìcháng zhī fèi měi yǒu bùjǐ, gù ān dé yúzī yǐwéi huódòng, yǔ zàisān yán bì kě shèfǎ.

時各人親見檳城同志之窮，吾等亡命境地之困，日常之費每有不給，顧安得餘資以為活動，予再三言必可設法。

时各人亲见槟城同志之穷，吾等亡命境地之困，日常之费每有不给，顾安得余资以为活动，予再三言必可设法。


大肚

From Papora Tatuturo. Possibly cognate with Tagalog datu, Malay datu, Indonesian datu ,Cebuano datu.

(～區) Dadu (a district of Taichung, Taiwan)

(～溪) Dadu River (a river on Taiwan Island)

(～王國) Kingdom of Middag (an ancient aboriginal kingdom situated near Dadu district of Taichung)


長孫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sun³³/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sun³³/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/


耆那教

ㄑㄧˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄑㄧˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ naː¹³ kaːu̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ naː¹³ kaːu̯³³/


甘露

Phono-semantic matching of English Kamloops.

psm

/kam²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kam²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

(Hong Kong, Taiwan) Kamloops (a city in British Columbia, Canada)


溫州話

/wən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² ua²²/

/uŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/

/wən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² ua²²/

/uŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/


雙十節

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐp̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨp̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ³³ sip̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐp̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨp̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ³³ sip̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

Double Tenth Day (National Day of the Republic of China)


敘州

/ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Xu Prefecture, a former subdivision of what is now Sichuan in China.

(historical) Xuzhou, the seat of the prefecture, now known as Yibin.


西康

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Xikang (a former province of China)


沇水

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Yan River, a river in Hunan Province and the source of the Ji River.


珠璣

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Zhuji (a town in Nanxiong, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


愛迪生

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ti³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ tɪk̚² sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ti³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ tɪk̚² sɐŋ⁵⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Edison

Thomas Edison (1847–1931), American inventor and businessman


芝罘

→ English: Chefoo, Zhifu

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ fu³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ fɐu̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ fu³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ fɐu̯²¹/

(～區) Zhifu (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)


高加索

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² soʔ³²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² soʔ³²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ soʔ³²/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤʔ³²/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² soʔ³²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² soʔ³²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ soʔ³²/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤʔ³²/


朝陽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɛu²⁴ iɔŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰau¹¹ iɒ̃¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɛu²⁴ iɔŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰau¹¹ iɒ̃¹¹/

(～市) Chaoyang (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)

(～縣) Chaoyang (a county of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)

(～區) Chaoyang (a district of Beijing, China)

(～區) Chaoyang (a district of Changchun, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Chaoyang (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


畫圖

/xu̯ä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/ui²²⁻²¹ tɔ²⁴/

/ue³³⁻²¹ tɔ²³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ tɔ²⁴/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ tɔ¹³/

/ue(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/ui²²⁻²¹ tɔ²⁴/

/ue³³⁻²¹ tɔ²³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ tɔ²⁴/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ tɔ¹³/

/ue(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴/

/waː²² tʰou̯²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/waː²² tʰou̯²¹/

/ui²²⁻²¹ tɔ²⁴/

/ue³³⁻²¹ tɔ²³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ tɔ²⁴/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ tɔ¹³/


山口洋

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/san²⁴ kʰi̯eu̯³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/san²⁴ kʰi̯eu̯³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

Singkawang (a city in West Kalimantan, Indonesia)


大肚黃

/taːi̯²² tʰou̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tu³¹ voŋ¹¹/

/taːi̯²² tʰou̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tu³¹ voŋ¹¹/

From the resemblance of the character 黃／黄 to a pregnant woman.

Is your surname "pregnant Wong" or "three-stroked Wong"?

nei⁵ sing³ daai⁶ tou⁵ wong⁴⁻² ding⁶ hai⁶ saam¹ waa² wong⁴ aa³?

你姓大肚黃定係三畫王呀？

你姓大肚黄定系三画王呀？

(Cantonese, Hakka, Guangxi Mandarin, Jinhua Wu, Nanning Pinghua) the surname 黃／黄


三寶壟

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Semarang (a city, the provincial capital of Central Java, Indonesia)


天方夜譚

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄤ ㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄢˊ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄤ ㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄢˊ

тяньфанъетань

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɛː²² tʰaːm²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɛː²² tʰaːm²¹/

One Thousand and One Nights (also called Arabian Nights)


天方

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Alteration of 天房 (Tiānfáng) (per Xiyang chaogong dianlu 西洋朝貢典錄 [Records of Tributes from the Western Ocean Countries], 1520 CE).

Though [the teachings of Islam are] set out in books from the Islamic countries, they are no different from [what is taught in] the classics of the Confucians.

1710, 劉智 (Liu Zhi), 《天方典禮》 (The Rites of Islam)

Suī zǎi zài tiānfāng zhī shū, ér bù yì hū rúzhě zhī diǎn.

雖載在天方之書，而不異乎儒者之典。

虽载在天方之书，而不异乎儒者之典。

(obsolete) Mecca; (in general) Arabia; Islamic countries in the Middle East


山海經

/ʂän⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Classic of Mountains and Seas (ancient Chinese book of geography and myth)


西昌

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Xichang (a county-level city of Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)


建昌

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) Jianchang, a former name of Xichang, a city in southern Sichuan, China


西番

/ɕi⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

(historical ethnic slur) the "Western Barbarians", specifically

(Tang era) various native peoples dwelling west of Gansu

(Qing era) various native peoples of western Sichuan and Yunnan neither Tibetan nor Yi, particularly the Qiang and other speakers of Qiangic languages

(Qing era, historical) homeland of the Manchu people; Manchuria

Alternative name for 藏人 (Zàngrén, “Tibetans”).

Alternative name for 西藏 (Xīzàng, “Tibet”).


大理

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

～白族自治州 大理白族自治州#Chinese

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture
w:Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

(～白族自治州, ～州) Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)

(～市) Dali (a county-level city of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮, ～古城) Dali (a town in Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, also known as Dali Old Town)

(～國) (historical) Dali Kingdom (a medieval state controlled from the old town)

首府

old town as capital of an independent kingdom

(～府) (historical) Dali Prefecture (a prefecture controlled by the old town under imperial China)


什邡

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

A variant of its earlier name 汁邡 (Shífāng), in turn a variant of 汁方 (Shífāng).

(～市) Shifang, a county-level city administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Deyang in Sichuan, China

(～縣) (historical) Shifang County, a former county administered as part of the prefecture of Chengdu in Sichuan, China


汁方

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～國) (historical) Shifang, a former petty kingdom in Sichuan after the fall of the Qin dynasty

(～縣) (historical) Shifang County, a county of the Western Han Empire equivalent to the modern county-level city of Shifang (什邡市) in Sichuan


汁邡

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

A variant of the earlier name 汁方 (Shífāng).

(～縣) (historical) Shifang County, a county of the Eastern Han Empire equivalent to the modern county-level city of Shifang (什邡市) in Sichuan


美信

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵¹/

(～縣) (historical) Meixin County, a county of Wang Mang's Xin Empire equivalent to the modern county-level city of Shifang in Sichuan


方亭

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

The name alludes to the county's earlier names 汁方 (Zhīfāng) and 什邡 (Shífāng).

(～縣) (historical) Fangting County, a county of the Northern Zhou Empire equivalent to the modern county-level city of Shifang (什邡市) in Sichuan


方寧

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

(historical) alternative form of 方亭 (Fāngtíng), a county of the Northern Zhou Empire equivalent to the modern county-level city of Shifang (什邡市) in Sichuan


通計

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

(～縣) (historical) Tongji County, a county of the Former Shu Kingdom equivalent to the modern county-level city of Shifang in Sichuan


中和

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hɔ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hɔ²⁴/

(～區, formerly ～鄉, ～市) Zhonghe (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～街道) Zhonghe Subdistrict (a subdistrict of Chengdu, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Zhonghe Town (name of several towns in China)

(～鎮) Zhonghe (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Zhonghe (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

(～村) Jhonghe, Zhonghe (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


巴哈伊信仰

ㄅㄚ ㄏㄚ ㄧ ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄧㄤˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄏㄚ ㄧ ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄧㄤˇ

Бахаи Синьян

/pä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ haː⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵ sɵn³³ jœːŋ¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ haː⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵ sɵn³³ jœːŋ¹³/


資中

→ English: Zizhong

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

A variant of its imperial Chinese name 資州 /资州 (“Zi Prefecture”).

(～縣) Zizhong (a county of Neijiang, Sichuan, China)


自流井

ㄗˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ

ㄗˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～區, ～縣) Ziliujing District (district in Zigong, Sichuan province, China)

(historical) Ziliujing (the county seat, now identical to the district itself)


蓉城

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

From the hibiscus planted upon and around the old city walls in the 10th century.

(informal or literary) "Hibiscus City", a nickname of Chengdu, Sichuan.


錦城

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

A contraction of the earlier 錦官城 /锦官城 (Jinguanchéng, “City of the Brocade Official”), from a Han-era office instituted to oversee the quality and supply of the city's then-popular brocade.

(informal or literary) "Brocade City", a nickname of Chengdu, Sichuan


錦官城

ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄔㄥˊ

Цзиньгуаньчэн

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

From a Han-era office instituted to oversee the quality and supply of the city's then-popular brocade.

(informal or literary, obsolete) "City of the Brocade Official", a former nickname of Chengdu, Sichuan.


龜城

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

“Chengdu”: Variously derived from a turtle or turtle tracks involved at the founding of the city or from the turtle-like shape of the old city walls.

(informal or literary) Alternative name for 成都 (Chéngdū, “Chengdu”).


閬中

/lɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Langzhong (a county-level city of Nanchong, Sichuan, China)

(～縣) (historical) Langzhong, a former county of Sichuan during the imperial, republican, and communist eras.


保寧

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

(～府) (historical) Baoning, a former name of Langzhong, Sichuan

(～府) (historical) Baoning Prefecture, its surrounding hinterland


派克

/pʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

A transliteration of the English surname Parker


羅定

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ tɪŋ²²/

Coined in 1577 during the Ming dynasty after the Yao rebellion in Luopang, Guangdong had been quashed in 1577, intended to convey the meaning 羅旁平定/罗旁平定 (“Luopang pacified”).
The first syllable 羅 is possibly borrowed from a Kra-Dai substrate word. Shao (2015) proposes that 羅 is cognate with either Zhuang laj (“low; down; bottom”), as in lajbya (“foothill”), or Proto-Kam-Sui *ra (“field; farmland”), whence Southern Kam jav, Sui qxgas, Maonan yras. Note that places with 羅 as the first character in their names are widespread in Guangdong.

(～市) Luoding (a county-level city of Yunfu, Guangdong, China)


增城

Attested in the Book of the Later Han [5th century], as the name of a county under Nanhai Commandery (南海郡).

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Zengcheng (a district, former county, and former county-level city of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


增城

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

The Verses of Chu, 4ᵗʰ century BCE – 2ⁿᵈ century CE

Kūnlún xuánpǔ, qí kāo ān zài? Zēngchéng jiǔchóng, qí gāo jǐ lǐ?

崑崙縣圃，其尻安在？增城九重，其高幾里？

昆仑县圃，其尻安在？增城九重，其高几里？


中寧

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Zhongning County in Ningxia, China, administered as part of Zhongwei (中卫市).


潼關

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

The Tong or Tongguan Pass in the Qin Mountains, a strategic point formerly controlling access between the North China Plain and the Wei Valley and upper reaches of the Yellow River.

(～縣) Tongguan (a county of Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


呂梁

desc

→ English: Luliang, Lüliang, Lvliang, Lyuliang

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lɵy̯¹³ lœːŋ²¹/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lɵy̯¹³ lœːŋ²¹/

(～市) Lüliang (a prefecture-level city of Shanxi, China)

(～山脈) Lüliang Mountains in western Shanxi, dividing the eastern side of the Yellow River's Ordos Loop from the Fen Valley


陝州

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Shanzhou (a district of Sanmenxia, Henan, China)


朋友圈

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ ㄑㄩㄢㄦ

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³ t͡ɕʰy̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³ hyːn⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³ t͡ɕʰy̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³ hyːn⁵⁵/

Moments (function of the smartphone app WeChat)


化州

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faː³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faː³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

(～市) Huazhou (a county-level city of Maoming, Guangdong, China)

(～縣) (historical) Huazhou (a county of Gaozhou, Guangdong, China)

(historical) Hua (a prefecture of Guangdong, China)


電白

→ English: Dianbai, Tinpak

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ⁴/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ⁴/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dianbai (a district and former county of Maoming, Guangdong, China)

(～縣) (historical) Dianbai County in Guangdong, a former county once administered under Gaozhou

(～郡) (historical) Dianbai Commandery in Guangdong, a former commandery once administered under Gaozhou.


威而鋼

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

Phono-semantic matching of English Viagra.


威而剛

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong, Taiwan) alternative form of 威而鋼 /威而钢 (Wēi'érgāng, “Viagra”)


標緻

Phono-semantic matching of French Peugeot.

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

/pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ ti¹¹/

/pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²¹/

/piɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

/pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ ti¹¹/

/pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²¹/

/piɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Peugeot (brand and car)


鶴山

/xɤ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːk̚² saːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːk̚² saːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Heshan (a county-level city of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)

(～區) Heshan (a district of Hebi, Henan, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Heshan (a town and former township in Ningyang, Tai'an, Shandong, China)


高州

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Gaozhou (a county-level city of Maoming, Guangdong, China)

(～府) (historical) Gaozhou (a former imperial-era commandery of Guangdong, China)