侵侵

/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

From 當勞侵 (dong1 lou4-1 cam1, “Donald Trump”), a name used in Hong Kong.

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, endearing) Donald Trump


龍彌你

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄧˊ ㄋㄧˇ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄧˊ ㄋㄧˇ

/lʊŋ³⁵ mi³⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mi³⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Lumbini (a pilgrimage site in Rupandehi, Nepal)


僑港

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Qiaogang (a town in Yinhai district, Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


日帝

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² tɐi̯³³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² tɐi̯³³/


東甌

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Dong'ou (an ancient Baiyue kingdom in modern Taizhou and Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


洛邑

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚³ jɐp̚⁵/

/lɔːk̚² jɐp̚⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚³ jɐp̚⁵/

/lɔːk̚² jɐp̚⁵/

(historical) Luoyang (a city in present-day Henan)


雒邑

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

King Ping ascended the throne, and moved the capital east to Luoyi in order to avoid the Rong invaders.

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Píng Wáng lì, dōng qiān yú luòyì, bì róng kòu.

平王立，東遷于雒邑，辟戎寇。

平王立，东迁于雒邑，辟戎寇。


駱越

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚³ jyːt̚²/

/lɔːk̚² jyːt̚²/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚³ jyːt̚²/

/lɔːk̚² jyːt̚²/

駱 (OC *rak) here results from the monosyllabification of the areal ethnonym *b.rak or *p.rak by loss of the first element in the iambic cluster; the same ethnonym is used by the Wa people, a Khmu subgroup and possibly the Bai, and may be the same as the first syllable in 百越 (OC *praːɡ ɢʷad, “Baiyue”), later construed as meaning “hundred” (Ferlus, 2009).
Ferlus (2011) links said phonograms to etymon *p.rak "taro > edible tuber", which is reflected in Kra-Dai words like Baha [script needed] (pɣaːk) or Thai เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak) (from Proto-Tai *pʰrɨak in Ferlus's reconstruction or *prɯəkᴰ in Pittayaporn's 2009 reconstruction, further from Proto-Kra-Dai *pəˀrˠáːk in Norquest's 2020 reconstruction); he proposes that the areal ethnonym *b.rak or *p.rak was used by rice growers to designate taro-growing horticulturists.

Among the people of Luoyue, fathers and sons bathe in the same river. They are used to drinking through their noses and are no different from beasts. It was not worth it to establish commanderies and counties there in the first place.

Luòyuè zhī rén fùzǐ tóng chuān ér yù, xiàng xí yǐ bí yǐn, yǔ qínshòu wúyì, běn bùzú jùnxiàn zhì yě.

駱越之人父子同川而浴，相習以鼻飲，與禽獸無異，本不足郡縣置也。

骆越之人父子同川而浴，相习以鼻饮，与禽兽无异，本不足郡县置也。

(historical) Luoyue (an ancient conglomeration of Yue tribes)


西底家

/ɕi⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵/


漆德克雅

ㄑㄧ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄑㄧ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ ŋaː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ ŋaː¹³/


默納舍

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² naːp̚² sɛː³³/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² naːp̚² sɛː³³/


阿哈次

/ˀä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/aː³³ haː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/aː³³ haː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/


亞哈斯

/jä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/aː³³ haː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/aː³³ haː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/


約堂

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/


約坦

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːk̚³ tʰaːn³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːk̚³ tʰaːn³⁵/


烏齊雅

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/


烏西雅

/u⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/

/u⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/


舒曼

/ʂu⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ män⁵¹/


熱舒夫

/ʐɤ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English

Rzeszów (the capital and largest city of Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)

Rzeszów Voivodeship
Rzeszów Voivodeship#English

(～省) Rzeszów Voivodeship (a former voivodeship of Poland)


迦克墩

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/


虎跳峽

ㄏㄨˇ ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄏㄨˇ ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ tʰiːu̯³³ haːp̚²/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ tʰiːu̯³³ haːp̚²/

Tiger Leaping Gorge (canyon on the Jinsha River in Yunnan)


新羅西斯克

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Синь Лосисыкэ

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Partial calque of Russian Новоросси́йск (Novorossíjsk).

partial calque

Новоросси́йск

Novorossiysk (a port city in Krasnodar Krai, in southern Russia, the main Russian port on the Black Sea)


伊伊穌斯合利斯托斯

ㄧ ㄧ ㄙㄨ ㄙ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ

ㄧ ㄧ ㄙㄨ ㄙ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ

Иисусы Хэлисытосы

/i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

From Russian Иису́с Христо́с (Iisús Xristós).

bor

Иису́с Христо́с

伊伊稣斯合利斯托斯
伊伊穌斯合鿠斯托斯
伊伊穌斯合唎斯托斯
鿗鿖

1863, 《東敎宗鑑》

Yòu xìn wéiyī zhǔ — Yīyīsūsī Hélìsītuōsī — wèi Tiānzhǔ zhī dúyī zǐ.

又信惟一主——伊伊穌斯合鿠斯托斯——爲天主之獨一子。

1863, 《東敎宗鑑》

又信惟一主——伊伊稣斯合鿟斯托斯——为天主之独一子。

1884, 《主升天瞻禮讚詞》

Zhǔ wúděng Tiānzhǔ jiùshìzhě Yīyīsūsī Hélìsītuōsī shēngtiān zhānlǐ

主吾等天主救世者伊伊穌斯合唎斯托斯升天瞻禮

1884, 《主升天瞻禮讚詞》

主吾等天主救世者伊伊稣斯合唎斯托斯升天瞻礼

wǒ Zhǔ Yīyīsūsī Hélìsītuōsī tàizūn fùhuó zhānlǐrì

我主伊伊穌斯合利斯托斯太尊復活瞻禮日

我主伊伊稣斯合利斯托斯太尊复活瞻礼日


百粵

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

In the past the Qin moved the people of the Central Plains to the three commanderies in the south so that they could live among the Baiyue.

Qiánshí Qín xǐ zhōngxiàn zhī mín nánfāng sān jùn, shǐ yǔ Bǎiyuè záchù.

前時秦徙中縣之民南方三郡，使與百粵雜處。

前时秦徙中县之民南方三郡，使与百粤杂处。

(obsolete) alternative form of 百越 (Bǎi Yuè, “Baiyue”)


支共

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

支 (zhī) is short for 支那 (Zhīnà, “derogatory slur for China”) and 共 (gòng) is short for 共產黨／共产党 (gòngchǎndǎng, “communist party”).


尼西亞

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/


杭愛山

/xɑŋ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ ɔːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/xɑŋ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ ɔːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

Khangai Mountains (a mountain range in central Mongolia)


霍爾果斯

ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄙ

ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄙ

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ kʷɔː³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ kʷɔː³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

(～市) Khorgas (a county-level city of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


合利斯托斯

ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ

/xɤ³⁵ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

合鿠斯托斯
合唎斯托斯
鿖

Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down Death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing Life.

Hélìsītuōsī yóu sǐrén lǐ fùhuó, yòng sǐ cǎimiè sǐ, yě bǎo zài fénmù de dé shēnghuó

合利斯托斯由死人裏復活 用死踩滅死 也保在墳墓的得生活

合利斯托斯由死人里复活 用死踩灭死 也保在坟墓的得生活


沙陀突厥

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

the Shatuo Turks (a tribe that influenced northern Chinese politics from the late 9th century through the 10th century)


納卡

/nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːp̚² kʰaː⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːp̚² kʰaː⁵⁵/

納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫 納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫#Chinese

纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫 纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫#Chinese

short for 納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫／纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫 (Nàgē'ěrnuò-kǎlābāhè, “Nagorno-Karabakh”)


伊伊穌斯

/i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

From Russian Иису́с (Iisús), from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs). Doublet of 耶穌 /耶稣 (Yēsū).

1884, 《主升天瞻禮讚詞》

Zhì gān zhī Yīyīsūsī. Bù lí Shèngfù zhī huái. Rú rén ér jū yú dì zhě. Jīn zì Qīngguǒ Shān. Chéng róng ér shēngtiān.

至甘之伊伊穌斯。不離聖父之懷。如人而居於地者。今自青果山。乘榮而升天。

1884, 《主升天瞻禮讚詞》

至甘之伊伊稣斯。不离圣父之怀。如人而居于地者。今自青果山。乘荣而升天。


仡佬

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³/

From Gelao klau˥, ultimately derived from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general name for ethnic groups in southwestern China”) (Ferlus, 2009).


排燈節

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/


薩瓦娜

ㄙㄚˋ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄨㄛˊ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄨㄛˊ

/sä⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sä⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ³⁵/

A transliteration of the English female given name Savannah


光化門

ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄇㄣˊ

ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄇㄣˊ

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³ muːn²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³ muːn²¹/

Gyeongbokgung Palace
w:Gyeongbokgung Palace

Gwanghwamun (main and largest gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace, in Seoul, South Korea)


端午兒

/tu̯än⁵⁵ uɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ uɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival

(dialectal Mandarin) Erhua form of 端午 (Duānwǔ, “Dragon Boat Festival, a Chinese holiday on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the traditional Chinese calendar”).


四平街

/sz̩⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Old name for 四平 (Sìpíng, “Siping (a city in Jilin, China)”).


回民

/wuːi̯²¹ mɐn²¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ mɐn²¹/

(～區) Huimin District (a district of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


司譯院

/sz̩⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

(historical) Bureau of Interpreters, a Korean government office concerned with translation during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties


阿羅訶

From Classical Syriac ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ (ʾalāhā), compare אֱלוֹהִים (elohím).

/ˀä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/


胡康河谷

ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄤ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄤ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨˇ

/xu³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹ kʊk̚⁵/

/xu³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹ kʊk̚⁵/

Hukawng Valley (an isolated valley in northern Myanmar)


突騎施

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

Türgesh (an ancient Turkic tribal confederation)


移鼠

/i³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ syː³⁵/

/i³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ syː³⁵/

From Classical Syriac ܝܫܘܥ (yešuʕ or ʾīšōʿ or yešuʿ).

bor

Mary became pregnant and gave birth to a son, whose name was Jesus.

Sutra of Hearing the Messiah (《序聽迷詩所經》), 641

Mòyàn huái hòu chǎn yī nán, míng wéi Yíshǔ.

末艷懷後產一男，名為移鼠。

末艳怀后产一男，名为移鼠。


末豔

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛn⁵¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛn⁵¹/

(Church of the East, historical) Mary (mother of Jesus)


馬軍礁老

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³ ta³³ lau³³/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³ ta³³ lau³³/

From Maguindanao Magindanaw (“Maguindanao”).

(Philippine Hokkien) Maguindanao (a province of the Philippines)


洪熙

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ hei̯⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ hei̯⁵⁵/

(～帝) the Hongxi Emperor (the fourth emperor of the Ming dynasty)

the Hongxi era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, in 1425)


宣德

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

(～帝) the Xuande Emperor (the fifth emperor of the Ming dynasty)

the Xuande era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1426 to 1435)


蘇祿

/sɔ³³ lɔk̚²⁴/

/sɔ³³ lɔk̚²⁴/

Loaned via Hokkien. From Tausug Sulug, the unelided form of Sūg (“Sulu”), from Tausug sulug, the unelided form of sūg (“current”). Compare Maranao Solog, Malay Suluk.

(～蘇丹國, ～國) (historical) Sultanate of Sulu (a Muslim state that ruled the islands in the Sulu Archipelago, parts of Mindanao in today's Philippines, certain portions of Palawan and north-eastern Borneo)

(～省) Sulu (a province of the Philippines)


小中華

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1785

Bùyì xiǎozhōnghuá shàng lǐyì zhī bāng, nǎi yǒu jí bèiluàn, zhì xiōngcǎn zhī biàn.

不意小中華尚禮義之邦、乃有極悖亂、至凶慘之變。

不意小中华尚礼义之邦、乃有极悖乱、至凶惨之变。

(historical) A term for a non-Chinese country which had nonetheless attained the heights of Chinese civilization, found in works from outside China.


水晶之夜

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓ ㄧㄝˋ

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓ ㄧㄝˋ

Шуйцзин чжи Е

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/


強尼

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni³⁵/


俾路支斯坦

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄓ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄓ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Билучжисытань

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯³⁵ lou̯²² t͡siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/pei̯³⁵ lou̯²² t͡siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

Balochistan (an arid desert and mountainous region in southwestern Asia)


聯合國軍

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄩㄣ

Ляньхэгоцзюнь

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lyːn²¹ hɐp̚² kʷɔːk̚³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lyːn²¹ hɐp̚² kʷɔːk̚³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/


龍樹

ja-r

龍樹(りゅうじゅ) (ryūju)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍樹):
* → Japanese: 龍樹(りゅうじゅ) (ryūju)
* → Korean: 룡수(龍樹) (ryongsu), 용수(龍樹) (yongsu)
* → Vietnamese: Long Thụ (龍樹)

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ syː²²/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ syː²²/


彌施訶

/mi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/

/mi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/

From Classical Syriac ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ (M'šīḥāʾ).

760, 景淨, 《景教三威蒙度讚》

Míshīhē pǔzūn dà Shèngzǐ, guǎngdù kǔjiè jiù wúyì.

彌施訶普尊大聖子，廣度苦界救無億。

760, 景淨, 《景教三威蒙度讚》

弥施诃普尊大圣子，广度苦界救无亿。

(Church of the East, historical) Messiah (Jesus)


夷數

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), possibly via Middle Persian 𐫏𐫏𐫢𐫇𐫙 (yišōʿ).

O Jesus-Buddha, dignified and abundant in kindness, please absolve my sins with your great compassion.

Guǎng huì zhuāngyán Yíshù fó, qǐ dà cíbēi shě wǒ zuì.

廣惠㽵嚴夷數佛，起大慈悲捨我罪。

广惠㽵严夷数佛，起大慈悲舍我罪。


七代

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

the Seven Periods (the period of mythological and early China spanning Zhuanxu, Diku, Taotang, Yu, Xia, Yin, and Zhou)


野豬河

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛː¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛː¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

Dalnegorsk (a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia)


達利涅戈爾斯克

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Далинегээрсыкэ

/tä³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Russian Дальнего́рск (Dalʹnegórsk).

bor

Дальнего́рск


反法

/fän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

short for 反法運動／反法运动 (“Anti-Fascist Action”)


車水路

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ lou̯²²/

/t͡sʰia³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ lou̯²²/

/t͡sʰia³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lɔ²¹/

Named after the ox-carts that carried water through Burmah Road to reach George Town, Penang.

Burmah Road (a road in Penang, Malaysia)


奴兒干

/nu³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/nu³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ kän⁵⁵/

都指揮使司 都指揮使司#Chinese

(～都指揮使司, ～都司) Nurgan Regional Military Commission


奴爾干

/nu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

/nu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/


霍士

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


欽北防

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

Blend of 欽州／钦州 (Qīnzhōu) + 北海 (Běihǎi) + 防城港 (Fángchénggǎng).

zh-l

欽州／钦州 (Qīnzhōu)

prefecture-level cities
prefecture-level city

the prefecture-level cities of Qinzhou, Beihai and Fangchenggang in Guangxi, formerly part of Guangdong


警總

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

臺灣警備總司令部 w:zh:臺灣警備總司令部

(Taiwan) short for 臺灣警備總司令部 (“Taiwan Garrison Command”)


白冷

/paɪ̯³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² laːŋ¹³/

/piɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪŋ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liɪŋ⁴¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² laːŋ¹³/

/piɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪŋ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liɪŋ⁴¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/


哈巴河

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Habahe, Kaba (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


加略人猶大

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄉㄚˋ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄉㄚˋ

Цзялюэжэнь Юда

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ly̯ɛ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ lœːk̚² jɐn²¹ jɐu̯²¹ taːi̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ly̯ɛ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ lœːk̚² jɐn²¹ jɐu̯²¹ taːi̯²²/


五羊

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jœːŋ²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jœːŋ²¹/

short for 五羊城 (Wǔyángchéng, “Guangzhou”)


以利沙伯

ㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄕㄚ ㄅㄛˊ

ㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄕㄚ ㄅㄛˊ

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ lei̯²² saː⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ lei̯²² saː⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

(Protestantism) Elizabeth (the mother of John the Baptist)


瓦埠

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/


撫遠

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan⁵⁵⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan⁴¹/

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan⁵⁵⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan⁴¹/

(～市) Fuyuan (a county-level city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China)


青河

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

Short for 青格里河 (“Qinggil River (a tributary of the Ulungur River)”).

zh-etym-short

(～縣) Qinggil, Qinghe (a county of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


富蘊

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ wɐn³³/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ wɐn³³/

(～縣) Fuyun (a county of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


國民政府

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ

Гоминь Чжэнфу

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ fuː³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ fuː³⁵/

(historical) National Government of the Republic of China; Nationalist government


國府

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ fuː³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ fuː³⁵/

國民政府 國民政府#Chinese

国民政府 国民政府#Chinese

short for 國民政府／国民政府 (Guómín Zhèngfǔ, “National Government of the Republic of China; Nationalist government”)

國民政府

government of the Republic of China under the rule of Chiang Kai-shek or Chiang Ching-kuo


布里亞特

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³ tɐk̚²/

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³ tɐk̚²/

Transliteration of Russian буря́т m anim sg (burját, “Buryat”, noun).

translit

布里亚特
布里雅特
布喇忒
不里牙惕

布里亞特蒙古人

布里亚特蒙古人

(～共和國) Buryatia (a republic and federal subject in southeast Russia)


長白

→ English: Changbai, Ch'ang-pai

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ paːk̚²/

朝鮮族自治縣 朝鮮族自治縣#Chinese

(～朝鮮族自治縣, ～自治縣) Changbai (a Korean autonomous county in Baishan, Jilin, China)

(～山) Paektu Mountain; Changbai Mountain (a mountain on the border between China and North Korea)


準噶爾盆地

ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄍㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄆㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄆㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Чжуньгаэр Пэньди

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰən³⁵ ti⁵¹/

Чжуньгээр Пэньди

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰən³⁵ ti⁵¹/


列文虎克

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ wən³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ wən³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

From Dutch Leeuwenhoek, referring to the observation skills of Dutch scientist and pioneering of microbiology Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723).

A transliteration of the Dutch surname Leeuwenhoek


寧鄉

/niŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/niŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Ningxiang (a county-level city and former county of Changsha, Hunan, China)


湘陰

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangyin (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)


平江

/pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingjiang (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)

(～府, ～路) (historical) Pingjiang (a historical commandery and circuit of China during the Song and Yuan dynasties respectively, whose capital was located in the counties of Wu (吳縣／吴县) and Changzhou (長洲／长洲) in present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu)


道孚

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵/

(～縣) Dawu (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


理塘

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Litang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


和靜

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Hejing (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


居里

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

A transliteration of the French surname Curie


精河

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Jinghe (a county of Börtala prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


蘇家屯

/su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

(～區) Sujiatun (a district of Shenyang, Liaoning, China)


前郭爾羅斯

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

Цяньгоэрлосы

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

蒙古族自治縣 蒙古族自治縣#Chinese

Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County
w:Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County

(～蒙古族自治縣, ～縣) Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


前郭

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Short for 前郭爾羅斯／前郭尔罗斯 (Qiánguō'ěrluósī).

(～縣) Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


農安

/nʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Nong'an (a county of Changchun, Jilin, China)


漠南

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² naːm²¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² naːm²¹/

the region south of the Gobi Desert, particularly Inner Mongolia


漠西

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(historical) the region west of the Gobi Desert inhabited by the Oirats


河中

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/


烏梁海

/u⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(historical) Uriankhai (a group of Turkic or Mongolic-speaking forest people in northern Mongolia, Altay and Tuva)


東北亞

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵ aː³³/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾møyʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ a³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ a³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁵ a⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵ aː³³/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾møyʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ a³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ a³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²⁻⁵ a⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

Northeast Asia
Northeast Asia#English:_Q27243

Northeast Asia (a geographic region of Asia bordering the west coast of the northern Pacific Ocean; generally including Japan, Korea, northeast China and the Russian Far East, and sometimes including all of China and Siberia)


當雄

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan འདམ་གཞུང ('dam gzhung).

(～縣) Damxung (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


曲水

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Qüxü (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


林周

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lhünzhub (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


尼木

(～縣) Nyêmo (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


墨竹工卡

ㄇㄛˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄎㄚˇ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄎㄚˇ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར (mal gro gung dkar).

bor

མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར

(～縣) Maizhokunggar (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


工卡

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Kunggar (a town in Maizhokunggar, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


吉木乃

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³/

(～縣) Jeminay (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


達孜

/tä³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dagzê (a district of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


堆龍德慶

ㄉㄨㄟ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ

ㄉㄨㄟ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɵy̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɵy̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵ hɪŋ³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་ (stod lung bde chen).

སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་

(～區, formerly ～縣) Doilungdêqên (a district of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


沙灣

/ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Shawan (a county-level city and former county of Tacheng prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～區) Shawan (a district of Leshan, Sichuan, China)

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Shawan (a subdistrict and former town in Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

Sandy Bay (a bay in Pok Fu Lam, Southern district, Hong Kong)


新源

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Xinyuan (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


東北易幟

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄅㄟˇ ㄧˋ ㄓˋ

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄅㄟˇ ㄧˋ ㄓˋ

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵ jɪk̚² t͡sʰiː³³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵ jɪk̚² t͡sʰiː³³/


興都教

ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄉㄨ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄉㄨ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


武德

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (武德):
* → Japanese: 武(ぶ)徳(とく) (butoku)

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

They stride high over all directions of the world, elevate the mind over the span of a thousand autumns, gallop swiftly beyond the borders of the Earlier and Later Han, are more encompassing than the government of the Hsia, Shang, and Chou or that of T’ang T’ai-tsung, and are more magnificent than the first emperor of the T’ang, Kao-tsu.

1907, 王國維 (Wang Guowei),《〈人間詞乙稿〉序》, translated by Adele Austin Rickett

Gāo dǎo hū bāhuāng zhī biǎo, ér kàng xīn hū qiānqiū zhī jiān. Qīnqīn hū liǎng Hàn zhī jiāngyù, guǎng yú sāndài; Zhēnguàn zhī zhèngzhì, lóng yú Wǔdé yǐ.

高蹈乎八荒之表，而抗心乎千秋之間。駸駸乎兩漢之疆域，廣於三代；貞觀之政治，隆於武德矣。

高蹈乎八荒之表，而抗心乎千秋之间。骎骎乎两汉之疆域，广于三代；贞观之政治，隆于武德矣。

era name of Emperor Gaozu of Tang (618—626)


麥克馬洪線

ㄇㄞˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄇㄞˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Майкэмахун Сянь

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


九段線

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Цзюдуаньсянь

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tyːn²² siːn³³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tyːn²² siːn³³/


江東六十四屯

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄊㄨㄣˊ

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄊㄨㄣˊ

Цзяндун Люшисы Тунь

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sz̩⁵¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ lʊk̚² sɐp̚² sei̯³³ tʰyːn²¹/


地下鐵路

ㄉㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄌㄨˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄌㄨˋ

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/tei̯²² haː²² tʰiːt̚³ lou̯²²/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/tei̯²² haː²² tʰiːt̚³ lou̯²²/

Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad


虞夏

/y³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/jyː²¹ haː²²/

/y³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/jyː²¹ haː²²/

the time of Youyu-shi and the Xia dynasty


柳條邊

ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄅㄧㄢ

ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄅㄧㄢ

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ tʰiːu̯²¹ piːn⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ tʰiːu̯²¹ piːn⁵⁵/

(historical) Willow Palisade (a system of ditches and embankments planted with willows intended to restrict movement into Manchuria, built by the Qing dynasty during the later 17th century)


捕魚兒海

ㄅㄨˇ ㄩˊ ㄦˊ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄅㄨˇ ㄩˊ ㄦˊ ㄏㄞˇ

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


喀納斯湖

ㄎㄚ ㄋㄚˋ ㄙ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄎㄚ ㄋㄚˋ ㄙ ㄏㄨˊ

/kʰä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/haːk̚³ naːp̚² siː⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/kʰä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/haːk̚³ naːp̚² siː⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

Kanas Lake (a lake in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


和豐

/xɤ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Sungai Siput (a town in Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia)

和布克賽爾 和布克賽爾#Chinese

和布克赛尔 和布克赛尔#Chinese

(～縣) synonym of 和布克賽爾 /和布克赛尔 (Hébùkèsài'ěr, “Hoboksar”)


萬山

/wän⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Wanshan (a district of Tongren, Guizhou, China)

(～鎮) Wanshan Town (name of various towns in China)


三家分晉

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄈㄣ ㄐㄧㄣˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄈㄣ ㄐㄧㄣˋ

Саньцзя Фэнь Цзинь

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

Zizhi Tongjian is a comprehensive annalistic history book supervised by Sima Guang, using time as the framework and events as the focus, providing a historical record from 403 BCE to 959 CE, including 16 dynasties over 1,362 years and starting from the division of the State of Jin among the three major families in the middle of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods till the conquest and reunification at the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

“Zīzhìtōngjiàn” shì yóu Sīmǎ Guāng zhǔbiān de yībù biānniántǐ tōngshǐ, yǐ shíjiān wéi gāng, shìjiàn wéi mù, jìlù gōngyuánqián 403 nián dào 959 nián, jí zì Chūnqiū Zhànguó Sānjiā fēn Jìn jì Běisòng miè Wǔdài Shíguó gòng 16 cháo 1362 nián de shǐshí.

《資治通鑒》是由司馬光主編的一部編年體通史，以時間為綱，事件為目，記錄公元前403年到959年，即自春秋戰國三家分晉洎北宋滅五代十國共16朝1362年的史實。

《资治通鉴》是由司马光主编的一部编年体通史，以时间为纲，事件为目，记录公元前403年到959年，即自春秋战国三家分晋洎北宋灭五代十国共16朝1362年的史实。

Warring States period
w:Warring States period

Partition of Jin (a historic event which begins the Warring States period)


衣冠南渡

ㄧ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ

ㄧ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ

Игуань Наньду

/i⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tu⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ nän³⁵ tu⁵¹/

the mass migration of Chinese aristocratic clans from northern China to southern China in the late Western Jin dynasty


多倫

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

Shortened from 多倫諾爾／多伦诺尔, borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (dolon naɣur, literally “seven lakes”).

bor

(～縣) Duolun (a county of Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


海拉爾

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

From Mongolian Хайлаар (Xajlaar)/ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ (qayilar).

(～區, formerly ～市) Hailar (a district of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, a former county-level city of former Hulunbuir League)


大舵手

ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˋ ㄕㄡˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˋ ㄕㄡˇ

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² tʰɔː²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² tʰɔː²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

(historical) the Great Helmsman, (referring to Mao Zedong)


九洞

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

(～新村) Jelapang (a town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia)


宜力

(～縣) Gerik (a mukim of Hulu Perak district, Perak, Malaysia)


華玲

/xu̯ä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Baling (a district of Kedah, Malaysia)


吉輦

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Kerian (a district of Perak, Malaysia)


高淵

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

Possibly from the name of the Kerian River, which would make it cognate with the district name 吉輦／吉辇 (Jíniǎn, “Kerian”).

Nibong Tebal (a town in Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia)


萬津

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Banting (a town in Kuala Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia)


教總

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

short for 馬來西亞華校教師會總會／马来西亚华校教师会总会 (Mǎláixīyà huáxiào jiàoshī huì zǒnghuì, “The United Chinese School Teachers' Association of Malaysia”)


董總

→ English: Dong Zong

→ Malay: Dong Zong

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

short for 馬來西亞華校董事聯合會總會／马来西亚华校董事联合会总会 (Mǎláixīyà huáxiào dǒngshì liánhéhuì zǒnghuì, “United Chinese School Committees Association of Malaysia, Dong Zong”)


董教總

ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄗㄨㄥˇ

ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄗㄨㄥˇ

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Short for 董總／董总 (Dǒngzǒng) + 教總／教总 (Jiàozǒng).

zh-etym-short

(Malaysia) A collective name for the United Chinese School Committees Association of Malaysia (UCSCAM) and the United Chinese School Teachers' Association of Malaysia (UCSTAM).


利豐港

/li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sungai Mati (a town in Serom, Tangkak district, Johor, Malaysia)


木里

/mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

藏族自治縣 藏族自治縣#Chinese

(～藏族自治縣, ～縣) Muli (an autonomous county of Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)


貞觀

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³³/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³³/

era name of Emperor Taizong of Tang (627—649)

one of the era names of Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia (1101–1113)


蘭陵

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蘭陵):
* → Japanese: 蘭(らん)陵(りょう) (Ranryō)

/län³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/län³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Lanling (a county of Linyi, Shandong, China)


法勒斯

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ lɐk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ lɐk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

Ultimately from Hebrew פֶּרֶץ (pérets), probably via English Pharez.

(Protestantism) Perez (the father of Hezron)


阿都沁

/ˀä⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵¹/

Horqin Left Rear Banner
Horqin Left Rear Banner#English

(～蘇木) Aduqin (a sumu in Horqin Left Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


韶州

/ʂɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China)


布魯特

/pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/


庫蘭薩日克

ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

Куланьсажикэ

/kʰu⁵¹ län³⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰu⁵¹ län³⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Kulansarak (a township in Akqi, Kizilsu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


剪石布

/t͡saiŋ²¹ t͡siɔ⁵⁵ piɔ³³/

/t͡saiŋ²¹ t͡siɔ⁵⁵ piɔ³³/

(Northern Min) rock paper scissors (game)


達坂城

/tä³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːt̚² paːn³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tä³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːt̚² paːn³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Dabancheng (a district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Dabancheng (a town in Dabancheng district, Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


粵港澳

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² kɔːŋ³⁵ ou̯³³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² kɔːŋ³⁵ ou̯³³/


米芝蓮

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵ liːn²¹/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵ liːn²¹/


二十四孝

Sino-Xenic (二十四孝):
* → Japanese: 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)孝(こう) (nijūshikō)
* → Korean: 이십사효(二十四孝) (isipsahyo)
* → Vietnamese: Nhị thập tứ hiếu (二十四孝)

ㄦˋ ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄒㄧㄠˋ

ㄦˋ ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄒㄧㄠˋ

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː²² sɐp̚² sei̯³³ haːu̯³³/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː²² sɐp̚² sei̯³³ haːu̯³³/


二十四史

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sz̩⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² sɐp̚² sei̯³³ siː³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sz̩⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² sɐp̚² sei̯³³ siː³⁵/


林森

/lɐm²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

Named after Chinese politician 林森 (Lín Sēn).

named-after

(～縣) (historical) Old name for 閩侯／闽侯 (Mǐnhòu).


庚子俄難

ㄍㄥ ㄗˇ ㄜˊ ㄋㄢˋ

ㄍㄥ ㄗˇ ㄜˋ ㄋㄢˋ

Гэнцзы Э Нань

/kɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ³⁵ nän⁵¹/

/kɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nän⁵¹/

/kɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ ŋɔː²¹ naːn²²/

/kɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ³⁵ nän⁵¹/

/kɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nän⁵¹/

/kɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ ŋɔː²¹ naːn²²/

1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogroms (a series of killings and reprisals of Chinese residents of Blagoveshchensk and in the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River in the Amur region by Russian authorities)


雅江

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yajiang, Nyagchukha (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


崑玉

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

(～市) Kunyu (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


達旺

/tä³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/taːt̚² wɔːŋ²²/

/tä³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/taːt̚² wɔːŋ²²/

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English

Tawang (an administrative district of Arunachal Pradesh, India)

Tawang (a town, the district headquarters of Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India)


阿魯納恰爾

ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ

ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～邦) Arunachal Pradesh (a state of India)


芒康

/mɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Markam (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


貢覺

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kɔːk̚³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kɔːk̚³/

(～縣) Gonjo (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


劍門關

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄢ

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄢ

Цзяньмэньгуань

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ mən³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ mən³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

Jianmen Pass (a mountain pass located Jiange, Sichuan)


鎮南關

Чжэньнаньгуань

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ nän³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ naːm²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ nän³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ naːm²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Old name for 友誼關／友谊关 (Yǒuyì Guān, “Friendship Gate”).


獨山子

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊk̚² saːn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊk̚² saːn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(～區) Dushanzi (a district of Karamay, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


登巴薩

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ saːt̚³/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ saːt̚³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Denpasar (the capital city of Bali, Indonesia)


丹帕沙

/tän⁵⁵ pʰä⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pʰä⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Denpasar (the capital city of Bali, Indonesia)


伊塞克湖

ㄧ ㄙㄞˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄧ ㄙㄞˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨˊ

/i⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ wuː²¹/

/i⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ wuː²¹/

Issyk Kul (a large freshwater lake in eastern Kyrgyzstan)


茶卡

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཚྭ་ཁ། (tshwa kha, “salt field; salt lake”).

bor

(～鹽湖) Chaka Salt Lake (a lake in Ulan, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)

(～鎮) Chaka (a town in Ulan, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


茶卡鹽湖

ㄔㄚˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄔㄚˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ jiːm²¹ wuː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ jiːm²¹ wuː²¹/


呼市

/xu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/xu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

short for 呼和浩特市 (Hūhéhàotè Shì, “Hohhot”)


韃清

/tä³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/


授時曆

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

Shoushi calendar (a calendar used during the Yuan dynasty)


青康藏高原

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄎㄤ ㄗㄤˋ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄎㄤ ㄗㄤˋ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

Цинканцзан Гаоюань

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


蓮塘

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/liːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/liːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(～街道) Liantang (a subdistrict of Luohu district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


孔叢子

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄗˇ

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄗˇ

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

The Kong Family Master's Anthology (collection of fictional debates created by Confucius, parts of which were forged in the third century AD by Wang Su)


高昌

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Gaochang (a district of Turpan, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(historical) Gaochang; Karakhoja (an ancient oasis city located in present-day Turpan)


鄯善

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

(～縣) Shanshan (a county of Turpan, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(historical) Shanshan (an ancient kingdom located at the north-eastern end of the Taklamakan Desert near Lop Nur)


高昌回鶻

ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ

Гаочан Хуэйху

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ wuːi̯²¹ wɐt̚²/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ wuːi̯²¹ wɐt̚²/

Qocho (an ancient Uyghur kingdom created in 843 CE)


胡楊河

/xu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuː²¹ jœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuː²¹ jœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～市) Huyanghe (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


可克達拉

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(～市) Kokdala (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


四子王

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

(～旗) Dorbod (a banner in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


火焰山

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ jiːm²² saːn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ jiːm²² saːn⁵⁵/

Flaming Mountains (a red sandstone ridge located in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang)


瞿塘峽

ㄑㄩˊ ㄊㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/kʰɵy̯²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹ haːp̚²/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/kʰɵy̯²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹ haːp̚²/

Qutang Gorge (the shortest of China's Three Gorges)


西陵峽

ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/ɕi⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹ haːp̚²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹ haːp̚²/

Xiling Gorge (the easternmost and largest of China's Three Gorges)


南柯太守傳

ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄜ ㄊㄞˋ ㄕㄡˇ ㄓㄨㄢˋ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄜ ㄊㄞˋ ㄕㄡˇ ㄓㄨㄢˋ

Нанькэ Тайшоу Чжуань

/nän³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

The Governor of Nanke (a Tang dynasty chuanqi by Li Gongzuo)


畢加索

ㄅㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

ㄅㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

/pi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³/

/pi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³/


畢卡索

ㄅㄧˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

ㄅㄧˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

/pi⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ soʔ³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sɤʔ³²/

/pi⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ soʔ³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sɤʔ³²/


梵高

/fän⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fän⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


梵谷

/fän⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/huan²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/huan²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/fän⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/huan²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/huan²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/


霍城

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

霍 (Huò) is short for 霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī)

zh-l

霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī)

(～縣) Huocheng (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


遼東灣

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


宜章

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yizhang (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


臨武

/lin³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lin³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Linwu (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


汝城

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Rucheng (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


桂東

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guidong (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


永興

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yongxing (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


安仁

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(～縣) Anren (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


杭州灣

/xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


膠州灣

Цзяочжоувань

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


萊州灣

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


渤海灣

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/puːt̚² hɔːi̯³⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/puːt̚² hɔːi̯³⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


西朝鮮灣

ㄒㄧ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄨㄢ

ㄒㄧ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄨㄢ

Сичаосяньвань

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


雲貴高原

ㄩㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄩㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

Юньгуй Гаоюань

/yn³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ kʷɐi̯³³ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/yn³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ kʷɐi̯³³ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/


烏蘭固木

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨˋ ㄇㄨˋ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨˋ ㄇㄨˋ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kuː³³ mʊk̚²/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kuː³³ mʊk̚²/

cog

Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠩᠭᠣᠮ (ulaɣangɣom)

Ulaangom (the capital city of Uvs, Mongolia)


瞌睡喬

ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ

ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Calque of English Sleepy Joe, the nickname for Joe Biden coined by his political opponent Donald Trump.

(neologism, humorous, sarcastic) Sleepy Joe; Joe Biden


五月端午

/u¹¹ yeʔ⁵ tuã³¹ u⁴⁴/

/vu⁵³ yəʔ² tuæ̃¹¹ vu⁵³/

/u¹¹ yeʔ⁵ tuã³¹ u⁴⁴/

/vu⁵³ yəʔ² tuæ̃¹¹ vu⁵³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin) Dragon Boat Festival, a Chinese holiday on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the traditional Chinese calendar


攸縣

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyːn²²/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyːn²²/

You County (a county of Zhuzhou, Hunan, China)


雙牌

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Shuangpai (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


江永

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ¹³/

(～縣) Jiangyong (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


道縣

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Dao County (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


祁東

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Qidong (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


衡南

/xɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Hengnan (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


衡東

/xɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Hengdong (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


冷水灘

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵ tʰaːn⁵⁵/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵ tʰaːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Lengshuitan (a district of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


打箭爐

ㄉㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄨˊ

ㄉㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄨˊ

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ lu³⁵/

From Tibetan དར་རྩེ་མདོ (dar rtse mdo) (Ma, 1987). Written as 打煎爐／打煎炉 in the Ming dynasty.
Folk etymology derives the place name from the legend of Shu Han chancellor and military strategist Zhuge Liang, during his southern campaign, dispatching a general called Guo Da (郭達) to set up furnaces and forge arrows there. However, it is doubtful whether Guo Da was an actual historical figure.

Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign


石狩

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石(いし)狩(かり) (Ishikari).

(～市) Ishikari (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Ishikari District
Ishikari District#English

(～郡) Ishikari District (a district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

(～川) Ishikari River (a river in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


厚田

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ tʰiːn²¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鄉) Houtian (a township in Xinjian district, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)


厚田

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 厚(あつ)田(た) (Atsuta).

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ tʰiːn²¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ tʰiːn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～村) Atsuta (a ward in Ishikari, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan; a former village in Atsuta district)

(～郡) Atsuta (a former district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


濱益

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浜(はま)益(ます) (Hamamasu).

(～村) Hamamasu (a former village in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Hamamasu District
Hamamasu District#English

(～郡) Hamamasu District (a former district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


新篠津

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄣ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄣ

Синьсяоцзинь

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新(しん)篠(しの)津(つ) (Shinshinotsu).

(～村) Shinshinotsu (a village in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


當別

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 当(とう)別(べつ) (Tōbetsu).

(～町) Tōbetsu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


濰城

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Weicheng (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


寒亭

/xän³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/xän³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Hanting (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


奎文

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ wən³⁵/

/fuːi̯⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ wən³⁵/

/fuːi̯⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(～區) Kuiwen (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


坊子

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(～區) Fangzi (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


三角湧

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁵³/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ⁵³/

Old name for 三峽／三峡 (Sānxiá, “Sanxia (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)”).


綏來

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Old name for 瑪納斯／玛纳斯 (Mǎnàsī, “Manas County (a county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)”).


尼赫魯

/ni³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


貓里

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ba²³⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/ba²³⁻³³ li²³/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ba²³⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/ba²³⁻³³ li²³/

(historical) a former name of Miaoli, Taiwan


綏定

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Suiding (a former county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


定邊

/tiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dingbian (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


漢源

/xän⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jyːn²¹/

/xän⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Hanyuan (a county of Ya'an, Sichuan, China)


黎平

/li³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/li³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Liping (a county of Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


原陽

→ English: Yuanyang

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yuanyang (a county of Xinxiang, Henan, China)


綏德

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Suide (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


巴彥浩特

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ (bayanqota).

Alxa Left Banner
Alxa Left Banner#English

(～鎮) Bayanhot (a town in Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


米東

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

From 米泉 (Mǐquán, “Miquan (a former county-level city of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture)”) + 東山／东山 (Dōngshān, “Dongshan (a former district of Ürümqi)”), which merged to give the current Midong district.

zh-l

(～區) Midong (a district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


三重埔

/sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

(dated or Hokkien) (～區, formerly ～市, ～鎮) Sanchong (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)


樂浪

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² lɔːŋ²²/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² lɔːŋ²²/

(historical) (～郡) Lelang Commandery (a commandery of the Han dynasty)


衛滿朝鮮

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ

ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ

Вэй Мань Чаосянь

/weɪ̯⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² muːn¹³ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² muːn¹³ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/


漢四郡

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sei̯³³ kʷɐn²²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sei̯³³ kʷɐn²²/

Four Commanderies of Han (Chinese commanderies located in the north of the Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula from around the end of the second century BC through the early 4th AD)


大同江

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

The rain has stopped, and by the long bank, the grassy hue is thick. To send my love away at Nampo moves me to sad songs. When will the waters of the Taedong ever run dry? For my longing tears, year after year, will add to the blue waves.

U hyeol jang je chosaek da, song gun Nampo dong biga. Daedonggang su hasi jin, byeol lu nyeonnyeon cheom nong pa.

雨歇長堤草色多，送君^南浦動悲歌。^大同江水何時盡，別淚年年添綠波。

By the Taedong I bid my love farewell; the willow's thousand strands could not hold him back. Tearful eyes stare at tearful eyes, heartbroken woman facing heartbroken man.

Poem attributed to a Pyong'yang courtesan, 1800s

Daedonggang sang byeol jeong'in, yangnyu cheon sa mi gye in. Hamnu an gan hamnu an, danjang in dae danjang in.

大同江上別情人，楊柳千絲未繫人。含淚眼看含淚眼，斷腸人對斷腸人。


玄菟

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu⁵¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu⁵¹/

(historical) (～郡) Xuantu Commandery (a commandery of the Han dynasty)


雅爾塔

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaːp̚³/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaːp̚³/


額敏

/ˀɤ³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːk̚² mɐn¹³/

/ˀɤ³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːk̚² mɐn¹³/

(～縣) Emin (a county of Tacheng prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


巴拉望

/pä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ mɔːŋ²²/

/pä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ mɔːŋ²²/

(～島) Palawan (an island in the Philippines)


新邵

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siːu̯²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siːu̯²²/

(～縣) Xinshao (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


隆回

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Longhui (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


邵東

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Shaodong (a county-level city of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


城步

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯²²/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Chengbu (an autonomous county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


南縣

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Nan County, Nanxian (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


桃江

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Taojiang (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


安化

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～縣) Anhua (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


尼勒克

/ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Nilka (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


鞏留

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

(～縣) Gongliu (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


新嘉波

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ ^((pʰ-))βo⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ ^((pʰ-))βo⁵⁵/

(dated) Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


澧縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

Li County, Lixian (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


安鄉

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Anxiang (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


漢壽

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sɐu̯²²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sɐu̯²²/

(～縣) Hanshou (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


臨澧

/lin³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

/lin³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

(～縣) Linli (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


桑植

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

(～縣) Sangzhi (a county of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


慈利

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ lei̯²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ lei̯²²/

(～縣) Cili (a county of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


七飯

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ faːn²²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ faːn²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 七(なな)飯(え) (nanae).

(～町) Nanae (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


阿穆爾

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ mʊk̚² jiː¹³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ mʊk̚² jiː¹³/


木古內

/mu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² kuː³⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

/mu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² kuː³⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 木(き)古(こ)内(ない) (Kikonai).

(～町) Kikonai (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


知內

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 知(しり)内(うち) (Shiriuchi).

(～町) Shiriuchi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


漵浦

/ɕy⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

/ɕy⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Xupu (a county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


靖州

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

苗族侗族自治縣 苗族侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族侗族自治縣, ～縣) Jingzhou (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


新晃

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Xinhuang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


芷江

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Zhijiang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


麻陽

/mä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/maː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/mä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/maː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Mayang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


永順

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɵn²²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɵn²²/

(～縣) Yongshun (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


保靖

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Baojing (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


花垣

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Huayuan (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


長萬部

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長(おしゃ)万(まん)部(べ) (Oshamanbe).

(～町) Oshamambe (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


八打雁

/pä⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵¹/

/paːt̚³ taː³⁵ ŋaːn²²/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

/pä⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵¹/

/paːt̚³ taː³⁵ ŋaːn²²/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

(～省) Batangas (a province of the Philippines)

(～市) Batangas City (the capital city of Batangas, Philippines)


辰谿

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chenxi (a county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


東胡

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

Likely unrelated to Russian тунгус (tungus) and English Tungus. According to Pulleybank (1983), the similarity in the pronunciation of 東胡／东胡 (Dōnghú) and Tungus is coincidental, as the Donghu people were proto-Mongols whose language was not Tungusic.

東胡／东胡 (Dōnghú)

From Mount Chang to Dai and Shangdang, our lands border Yan and the Donghu in the east, and to the west we have the Loufan and shared borders with Qin and Han. Nevertheless, we have no mounted archers ready for action.

Zhanguo Ce, circa 5ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ centuries BCE

Zì Chángshān yǐzhì Dài, Shàngdǎng, dōng yǒu Yān, Dōnghú zhī jìng, xī yǒu Lóufán, Qín, Hán zhī biān, ér wú qíshè zhī bèi.

自常山以至代、上黨，東有燕、東胡之境，西有樓煩、秦、韓之邊，而無騎射之備。

自常山以至代、上党，东有燕、东胡之境，西有楼烦、秦、韩之边，而无骑射之备。

Donghu (a historical tribal confederation of nomadic people that inhabited present-day northern Hebei, southeastern Inner Mongolia and western Northeast China)


前三島

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Qiansandao (a township of China, disputed between Lianyun district, Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Lanshan district, Rizhao, Shandong)


太平洋戰爭

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄥ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄥ

Тайпинъян Чжаньчжэн

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹ t͡siːn³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/


門源

/mən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/mən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Homophonous replacement for 亹源 from 1959.

回族自治縣 回族自治縣#Chinese

(～回族自治縣, ～縣) Menyuan (an autonomous county of Haibei prefecture, Qinghai, China)


深嶺

/ʂən⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂən⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Shenling (a village in Tongyu, Chaoyang district, Shantou)


江差

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 江(え)差(さし) (esashi).

(～町) Esashi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


嚴州

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～府) (historical) Yanzhou Prefecture (an ancient prefecture during the Ming and Qing dynasties, whose capital was located in present-day Jiande, Zhejiang, China)


拆禮物日

ㄔㄞ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄖˋ

ㄔㄞ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄖˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐi̯¹³ mɐt̚² jɐt̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐi̯¹³ mɐt̚² jɐt̚²/


節禮日

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/


淳安

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chun'an (a county of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


莫洛托夫

ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄈㄨ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄈㄨ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lɔːk̚² tʰɔːk̚³ fuː⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lɔːk̚² tʰɔːk̚³ fuː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Russian Молотов (Molotov).


亞瑟王

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐt̚⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐt̚⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/


圓桌騎士

ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨㄛ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕˋ

ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨㄛ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕˋ

Юаньчжо Циши

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


邊沁

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵¹/

Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher and social reformer.


斯利那加

ㄙ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄙ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

/sz̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

Srinagar (a city located in the Kashmir Valley on the banks of the river Jhelum)


斯塔諾夫山脈

ㄙ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄞˋ

ㄙ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄞˋ

Сытанофу Шаньмай

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/


回部

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/


羅浮山

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ fɐu̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ fɐu̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

Mount Luofu (a mountain in Guangdong, China)


蘇門達臘

ㄙㄨ ㄇㄣˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚˋ

ㄙㄨ ㄇㄣˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚˋ

/su⁵⁵ mən³⁵ tä³⁵ lä⁵¹/

/su⁵⁵ mən³⁵ tä³⁵ lä⁵¹/

蘇門答臘 蘇門答臘#Chinese

苏门答腊 苏门答腊#Chinese

Alternative name for 蘇門答臘／苏门答腊 (Sūméndálà, “Sumatra”).


漢考克

/xän⁵¹ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xän⁵¹ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/


因陀羅

ㄧㄣ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄧㄣ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/in⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ tʰɔː²¹ lɔː²¹/

/in⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ tʰɔː²¹ lɔː²¹/

[T]here was an iron pillar or an Indra’s pillar with a deep base, securely planted, immobile, unshaking. Even if a forceful blast of wind comes—whether from the east, the west, the north, or the south—that pillar would not shake, quake, or tremble.

c. mid. 5th century, Guṇabhadra (求那跋陀羅), trans. The Saṃyuktāgama (雜阿含經). English text based on the parallel text SN 56.39 of the Pali Tipiṭaka, trans. Bhikkhu Bodhi.

Pìrú Yīntuóluó zhù, tóng tiě zuò zhī, yú shēnrù dì zhōng, sìfāng měng fēng bùnéng lìng dòng.

譬如因陀羅柱，銅鐵作之，於深入地中，四方猛風不能令動。

譬如因陀罗柱，铜铁作之，于深入地中，四方猛风不能令动。

Indra brought forth the kine with his Companions.

Jin Kemu (金克木), trans. The Rigveda X. 89, in 《梵語文學史》 (A History of Sanskrit Literature), 1980. English text based on the translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith.

Yīntuóluó hé tāde duìwǔ dàilái le qúnniú.

因陀羅和他的隊伍帶來了群牛。

因陀罗和他的队伍带来了群牛。


洛東江

ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄤ

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Nakdong River (the longest river in South Korea)


類烏齊

/leɪ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/lɵy̯²² wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/leɪ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/lɵy̯²² wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Riwoche (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


德王

/tɤ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

德 (Dé) is short for 德穆楚克棟魯普／德穆楚克栋鲁普, from Mongolian ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠦᠭᠳᠥᠨᠷᠥᠪ (demčüɣdönröb).

zh-etym-short

short for 德穆楚克棟魯普／德穆楚克栋鲁普

bor

ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠦᠭᠳᠥᠨᠷᠥᠪ

Demchugdongrub (chairman of the puppet Mongol Military Government and later of the puppet state of Mengjiang)


天上聖母

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄤˋ ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄤˋ ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄨˇ

Тяньшан Шэнму

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sœːŋ²² sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bu⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sœːŋ²² sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bu⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɤ⁴¹/


可可托海

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄞˇ

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː³⁵ hɔː³⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ hɔː³⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Koktokay (a town in Fuyun, Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雲州

/yn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Yunzhou (a district of Datong, Shanxi, China)


彭澤

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

(～縣) Pengze (a county of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


太僕寺

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

(～旗) Taibus (a banner in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


寶昌

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Baochang (a town in Taibus, Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


壽昌

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shouchang (a town in Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～縣) (historical) Shouchang (a former county of Zhejiang, China, now part of Jiande)


彭佳嶼

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pʰẽ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/pʰĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pʰẽ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/pʰĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

Pengjia Islet (an island of Zhongzheng district, Keelung, Taiwan)


蘇岩礁

/su⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ ŋaːm²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/su⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ ŋaːm²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

Socotra Rock (a submerged rock in the Yellow Sea)


德光島

/tɤ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/tiɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔŋ³³ to⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ to⁵³/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/tɤ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/tiɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔŋ³³ to⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ to⁵³/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

德光 is borrowed from Malay Tekong, possibly via Hokkien.


黑潮

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 黒(くろ)潮(しお) (kuroshio).

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/haːk̚⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/haːk̚⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/


武周

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

武 (Wǔ, “Wu (family name of Wu Zetian)”) + 周 (Zhōu, “Zhou (name of the dynasty)”).

Zhou dynasty (a short-lived dynasty declared by Wu Zetian that existed between 690 and 705 AD)


克林頓

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/hɐk̚⁵ lɐm²¹ tɵn²²/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/hɐk̚⁵ lɐm²¹ tɵn²²/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) A transliteration of the English surname Clinton


柯林頓

ㄎㄜ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄎㄜ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the English surname Clinton


列根

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong) A transliteration of the English surname Reagan


雷根

/leɪ̯³⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kɐn⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kɐn⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the English surname Reagan


里根

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) A transliteration of the English surname Reagan

(Mainland China) A transliteration of the English male given name Reagan


薩彥嶺

ㄙㄚˋ ㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛn⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛn⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sayan Mountains (a mountain range in southern Siberia, Russia)


義州

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～郡) Uiju (a county of North Pyongan Province, North Korea)

(historical) Yizhou (a historical prefecture of China, which existed between 1151 and 1913 and was located in present-day Yi County (義縣／义县), Liaoning)


義縣

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yi County, Yixian (a county of Jinzhou, Liaoning, China)


理藩院

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/lei̯¹³ faːn²¹ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/lei̯¹³ faːn²¹ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

Lifan Yuan (an agency in the government of the Qing dynasty which managed the Qing Empire's frontiers in Inner Asia)


哲孟雄

ㄓㄜˊ ㄇㄥˋ ㄒㄩㄥˊ

ㄓㄜˊ ㄇㄥˋ ㄒㄩㄥˊ

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

cog

འབྲས་མོ་ལྗོངས


赫魯雪夫

ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄈㄨ

ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄈㄨ

/xɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/

Хрущёв Хрущёв#Russian

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв (Xruščóv), Khrushchev


未撇朱

/ˈui¹¹ pʰiɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy²¹³/

/ˈui¹¹ pʰiɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy²¹³/

(Gan) Used to differentiate the surname 朱 (zhū).


港中大

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

(Mainland China, Taiwan) short for 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong”)


馬克龍

ㄇㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ hɐk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/maː¹³ haːk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ hɐk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/maː¹³ haːk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) A transliteration of the French surname Macron


馬克宏

ㄇㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄥˊ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄥˊ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the French surname Macron


滑大

/xu̯ä³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ tä⁵¹/

short for 滑鐵盧大學／滑铁卢大学 (Huátiělú Dàxué, “University of Waterloo”)


羌年

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/


柯尼斯堡

ㄎㄜ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄎㄜ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


波茲南

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ naːm²¹/


別失八里

ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄕ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄕ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˇ

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Transcription of an Old Uyghur word composed of 𐽼𐽶𐽻 (béš, “five”) and 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽵 (balïk, “city”).

(historical) Beshbalik; Bechbaliq (an ancient city located in present-day Jimsar county, Xinjiang, China)


臨津江

ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ

Линьцзиньцзян

/lin³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɵn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɵn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Imjin River (a river in the Korean Peninsula)


中山陵

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/


斯大林格勒

ㄙ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄙ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

Сыдалиньгэлэ

/sz̩⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ lin³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ lin³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

(historical) Stalingrad (former name of Volgograd: a city, the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia, and site of a famous World War II battle; used from 1925–1961)


史太林

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/siː³⁵ tʰaːi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/siː³⁵ tʰaːi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

Ста́лин Сталин#Russian

(Hong Kong) A transliteration of the Russian surname Ста́лин (Stálin), Stalin


史達林格勒

ㄕˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄕˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

Шидалиньгэлэ

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ lin³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵ lin³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/


蘇台德

/su⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/su⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ tɐk̚⁵/


司法警察

ㄙ ㄈㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ

ㄙ ㄈㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ

/sz̩⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ faːt̚³ kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ faːt̚³ kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

(Macau) the Judiciary Police, a branch of police responsible for criminal investigation in Macau.


威爾遜

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕyn⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ sɵn³³/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕyn⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ sɵn³³/

A transliteration of the English surname Wilson


木壘

/mu⁵¹ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² lɵy̯¹³/

/mu⁵¹ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² lɵy̯¹³/

哈薩克自治縣 哈薩克自治縣#Chinese

(～哈薩克自治縣, ～縣) Mori (an autonomous county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


普魯士王國

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄕˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄕˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Пулуши Ванго

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/


任地獄

/ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/jɐm²² tei̯²² jʊk̚²/

/ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/jɐm²² tei̯²² jʊk̚²/

From 任天堂 (Rèntiāntáng, “Nintendo”), replacing 天堂 (tiāntáng, “heaven”) with 地獄／地狱 (dìyù, “hell”) to show hatred.

zh-l

地獄／地狱 (dìyù, “hell”)

Praise Sony, and may Heaven destroy Nintendo.

索尼大法好，天滅任地獄

索尼大法好，天灭任地狱

(Internet slang, derogatory) Nintendo; Nintenblows


衝鋒隊

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

(law enforcement) the Emergency Unit (EU) of the Hong Kong Police Force


南滿

/nän³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


北滿

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


潛山

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Qianshan (a county-level city of Anqing, Anhui, China)


滿鐵

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historical) short for 南滿洲鐵道／南满洲铁道 (nán Mǎnzhōu tiědào, “South Manchuria Railway”)


鐵托

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːt̚³ tʰɔːk̚³/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːt̚³ tʰɔːk̚³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Tito (surname)


狄托

/ti³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ti³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


公保

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ po⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ po⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/


察隅

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྫ་ཡུལ (rdza yul).

(～縣) Zayü (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


紐交所

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄙㄨㄛˇ

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

short for 紐約證券交易所／纽约证券交易所 (Niǔyuē zhèngquàn jiāoyìsuǒ, “NYSE; New York Stock Exchange”)


特不靠譜

ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄠˋ ㄆㄨˇ

ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄠˋ ㄆㄨˇ

/tʰɤ⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(neologism, slang, derogatory) Donald Trump


瓜達爾

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷaː⁵⁵ taːt̚² jiː¹³/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷaː⁵⁵ taːt̚² jiː¹³/

Gwadar (a port city of Balochistan, Pakistan)


蒙哥

/mɤŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/


多爾袞

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kʷɐn³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kʷɐn³⁵/

Dorgon (a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty)


拖雷

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔː⁵⁵ lɵy̯²¹/

/tʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lui²⁴/

/tʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lui¹³/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔː⁵⁵ lɵy̯²¹/

/tʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lui²⁴/

/tʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lui¹³/

Tolui (the fourth son of Genghis Khan and a regent of the Mongol Empire)


萬曆

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

(～帝) the Wanli Emperor (the fourteenth emperor of the Ming dynasty)

the Wanli era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1573 to 1620)


崇禎

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～帝) the Chongzhen Emperor (the seventeenth and final emperor of the Ming dynasty)

the Chongzhen era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1628 to 1644)


波德申

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Port Dickson (a district of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Port Dickson (a coastal town, the capital of Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


國會大廈

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄚˋ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄚˋ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂä⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ taːi̯²² haː²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂä⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ taːi̯²² haː²²/


興國

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

(～縣) Xingguo (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


希魔

/ɕi⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/


安提法

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from English Antifa, ultimately derived from German Antifa.

Antifa (especially the American Antifa movement)


驢黨

/ly³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ly³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(metonymic) Democratic Party (United States)


象黨

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(metonymic) Republican Party (United States)


扎賚諾爾

ㄓㄚ ㄌㄞˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ

ㄓㄚ ㄌㄞˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～區) Jalainur, Zhalainuo'er (a district of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


通俄門

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹ muːn²¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹ muːn²¹/

(neologism) Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections


當勞

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

(chiefly Cantonese) A transliteration of the English male given name Donald


通烏門

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ mən³⁵/


通江

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Tongjiang (a county of Bazhong, Sichuan, China)


廣昌

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guangchang (a county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


二萬五千里長征

ㄦˋ ㄨㄢˋ ㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄤˊ ㄓㄥ

ㄦˋ ㄨㄢˋ ㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄤˊ ㄓㄥ

Эрваньуцяньли Чанчжэн

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wän⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²² maːn²² ŋ̍¹³ t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

(history) Long March (the military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, October 1934–October 1935)


合歡山

/xɤ³⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² huan⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² huan⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

Mount Hehuan; Hehuanshan (a mountain in Central Taiwan)


蘇州園林

ㄙㄨ ㄓㄡ ㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄙㄨ ㄓㄡ ㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

Сучжоу Юаньлинь

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ lin³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³³ ɦyø³³ lin²¹/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹ ɦyø²² lin⁴⁴/

/səu⁴⁴ t͡søy ɦyø²² lin³³/

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ lin³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³³ ɦyø³³ lin²¹/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹ ɦyø²² lin⁴⁴/

/səu⁴⁴ t͡søy ɦyø²² lin³³/

short for 蘇州古典園林／苏州古典园林 (Sūzhōu gǔdiǎn yuánlín, “Classical Gardens of Suzhou”)


食鬼

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪk̚² kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪk̚² kʷɐi̯³⁵/


斯普拉特利群島

ㄙ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄙ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Сыпулатэли Цюньдао

/sz̩⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚² lei̯²² kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/


爪哇海

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːu̯³⁵ waː⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːu̯³⁵ waː⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/


小叮噹

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵/


卡爾梅克

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄇㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄇㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Transliteration of Russian калмы́к m anim sg (kalmýk, “Kalmyk”, noun), from Kipchak قالماق (qālmāq /qalmaq/).


墨索里尼

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/mɐk̚² sɔːk̚³ lei̯¹³ nei̯²¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/mɐk̚² sɔːk̚³ lei̯¹³ nei̯²¹/


薩達姆

/sä⁵¹ tä³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sä⁵¹ tä³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

صَدَّام صدام#Arabic

A transliteration of the Arabic male given name صَدَّام (ṣaddām), Saddam


恰克圖

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˊ

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

Transliteration of Manchu ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡴᡨᡠ (kiyaktu), from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ (kiyaɣtu, ornative toponym).

der

Kyakhta (a town, the administrative centre of the Kyakhtinsky District, Buryatia, Russia)


土默特

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/


土爾扈特

ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡨᡠᡵᡥᡡᡨ (turhūt), from Written Oirat ᡐᡆᠷᡎᡇᡇᡑ (torɣuud).

Torghut (one of the four major subgroups of the Four Oirats)


巴爾虎

/pä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Qing-era transcription of Manchu ᠪᠠᡵᡥᡡ (barhū), in turn from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ (barɣu).

Barga Mongols; Barag (a subgroup of the Mongol people)


齊奧塞斯庫

ㄑㄧˊ ㄠˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄙ ㄎㄨˋ

ㄑㄧˊ ㄠˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄙ ㄎㄨˋ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

(Mainland China) A transliteration of the Romanian surname Ceaușescu


齋桑泊

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/


洞朗

/tʊŋ⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²² lɔːŋ¹³/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²² lɔːŋ¹³/

Borrowed from Tibetan གདོང་ལམ (gdong lam).


衡中

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

short for 衡水中學／衡水中学 (Héngshuǐ Zhōngxué, “Hengshui High School”)


艾比湖

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²² pei̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²² pei̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

Ebi Lake (a rift lake in Xinjiang, China)


沂蒙

Yimeng (the geographical area roughly spanning Mengshan and Yishan, Shandong Province, China)


察布查爾

ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ

ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³ t͡sʰaː²¹ jiː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³ t͡sʰaː²¹ jiː¹³/

錫伯自治縣 錫伯自治縣#Chinese

(～錫伯自治縣, ～縣) Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


大摩

/tä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² mɔː⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² mɔː⁵⁵/


小摩

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Mainland China, Taiwan, colloquial) JPMorgan Chase


細摩

/ɕi⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ mɔː⁵⁵/


桃仔園

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hŋ̍²³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huĩ²³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huĩ²⁴/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hŋ̍²³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰɤ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huĩ²³/

/tʰo²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huĩ²⁴/

Old name for 桃園／桃园 (táoyuán, “Taoyuan”).


日韓

/ʐ̩⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/jɐt̚² hɔːn²¹/

/zəʔ¹¹ ɦø²³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/jɐt̚² hɔːn²¹/

/zəʔ¹¹ ɦø²³/

日韓關係

日韩关系


昭蘇

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhaosu, Mongolküre (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


五印度

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐn³³ tou̯²²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐn³³ tou̯²²/

Coined by Xuanzang (a Chinese Buddhist monk who had travelled to India) in his book The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions [646 CE].
The Puranas divide ancient India into five regions: Pracya (Eastern India), Uttarapatha (Northern India), Aparanta (Western India), Dakshinapatha (Southern India) and Madhyadesha (Central India). 五印度 (Wǔyìndù, literally “five Indias”) is thus a term for all of India.


五天竺

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

The Puranas divide ancient India, known as Jambudvipa, into five regions: Pracya (Eastern India), Uttarapatha (Northern India), Aparanta (Western India), Dakshinapatha (Southern India) and Madhyadesha (Central India). 五天竺 (Wǔtiānzhú, literally “five Indias”) is thus a term for all of India.


五印

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐn³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐn³³/

(obsolete) short for 五印度 (Wǔyìndù, “India”)


卡那卡那富語

Kǎnàkǎnàfùyǔ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄩˇ

Kǎnàkǎnàfùyǔ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄩˇ

Kǎnàkǎnàfùyǔ

Канаканафуюй

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³ jyː¹³/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³ jyː¹³/


拉阿魯哇語

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄩˇ

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄩˇ

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laː⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laː⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ jyː¹³/


雅美語

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ mei̯¹³ jyː¹³/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ mei̯¹³ jyː¹³/


達悟語

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² jyː¹³/

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² jyː¹³/


太魯閣語

ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄩˇ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄩˇ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ jyː¹³/

/tʰai²²⁻²¹ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻²² lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ(ʔ)⁵ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰai²²⁻²¹ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/

/tʰai³³⁻¹¹ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/

/tʰai³³⁻²¹ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ jyː¹³/

/tʰai²²⁻²¹ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻²² lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ(ʔ)⁵ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰai²²⁻²¹ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/

/tʰai³³⁻¹¹ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/

/tʰai³³⁻²¹ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/


撒奇萊雅語

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄩˇ

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄩˇ

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ jyː¹³/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ jyː¹³/


賽德克語

ㄙㄞˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄩˇ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄩˇ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ jyː¹³/


卡那卡那富

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³/

～族 卡那卡那富族#Chinese

(～族) Kanakanavu, Kanakanabu (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)

卡那卡那富族

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

卡那卡那富語

Kǎnàkǎnàfùyǔ

卡那卡那富语

Kǎnàkǎnàfùyǔ


拉阿魯哇

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄩˇ

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄩˇ

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laː⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laː⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵/

(～族) Saaroa (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)


邵語

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯²² jyː¹³/


撒奇萊雅

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/

(～族) Sakizaya (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)


賽德克

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

(～族) Seediq (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group)


納卯

/nä⁵¹ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lap̚²⁴⁻² bau⁵⁵⁴/

/nä⁵¹ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lap̚²⁴⁻² bau⁵⁵⁴/

(Taiwan, Philippines) Davao Region (a region of the Philippines)

(Taiwan, Philippines) (～市) Davao City (a city in the Philippines)

(Taiwan, Philippines) (～省) Davao (a former province of the Philippines)


潮汕儂

/tie⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tio⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tie⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tio⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/


八宿

Borrowed from Tibetan དཔའ་ཤོད (dpa' shod).

(～縣) Baxoi (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


港九

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁴¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu⁴¹/

Short for 香港島／香港岛 (Xiānggǎngdǎo) + 九龍／九龙 (jiǔlóng).


天下九塞

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄙㄞˋ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄙㄞˋ

Тянься Цзю Сай

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹/

(historical) Nine Places of Strategic Importance in the World


得州

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

The usage of the character 得 instead of 德 (dé) is to avoid confusion with Dezhou City in China.

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) short for 得克薩斯州／得克萨斯州 (Dékèsàsī Zhōu, “State of Texas”)


湟中

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Huangzhong (a district of Xining, Qinghai, China, formerly a county)


天峻

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

(～縣) Tianjun (a county of Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


信豐

/ɕin⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xinfeng (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


全南

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

Name change from similar-sounding 虔南 in 1957.

(～縣) Quannan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


安遠

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

(～縣) Anyuan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


定南

/tiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² naːm²¹/

/tiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² naːm²¹/

(～縣) Dingnan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


龍南

/lʊŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Xinfeng (a county-level city and former county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


會昌

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Huichang (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


崇義

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ jiː²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ jiː²²/

(～縣) Chongyi (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


吉隆

Borrowed from Tibetan སྐྱིད་གྲོང (skyid grong).

zh-wp

zh:吉隆鎮 (吉隆縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Gyirong (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～鎮) Gyirong (a town in Gyirong county, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


吉隆

zh:吉隆鎮 (惠東縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Jilong (a town in Huidong, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)


三江源

Саньцзянъюань

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

Sanjiangyuan (an area of the Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai, China, which contains the headwaters of the three great rivers of Asia: the Yellow River, the Yangtze, and the Mekong)


萬安

/wän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maːn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/wän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maːn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

(～縣) Wan'an (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


遂川

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Suichuan (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


布萊梅

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/pou̯³³ lɔːi̯²¹ muːi̯²¹/

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/pou̯³³ lɔːi̯²¹ muːi̯²¹/

(Taiwan) Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


大昭寺

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

Jokhang (a Buddhist temple in Barkhor Square in Lhasa, Tibet)


興登堡

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/


米佐拉姆

ㄇㄧˇ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄇㄧˇ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ

/mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


基也輔

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Many strains of this species were isolated from the soils of the Ukrainian SSR (Dniepropetrovsk, Kiyev, and Stalino Oblasts), Central Asia (Alma-Ata etc.), Siberia, and the Azerbaijan SSR.

G. F. Gause, T. P. Preobrazhenskaya, M. A. Sveshnikova, et al. (1957) 戴冠群, 袁永生, transl., 《拮抗性放線菌的分類問題》 (in Chinese), Beijing: 科學出版社, published 1959, page 31

Zhège zhǒng de xǔduō jūnzhū fēnlí zì Wūkèlán Sūwéi'āi Shèhuìzhǔyì Gònghéguó (Dìnièbóbǐdéluófūsīkè, Jīyěfǔ hé Sīdàlín zhū xǐng), Zhōngyàxìyà (Ālāmùtú děng), Yàbólìyà(sic), Āsài'ěrbàijiāng Sūwéi'āi Shèhuìzhǔyì Gònghéguó děng de tǔrǎng zhōng.

這個種的許多菌株分離自烏克蘭蘇維埃社會主義共和國（第聶伯彼得羅夫斯克、基也輔和斯大林諸省）、中亞細亞（阿拉木圖等）、亞伯利亞(sic)、阿塞爾拜疆蘇維埃社會主義共和國等的土壤中。

这个种的许多菌株分离自乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国（第聂伯彼得罗夫斯克、基也辅和斯大林诸省）、中亚细亚（阿拉木图等）、亚伯利亚(sic)、阿塞尔拜疆苏维埃社会主义共和国等的土壤中。


景棟

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ²²/

Kengtung (a city in Shan State, Myanmar)


撣邦

/ʂän⁵¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/siːn²² pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/siːn²² pɔːŋ⁵⁵/


勐海

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Menghai (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


勐臘

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

(～縣) Mengla (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


孟連

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣 傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Menglian (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


耿馬

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

傣族佤族自治縣 傣族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Gengma (an autonomous county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


安圖

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Antu (a county of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


汪清

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wangqing (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


尼古拉耶夫

ㄋㄧˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄧㄝ ㄈㄨ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄧㄝ ㄈㄨ

/ni³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jɛ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ kuː³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jɛː²¹ fuː⁵⁵/

/ni³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jɛ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ kuː³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jɛː²¹ fuː⁵⁵/

Mykolaiv (the capital city of Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine)


察木多

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ mu⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ mu⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཆབ་མདོ (chab mdo).

(obsolete) Old name for 昌都 (Chāngdū, “Chamdo”).


木爾坦

/mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


波密

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྤོ་མེས (spo mes).

(～縣) Bomê (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


鎮雄

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhenxiong (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


杭嘉湖平原

ㄏㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄏㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

Ханцзяху Пинъюань

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain
w:Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain (a plain in Zhejiang, China)


梅江

/meɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Mei River (a tributary river of the Han River in eastern Guangdong, China)

(～區) Meijiang (a district of Meizhou, Guangdong, China)

Mei River (a tributary river of the Meihua River in western Guangdong, China)


提華納

ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄋㄚˋ

/tʰi³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/tʰi³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ nä⁵¹/

(Taiwan) Tijuana (a city in Baja California, Mexico)


坎昆

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～市) Cancún (a city in Quintana Roo, Mexico)


巴西利卡塔

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

administrative region
administrative region

Basilicata (an administrative region of southern Italy)


戶部巷

ㄏㄨˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ

ㄏㄨˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ

/xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

Hubu Alley (famous food street in Wuhan, China)


景東

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Jingdong (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


普利亞

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


莫利塞

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lei̯²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lei̯²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

Molise (an administrative region of southern Italy)


拉吉歐

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


阿布魯佐

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄨㄛˇ

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄨㄛˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔː³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔː³³/

Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


翁布里亞

ㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


溫布利亞

ㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Taiwan) Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


托斯卡尼

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


利古里亞

ㄌㄧˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² kuː³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² kuː³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


威尼托

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ tʰɔːk̚³/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ tʰɔːk̚³/

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


馬爾凱

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


馬凱

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Taiwan) Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


梵淨山

Фаньцзиншань

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/


東京灣

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

東京灣事件

东京湾事件

(dated in Mainland China, current in Taiwan) Gulf of Tonkin (a gulf in northern Vietnam)


亞丁灣

/jä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/


錯那

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ naː¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ naː¹³/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཚོ་སྣ (mtsho sna).

(～縣) Cona (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


奧運村

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ wɐn²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ wɐn²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～街道) Aoyuncun (a subdistrict of Chaoyang district, Beijing, China)


橫店

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Hengdian (a town in Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


拜城

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ sɪŋ²¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Baicheng (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


呼圖壁

/fuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵/

(～縣) Hutubi (a county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


和田河

ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


蒲犁

/pʰou̯²¹ lɐi̯²¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ lɐi̯²¹/

(historical) Puli (an ancient kingdom in the Xinjiang autonomous region)

(historical) (～縣) Puli (a former county of Xinjiang, China; now Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County)


星星峽

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

(～鎮) Xingxingxia (a town in Yizhou district, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

Xingxingxia (a mountain pass in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


跪臺辦

ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄢˋ

ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄢˋ

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ pän⁵¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ pän⁵¹/

From 國臺辦／国台办 (Guótáibàn, “Taiwan Affairs Office”), as some mainland Chinese criticize the Taiwan Affairs Office for being too soft on Taiwan and always implementing policies that benefit Taiwanese people.


福海

/fu³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/fu³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Fuhai (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


團沙群島

ㄊㄨㄢˊ ㄕㄚ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄊㄨㄢˊ ㄕㄚ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Туаньша Цюньдао

/tʰu̯än³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


渚碧礁

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Named in 1947, replacing the previous name 沙比礁 published in 1935, which is a partial calque of English Subi Reef. Note Subi may be borrowed from Hainanese 丑未, the traditional name given to the reef by Hainanese fishermen.

Subi Reef (a reef in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea)


美濟礁

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Named in 1947, as a phono-semantic matching of English Mischief Reef, replacing the previous name 南惡礁／南恶礁 published in 1935, which is a calque of English Mischief Reef.

psm

Mischief Reef (a reef in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea)


赤瓜礁

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Modified from 赤瓜線／赤瓜线, the traditional name given to the reef by Hainanese fishermen because of the abundant presence of Actinopyga mauritiana (colloquially known as 赤瓜參／赤瓜参 in Chinese) near the reef.

Johnson South Reef (a reef in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea)


三描禮士

ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ

/sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(～省) Zambales (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines)


囊謙

/nɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nɔːŋ²¹ hiːm⁵⁵/

/nɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nɔːŋ²¹ hiːm⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ནང་ཆེན (nang chen).

(～縣) Nangqên (a county of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai, China)


中海

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Zhonghai (a lake in Zhongnanhai, Xicheng district, Beijing, China)


三海

/sän⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


梁河

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Lianghe (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


瑪多

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྨ་སྟོད (rma stod).

(～縣) Madoi (a county of Golog prefecture, Qinghai, China)


疏附

/sɔː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

/sɔː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

(～縣) Shufu (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


菜市口

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Caishikou (a neighbourhood of Xicheng district, Beijing, China)


貢嘎

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kä³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kä³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan གོང་དཀར (gong dkar).

(～縣) Gonggar (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


九展

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/

九龍灣國際展貿中心 w:zh:九龍灣國際展貿中心

(Hong Kong) short for 九龍灣國際展貿中心 (“Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre”)


中新社

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/

中國新聞社 w:zh:中國新聞社


新華社

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄕㄜˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄕㄜˋ

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹ sɛː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴⁻²² sia²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³⁻²² sia²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴⁻¹¹ sia³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³⁻³³ sia³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹ sɛː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴⁻²² sia²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³⁻²² sia²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴⁻¹¹ sia³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³⁻³³ sia³³/


摩通

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

摩根大通 w:zh:摩根大通

(Hong Kong) short for 摩根大通 (“JPMorgan Chase”)


盈江

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named after 大盈江 (Dàyíngjiāng) which flows through the county in 1952.

(～縣) Yingjiang (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


紅原

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Hongyuan (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


稱多

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཁྲི་འདུ (khri 'du).

(～縣) Chindu (a county of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai, China)


勐拉

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

Mong La (a town, the administrative seat of Mong La, Shan State, Myanmar)


小勐拉

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

Mong La (a principal town in Mong La, Shan State, Myanmar)


鬼方

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

First attested in the Shang period's Oracle Bones (Anderson, 2015; Khayutina, 2016).

Guifang (a northern people that fought against the Shang Dynasty; possibly identical with 赤狄 (Chìdí, “Red Di”)'s leaders who bore the surname 隗 (Kuí).


蛤蟆塘

/xä³⁵ mä³ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/xä³⁵ mä³ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) (historical) Hamatang (a town in Dandong, Liaoning, China)


前海

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

Qianhai (a lake in the Shichahai area in Xicheng district, Beijing, China)

深港現代服務業合作區 深港現代服務業合作區#Chinese

w:Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone

(～深港現代服務業合作區) Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone (an area of Nanshan district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


七河

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/