波斯

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (波斯):
* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)
* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)
* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/pʰo³³ sɯ³³/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/pʰo³³ sɯ³³/

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa) (alternatively, from a Sogdian term); first used during the Northern Wei dynasty to refer to the Sasanian Empire.

The state of Persia [Sasanian Empire]: its capital is Istakhr. It is located west of Niumi [in the Anxi Protectorate]. It was formerly the state of Tiaozhi [perhaps Seleucia].

c. 551-554, 魏書 (Book of Wei) by Wei Shou, 卷一百二　列傳第九十　(西域) (Volume 102, Biographies 90: Western Regions)

Bōsī guó, dōu Sùlì chéng, zài Niǔmì xī, gǔ Tiáozhī guó yě.

波斯國，都宿利城，在忸密西，古條支國也。

波斯国，都宿利城，在忸密西，古条支国也。

An extremely evil custom [in these lands] is that their marriage practices are filthy. They take their mother and sisters as wives. In the country of Persia, they also take their mothers as wives.

c. 728, 《往五天竺國傳》 (Account of the Journey to the Five Indias)

Jí'è fēngsú, hūnyīn jiāozá. Nà mǔ jí zǐmèi wéi qī. Bōsī guó yì nà mǔ wéi qī.

極惡風俗，婚姻交雜。納母及姊妹為妻。波斯國亦納母為妻。

极恶风俗，婚姻交杂。纳母及姊妹为妻。波斯国亦纳母为妻。


波剌斯

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


大秦

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵn²¹/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵn²¹/

; "Roman Empire"
:
: In contrast, Zhang (1919) conjectured that the word may have indeed been a borrowing ultimately from Latium, Latinum, etc. (transcribed as 剌丁 in his writing) based on comparisons among Sinitic languages; see also the Baxter–Sagart reconstruction below. However, this etymology remains hypothetical.
; "Roman Levant; Syria region; etc."

Its people are all built tall, robust, balanced, and upright, resembling (the people) of the Zhongguo. For this reason it is called Daqin (the Great Qin).

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Qí rénmín jiē cháng dà píng zhèng, yǒu lèi Zhōngguó, gù wèizhī Dàqín.

其人民皆長大平正，有類中國，故謂之大秦。

其人民皆长大平正，有类中国，故谓之大秦。

(historical and archaic, speculative, imprecise designation in Chinese historiography) the Roman Empire; the City of Rome; etc.

speculative; imprecise designation in Chinese historiography; speculative; imprecise designation in Chinese historiography

Nāgasena asks: "Where was Your Majesty born?" "I was born in Daqin, in a major city named Alexandria," says the King.

c. 4th century, anonymous translator. Bhikkhu Nāgasena Sutta (《那先比丘經》), related to the Milinda Pañha text.

Nàxiān wèn Wáng: “Wáng běnshēng héguó?” Wáng yán: “Wǒ běnshēng Dàqín guó, guó míng Ālìsàn.”

那先問王：「王本生何國？」王言：「我本生大秦國，國名阿荔散。」

那先问王：「王本生何国？」王言：「我本生大秦国，国名阿荔散。」

(historical and archaic, imprecise designation in Chinese historiography) the Hellenistic or Greco-Roman world in general, the West

Angelic powers promulgated the glad tidings, a virgin gave birth to the Holy One in Syria;
A bright star announced the felicitous event, and Persians observing the splendor came to present tribute.

781, Nestorian Stele Inscriptions (《大秦景教流行中國碑》). Translated by Alexander Wylie (偉烈亞力).

Shéntiān xuānqìng, shìnǚ dànshèng yú Dàqín; jǐngxiù gàoxiáng, Bōsī dǔyào yǐ láigòng.

神天宣慶，室女誕聖於大秦；景宿告祥，波斯睹耀以來貢。

神天宣庆，室女诞圣于大秦；景宿告祥，波斯睹耀以来贡。

(historical and archaic, Chinese historiography) the Coele Syria or the Roman Levant; the Syria region under Roman dominion


西海

/ɕi⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～郡) a former commandery in the ancient Liang Province (涼州／凉州 (Liángzhōu)), located in the modern Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai, China

a lake in the Shichahai area of Beijing, China

(～市) Saikai (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


白露

Sino-Xenic (白露):
* → Japanese: 白(はく)露(ろ) (hakuro)
* → Korean: 백로(白露) (baengno)
* → Vietnamese: bạch lộ (白露)

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/

/paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/

/paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

a solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter

(～村) Bailu (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


榮耀

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɪŋ²¹ jiːu̯²²/

/i̯uŋ¹¹ i̯eu̯⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iau²²/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iau⁴¹/

/iɪŋ¹³⁻²² iau²²/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iau³³/

/iɪŋ²³⁻³³ iau³³/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iau³⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɪŋ²¹ jiːu̯²²/

/i̯uŋ¹¹ i̯eu̯⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iau²²/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iau⁴¹/

/iɪŋ¹³⁻²² iau²²/

/iɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iau³³/

/iɪŋ²³⁻³³ iau³³/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iau³⁵/


梵天

Sino-Xenic (梵天):
* → Japanese: 梵天(ぼんてん) (Bonten)
* → Korean: 범천(梵天) (Beomcheon)
* → Vietnamese: Phạm Thiên (梵天)

/fän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


第五

/ti⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯²² ŋ̍¹³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/tɛ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋou²⁴²/

/te²²⁻²¹ ɡɔ²²/

/te³³⁻²¹ ɡɔ³³/

/te³³⁻¹¹ ɡɔ³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔ²²/

/tõĩ³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋou³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯²² ŋ̍¹³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/tɛ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋou²⁴²/

/te²²⁻²¹ ɡɔ²²/

/te³³⁻²¹ ɡɔ³³/

/te³³⁻¹¹ ɡɔ³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔ²²/

/tõĩ³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋou³⁵/


中世

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/


板金

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

(～村) Banjin (a village in Bofan, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


豐滿

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ buan⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ muã⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² muã⁵³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ buan⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ muã⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² muã⁵³/

(～區) Fengman (a district of Jilin City, Jilin Province, China)


吳國

/u³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ŋ̍¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɡɔ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɡɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ɡou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/u³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ŋ̍¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɡɔ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɡɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ɡou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

(historical) the State of Wu (one of the states during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period)

(historical) Eastern Wu (one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period)

(historical) the State of Yang Wu (one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937)


月宮女神

ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ ㄕㄣˊ

ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ ㄕㄣˊ

юэгун нюйшэнь

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³ sɐn²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³ sɐn²¹/

(Greek mythology) Selene (goddess of the Moon)


星巴克

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kʰɤɻ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kʰɤɻ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/


薊國

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/


弗留利

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ

/fu³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/fɐt̚⁵ lɐu̯²¹ lei̯²²/

/fu³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/fɐt̚⁵ lɐu̯²¹ lei̯²²/


弗留利-威尼斯朱利亞

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄟ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙ ㄓㄨ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

fat¹ lau⁴ lei⁶ wai¹ nei⁴ si¹ zyu¹ lei⁶ aa³

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄟ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙ ㄓㄨ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

Фулюливэйнисы Чжулия

/fu³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

fat⁷ lau⁴ lei⁶ wai¹ nei⁴ si¹ dzy¹ lei⁶ aa³

fed¹ leo⁴ léi⁶ wei¹ néi⁴ xi¹ ju¹ léi⁶ a³

/fɐt̚⁵ lɐu̯²¹ lei̯²² wɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ siː⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia


薩摩亞

/sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/saːt̚³ mɔː⁵⁵ aː³³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/saːt̚³ mɔː⁵⁵ aː³³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² a³³/

Samoa (a country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


多米尼克

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ nei̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

/tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰiak̚⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tɔː⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ nei̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

/tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰiak̚⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)

A transliteration of the English male given name Dominic


恩賈梅納

ㄣ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄇㄟˊ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄣ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄇㄟˊ ㄋㄚˋ

/ˀən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ˀən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵ nä⁵¹/


牛津

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/ɡiu²⁴⁻²² tin⁴⁴/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/ɡiu²⁴⁻²² tin⁴⁴/

(～市) Oxford (a city in Oxfordshire, England)

牛津英語詞典

牛津英语词典


安納托利亞

ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

/ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚² tʰɔːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚² tʰɔːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/


小亞細亞

ja-r

小亜細亜(しょうアジア) (shōajia)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (小亞細亞):
* → Japanese: 小亜細亜(しょうアジア) (shōajia)
* → Korean: 소아세아(小亞細亞) (soasea)
* → Vietnamese: Tiểu Á Tế Á (小亞細亞)

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄒㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ aː³³ sɐi̯³³ aː³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ aː³³ sɐi̯³³ aː³³/


上市

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上(かみ)市(いち) (Kamiichi).

(～町) Kamiichi (a town in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


安倍

/ˀän⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 安倍, Abe


白水

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

(～縣) Baishui (a county of Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


白水

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) Tanka (group of people living in junks)


學府

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚²⁴⁻² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁴¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚²⁴⁻² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁴¹/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

(～社區) Xuefu (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


辛亥革命

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

Синьхай Гэмин

/ɕin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²² kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²² kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ²²/


山頂

/ʂän⁵⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tiɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ tɛːŋ³⁵/

/san⁴⁴⁻³⁵ taŋ³¹/

/ɬua⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/ɬũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ³³²/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/suã³³ tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tiɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ tɛːŋ³⁵/

/san⁴⁴⁻³⁵ taŋ³¹/

/ɬua⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/ɬũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ³³²/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/suã³³ tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island#English

(Hong Kong, informal) Victoria Peak; The Peak (a hill on the western half of Hong Kong Island)

(Macau, colloquial) Conde S. Januário Hospital


白玉

Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan དཔལ་ཡུལ (dpal yul).

psm

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

(～縣) Baiyu County (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


白玉

Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan སྦས་ཡུལ (sbas yul, “hidden valley”).

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

Beyul Khenpajong
Beyul Khenpajong#English

(～地區) Beyul Khenpajong (a disputed region in Lhozhag, Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, also claimed by Bhutan)


信陽

→ English: Hsin-yang, Xinyang

/ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɵn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ¹³/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/ɕin³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɵn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ¹³/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/ɕin³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

(～市) Xinyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


西寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西寧):
* → Japanese: 西寧(せいねい) (Seinei)
* → Korean: 서녕(西寧) (Seonyeong)

→ English: Xining, Sining, Hsi-ning

/ɕi⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ nɛn¹¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/se³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ nɛn¹¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/se³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

; "Xining": Coined in 1104 with the establishment of 西寧州 (“Xining prefecture”), intended to convey the meaning "peaceful western frontier". Compare 西零 (MC sej len).

(～市) Xining (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Qinghai, China)

(historical) (～縣) Xining (a former county of Guangdong, China; now Yunan, Guangdong)


銀川

desc

→ English: Yin-ch'uan, Yinchuan, Yinchwan

/in³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰuæ̃²⁴/

/ŋɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ŋyŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

ngyng² cyoeng¹ [Phonetic:ngyng⁵ cyoeng¹]

/ŋyŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/

/ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/in³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰuæ̃²⁴/

/ŋɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ŋyŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

/ŋyŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/

/ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

(～市) Yinchuan (a prefecture-level city, the regional capital of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


黑海

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁵³/

/həʔ³³ he⁴⁴/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁵³/

/həʔ³³ he⁴⁴/

Lake Heihai (a lake in Golmud, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


新生

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ sŋ̍³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ sŋ̍³³/

(～村) Xinsheng (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


維納

/weɪ̯³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ nä⁵¹/

In particular, Norbert Wiener, American mathematician and philosopher


北上

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siaŋ³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siaŋ³³/

(～市) Kitakami (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


Lands

/lɛːn⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/lɛːn⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) Lands Department


神奈川

Шэньнайчуань

/ʂən³⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ nɔːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ nɔːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 神奈川 (Kanagawa).


福祿壽

/fu³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ lʊk̚² sɐu̯²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² siu⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴⁻³² siu²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴³⁻²¹ siu²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siu²²/

/fu³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ lʊk̚² sɐu̯²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² siu⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴⁻³² siu²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴³⁻²¹ siu²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siu²²/

Fu Lu Shou (the Three Lucky Gods in Chinese mythology)


安康

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

(～市) Ankang (a prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China)


成吉思汗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成吉思汗):
* → Vietnamese: Thành Cát Tư Hãn (成吉思汗)

ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ ㄏㄢˊ

ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ ㄏㄢˊ

Чэнцзисыхань

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ xän³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɔːn²²/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ han³³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ han³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ xän³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɔːn²²/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ han³³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ han³³/

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (činggis qaɣan).
Note Genghis Khan was originally referred to as 成吉思皇帝 (literally “Emperor Genghis”). The name is first attested in 1228 in many works before late Qing dynasty, including Travels to the West of Qiu Chang Chun, 佛祖歷代通載 [1341], History of Yuan [1370], Gujin Tushu Jicheng [1725], etc.
The name 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán, literally “Genghis Khan”) is attested in some Qing dynasty texts included in Siku Quanshu. It is also attested in the works of late Qing, including Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms [1841] and 前蒙古紀事本末 [1904]. It has become the conventional way to refer to Genghis Khan.

bor

ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ


鳥叔

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu³⁵/

/niːu̯¹³ sʊk̚⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu³⁵/

/niːu̯¹³ sʊk̚⁵/

From the song 새 (Sae, literally “Bird”), a popular song in PSY’s first album.

(neologism, colloquial) PSY (Korean entertainer)


美杜莎

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa), from μέδω (médō, “rule over”).


航天

/xɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn³³/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/xɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn³³/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

(～鎮) Hangtian (a town in Jinta, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


天鵝

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ ŋə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋo¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ ŋə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋo¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

(～鎮) Tian'e (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


鴨川

/jä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鴨川 (Kamogawa).

obor

(～市) Kamogawa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


東芝

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


蔚山

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/


大邱

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯⁵⁵/


仁川

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～廣域市, ～市) Incheon (a city in South Korea)


淄博

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑuʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su³³ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ pʰak̚²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑuʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su³³ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ pʰak̚²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

(～市) Zibo (a prefecture-level city in central Shandong, China)


養父

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/jœːŋ¹³ fuː²²/

/i̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/iũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe²²/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/jœːŋ¹³ fuː²²/

/i̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/iũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe²²/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

(～市) Yabu (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


美的

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/


白羊宮

/paɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


安南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安南):
* → Japanese: 安南(アンナン) (Annan)
* → Okinawan: 安南(あんなん) (Annan)
* → Korean: 안남(安南) (Annam)
* → Vietnamese: An Nam (安南)

/ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹⁻³⁵/

/aŋ⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ nam⁵⁵/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ lam⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹⁻³⁵/

/aŋ⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ nam⁵⁵/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ lam⁵⁵/

Have we heard the voice of the Egyptian people? Have we heard of that of the Vietnamese, or the Koreans? Is there any voice raised in India but that of Tagore?

1927, Lu Xun (魯迅), 《無聲的中國——二月十六日在香港青年會講》 (Silent China — A Talk Given at the Hongkong Y.M.C.A. on February 16th)

Wǒmen kě tīngdào āijírén de shēngyīn? Kě tīngdào ānnán, cháoxiān de shēngyīn? Yìndù chúle Tàigē'ěr, biéde shēngyīn kě hái yǒu?

我們可聽到埃及人的聲音？可聽到安南、朝鮮的聲音？印度除了泰戈爾，別的聲音可還有？

我们可听到埃及人的声音？可听到安南、朝鲜的声音？印度除了泰戈尔，别的声音可还有？

1965, 龍影, directed by 關志堅, 恩義難忘 [Your Infinitive Kindness], 雷煥璇 [Lui Woon-Suen] (actor):

Tomorrow, suggest going to Vietnam with him for a few days.

nei⁵ ting¹ jat⁶ tai⁴ ji⁵ tung⁴ keoi⁵ heoi³ on¹ naam⁴⁻² waan⁴⁻² gei² jat⁶.

你聽日提議同佢去安南玩幾日。

你听日提议同佢去安南玩几日。

(dated) Vietnam (a country in Southeast Asia)


安南

/ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

(～區) Annan (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


安南

/ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

A transliteration of the Akan surname [Term?], Annan


鞍山

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Anshan (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


保定

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～市) Baoding (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China; the former provincial capital of Zhili during the Qing dynasty, and Hebei from 1949 to 1958 and 1966 to 1968)


包頭

→ English: Baotou, Pao-t'ou, Paotow

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ (buɣutu), from ᠪᠤᠭᠤ (buɣu, “deer”) / буга (buga) + -ᠲᠤ (-tu, “place where ... is”)

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/pau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³/

/pɤ⁴⁴ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/pau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³/

/pɤ⁴⁴ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

(～市) Baotou (a prefecture-level city, the largest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, in northern China)


巨無霸

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ u³⁵ pä⁵¹/

/kɵy̯²² mou̯²¹ paː³³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ bu²⁴⁻²² pa²¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ bu²⁴⁻¹¹ pa¹¹/

/kɯ²² bu²⁴⁻²² pa⁴¹/

/ki³³⁻²¹ bu²³⁻³³ pa²¹/

/ki²²⁻²¹ bu¹³⁻²² pa²¹/

/d͡ʑy²² ɦu⁵⁵ pa²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ u³⁵ pä⁵¹/

/kɵy̯²² mou̯²¹ paː³³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ bu²⁴⁻²² pa²¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ bu²⁴⁻¹¹ pa¹¹/

/kɯ²² bu²⁴⁻²² pa⁴¹/

/ki³³⁻²¹ bu²³⁻³³ pa²¹/

/ki²²⁻²¹ bu¹³⁻²² pa²¹/

/d͡ʑy²² ɦu⁵⁵ pa²¹/

Attested in the Book of the Later Han; see the Etymology section at 巨毋霸 (jùwúbà).

zh-l

巨毋霸 (jùwúbà)

alternative form of 巨毋霸 (jùwúbà, “name of a fictional giant”)


朝鮮民主主義人民共和國

ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ciu⁴ sin¹ man⁴ zyu² zyu² ji⁶ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

ziu¹ sin¹ man⁴ zyu² zyu² ji⁶ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Lîn-bîn Kiōng-hô͘-kok

Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

Cháoxiǎn Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó [Phonetic:cháoxiǎnmínzhúzhǔyìrénmíngònghéguó]

Chʻao²-hsien³ Min²-chu³-chu³-i⁴ Jên²-min² Kung⁴-ho²-kuo²

Cháu-syǎn Mín-jǔ-jǔ-yì Rén-mín Gùng-hé-gwó

Chaurshean Minjuujuuyih Renmin Gonqhergwo

Чаосянь Миньчжучжуи Жэньминь Гунхэго

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

Cháoxiān Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó [Phonetic:cháoxiānmínzhúzhǔyìrénmíngònghéguó]

Chʻao²-hsien¹ Min²-chu³-chu³-i⁴ Jên²-min² Kung⁴-ho²-kuo²

Cháu-syān Mín-jǔ-jǔ-yì Rén-mín Gùng-hé-gwó

Chaurshian Minjuujuuyih Renmin Gonqhergwo

Чаосянь Миньчжучжуи Жэньминь Гунхэго

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

chìuh sīn màhn jyú jyú yih yàhn màhn guhng wòh gwok

jīu sīn màhn jyú jyú yih yàhn màhn guhng wòh gwok

tsiu⁴ sin¹ man⁴ dzy² dzy² ji⁶ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

dziu¹ sin¹ man⁴ dzy² dzy² ji⁶ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

qiu⁴ xin¹ men⁴ ju² ju² yi⁶ yen⁴ men⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

jiu¹ xin¹ men⁴ ju² ju² yi⁶ yen⁴ men⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Tiâu-sián Bîn-tsú-tsú-gī Lîn-bîn Kiōng-hôo-kok

diausiern binzwzw'gi linbiin kioxngho'kog

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɛn⁵⁵⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹ lin²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

Tiâu-sián Bîn-tsú-tsú-gī Lîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

diausiern binzwzw'gi linbiin kioxnghoi'kog

/tiau²⁴⁻²² siɛn⁵³ bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²² lin²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɛn⁵³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³ lin²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

Tiâu-sián Bîn-tsú-tsú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

diausiern binzwzw'gi jinbiin kioxnghoi'kog

/tiau²³⁻³³ siɛn⁴¹ bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³ zin²³⁻³³ bin²³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/tiau¹³⁻²² siɛn⁵³ bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²² d͡zin¹³⁻²² bin¹³ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Lîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok /

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 조선민주주의인민공화국(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) (joseon-minjujuui-inmin-gonghwaguk).

Democratic People's Republic of Korea#English:_Q423

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (official name of North Korea: a country in East Asia)


絲綢之路

Сычоу чжи Лу

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ lou̯²²/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² tiu²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/si³³ tiu²⁴⁻²² t͡si³³ lɔ⁴¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² tiu¹³⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ tiu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ tiu²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ lou̯²²/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² tiu²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/si³³ tiu²⁴⁻²² t͡si³³ lɔ⁴¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² tiu¹³⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ tiu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ tiu²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

Ultimately a calque of German Seidenstraße.


內地

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/nɔːi̯²² tei̯²²/

/lai³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ te²²/

/lue³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ ti¹¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/nɔːi̯²² tei̯²²/

/lai³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ te²²/

/lue³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ ti¹¹/

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

(Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang Mandarin) China proper (territory of People's Republic of China except the above provinces and Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan)

Northeast China; Tibet; Xinjiang Mandarin; Northeast China; Tibet; Xinjiang Mandarin


釜山

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ san³³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ san³³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/


青銅器時代

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ

Цинтунци Шидай

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ hei̯³³ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ hei̯³³ siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/


園藝

/jyːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/uan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/uan²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/huĩ¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/hŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡoi¹¹/

/jyːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/uan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/uan²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/huĩ¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/hŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡoi¹¹/

(～村) Yuanyi (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


巨蟹宮

ㄐㄩˋ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄐㄩˋ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


銚子

吊子
銱子
銚則:
铫子

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/tiɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/tiɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

(～市) Chōshi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


大慶

→ English: Daqing, Taching, Ta-ch'ing

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ³³/

(～市) Daqing (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


新潟

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新(にい)潟(がた) (Niigata).

(～市) Niigata (the capital city of Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


近衛

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 近衛, Konoe


美濃

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美濃(みの) (Mino), from Hakka 彌濃／弥浓 (Mì-nùng).

彌濃／弥浓 (Mì-nùng)

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ nʊŋ²¹/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/

/bi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ nʊŋ²¹/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/

/bi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

2015, 羅文裕 [Wing], Jesse Edbrooke, “關於我和你”performed by 羅文裕 [Wing] and 前進樂團 [Transition]:

I'm called Wing Lo, a Hakka from Meinong

Ngài hêm-cho Lò Vùn-yi, Mî-nùng e Hak-kâ-ngìn

我叫做羅文裕 美濃的客家人

我叫做罗文裕 美浓的客家人

(～區) Meinong District (Hakka district in Kaohsiung, Taiwan)


美濃

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美濃(みの) (Mino).

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ nʊŋ²¹/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/

/bi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/mei̯¹³ nʊŋ²¹/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/

/bi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Mino (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


釧路

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 釧路 (Kushiro).

obor

(～市) Kushiro (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


貴族院

ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄩㄢˋ

ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄩㄢˋ

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sʊk̚² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sʊk̚² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/


舞鶴

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 舞(まい)鶴(づる) (Maizuru).

(～市) Maizuru (a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


新造

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡so³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡so³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯¹³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯¹³/

(～鎮) Xinzao (a town in Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


閻魔

/jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ mɔː⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ mɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit यम (yama, “Yama”).

(～王) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese mythology) synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


富士

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fuː³³ siː²²/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fuː³³ siː²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富士(ふじ) (Fuji).

(～山) Mount Fuji (the highest mountain in Japan)

(～市) Fuji (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 富士, Fuji


筑波

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 筑波(つくば) (Tsukuba).

(～市) Tsukuba (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


佐渡

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐渡 (Sado).

(～市) Sado (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


松平

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 松平, Matsudaira


愛知

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 愛知(あいち) (Aichi).


岡山

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ san³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ san³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

; Okayama, Japan
; Gangshan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

(～市) Okayama (the capital city of Okayama Prefecture, Japan)

(～區) Gangshan (a suburban district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan)


埼玉

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ jʊk̚²/

/ki²³⁻³³ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ jʊk̚²/

/ki²³⁻³³ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 埼(さい)玉(たま) (Saitama).

(～市) Saitama (the capital city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


兵庫

/piŋ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/piŋ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 兵庫(ひょうご) (Hyōgo).


熊本

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ puːn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ puːn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 熊本(くまもと) (Kumamoto).

(～縣) Kumamoto (a prefecture in southwestern Japan)

(～市) Kumamoto (the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


秋田

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 秋(あき)田(た) (Akita).

(～市) Akita (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 秋田, Akita


岐阜

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ fɐu̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ fɐu̯²²/

(～市) Gifu (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


青森

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 青(あお)森(もり) (Aomori).

(～市) Aomori (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


富山

/fu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富(と)山(やま) (Toyama).

(～市) Toyama (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


山形

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yamagata (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 山形, Yamagata


岩手

/jɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːm²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːm²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/


伊勢

/jiː⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/jiː⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊勢 (Ise).

(～市) Ise (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


栃木

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² mʊk̚²/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² mʊk̚²/

(～市) Tochigi (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


和歌山

/xɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和歌(わか)山(やま) (Wakayama).

(～市) Wakayama (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


群馬

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ maː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ maː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 群(ぐん)馬(ま) (Gunma).


佐賀

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³³ hɔː²²/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³³ hɔː²²/

(～市) Saga (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


八幡

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八幡 (Hachiman).

(～市) Hachiman (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


高句麗

desc

→ English: Gaogouli, Kaokouli, Kao-kou-li

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

(historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)


清朝

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁵³ t͡ʃʰau⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁵³ t͡ʃʰau⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

清朝末年

The Ming and Qing dynasties were golden periods for the art of seal cutting.

Míngcháo hé Qīngcháo shì zhuànkè yìshù de liǎng duàn huángjīnshíqī.

明朝和清朝是篆刻藝術的兩段黃金時期。

明朝和清朝是篆刻艺术的两段黄金时期。

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


桐生

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 桐生 (Kiryū).

obor

(～市) Kiryū (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


金山

→ English: Chinshan, Jinshan, → Gold Mountain (calque)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

For some geographical locations, the name refers to the gold rush in the 19th century. (The term is being used loosely for any place of great chances for wealth in a similar fashion to the English "gold mine".)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jinshan (a district and former county of Shanghai, China)

(～區, formerly ～鄉) Jinshan, Chinshan (a district and former rural township in New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～郡) (historical) Jinshan Commandery (in modern-day Sichuan)

(～市) Kaneyama (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)

美國金山正埠

美国金山正埠

(obsolete) Alternative name for 舊金山／旧金山 (Jiùjīnshān, “San Francisco, California, USA”).

舊金山

(Cantonese, dated) Alternative name for 美國／美国 (Měiguó, “United States”).


本庄

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

For pronunciation and definitions of 本庄 – see 本莊 (“local; native”).
(This term is the simplified form of 本莊).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

(～市) Honjō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


鳥取

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niːu̯¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niːu̯¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鳥取(とっとり) (Tottori).

(～市) Tottori (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


高松

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高松 (たかまつ, Takamatsu)


琉球

ja-r

琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū)

ryu-r

琉球(るーちゅー) (rūchū)

琉球(どぅーちゅー) (dūchū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (琉球):
* → Japanese: 琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū)
* → Okinawan: 琉球(るーちゅー) (rūchū); 琉球(どぅーちゅー) (dūchū)
* → Vietnamese: Lưu Cầu (琉球), lưu cầu (琉球)

→ Manchu: ᠯᡳᠣ
ᡴᡳᠣ (lio kio)

→ Portuguese: leque

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/liu²³⁻³³ kʰiu²³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiu²⁴/

/liɤ²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/liu²³⁻³³ kʰiu²³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiu²⁴/

/liɤ²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

First attested in 《隋書》 (636) as 流求 (MC ljuw gjuw). Further origin unknown.

Ryukyu, Ryūkyū (an archipelago of Japan)

(historical) Liuqiu, Lieuchieu (a legendary kingdom east of medieval China variously placed in Okinawa, Taiwan, or the Penghu Islands)

On August fifteenth, the boat will be leaving the harbour of Xiaoliuqiu Island.

陳一郎, 行船人的純情曲

Poeh-goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ hit chi̍t kang, chûn beh lī-khui Liû-khiû káng.

八月十五彼一天，船要離開琉球港。

陳一郎, 行船人的純情曲

八月十五彼一天，船要离开琉球港。

(～嶼) Liuqiu (an island of Pingtung County, Taiwan)

(～鄉) Liuqiu (a township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


足利

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 足利 (Ashikaga).

obor

(～市) Ashikaga (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


高知

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

(～市) Kōchi (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


愛媛

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ wuːn²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ uan⁴¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ uan³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ uan³³/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ wuːn²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ uan⁴¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ uan³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ uan³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 愛(え)媛(ひめ) (Ehime).


滋賀

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ hɔː²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ho³³/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ hɔː²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ho³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 滋賀(しが) (Shiga).


宇都宮

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Utsunomiya (the capital city of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


北九州

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北九州 (Kitakyūshū).

(～市) Kitakyūshū (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


島根

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 島根(しまね) (Shimane).


親衛隊

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 親衛隊 (Shin'eitai).

ㄑㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ

ㄑㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

(chiefly Taiwan, historical) Schutzstaffel


長岡

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長岡 (Nagaoka).

(～市) Nagaoka (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


函館

/xän³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 函(はこ)館(だて) (Hakodate).

(～市) Hakodate (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


小田原

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小田原 (Odawara).

(～市) Odawara (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


熊野

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 熊野 (Kumano).

(～市) Kumano (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


盛岡

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 盛(もり)岡(おか) (Morioka).

Morioka (the capital city of Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


鹿島

/lu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Kashima (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


興業

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/

(～縣) Xingye (a county of Yulin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(historical) the Xingye era (a Chinese era name; the era of Zhu Hengjia as regent of the Southern Ming, in 1645)


加賀

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 加賀 (Kaga).

(～市) Kaga (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


三河

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～市) Sanhe (a county-level city of Langfang, Hebei, China)


箱根

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

(～町) Hakone (a town in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


伏見

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伏(ふし)見(み) (Fushimi).

(～區) Fushimi (a ward in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


荒川

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～區) Arakawa (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


淡路

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 淡路 (Awaji).

(～市) Awaji (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


白河

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～縣) Baihe (a county of Ankang, Shaanxi, China)

(～市) Shirakawa (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)

(～區) Baihe (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


石原

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石原.

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 石原, Ishihara; or of 石原, Ishiwara


公益

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

(～村) Gongyi (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


佐世保

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐世保 (Sasebo).

(～市) Sasebo (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


鳥羽

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鳥羽 (Toba).

(～市) Toba (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


湘南

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/


湘南

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 湘南 (Shōnan).

Shōnan, a region along the coast of Sagami Bay


立川

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 立川 (Tachikawa).

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 立川, Tachikawa


秩父

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 秩父 (Chichibu).

(～市) Chichibu (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


弘前

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弘前 (Hirosaki).

(～市) Hirosaki (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


和泉

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和泉 (Izumi).

(～市) Izumi (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


石垣

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² wuːn²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² wuːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石垣 (Ishigaki).

(～市) Ishigaki (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 石垣, Ishigaki


丹波

/tän⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 丹波 (Tanba).

(～市) Tanba (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


御所

/y⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 御所 (Gose).

(～市) Gose (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


四日市

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 四日市 (Yokkaichi).

(～市) Yokkaichi (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


朝倉

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 朝倉 (Asakura).

(～市) Asakura (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


千代田

ㄑㄧㄢ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

ㄑㄧㄢ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～區) Chiyoda (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


一宮

/jɐt̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 一宮 (Ichinomiya).

(～市) Ichinomiya (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


鈴鹿

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鈴鹿 (Suzuka).

(～市) Suzuka (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


五常

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

(～市) Wuchang (a county-level city of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Wuchang (a town in Wuchang City, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Wuchang (a subdistrict of Yuhang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

P5, the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council


前橋

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～市) Maebashi (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


大社

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɛː¹³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɛː¹³/

(～區) Dashe (a district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan)


思維

/sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/ɬo⁵³³⁻¹¹ ui¹³/

/ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ui²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ui²³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ui²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ d͡zui⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/ɬo⁵³³⁻¹¹ ui¹³/

/ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ui²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ui²³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ui²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ d͡zui⁵⁵/


兵團

/piŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuan¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰuan²³/

/piŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuan¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰuan²³/

short for 新疆生產建設兵團／新疆生产建设兵团 (Xīnjiāng Shēngchǎn Jiànshè Bīngtuán, “Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps”)


金沙

desc

→ English: Chinsha, Chin-sha, Chin Sha, Jinsha, Kinsha

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

(～江) Jinsha River (upper reaches of the Yangtze River)

(～遺址) Jinsha (archaeological site in Sichuan province, China)

(～縣) Jinsha County (a county of Bijie, Guizhou, China)

(～鎮) Jinsha (an urban township in Kinmen County, Taiwan)


金沙江

→ English: Chinsha Chiang, Chin-sha Chiang, Jinsha Jiang, Jin Sha Jiang, Kinsha Kiang, Kin Sha Kiang

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named for the placer gold throughout its course.

During the Song, because of the great number of prospectors in the river, it was renamed as the Jinsha River.

Sòngdài yīnwéi hé zhōng chūxiàn dàliàng táojīnrén ér gǎichēng jīnshājiāng.

宋代因為河中出現大量淘金人而改稱金沙江。

宋代因为河中出现大量淘金人而改称金沙江。

The Jinsha River, the upper course of the Yangtze in western Sichuan.


黑水

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

The south of (mount) Hua and the Blackwater, were (the boundaries of) Liang Zhou.

The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE

華陽、黑水惟梁州。

华阳、黑水惟梁州。

(historical) the ancient names of various rivers

(historical) the Amur River; Heilong Jiang

(～靺鞨) Heishui Mohe, a tribe of Mohe people along the Amur River

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Jianping, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Taonan, Baicheng, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Youyang, Chongqing, China)

(～縣) Heshui (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


卡林頓

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹ tɵn²²/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹ tɵn²²/

A transliteration of the English surname Carrington


推特

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

Phono-semantic matching of English Twitter.

psm

(Internet) Twitter (a social-networking website)


民盟

/min³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/min³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

Short for 中國民主同盟／中国民主同盟 (Zhōngguó mínzhǔ tóngméng).

zh-etym-short

Chinese Communist Party
w:Chinese Communist Party

China Democratic League (one of the 8 democratic parties under the United Front of the Chinese Communist Party)


民盟

/min³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/min³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

Short for 全國民主聯盟／全国民主联盟 (quánguó mínzhǔ liánméng).

2015 November 10, The Nikkei, 缅甸民盟大胜是对军政权的反感 (Landslide Victory by Burmese NLD Represents Distaste Towards Military Junta):

The Burmese military staged a coup in 1988, which overthrew the socialist government at that time and seized political power. It then suppressed democratization movements intiated by the NLD [and other political parties]. Many political prisoners were imprisoned.

1988 nián, miǎndiàn jūnfāng fādòng jūnshì zhèngbiàn, tuīfān le dāngshí de shèhuìzhǔyì zhèngfǔ duóqǔ le zhèngquán, suíhòu zhènyā le mínméng děng fāqǐ de mínzhǔhuà yùndòng, zhòngduō zhèngzhìfàn zāodào guānyā.

1988年，緬甸軍方發動軍事政變，推翻了當時的社會主義政府奪取了政權，隨後鎮壓了民盟等發起的民主化運動，眾多政治犯遭到關押。

1988年，缅甸军方发动军事政变，推翻了当时的社会主义政府夺取了政权，随后镇压了民盟等发起的民主化运动，众多政治犯遭到关押。

2022 July 26, Radio France Internationale, 沒有昂山素季的緬甸更沒有希望 (Myanmar Without Aung San Suu Kyi is more Hopeless):

The Burmese military junta order the execution of 4 prisoners by shooting, one of them was a former legislator of the NLD—Aung San Suu Kyi's political party, and another was a prominent anti-government activist.

Miǎndiàn jūn zhèngquán xiàlìng qiāngshā sì míng qiúfàn, qízhōng yīmíng shì Ángshānsùjì de zhèngdǎng - mínméng de qián yìyuán, lìng yīmíng shì yīge zhùmíng de fǎnduìpài rénshì.

緬甸軍政權下令槍殺四名囚犯，其中一名是昂山素季的政黨—民盟的前議員，另一名是一個著名的反對派人士。

缅甸军政权下令枪杀四名囚犯，其中一名是昂山素季的政党—民盟的前议员，另一名是一个著名的反对派人士。

2022 September 27, CCTV, 缅甸民盟宣布不会接受军方组织的大选 (Burmese NLD Announced that They would not Accept Military-Organized General Election):

At 27 September local time, the Burmese NLD announced that they would not accept a general election organized by the military.

Dāngdì shíjiān 9 yuè 27 rì, miǎndiàn mínméng fābù gōnggào, xuānbù bùhuì jiēshòu yóu jūnfāng zǔzhī de dàxuǎn.

當地時間9月27日，緬甸民盟發佈公告，宣佈不會接受由軍方組織的大選。

当地时间9月27日，缅甸民盟发布公告，宣布不会接受由军方组织的大选。

NLD; National League for Democracy (Burmese political party that opposes military rule)


藥師

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jœːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/i̯ok̚⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/iɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jœːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/i̯ok̚⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/iɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) short for 藥師佛／药师佛 (Yàoshīfó, “Bhaiṣajyaguru”)


兵營

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兵營):
* → Japanese: 兵営(へいえい) (heiei)
* → Korean: 병영(兵營) (byeong'yeong)

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Bingying (a town in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


聯合國安全理事會

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄢ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

lyun⁴ hap⁶ gwok³ on¹ cyun⁴ lei⁵ si⁶ wui⁶⁻²

lien hab^ˋ gued on^ˋ cion li^ˋ sii^˖ fui^˖

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄢ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

Ляньхэго Аньцюань Лишихуэй

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

lyn⁴ hap⁹ gwok⁸ on¹ tsyn⁴ lei⁵ si⁶ wui⁶⁻²

lün⁴ heb⁶ guog³ on¹ qun⁴ léi⁵ xi⁶ wui⁶⁻²

/lyːn²¹ hɐp̚² kʷɔːk̚³ ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ lei̯¹³ siː²² wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/li̯en¹¹ hap̚⁵ ku̯et̚² on²⁴ t͡sʰi̯on¹¹ li²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/lien⁵⁵ hap² kuet⁵⁻² on⁵³ t͡sʰion⁵⁵ li⁵³ sɨ³³ fui³³/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵ kuɔʔ²⁴ aŋ⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒuoŋ⁵³ l̃i³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly²⁴² ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ui²⁴²/

leng² hah⁷ gorh⁶ ang¹ zoeng² li³ so⁵ huei⁵ [Phonetic:leng⁵ hah⁷ gorh⁶ ang⁵ zoeng² li² lo⁴ uei⁵]

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴ kɒʔ²¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sœŋ¹³ li⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((ɬ-))lo¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei¹¹/

leng² hah⁷ gorh⁶ ang¹ zyoeng² li³ so⁵ huei⁵ [Phonetic:leng⁵ hah⁷ gorh⁶ ang⁵ zyoeng² li² lo⁴ uei⁵]

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴ kɒʔ² aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡syøŋ²⁴ li³³²⁻²⁴ ^((ɬ-))lo²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei²¹/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵ an³³ t͡suan²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴¹⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³² an⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suan¹³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³² an⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suan²⁴ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³² an⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²⁴ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³² an⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻²¹ hue³³/

[Phonetic: leng⁵ hah⁷ gorh⁶ ang⁵ zoeng² li² lo⁴ uei⁵]

[Phonetic: leng⁵ hah⁷ gorh⁶ ang⁵ zyoeng² li² lo⁴ uei⁵]


聯合國安理會

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

Ляньхэго Аньлихуэй

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lyːn²¹ hɐp̚² kʷɔːk̚³ ɔːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/


安理會

/ˀän⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/an³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hue⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hue³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/an³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hue⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hue³³/

Short for 安全理事會／安全理事会 (Ānquán Lǐshìhuì).


電信

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕin⁵¹/

/tɛŋ¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ɬiŋ⁴²/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ɬiŋ⁴²/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ sin²¹/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² sin⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ sin²¹/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ sin¹¹/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ sin²¹/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ²¹³/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕin⁵¹/

/tɛŋ¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ɬiŋ⁴²/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ɬiŋ⁴²/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ sin²¹/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² sin⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ sin²¹/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ sin¹¹/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ sin²¹/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ²¹³/

(Mainland China) short for 中國電信／中国电信 (Zhōngguó Diànxìn, “China Telecom”)


王母

/wɑŋ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ mou̯¹³/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu⁴⁵³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu³³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ mou̯¹³/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu⁴⁵³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mieu³³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) Queen Mother of the West


哈萊姆

/xä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ mou̯¹³/

/xä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ mou̯¹³/

(～區) Harlem (a neighbourhood of Manhattan, New York)


睡美人

ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄖㄣˊ

/ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/sɵy̯²² mei̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/sɵy̯²² mei̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

Sleeping Beauty (story and main character)


天朝

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

天命

Mandate of Heaven, authority from Heaven which legitimizes the emperors

(historical) the Celestial Empire; China

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(Internet slang, sometimes sarcastic, self-deprecatory) China, especially mainland China or the People's Republic of China


午日

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

the seventh day of a twelve-day cycle in the traditional Chinese calendar


端午節

/tu̯än⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tyːn⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³ t͡siːt̚³/

/tɵn⁴² u² t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/

/ton²⁴ ŋ̍³¹ t͡si̯et̚²/

/tɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ n̩³¹ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/tuaŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ŋu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒaiʔ²⁴/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡seʔ³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡seʔ³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sueʔ³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sueʔ³²/

/tuan³³ ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/tø⁵⁵ ŋ̍³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/tø⁵⁵ ɦu³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/tõ³³ u⁴¹ t͡si̯e̞²⁴/

/tõ³³ u⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tyːn⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³ t͡siːt̚³/

/tɵn⁴² u² t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/

/ton²⁴ ŋ̍³¹ t͡si̯et̚²/

/tɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ n̩³¹ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/tuaŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ŋu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒaiʔ²⁴/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡seʔ³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡seʔ³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sueʔ³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sueʔ³²/

/tuan³³ ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/tø⁵⁵ ŋ̍³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/tø⁵⁵ ɦu³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/tõ³³ u⁴¹ t͡si̯e̞²⁴/

/tõ³³ u⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival, a Chinese holiday on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the traditional Chinese calendar


端午

Sino-Xenic (端午):
* → Japanese: 端午(たんご) (Tango)
* → Korean: 단오(端午) (Dano)
* → Vietnamese: Đoan ngọ (端午)

/tu̯än⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ uɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tyːn⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³/

/tuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋu³³/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tuan³³ ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/tueŋ³³⁻²³ ŋou⁵²/

/tuaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋou⁵²/

/tɤə⁴⁴ ŋ̍²¹/

/tu̯ɛn⁴⁴⁵ u³³/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ uɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tyːn⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³/

/tuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋu³³/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tuan³³ ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/tuan⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/tueŋ³³⁻²³ ŋou⁵²/

/tuaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋou⁵²/

/tɤə⁴⁴ ŋ̍²¹/

/tu̯ɛn⁴⁴⁵ u³³/

The name refers both to the original day of the festival, the first seventh-day (午日) in the fifth lunar month (五月) of the traditional Chinese calendar, and the month itself which was also known from its position in the earthly branch cycle as 午 (wǔ).

On the day of the Dragon Boat Festival, no poison on Earth can harm

端午百毒不侵

(～節) Dragon Boat Festival (which now occurs on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar)


龍船節

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ syːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ syːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

Alternative name for 端午節／端午节 (Duānwǔjié, “Dragon Boat Festival”).


雙五節

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³ t͡siːt̚³/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³ t͡siːt̚³/

Referring to the festival's date (fifth day in the fifth month of the traditional Chinese calendar)


五月節

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/vou⁵¹ yə⁰ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹³ jyːt̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/m̩⁵⁵ ᵑɡut̚³² tet̚³³/

/ŋ̍³¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/ŋ̍³¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/ŋ²⁴⁻³³ ŋiet² t͡siet⁵/

/n̩³¹ ŋiat̚⁵ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/ŋu⁴² ŋyɛ⁴² t͡sai²⁴/

/ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋuoʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²² ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ e(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³¹⁻²² ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/ɡɔ²²⁻¹² ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² t͡sueʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²²⁻¹¹ ɡə(ʔ)⁵³⁻¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻²² ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ ɡueʔ⁴⁻² t͡soiʔ²/

/u⁴¹ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡si̯e̞²⁴/

/u⁴¹ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/vou⁵¹ yə⁰ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹³ jyːt̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/m̩⁵⁵ ᵑɡut̚³² tet̚³³/

/ŋ̍³¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/ŋ̍³¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/ŋ²⁴⁻³³ ŋiet² t͡siet⁵/

/n̩³¹ ŋiat̚⁵ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/ŋu⁴² ŋyɛ⁴² t͡sai²⁴/

/ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋuoʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²² ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ e(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³¹⁻²² ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/ɡɔ²²⁻¹² ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² t͡sueʔ³²/

/ɡɔ²²⁻¹¹ ɡə(ʔ)⁵³⁻¹ t͡sueʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻²² ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sueʔ⁵/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ ɡueʔ⁴⁻² t͡soiʔ²/

/u⁴¹ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡si̯e̞²⁴/

/u⁴¹ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

Referring to the month in which the festival is celebrated.


五日節

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐt̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵³ nˡiʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/ŋɔu¹¹ liʔ⁴ t͡se¹¹/

/ŋɔu²¹ liʔ⁴ t͡se²¹/

/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ d͡zit̚⁴⁻¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ d͡zit̚⁵⁻² t͡seʔ²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ zit̚⁴⁻³² t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ lit̚⁴⁻³² t͡sueʔ³²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jɐt̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵³ nˡiʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡saiʔ²⁴/

/ŋɔu¹¹ liʔ⁴ t͡se¹¹/

/ŋɔu²¹ liʔ⁴ t͡se²¹/

/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ d͡zit̚⁴⁻¹ t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ d͡zit̚⁵⁻² t͡seʔ²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ zit̚⁴⁻³² t͡seʔ³²/

/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ lit̚⁴⁻³² t͡sueʔ³²/

Referring to the day on which the festival is celebrated.


龍舟節

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/


紅樓夢

Sino-Xenic (紅樓夢):
* → Japanese: 紅(こう)楼(ろう)夢(む) (Kōrōmu)
* → Korean: 홍루몽(紅樓夢) (Hongnumong)
* → Vietnamese: Hồng lâu mộng (紅樓夢)

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄡˊ ㄇㄥˋ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄡˊ ㄇㄥˋ

/xʊŋ³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹ mʊŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ leu̯¹¹ muŋ⁵⁵/

/øyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡau⁵³⁻²¹ mɔyŋ²¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lio²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lau²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ lau²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² lau²⁴⁻²² baŋ⁴¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lau²⁴⁻¹¹ baŋ³³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ lau²³⁻³³ baŋ³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lau²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ³³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ lau²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹ mʊŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ leu̯¹¹ muŋ⁵⁵/

/øyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡau⁵³⁻²¹ mɔyŋ²¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lio²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lau²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ lau²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² lau²⁴⁻²² baŋ⁴¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lau²⁴⁻¹¹ baŋ³³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ lau²³⁻³³ baŋ³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lau²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ³³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ lau²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/

Dream of the Red Chamber, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


西遊記

/ɕi⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹ kei̯³³/

/sɛ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ieu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛi²¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²³⁻³³ ki²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² iu¹³⁻²² ki²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²⁴⁻¹¹ ki¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² iu²⁴⁻²² ki²¹/

/se³³ iu²⁴⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/si³³⁻²¹ iu²³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ iu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki²¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹ kei̯³³/

/sɛ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ieu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛi²¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²³⁻³³ ki²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² iu¹³⁻²² ki²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²⁴⁻¹¹ ki¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² iu²⁴⁻²² ki²¹/

/se³³ iu²⁴⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/si³³⁻²¹ iu²³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ iu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki²¹³/

Journey to the West, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


水滸傳

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄢˋ

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄢˋ

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ wuː³⁵ t͡syːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan⁴¹/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ wuː³⁵ t͡syːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan⁴¹/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan³³/

Water Margin, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


三國演義

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三國演義):
* → Vietnamese: Tam quốc diễn nghĩa (三國演義)

ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄧˋ

ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄧˋ

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiːn³⁵ jiː²²/

/sam²⁴ ku̯et̚² i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴ ieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ŋiɛ²⁴²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/sam³³ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiːn³⁵ jiː²²/

/sam²⁴ ku̯et̚² i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴ ieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ŋiɛ²⁴²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/sam³³ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


三國

Sino-Xenic (三國):
* → Japanese: 三国(さんごく) (sangoku)
* → Korean: 삼국(三國) (samguk)
* → Vietnamese: Tam Quốc (三國)

→ English: Three Kingdoms

desc

→ Thai: สามก๊ก

→ Thai: สามก๊ก

→ Khmer: សាមកុក (saam-kok)

→ Japanese: サームコック (Sāmukokku)

→ Indonesian: Sam Kok, Samkok

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾mɒʔ²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾mɒʔ²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

(Chinese history) the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)

(Korean history) the Three Kingdoms of Korea

An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 三国, Mikuni


西江

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

From its location relative to the main course of the Pearl River.

(～鄉) Xijiang (a township in Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


麟經

/lin³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵn²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/

/lin¹³⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵn²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/

/lin¹³⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Spring and Autumn Annals
w:Spring and Autumn Annals

Alternative name for the Spring and Autumn Annals.


西鄂

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

the western part of E, a region of ancient China in present-day eastern Henan

(～縣) Xi'e County, a division of the Nanyang Commandery in feudal China


鄂國

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(historical) a state in ancient China of varying location in present-day Shanxi, Henan, and Hubei


鄂州

→ English: Ezhou, O-chou

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋouʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/ɡɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋouʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/ɡɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

(～市) Ezhou (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)

the former ancient Chinese province over which it presided

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Ezhou (an economic and technological development zone in Ezhou, Hubei, China)


武昌

→ English: Wuchang, Ou-tchang, Wu-ch'ang, Wu-chang, Voutchang

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～區) Wuchang (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(historical) Alternative name for 鄂州 (Èzhōu, “Ezhou (city in eastern Hubei province, China)”).


雲嶺山脈

ㄩㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄞˋ

ㄩㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄞˋ

Юньлин Шаньмай

/yn³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/yn³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/


雲嶺

/yn³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/yn³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～山脈) Yunling Mountains of Yunnan, China


滇池

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

Lake Dian near Kunming, Yunnan, in China


昆明湖

ㄎㄨㄣ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄎㄨㄣ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

Kunming Lake (artificial lake in Beijing)


金水

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

From 金 ("Jin dynasty") + 水 ("water", "river", "stream").

Jinshui River, a former stream and canal in Beijing, China, during the Jin, Ming, and Qing dynasties

(～區) Jinshui (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


中都

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

Zhongdu, the capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty of medieval China located in the southwestern Xicheng District of modern Beijing


金朝

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³/

the Jin dynasty (Jurchen dynasty) (1115-1234)


汗八里

/xän³⁵ pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän³⁵ pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Ultimately from Middle Mongol [script needed] (Khanbalik) and Turkic Khanbalik, literally “City of the Khan”.
The name was an exonym used by the Mongols and Turks but not by the Chinese as the city was known as 大都 (Dàdū, literally “great capital”) in Chinese during the Yuan dynasty. It is therefore not present in ancient texts like the History of Yuan [1370], nor any of the texts in the Siku Quanshu. It is however attested in Feng Chengjun's translation of The Travels of Marco Polo published in 1936, as a Chinese translation of the name Khanbalik.

der

Khanbalik, the capital of the Mongolian Yuan dynasty at the site of present-day Beijing

History of Yuan
Siku Quanshu
The Travels of Marco Polo


元大都

/ɥɛn³⁵ tä⁵¹ tu⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ tä⁵¹ tu⁵⁵/


中書省

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(history) the Secretariat, one of the three principal departments of the central government of medieval China


土城

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

the ruins of the walls of Khanbalik, the Yuan capital, located in Beijing, China

neighborhoods in Tianjin, Taipei, and Pyongyang named for the ruins of nearby earthen fortifications

a township in Wuxi County, Chongqing, China

(～區) Tucheng (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Tucheng (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tucheng (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Tucheng (a township in Dianjun district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


大內

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² nɔːi̯²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² nɔːi̯²²/

(～區) Danei (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)

Tanei or Danei township in Tainan county, Taiwan


鳳凰城

ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong) Phoenix (a city, the state capital of Arizona, United States)


蓬萊山

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/


登州

→ English: Dengzhou, Tengchow

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Dengzhou (a historical prefecture of Shandong, China, whose capital was located in present-day Penglai)

short for 登嘉樓州／登嘉楼州 (Dēngjiālóu zhōu, “Terengganu (a state of Malaysia)”)


萊國

/laɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/laɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

(historical) an ancient Dongyi state or tribe located in present-day Shandong, China


蓬山

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/


蓬萊島

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ tou̯³⁵/


蓬萊仙島

ㄆㄥˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄆㄥˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ

Пэнлай Сяньдао

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From the addition of 仙 (xiān, “Taoist immortal”) to the earlier 蓬萊島／蓬莱岛 (Péngláidǎo, “Penglai Island”) to distinguish it from Formosa, an actual island which had gained that name as a poetic epithet.


西湖

→ English: West Lake (calque)

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

; “West Lake (in Hangzhou)”
; “Xihu District, Hangzhou”

West Lake (a lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Xihu (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～郡) Tây Hồ (a district of Hanoi, Vietnam)

(～鄉) Xihu, Sihu (a rural township in Miaoli County, Taiwan)

(～社區) Xihu (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Sihu, Xihu (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)

Slender West Lake
Slender West Lake#English

(inexact) synonym of 瘦西湖 (Shòuxīhú), Slender West Lake (a lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China)


太湖

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wuː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wuː²¹/

Lake Tai, a large freshwater lake west of Shanghai in eastern China

(～縣) Taihu (a county of Anqing, Anhui, China)


太液池

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

Taiye Lake, one of several artificial lakes located in the imperial Chinese gardens of Chang'an and Beijing


四大名著

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄨˋ

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄨˋ

Сы Да Минчжу

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/sei̯³³ taːi̯²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡syː³³/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/sei̯³³ taːi̯²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡syː³³/

the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature: the Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, the Water Margin by Shi Nai'an, the Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en, and the Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin


斗宿

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɐu̯³⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɐu̯³⁵ sɐu̯³³/

(astronomy) the Dipper, a Chinese constellation near Sagittarius


女宿

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(Chinese astronomy) the Girl, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius


虛宿

/ɕy⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕy⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(astronomy) Emptiness, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Equuleus


危宿

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɐi̯²¹ sɐu̯³³/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɐi̯²¹ sɐu̯³³/

(astronomy) the Roof, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Pegasus


室宿

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(astronomy) Encampment, a Chinese constellation near Pegasus


壁宿

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɪk̚⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɪk̚⁵ sɐu̯³³/

二十八宿 二十八宿#Chinese

(astronomy) the Wall, a Chinese constellation near Pegasus and Andromeda, 14th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions (二十八宿 (Èrshíbā Xiù)) and part of the Black Turtle (玄武 (Xuánwǔ)).


牛宿

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn


北方玄武

ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄤ ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄨˇ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄤ ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄨˇ

Бэйфан Сюаньу

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

synonym of 玄武 (Xuánwǔ, “the Chinese astronomical and cultural figure represented by a turtle entwined with a snake”)


楚國

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu¹¹ kueʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sʰu³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu¹¹ kueʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sʰu³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

Chu, an ancient Chinese state of the Zhou dynasty along the Yangtze River


燕國

/jɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/jɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

From Chinese 燕 ("Yan") + 國 ("kingdom", "sovereign state"), to clarify the intended sense of Yan.

Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty


齊國

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

From Chinese 齊 (Qi) + 國 ("kingdom", "sovereign state"), to clarify the intended sense of Qi.

Qi, an ancient Chinese duchy, viscounty, and kingdom under the Zhou dynasty


魏國

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² kʷɔːk̚³/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡui⁴¹⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡui³³⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡui³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² kʷɔːk̚³/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡui⁴¹⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ɡui²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡui³³⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɡui³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

From Chinese 魏 ("Wei") + 國 ("kingdom", "sovereign state"), to clarify the sense.

(historical) Wei, a Chinese march during the Zhou dynasty

(historical, informal) Liang, the same realm after it was raised to a kingdom


梁國

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

(historical) An ancient Chinese kingdom during the Zhou dynasty, a promotion of the former march of Wei


鄂城

→ English: Echeng, Ocheng, O-ch'eng

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Echeng (a district of Ezhou, Hubei, China)

(historical) The earlier city of E at the site


禮縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

Li County (a county of Longnan, Gansu, China)


西垂

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

From its status at the western periphery of Zhou civilization and power.

(historical) Xichui, a fief of Zhou China, held by the ancestors of the future dukes of Qin

(historical) Xichui, its seat at the site of present-day Lixian in Gansu


犬丘

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Quanqiu, a settlement of Zhou China at the site of present-day Lixian in Gansu, held by the ancestors of the future dukes of Qin


立春

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (立春):
* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)
* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)
* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/liʔ⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃³¹/

/lɐp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/laːp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/li⁴² t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/liʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

/liʔ⁴⁻² t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰun³³/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰuŋ³³/

/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sʰən²³/

/liɪʔ²² t͡sʰən⁵¹/

/li²⁴ t͡ɕʰyn³³/

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/liʔ⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃³¹/

/lɐp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/laːp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/li⁴² t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/liʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

/liʔ⁴⁻² t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰun³³/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰuŋ³³/

/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sʰən²³/

/liɪʔ²² t͡sʰən⁵¹/

/li²⁴ t͡ɕʰyn³³/

立春以來

立春以来

The "Beginning of Spring", the first of the twenty-four solar terms, around February 3rd, 4th, or 5th, marking the first day of spring according to the Chinese calendar.


澳大拉西亞

ㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ taːi̯²² laːi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ taːi̯²² laːi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

Australasia (a continental region in Oceania, consisting of Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and neighbouring islands)


羅馬帝國

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³ tɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/lo¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁵⁵ ku̯et̚²/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³ tɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³ tɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/lo¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁵⁵ ku̯et̚²/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³ tɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

Roman Empire
Roman Empire#English:_Q2277

(historical) Roman Empire (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa)


龍山

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Zhangqiu district, Jinan, Shandong, China, where the Longshan culture was discovered)

(～縣) Longshan (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)

(～區) Longshan (a district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China)

(～區) Yongsan (a district of Seoul, South Korea)

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Danjiangkou, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


龍山文化

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄢ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄢ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

Луншань Вэньхуа

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ faː³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ faː³³/

(archaeology) the neolithic Longshan culture along the Yellow River, named for its type site


隴山

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

various places in Gansu named for the mountain


燕子河

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ xɤ³⁵/

The Yanzi River, a creek in central China's Gansu province


西漢水

/ɕi⁵⁵ xän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ xän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

The Xihan River, a river in southern Gansu, China


犀牛江

/ɕi⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/


貴港

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

(～市) Guigang (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


貴縣

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(historical) Guixian, Gui County (a former county of Guangxi, China; now Guigang)


秦州

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Tsinchow, a former name of Tianshui, a city in southeastern Gansu in China

(～區) Qinzhou (a district of Tianshui, Gansu, China)


天水

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～市) Tianshui (a prefecture-level city of Gansu, China)

(～郡) (historical) Tianshui (a commandery ancient China)


諾威

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɔːk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɔːk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

I don't know what it's like in other countries. I only know that a Norwegian [named] Hamsun has [written] a novel called Hunger [in which] vulgar speech is plenty, but I have by no means seen this kind of thing [referring to 他媽的 /他妈的 (tāmāde)].

1925, 魯迅, 論「他媽的！」

別的國度裏怎樣，我不知道。單知道諾威人Hamsun有一本小說叫《飢餓》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我並不見這一類話。

1925, 魯迅, 論「他媽的！」

别的国度里怎样，我不知道。单知道诺威人Hamsun有一本小说叫《饥饿》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我并不见这一类话。

(obsolete) Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


戰國

Sino-Xenic (戰國):
* → Japanese: 戦国(せんごく) (Sengoku)
* → Korean: 전국(戰國) (Jeon'guk)
* → Vietnamese: Chiến Quốc (戰國)

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sieŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sieŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

(history) the Warring States period (of Chinese history)

(history) the Sengoku period (of Japanese history)


明代

/miŋ³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/miŋ³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

the Ming Era, the time of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)


清代

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ to¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ to¹¹/


元代

/ɥɛn³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/ɥɛn³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ tɔːi̯²²/


唐代

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ tɔːi̯²²/


二里頭

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

(～村) Erlitou (a village in Yanshi district, Luoyang, Henan, China), site of the Erlitou culture, sometimes identified with the Xia dynasty


富裕

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～街道) Fuyu Subdistrict (a subdistrict of Jilin, China)


富裕

Adapted from the name of the Wuyu'er River (乌裕尔河) in its territory. The name―alternatively written as Wu-yu(-er), Hu-yu(-er), Fu-yu(-er), Pu-yu throughout history―came from the Jurchen language, meaning “a low-lying area”.

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～縣) Fuyu County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Fuyu Town (a town in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang, China)


二里崗

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Erligang (a village in Henan, China), site of the Bronze-Age Erligang culture


半坡

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

(～村) Banpo (a village in Shaanxi, China), site of the Banpo culture or the Banpo phase (c. 7th millennium BC) of the Yangshao culture


大有

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Dayou (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China)


天長

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

(～市) Tianchang (a county-level city of Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


秦始皇帝

ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ

ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Цинь Шихуанди

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/t͡sin¹³⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/t͡sin¹³⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

From the addition of 秦 (Qín) during the Han dynasty to the self-proclaimed title of 始皇帝 (Shǐhuángdì).

(historical) Alternative name for 秦始皇 (Qín Shǐhuáng, “Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China”).


秦始皇

ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sin¹³⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sin²³⁻³³ si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʑin²² sz̩⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sin¹³⁻²² si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sin²³⁻³³ si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʑin²² sz̩⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

(historical) Qin Shi Huang (the first emperor of China)


始皇帝

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

The self-proclaimed regnal name of China's First Emperor, as recorded in The Records of the Historian

We have heard that in high antiquity there were titles but no posthumous appellations. The kings of later days not only had titles but after their death wete given appellations based on their conduct. In other words, sons passed judgment on the father, subjects on their sovereigns. Such a procedure is highly improper and we will not countenance it! Posthumous appellations are herewith abolished. We ourselves shall be called First Emperor and our successors shall be numbered consecutively, Second, Third, and so on for 1,000 or 10,000 generations passing down without end.

Zhèn wén tàigǔ yǒu hào wú shì, zhōnggǔ yǒu hào, sǐ ér yǐ xíngwéi shì, rúcǐ, zé zǐ yì fù, chén yì jūn yě, shèn wúwèi, zhèn fú qǔ yān. Zì jīn yǐlái, chú shìfǎ, zhèn wéi Shǐhuángdì, hòushì yǐ jìshù, èrshì sānshì zhìyú wànshì, chuán zhī wúqióng.

朕聞太古有號毋諡，中古有號，死而以行爲諡，如此，則子議父，臣議君也，甚無謂，朕弗取焉。自今已來，除諡法，朕爲始皇帝，後世以計數，二世三世至于萬世，傳之無窮。

朕闻太古有号毋谥，中古有号，死而以行为谥，如此，则子议父，臣议君也，甚无谓，朕弗取焉。自今已来，除谥法，朕为始皇帝，后世以计数，二世三世至于万世，传之无穷。

(historical) Alternative name for 秦始皇 (Qín Shǐhuáng, “Qin Shi Huang”).

First Emperor
Qin Shi Huang
Records of the Historian


慕容

/mu⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/mou̯²² jʊŋ²¹/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ¹³/

/bɔ³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/bɔ³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ²³/

/mu⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/mou̯²² jʊŋ²¹/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ¹³/

/bɔ³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/bɔ³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ²³/


呼延

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/

/hɔ³³ iɛn²⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn¹³/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²³/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/

/hɔ³³ iɛn²⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn¹³/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²³/


大屠殺

/tä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/tä⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/


芬蘭共和國

ㄈㄣ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄈㄣ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Фэньлань Гунхэго

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hun³³ lan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Republic of Finland
Republic of Finland#English:_Q33

Republic of Finland (long form of Finland: a country in Northern Europe)


宇部

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇部 (Ube).

obor

(～市) Ube (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


蘇州

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蘇州):
* → Japanese: 蘇(そ)州(しゅう) (soshū)
* → Vietnamese: Tô Châu (蘇州)

desc

→ English: Suzhou, Su-chou, Soochow, Suchow, Suchou (obsolete)

→ Georgian: სუჭოუ (suč̣ou)

→ Lao: ຊູໂຈ (sū chō)

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Suzhou (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)

(historical) Su (a former imperial prefecture in modern Jiangsu, China, surrounding the city)


吳縣

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːn²²/

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːn²²/

(historical) Wu County (a former county of Jiangsu, China)

(～市) (historical) Wuxian (a former county-level city of Jiangsu, China; now part of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


北大

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯²²/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴² tai¹¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯²²/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴² tai¹¹/

北大校史

I want to go to Peking University to attend a lecture.

我要去北大聽講座。

我要去北大听讲座。

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) short for 北京大學／北京大学 (Běijīng Dàxué, “Peking University”)

(Taiwan) short for 國立臺北大學／国立台北大学 (Guólì Táiběi Dàxué, “National Taipei University”)


臺大

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ taːi̯²²/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ taːi̯²²/

short for 國立臺灣大學／国立台湾大学 (Guólì Táiwān Dàxué, “National Taiwan University”)


姑蘇

From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991).

Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū!

女以諫者為必用邪？吳子胥不磔姑蘇東門外乎！

女以谏者为必用邪？吴子胥不磔姑苏东门外乎！

(～城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou

(～區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown

Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū.

居軍三年，吳師自潰。吳王帥其賢良，與其重祿，以上姑蘇。

居军三年，吴师自溃。吴王帅其贤良，与其重禄，以上姑苏。

(～臺) Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu

And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain,
Ringing for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.

c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation

Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán.

姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船。

姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。


白羊座

ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

/paɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/paːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/paːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/


金牛座

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sɔː²²/


金牛宮

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄍㄨㄥ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


禿鷹

/tʰu⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊk̚⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊk̚⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 禿(はげ)鷹(たか) (hagetaka)
;"Andy Tsang"

Commissioner of Police
w:Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)

protests in 2014
w:2014 Hong Kong protests

(Hong Kong Cantonese) Andy Tsang (the Hong Kong Commissioner of Police from 2011 to 2015 who was accused for suppressing the protests in 2014)


行政院

ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄩㄢˋ

ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄩㄢˋ

Синчжэнъюань

/ɕiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ĩ²²/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ĩ⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ĩ²²/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ĩ³³/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ĩ³³/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ĩ²²/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ĩ⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ĩ²²/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ĩ³³/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ĩ³³/

Executive Yuan, the executive branch of government under the constitution of Republic of China, then of Taiwan


國立

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ laːp̚²/

/kʷɔːk̚³ lɐp̚²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ lip̚³²/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ liʔ⁴/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ liʔ⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lip̚¹²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ laːp̚²/

/kʷɔːk̚³ lɐp̚²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ lip̚³²/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ liʔ⁴/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ liʔ⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lip̚¹²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/


橋頭

→ English: Chiaotou, Ch'iao-t'ou, Ciaotou, Qiaotou

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

2016 December 13, 0:15 from the start, in Renovated century-old pharmacy the new tourist attraction in Kaohsiung’s Ciaotou District, Formosa TV:

Kaohsiung’s Ciaotou District has been best known for its fields of cosmos, but the district’s promotion of community-based tourism this year is now letting visitors better know old buildings and the stories behind them.

Gāoxióng Qiáotóu de huāhǎi xīyǐn yóukè zhùzú tèbié de shì jīnnián hái jiéhé shèqū guānguāng ràng rén lái kàn lǎo fángzi tīng lǎo gùshì

高雄橋頭的花海吸引遊客駐足特別的是今年還結合社區觀光讓人來看老房子聽老故事

高雄桥头的花海吸引游客驻足特别的是今年还结合社区观光让人来看老房子听老故事

(～區) Ciaotou (a district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)

(～村) Qiaotou (a village in Futian, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


水門

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²³/


奧林匹克

ㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄆㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄆㄧ ㄎㄜˋ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ lɐm²¹ pʰɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ lɐm²¹ pʰɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵/


曲尺

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

(～鄉) Quchi (a township in Wushan, Chongqing, China)

(～村) Quchi (a village in Quchi, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


池袋

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 池(いけ)袋(ぶくろ) (Ikebukuro).


倉敷

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 倉敷 (Kurashiki).

obor

(～市) Kurashiki (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


同仁

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Tongren (a county-level city and former county of Huangnan prefecture, Qinghai, China)


聖母

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³/

/siɪŋ³¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹²⁻⁴⁴ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɤ⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bu⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bo⁵³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ bo⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³/

/siɪŋ³¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹²⁻⁴⁴ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɤ⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bu⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bo⁵³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ bo⁵²⁻²¹/

(historical) An honorific title for Wu Zetian.

Kṣitigarbha replied: "Holy Mother! Please listen and I shall roughly explain that [matter]."

The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra

Dìcáng dá yán: “Shèngmǔ! Wéi yuàn tīng shòu, wǒ cū shuō zhī.”

地藏答言：「聖母！唯願聽受，我粗說之。」

地藏答言：「圣母！唯愿听受，我粗说之。」

(Buddhism) Lady Maya, mother of the Buddha


文化大革命

ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

Вэньхуа Да Гэмин

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³ taːi̯²² kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³ taːi̯²² kaːp̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³ tai²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ mɛiŋ²⁴²/

/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ²²/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹⁻⁵³ tai³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²²/

/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹⁻⁴¹ tai³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ⁴¹/

/vən²² ho⁴⁴ da²² kəʔ⁵⁵ min²¹/

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³ taːi̯²² kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³ taːi̯²² kaːp̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/vən²² ho⁴⁴ da²² kəʔ⁵⁵ min²¹/


文革

/wən³⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/wən³⁵ kɤ³⁵/

文化大革命 文化大革命#Chinese

short for 文化大革命 (Wénhuà Dà Gémìng, “Cultural Revolution”)


奧會

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


邦迪

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ ti³⁵/

/pɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɪk̚²/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ ti³⁵/

/pɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɪk̚²/


長征

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ³³/

; Long March
First attested in 1935, in a bulletin posted on 22 May in Mianning, Sichuan, attributed to the commander-in-chief Zhu De

The Red Army's expedition of ten thousand li is advancing with irresistible force, crushing all obstacles in our path.

1935,《中國工辳紅軍佈告》(Proclamation of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army)

Hóngjūn wànlǐ chángzhēng, suǒxiàng shìrúpòzhú.

紅軍萬里長征，所向勢如破竹。

红军万里长征，所向势如破竹。

(history) Long March (the military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, October 1934–October 1935)


微博

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ pu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mei̯²¹ pɔːk̚³/

/bi²⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/bi²⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚⁵/

/bi¹³⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰɔk̚³²/

/bi²³⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/mui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰak̚²/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ pu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mei̯²¹ pɔːk̚³/

/bi²⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/bi²⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚⁵/

/bi¹³⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰɔk̚³²/

/bi²³⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/mui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰak̚²/

Sina Weibo (a Chinese microblogging service)


大黑天

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大黑天):
* → Japanese: 大黒天(だいこくてん) (Daikokuten)
* → Korean: 대흑천(大黑天) (Daeheukcheon)
* → Vietnamese: Đại Hắc Thiên (大黑天)

Calque of Sanskrit महाकाल (mahākāla, literally “Great Time”). Compare Tibetan ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ (nag po chen po, literally “Great Black One”).

cog

ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/


民國

→ Bouyei: Minfguef

→ Zhuang: Minzgoz

/mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/

/miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/

/miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/

/miŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

/mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/

/miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/

/miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/

/miŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²¹/

/miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/

/bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

中華民國 中華民國#Chinese

中华民国 中华民国#Chinese

short for 中華民國／中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó, “Republic of China”)

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Republic of China during 1912–1949 before its retreat to Taiwan

105th year of the Republic era (i.e. 2016 A.D.)

民國105年

民国105年

the Republic of China era (a Chinese era name; the era beginning with the founding of the Republic of China in 1912)


織女

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɨt̚⁵ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sɨt̚² ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁴⁵ ny⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ lɯ⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³¹⁻⁵ li⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɨt̚⁵ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sɨt̚² ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁴⁵ ny⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ lɯ⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³¹⁻⁵ li⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology) Zhinü, the weaver girl; see The Weaver Girl and the Cowherd

(～星) (uranography) Weaving Girl, an asterism in the Chinese constellation Ox


雲霄

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/un²⁴⁻¹¹ sio⁴⁴/

/un¹³⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²⁴⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²³⁻³³ siɤ⁴⁴/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/un²⁴⁻¹¹ sio⁴⁴/

/un¹³⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²⁴⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²³⁻³³ siɤ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yunxiao (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


天山

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

Calque of Uyghur تەڭرىتاغ (tengritagh, literally “Mountains of God (Tengri)”) (Tengri Tagh).

cal

Tian Shan (a mountain range in China and Central Asia)


論語

/lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵn²¹ jyː¹³/

/lɵn²² jyː¹³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lun³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/lun²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/lun³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵn²¹ jyː¹³/

/lɵn²² jyː¹³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lun³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/lun²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/lun³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

With a knowledge of only half of the Analects I can govern all under heaven.

attributed to 趙普 Zhao Pu, based on a line in 高文秀 Gao Wenxiu's play《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor

半部論語治天下

半部论语治天下

Each time I decide on some important affair, I open up a piece of writing — the Analects. Now it is said of me that “I order the empire with half of the Analects.”

高文秀 Gao Wenxiu, 《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor, [Yuan dynasty]

Měi jué dàshì, qǐwén guānshū, nǎi “lùnyǔ” yě, cǐshí chēng xiǎoguān yǐ bàn bù “lùnyǔ” zhì yī tiānxià.

每決大事，啟文觀書，乃《論語》也，此時稱小官以半部《論語》治一天下。

每决大事，启文观书，乃《论语》也，此时称小官以半部《论语》治一天下。

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)