一氣之下

ㄧ ㄑㄧˋ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ hei̯³³ t͡siː⁵⁵ haː²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ hei̯³³ t͡siː⁵⁵ haː²²/

First, he was fired by his company for something trivial. Then, after finding a part-time job with much difficulty, because someone complained that he kept giving back the wrong change, his boss fired him in a fury. In the end, he even broke up with his girlfriend who was living together with him for five years because of two-timing!

sin¹ si⁶ jan¹ wai⁶ jat¹ se¹ siu² si⁶ ji⁴ bei⁶ gung¹ si¹ gaai² gu³, zip³ zoek⁶ hou² bat¹ jung⁴ ji⁶ zoi⁶ bin⁶ lei⁶ dim³ zaau² dou³ fan⁶ paat¹ taai¹, git³ gwo² ging² jin⁴ jan¹ wai⁶ bei⁶ tau⁴ sou³ seng⁴ jat⁶ zaau² co³ cin⁴⁻², lou⁵ baan² jat¹ hei³ zi¹ haa⁶ baa² taa¹ ci⁴ teoi³, zeoi³ hau⁶ lin⁴ tung⁴ geoi¹ liu⁵ ng⁵ nin⁴ dik¹ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵ jik⁶ jan¹ wai⁶ jat¹ goek³ daap⁶ loeng⁵ syun⁴ ji⁴ fan¹ sau²!

先是因為一些小事而被公司解僱，接着好不容易在便利店找到份part-time，結果竟然因為被投訴成日找錯錢，老闆一氣之下把他辭退，最後連同居了五年的女朋友亦因為一腳踏兩船而分手！

先是因为一些小事而被公司解雇，接着好不容易在便利店找到份part-time，结果竟然因为被投诉成日找错钱，老板一气之下把他辞退，最后连同居了五年的女朋友亦因为一脚踏两船而分手！


只兩幫

/t͡si³³⁻²¹ l̃aŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mouŋ³³/

/t͡si³³⁻²¹ l̃aŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mouŋ³³/


只幫

/t͡si³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βouŋ³³/

/t͡si³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βouŋ³³/


三不時

/sän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ put̚¹ sz̩¹¹/

/se⁵⁵ pəʔ³³ zz̩²¹/

/se⁴⁴ pəʔ⁴⁴ zz̩/

/sɛ³³ pɐʔ⁵⁵ zz̩³¹/

/sän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ put̚¹ sz̩¹¹/

/se⁵⁵ pəʔ³³ zz̩²¹/

/se⁴⁴ pəʔ⁴⁴ zz̩/

/sɛ³³ pɐʔ⁵⁵ zz̩³¹/

The petty-ghost, not regarding the possibility of he himself being slow, starts being jealous and tries to slander him nevertheless with numerous schemes: from time to time he would invent tall-tales to tell in front of their mother, what seemed to gild all his vices.

Qiānzuànguǐ bù xiǎng zìjǐ yuán shì ge dùnhuò, fǎndǎo dùjì tā qǐlái, qiānfāngbǎijì de ànsǔn tā: sānbùshí zài niáng miànqián tiānzhīhuànyè zhuāngdiǎn tā duǎnchù.

牽鑽鬼不想自己原是個鈍貨，反倒妒忌他起來，千方百計的暗損他：三不時在娘面前添枝換葉裝點他短處。

牵钻鬼不想自己原是个钝货，反倒妒忌他起来，千方百计的暗损他：三不时在娘面前添枝换叶装点他短处。

Come what may, she's always the first one who the pimp goes to for opinions: she's always the one who gets the final word, who he purposefully showers with flattery every so often.

1892, 韓邦慶 (Han Bangqing), 《海上花列傳》 (The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai), chapter 6

⁶lau-pau₃ ²ze-bi₆ ⁵sa ⁶zy-thi₃ ¹si ⁵iau ⁵chi ⁶men ¹li ¹li-seq₇ ⁶na-ka₅ ⁶zy ⁶na-ka₅ ²we-iau₅ ¹se-peq₇-zy₂ ⁵chi ⁷phaq-phaq₇ ¹li ⁶mo-phi₅-meq₈ ³hau

老鴇隨便啥事體先要去問俚，俚說那價是那價，還要三不時去拍拍俚馬屁末好。

老鸨随便啥事体先要去问俚，俚说那价是那价，还要三不时去拍拍俚马屁末好。

Sometimes I'm feel sorry that I'm often not home

yû-sṳ̀ ko-yi-m̀-hi, sâm-put-sṳ̀ mò thô vuk

有時過意不去 三不時不在家

有时过意不去 三不时不在家

(dialectal, including Jianghuai Mandarin, Southern Sixian Hakka, Wu) often; from time to time


起手

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hei̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/kʰi⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴²/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/kʰi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hei̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/kʰi⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁴²/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/kʰi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻²¹/

at first; initially; in the beginning; originally


偷畔

/tʰɤ⁵⁵ bø²¹/

/tʰɤ⁵⁵ bø²¹/

(Wu) in secret; secretively; stealthily; without being detected


偷畔子

/tʰɤ⁵⁵ bø³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

/tʰɤ⁵⁵ bø³³ t͡sz̩²¹/


去咯

(Hsinchu Hokkien, euphemistic) to die; to pass away

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident


單另

/tän⁵⁵ liŋ⁵¹/

/tæ̃²⁴ liŋ²⁴/

/taːn⁵⁵ lɪŋ²²/

/tän⁵⁵ liŋ⁵¹/

/tæ̃²⁴ liŋ²⁴/

/taːn⁵⁵ lɪŋ²²/


多半兒

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pɑɻ⁵¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pɑɻ⁵¹/


立馬兒

/li⁵¹ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liəʔ²² mɑ⁵⁵ əl²¹/

/li⁵¹ mɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liəʔ²² mɑ⁵⁵ əl²¹/

(Beijing and Ürümqi Mandarin, Hangzhounese) immediately; at once


過後兒

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

(Beijing Mandarin) some day (in the future); in days to come


趕後兒

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/


乍出猛兒

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mɤ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mɤ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Beijing Mandarin) at first; initially; in the beginning; originally; at the outset


一插手兒

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Beijing Mandarin) initially; originally; at first; in the beginning


跟手兒

/kən⁵⁵ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kən⁵⁵ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Beijing Mandarin) at once; immediately; without delay; in a minute


晃晃兒

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

(Beijing Mandarin) sometimes; occasionally; now and then

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


定必

/tɪŋ²² piːt̚⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːt̚⁵/

2019, 劉頌賢 [Alex], 何頌怡 [Joni] (lyrics and music), “呼喊”performed by Milk&Honey Worship:

Those who shed their tears will surely rejoice; You cause that which is sowed to be reaped

lau⁴ leoi⁶ ding⁶ bit¹ fun¹ fu¹, nei⁴ giu³ saat³ zung² dak¹ sau¹ got³

流淚定必歡呼 祢叫撒種得收割

流泪定必欢呼 祢叫撒种得收割

(Cantonese) without fail; certainly; surely; definitely; inevitably


臨時臨急

/lɐm²¹ siː²¹ lɐm²¹ kɐp̚⁵/

/lɐm²¹ siː²¹ lɐm²¹ kɐp̚⁵/


迭誠

/diɪʔ¹¹ zən²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ zən²³/


別過

/pat̚²⁴⁻² kə⁴¹/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kue²¹/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² kə⁴¹/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kue²¹/

(Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) next time; sometime


隨……隨……

ㄙㄨㄟˊ ... ㄙㄨㄟˊ ...

суй ... суй ...

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/

隨說隨做

随说随做


常在

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sɔːi̯²²/

/soŋ¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sɔːi̯²²/

/soŋ¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/

(Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) often; frequently; usually


響處

/hœːŋ³⁵ syː³³/

/hœːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰyː³³/

/hœːŋ³⁵ syː³³/

/hœːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰyː³³/


偏生

/pʰi⁵⁵ sã²¹/

/pʰi̯ẽ³³ sən³³/

/pʰi⁵⁵ sã²¹/

/pʰi̯ẽ³³ sən³³/

I told him not to go, and yet he still wilfully goes.

⁵he ¹li ⁵fiau ⁵chi-meq₈ ¹li ¹phie-san₁ ⁵iau ⁵chi

喊俚覅去末，俚偏生要去。

(Xiang, Northern Wu) wilfully; insistently; persistently


斷斷

(Cantonese) absolutely; totally; unconditionally; definitely


先不先

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ pu²¹ ɕiɛn⁵⁵/

/si̯ẽ³³ pu³ si̯ẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ẽ³³ pu³ ɕi̯ẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ pu²¹ ɕiɛn⁵⁵/

/si̯ẽ³³ pu³ si̯ẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ẽ³³ pu³ ɕi̯ẽ³³/

(Northern Min) initially; originally; at first; in the beginning


練常

/li̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂan¹³/

/li̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡san¹³/

/li̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂan¹³/

/li̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡san¹³/


佮偌

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) not at all very; by no means very


較偌

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lua²²/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lua²²/

(Quanzhou Hokkien) not at all very; by no means very


一字

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː²²/


先勿先

/ɕi⁵⁵ vəʔ³³ ɕi²¹/

/sɪ⁴⁴ fəʔ⁴⁴ sɪ/

/ɕi⁵⁵ vəʔ³³ ɕi²¹/

/sɪ⁴⁴ fəʔ⁴⁴ sɪ/

You say that everyone's on board with it — well, I for one am not.

⁶ne ⁷seq ²da₆-ka₁ ²ze ²don-i₅ ¹sie-feq₇-sie₁ ⁶ngou ⁶zeu ⁷feq-don₂-i₅

倷說大家儕同意，先勿先我就勿同意。

倷说大家侪同意，先勿先我就勿同意。

With this meal, even if you just count the dishes for the feast, just that is going to cost a good five or six hundreds up front.

該頓飯，單單酒水，先勿先要五六百塊。

该顿饭，单单酒水，先勿先要五六百块。

(Northern Wu) first off; before anything else

(dialectal Northern Wu, including Shanghainese) unexpectedly; of all things


千常

/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴² t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴² t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/

(Gan, Shadi Wu) often; regularly; frequently


起首

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hei̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴² ɕi̯ɔ⁴²⁻¹/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hei̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴² ɕi̯ɔ⁴²⁻¹/

(literary or Guangzhou Cantonese) at first; initially; in the beginning; originally; at the outset


碰啱

/pʰʊŋ³³ ŋaːm⁵⁵/

/pʰɵŋ³³ ᵑɡam⁵⁵/

/pʰʊŋ³³ ŋaːm⁵⁵/

/pʰɵŋ³³ ᵑɡam⁵⁵/


啱好

/ŋaːm⁵⁵ hou̯³⁵/

/ŋam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hau³¹/

/ŋaːm⁵⁵ hou̯³⁵/

/ŋam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hau³¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka) by chance; fortunately


再四

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ sei̯³³/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ sei̯³³/


硬生生

/iŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaːŋ²² saːŋ⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaːŋ²² saːŋ⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

bluntly and forcibly; stiffly and ungently


逾時

/jyː²² siː²¹/

/jyː²² siː²¹/


不旋踵

ㄅㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨㄥˇ

/pu⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ syːn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ syːn²¹ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/


趁緊

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) quickly; hurriedly; without delay


唔曾

/m̩¹¹ tʰiɛn¹¹/

/m̩¹¹ tʰiɛn¹¹/


唔曾

(Taishanese, colloquial) Alternative form of 未曾 (“never”)


孤啊

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² a²²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² a²²/


翻然

/fän⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/fän⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

Alternative form of 幡然 (fānrán, “suddenly (describing an action that involves a change)”)


幡然

/fän⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/fän⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

幡然覺悟

幡然觉悟

In the primeval age, in the time of the Great Simplicity, the elemental energy was dim and unclear, as of yet without form or manifestation. The myriad essences were assembled together, mixed into one, and nobody could create nor control it. It was like this for a long time. Suddenly, it changed on its own; the clear and the murky became distinct, and transformed into yin and yang.

Shànggǔ zhī shì, tàisù zhī shí, yuánqì yǎomíng, wèi yǒu xíng zhào, wàn jīng hébìng, hùn ér wèi yī, mò zhì mò yù. Ruò sī jiǔ zhī, fānrán zì huà, qīngzhuó fēnbié, biànchéng yīnyáng.

上古之世，太素之時，元氣窈冥，未有形兆，萬精合并，混而為一，莫制莫御。若斯久之，翻然自化，清濁分別，變成陰陽。

上古之世，太素之时，元气窈冥，未有形兆，万精合并，混而为一，莫制莫御。若斯久之，翻然自化，清浊分别，变成阴阳。

suddenly (describing an action that involves a change)


敢著

/kã⁴⁴⁻²² tioʔ¹²¹/

/kã⁴⁴⁻²² tioʔ⁴/

/kã³³ tioʔ²⁴/

/kã⁴⁴⁻²² tioʔ¹²¹/

/kã⁴⁴⁻²² tioʔ⁴/

/kã³³ tioʔ²⁴/

(Southern Min) what need is there to; why does one need to


敢咧

(Xiamen Hokkien) why; for what reason; how come


敢哪

/kan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ na⁵⁵⁴/

/kan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ na⁵⁵⁴/

(Philippine Hokkien) why; for what reason; how come


就跟兒

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ kəɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ kəɻ⁵⁵/

(Beijing Mandarin) at first; initially; in the beginning; originally


竟夕

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹/

/kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹/

/kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/


特事

/tʰɛt̚² sz̩¹/

/tʰɛt̚² sz̩¹/


吱吱喳喳

чжичжичжачжа

čžičžičžačža

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵⁻²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡saː²¹ t͡saː²¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡saː⁵⁵ t͡saː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵⁻²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡saː²¹ t͡saː²¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡saː⁵⁵ t͡saː⁵⁵/

(onomatopoeia) The sound of birds' chirpping.

(onomatopoeia) The sound of many people talking.


高降

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/


有頃

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐu̯¹³ kʰɪŋ³⁵/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐu̯¹³ kʰɪŋ³⁵/


無意間

/u³⁵ i⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/bo²⁴⁻²² i²¹⁻⁵³ kan⁴⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kan³³/

/bo¹³⁻²² i²¹⁻⁵³ kan⁴⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ i¹¹⁻⁵³ kan⁴⁴/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ i²¹⁻⁴¹ kan⁴⁴/

/u³⁵ i⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/bo²⁴⁻²² i²¹⁻⁵³ kan⁴⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kan³³/

/bo¹³⁻²² i²¹⁻⁵³ kan⁴⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ i¹¹⁻⁵³ kan⁴⁴/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ i²¹⁻⁴¹ kan⁴⁴/


裡外裡

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ ŋɔːi̯²² lɵy̯¹³/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ ŋɔːi̯²² lɵy̯¹³/


總無說

/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bo²⁴⁻²² səʔ⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bo²⁴⁻²² səʔ⁵/

(Quanzhou Hokkien) Indicates a rhetorical question: surely it doesn't mean that... (used when a new person or thing cannot be avoided and must be acted upon)


總無講

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Indicates a rhetorical question: surely it doesn't mean that... (used when a new person or thing cannot be avoided and must be acted upon)


攏褿

/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siau²⁴/

/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siau¹³/

/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siau²⁴/

/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siau¹³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) all; without exception


涼血

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² huiʔ⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² huiʔ³²/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hiɛt̚⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hiɛt̚³²/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² hiɛt̚³²/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² huiʔ⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² huiʔ³²/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hiɛt̚⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hiɛt̚³²/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² hiɛt̚³²/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) to cool the blood (upon eating some food or medicine)


沓沓

/tau(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tauʔ¹²¹/

/tau(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tauʔ¹²¹/

[Our] hearts often lose peace, constantly worrying about hardships [literal translation]
O what peace we often forfeit, O what needless pain we bear [original lyrics]

1964, 至好朋友就是耶穌 (What a Friend We Have in Jesus), in 《聖詩》

Sim-koaⁿ siông-siông sit-lo̍h pêng-an, Ta̍uh-ta̍uh khòa-lū kan-khó͘ sū

心肝常常失落平安，沓沓掛慮艱苦事

心肝常常失落平安，沓沓挂虑艰苦事

(Hokkien) continuously; constantly; always

(Hokkien) placed after monosyllable adjectives to indicate a high intensity


日臻

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚² t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚² t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(of positive developments) day by day; gradually


日見

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


稍稍仔

/t͡sʰiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) slightly; a little; somewhat


東……西……

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

東瞧瞧西看看

东瞧瞧西看看

(connecting two verbs or phrases with similar meaning) in various places or directions; here and there; this way or that way


咯嘣

/kɤ⁵⁵ pɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ pɤŋ⁵⁵/

(onomatopoeia) pitter-patter (sound of footsteps)

(onomatopoeia) crunch; chomp (sound of chewing)


自後

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

(Classical) henceforth; from now on; from this moment on


惡實

/o²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/o²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

/o²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/o²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

(Xiang) excellently; amazingly; impressively (used as a complement)

傲人

nowadays especially of breasts, body curve


何什

1998, 鮑厚星 et al. (editors), 長沙方言詞典, page 90

咯是何什搞的囉？

咯是何什搞的啰？

你打算何什唻？

你打算何什𫪁？

你何什要說假話囉？

你何什要说假话啰？


傒勢

傒势
快勢
快世
奚勢
溪勢

/kʰɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liɛ²¹³/

/kʰɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liɛ²¹³/


阿佮

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kap̚³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kap̚³²/

(Xiamen Hokkien) together; jointly; in collaboration


野行

/ia³³⁻²¹ ouŋ⁵³/

/ia³³⁻²¹ ouŋ⁵³/


做什麼

ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂən³⁵ mə³/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂən³⁵ mə³/

Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing, The Injustice to Dou E

Zuò shénme sān nián bùjiàn gānlín jiàng? Yě zhǐ wèi Dōnghǎi céngjīng xiàofù yuān.

做甚麼三年不見甘霖降？也只為東海曾經孝婦冤。

做什么三年不见甘霖降？也只为东海曾经孝妇冤。


是搭

(Wenzhounese) in the process of; currently


一時時

/jɐt̚⁵ siː²¹ siː²¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ siː²¹⁻³⁵ siː²¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ siː²¹ siː²¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ siː²¹⁻³⁵ siː²¹/

(Cantonese) occasionally; sometimes; now and then; from time to time


兩下二

/liɔŋ³¹ ha⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋi⁵³/

/liɔŋ³¹ ha⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋi⁵³/


了個寂寞

˙ㄌㄜ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄐㄧˋ ㄇㄛˋ

˙ㄌㄜ ˙ㄍㄜ ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄛˋ

/lə g̊ə¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lə g̊ə¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lə g̊ə¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lə g̊ə¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(Internet slang, usually after monosyllabic verbs) in vain


固之然

/kuː³³ t͡siː⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ku³³ t͡si³³ ᵑɡen²²⁻²²⁵/

/kuː³³ t͡siː⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ku³³ t͡si³³ ᵑɡen²²⁻²²⁵/


來死

(Shanghainese) very; really; badly (placed after the adjective)


特特裡

/dəʔ¹¹ dəʔ²² li²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ dəʔ²² li²³/


迭為

/diɪʔ¹¹ ɦue²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ ɦue²³/

(Wu) intentionally; deliberately; purposely


特為

/dəʔ¹¹ ɦue²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ ɦue²³/


著生頭裡

/t͡saʔ³³ sã⁵⁵ dɤ³³ li²¹/

/t͡saʔ³³ sã⁵⁵ dɤ³³ li²¹/


突然之間

/tɐt̚² jiːn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/

/ut̚³² ᵑɡen³³ t͡si³³ kan³³⁻³³⁵/

/dəʔ¹¹ zø²² t͡sz̩²² t͡ɕi²³/

/dəʔ²² zø⁵⁵ t͡sz̩³³ t͡ɕi²¹/

/tɐt̚² jiːn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/

/ut̚³² ᵑɡen³³ t͡si³³ kan³³⁻³³⁵/

/dəʔ¹¹ zø²² t͡sz̩²² t͡ɕi²³/

/dəʔ²² zø⁵⁵ t͡sz̩³³ t͡ɕi²¹/


著陌生裡

/zaʔ¹¹ məʔ²² sã²² li²³/

/zaʔ¹¹ məʔ²² sã²² li²³/


恰恰好

/kʰaʔ³³ kʰaʔ⁵⁵ hɔ²¹/

/kʰaʔ³³ kʰaʔ⁵⁵ hɔ²¹/


剛正好

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sən³³ hɔ²¹/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sən³³ hɔ²¹/


恰恰叫

/kʰaʔ³³ kʰaʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹/

/kʰaʔ³³ kʰaʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹/


眼眼調

/ŋe²² ŋe⁵⁵ diɔ²¹/

/ŋe²² ŋe⁵⁵ diɔ²¹/


貼正好

/tiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁵⁵ hɔ²¹/

/tiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁵⁵ hɔ²¹/


剛剛好

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃³³ hɔ²¹/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃³³ hɔ²¹/

(Wu, Yangzhou Mandarin) by chance; as it happens


貼准

/tiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁴⁴/

/tiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁴⁴/


來得個

/le²² təʔ⁵⁵ ɡəʔ²¹/

/le²² təʔ⁵⁵ ɡəʔ²¹/


畢畢

/piɪʔ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/

/piɪʔ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/


正正好好

ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄏㄠˇ ㄏㄠˇ

чжэнчжэнхаохао

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sən³³ hɔ³³ hɔ²¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sən³³ hɔ³³ hɔ²¹/


十分之

/sɐp̚² fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


最最

/t͡sø⁵⁵ t͡sø²¹/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ t͡sø²¹/

(Shanghainese) most; -est (more intense)


眼眼叫

/ŋe²² ŋe⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/ŋe²² ŋe⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

(Northern Wu) by chance; in case; as it happens


貼正

/tʰiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁴⁴/

/tʰiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁴⁴/


導郎

/to²²⁻²¹ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

/to²¹ lɔŋ³³/

/tɔ²¹ lɔŋ²³/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/to³³⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

/to²¹ lɔŋ³³/

/tɔ²¹ lɔŋ²³/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/to³³⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

Borrowed from Malay tolong, from Classical Malay tolong, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuluŋ (“to help, to assist”).

der

1950s, “牛老四”performed by 張老三, 馬標唱片 [Horse Record]:

aa¹ ngau⁴ lou⁵ sei³, ngo⁵ do³ long² nei⁵ ng⁵ sap⁶ pei⁴⁻² laa¹

啊牛老四，我多隆你五十皮啦

2020, 南华潮剧社 Nam Hwa Opera, 1h58m30s from the start, in 苏六娘 The Tale Of Su Liu Niang:

「哎呀，孬啊，導郎啊！」

「哎呀，孬啊，导郎啊！」

(Indonesian, Singapore and Malaysian Hokkien) please


準擬

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


緊縒緩

/kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ uan²²/

/kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ uan²²/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) sooner or later; in time


仔仔細細

ㄗˇ ㄗˇ ㄒㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹/

very carefully; thoroughly; meticulously


至少兒

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʂɔ⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʂɔ⁵¹/


未見得

/u̯e̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

/u̯e̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/


非獨

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ tu³⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ tu³⁵/


為麼子

/u̯e̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ mo⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/u̯e̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ mo⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


尚待

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² tɔːi̯²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² tɔːi̯²²/


庸詎

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

Literally, "by what; with what; because of what", according to an explanation given in the Jingdian Shiwen. See quotation below.

How do you know, when I say "I know it," that it's impossible that I do not really know it? How do you know, when I say "I do not know it," that it's impossible that I do know it?

Yōngjù zhī wú suǒwèi “zhī” zhī fēi bùzhī yé? Yōngjù zhī wú suǒwèi “bùzhī” zhī fēi zhī yé?

庸詎知吾所謂「知」之非不知邪？庸詎知吾所謂「不知」之非知邪？

庸讵知吾所谓「知」之非不知邪？庸讵知吾所谓「不知」之非知邪？


錯峰

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰak̚²⁻⁴ hoŋ³³/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰak̚²⁻⁴ hoŋ³³/

starting at different, evenly-spaced times or places; in a staggered way


陡然

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ jiːn²¹/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ jiːn²¹/


貿貿然

/mɐu̯²² mɐu̯²² jiːn²¹/

/mɐu̯²² mɐu̯²² jiːn²¹/


專誠

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/


當堂

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(Cantonese) immediately; at once; on the spot; then and there


耐唔時

/nɔːi̯²² m̩²¹ siː²¹⁻³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² m̩²¹ siː²¹⁻³⁵/


耐唔中

/nɔːi̯²² m̩²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² m̩²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/


自今

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

自今以始，歲其有。

自今以始，岁其有。

Jīn ér hòu zhī bùzú, zìjīn qǐng suī wú jiā, tīng zǐ ér xíng.

今而後知不足，自今請雖吾家，聽子而行。

今而后知不足，自今请虽吾家，听子而行。


工工

/køyŋ⁵⁵ køyŋ⁵⁵/

/køyŋ⁵⁵ køyŋ⁵⁵/


捎帶腳

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄕㄠ ㄉㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄠˇㄦ

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(colloquial) incidentally; conveniently; in passing


通共

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tʰɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tʰɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

(colloquial) altogether; in total; in all; in sum


晨早

I've already told you to listen to my advice!

ngo⁵ san⁴ zou² giu³ nei⁵ teng¹ ngo⁵ gong² gaa³ laa¹!

我晨早叫你聽我講㗎啦！

我晨早叫你听我讲㗎啦！

(Cantonese) long since; long ago; already at an earlier time; for a long time; early on


乃爾

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːi̯¹³ jiː¹³/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːi̯¹³ jiː¹³/


滿口

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muːn¹³ hɐu̯³⁵/

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muːn¹³ hɐu̯³⁵/


幾咁

(Cantonese) how; so (followed by an adjective or an adverb)


較停仔

/kʰa(ʔ)⁵ tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)⁵ tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/


云何

The term has been started to detach from its literal meaning since the times of the Classic of Poetry. Cf. 如何, which has undergone a similar route.

Having seen the princely lord, shall we not rejoice? (lit. "how can one say we do not rejoice?")

既見君子，云何不樂？

既见君子，云何不乐？

This strategy leads to certain ruin! Why did he ended up on the throne?

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Cǐ fǎ dāng shī, yúnhé dé suì yǒu tiānxià?

此法當失，云何得遂有天下？

此法当失，云何得遂有天下？

(You know quite clearly) how the Marshal's relation with (the Governor of) Jiangzhou has been. Yet you still want to seek refuge there?

Dàjiāngjūn píngsù yǔ Jiāngzhōu yúnhé? Ér rǔ yù guī zhī.

大將軍平素與江州云何？而汝欲歸之。

大将军平素与江州云何？而汝欲归之。

(often in a rhetorical question) how; why


指日

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/


可待

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

(literary) about to; on the point of; going to; soon; at hand; around the corner


skr

酷skr人！全新XC40的速度與激情

酷skr人！全新XC40的速度与激情

Tòng “skr” rénzǎbàn? Yǒurénzhuānménjiějuézhèwèntí

痛“skr”人咋辦？有人專門解決這問題

痛“skr”人咋办？有人专门解决这问题

愁skr人，止咳食療有妙招

愁skr人，止咳食疗有妙招

An alternative word for 死個, used as an adverb


因間

(Cantonese) Synonym of 一陣間／一阵间 (jat1 zan6 gaan1)


挨班

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ pɑɻ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ pɑɻ⁵⁵/


暗下裡

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

behind someone's back
behind someone's back

in secret; in private; surreptitiously; behind someone's back; privately; on the sly


暗下

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/


巴巴兒地

/pä⁵⁵ pɑɻ⁵⁵ d̥ə²/

/pä⁵⁵ pɑɻ⁵⁵ d̥ə²/


大率

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/


係噉意

/hɐi̯²² kɐm³⁵ jiː³³⁻³⁵/

/hɐi̯²² kɐm³⁵ jiː³³⁻³⁵/

I casually bought a pack of fruits to gift him/her.

ngo⁵ hai⁶ gam² ji³⁻² maai⁵ zo² fan⁶ saang¹ gwo² sung³ bei² keoi⁵.

我係噉意買咗份生果送畀佢。

我系噉意买咗份生果送畀佢。

(Cantonese) casually; carelessly; not paying serious attention


無乃

/u³⁵ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u³⁵ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


免用

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/miŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ¹¹/

/meŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ¹¹/

/miaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ¹¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/

/miŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ¹¹/

/meŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ¹¹/

/miaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ¹¹/

There is no need for you, Father, to worry; this illness on me does not need to be treated

put-su hū-chhin lí kòa-ì, góa sin chit chèng bián-iōng i

不須父親爾掛意 我身此症免用醫

不须父亲尔挂意 我身此症免用医

People say having many children will starve the father to death; if one gives birth to good children, there is no need to have more

1934, 新編二十四孝歌

lâng kóng chōe kiáⁿ gō sí pē, siⁿ-tio̍h hó kiáⁿ bián-iōng ke

人廣多子餓死父 生着好子免用加

1934, 新編二十四孝歌

人广多子饿死父 生着好子免用加

(Southern Min) not necessary; don't; no need to


保不定

ㄅㄠˇ ˙ㄅㄨ ㄉㄧㄥˋ

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥u⁴ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥u⁴ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(colloquial) may well (have ...); probably; quite possibly


冷然

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/


阿羅

/ᵘɔ⁵⁵ lᵘɔ²¹/

/ᵘɔ⁵⁵ lᵘɔ²¹/

(Taishanese, originally American (–1980)) all; altogether


即場

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/


清清

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

in vain; for no reason; for no purpose; for nothing; unsuccessfully


備不住

/peɪ̯⁵¹ b̥u¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ b̥u¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/


不任

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/


不乃

/pu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


原初

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue³³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue³³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

(Mandarin, Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) originally; formerly; at first


比歲

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


比年

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/


做物

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mueʔ⁴/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mueʔ⁴/


翻來翻去

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² huan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ lai²³⁻³³ huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² huan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ lai²³⁻³³ huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) to toss and turn over and over (in bed)


薨薨

/xʊŋ⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

(onomatopoeia, often of insects) swarming; flocking; noisily


同早

/tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵²/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵²/

/tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵²/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵²/


空身人

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/kʰaŋ³³ sin³³ laŋ²⁴/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/kʰaŋ³³ sin³³ laŋ²⁴/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

(Hokkien) lightly packed; not bringing burdensome objects


意中

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː³³ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɔŋ³³/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː³³ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɔŋ³³/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/


上頭仔

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) initially; originally


失雞無神

/sɐt̚⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵ mou̯²¹ sɐn²¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵ mou̯²¹ sɐn²¹/

(Cantonese) suddenly; unexpectedly; out of the blue


頓然

/tu̯ən⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/tu̯ən⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/


霍然

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jiːn²¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jiːn²¹/


遽然

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/kɵy̯²² jiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/kɵy̯²² jiːn²¹/


相共

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ²²/

/sã³³⁻²¹ kaŋ²¹/

/sã³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ³³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ²²/

/sã³³ kaŋ³³/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ²²/

/sã³³⁻²¹ kaŋ²¹/

/sã³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ³³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ²²/

/sã³³ kaŋ³³/


到時到候

/tou̯³³ siː²¹ tou̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/tou̯³³ siː²¹ tou̯³³ hɐu̯²²/


悶頭

/mən⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/mən⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/mən⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/mən⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

(colloquial) with one's head down; silently


搞不好

/kɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ hou̯³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ hou̯³⁵/


猶且

/joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


先期

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/


匆猝

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːt̚³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːt̚³/

(literary) hurried; hasty; all of a sudden


自早

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sa⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sa⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sa⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sa⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵³/

(Hokkien) from the past until the present; all along


是是

/si³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/si³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

Go get married, go get married, go get married swiftly, go get married quickly, go get married without delay

ke³ gê³ ke³ gê³ liu³ liu³ ke³ gê³ mên² mên² ke³ gê³ si⁶ si⁶ ke³ gê³

去嫁去嫁溜溜去嫁猛猛去嫁是是去嫁


親耳

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/t͡sʰin²⁴ ŋi³¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/t͡sʰin²⁴ ŋi³¹/


盡命

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³/

(literary, Hakka) as if one's life depended on it; desperately


佇佇

(Penang Hokkien) Alternative form of 直直 (tī-tī, “constantly; continuously”)


親目

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ bak̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² bak̚⁴³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² bak̚⁴/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ mak̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ bak̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² bak̚⁴³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² bak̚⁴/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ mak̚⁴/

(Hakka, Southern Min) with one's own eyes


這久

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ku⁴²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ku⁴²/


遽啊

(Southern Sixian Hakka) quickly; hurriedly; without delay


共快

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵/

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵/


趕遽

(Taiwanese Hakka) quickly; hurriedly; without delay


月裡

/ŋyɛ⁴² ti²¹/

/ŋyɛ⁴² ti²¹/

(Northern Min) before the end of the month


厥後

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/


從早

/t͡sŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sŋ̍²⁴⁻²² t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

(Philippine Hokkien) from the past until the present; all along


難不成

/nän³⁵ b̥u³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/nän³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/naːn²¹ pɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ b̥u³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/nän³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/naːn²¹ pɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(rhetorical question) Indicates a rhetorical question: surely it doesn't mean that...; is it possible that...


大概其

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(Beijing Mandarin) Synonym of 大概 (dàgài)


有幾何

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

How often are you going to wear this pair of pants? [meaning: You are not going to wear this pair of pants often.]

nei⁵ jau⁵ gei² ho⁴⁻² wui⁵ zoek³ ni¹ tiu⁴ fu³ ze¹?

你有幾何會著呢條褲啫？

你有几何会着呢条裤啫？

(Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin) how often; how many times (used in rhetorical questions implying "seldom")


猶言

/joʊ̯³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/joʊ̯³⁵ jɛn³⁵/


核爆

/xɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɐt̚² paːu̯³³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² pɔk̚⁴/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² pɔk̚²⁴/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pɔk̚¹²¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² pɔk̚⁴/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² pɔk̚⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɐt̚² paːu̯³³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² pɔk̚⁴/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² pɔk̚²⁴/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pɔk̚¹²¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² pɔk̚⁴/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² pɔk̚⁴/

柒到核爆

型到核爆

熱到核爆

热到核爆

(chiefly Hong Kong Cantonese, colloquial) extremely, intensively, explosively (exaggerated form of 爆, used with the particle 到)


有兜

(dialectical Hakka) a little; slightly; somewhat


一曰

such as (to give an example from some category mentioned)

that is to say; another way of putting it


𤊶翻

𤊶翻企


到咊

/kau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tã³³/

/kau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tã³³/

(Teochew) Alternative form of 到今 (“up to now; so far”)


即管

nei⁵ jau⁵ me¹ seoi¹ jiu³ bong¹ sau² zau⁶ zik¹ gun² ceot¹ seng¹ laa¹.

你有咩需要幫手就即管出聲啦。

你有咩需要帮手就即管出声啦。

即管試下先。

即管试下先。

(Cantonese) as one pleases; freely; unhesitatingly


當庭

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/tɯŋ³³⁻²³ tʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/tɯŋ³³⁻²³ tʰeŋ⁵⁵/


夠嗮

/kɐu̯³³ saːi̯³³/

/kɐu̯³³ saːi̯³³/

夠嗮煩

够嗮烦

(Cantonese, emphatic) Synonym of 夠／够 (“quite; impressively”)


做垺

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ pu²⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ pu¹³/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ bu⁵⁵/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ pu²⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ pu¹³/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ bu⁵⁵/


前後腳兒

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄠˇㄦ

цяньхоуцзяор

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Mandarin) Erhua form of 前後腳／前後腳 (qiánhòujiǎo).


勒勒

/ɦləʔ²² ʔləʔ⁵⁵/

/ləʔ³³ ləʔ⁴⁴/

/ləʔ²² ləʔ⁵⁵/

/ɦləʔ²² ʔləʔ⁵⁵/

/ləʔ³³ ləʔ⁴⁴/

/ləʔ²² ləʔ⁵⁵/

在在
在扗
扗在
扗扗
辣辣
勒辣
垃辣
勒勒
垃勒
拉勒
勒垃
垃垃
辣拉
勒拉
拉拉
垃啦
啦啦

我勒勒孛相

continuous aspect
continuous aspect#English


略略

/ly̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/lœːk̚² lœːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ly̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/lœːk̚² lœːk̚²⁻³⁵/


點不知

/tiːm³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/tiːm³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese) Synonym of 點知／点知 (“who would have thought; little did one know; how was one to know”)


實牙實齒

/sɐt̚² ŋaː²¹ sɐt̚² t͡sʰiː³⁵/

/sɐt̚² ŋaː²¹ sɐt̚² t͡sʰiː³⁵/

(Cantonese, of one's speech) firmly; with certainty


老早

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁵³/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁴¹/

/lɔ²² t͡sɔ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁵³/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sa⁴¹/

/lɔ²² t͡sɔ⁴⁴/

⁸geq-tsaq ⁵ku-zy ⁵kaon-geq ⁵sy ⁶lau-tsau-geq ⁶zy-thi

搿隻故事講個是老早個事體。

搿只故事讲个是老早个事体。


極好個

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

ㄐㄧˊ ㄏㄠˇㄦ ˙ㄍㄜ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ xaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

作業極好個多了。

作业极好个多了。


零基礎

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/


九成

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


嚟嚟去去

léi⁴ léi⁴ hêu³ hêu³

/lɐi̯²¹ lɐi̯²¹ hɵy̯³³ hɵy̯³³/

/lei̯²¹ lei̯²¹ hɵy̯³³ hɵy̯³³/

/lɐi̯²¹ lɐi̯²¹ hɵy̯³³ hɵy̯³³/

/lei̯²¹ lei̯²¹ hɵy̯³³ hɵy̯³³/

It's the same old things over and over; there's nothing new.

lai⁴ lai⁴ heoi³ heoi³ dou¹ hai⁶ go² saam¹ fuk¹ pei⁵, mou⁵ lei⁴ san¹ ji³.

嚟嚟去去都係嗰三幅被，冇釐新意。

嚟嚟去去都系嗰三幅被，冇厘新意。

(Cantonese) back and forth; over and over


漸快

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/


話嗮

/waː²² saːi̯³³/

/waː²² saːi̯³³/

1996, The God of Cookery, spoken by Stephen Chow (Stephen Chow):

Give me some face, after all I'm the God of Cookery.

bei² haa⁵ min⁶⁻² a¹, waa⁶ saai³ dou¹ sik⁶ san⁴ a¹.

畀下面吖，話嗮都食神吖。

畀下面吖，话嗮都食神吖。

(Cantonese) after all; in any case; at any rate


壹是

(literary) without exception; categorically


節次

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

one after another; one after the other; successively


各到各處

/koʔ³³ tɔ⁵⁵ koʔ³³ t͡sʰz̩²¹/

/koʔ³³ tɔ⁵⁵ koʔ³³ t͡sʰz̩²¹/


各搭地方

/koʔ³³ taʔ³³ di²² fɑ̃⁴⁴/

/koʔ³³ taʔ³³ di²² fɑ̃⁴⁴/


有場化

/hiɤ³³ zã⁵⁵ ho²¹/

/hiɤ⁴⁴ zã²² ho⁴⁴/

/hiɤ³³ zã⁵⁵ ho²¹/

/hiɤ⁴⁴ zã²² ho⁴⁴/


沿馬路

/ɦi²² mo⁵⁵ lu²¹/

/ɦi³³ mo²² lu⁴⁴/

/ɦi²² mo⁵⁵ lu²¹/

/ɦi³³ mo²² lu⁴⁴/


夜頭點

/ɦia²² dɤ⁵⁵ ti²¹/

/ɦia²² dɤ⁵⁵ ti²¹/


勿多幾時

/vəʔ¹¹ tu²² t͡ɕi²² zz̩²³/

/vəʔ¹¹ tu²² t͡ɕi²² zz̩²³/


勿多幾日

/vəʔ¹¹ tu²² t͡ɕi²² n̠ʲiɪʔ²³/

/vəʔ¹¹ tu²² t͡ɕi²² n̠ʲiɪʔ²³/


一歇辰光

ih^入 shih zen kuaon; ih^入 shih zen^去 kuaon

/iɪʔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ zən³³ kuɑ̃²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴ zən²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ zən³³ kuɑ̃²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴ zən²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

我一歇辰光就來。

我一歇辰光就来。

When that thing happened today, I was asleep at the time

¹cin-tsau ⁷faq-sen ⁶zy-ku ⁷iq-shiq-zen-kuaon ⁶ngu ⁵tsen ⁸laq ⁵khuen-kau

今朝發生事故，一歇辰光我正辣睏覺。

今朝发生事故，一歇辰光我正辣困觉。


老裡八早

/lɔ²² li⁵⁵ paʔ³³ t͡sɔ²¹/

/lɔ²² li⁵⁵ paʔ³³ t͡sɔ²¹/

I've been at the door waiting for a long time.

⁶ngu ⁶lau-li-paq-tsau ⁶zhieu ⁵ten-laq ⁶men-kheu-deu ⁰le

我老裡八早就等辣門口頭唻。

我老里八早就等辣门口头𫪁。


開頭辰光

/kʰe⁵⁵ dɤ³³ zən³³ kʰuɑ̃²¹/

/kʰe⁵⁵ dɤ³³ zən³³ kʰuɑ̃²¹/


起先頭

/t͡ɕʰi³³ ɕi⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³³ ɕi⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/


一直往前

ㄧˋ ㄓˊ ㄨㄤˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚² wɔːŋ¹³ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚² wɔːŋ¹³ t͡sʰiːn²¹/


老裡老早

/lɔ²² li⁵⁵ lɔ³³ t͡sɔ²¹/

/lɔ²² li⁵⁵ lɔ³³ t͡sɔ²¹/

I've started learning languages a long time ago, but I'm still not any good.

⁶ngu ⁶lau-li-lau-tsau ⁶zhieu ⁸ghoq ⁶nga-ven ⁸leq ⁵tau ⁶yi-ze ⁶ghe ⁶m-meq ⁸ghoq-hau

我老裡老早就學外文了，到現在還嘸沒學好。

我老里老早就学外文了，到现在还呒没学好。

This morning I started waiting for you at the park entrace very early.

¹cin-tsau ⁶ngu ⁶lau-li-lau-tsau ⁶zhieu ⁵tau ¹kon-yoe-men-kheu ⁵ten-non ⁸leq

今朝我老裡老早就到公園門口等儂了。

今朝我老里老早就到公园门口等侬了。


後首來

/dɤ²² sɤ⁵⁵ le²¹/

/dɤ²² sɤ⁵⁵ le²¹/


𫝛時

/saŋ²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/saŋ²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

(Hokkien) simultaneously; at the same time


乃朝後

/ne³³ zɔ²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

/ne²² zɔ⁵⁵ ɦɤ²¹/

/ne³³ zɔ²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

/ne²² zɔ⁵⁵ ɦɤ²¹/


乃朝後頭

/ne²² zɔ⁵⁵ ɦɤ³³ dɤ²¹/

/ne²² zɔ⁵⁵ ɦɤ³³ dɤ²¹/

From now on you ought to take care of your body.

⁶ne-zau-gheu-deu ⁵chi ⁶non ⁵iau ⁵te ¹sen-thi ¹tu-tu-pau-zon

乃朝後頭去儂要對身體多多保重。

乃朝后头去侬要对身体多多保重。


可摸耳

/hɔː³⁵ mɔː³⁵ jiː¹³/

/hɔː³⁵ mɔː³⁵ jiː¹³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, chiefly Internet slang) whether or not; can or can't


靜靜雞

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɪŋ²²⁻³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɪŋ²²⁻³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

(Cantonese) stealthily, quietly, in secret, secretively


現兜兜

/jiːn²² tɐu̯⁵⁵ tɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jiːn²² tɐu̯⁵⁵ tɐu̯⁵⁵/


晏歇

/e³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/e³³ ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

You have to remind him a good couple of times, don't let him forget it later!

⁶non ⁵iau ¹tu ¹tin-tsoq ⁶yi ⁶lian-san ⁵e-shi ⁶yi ⁸veq-iau ⁶maon-ci-theq-tsy

儂要多叮囑伊兩聲，晏歇伊勿要忘記脫仔！

侬要多叮嘱伊两声，晏歇伊勿要忘记脱仔！


晏一歇

/e³³ iɪʔ⁵⁵ ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/e³³ iɪʔ⁵⁵ ɕiɪʔ²¹/

伊要晏一歇再來。

伊要晏一歇再来。


晏歇點

/e³³ ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ ti²¹/

/e³³ ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ ti²¹/


啦啦聲

啦啦声
嗱嗱聲
拿拿聲
喇喇聲

/laː²¹ laː²¹⁻³⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/laː²¹ laː²¹ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/laː²¹ laː²¹⁻³⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/laː²¹ laː²¹ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

When you finish work for the day, go home quickly, or else if our boss gets you to work overtime, you'd have to work for a long time!

2018, 郑定欧 et al. (editors), 《新编今日粤语 下册》, page 61

nei⁵ sau¹ gung¹ zau⁶ laa⁴ laa⁴⁻² seng¹ faan¹ uk¹ kei² laa¹, mai⁶ lou⁵ sai³ wan² zoek⁶ nei⁵ gaa¹ baan¹ zau⁶ jau⁵ paai⁴ zou⁶ laak³!

你收工就啦啦聲返屋企啦，咪老細搵著你加班就有排做嘞！

你收工就啦啦声返屋企啦，咪老细揾着你加班就有排做嘞！


㗾㗾聲

㗾㗾声
靴靴聲
hur hur聲

hê⁴ hê⁴⁻² séng¹

/hœː²¹ hœː²¹⁻³⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/hœː²¹ hœː²¹⁻³⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/


尷尬頭

/ke⁵⁵ ka³³ dɤ²¹/

/ke⁵⁵ ka³³ dɤ²¹/

I'm halfway through doing something, please wait.

¹san-weq ⁵tsu ⁸laq ¹ke-ka-deu ⁵chin ⁶non ⁵ten-iq ⁵ten

生活做辣尷尬頭，請儂等一等。

生活做辣尴尬头，请侬等一等。


E+

/jiː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

Irregular romanisation of 依家 (ji1 gaa1, “now”).

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of 依家 (ji1 gaa1)


無使

(dialectal Cantonese) need not; not have to


勒海

在許
辣海
垃海
啦嗨
辣嗨
辣許
啦許
勒許
拉嗨
拉海
垃壗

be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)

perfective aspect
perfective aspect#English


有板數

We used to sit on ricksaws like this, we used to be used to sitting like this, and there are already rules there.

2010, Qian Nairong, 《從〈滬語便商〉所見的老上海話時態》 (Tenses and Aspects? Old Shanghainese as Found in the Book Huyu Bian Shang)

我伲一到拉坐個，坐慣拉個，有板數勒拉個。

我伲一到拉坐个，坐惯拉个，有板数勒拉个。


起碼貨

/t͡ɕʰi³³ mo⁵⁵ hu²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³³ mo⁵⁵ hu²¹/

This time we have to give presents that cost at least 600 dollars.

⁸geq-tshy ⁵son-li ⁵chi-mo-hu ⁵iau ⁵son ⁸loq-paq-gnioe ⁶li

搿次送禮起碼貨要送六百元禮。

搿次送礼起码货要送六百元礼。


死貨色

/ɕi³³ hu⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

/ɕi³³ hu⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

(offensive) to death; to be… enough to make someone die; an intensifying particle


滿塊

/mua⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/

/mua⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/


滿底塊

/mua⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹ ko²¹³/

/mua⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹ ko²¹³/


薄薄

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯³⁵ pɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯³⁵ pɑʊ̯³⁵/


咯樣

/ko²⁴ i̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/kai̯²⁴ i̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/kõ²⁴ i̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/ko²⁴ i̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/kai̯²⁴ i̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/kõ²⁴ i̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/


漸強

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siːm²² kʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siːm²² kʰœːŋ²¹/


嘩啦嘩啦

/ɦua²² la⁵⁵ ɦua³³ la²¹/

/ɦua²² la⁵⁵ ɦua³³ la²¹/

哗啦哗啦
哗啦哗啦
哇啦哇啦

(Wu) Speaking in a loud and quarrelsome manner


漸弱

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡siːm²² jœːk̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡siːm²² jœːk̚²/


吶亨

/naʔ²² hã³³/

/naʔ²² hã³³/


略事

/ly̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ly̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


圍內

/wɐi̯²¹ nɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ nɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

They are playing only with people within their group [of friends]!

keoi⁵ dei⁶ dou¹ hai⁶ wai⁴ noi⁶⁻² zi⁶ gei² waan² ze¹ maa³!

佢哋都係圍內自己玩啫嘛！

佢哋都系围内自己玩啫嘛！


豪𢜶

豪 + 𢜶, though a common folk etymology states that it is from Japanese 遅っ.

豪𢜶動身！

豪𢜶动身！


好冇

佢好冇公德心。

(Cantonese) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 好, 冇. extremely not


乃末

/ne²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na¹¹ məʔ⁵⁵/

/ne²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na¹¹ məʔ⁵⁵/

乃末完結！

乃末完结！


老老豆豆

/lou̯¹³ lou̯¹³ tɐu̯²² tɐu̯²²/

/lou̯¹³ lou̯¹³ tɐu̯²² tɐu̯²²/

老老竇竇 老老竇竇#Chinese

老老窦窦 老老窦窦#Chinese

(Cantonese) Alternative form of 老老竇竇／老老窦窦 (“truthfully; honestly”)


敢哪誌

(Philippine Hokkien) why; for what reason; how come


無淚

/u³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lɵy̯²²/

/u³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lɵy̯²²/


唔得

/m̩²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/m̩²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

AM730 識煮懷舊菜嘅師傅 嫁得過

zau⁶ ji⁵ gwan¹ coek³ hin¹ ge³ gu² faat³ baat³ bou² aap³ wai⁴ lai⁶, sin¹ jiu³ zoeng¹ cyun⁴ zek³ aap³ hei² gwat¹, hei² gwat¹ zung⁶ jiu³ dak⁶ bit⁶ siu² sam¹, aap³ pei⁴ jat¹ laan⁶, di¹ haam⁵ zau⁶ wui⁵ lau⁶, m⁴ dak¹ leng³ zai².

就以君綽軒嘅古法八寶鴨為例，先要將全隻鴨起骨，起骨仲要特別小心，鴨皮一爛，啲餡就會漏，唔得靚仔。

AM730 識煮懷舊菜嘅師傅 嫁得過

就以君绰轩嘅古法八宝鸭为例，先要将全只鸭起骨，起骨仲要特别小心，鸭皮一烂，啲馅就会漏，唔得靓仔。

(Cantonese, chiefly in the negative, followed by adjectives) not attain the quality of being


介計

/kai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛ²¹³/

/kai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛ²¹³/


極之

/kɪk̚² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/kɪk̚² t͡siː⁵⁵/


話咁快

/waː²² kɐm³³ faːi̯³³/

/waː²² kɐm³³ faːi̯³³/

1985, “童年 [tóngnián]”, in 黃霑 (lyrics), 海底針 [hǎidǐzhēn], performed by 蔡國權:

waa⁶ gam³ faai³ zau⁶ dou³ liu⁵ gam¹ tin¹, gau⁶ zan⁶ si⁴ ngo⁵ bin³ liu⁵ gam¹ tin¹ dik¹ ngo⁵

In the blink of an eye, we have arrived at the present; the me of the olden days became the me of the present

話咁快就到了今天 舊陣時我變了今天的我

话咁快就到了今天 旧阵时我变了今天的我


玩下手

/waːn²¹⁻³⁵ haː¹³ sɐu̯³⁵/

/waːn²¹⁻³⁵ haː¹³ sɐu̯³⁵/


坐底

/t͡sɔː²² tɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡sɔː²² tɐi̯³⁵/


只生

/t͡sĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ³³/

/t͡sĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ³³/


一頭……一頭……

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ jɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴ iɪʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴/

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ jɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴ iɪʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴/


橫豎橫

/ɦuã²² sz̩⁵⁵ ɦuã²¹/

/ɦuã²² zz̩⁵⁵ ɦuã²¹/

/ɦuã²² sz̩⁵⁵ ɦuã²¹/

/ɦuã²² zz̩⁵⁵ ɦuã²¹/

(Northern Wu) anyways; in any case; regardless


鬼食泥

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ sɪk̚² nɐi̯²¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ sɪk̚² nɐi̯²¹/

佢講嘢鬼食泥噉。

佢讲嘢鬼食泥噉。

(Cantonese) to have slurred speech; to be unable to speak clearly


卡啦卡啦

/kʰaː³³ laː⁵⁵ kʰaː³³ laː⁵⁵/

/kʰaː³³ laː⁵⁵ kʰaː³³ laː⁵⁵/


吊吊揈

吊吊捹
掉掉幌
條條揈
條條fing

/tiːu̯³³⁻²¹ tiːu̯³³⁻³⁵ fɪŋ²²/

/tʰiːu̯³³⁻²¹ tʰiːu̯³³⁻³⁵ fɪŋ²²/

/tiːu̯³³⁻²¹ tiːu̯³³⁻³⁵ fɪŋ²²/

/tʰiːu̯³³⁻²¹ tʰiːu̯³³⁻³⁵ fɪŋ²²/

(Cantonese, slang) describing the state of something hanging mid-air

Son, how can you always be so apathetic? You should really try to get a job!

aa³ zai², nei⁵ tai² nei⁵ seng⁴ jat⁶ tiu³⁻⁴ tiu³⁻² fing⁶ gam² fun², zing³ ging¹ wan² fan⁶ je⁵ zou⁶ laa¹!

阿仔，你睇你成日吊吊揈噉款，正經搵份嘢做啦！

阿仔，你睇你成日吊吊揈噉款，正经揾份嘢做啦！

Those guys are now bumming around streets, holding their baggages, and they don't even have a place to put...put down their suitcases.

2008, Henry Tang Ying-yen's answer about bankruptcy of Tatami Hampton Hotel at the Hong Kong Legislative Council

Go² baan¹ jau⁵⁻² ji⁴ gaa¹ diu³⁻⁴ diu³⁻² fing⁶ hai² gaai¹ dou⁶, zaa¹ zyu⁶ hang⁴ lei⁵, lin⁴ baai² go³ ...... baai² go³ gip¹ heoi³ bin¹ dou⁶ dou¹ mei⁶ jau⁵.

^嗰班友而家吊吊揈喺街度，揸住行李，連擺個……擺個篋去邊度都未有。

^嗰班友而家吊吊揈喺街度，揸住行李，连摆个……摆个箧去边度都未有。

(Cantonese, figurative, slang) sloppy; lazy; not settled; not assured


暗啞底

/ɐm³³ aː³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵/

/ɐm³³ aː³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵/


長川

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/


立亂

/lɐp̚² lyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/lɐp̚² lyːn²²⁻³⁵/

m⁴ hou² lap⁶ lyun⁶⁻² tung⁴ jan⁴ gong² nei⁵ zyu⁶ bin¹.

唔好立亂同人講你住邊。

唔好立乱同人讲你住边。

(Cantonese) arbitrarily; recklessly; casually


老老竇竇

/lou̯¹³ lou̯¹³ tɐu̯²² tɐu̯²²/

/lou̯¹³ lou̯¹³ tɐu̯²² tɐu̯²²/

Based on the orthographic similarity between 老實／老实 (lou⁵ sat⁶) and 老竇／老窦 (lou⁵ dau⁶), alternative form of 老豆 (lou⁵ dau⁶, “father”).

老老實實 老老實實#Chinese

老老实实 老老实实#Chinese

(Cantonese, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of 老老實實／老老实实 (“truthfully; honestly”).


多多聲

/tɔː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

The food he cooks is way more delicious than takeaway food.

keoi⁵ zyu² di¹ je⁵ sik⁶ hou² sik⁶ gwo³ ngoi⁶ maai⁶ do¹ do¹ seng¹.

佢煮啲嘢食好食過外賣多多聲。

佢煮啲嘢食好食过外卖多多声。

(Cantonese, used in subjective comparisons) a lot more


照計

/t͡siːu̯³³ kɐi̯³³/

/t͡siːu̯³³ kɐi̯³³/


草略

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ lœːk̚²/

/t͡sʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ liak̚⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ lœːk̚²/

/t͡sʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ liak̚⁴/

(literary) careless and crude; sloppy and rough


好少何

/hou̯³⁵ siːu̯³⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/hou̯³⁵ siːu̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/hou̯³⁵ siːu̯³⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/hou̯³⁵ siːu̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

1864, 李秀成, 李秀成自述:

zi⁶ sing⁴ zi¹ cing⁴ zi¹ si⁶, geoi⁶ (geoi¹) jat¹ cyun⁴ dang¹, siu² ho⁴ sat¹ lau⁶

自成知情之事，具（俱）一全登，少何失漏


後嚟

/hɐu̯²² lei̯²¹/

/hɐu̯²² lɐi̯²¹/

/hɐu̯²² lei̯²¹/

/hɐu̯²² lɐi̯²¹/


隨街

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵/


照直

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siːu̯³³ t͡sɪk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siːu̯³³ t͡sɪk̚²/


幾大

/kei̯³⁵ taːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kei̯³⁵ taːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

It's not everyday that we get to come to Canada. We've got to see the Falls no matter what.

gam³ naan⁴ dak¹ lai⁴ dou³ gaa¹ naa⁴ daai⁶, gei² daai⁶⁻² dou¹ jiu³ tai² haa⁵ buk⁶ bou³ ge³.

咁難得嚟到加拿大，幾大都要睇下瀑布嘅。

咁难得嚟到加拿大，几大都要睇下瀑布嘅。

(Cantonese, Pinghua, Liuzhou Mandarin) no matter what


褸尾

/lɐu̯⁵⁵ mei̯⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯⁵⁵ mei̯⁵⁵/


手快快

/sɐu̯³⁵ faːi̯³³ faːi̯³³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ faːi̯³³ faːi̯³³/

I was too hurried and pressed the wrong button.

手快快撳錯咗個掣。

手快快揿错咗个掣。

(Cantonese) too hurriedly, such that a mistake is made


好是

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

rhetorical question
rhetorical question#English

(formal) Forming rhetorical questions declaring that something is not the truth

豈是

forming rhetorical questions declaring that something is not the truth


定時定候

/tɪŋ²² siː²¹ tɪŋ²² hɐu̯²²/

/tɪŋ²² siː²¹ tɪŋ²² hɐu̯²²/

(Cantonese) regularly; on a regular basis; like clockwork


唔多

/m̩²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/m̩²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

佢份人唔多可靠。

keoi⁵ m⁴ do¹ zung¹ ji³ ceot¹ gaai¹ sik⁶ faan⁶.

佢唔多鍾意出街食飯。

佢唔多钟意出街食饭。

佢唔多出街食飯。

佢唔多出街食饭。


搵鬼

/wɐn³⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/wɐn³⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

This is such an undesirable job with high effort and low payoff. Nobody is doing it.

ni¹ gin⁶ zyu¹ tau⁴ gwat¹ wan² gwai² zou⁶ me¹?

呢件豬頭骨搵鬼做咩？

呢件猪头骨揾鬼做咩？


作時

/t͡soʔ⁴⁴ zz̩ʷ²³/

/t͡soʔ⁴⁴ zz̩ʷ²³/

天暗得來，作時要落雨。

天暗得来，作时要落雨。


索腳

/soʔ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɑʔ⁴⁴/

/soʔ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɑʔ⁴⁴/

It's already half past eight, might as well not go to work, and just get a sick leave.

³i-cin₁ ⁷poq-tie₃-poe₅-tse₁ ⁷soq-ciaq₇ ⁷feq-zaon₆ ¹pe ¹tshin ²bin₆-ka₅-meq₈ ⁵hau₃-tseq₇

已經八點半哉，索腳勿上班，請病假末好則。

已经八点半哉，索脚勿上班，请病假末好则。

(Suzhounese) might as well; simply; just


作啥

/t͡soʔ⁴³ sɑ⁵²³/

/t͡soʔ⁴³ sɑ⁵²³/

倷到上海去作啥？


將子

I just got this job, please look after me.

我將子參加工作，請多多關照。

我将子参加工作，请多多关照。


咯氣子

/kʰai̯²⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/kʰai̯²⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


木佬佬

/moʔ¹¹ lɔ²² lɔ²³/

/moʔ²² lɔ³⁴ lɔ¹¹³/

/moʔ¹¹ lɔ²² lɔ²³/

/moʔ²² lɔ³⁴ lɔ¹¹³/

木佬佬香

木佬佬好


格毛

/kəʔ⁵⁵ mɔ²¹/

/kəʔ⁵⁵ mɔ²¹/

格毛幾點鐘？

格毛几点钟？


嘸不

/m̩²² pəʔ⁴⁴/

/m̩²³ pəʔ¹¹/

/m̩²² pəʔ⁴⁴/

/m̩²³ pəʔ¹¹/


勒哈

/ləʔ²² hɑ³⁴/

/ləʔ²² hɑ³⁴/


勒哈

/ləʔ²² hɑ³⁴/

/ləʔ²² hɑ³⁴/

The girl is acting cute in front of the adults.

³shiau ²niu-ghe₃ ⁸leq-ha₁ ⁶do-zen₂ ⁶mien-jien₂ ¹chien-sy₁-paen₁-den₂

小女孩勒哈大人面前牽絲扳藤。

小女孩勒哈大人面前牵丝扳藤。

(when placed at the end of a sentence) Used to indicate the perfective aspect.


交交關關

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ³³ kue³³ kue²¹/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ³³ kue³³ kue²¹/


冇人有

/mou̯¹³ jɐn²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/mou̯¹³ jɐn²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

衰到冇人有


其先

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(literary) previously; in the past; before


真真

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sən²¹/


透尾

/tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ bue⁴¹/

/tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ bue⁴¹/

/tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) until the very end (usually referring to couples growing old together)


透暗

/tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ am¹¹/

/tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ am²¹/

/tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ am¹¹/

/tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ am²¹/


老虎蟹

ㄌㄠˇ ㄏㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄝˋ

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ fuː³⁵ haːi̯¹³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ fuː³⁵ haːi̯¹³/

老虎蟹都制


這幫仔

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ paŋ³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ paŋ³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

(Philippine Hokkien) recently; lately; of late


大剌剌

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹/


四四六六

/sei̯³³ sei̯³³ lʊk̚² lʊk̚²/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liʊk̚¹ liʊk̚¹/

/sei̯³³ sei̯³³ lʊk̚² lʊk̚²/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liʊk̚¹ liʊk̚¹/

四四六六拆掂佢

(Cantonese, colloquial) fairly; properly (in an agreement)


一口氣兒

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

(Mandarin) Erhua form of 一口氣／一口气 (yīkǒuqì).


逐級

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/


一輪嘴

yed¹ lên⁴⁻² zêu²

/jɐt̚⁵ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

(Cantonese, of speech) quick and without pausing


有常

/ɦiɤ²² zã⁴⁴/

/ɦiɤ²² zã⁴⁴/


有常時

/ɦiɤ²² zã⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/ɦiɤ²² zã⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/


來來去去

ㄌㄞˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄑㄩˋ ㄑㄩˋ

лайлайцюйцюй

/laɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/lɔːi̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ hɵy̯³³ hɵy̯³³/

/lai²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/lai¹³⁻²² lai¹³⁻²² kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/

/lai²³⁻³³ lai²³⁻³³ kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/

/laɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/lɔːi̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ hɵy̯³³ hɵy̯³³/

/lai²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/lai¹³⁻²² lai¹³⁻²² kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/

/lai²³⁻³³ lai²³⁻³³ kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/

(Cantonese) back and forth; over and over


廿四小時

/jaː²² sei̯³³ siːu̯³⁵ siː²¹/

/jaː²² sei̯³³ siːu̯³⁵ siː²¹/


跟手

/kən⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kən⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/


垃拉

/læʔ²² lɑ⁵³/

/læʔ²² lɑ⁵³/

拉 is an unchecked variant of 垃. For further etymology, see 垃.


垃海

le^去 he^去; la^去 he^去; lah^入 he^去; leh^入 he^去

/ləʔ¹¹ he²³/

/ləʔ²² he³³/

/lɐʔ²² he³⁵/

/ləʔ¹¹ he²³/

/ləʔ²² he³³/

/lɐʔ²² he³⁵/

在許
垃嗨
啦嗨
辣海
勒海
辣嗨
辣許
啦許
勒許
拉嗨
拉海
垃壗


垃海

/ləʔ¹¹ he²³/

/ləʔ²² he³³/

/lɐʔ²² he³⁵/

/ləʔ¹¹ he²³/

/ləʔ²² he³³/

/lɐʔ²² he³⁵/

在許
垃嗨
啦嗨
辣海
勒海
辣嗨
辣許
啦許
勒許
拉嗨
拉海
垃壗

儂垃海等啥人啊？

侬垃海等啥人啊？

You're a waste of air alive and waste of soil dead, me talking to you right now is a waste of time, now fuck off!

⁶non ⁸weq-laq₈-he₅-meq₈ ⁶laon-fi₅ ¹khon-chi₅ ⁵shi-theq₇-tsy₅-meq₀ ⁶laon-fi₅ ⁵thu-di₆ ⁶ngu ⁶ne ⁷taq-non₆ ¹ci₅-chi₅ ⁶gha-zy₆ ⁶laon-fi₅ ⁶zen-kuaon ⁶ghau-sau₅ ⁵kuen-khe₁

儂活垃海末浪費空氣，死脫仔末浪費土地，我乃搭儂見氣也是浪費辰光，豪𢜶滾開！

侬活垃海末浪费空气，死脱仔末浪费土地，我乃搭侬见气也是浪费辰光，豪𢜶滚开！

2010: Qian Nairong, 《從〈滬語便商〉所見的老上海話時態》 (Tenses and Aspects? Old Shanghainese as Found in the Book Huyu Bian Shang)

⁴ngu ³tsau-ve₆ ²we ²m-meq₈ ⁷chieq-laq₈-he₀

我早飯還嘸沒吃垃海。

我早饭还呒没吃垃海。


無情白事

/mou̯²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ paːk̚² siː²²/

/mou̯²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ paːk̚² siː²²/

(Cantonese) without cause or reason; for no reason at all


偶或

/ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/


得無

Zengzi…… said, “A moment ago Shen (referring to himself) offended Your Excellency (referring to his father), Your Excellency forcefully reprimanded Shen, are you not tired?

The School Sayings of Confucius, c. 206 BCE– 220 CE

Céngzǐ ⋯⋯ yuē: “Xiàng yě cān dézuì yú dàrén, dàrén yònglì jiào cān, déwú jí hū?”

曾子⋯⋯曰：「向也參得罪於大人，大人用力教參，得無疾乎？」

曾子⋯⋯曰：「向也参得罪于大人，大人用力教参，得无疾乎？」

1046 October 17, 范仲淹 [Fan Zhongyan], 岳陽樓記 [Memorial to Yueyang Tower]:


施施然

/i³⁵ i³⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/i³⁵ i³⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

(literary or Cantonese) calmly; slowly; relaxedly


施施

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

When I am free, I would stride slowly and wander around.

Qí xì yě, zé yíyí ér xíng, mànmàn ér yóu.

其隙也，則施施而行，漫漫而遊。

其隙也，则施施而行，漫漫而游。

In the meantime the husband, knowing nothing of all this, came in with a jaunty air, carrying himself proudly to his wife and concubine.

Ér liángrén wèi zhī zhī yě, yíyí cóng wài lái, jiāo qí qī qiè.

而良人未之知也，施施從外來，驕其妻妾。

而良人未之知也，施施从外来，骄其妻妾。


實則

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/sɐt̚² t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/sɐt̚² t͡sɐk̚⁵/

actually; as a matter of fact; in reality


捩手

/lɐi̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/lɐi̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

He received the present, and soon after that threw it away.

keoi⁵ sau¹ dou³⁻² fan⁶ lai⁵ mat⁶ zi¹ hau⁶ zau⁶ lai² sau² zau⁶ deu⁶ zo² keoi⁵.

佢收到份禮物之後就捩手就掉咗佢。

佢收到份礼物之后就捩手就掉咗佢。


嘔泡

/ɐu̯³⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/ɐu̯³⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

忙到嘔泡／忙到呕泡 [Cantonese] ― mong⁴ dou³ au² pou⁵ [Jyutping]


開巷

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɔːŋ²²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɔːŋ²²/

贏到開巷／赢到开巷 [Cantonese] ― jeng⁴ dou³ hoi¹ hong⁶ [Jyutping]

輸到開巷／输到开巷 [Cantonese] ― syu¹ dou³ hoi¹ hong⁶ [Jyutping]

爆到開巷／爆到开巷 [Cantonese] ― baau³ dou³ hoi¹ hong⁶ [Jyutping]


得閒無時

/tɐk̚⁵ haːn²¹ mou̯²¹ siː²¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ haːn²¹ mou̯²¹ siː²¹/

(Cantonese) occasionally; now and then; every so often


盲舂舂

/maːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/


計正

/kɐi̯³³ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/kɐi̯³³ t͡sɛːŋ³³/

/kɐi̯³³ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/kɐi̯³³ t͡sɛːŋ³³/


九秒九

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ miːu̯¹³ kɐu̯³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ miːu̯¹³ kɐu̯³⁵/


尤其是

/joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ kʰei̯²¹ siː²²/

/joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ kʰei̯²¹ siː²²/


話名

/waː²² mɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/waː²² mɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/


監生

/kaːm³³ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːm³³ saːŋ⁵⁵/

监生将佢打死 [Cantonese, simp.]
gaam³ saang¹ zoeng¹ keoi⁵ daa² sei² [Jyutping]


近嚟

/kɐn²² lɐi̯²¹/

/kɐn²² lɐi̯²¹/


咋咋臨

/t͡saː²¹ t͡saː²¹ lɐm²¹/

/t͡saː²¹ t͡saː²¹ lɐm²¹/


上近

/sœːŋ²² kɐn²²⁻³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɐn²²⁻³⁵/


吧吧聲

/paː²¹ paː²¹⁻³⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/paː²¹ paː²¹⁻³⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, onomatopoeia) describes the sound of rapidly flowing water


頂盡

/tɪŋ³⁵ t͡sɵn²²/

/tɪŋ³⁵ t͡sɵn²²/


到其時

/tou̯³³ kʰei̯²¹ siː²¹/

/tou̯³³ kʰei̯²¹ siː²¹/


唯獨是

/wɐi̯²¹ tʊk̚² siː²²/

/wɐi̯²¹ tʊk̚² siː²²/


唯獨係

/wɐi̯²¹ tʊk̚² hɐi̯²²/

/wɐi̯²¹ tʊk̚² hɐi̯²²/


無神神

/mou̯²¹ sɐn²¹ sɐn²¹/

/mou̯²¹ sɐn²¹ sɐn²¹/

(Cantonese) out of the blue; without warning; out of nowhere; for no reason


多少辰光

/tu⁵⁵ sɔ³³ zən²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/tu⁵⁵ sɔ³³ zən²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

How long does it take to get to Nanjing Road by metro?

⁷taq ⁶di-thiq ⁵tau ⁶noe-cin-lu ⁵iau ¹tu-sau ⁶zen-kuaon

搭地鐵到南京路要多少辰光？

搭地铁到南京路要多少辰光？


無情情

/mou̯²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/mou̯²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/


三扒兩撥

/saːm⁵⁵ pʰaː²¹ lœːŋ¹³ puːt̚²/

/saːm⁵⁵ pʰaː²¹ lœːŋ¹³ puːt̚²/


以防

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ fɔːŋ²¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/jiː¹³ fɔːŋ²¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/


下趟

/ɦo²³ tʰɑ̃³⁴/

/ɦo²² tʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ɦo²³ tʰɑ̃³⁴/

/ɦo²² tʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

(Shanghainese) in the future; from now on


無因

(literary) for no reason; without a reason


快將

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːi̯³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːi̯³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/


固然之

/kuː³³ jiːn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/kuː³³ jiːn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/


硬勁

/ŋã²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/ŋã²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

I've been telling him to elaborate things clearly, but he wouldn't do it no matter what.

我勸他來撥話語説説清楚，他硬勁不肯來。

我劝他来拨话语说说清楚，他硬劲不肯来。


要死

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

熱得來要死

热得来要死


真當

/t͡sen³³ tɑŋ³⁴/

/t͡sen³³ tɑŋ³⁴/

接個青年人真當不錯。

接个青年人真当不错。


反為

/faːn³⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/faːn³⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

(Cantonese) on the contrary; to the contrary; instead


價套

/kɑ³⁴ tʰɔ⁵³/

/kɑ³⁴ tʰɔ⁵³/

The wall needs to be built this tall, building it this tall is not enough.

牆頭砌得價套高還不夠，要砌得價套高才子夠。

墙头砌得价套高还不够，要砌得价套高才子够。


實價套

Don't... don't look at me this way, if a friend or you, professor, really need help, I will still put in all my effort to help! For real!

嫑、嫑看我實價套，如果朋友或者博士你當真需要幫忙格辰光，我還是會盡全力幫忙的！真當的！

嫑、嫑看我实价套，如果朋友或者博士你当真需要帮忙格辰光，我还是会尽全力帮忙的！真当的！


百面

(Taiwanese Hokkien) certainly; definitely; surely


都無

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² bo²⁴/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bo²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² bo²⁴/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bo²⁴/

伊都無來啊。

伊都无来啊。

(Quanzhou, Xiamen and Philippine Hokkien) didn't even; hadn't even; hasn't even; haven't even (indicating non-completion of a verb)


都無咧

/tɔ³³ bo²⁴⁻²² lə⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔ³³ bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔ³³ bo²⁴⁻²² lə⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔ³³ bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/

伊都無咧來咯。

伊都无咧来咯。

(Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) no longer even; not even


都咧

/tɔ³³ lə⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔ³³ le⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔ³³ lə⁵⁵⁴/

/tɔ³³ le⁵⁵⁴/

People are already even tired enough, yet you still want people to work overtime.

Lâng to͘-lé siǎn--lo͘, chiah koh kiò lâng khì ka-pan.

人都咧𤺪咯，才閣叫人去加班。

人都咧𤺪咯，才阁叫人去加班。

The room is already even limitedly small, and you just bought more furniture again, where would you place it?

Pâng-keng to͘-lé oe̍h sòe, lí koh bóe chiah--ni chōe ke-si lâi, beh khě lé tó-loh?

房間都咧狹細，汝閣買才呢濟家私來，欲下咧佗落？

房间都咧狭细，汝阁买才呢济家私来，欲下咧佗落？

(Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) already even


著無

/to(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³/

/to(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³/

伊著無來啊。

伊著无来啊。

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) didn't even; hadn't even; hasn't even; haven't even (indicating non-completion of a verb)


著咧

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ li⁵³/

Lâng to̍h-le̍h siān--lo͘, chiah koh kiò lâng khì ka-pan.

人著咧𤺪咯，才閣叫人去加班。

人著咧𤺪咯，才阁叫人去加班。

Pâng-keng to̍h-le̍h oe̍h sòe, lí koh bóe chiah--ni chōe ke-si lâi, beh khē-le̍h tó-lo̍h?

房間著咧狹細，汝閣買才呢濟家私來，欲下咧佗落？

房间著咧狭细，汝阁买才呢济家私来，欲下咧佗落？

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) already even


著無咧

/to(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/tio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³⁻²² li⁵³/

/to(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/tio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³⁻²² li⁵³/

I'm not even paralyzed, so why do you need to hold me.

Góa to̍h-bô-le̍h piàn-sūi, sái lí lâi khan.

我著無咧半遂，使汝來牽。

我著无咧半遂，使汝来牵。

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) not even; no longer even


也無咧

/ia²²⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/a²²⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/a²² bo²⁴⁻²² lə⁵⁵⁴/

/a²²⁻²¹ bo¹³⁻²² li⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²² bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/

/ia³³⁻²² bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/

/ia²²⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/a²²⁻²¹ bo²⁴⁻²² leʔ⁴/

/a²² bo²⁴⁻²² lə⁵⁵⁴/

/a²²⁻²¹ bo¹³⁻²² li⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²² bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/

/ia³³⁻²² bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/

Lí m̄-bián hû góa, góa iā-bô-le̍h khê kha--la.

汝毋免扶我，我也無咧瘸跤啦。

汝毋免扶我，我也无咧瘸跤啦。

I no longer even owe you anything, right?

Chiah m̄ hō͘ lí, kiaⁿ lí mih-tāi, iā-bô-le̍h khiàm lí.

遮毋予汝，驚汝物代，也無咧欠汝。

遮毋予汝，惊汝物代，也无咧欠汝。


大條道理

/taːi̯²² tʰiːu̯²¹ tou̯²² lei̯¹³/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːu̯²¹ tou̯²² lei̯¹³/

(Cantonese) justifiably; legitimately; with good reason


跇帶

/tʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²¹³/

/tʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²¹³/

While you're buying fish, buy a swimming crab too.

汝去買魚，跇帶買一頭蟳來。

汝去买鱼，跇带买一头𫊻来。

(Eastern Min) incidentally; conveniently; in passing


一絲絲仔

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² si⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² si⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ si⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² si³³ si³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² si⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² si⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² si⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ si⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² si³³ si³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² si⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

(Hokkien) a little; a bit; a little bit; slightly

GT: General Taiwan (no particular region identified)


鬼咁

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ kɐm³³/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ kɐm³³/

(Cantonese, mildly vulgar) as hell; extremely


咁鬼

/kɐm³³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/kɐm³³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

(Cantonese, mildly vulgar) so; extremely


多兩錢重

/tɔː⁵⁵ lœːŋ¹³ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ¹³/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lœːŋ¹³ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ¹³/

衰多兩錢重／衰多两钱重 [Cantonese] ― seoi¹ do¹ loeng⁵ cin⁴ cung⁵ [Jyutping] ― to become even worse


儕部

Variant of 全部 influenced by 儕／侪.
Equivalent to irregular colloquial reading of 全部.

(Northern Wu, sometimes proscribed) all; entirely; completely; fully; totally


仲加

/t͡sʊŋ²² kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ²² kaː⁵⁵/


any肥

/ɛːn⁵⁵ niː²¹ fei̯²¹/

/ɛːn⁵⁵ niː²¹ fei̯²¹/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, neologism) anyway (used to indicate a change of subject)


慢叫

/me²² ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/me²² ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

Even if there was just exactly two, your uncle wouldn't be able to fight the two hooligans back. Your uncle here is no monk boy from the Shaolin temple, remember; the hooligans might well manage to eventually beat your uncle up instead.

2017, 胡寶談 [Hu Baotan],上海人門檻 [The Shanghainese Way of Passing]

⁶zhieu ⁵soe ¹tsen-tsen-hau ⁶lian-gheq ⁶ya-soq ⁶gha ⁵tan-aq-fi ⁶veq₈-ku-gheq ⁶ya-soq ⁶yeu ⁶veq₈-zy ⁵sau-lin-zy ⁵shiau-wu-zaon-lau ⁶me--ciau ⁷aq-fi ⁵tan ⁶ya-soq ⁵tau ⁶yeu ⁶ven-le

就算正正好兩個，爺叔也打阿飛勿過個，爺叔又勿是少林寺小和尚咾，慢叫阿飛打爺叔倒有份唻。

就算正正好两个，爷叔也打阿飞勿过个，爷叔又勿是少林寺小和尚咾，慢叫阿飞打爷叔倒有份𫪁。


慢慢叫

/me²² me⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/me²² me⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

Go out soon when you finish getting dressed.

⁶non ⁶me-me-ciau ¹tshoe-hau ¹i-zaon ⁵hau ⁷tsheq-chi-leq-au

儂慢慢叫穿好衣裳好出去了噢。

侬慢慢叫穿好衣裳好出去了噢。

Thank me later, there's more. We have yet to go to Wan's father's house for this talk.

1957, https://youtu.be/89Vtmjapx8A?si=By7GdA4kol0fWNx9&t=3512羅漢錢 "The Coin of Arhat", said by 邢月莉 (Xing Yueli) as character 馬燕燕 (Ma Yanyan)

⁶zhia ⁶me-me-ciau ⁶we-yeu-leq ⁵shiau-ue-gheq ¹tia-tia-men-zhi ¹e ⁶m-meq ⁵chi ⁵kaon-ku-leq-ia

謝慢慢叫，還有了，小晚個爹爹門前還嘸沒去講過了呀。

谢慢慢叫，还有了，小晚个爹爹门前还呒没去讲过了呀。


假假地

ga² ga² déi⁶⁻²

/kaː³⁵ kaː³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kaː³⁵ kaː³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese) even if it were not that great; at least


相當之

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


貼底

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ te⁴¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ te⁵³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ te⁴¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ te⁵³/

輸甲貼底／输甲贴底 [Hokkien] ― su kah tah-té [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to lose to the finish

(Southern Min) until the end; to the finish


本嚟

/puːn³⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/puːn³⁵ lɐi̯²¹/


抑會使

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ sai⁵³/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ sai⁵³/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ sai⁵³/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ sai⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, used in rhetorical questions) how; how to; how could


抑通

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ haŋ⁴⁴/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ haŋ⁴⁴/


抑著

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tiɤʔ⁴/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tiɤʔ⁴/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

(Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) what need is there to; why does one need to


抑無

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bo²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bo²⁴/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ bɤ²³/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ bo²⁴/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bo¹³/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bo²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bo²⁴/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ bɤ²³/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ bo²⁴/


連勢

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛ²¹³/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛ²¹³/

While you're at it, please buy me a book.

Chiāng nṳ̄ lièng-sié ké̤ṳk-nguāi mā̤ siŏh-buōng-*cṳ̆. / [t͡sʰiaŋ³³ nˡy³³ l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛ²¹³ kʰyʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋuai³³ mɛ³³ suoʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βuoŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sy⁵⁵]

請汝連勢乞我買蜀本書。

请汝连势乞我买蜀本书。


甲會

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²²/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²²/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) how will; how will it be likely to


甲使

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) what need is there to; why does one need to


無夠

/bo²⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/bo¹³⁻²² kau²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/bo¹³⁻²² kau²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

There are not enough people in their unit, so the work cannot be completed.

In hit-ê tan-ūi ê lâng bô-kàu, khang-khòe chiah ē chò bē liáu.

𪜶彼个單位的人無夠，工課才會做袂了。

𪜶彼个单位的人无够，工课才会做袂了。


較垂

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sue¹³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sue¹³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) with the end of the scale sagging while weighing, indicating that the amount is lacking as shown by the marked gradations (said after the measurement)


只勿

/t͡səʔ³³ vəʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ³³ vəʔ⁴⁴/

(Shanghainese, rhetorical question) Indicates a rhetorical question: surely it doesn't mean that...; is it possible that...


無拄好

/bo²⁴⁻²² tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² tu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho⁵⁵⁴/

/bo¹³⁻²² tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ tu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ⁴¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² tu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho⁵⁵⁴/

/bo¹³⁻²² tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ tu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ⁴¹/

as luck would have it
as luck would have it

(Southern Min) as luck would have it; unfortunately; too bad


𣍐拄好

/bue²²⁻²¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bue²² tu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho⁵⁵⁴/

/be²²⁻²¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bue²²⁻²¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

/bue²² tu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho⁵⁵⁴/

/be²²⁻²¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho⁵³/

(Southern Min) carelessly; inattentively


一天到夜

/iɪʔ³³ tʰi⁵⁵ tɔ³³ ɦia²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ tʰi⁵⁵ tɔ³³ ɦia²¹/


一日到夜

/iɪʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁵⁵ tɔ³³ ɦia²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁵⁵ tɔ³³ ɦia²¹/


搭搭

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ taʔ³²/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ taʔ³²/

食甲搭搭 [Hokkien] ― chia̍h kah tah-tah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to eat in a clean or neat way

(Southern Min) in a clean or neat way; in a thorough manner


驟觀

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

1900 July 24, 梁啟超 [Liang Qichao], chapter 36, in 和文漢讀法 [The Chinese Method of Reading Japanese], Tokyo: 秀英舍, page 21:

I shall attempt to give an example: when the text says “此レノミナラズナリ”, at a glance it feels quite hard to read, but since we know ノミ means “only”, ナラズ means “not”, and ナリ means “is”, then it is apparent that its meaning is “it is not only this”.

Shì jǔ qí lì, qí wén yuē “kore nominarazu nari”, zhòuguān jiào shèn nán dú, rán jì zhī “nomi” zhī wèi “jǐn”, yòu zhī “narazu” zhī wèi “bù”, yòu zhī “nari” zhī wèi “yě”, zé yīwàng'érzhī qí yǔyì wèi “bùdú cǐ yě”.

試擧其例，其文曰「此レノミナラズナリ」，驟觀覺甚難讀，然既知「ノミ」之為「僅」，又知「ナラズ」之為「不」，又知「ナリ」之為「也」，則一望而知其語意為「不獨此也」。

试举其例，其文曰「此レノミナラズナリ」，骤观觉甚难读，然既知「ノミ」之为「仅」，又知「ナラズ」之为「不」，又知「ナリ」之为「也」，则一望而知其语意为「不独此也」。


抑使

(Taiwanese Hokkien) what need is there to; why does one need to


較講

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/

One would be close to one's own son no matter what

khah-kóng mā tio̍h ka-kī ê kiáⁿ khah chhin

較講嘛著家己的囝較親

较讲嘛著家己的囝较亲

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) no matter what; regardless of whatever (usually used with 嘛 (mā))


較說

(Quanzhou Hokkien) no matter what; regardless of whatever (usually used with 嘛 (mǎ))


較去

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/

(Southern Min) a bit further (in distance)


較加

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ke⁴⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke³³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɛ⁴⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ke⁴⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke³³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɛ⁴⁴/

伊三十較加。

伊三十较加。

(Southern Min, especially after numbers) more; a bit more than


擺到明

/paːi̯³⁵ tou̯³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/paːi̯³⁵ tou̯³³ mɪŋ²¹/


由始至終

ㄧㄡˊ ㄕˇ ㄓˋ ㄓㄨㄥ

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡siː³³ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡siː³³ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/


當頭對面

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/

/tŋ̍³³ tʰau²⁴⁻²² tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ tui¹¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ tui²¹⁻⁴¹ bin³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/

/tŋ̍³³ tʰau²⁴⁻²² tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³⁻²² tui²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ tui¹¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ tui²¹⁻⁴¹ bin³³/

(Southern Min) to somebody's face; in somebody's presence; face to face


當眾人面

/tŋ̍³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴⁻²² bin⁴¹/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴⁻²² bin²²/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³⁻²² bin²²/

/tŋ̍³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴⁻²² bin⁴¹/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴⁻²² bin²²/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³⁻²² bin²²/


當原初

/tŋ̍³³ ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍³³ ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) originally; formerly; at first


轉目

/tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/

/tuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚¹²¹/

/tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/

/tuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚¹²¹/

一转目 [Hokkien, simp.]
chi̍t tńg-ba̍k [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

in the blink of an eye
in the blink of an eye

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) in a flash; in the blink of an eye


今才

/tã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siaʔ³²/

/tã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siaʔ³²/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago


目𥍉仔

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² nĩ(ʔ)⁵ a⁵⁵⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² nĩ(ʔ)⁵ a⁵⁵⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

(Hokkien) in a flash; in the twinkling of an eye


隨喜

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ hei̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ hei̯³⁵/


如約

as agreed upon; according to the arrangement (with someone)


……東……西

看東看西

看东看西

揣東揣西

揣东揣西

食東食西

食东食西

to do something here and there; to be busy with

創東創西

创东创西

講東講西

讲东讲西

說東說西

说东说西

罵東罵西

骂东骂西

to run all over the place; to run around

走東走西

走东走西

to walk all over the place; to wander about

行東行西

行东行西

to jump all over the place; to skip; to hop

跳東跳西

跳东跳西

(Hokkien) in various places or directions; here and there; all over the place; this way or that way


代先

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/


唔見得

/m̩²¹ kiːn³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/m̩²¹ kiːn³³ tɐk̚⁵/

(Cantonese) not necessarily; unlikely to


惡得

/o(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tit̚³²/

/o(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tit̚³²/


博濟

/po(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡se²²/

/po(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡se²²/


博定

/po(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiã²²/

/po(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiã²²/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) possibly; perhaps; maybe


話咾

Likely a semantic development from the literal quotative usages of the compound.
Compare urban Shanghainese 伊講／伊讲.

But her face just kind of toughened and she was like smell ya later then

1995, 傅子明 (lyricist and singer), 做人難 ("Hard to be Alive")

⁶yi ⁶gho-lau ⁶mi-khon ⁷iq-pe ⁷teq-ngu ⁵e-shiq-we

伊話咾面孔一板搭我哀歇會

伊话咾面孔一板搭我哀歇会

They say now apparently it's the right season to hit

2023, 我愛你——上海浦東蟹 ("I Love you — from a Pudong Shanghainese Crab")

搿拉話時季到拉哉，話咾

搿拉话时季到拉哉，话咾

though; apparently; unexpectedly (used to indicate that the reported fact is one differing from the speaker's opinions or expectations)


有時節

(Southern Sixian Hakka) sometimes; occasionally; now and then


耐不耐

/nɔːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ nɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ nɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese) occasionally; now and then; every so often; sometimes


久時久

/kɐu̯³⁵ siː²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ siː²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

(Cantonese) from time to time; now and then


耐時

/nɔːi̯²² siː²¹⁻³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² siː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Guangzhou Cantonese) occasionally; now and then; every so often; sometimes


有時間

/iu²¹³⁻²¹ sz̩¹ kan⁴²/

/iu²¹³⁻²¹ sz̩¹ kan⁴²/


耐耐

/nɔːi̯²² nɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² nɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, Southern Pinghua) occasionally; now and then; every so often; sometimes


拄著仔

(Tainan Hokkien) sometimes; occasionally; now and then


耐中

/nɔːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/


有辰光

/ɦiɤ²² zən⁵⁵ kuɑ̃²¹/

/ɦiɤ²² zən⁵⁵ kuɑ̃²¹/


魚貫

/y³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹/

/y³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹/


長世

(Leizhou Min) often; regularly; frequently


長常

/tɔ²² siaŋ²²/

/tɔ²² siaŋ²²/


當奉囝

/tɔŋ³⁵⁻³³ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ kia³¹/

/tɔŋ³⁵⁻³³ hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ kia³¹/

(Leizhou Min) just; just now; a moment ago


遮爾仔

遮尔仔
即爾仔
則尼仔
者爾仔
遮呢仔
這呢仔

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ nĩ³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ nĩ³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ³³ a⁵³/


喝一下

/hua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e²²/

/hua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e²²/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) all of a sudden; all at once


煞著

煞着
紲著:sòa
續著:sòa

/sua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tioʔ¹²¹/

/sua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tioʔ²⁴/

/sua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tioʔ¹²¹/

/sua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tioʔ²⁴/

(Hokkien) what need is there to; why does one need to


遮久仔

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) these days


ㄍㄧㄣ

Likely due to nondifferentiation between -n and -ng in many Taiwanese Mandarin speakers.


勿大

/vəʔ²² da⁴⁴/

/vəʔ³³ da⁴⁴/

/fəʔ⁵⁵ dɑ⁵²³/

/vəʔ²² da⁴⁴/

/vəʔ³³ da⁴⁴/

/fəʔ⁵⁵ dɑ⁵²³/

勿大歡喜

勿大欢喜

該人勿大響個。

该人勿大响个。

Oh! So you eat it often? I don't eat it much these days.

2020, ニューエクスピレンスプラス 上海語, p. 114

¹au ⁶non ⁶zan-zan ⁷chiq-vaq／⁶ngu ⁶yi-ze ⁶veq₈-da ⁷chiq-leq

哦！儂常常吃𠲎？／我現在勿大吃了。

2020, ニューエクスピレンスプラス 上海語, p. 114

哦！侬常常吃𠲎？／我现在勿大吃了。

(Northern Wu) not much; not really; not very


隔轉工

/ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) the next day; the following day


較加嘛著

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²⁻²¹ tioʔ⁴/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke³³ mã²² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²⁻²¹ tioʔ⁴/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke³³ mã²² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

If you don't go make a living, you'll certainly go hungry.

毋去討趁，較加嘛著枵。

毋去讨趁，较加嘛著枵。

(Hokkien) naturally; surely; definitely; certainly (will result to something as a natural result)


較加嘛

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ mã³³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ mã³³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke³³ mã²²/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ mã³³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ mã³³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ke⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke³³ mã²²/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² mã²²/

毋去討趁，較加嘛枵。

毋去讨趁，较加嘛枵。


累日

/leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/


只久

/t͡si³³⁻³⁵ ku³³/

/t͡si³³⁻³⁵ ku³³/


黐黐

/tʰi(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰiʔ⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰiʔ⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰiʔ⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰiʔ⁴/

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) stammering; stuttering


頭䟙䟙

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiʔ³²/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiʔ³²/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰiʔ³²/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiʔ³²/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiʔ³²/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰiʔ³²/


暢懷

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/

to one's heart's content
to one's heart's content

as much as one likes; to one's heart's content


嘀厾

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tauʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tauʔ³²/

戇嘀厾／戆嘀厾 [Hokkien] ― gōng tih-tuh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― stupid; foolish

(Xiamen Hokkien) used to indicate stupidity


更加之

/kɐŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/kɐŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


一塌括子

/iɪʔ⁴⁴ tʰaʔ⁴⁴ kʰuaʔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²²/

/iɪʔ⁴⁴ tʰaʔ⁴⁴ kʰuaʔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²²/


就按呢

/t͡siu²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡siu²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴⁻²² nɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡siu³³⁻¹¹ an⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡siu³³⁻²¹ an⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ an⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡siu²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡siu²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴⁻²² nɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡siu³³⁻¹¹ an⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡siu³³⁻²¹ an⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ an⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nẽ⁴⁴/


漉漉漉

/lɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚⁵/

/lɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚³²/

/lɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚⁵/

/lɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚³²/

(Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) in bad shape; awful; terrible (greater in intensity than 漉漉 (lok-lok))


逐冬

/tak̚⁴⁻³² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² taŋ⁴⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) every year; yearly

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) every semester


太過於

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ y³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kʷɔː³³ jyː⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ y³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kʷɔː³³ jyː⁵⁵/


死口

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

死口唔認／死口唔认 [Cantonese] ― sei² hau² m⁴ jing⁶ [Jyutping] ― to firmly deny

2019, 紙情, 《有些愛 錯過了就回不去》, Hong Kong: 孤泣工作室, →ISBN, page 69:

In the end, if he clearly likes you but refuses to admit it, making it so that you two can't progress, one possibility is that he is too afraid to take the next step, in which case you must be more proactive; […]

zeoi³ hau⁶ jyu⁴ gwo² keoi⁵ ming⁴ ming⁴ hai⁶ zung¹ ji³ nei⁵ daan⁶ jau⁶ sei² hau² dou¹ m⁴ jing⁶, gaau² dou³ nei⁵ dei⁶ hoi¹ ci² m⁴ dou³⁻², jat¹ hai⁶ keoi⁵ zau⁶ m⁴ gau³ daam² haang⁴ ceot¹ go² jat¹ bou⁶, gam² nei⁵ zau⁶ zyu² dung⁶ di¹ laa¹; […]

最後如果佢明明係鍾意你但又死口都唔認，搞到你哋開始唔到，一係佢就唔夠膽行出嗰一步，咁你就主動啲啦；[…]

最后如果佢明明系钟意你但又死口都唔认，搞到你哋开始唔到，一系佢就唔够胆行出嗰一步，咁你就主动啲啦；[…]

2019, 盧保湘, 盧雪鄉, 《義烈孤雄：臨危授命、殿後抗共、寧死不降的最後國軍將領盧英龍》, Taipei: 金剛出版, →ISBN, page 128:

Only Xie Cangsheng and Mr. Chan refused to speak and were unwilling to cooperate.

Zhǐyǒu Xiè Cāngshēng hé Chén xiānsheng sǐkǒu bù shuōhuà, bùkěn hézuò.

只有謝蒼生和陳先生死口不說話，不肯合作。

只有谢苍生和陈先生死口不说话，不肯合作。

2021, 草川, 《排排坐，談談靈，說因果。》, Taipei: 萬卷樓圖書股份有限公司, →ISBN, page 128:

bun² jan⁴ kaau³ bin¹ sou¹ lyun⁴ fo¹ hok⁶ gaa¹, zing³ geoi³ kok³ zok⁶, seoi³ pin³⁻² saa¹ lap¹ keoi¹ cyun⁴, daan⁶ han² kei⁴ gwaai³ sai¹ fong¹ dik¹ fo¹ hok⁶ gaa¹, sei² hau² ngaau⁵ sat⁶ ling⁶ jat¹ se¹ syut³ bat¹ fuk⁶ jan⁴ lei⁵ jau⁴, seoi¹ gwo³ zing² tin¹ syut³ fong¹ waa⁶ dik¹ mei⁵ gwok³ taai³ hung¹ zung² cyu⁵ (NASA).

本人靠邊蘇聯科學家，證據確鑿，碎片砂粒俱全，但很奇怪西方的科學家，死口咬實另一些說不服人理由，衰過整天說謊話的美國太空總署（NASA）。

本人靠边苏联科学家，证据确凿，碎片砂粒俱全，但很奇怪西方的科学家，死口咬实另一些说不服人理由，衰过整天说谎话的美国太空总署（NASA）。

insistently with one's words; stubbornly; firmly


𬦰上天

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

歹甲𬦰上天

(Hokkien) extremely; exceedingly; terribly


欲好

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ho⁵³/

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ho⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) had better; it would be best (to do something)


欲汰

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, used in rhetorical questions) how could (one possibly); how is (it possible)


欲汰討

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰo⁵³/

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰo⁵³/


欲死

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ si⁴¹/

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ si⁵³/

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ si⁴¹/

/be(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ si⁵³/

(Hokkien, exaggerative) Used as a verbal or adjectival complement emphasizing the severity of an action or a state.

(Hokkien, rhetorical) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate something as useless.: of what use


力更

/liau⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ²¹³/

/liau⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ²¹³/


並唔

/pɪŋ²² m̩²¹/

/pɪŋ²² m̩²¹/


澈澈

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰeʔ³²/

/tʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tʰeʔ³²/

食澈澈

用澈澈

(Hokkien) completely; entirely; all finished


竟然間

/kɪŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

1965, 李晨風, 李兆熊, directed by 李晨風, 《八個兇手》 [Eight Murderers], 容小意 [Siu-Yi Yung] (actor):

keoi⁵ wai⁶ zo² gou¹ paan¹ keoi⁵, keoi⁵ jau⁶ fong¹ zyu⁶ ngo⁵ dei⁶ loeng⁵ mou⁵ neoi⁵⁻² wui⁵ jing² hoeng² keoi⁵ go³ fan¹ si⁶, keoi⁵ ging² jin⁴ gaan¹ maai⁵ zo² go³ hung¹ sau² lai⁴ saat³ ngo⁵ dei⁶ mit⁶ hau² tim¹.

佢為咗高攀佢，佢又慌住我哋兩母女會影響佢個婚事，佢竟然間買咗個兇手嚟殺我哋滅口𠻹。

佢为咗高攀佢，佢又慌住我哋两母女会影响佢个婚事，佢竟然间买咗个凶手嚟杀我哋灭口𠻹。

(Cantonese) unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly


極其量

/kɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹ lœːŋ²²/

/kɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹ lœːŋ²²/


此在

/t͡sʰɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sai³⁵/

/t͡sʰɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sai³⁵/


毋故

2001, 陳寧貴, 共下坐車介緣份

m̀-ku ên-têu ke sîm-lìn he siông-thûng ke

毋故我兜介心靈係相通介

2001, 陳寧貴, 共下坐車介緣份

毋故我兜介心灵系相通介


為什物

为什物
為甚物/爲甚物/为甚物
為甚乜
為甚麼/為什麼/为什么
為是乜

/ui²²⁻²¹ sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ sim²²⁻²¹ mĩʔ⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/ui²²⁻²¹ sim²²⁻²¹ mĩʔ⁴/


一步仔

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² pɔ⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² pɔ⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

(Jinjiang Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一目𥍉仔久

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一目摔螺

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² bak̚²⁴⁻² sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ lə²⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² bak̚²⁴⁻² sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ lə²⁴/

(Quanzhou Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一輒仔久

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiap̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² tiap̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiap̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² tiap̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一下囝

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

(Yongchun Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一輒久仔

/t͡sit̚⁵³⁻¹ tiap̚³²⁻⁴² ku³¹⁻²⁴ a³¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵³⁻¹ tiap̚³²⁻⁴² ku³¹⁻²⁴ a³¹/

(Tong'an Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一刻仔

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一米仔久

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/


一陣囝

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sun²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sun²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/


目𥍉仔久

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/


一仔久

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² ka⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² ka⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku⁵⁵⁴/

(Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Philippine Hokkien) a little while; a moment


一絲仔久

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² si³³ a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻²¹ sia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² si³³ a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻²¹ sia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

(Quanzhou and Yongchun Hokkien) a little while; a moment


做汝

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

做汝講

做汝讲

eat what you want; eat as you wish; eat at your own pace

做汝食

do/perform/make what you want; do/perform/make it as you like; do/perform/make it at your own pace

做汝創

做汝创

做汝去

come as you like; come when you're ready; come where you want to come from

做汝來

做汝来

watch as you like; watch when you're ready; watch at your own pace; watch what you want

做汝看

walk as you like; walk at your own pace; walk where you want

做汝行

(Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) at your convenience; at your discretion; as you wish; as you like


少不免

ㄕㄠˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ

/ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ miːn¹³/

/ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ miːn¹³/


滿處

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/muːn¹³ t͡sʰyː³³/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/muːn¹³ t͡sʰyː³³/


慢慢仔是

/ban²²⁻²¹ ban²²⁻²¹ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ ban³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ ban³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² ban⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ ban²²⁻²¹ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ ban³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ ban³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² ban⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/


勻仔是

/un²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/un²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/un²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/un²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/un²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/un²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/


寬寬仔是

/kʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/kʰuan³³ kʰuan³³ a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

/kʰuã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰuã⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/kʰuan³³ kʰuan³³ a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

/kʰuã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰuã⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰuã⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/


已竟

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

二十四年 (1935), “槍斃老媽”, in 評戲大觀第七集, page 三七:

你出的計策我已竟照辦

你出的计策我已竟照办

c. 1980s – 1992, 单田芳, 16:24 from the start, in 三侠五义（评书）, 180 episodes edition, episode 19:

Bāodarén huídá le jǐ jù, zuìhòu shuō: “Chén yǐjìng xiū hǎo běnzhāng, xiángxì di jīngguò dōu xiě de hěn qīngchu, qǐng zhǔgōng lóngmù yùlǎn.”

包大人回答了几句，最后说：“臣已竟修好本章，详细的经过都写得很清楚，请主公龙目御览。”

包大人回答了幾句，最後說：“臣已竟修好本章，詳細的經過都寫得很清楚，請主公龍目御覽。”

Wànsuìyé shì yī guó zhī jūn, wàn rén zhī shàng, shéi jiàn le tā bù shì sān guì jiǔ kòu? Qítā niángniang dōu shǐ chū húnshēn de gōngfu lái tǎohǎo huángshang, huángshang yǐjìng xíguan le zhèi yī tào.

萬歲爺是一國之君，萬人之上，誰見了他不是三跪九叩？其他娘娘都使出混身的功夫來討好皇上，皇上已經習慣了這一套。

万岁爷是一国之君，万人之上，谁见了他不是三跪九叩？其他娘娘都使出混身的功夫来讨好皇上，皇上已经习惯了这一套。

九十三年 (2004), 蔡雪鵬, “不起訴、緩起訴，法律效果各不同”, in 清流月刊, number 7:

Bùguò, bǐqǐ jiǎncháguān yuányǒu zhíquán bù qǐsù de fànwéi, yǐjìng kuòdà duō le, bìjìng fàn zhòng zuì de rén zhǐ shì xiǎo shù.

不過，比起檢察官原有職權不起訴的範圍，已竟擴大多了，畢竟犯重罪的人只是小數。

不过，比起检察官原有职权不起诉的范围，已竟扩大多了，毕竟犯重罪的人只是小数。


向西

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ³³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ³³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/


向東

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ⁵⁵ tuŋ²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ⁵⁵ tuŋ²⁴/


向南

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/hœːŋ³³ naːm²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/ŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/hœːŋ³³ naːm²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/ŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/


向外

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ ŋɔːi̯²²/

/hi̯oŋ⁵⁵ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡua²²/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡua⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡua²²/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡua³³/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡua³³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ ŋɔːi̯²²/

/hi̯oŋ⁵⁵ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡua²²/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡua⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡua²²/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡua³³/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡua³³/


向內

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ nɔːi̯²²/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ nɔːi̯²²/


向下

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ haː²²/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ha⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ha³³/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ha³³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ haː²²/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ha⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ha³³/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ha³³/


向北

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ³³ pɐk̚⁵/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pak̚⁵/

/ŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pak̚⁵/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ pak̚³²/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ³³ pɐk̚⁵/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pak̚⁵/

/ŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pak̚⁵/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ pak̚³²/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pak̚³²/

/ŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ pak̚³²/


做啥

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂä³⁵/

/t͡so³⁴ sɑ⁵³/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂä³⁵/

/t͡so³⁴ sɑ⁵³/

Compare Cantonese 做乜嘢 (zou⁶ mat¹ je⁵) or Mandarin 幹嘛／干嘛 (gànmá).

伊做啥要尋我？

伊做啥要寻我？

儂垃垃做啥？

侬垃垃做啥？

儂做啥啦？

侬做啥啦？


將無

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵/

Could the Śramaṇa Gautama have been that kshatriya king? Or was he the great Brahmin minister?

Shāmén Qútán jiāngwú shì bǐ chàlì wáng yē? Huòshì bǐ póluómén dàchén yē?

沙門瞿曇將無是彼剎利王耶？或是彼婆羅門大臣耶？

沙门瞿昙将无是彼刹利王耶？或是彼婆罗门大臣耶？


復次

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

復次，佛子！

复次，佛子！


促尾

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ bue⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bue⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ bue⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bue⁵³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) finally; in the end; ultimately


斡頭

/uat̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/uat̚⁵³⁻¹ tʰau²⁴/

/uat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/uat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/uat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/uat̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/uat̚⁵³⁻¹ tʰau²⁴/

/uat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/uat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/uat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/


先起頭

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³³ dɤ²¹/

/sɪ⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴ døy/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³³ dɤ²¹/

/sɪ⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴ døy/

(Northern Wu) at first; initially; in the beginning; originally; at the outset

edit
一插手兒／一插手儿

本则来 (5pen-tseq-le)本底本底子 (5pen-ti-tsy)本成本然本生 (5pen-san)當初


設汰仔

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ tʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/sa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ tʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/sa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/


設汰

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ tʰai⁵³/

/siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lai⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lɛ⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ tʰai⁵³/

/siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lai⁵³/

/siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ lɛ⁵³/


大勤共

/du²² d͡ʑin⁵⁵ ɡoŋ²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑin⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑin⁵⁵ ɡoŋ²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑin⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

Unclear; potentially Onomatopoeic. Compare 共 (²gon, onomatopoeia for thunder) and 興令轟隆／兴令轰隆.

(Shanghainese, often disapproving) going all out; ostentatiously; in a grand manner


枉為

/uɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

/uɒ̃⁵³ βe³¹/

/uɔ̃⁵⁵ ɦuɐɪ³³/

/uɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦue²¹/

/uɒ̃⁵³ βe³¹/

/uɔ̃⁵⁵ ɦuɐɪ³³/

(chiefly Northern Wu) disappointing that...; notwithstanding that... (used to express disappointment, disapproval and disbelief at a situation)


換句話講

/wuːn²² kɵy̯³³ waː²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/uã²²⁻²¹ ku²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁵³/

/uã⁴¹⁻²² ku⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ue⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/uã²²⁻²¹ ku²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁵³/

/uã³³⁻¹¹ ku¹¹⁻⁵³ ue³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁵³/

/uã³³⁻²¹ ku²¹⁻⁴¹ ue³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/wuːn²² kɵy̯³³ waː²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/uã²²⁻²¹ ku²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁵³/

/uã⁴¹⁻²² ku⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ue⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/uã²²⁻²¹ ku²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁵³/

/uã³³⁻¹¹ ku¹¹⁻⁵³ ue³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁵³/

/uã³³⁻²¹ ku²¹⁻⁴¹ ue³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/

(Cantonese, Hokkien) that is to say; in other words


換而言之

ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄦˊ ㄧㄢˊ ㄓ

хуаньэряньчжи

/xu̯än⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/wuːn²² jiː²¹ jiːn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/xu̯än⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/wuːn²² jiː²¹ jiːn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/


登常

(Southern Sixian Hakka) frequently; often


計計

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ ke²¹/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke⁴¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ ke²¹/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ ke¹¹/

/kɛ²¹⁻⁵³ kɛ²¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ ke²¹/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ke⁴¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ ke²¹/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ ke¹¹/

/kɛ²¹⁻⁵³ kɛ²¹/


照實

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siːu̯³³ sɐt̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siːu̯³³ sɐt̚²/

Tell me the situation now according to the facts.

Nǐ zhàoshí shuō xiànzài de qíngkuàng ba.

你照實說現在的情況吧。

你照实说现在的情况吧。

You have to talk about this affair according to the facts.

Chit kiāⁿ tāi-chì lí tio̍h-ài chiàu-si̍t kóng.

這件代誌你著愛照實講。

这件代志你着爱照实讲。


勒浪

在丄
辣浪
垃浪
拉浪
啦浪


sld

/siː²² lɐn³⁵ taːn²²/

/siː²² lɐn³⁵ taːn²²/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, vulgar) Alternative form of 是撚但 (“howfuckingever, whichever fucking way”)


垃垃

/laʔ¹¹ laʔ²³/

/læʔ²² laʔ²²/

/læʔ²² lɑ⁵³/

/laʔ¹¹ laʔ²³/

/læʔ²² laʔ²²/

/læʔ²² lɑ⁵³/

First syllable from a lenited form of 在 (MC dzojX|dzojH) (Qian, 1997) which later experienced glottalization and potential assimilation with 拉, mainly in circa 19th century Shanghai (Qian, 2003).
The second syllable is likely cognate with the personal pronoun pluralizer in e.g. Shanghainese 拉, which may in itself be a lenited non-checked tone variant of 搭 according to (Qian, 2003) and (Sheng, 2013). Compare 在𡍲.
Alternatively this might be a reduplicated form of 垃.
The aspect marker senses are part of a commonplace semantic derivation in Wu and some of Gan, whereby preposition-demonstrative phrases come to be grammaticalized as stative verb markers (Qian, 1997).

在在
在扗
扗在
扗扗
辣辣
勒辣
垃辣
勒勒
垃勒
拉勒
勒垃
辣拉
勒拉
辣勒
垃拉
拉拉
垃啦
啦啦

(Northern Wu) be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)

(Northern Wu) Used to indicate the perfective aspect.


在居

/ləʔ¹¹ ke²³/

/ləʔ²² ke³³/

/ɦlɛ²⁴ kei⁵⁵/

/lɐʔ²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

/ləʔ¹¹ ke²³/

/ləʔ²² ke³³/

/ɦlɛ²⁴ kei⁵⁵/

/lɐʔ²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

Modern pronunciations resulted from lenition of 在 (MC dzojX|dzojH) and irregular evolution of 居 (MC ki|kjo) (Zhengzhang, 2008).
Alternatively Qian (1997) considers the second character to be cognate of the written form 介 found in late imperial Northern Wu literature.

勒該
垃該
啦該
拉該
辣蓋
勒蓋
垃蓋
啦蓋
拉蓋
勒渠


在丄

/le²² lɑ̃⁴⁴/

/laʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²³/

/le²² lɑ̃³³/

/le²² lɑ̃⁴⁴/

/laʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²³/

/le²² lɑ̃³³/

Modern pronunciations resulted from lenition of 在 (MC dzojX|dzojH) and 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH), and then optional glottalization of 在.

垃浪
辣浪
勒浪
拉浪
啦浪

我在丄睏覺。

我在丄困觉。


在𡍲

⁶le₂-taq₇; ⁶le₂-tiq₇; ⁶le₂-taon₁; ⁶le₂-ton₁

/laʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/ləʔ²² taʔ³³/

le^平 tah^入; le^平 tih^入; le^平 taon^平; le^平 ton^平

/le²² tɐʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² tiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/

/laʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/ləʔ²² taʔ³³/

/le²² tɐʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² tiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/

First syllable from a lenited form of 在 (MC dzojX|dzojH) (Qian, 1997), and the second syllable ultimately coming from various phonemic forms of 搭.
The aspect marker senses are part of a commonplace semantic derivation in Wu and some of Gan, whereby preposition-demonstrative phrases come to be grammaticalized as stative verb markers (Qian, 1997).

來搭
來墶
來的
來東
來當


來該

From 在居 (MC dzojX|dzojH ki|kjo), where 在 underwent lenition and 居 underwent an irregular evolution.


立垃

/liɪʔ²² lɑ³⁵/

/liɪʔ²² lɑ³⁵/


來東

/lɛ²² toŋ³³⁴/

/lɛ²² toŋ³³⁴/


來勒

/le²² ləʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² lɐʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² ləʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² lɐʔ⁴⁴/

/le¹³ ləʔ²¹/


來搭

/lɛ²³ tɑʔ⁵⁵/

/lɛ²³ tɑʔ⁵⁵/


來搭

/lɛ²³ tɑʔ⁵⁵/

/lɛ²³ tɑʔ⁵⁵/

(when placed at the end of a sentence) Used to indicate the perfective aspect.


垃浪

/laʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²³/

/laʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²⁴/

/laʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²³/

/laʔ¹¹ lɑ̃²⁴/

From 在丄 (MC dzojX|dzojH dzyangX|dzyangH) , where 在 and 上 underwent lenition, and further 在 underwent glottalization.

在丄
辣浪
勒浪
拉浪
啦浪


來當

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/


勒篤

/ləʔ³³ toʔ⁴⁴/

/ləʔ³³ toʔ⁴⁴/


勒娘

/ləʔ¹³ n̠ʲiã²¹/

Ultimately from 在丄 (MC dzojX|dzojH dzyangX|dzyangH). See 垃浪 for more.


勒垃

/ləʔ¹¹ laʔ²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ la²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ laʔ²³/

/ləʔ¹¹ la²³/


有垃

/ɦiɯ²² lɑ³⁵/

/ɦiɯ²² lɑ³⁵/


垃該

Shanghainese (romanization)
垃该
在居
辣該
勒該
啦該
拉該
辣蓋
勒蓋
垃蓋
啦蓋
拉蓋


來夯

/le²² haŋ³³⁴/


一儕

/iəʔ⁵⁵ zɛ⁵⁵/

/iəʔ⁵⁵ zɛ⁵⁵/


差勿多

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵ vəʔ³³ tu²¹/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵ vəʔ³³ tu²¹/


專愛

/t͡suaŋ³³⁻²³ ãĩ²¹³/

/t͡suaŋ³³⁻²³ ãĩ²¹³/


七……八……

/t͡sʰit̚³² peʔ³²/

/t͡sʰit̚³² peʔ³²/

(Hokkien, connecting two identical verbs) wildly; in an uncontrolled way; without order or reason; at random; haphazardly; having no direction or coherence


直拄直

/tit̚²⁴⁻² tu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tit̚²⁴/

/tit̚⁴⁻³² tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚⁴/

/tit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚¹²¹/

/tit̚²⁴⁻² tu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tit̚²⁴/

/tit̚⁴⁻³² tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚⁴/

/tit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚¹²¹/


這番仔

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ huan⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ huan⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) recently; lately; of late


這程

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ tʰiɪŋ¹³/


這擺仔

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ pai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ pai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/


這過仔

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ kue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ kue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/


一晡仔久

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ku⁵³/


乘便

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ piːn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ piːn²²/


廓然

/kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

c. 77 B.C.E., 劉向 (Liu Xiang), 《說苑》 (Garden of Stories), chapter 1

Rénjūn zhī dào qīngjìngwúwèi, wù zài bó'ài, qū zài rèn xián; guǎng kāi ěrmù, yǐ chá wànfāng; bù gùnì yú liúsú, bù jūjì yú zuǒyòu; kuòrán yuǎnjiàn, chuōrán dúlì; lǚxǐng kǎojì, yǐ lín chénxià.

人君之道清淨無為，務在博愛，趨在任賢；廣開耳目，以察萬方；不固溺於流俗，不拘繫於左右；廓然遠見，踔然獨立；屢省考績，以臨臣下。

人君之道清净无为，务在博爱，趋在任贤；广开耳目，以察万方；不固溺于流俗，不拘系于左右；廓然远见，踔然独立；屡省考绩，以临臣下。

Jīnshì zhī chùshì, kuài rán wú tú, kuòrán dújū.

今世之處士，魁然無徒，廓然獨居。

今世之处士，魁然无徒，廓然独居。


容或

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jʊŋ²¹ waːk̚²/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jʊŋ²¹ waːk̚²/

2024, “有你聽我的故事 [All Ears]”, 周耀輝 [Chow Yiu-fai] (lyrics), 林家謙 [Terence Lam] (music)performed by 林家謙 [Terence Lam]:

jung⁶ sang¹ ming⁶ jing⁶ ceot¹ sang¹ ming⁶ sam⁶ mo¹ ho² nang⁴, jung⁴ waak⁶ han² so² seoi³, zaau² se¹ geoi³ zi² sing⁴ gu³ si⁶

用生命認出生命什麼可能 容或很瑣碎 找些句子成故事

用生命认出生命什么可能 容或很琐碎 找些句子成故事


趁墒

/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

while there is sufficient moisture in the soil


趁手

/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn³³ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/tʰan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/tʰan¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn³³ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/tʰan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/tʰan¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/tʰan²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

(regional) conveniently; without extra trouble; at one's convenience; while doing it; in passing


恁麼

/jɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵/


轉眼間

ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄢˇ ㄐㄧㄢ

чжуаньяньцзянь

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡syːn³⁵ ŋaːn¹³ kaːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡syːn³⁵ ŋaːn¹³ kaːn⁵⁵/


乘興

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/


成總兒

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʊ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʊ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Mandarin) Erhua form of 成總／成总 (chéngzǒng).


成總

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʊ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʊ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(colloquial) altogether; in total; in all; in sum


涾涾滾

涾涾滚
沓沓滾
踏踏滾
達達滾

/daʔ¹¹ daʔ²² kuən²³/

/dɐʔ²² dɐʔ³⁴ kuəŋ⁵¹/

/daʔ¹¹ daʔ²³ kuən³⁴/

/daʔ²² daʔ⁵⁵ kuəŋ⁵³/

/dɑʔ²² dɑʔ³⁴ kun⁵³/

/daʔ¹¹ daʔ²² kuən²³/

/dɐʔ²² dɐʔ³⁴ kuəŋ⁵¹/

/daʔ¹¹ daʔ²³ kuən³⁴/

/daʔ²² daʔ⁵⁵ kuəŋ⁵³/

/dɑʔ²² dɑʔ³⁴ kun⁵³/

To have a high fever (lit. scalding-hot body and skin)

肌身涾涾滾

肌身涾涾滚


不三時

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁴⁴⁻³³ si²³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁴⁴⁻³³ si²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si²³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁴⁴⁻³³ si²³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁴⁴⁻³³ si²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ sam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si²³/


猝爾

/t͡sʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


將才

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(Beijing Mandarin) just; just now; a moment ago


硬虎

/ŋẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ hõũ⁵²/

/ŋẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ hõũ⁵²/

(Teochew) definitely; certainly; surely; must


一枝流

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ki³³⁻²³ liu⁵⁵/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ki³³⁻²³ liu⁵⁵/


初逢

/t͡sʰɔ³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

(Jinjiang Hokkien) at first; initially; in the beginning; originally; at the outset


拗要

He won't wear those clothes now that they're so old.

2009, 張惠英 [Zhang Huiying], 《崇明方言研究》 [A Study of Chongming Dialect], page 193

衣裳舊子夷拗要着個。

衣裳旧子夷拗要着个。

do not want; do not like to (expressing nonvolition)

You're tired enough already; don't do any more work.

你吃力特，拗要做營生特。

你吃力特，拗要做营生特。

I don't suppose that he hasn't come into work now, has he?

2008, 王洪鐘 [Wang Hongzhong], 《海門方言語法專題研究》 [Studies on Selected Topics of Haimenese Grammar], page 73

夷奧要㬟寧來上班噢？

夷奥要㬟宁来上班噢？

Don't tell me that it's raining outside?

外頭奧要勒落雨哇？

外头奥要勒落雨哇？

Used in questions about suspected situations or outcomes that are often implied to be undesirable or unexpected.


程子

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

(regional) a short period of time; a short while


自了

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ liau⁵²/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ liau⁵²/

(Teochew) from the past until the present; all along; ever; never (when used with a negated verb)


向生

/hĩõ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/

/hio²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/

/hĩõ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/

/hio²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/


若先

/na⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/na⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ³³/

He/she/they (singular) go first and after come home.

伊若先去了才倒來

伊若先去了才倒来

伊去若先

(Philippine Hokkien) to first start to do something; to do a verb first before something else


在生樣

/t͡sai³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ ĩẽ¹¹/

/t͡sai³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ ĩõ¹¹/

/t͡sai³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ ĩẽ¹¹/

/t͡sai³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ ĩõ¹¹/


貼準

/tʰiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁴⁴/

/tʰiɪʔ³³ t͡sən⁴⁴/

The boss happened to not be there the day I went.

⁶ngu ⁵chi-keq ⁷iq-gniq₈ ⁷thiq-tsen₅ ⁶lau-pe₅ ⁶veq₈-leq₈-la₆

我去個一日貼準老板弗垃拉。

我去个一日贴准老板弗垃拉。

(Shanghainese, dated in Urban Shanghainese) by chance; as it happens


怪唔得之

/kʷaːi̯³³ m̩²¹ tɐk̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/kʷaːi̯³³ m̩²¹ tɐk̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


怪唔之得

/kʷaːi̯³³ m̩²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/kʷaːi̯³³ m̩²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/


唔怪得之

/m̩²¹ kʷaːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/m̩²¹ kʷaːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/


翻頭

(Mainland China Hokkien) immediately afterward; right afterward; soon after


驟眼

/t͡saːu̯²² ŋaːn¹³/

/t͡saːu̯²² ŋaːn¹³/

驟眼睇／骤眼睇 [Cantonese] ― zaau⁶ ngaan⁵ tai² [Jyutping] ― at a glance


動著

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily


磕而著

/kʰap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰap̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ li²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰap̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹⁻²² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² li²²⁻²¹ tioʔ⁴/

(Hokkien, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily


動起著

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tioʔ¹²¹/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tioʔ¹²¹/

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tioʔ¹²¹/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tioʔ¹²¹/


磕著

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚²⁴⁻² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² tiɤʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚²⁴⁻² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² tiɤʔ⁴/

(Mainland China Hokkien, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily


磕敉著

/kʰap̚²⁴⁻² mĩ⁴¹⁻²² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² mĩ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰap̚²⁴⁻² mĩ⁴¹⁻²² tioʔ²⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² mĩ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩ²²⁻²¹ tioʔ¹²¹/


委的

/weɪ̯²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing, The Injustice to Dou E

委的不是小婦人下毒藥來。

委的不是小妇人下毒药来。

Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16ᵗʰ century CE

Wùkōng xiào dào: “...... Nǐ zài qù xún xún kàn. Ruò yǒu kěyì de, yīyī fèng jià.” Lóngwáng dào: “Wěide zài wú.”

悟空笑道：「……你再去尋尋看。若有可意的，一一奉價。」龍王道：「委的再無。」

悟空笑道：「……你再去寻寻看。若有可意的，一一奉价。」龙王道：「委的再无。」


磕𣍐著

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² be³³⁻²¹ tiɤʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² bue³³⁻¹¹ tioʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² be³³⁻²¹ tiɤʔ⁴/

/kʰap̚⁴⁻³² bue³³⁻¹¹ tioʔ⁴/

(Taiwanese Hokkien, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily


𪐀噠

/n̠ʲi̯a̠¹³ ta̠³/

/n̠ʲi̯a̠¹³ ta̠³/

(Xiang) at once; immediately; without delay; in a minute; soon


十成九

/sɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

/sɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/


實際浪

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕi²² lɑ̃²³/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕi²² lɑ̃²³/

(Northern Wu) actually; as a matter of fact; in reality; in fact

edit
事實上／事实上


存意

/t͡souŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɛi²¹³/

/t͡souŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɛi²¹³/

(Eastern Min, usually in negative sentences) intentionally; deliberately


每趟

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵¹/


通脫

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːt̚³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuat̚³²/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːt̚³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuat̚³²/

(literary) not bothering about trifles; unconventional


通統

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁵³/

all; entirely; completely; fully; totally


垂垂

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯²¹ sɵy̯²¹/

/se²⁴⁻²² se²⁴/

/se²⁴⁻²² se²⁴/

/se¹³⁻²² se¹³/

/se²⁴⁻¹¹ se²⁴/

/se²³⁻³³ se²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯²¹ sɵy̯²¹/

/se²⁴⁻²² se²⁴/

/se²⁴⁻²² se²⁴/

/se¹³⁻²² se¹³/

/se²⁴⁻¹¹ se²⁴/

/se²³⁻³³ se²³/


獨係

/tʊk̚² hɐi̯²²/

/tʊk̚² hɐi̯²²/

1899, 馬可福音：中西字 [The Gospel according to St. Mark in English and Cantonese], Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 36:

Now the disciples had forgotten to take bread, neither had they in the ship with them more than one loaf.

mun⁴ sang¹ m⁴ gei³ dak¹ daai³ beng², syun⁴ soeng⁶ duk⁶ hai⁶ jau⁵ jat¹ go³ beng² ze¹.

門生唔記得帶餅、船上獨係有一個餅呮。

门生唔记得带饼、船上独系有一个饼呮。

(Cantonese, dated in Hong Kong) only; just; merely


愈更

/d͡zu⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ²¹³/

/d͡zu⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ²¹³/