See 法輪功 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "法輪功"
},
"expansion": "法輪功",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "法輪功",
"2": "^ほうりんこう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^법륜공(法輪功)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Pháp Luân Công",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "法輪功"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "法輪功",
"2": "^ほうりんこう",
"3": "^법륜공",
"4": "Pháp Luân Công",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "法輪功",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "法輪功",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "法輪功",
"v": "法輪功",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (法輪功):\n* → Japanese: 法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)\n* → Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)\n* → Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^ほうりんこう",
"3": "^법륜공",
"4": "Pháp Luân Công"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (法輪功):\n* → Japanese: 法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)\n* → Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)\n* → Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (法輪功):\n* → Japanese: 法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)\n* → Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)\n* → Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Falun Gong",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Falun Gong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Falun Gong"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "法%輪%功",
"2": "^ファー%ルン%ゴン"
},
"expansion": "法(ファー)輪(ルン)功(ゴン) (Fārungon)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: 法(ファー)輪(ルン)功(ゴン) (Fārungon)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "法轮功",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "法輪功",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Falun Gong"
],
"id": "en-法輪功-zh-name-xYLTGAXm",
"links": [
[
"Falun Gong",
"Falun Gong"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "lúnzi",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "輪子"
},
{
"roman": "lúnzi",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "轮子"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Fǎlún Dàfǎ",
"word": "法輪大法／法轮大法"
},
{
"roman": "Fǎlún Dàfǎ",
"word": "法輪大法"
},
{
"roman": "Fǎlún Dàfǎ",
"word": "法轮大法"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎlún Gōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "faat³ leon⁴ gung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Fap-lùn-kûng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Huák-lùng-gŭng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hoat-lûn-kong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎlún Gōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎlún Gong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Fa³-lun² Kung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎ-lwún Gūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Faaluen Gong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Фалунь Гун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Falunʹ Gun"
},
{
"ipa": "/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "faat lèuhn gūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "faat⁸ loen⁴ gung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fad³ lên⁴ gung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/faːt̚³ lɵn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Fap-lùn-kûng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "fab^ˋ lun^ˇ gung^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "fab⁵ lun² gung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fap̚² lun¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Huák-lùng-gŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hoat-lûn-kong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Huat-lûn-kong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hoatlunkofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/faːt̚³ lɵn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fap̚² lun¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "法輪功"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "法輪功"
},
"expansion": "法輪功",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "法輪功",
"2": "^ほうりんこう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^법륜공(法輪功)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Pháp Luân Công",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "法輪功"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "法輪功",
"2": "^ほうりんこう",
"3": "^법륜공",
"4": "Pháp Luân Công",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "法輪功",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "法輪功",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "法輪功",
"v": "法輪功",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (法輪功):\n* → Japanese: 法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)\n* → Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)\n* → Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^ほうりんこう",
"3": "^법륜공",
"4": "Pháp Luân Công"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (法輪功):\n* → Japanese: 法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)\n* → Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)\n* → Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (法輪功):\n* → Japanese: 法輪功(ほうりんこう) (Hōrinkō)\n* → Korean: 법륜공(法輪功) (Beomnyun'gong)\n* → Vietnamese: Pháp Luân Công (法輪功)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Falun Gong",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Falun Gong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Falun Gong"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "法%輪%功",
"2": "^ファー%ルン%ゴン"
},
"expansion": "法(ファー)輪(ルン)功(ゴン) (Fārungon)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: 法(ファー)輪(ルン)功(ゴン) (Fārungon)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "法轮功",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "法輪功",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "lúnzi",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "輪子"
},
{
"roman": "lúnzi",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "轮子"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 功",
"Chinese terms spelled with 法",
"Chinese terms spelled with 輪",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka proper nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien proper nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Falun Gong"
],
"links": [
[
"Falun Gong",
"Falun Gong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎlún Gōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "faat³ leon⁴ gung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Fap-lùn-kûng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Huák-lùng-gŭng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hoat-lûn-kong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎlún Gōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎlún Gong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Fa³-lun² Kung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Fǎ-lwún Gūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Faaluen Gong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Фалунь Гун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Falunʹ Gun"
},
{
"ipa": "/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "faat lèuhn gūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "faat⁸ loen⁴ gung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fad³ lên⁴ gung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/faːt̚³ lɵn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Fap-lùn-kûng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "fab^ˋ lun^ˇ gung^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "fab⁵ lun² gung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fap̚² lun¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Huák-lùng-gŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hoat-lûn-kong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Huat-lûn-kong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hoatlunkofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/faːt̚³ lɵn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fap̚² lun¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Fǎlún Dàfǎ",
"word": "法輪大法／法轮大法"
},
{
"roman": "Fǎlún Dàfǎ",
"word": "法輪大法"
},
{
"roman": "Fǎlún Dàfǎ",
"word": "法轮大法"
}
],
"word": "法輪功"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 法輪功 meaning in Chinese (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"法輪功"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "法輪功",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.