"河洛" meaning in Chinese

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 32 21 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Yellow River and Luo River"
      ],
      "id": "en-河洛-zh-name-rUX0yepr",
      "links": [
        [
          "Yellow River",
          "Yellow River"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the area between the Yellow River and Luo River"
      ],
      "id": "en-河洛-zh-name-dtlyj3oa",
      "links": [
        [
          "Yellow River",
          "Yellow River"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "河圖洛書"
        },
        {
          "word": "河图洛书"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for 河圖洛書／河图洛书."
      ],
      "id": "en-河洛-zh-name-lZ9pR0ln",
      "links": [
        [
          "河圖洛書",
          "河圖洛書#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "河图洛书",
          "河图洛书#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Hô-lo̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶wu-loq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho²-lo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hé-lwò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Herluoh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэло"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hòh lohk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hòh lok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok⁸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ log⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ log³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-lo̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-lo̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoilok"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶wu-loq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wu^去 loh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³hhu-loq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ɦu²² loʔ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha lak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ɡaːl ɡ·raːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɦu²² loʔ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ɡaːl ɡ·raːɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "河洛"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河洛",
        "2": "Yellow River and Luo River"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛 (Héluò, “Yellow River and Luo River”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Wei and Lee, 2019"
      },
      "expansion": "Wei and Lee, 2019",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*河老"
      },
      "expansion": "河老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "天下郡國利病書//",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "天下郡國利病書",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "天下郡國利病書"
      },
      "expansion": "天下郡國利病書",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "17th century"
      },
      "expansion": "[17th century]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河",
        "2": "Yellow River"
      },
      "expansion": "河 (hé, “Yellow River”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河"
      },
      "expansion": "河 (hé)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河"
      },
      "expansion": "河 (hé)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*貉獠"
      },
      "expansion": "貉獠",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*貉獠坪"
      },
      "expansion": "貉獠坪",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1586"
      },
      "expansion": "[1586]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "貉老坪"
      },
      "expansion": "貉老坪",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1725"
      },
      "expansion": "[1725]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "貉",
        "tr": "ho̍k"
      },
      "expansion": "貉 (ho̍k)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "貉",
        "2": "racoon dog",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "貉 (“racoon dog”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "學老",
        "tr": "ho̍k-ló"
      },
      "expansion": "學老／学老 (ho̍k-ló)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*學老"
      },
      "expansion": "學老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ibid."
      },
      "expansion": "ibid.",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*鶴老"
      },
      "expansion": "鶴老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1626–1642"
      },
      "expansion": "[1626–1642]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*鶴老",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "鶴老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*學老",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "學老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河洛"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛 (Héluò)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河洛"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛 (Héluò)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "〈河洛語中之唐宋故事〉"
      },
      "expansion": "〈河洛語中之唐宋故事〉",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "福佬",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "福佬",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "福",
        "tr": "Hok"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 福 (Hok)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "福建",
        "t": "Fujian",
        "tr": "Hok-kiàn"
      },
      "expansion": "福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The endonym of some Hokkien speakers in Taiwan, not used in Hokkien-speaking areas of Fujian. It is etymologically unrelated to Etymology 1 河洛 (Héluò, “Yellow River and Luo River”) (Wei and Lee, 2019). The earliest origins of the term are:\n* As an exonym for Han people in Fujian used by She people, attested in the form 河老 in 天下郡國利病書 [17th century]. The first syllable was written as 河 (hé, “Yellow River”) and associated with Henan by intellectuals at the time, but it is likely etymologically unrelated to 河 (hé) as 河 (hé) lacks a stop coda in Hakka and Southern Min.\n* As a derogatory exonym for Southern Min speaking people used by Hakka people in eastern Guangdong, first attested in the form 貉獠 in the place name 貉獠坪 in then Yong'an county, Huizhou prefecture (present day Zijin, Heyuan) in the Annals of Yong'an County [1586]. The alternative form of the place name, 貉老坪, is recorded in Gujin Tushu Jicheng [1725]. This exonym was likely derogatory given the use of the character 貉 (ho̍k) to write the first syllable, even though the first syllable may not be related to 貉 (“racoon dog”) etymologically. Note 學老／学老 (ho̍k-ló) remains an exonym for Southern Min speaking people in Hakka to this day, and 學老 is commonly attested in place names in Hakka-speaking areas of eastern Guangdong (ibid.).\nThe earliest attestation of 鶴老 is found in Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum [1626–1642] as the name for Hokkien speaking people. In Taiwan, 鶴老 appeared no later than 1769, while 學老 appeared no later than 1796. The association with 河洛 (Héluò) is a late folk etymology, with the first attestation of 河洛 (Héluò) found in Taiwan scholar Wu Huai's 1957 paper titled 〈河洛語中之唐宋故事〉, and has since become popular.\nThe form 福佬 is possibly the result of reanalysis of this word based on associating the first syllable with Hokkien 福 (Hok) (as in 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "héluòrén",
          "word": "河洛人"
        },
        {
          "roman": "héluòhuà",
          "word": "河洛話"
        },
        {
          "roman": "héluòhuà",
          "word": "河洛话"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hoklo people"
      ],
      "id": "en-河洛-zh-noun-6frIe4cD",
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "學佬"
        },
        {
          "word": "学佬"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fúlǎo",
          "word": "福佬"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Hô-ló"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Ho̍h-ló"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Hō-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho²-lo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hé-lwò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Herluoh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэло"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoiloir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho̍h-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho̍h-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoiqloir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hō-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hō-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoixloir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ³³⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho³³⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ Ho̍h-ló /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ³³⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho³³⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Gujin Tushu Jicheng"
  ],
  "word": "河洛"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Yellow River and Luo River"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Yellow River",
          "Yellow River"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the area between the Yellow River and Luo River"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Yellow River",
          "Yellow River"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "河圖洛書"
        },
        {
          "word": "河图洛书"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Chinese redlinks/zh-l",
        "Chinese short forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for 河圖洛書／河图洛书."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "河圖洛書",
          "河圖洛書#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "河图洛书",
          "河图洛书#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Hô-lo̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶wu-loq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho²-lo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hé-lwò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Herluoh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэло"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hòh lohk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hòh lok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ lok⁸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ log⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁴ log³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-lo̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-lo̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoilok"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶wu-loq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wu^去 loh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³hhu-loq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ɦu²² loʔ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha lak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ɡaːl ɡ·raːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²¹ lɔːk̚³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɦu²² loʔ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ɡaːl ɡ·raːɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "河洛"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "héluòrén",
      "word": "河洛人"
    },
    {
      "roman": "héluòhuà",
      "word": "河洛話"
    },
    {
      "roman": "héluòhuà",
      "word": "河洛话"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河洛",
        "2": "Yellow River and Luo River"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛 (Héluò, “Yellow River and Luo River”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Wei and Lee, 2019"
      },
      "expansion": "Wei and Lee, 2019",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*河老"
      },
      "expansion": "河老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "天下郡國利病書//",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "天下郡國利病書",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "天下郡國利病書"
      },
      "expansion": "天下郡國利病書",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "17th century"
      },
      "expansion": "[17th century]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河",
        "2": "Yellow River"
      },
      "expansion": "河 (hé, “Yellow River”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河"
      },
      "expansion": "河 (hé)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河"
      },
      "expansion": "河 (hé)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*貉獠"
      },
      "expansion": "貉獠",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*貉獠坪"
      },
      "expansion": "貉獠坪",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1586"
      },
      "expansion": "[1586]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "貉老坪"
      },
      "expansion": "貉老坪",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1725"
      },
      "expansion": "[1725]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "貉",
        "tr": "ho̍k"
      },
      "expansion": "貉 (ho̍k)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "貉",
        "2": "racoon dog",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "貉 (“racoon dog”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "學老",
        "tr": "ho̍k-ló"
      },
      "expansion": "學老／学老 (ho̍k-ló)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*學老"
      },
      "expansion": "學老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ibid."
      },
      "expansion": "ibid.",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*鶴老"
      },
      "expansion": "鶴老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1626–1642"
      },
      "expansion": "[1626–1642]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*鶴老",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "鶴老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*學老",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "學老",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河洛"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛 (Héluò)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "河洛"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛 (Héluò)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "〈河洛語中之唐宋故事〉"
      },
      "expansion": "〈河洛語中之唐宋故事〉",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "福佬",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "福佬",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "福",
        "tr": "Hok"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 福 (Hok)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "福建",
        "t": "Fujian",
        "tr": "Hok-kiàn"
      },
      "expansion": "福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The endonym of some Hokkien speakers in Taiwan, not used in Hokkien-speaking areas of Fujian. It is etymologically unrelated to Etymology 1 河洛 (Héluò, “Yellow River and Luo River”) (Wei and Lee, 2019). The earliest origins of the term are:\n* As an exonym for Han people in Fujian used by She people, attested in the form 河老 in 天下郡國利病書 [17th century]. The first syllable was written as 河 (hé, “Yellow River”) and associated with Henan by intellectuals at the time, but it is likely etymologically unrelated to 河 (hé) as 河 (hé) lacks a stop coda in Hakka and Southern Min.\n* As a derogatory exonym for Southern Min speaking people used by Hakka people in eastern Guangdong, first attested in the form 貉獠 in the place name 貉獠坪 in then Yong'an county, Huizhou prefecture (present day Zijin, Heyuan) in the Annals of Yong'an County [1586]. The alternative form of the place name, 貉老坪, is recorded in Gujin Tushu Jicheng [1725]. This exonym was likely derogatory given the use of the character 貉 (ho̍k) to write the first syllable, even though the first syllable may not be related to 貉 (“racoon dog”) etymologically. Note 學老／学老 (ho̍k-ló) remains an exonym for Southern Min speaking people in Hakka to this day, and 學老 is commonly attested in place names in Hakka-speaking areas of eastern Guangdong (ibid.).\nThe earliest attestation of 鶴老 is found in Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum [1626–1642] as the name for Hokkien speaking people. In Taiwan, 鶴老 appeared no later than 1769, while 學老 appeared no later than 1796. The association with 河洛 (Héluò) is a late folk etymology, with the first attestation of 河洛 (Héluò) found in Taiwan scholar Wu Huai's 1957 paper titled 〈河洛語中之唐宋故事〉, and has since become popular.\nThe form 福佬 is possibly the result of reanalysis of this word based on associating the first syllable with Hokkien 福 (Hok) (as in 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "河洛",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "學佬"
    },
    {
      "word": "学佬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fúlǎo",
      "word": "福佬"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Hoklo people"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Hô-ló"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Ho̍h-ló"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Hō-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Héluò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho²-lo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hé-lwò"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Herluoh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэло"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hô-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoiloir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho̍h-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho̍h-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoiqloir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hō-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hō-ló"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoixloir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ³³⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho³³⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ Ho̍h-ló /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɤ³³⁻²¹ lɤ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ho³³⁻¹¹ lo⁵³/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Gujin Tushu Jicheng"
  ],
  "word": "河洛"
}