See 懾 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 懾 meaning in Chinese (6.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "心驚膽懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "心惊胆慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "懾人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "慑人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "懾人心魄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "慑人心魄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shèxī",
"word": "懾息"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shèxī",
"word": "慑息"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "懾慴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "慑慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shèfú",
"word": "懾服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shèfú",
"word": "慑服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "膽懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "胆慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "臨難不懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "临难不慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "臨難無懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "临难无慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "鎮懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "镇慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "隘懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "隘慑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhènshè",
"word": "震懾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhènshè",
"word": "震慑"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *ʔnjeb"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔnjeb)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "心//",
"3": "",
"4": "heart",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "心 (“heart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "聶//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *neb</span>"
},
"expansion": "聶 (OC *neb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "心",
"2": "聶",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "heart"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔnjeb) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔnjeb) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "懾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "zh:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fear; to be in awe"
],
"id": "en-懾-zh-character-zhzrX49J",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"awe",
"awe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to submit out of fear"
],
"id": "en-懾-zh-character-aE42ISna",
"links": [
[
"submit",
"submit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄕㄜˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄜˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zip³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "sip³"
},
{
"tags": [],
"zh-pron": "niék"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "liap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "niah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "niab⁴"
},
{
"tags": [],
"zh-pron": "⁷seq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "shê⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "sheh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "шэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "šɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂɤ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chê²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jer"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чжэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čžɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jip"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sip"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzip⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sip⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "jib³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "xib³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siːp̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "niék"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡiɛʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "liap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "liab"
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "niah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "niaq"
},
{
"ipa": "/niãʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "niap"
},
{
"ipa": "/niap̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷seq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "seh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴seq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/səʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tsyep"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[t.n][e]p/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ʔnjeb/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂɤ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siːp̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡiɛʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/niãʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/niap̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/səʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[t.n]"
},
{
"other": "[e]"
},
{
"other": "/*ʔnjeb/"
}
],
"word": "懾"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh:Fear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "心驚膽懾"
},
{
"word": "心惊胆慑"
},
{
"word": "懾人"
},
{
"word": "慑人"
},
{
"word": "懾人心魄"
},
{
"word": "慑人心魄"
},
{
"roman": "shèxī",
"word": "懾息"
},
{
"roman": "shèxī",
"word": "慑息"
},
{
"word": "懾慴"
},
{
"word": "慑慑"
},
{
"roman": "shèfú",
"word": "懾服"
},
{
"roman": "shèfú",
"word": "慑服"
},
{
"word": "膽懾"
},
{
"word": "胆慑"
},
{
"word": "臨難不懾"
},
{
"word": "临难不慑"
},
{
"word": "臨難無懾"
},
{
"word": "临难无慑"
},
{
"word": "鎮懾"
},
{
"word": "镇慑"
},
{
"word": "隘懾"
},
{
"word": "隘慑"
},
{
"roman": "zhènshè",
"word": "震懾"
},
{
"roman": "zhènshè",
"word": "震慑"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *ʔnjeb"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔnjeb)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "心//",
"3": "",
"4": "heart",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "心 (“heart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "聶//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *neb</span>"
},
"expansion": "聶 (OC *neb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "心",
"2": "聶",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "heart"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔnjeb) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔnjeb) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "懾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fear; to be in awe"
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"awe",
"awe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to submit out of fear"
],
"links": [
[
"submit",
"submit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄕㄜˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄜˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zip³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "sip³"
},
{
"tags": [],
"zh-pron": "niék"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "liap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "niah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "niab⁴"
},
{
"tags": [],
"zh-pron": "⁷seq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "shê⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "shè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "sheh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "шэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "šɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂɤ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chê²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jer"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чжэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čžɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jip"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sip"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzip⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sip⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "jib³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "xib³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siːp̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "niék"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡiɛʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "liap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "liab"
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "niah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "niaq"
},
{
"ipa": "/niãʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "niap"
},
{
"ipa": "/niap̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷seq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "seh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴seq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/səʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tsyep"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[t.n][e]p/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ʔnjeb/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂɤ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siːp̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡiɛʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liap̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/niãʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/niap̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/səʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[t.n]"
},
{
"other": "[e]"
},
{
"other": "/*ʔnjeb/"
}
],
"word": "懾"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"懾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "懾",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.