See 字體 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kěbiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "可變字體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kěbiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "可变字体"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīnzìtǐ",
"word": "新字體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīnzìtǐ",
"word": "新字体"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wú chènxiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "無襯線字體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wú chènxiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "无衬线字体"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiùzìtǐ",
"word": "舊字體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiùzìtǐ",
"word": "旧字体"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "字体",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "字體",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 18 19 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Western sans-serif font",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "xīwén wúchènxiàn zìtǐ",
"text": "西文無襯線字體",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Western sans-serif font",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "xīwén wúchènxiàn zìtǐ",
"text": "西文无衬线字体",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"typeface; font; script (form of a written or printed character)"
],
"id": "en-字體-zh-noun-mW~x5X1S",
"links": [
[
"typeface",
"typeface"
],
[
"font",
"font"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 18 19 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 32 37 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "zh:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"style of calligraphy; calligraphic style"
],
"id": "en-字體-zh-noun-vSConnda",
"links": [
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
],
[
"calligraphic",
"calligraphic"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 18 19 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 32 37 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "zh:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"school of calligraphy"
],
"id": "en-字體-zh-noun-nsuUO92t",
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 19 73 8",
"roman": "shūpài",
"sense": "school of calligraphy",
"word": "書派"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 19 73 8",
"roman": "shūpài",
"sense": "school of calligraphy",
"word": "书派"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 18 19 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 20 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 20 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 32 37 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "zh:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 22 26 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "zh:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"handwriting"
],
"id": "en-字體-zh-noun-ZosiAkwX",
"links": [
[
"handwriting",
"handwriting"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 8 9 82",
"roman": "bǐjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "筆跡"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 9 82",
"roman": "bǐjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "笔迹"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 9 82",
"roman": "zìjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "字跡"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 9 82",
"roman": "zìjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "字迹"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìtǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄊㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁶ tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ-thí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "jī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ri⁷ toi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ri⁷ ti²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zìtǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄊㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zìhtǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tzŭ⁴-tʻi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dz̀-tǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tzyhtii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзыти"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czyti"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁶ tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jih tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzi⁶ tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "ji⁶ tei²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ-thí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "sii^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tiˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "si⁴ ti³"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨ⁵⁵ tʰi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lixtea"
},
{
"ipa": "/li³³⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴¹⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/li²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "jī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "jixtea"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/zi³³⁻²¹ tʰe⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "jī thói"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "jī thí"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰoi⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰi⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨ⁵⁵ tʰi³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li³³⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴¹⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zi³³⁻²¹ tʰe⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰoi⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰi⁵²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zìxíng",
"word": "字型"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zìxíng",
"word": "字形"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shūfēng",
"word": "書風"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shūfēng",
"word": "书风"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shūtǐ",
"word": "書體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shūtǐ",
"word": "书体"
}
],
"word": "字體"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 字",
"Chinese terms spelled with 體",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Calligraphy",
"zh:Typography"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kěbiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "可變字體"
},
{
"roman": "kěbiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "可变字体"
},
{
"roman": "xīnzìtǐ",
"word": "新字體"
},
{
"roman": "xīnzìtǐ",
"word": "新字体"
},
{
"roman": "wú chènxiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "無襯線字體"
},
{
"roman": "wú chènxiàn zìtǐ",
"word": "无衬线字体"
},
{
"roman": "jiùzìtǐ",
"word": "舊字體"
},
{
"roman": "jiùzìtǐ",
"word": "旧字体"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "字体",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "字體",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Western sans-serif font",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "xīwén wúchènxiàn zìtǐ",
"text": "西文無襯線字體",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Western sans-serif font",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "xīwén wúchènxiàn zìtǐ",
"text": "西文无衬线字体",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"typeface; font; script (form of a written or printed character)"
],
"links": [
[
"typeface",
"typeface"
],
[
"font",
"font"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"style of calligraphy; calligraphic style"
],
"links": [
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
],
[
"calligraphic",
"calligraphic"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"school of calligraphy"
],
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"handwriting"
],
"links": [
[
"handwriting",
"handwriting"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìtǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄊㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁶ tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ-thí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "jī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ri⁷ toi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ri⁷ ti²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zìtǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄊㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zìhtǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tzŭ⁴-tʻi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dz̀-tǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tzyhtii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзыти"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czyti"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁶ tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jih tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzi⁶ tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "ji⁶ tei²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ-thí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "sii^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tiˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "si⁴ ti³"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨ⁵⁵ tʰi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lixtea"
},
{
"ipa": "/li³³⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴¹⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/li²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "jī-thé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "jixtea"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/zi³³⁻²¹ tʰe⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "jī thói"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "jī thí"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰoi⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰi⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨ⁵⁵ tʰi³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li³³⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴¹⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zi³³⁻²¹ tʰe⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰoi⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zi¹¹ tʰi⁵²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zìxíng",
"word": "字型"
},
{
"roman": "zìxíng",
"word": "字形"
},
{
"roman": "shūfēng",
"word": "書風"
},
{
"roman": "shūfēng",
"word": "书风"
},
{
"roman": "shūtǐ",
"word": "書體"
},
{
"roman": "shūtǐ",
"word": "书体"
},
{
"roman": "shūpài",
"sense": "school of calligraphy",
"word": "書派"
},
{
"roman": "shūpài",
"sense": "school of calligraphy",
"word": "书派"
},
{
"roman": "bǐjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "筆跡"
},
{
"roman": "bǐjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "笔迹"
},
{
"roman": "zìjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "字跡"
},
{
"roman": "zìjì",
"sense": "handwriting",
"word": "字迹"
}
],
"word": "字體"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 字體 meaning in Chinese (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"字體"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "字體",
"trace": "started on line 22, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"字體"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "字體",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"字體"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "字體",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"字體"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "字體",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"字體"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "字體",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%9B%B8%E9%A2%A8'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"字體"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "字體",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.