"妾" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰiːp̚³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰiap̚⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/ [Gan, Nanchang, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /t͡sʰi̯et̚²/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /t͡sʰiap̚¹/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /t͡sʰiɛ²⁴/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰiap̚³²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /t͡sʰiap̚⁵/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sʰiap̚³²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡sʰiap̚³²/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡sʰiap̚³²/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sʰiap̚²/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/ [Changsha, Sinological-IPA, Xiang], /t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/ [Changsha, Sinological-IPA, Xiang], /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/, /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/, /t͡sʰiːp̚³/, /tʰiap̚⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/, /t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/, /t͡sʰi̯et̚²/, /t͡sʰiap̚¹/, /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/, /t͡sʰiɛ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚⁵/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚²/, /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/, /t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/ Chinese transliterations: qiè [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], qie⁴ [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄑㄧㄝˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], jie² [Chengdu, Mandarin, Pinyin, Sichuanese], qie² [Chengdu, Mandarin, Pinyin, Sichuanese], cip³ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], tiap² [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], qiet⁶ [Gan, Wiktionary-specific], chhiap [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], chhiet [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], qiab⁵ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], qieh⁴ [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], chiĕ, chiék, chhiap [Hokkien, POJ], ciab⁴ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁷chiq, cie⁶, qiè [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ㄑㄧㄝˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ciè [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chʻieh⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], chyè [Mandarin, Yale], chieh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], це [Mandarin, Palladius], ce [Mandarin, Palladius], gie [Chengdu, Latinxua-Sin-Wenz, Mandarin], kie [Chengdu, Latinxua-Sin-Wenz, Mandarin], cip³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], chip [Cantonese, Yale], tsip⁸ [Cantonese, Pinyin], qib³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], tiap² [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], qiet⁶ [Gan, Nanchang, Wiktionary-specific], chhiap [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], chhiet [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], qiab` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], qied` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], qiab⁵ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], qiad⁵ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], qieh⁴ [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], chiĕ [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], chiék [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], tshiap [Hokkien, Tai-lo], chiab [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tshiap [POJ, Teochew], ⁷chiq [Wu], chih^入 [Wu], ⁴qiq [Wu], /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/ [Wu], cie⁶ [Changsha, Wiktionary-specific, Xiang], tshjep [Middle-Chinese], /*[tsʰ]ap/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*sʰeb/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Uncertain. Possibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立. Alternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal. Cognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Etymology templates: {{categorize|zh|Han pictograms}}, {{liushu|p|nocap=yes}} pictogram (象形), {{zh-l|*女}} 女, {{zh-l|*辛}} 辛, {{zh-l|*立}} 立, {{categorize|zh|Han ideogrammic compounds}}, {{liushu|ic|adj=|nocap=y|pron=}} ideogrammic compound (會意/会意), {{Han compound|辛|女|ls=ic|nocap=y|t1=torture device|t2=woman}} ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”), {{och-l|捷|victory; booty}} 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”), {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}} Schuessler, 2007 Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 妾
  1. slave woman Synonyms (slave woman): 女奴 (nǚnú)
    Sense id: en-妾-zh-character-Lfbo5d0O Disambiguation of 'slave woman': 98 0 2 0
  2. concubine Categories (topical): Female, People, Slavery
    Sense id: en-妾-zh-character-~LfYrhmr Disambiguation of Female: 0 87 1 12 Disambiguation of People: 8 81 6 4 Disambiguation of Slavery: 6 78 3 13
  3. (archaic, humble) I; me (used by women to show modesty) Tags: archaic, humble
    Sense id: en-妾-zh-character-PZQji5QN
  4. a surname
    Sense id: en-妾-zh-character-v2O7m9sM Categories (other): Chinese surnames, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese pronouns, Eastern Min pronouns, Northern Min pronouns Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 0 19 10 71 Disambiguation of Chinese pronouns: 0 17 7 76 Disambiguation of Eastern Min pronouns: 0 17 6 77 Disambiguation of Northern Min pronouns: 0 17 6 77
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 下妾, 三妻四妾 (sānqīsìqiè), 三房四妾, 主妾, 仙妾, 侍妾 (shìqiè), 僕妾, 仆妾, 先妾, 兒妾, 儿妾, 內妾, 内妾, 副妾, 園妾, 园妾, 團扇妾, 团扇妾, 女妾, 妃妾, 妓妾, 妾人, 妾侍 (qièshì), 妾勢, 妾势, 妾妃, 妻妾 (qīqiè), 妾婦, 妾妇, 妾媵, 妾御, 妾身 (qièshēn), 妾身未明, 妾魚, 妾鱼, 姻妾, 姬妾 (jīqiè), 婢妾 (bìqiè), 婢妾魚, 婢妾鱼, 媵妾, 嫡妾, 嬌妻美妾, 娇妻美妾, 嬖妾, 嬪妾, 嫔妾, 孤妾, 孽妾, 室妾, 宮妾, 宫妾, 寵妾, 宠妾, 小妾, 庶妾, 微妾, 愛妾, 爱妾, 愛妾換馬, 爱妾换马, 换妾, 換妾, 棄妾, 弃妾, 榜妾, 江妾, 津妾, 灶妾, 班妾, 班妾辭輦, 班妾辞辇, 男妾 (nánqiè), 畜妾, 竈妾, 童妾, 箕帚妾, 納妾 (nàqiè), 纳妾 (nàqiè), 老妾, 臣妾, 處妾, 处妾, 蛟妾, 蠶妾, 蚕妾, 衾裯妾, 讒妾, 谗妾, 貧妾, 贫妾, 貴妾, 贵妾, 賤妾 (jiànqiè), 贱妾 (jiànqiè), 還妾, 还妾, 鄭家婢妾, 郑家婢妾, 長妾, 长妾, 陵園妾, 陵园妾, 陪妾, 隸妾, 隶妾, 隸臣妾, 隶臣妾, 雨師妾, 雨师妾, 驕妾, 骄妾, 鬻妾, 鬼妾, 麗妾, 丽妾

Download JSON data for 妾 meaning in Chinese (17.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "下妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sānqīsìqiè",
      "word": "三妻四妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "三房四妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "主妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仙妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shìqiè",
      "word": "侍妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "先妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "兒妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "儿妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "內妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "内妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "副妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "園妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "园妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "團扇妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "团扇妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "女妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妃妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妓妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾人"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "qièshì",
      "word": "妾侍"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾勢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾势"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾妃"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "qīqiè",
      "word": "妻妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾婦"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾妇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾媵"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾御"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "qièshēn",
      "word": "妾身"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾身未明"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾魚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "妾鱼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "姻妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jīqiè",
      "word": "姬妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bìqiè",
      "word": "婢妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "婢妾魚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "婢妾鱼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "媵妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "嫡妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "嬌妻美妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "娇妻美妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "嬖妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "嬪妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "嫔妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "孤妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "孽妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "室妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "宮妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "宫妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "寵妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "宠妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "小妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "庶妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "微妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "愛妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "爱妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "愛妾換馬"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "爱妾换马"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "换妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "換妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "棄妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "弃妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "榜妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "江妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "津妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "灶妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "班妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "班妾辭輦"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "班妾辞辇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nánqiè",
      "word": "男妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "畜妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "竈妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "童妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "箕帚妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nàqiè",
      "word": "納妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nàqiè",
      "word": "纳妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "老妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "臣妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "處妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "处妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蛟妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蠶妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蚕妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "衾裯妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "讒妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "谗妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "貧妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "贫妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "貴妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "贵妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jiànqiè",
      "word": "賤妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jiànqiè",
      "word": "贱妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "還妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "还妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鄭家婢妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "郑家婢妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "長妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "长妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "陵園妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "陵园妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "陪妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "隸妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "隶妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "隸臣妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "隶臣妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "雨師妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "雨师妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "驕妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "骄妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鬻妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鬼妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "麗妾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "丽妾"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "妾"
          },
          "expansion": "妾",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "妾",
            "2": "しょう",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "妾(しょう) (shō)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "첩(妾)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "thiếp",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "妾"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "妾",
            "2": "しょう",
            "3": "첩",
            "4": "thiếp",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "妾",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "妾",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "妾",
            "v": "妾",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (妾):\n* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)\n* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)\n* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "しょう",
            "3": "첩",
            "4": "thiếp"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (妾):\n* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)\n* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)\n* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (妾):\n* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)\n* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)\n* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han pictograms"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p",
        "nocap": "yes"
      },
      "expansion": "pictogram (象形)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*女"
      },
      "expansion": "女",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*立"
      },
      "expansion": "立",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ic",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "y",
        "pron": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意/会意)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "辛",
        "2": "女",
        "ls": "ic",
        "nocap": "y",
        "t1": "torture device",
        "t2": "woman"
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "捷",
        "2": "victory; booty"
      },
      "expansion": "捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nPossibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立.\nAlternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal.\nCognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "妾",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When horses or oxen run about in heat, or when slaves and slave women abscond, do not dare go away [from the camp] and pursue them; but if you [catch them and] respectfully return them, I will reward you.",
          "ref": "From: The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE",
          "roman": "Mǎ niú qí fēng, chén qiè būtáo, wù gǎn yuè zhú, zhī fù zhī, wǒ shāng lài rǔ. [Pinyin]",
          "text": "馬牛其風,臣妾逋逃,勿敢越逐,祗復之,我商賚汝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]\n马牛其风,臣妾逋逃,勿敢越逐,祗复之,我商赉汝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slave woman"
      ],
      "id": "en-妾-zh-character-Lfbo5d0O",
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ],
        [
          "woman",
          "woman"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 2 0",
          "roman": "nǚnú",
          "sense": "slave woman",
          "word": "女奴"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 87 1 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Female",
          "orig": "zh:Female",
          "parents": [
            "Gender",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 81 6 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "zh:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 78 3 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Slavery",
          "orig": "zh:Slavery",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "Work",
            "All topics",
            "Human activity",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The first injunction in their agreement was, \"Slay the unfilial; change not the son who has been appointed heir; exalt not a concubine to be the wife.\"",
          "ref": "From: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
          "roman": "Chū mìng yuē: “Zhū bùxiào, wú yì shùzǐ, wú yǐ qiè wèi qī.” [Pinyin]",
          "text": "初命曰:「誅不孝,無易樹子,無以妾為妻。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]\n初命曰:「诛不孝,无易树子,无以妾为妻。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "concubine"
      ],
      "id": "en-妾-zh-character-~LfYrhmr",
      "links": [
        [
          "concubine",
          "concubine"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I have a golden hairpin: my jewelry when I was married. Today I give it to you as you leave; long shall we remember each other, a thousand miles away.",
          "ref": "From: 《效崔國輔體》, Heo Nanseolheon, early 1600s",
          "roman": "Cheop yu hwanggeum chae, ga si wi susik. Geumil jeung gun haeng, cheol li jang sang eok. [Sino-Korean]",
          "text": "妾有黃金釵,嫁時爲首飾。今日贈君行,千里長相憶。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "I; me (used by women to show modesty)"
      ],
      "id": "en-妾-zh-character-PZQji5QN",
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "I",
          "I"
        ],
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, humble) I; me (used by women to show modesty)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "humble"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 19 10 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 17 7 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 17 6 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 17 6 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname"
      ],
      "id": "en-妾-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qie⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jie²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qie²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cip³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiap²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiet"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiab⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chiĕ"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chiék"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciab⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁷chiq"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "cie⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chyè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chieh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "це"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ce"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cip³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsip⁸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qib³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiːp̚³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiap²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiap̚⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiet"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiab`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qied`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiab⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiad⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯et̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiĕ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiék"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiab"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiap"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁷chiq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chih^入"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁴qiq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cie⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshjep"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[tsʰ]ap/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sʰeb/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiːp̚³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiap̚⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯et̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[tsʰ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sʰeb/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "妾"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese pronouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Eastern Min pronouns",
    "Eastern Min proper nouns",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Northern Min lemmas",
    "Northern Min nouns",
    "Northern Min pronouns",
    "Northern Min proper nouns",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "zh:Female",
    "zh:People",
    "zh:Slavery"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "下妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sānqīsìqiè",
      "word": "三妻四妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "三房四妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "主妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "仙妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shìqiè",
      "word": "侍妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "先妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "兒妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "儿妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "內妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "内妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "副妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "園妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "园妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "團扇妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "团扇妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "女妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "妃妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "妓妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾人"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qièshì",
      "word": "妾侍"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾勢"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾势"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾妃"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qīqiè",
      "word": "妻妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾婦"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾妇"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾媵"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾御"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qièshēn",
      "word": "妾身"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾身未明"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾魚"
    },
    {
      "word": "妾鱼"
    },
    {
      "word": "姻妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīqiè",
      "word": "姬妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìqiè",
      "word": "婢妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "婢妾魚"
    },
    {
      "word": "婢妾鱼"
    },
    {
      "word": "媵妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "嫡妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "嬌妻美妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "娇妻美妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "嬖妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "嬪妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "嫔妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "孤妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "孽妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "室妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "宮妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "宫妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "寵妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "宠妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "小妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "庶妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "微妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "愛妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "爱妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "愛妾換馬"
    },
    {
      "word": "爱妾换马"
    },
    {
      "word": "换妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "換妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "棄妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "弃妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "榜妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "江妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "津妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "灶妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "班妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "班妾辭輦"
    },
    {
      "word": "班妾辞辇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nánqiè",
      "word": "男妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "畜妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "竈妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "童妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "箕帚妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nàqiè",
      "word": "納妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nàqiè",
      "word": "纳妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "老妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "臣妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "處妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "处妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "蛟妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "蠶妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "蚕妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "衾裯妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "讒妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "谗妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "貧妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "贫妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "貴妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "贵妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiànqiè",
      "word": "賤妾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiànqiè",
      "word": "贱妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "還妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "还妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "鄭家婢妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "郑家婢妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "長妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "长妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "陵園妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "陵园妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "陪妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "隸妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "隶妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "隸臣妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "隶臣妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "雨師妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "雨师妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "驕妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "骄妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "鬻妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "鬼妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "麗妾"
    },
    {
      "word": "丽妾"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "妾"
          },
          "expansion": "妾",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "妾",
            "2": "しょう",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "妾(しょう) (shō)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "첩(妾)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "thiếp",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "妾"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "妾",
            "2": "しょう",
            "3": "첩",
            "4": "thiếp",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "妾",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "妾",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "妾",
            "v": "妾",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (妾):\n* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)\n* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)\n* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "しょう",
            "3": "첩",
            "4": "thiếp"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (妾):\n* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)\n* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)\n* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (妾):\n* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)\n* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)\n* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han pictograms"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p",
        "nocap": "yes"
      },
      "expansion": "pictogram (象形)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*女"
      },
      "expansion": "女",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*立"
      },
      "expansion": "立",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ic",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "y",
        "pron": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意/会意)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "辛",
        "2": "女",
        "ls": "ic",
        "nocap": "y",
        "t1": "torture device",
        "t2": "woman"
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "捷",
        "2": "victory; booty"
      },
      "expansion": "捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nPossibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立.\nAlternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal.\nCognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "妾",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When horses or oxen run about in heat, or when slaves and slave women abscond, do not dare go away [from the camp] and pursue them; but if you [catch them and] respectfully return them, I will reward you.",
          "ref": "From: The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE",
          "roman": "Mǎ niú qí fēng, chén qiè būtáo, wù gǎn yuè zhú, zhī fù zhī, wǒ shāng lài rǔ. [Pinyin]",
          "text": "馬牛其風,臣妾逋逃,勿敢越逐,祗復之,我商賚汝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]\n马牛其风,臣妾逋逃,勿敢越逐,祗复之,我商赉汝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slave woman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ],
        [
          "woman",
          "woman"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The first injunction in their agreement was, \"Slay the unfilial; change not the son who has been appointed heir; exalt not a concubine to be the wife.\"",
          "ref": "From: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
          "roman": "Chū mìng yuē: “Zhū bùxiào, wú yì shùzǐ, wú yǐ qiè wèi qī.” [Pinyin]",
          "text": "初命曰:「誅不孝,無易樹子,無以妾為妻。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]\n初命曰:「诛不孝,无易树子,无以妾为妻。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "concubine"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "concubine",
          "concubine"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese humble terms",
        "Chinese terms with archaic senses",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I have a golden hairpin: my jewelry when I was married. Today I give it to you as you leave; long shall we remember each other, a thousand miles away.",
          "ref": "From: 《效崔國輔體》, Heo Nanseolheon, early 1600s",
          "roman": "Cheop yu hwanggeum chae, ga si wi susik. Geumil jeung gun haeng, cheol li jang sang eok. [Sino-Korean]",
          "text": "妾有黃金釵,嫁時爲首飾。今日贈君行,千里長相憶。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "I; me (used by women to show modesty)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "I",
          "I"
        ],
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, humble) I; me (used by women to show modesty)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "humble"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese surnames"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qie⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jie²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qie²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cip³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiap²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiet"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiab⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chiĕ"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chiék"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciab⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁷chiq"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "cie⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chyè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chieh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "це"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ce"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cip³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsip⁸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qib³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiːp̚³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiap²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiap̚⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiet"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiab`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qied`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiab⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiad⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯et̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiĕ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiék"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiap"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiab"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiap"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁷chiq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chih^入"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁴qiq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cie⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshjep"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[tsʰ]ap/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sʰeb/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiːp̚³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiap̚⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯et̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiap̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[tsʰ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sʰeb/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "nǚnú",
      "sense": "slave woman",
      "word": "女奴"
    }
  ],
  "word": "妾"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "妾"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "妾",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.