"一鼓作氣" meaning in Chinese

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        "1": "^公 與 之 乘。戰 於 @^長勺。^公 將 鼓 之。^@劌 曰：『未可。』^齊 人 三 鼓，^@劌 曰：『可 矣。』^齊 師 敗績。……既 克，^公 問 其 故。對 曰：『夫{fú} 戰，勇氣 也，一鼓.作.氣，再 而 衰，三 而 竭。彼 竭 我 盈，故 克 之。……",
        "2": "The duke took him with him in his chariot. The battle was fought in Changshao. The duke was about to order the drums to beat an advance, when Gui said, \"Not yet;\" and after the men of Qi had advanced three times with their drums beating, he said, \"Now is the time.\" The army of Qi received a severe defeat; … When the victoiy had been secured, the duke asked Gui the reasons of what he had done. \"In fighting,\" was the reply, \"all depends on the courageous spirit. When the drums first beat, that excites the spirit. A second advance occasions a diminution of the spirit; and with a third, it is exhausted. With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them. …",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "ref": "Zuozhuan-L"
      },
      "expansion": "公與之乘。戰於長勺。公將鼓之。劌曰：『未可。』齊人三鼓，劌曰：『可矣。』齊師敗績。……既克，公問其故。對曰：『夫戰，勇氣也，一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]公与之乘。战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿曰：『未可。』齐人三鼓，刿曰：『可矣。』齐师败绩。……既克，公问其故。对曰：『夫战，勇气也，一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nGōng yǔ zhī chéng. Zhàn yú Chángsháo. Gōng jiāng gǔ zhī. Guì yuē: ‘Wèikě.’ Qí rén sān gǔ, Guì yuē: ‘Kě yǐ.’ Qí shī bàijì....... Jì kè, Gōng wèn qí gù. Duì yuē: ‘Fú zhàn, yǒngqì yě, yīgǔ zuò qì, zài ér shuāi, sān ér jié. Bǐ jié wǒ yíng, gù kè zhī....... [Pinyin]\nThe duke took him with him in his chariot. The battle was fought in Changshao. The duke was about to order the drums to beat an advance, when Gui said, \"Not yet;\" and after the men of Qi had advanced three times with their drums beating, he said, \"Now is the time.\" The army of Qi received a severe defeat; … When the victoiy had been secured, the duke asked Gui the reasons of what he had done. \"In fighting,\" was the reply, \"all depends on the courageous spirit. When the drums first beat, that excites the spirit. A second advance occasions a diminution of the spirit; and with a third, it is exhausted. With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them. …",
      "name": "zh-x"
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Zuo Zhuan, regrading Cao Gui's (曹劌) tactics in the Battle of Changshao (《左傳·莊公十年》):\n:\n公與之乘。戰於長勺。公將鼓之。劌曰：『未可。』齊人三鼓，劌曰：『可矣。』齊師敗績。……既克，公問其故。對曰：『夫戰，勇氣也，一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]公与之乘。战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿曰：『未可。』齐人三鼓，刿曰：『可矣。』齐师败绩。……既克，公问其故。对曰：『夫战，勇气也，一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nGōng yǔ zhī chéng. Zhàn yú Chángsháo. Gōng jiāng gǔ zhī. Guì yuē: ‘Wèikě.’ Qí rén sān gǔ, Guì yuē: ‘Kě yǐ.’ Qí shī bàijì....... Jì kè, Gōng wèn qí gù. Duì yuē: ‘Fú zhàn, yǒngqì yě, yīgǔ zuò qì, zài ér shuāi, sān ér jié. Bǐ jié wǒ yíng, gù kè zhī....... [Pinyin]\nThe duke took him with him in his chariot. The battle was fought in Changshao. The duke was about to order the drums to beat an advance, when Gui said, \"Not yet;\" and after the men of Qi had advanced three times with their drums beating, he said, \"Now is the time.\" The army of Qi received a severe defeat; … When the victoiy had been secured, the duke asked Gui the reasons of what he had done. \"In fighting,\" was the reply, \"all depends on the courageous spirit. When the drums first beat, that excites the spirit. A second advance occasions a diminution of the spirit; and with a third, it is exhausted. With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them. …",
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      "expansion": "一鼓作氣",
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  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "phrase",
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          "name": "Mandarin words containing 一 undergoing tone sandhi to the fourth tone",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
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      "glosses": [
        "to accomplish in one vigorous effort"
      ],
      "id": "en-一鼓作氣-zh-phrase-HtLpLwFM",
      "links": [
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          "accomplish",
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          "vigorous",
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          "effort",
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to accomplish in one vigorous effort"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "再衰三竭"
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      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "literary"
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      "wikipedia": [
        "Battle of Changshao",
        "Zuo Zhuan"
      ]
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  "sounds": [
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      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
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      "zh-pron": "yīgǔzuòqì"
    },
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      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
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      "zh-pron": "ㄧ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄧˋ"
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      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
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      "zh-pron": "jat¹ gu² zok³ hei³"
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        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
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      "zh-pron": "yīgǔzuòqì [Phonetic:yìgǔzuòqì]"
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        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
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      "zh-pron": "yigǔzuòcì"
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        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
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      "zh-pron": "i¹-ku³-tso⁴-chʻi⁴"
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        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
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      "zh-pron": "yī-gǔ-dzwò-chì"
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    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
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      "zh-pron": "iguutzuohchih"
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      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "игуцзоци"
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    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iguczoci"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
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    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
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      "zh-pron": "yāt gú jok hei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jat⁷ gu² dzok⁸ hei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yed¹ gu² zog³ héi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐt̚⁵ kuː³⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³ hei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
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    {
      "other": "[Phonetic: yìgǔzuòqì]"
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    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐt̚⁵ kuː³⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³ hei̯³³/"
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  "word": "一鼓作氣"
}

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        "2": "(《左傳·莊公十年》)"
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      "args": {
        "1": "^公 與 之 乘。戰 於 @^長勺。^公 將 鼓 之。^@劌 曰：『未可。』^齊 人 三 鼓，^@劌 曰：『可 矣。』^齊 師 敗績。……既 克，^公 問 其 故。對 曰：『夫{fú} 戰，勇氣 也，一鼓.作.氣，再 而 衰，三 而 竭。彼 竭 我 盈，故 克 之。……",
        "2": "The duke took him with him in his chariot. The battle was fought in Changshao. The duke was about to order the drums to beat an advance, when Gui said, \"Not yet;\" and after the men of Qi had advanced three times with their drums beating, he said, \"Now is the time.\" The army of Qi received a severe defeat; … When the victoiy had been secured, the duke asked Gui the reasons of what he had done. \"In fighting,\" was the reply, \"all depends on the courageous spirit. When the drums first beat, that excites the spirit. A second advance occasions a diminution of the spirit; and with a third, it is exhausted. With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them. …",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "ref": "Zuozhuan-L"
      },
      "expansion": "公與之乘。戰於長勺。公將鼓之。劌曰：『未可。』齊人三鼓，劌曰：『可矣。』齊師敗績。……既克，公問其故。對曰：『夫戰，勇氣也，一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]公与之乘。战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿曰：『未可。』齐人三鼓，刿曰：『可矣。』齐师败绩。……既克，公问其故。对曰：『夫战，勇气也，一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nGōng yǔ zhī chéng. Zhàn yú Chángsháo. Gōng jiāng gǔ zhī. Guì yuē: ‘Wèikě.’ Qí rén sān gǔ, Guì yuē: ‘Kě yǐ.’ Qí shī bàijì....... Jì kè, Gōng wèn qí gù. Duì yuē: ‘Fú zhàn, yǒngqì yě, yīgǔ zuò qì, zài ér shuāi, sān ér jié. Bǐ jié wǒ yíng, gù kè zhī....... [Pinyin]\nThe duke took him with him in his chariot. The battle was fought in Changshao. The duke was about to order the drums to beat an advance, when Gui said, \"Not yet;\" and after the men of Qi had advanced three times with their drums beating, he said, \"Now is the time.\" The army of Qi received a severe defeat; … When the victoiy had been secured, the duke asked Gui the reasons of what he had done. \"In fighting,\" was the reply, \"all depends on the courageous spirit. When the drums first beat, that excites the spirit. A second advance occasions a diminution of the spirit; and with a third, it is exhausted. With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them. …",
      "name": "zh-x"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Zuo Zhuan, regrading Cao Gui's (曹劌) tactics in the Battle of Changshao (《左傳·莊公十年》):\n:\n公與之乘。戰於長勺。公將鼓之。劌曰：『未可。』齊人三鼓，劌曰：『可矣。』齊師敗績。……既克，公問其故。對曰：『夫戰，勇氣也，一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]公与之乘。战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿曰：『未可。』齐人三鼓，刿曰：『可矣。』齐师败绩。……既克，公问其故。对曰：『夫战，勇气也，一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nGōng yǔ zhī chéng. Zhàn yú Chángsháo. Gōng jiāng gǔ zhī. Guì yuē: ‘Wèikě.’ Qí rén sān gǔ, Guì yuē: ‘Kě yǐ.’ Qí shī bàijì....... Jì kè, Gōng wèn qí gù. Duì yuē: ‘Fú zhàn, yǒngqì yě, yīgǔ zuò qì, zài ér shuāi, sān ér jié. Bǐ jié wǒ yíng, gù kè zhī....... [Pinyin]\nThe duke took him with him in his chariot. The battle was fought in Changshao. The duke was about to order the drums to beat an advance, when Gui said, \"Not yet;\" and after the men of Qi had advanced three times with their drums beating, he said, \"Now is the time.\" The army of Qi received a severe defeat; … When the victoiy had been secured, the duke asked Gui the reasons of what he had done. \"In fighting,\" was the reply, \"all depends on the courageous spirit. When the drums first beat, that excites the spirit. A second advance occasions a diminution of the spirit; and with a third, it is exhausted. With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them. …",
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      "expansion": "一鼓作氣",
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  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "phrase",
  "related": [
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      "word": "再衰三竭"
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        "Chinese four-character idioms",
        "Chinese four-character idioms derived from the Zuo Zhuan",
        "Chinese idioms",
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      "glosses": [
        "to accomplish in one vigorous effort"
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          "accomplish",
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        "(literary) to accomplish in one vigorous effort"
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        "Battle of Changshao",
        "Zuo Zhuan"
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      "zh-pron": "yīgǔzuòqì"
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        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
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      "zh-pron": "ㄧ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄧˋ"
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        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
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      "zh-pron": "jat¹ gu² zok³ hei³"
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        "Mandarin"
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      "zh-pron": "yīgǔzuòqì [Phonetic:yìgǔzuòqì]"
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        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
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      "zh-pron": "yigǔzuòcì"
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      "tags": [
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        "Wade-Giles"
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      "zh-pron": "i¹-ku³-tso⁴-chʻi⁴"
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        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
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      "zh-pron": "yī-gǔ-dzwò-chì"
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        "Mandarin"
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      "zh-pron": "iguutzuohchih"
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        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "игуцзоци"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iguczoci"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yāt gú jok hei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jat⁷ gu² dzok⁸ hei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yed¹ gu² zog³ héi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐt̚⁵ kuː³⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³ hei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[Phonetic: yìgǔzuòqì]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐt̚⁵ kuː³⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³ hei̯³³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "一鼓作氣"
}