龜茲 in Chinese

IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/, /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/ Chinese transliterations: Qiūcí [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄑㄧㄡㄘˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], kau¹ ci⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], gau¹ ci⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Qiūcí [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Cioucíh [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Chyōu-tsź [Mandarin, Yale], Chioutsyr [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Цюцы [Mandarin, Palladius], Cjucy [Mandarin, Palladius], kāu chìh [Cantonese, Yale], gāu chìh [Cantonese, Yale], kau¹ tsi⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gau¹ tsi⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], keo¹ qi⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], geo¹ qi⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], kjuw dzi [Middle-Chinese], /*kʷɯ zɯ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang] Forms: 龟兹 [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|endonym}} endonym, {{der|zh|txb|*Kuśi}} Tocharian B *Kuśi, {{zh-ref|Adams, 2013}} Adams, 2013, {{der|zh|ine-toc-pro|*kući(ye)}} Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye), {{cog|pra-niy|𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁|t=kingdom of Kuci}} Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”), {{cog|ine-pro|*ḱewk-|t=shining, white}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”) Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 龜茲

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "endonym"
      },
      "expansion": "endonym",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "txb",
        "3": "*Kuśi"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B *Kuśi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Adams, 2013"
      },
      "expansion": "Adams, 2013",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "ine-toc-pro",
        "3": "*kući(ye)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pra-niy",
        "2": "𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁",
        "t": "kingdom of Kuci"
      },
      "expansion": "Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱewk-",
        "t": "shining, white"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "龟兹",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "龜茲",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
      ],
      "id": "en-龜茲-zh-name-PQuysjQE",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kucha",
          "Kucha"
        ],
        [
          "Kuchar",
          "Kuchar"
        ],
        [
          "Aksu",
          "Aksu#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Kùchē",
          "word": "庫車／库车"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kùchē",
          "word": "庫車"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kùchē",
          "word": "库车"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Book of Han"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Cioucíh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chyōu-tsź"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chioutsyr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Цюцы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Cjucy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kāu chìh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāu chìh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kau¹ tsi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gau¹ tsi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keo¹ qi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "geo¹ qi⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kjuw dzi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "龜茲"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "endonym"
      },
      "expansion": "endonym",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "txb",
        "3": "*Kuśi"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B *Kuśi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Adams, 2013"
      },
      "expansion": "Adams, 2013",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "ine-toc-pro",
        "3": "*kući(ye)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pra-niy",
        "2": "𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁",
        "t": "kingdom of Kuci"
      },
      "expansion": "Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱewk-",
        "t": "shining, white"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "龟兹",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "龜茲",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese proper nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese proper nouns",
        "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
        "Chinese terms derived from Tocharian B",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin proper nouns",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Old Chinese lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kucha",
          "Kucha"
        ],
        [
          "Kuchar",
          "Kuchar"
        ],
        [
          "Aksu",
          "Aksu#English"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Book of Han"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Cioucíh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chyōu-tsź"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chioutsyr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Цюцы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Cjucy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kāu chìh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāu chìh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kau¹ tsi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gau¹ tsi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keo¹ qi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "geo¹ qi⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kjuw dzi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Kùchē",
      "word": "庫車／库车"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kùchē",
      "word": "庫車"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kùchē",
      "word": "库车"
    }
  ],
  "word": "龜茲"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "龜茲"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "龜茲",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "龜茲"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "龜茲",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"龜茲" meaning in Chinese

Proper name