See 龜茲 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "endonym"
},
"expansion": "endonym",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "txb",
"3": "*Kuśi"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B *Kuśi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Adams, 2013"
},
"expansion": "Adams, 2013",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*kući(ye)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-niy",
"2": "𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁",
"t": "kingdom of Kuci"
},
"expansion": "Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱewk-",
"t": "shining, white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "龟兹",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "龜茲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
],
"id": "en-龜茲-zh-name-PQuysjQE",
"links": [
[
"Kucha",
"Kucha"
],
[
"Kuchar",
"Kuchar"
],
[
"Aksu",
"Aksu#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "庫車"
},
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "库车"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Han"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Cioucíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Chyōu-tsź"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Chioutsyr"
},
{
"roman": "Cjucy",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Цюцы"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kāu chìh"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gāu chìh"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "keo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "geo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "kjuw dzi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
}
],
"word": "龜茲"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "endonym"
},
"expansion": "endonym",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "txb",
"3": "*Kuśi"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B *Kuśi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Adams, 2013"
},
"expansion": "Adams, 2013",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*kući(ye)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-niy",
"2": "𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁",
"t": "kingdom of Kuci"
},
"expansion": "Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱewk-",
"t": "shining, white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "龟兹",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "龜茲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
"Chinese terms derived from Tocharian B",
"Chinese terms spelled with 茲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 龜",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kucha",
"Kucha"
],
[
"Kuchar",
"Kuchar"
],
[
"Aksu",
"Aksu#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Han"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Cioucíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Chyōu-tsź"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Chioutsyr"
},
{
"roman": "Cjucy",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Цюцы"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kāu chìh"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gāu chìh"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "keo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "geo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "kjuw dzi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "庫車"
},
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "库车"
}
],
"word": "龜茲"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 龜茲 meaning in Chinese (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.