"賀蘭" meaning in Chinese

See 賀蘭 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /hɔː²² laːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/, /hɔː²² laːn²¹/ Chinese transliterations: Hèlán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ho⁶ laan⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Hèlán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Hèlán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Ho⁴-lan² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Hè-lán [Mandarin, Yale], Hehlan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Хэлань [Mandarin, Palladius], Xɛlanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], hoh làahn [Cantonese, Yale], ho⁶ laan⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ho⁶ lan⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization] Forms: 贺兰
Etymology templates: {{zh-wp}} Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 賀蘭
  1. Short for 賀蘭山/贺兰山 (Hèlán Shān). Tags: abbreviation, alt-of Alternative form of: 賀蘭山 (extra: Hèlán Shān), 贺兰山 (extra: Hèlán Shān)
    Sense id: en-賀蘭-zh-name-lW7qomlF Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 40 49 8 3 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 47 36 9 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 38 8 5
  2. (~縣) Helan County (a county of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China) Categories (place): Counties of China, Places in China, Places in Ningxia
    Sense id: en-賀蘭-zh-name-0D8986TW Categories (other): English links with redundant alt parameters, English links with redundant wikilinks, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 40 49 8 3
  3. a surname
    Sense id: en-賀蘭-zh-name-v2O7m9sM Categories (other): Chinese surnames
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Proper name

IPA: /xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /hɔː²² laːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/, /hɔː²² laːn²¹/ Chinese transliterations: Hèlán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ho⁶ laan⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Hèlán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Hèlán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Ho⁴-lan² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Hè-lán [Mandarin, Yale], Hehlan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Хэлань [Mandarin, Palladius], Xɛlanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], hoh làahn [Cantonese, Yale], ho⁶ laan⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ho⁶ lan⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization] Forms: 贺兰
Etymology: From English Holland. Etymology templates: {{bor|zh|en|Holland}} English Holland Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 賀蘭
  1. (obsolete) the Netherlands Tags: obsolete Synonyms: 荷蘭 (Hélán) [modern], 荷兰 (Hélán) [modern]
    Sense id: en-賀蘭-zh-name-VoRxg5H4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "zh-wp"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "贺兰",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "賀蘭",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "Hèlán Shān",
          "word": "賀蘭山"
        },
        {
          "extra": "Hèlán Shān",
          "word": "贺兰山"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 49 8 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 36 9 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 38 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for 賀蘭山/贺兰山 (Hèlán Shān)."
      ],
      "id": "en-賀蘭-zh-name-lW7qomlF",
      "links": [
        [
          "賀蘭山",
          "賀蘭山#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "贺兰山",
          "贺兰山#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Counties of China",
          "orig": "zh:Counties of China",
          "parents": [
            "Counties",
            "Places",
            "Political subdivisions",
            "Names",
            "Polities",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in China",
          "orig": "zh:Places in China",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in Ningxia",
          "orig": "zh:Places in Ningxia",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 49 8 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Helan County (a county of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China)"
      ],
      "id": "en-賀蘭-zh-name-0D8986TW",
      "links": [
        [
          "縣",
          "縣#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Helan County",
          "w:Helan County"
        ],
        [
          "Yinchuan",
          "Yinchuan#English"
        ],
        [
          "Ningxia",
          "Ningxia#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~縣) Helan County (a county of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname"
      ],
      "id": "en-賀蘭-zh-name-v2O7m9sM",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho⁴-lan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hè-lán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hehlan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэлань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoh làahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ lan⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "賀蘭"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "Holland"
      },
      "expansion": "English Holland",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From English Holland.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "贺兰",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "賀蘭",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "the Netherlands"
      ],
      "id": "en-賀蘭-zh-name-VoRxg5H4",
      "links": [
        [
          "Netherlands",
          "Netherlands"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) the Netherlands"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Hélán",
          "tags": [
            "modern"
          ],
          "word": "荷蘭"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Hélán",
          "tags": [
            "modern"
          ],
          "word": "荷兰"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho⁴-lan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hè-lán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hehlan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэлань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoh làahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ lan⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "賀蘭"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from English",
    "Chinese terms derived from English",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 蘭",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 賀",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "zh-wp"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "贺兰",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "賀蘭",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "Hèlán Shān",
          "word": "賀蘭山"
        },
        {
          "extra": "Hèlán Shān",
          "word": "贺兰山"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Chinese short forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for 賀蘭山/贺兰山 (Hèlán Shān)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "賀蘭山",
          "賀蘭山#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "贺兰山",
          "贺兰山#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant alt parameters",
        "English links with redundant wikilinks",
        "zh:Counties of China",
        "zh:Places in China",
        "zh:Places in Ningxia"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Helan County (a county of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "縣",
          "縣#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Helan County",
          "w:Helan County"
        ],
        [
          "Yinchuan",
          "Yinchuan#English"
        ],
        [
          "Ningxia",
          "Ningxia#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~縣) Helan County (a county of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese surnames"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho⁴-lan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hè-lán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hehlan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэлань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoh làahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ lan⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "賀蘭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from English",
    "Chinese terms derived from English",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 蘭",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 賀",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "Holland"
      },
      "expansion": "English Holland",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From English Holland.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "贺兰",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "賀蘭",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Netherlands"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Netherlands",
          "Netherlands"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) the Netherlands"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hèlán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ho⁴-lan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hè-lán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Hehlan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Хэлань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Xɛlanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoh làahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ laan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ho⁶ lan⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔː²² laːn²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Hélán",
      "tags": [
        "modern"
      ],
      "word": "荷蘭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Hélán",
      "tags": [
        "modern"
      ],
      "word": "荷兰"
    }
  ],
  "word": "賀蘭"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 賀蘭 meaning in Chinese (4.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "賀蘭"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "賀蘭",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "賀蘭"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "賀蘭",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~縣",
  "path": [
    "賀蘭"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "賀蘭",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~縣",
  "path": [
    "賀蘭"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "賀蘭",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.