自研 in Chinese

IPA: /t͡sz̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /t͡siː²² jiːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sz̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/, /t͡siː²² jiːn²¹/ Chinese transliterations: zìyán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄗˋ ㄧㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], zi⁶ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], zìyán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄗˋ ㄧㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], zìhyán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], tzŭ⁴-yen² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], dz̀-yán [Mandarin, Yale, standard], tzyhyan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], цзыянь [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], czyjanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], zi⁶ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], jih yìhn [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], dzi⁶ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], ji⁶ yin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 自研

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "自研",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to independently develop (a technology or product)"
      ],
      "id": "en-自研-zh-verb-vV-uYTNF",
      "links": [
        [
          "independently",
          "independently"
        ],
        [
          "develop",
          "develop"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of an organization, etc.) to independently develop (a technology or product)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of an organization"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zìyán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zìyán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zìhyán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzŭ⁴-yen²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dz̀-yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzyhyan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзыянь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czyjanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jih yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzi⁶ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁶ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siː²² jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siː²² jiːn²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "自研"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "自研",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese terms with homophones",
        "Cantonese verbs",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 研",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 自",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese verbs",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to independently develop (a technology or product)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "independently",
          "independently"
        ],
        [
          "develop",
          "develop"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of an organization, etc.) to independently develop (a technology or product)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of an organization"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zìyán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zìyán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zìhyán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzŭ⁴-yen²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dz̀-yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzyhyan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзыянь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czyjanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jih yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzi⁶ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁶ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siː²² jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siː²² jiːn²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "自研"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"自研" meaning in Chinese

Verb