See 穹蒼 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 穹蒼 meaning in Chinese (6.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "穹蒼"
},
"expansion": "穹蒼",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "穹%蒼",
"2": "きゅう%そう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "궁창(穹蒼)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "穹蒼",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "穹蒼",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khung thương",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "穹蒼"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "穹蒼",
"2": "きゅう%そう",
"3": "궁창",
"4": "khung thương",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "穹蒼",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "穹蒼",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "穹%蒼",
"v": "穹蒼",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (穹蒼):\n* → Japanese: 穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)\n* → Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)\n* → Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "きゅう%そう",
"3": "궁창",
"4": "khung thương",
"j": "穹%蒼"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (穹蒼):\n* → Japanese: 穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)\n* → Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)\n* → Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (穹蒼):\n* → Japanese: 穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)\n* → Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)\n* → Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "穹蒼",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The district is in sorrow.\nAll is in peril and going to ruin;\nI have no strength [to do anything],\nAnd think of [the Power in] the azure vault.",
"ref": "哀恫中國，具贅卒荒。靡有旅力，以念穹蒼。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "哀恫中国，具赘卒荒。靡有旅力，以念穹苍。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nĀitōng Zhōngguó, jù zhuì zú huāng. Mǐ yǒu lǚlì, yǐ niàn qióngcāng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmament; sky"
],
"id": "en-穹蒼-zh-noun-ncpSM-EU",
"links": [
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) firmament; sky"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"word": "蒼天／苍天"
},
{
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"word": "蒼天"
},
{
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"word": "苍天"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qióngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiōngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄘㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄩㄥ ㄘㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴ cong¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiûng-chhông"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiong-chhong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qióngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cyóngcang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻiung²-tsʻang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyúng-tsāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chyongtsang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цюнцан"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cjuncan"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiōngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cyongcang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻiung¹-tsʻang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyūng-tsāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chiongtsang"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kùhng chōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴ tsong¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴ cong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiûng-chhông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "giung´ cong´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "giung¹ cong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiong-chhong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiong-tshong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiongzhofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "穹蒼"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "穹蒼"
},
"expansion": "穹蒼",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "穹%蒼",
"2": "きゅう%そう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "궁창(穹蒼)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "穹蒼",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "穹蒼",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khung thương",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "穹蒼"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "穹蒼",
"2": "きゅう%そう",
"3": "궁창",
"4": "khung thương",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "穹蒼",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "穹蒼",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "穹%蒼",
"v": "穹蒼",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (穹蒼):\n* → Japanese: 穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)\n* → Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)\n* → Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "きゅう%そう",
"3": "궁창",
"4": "khung thương",
"j": "穹%蒼"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (穹蒼):\n* → Japanese: 穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)\n* → Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)\n* → Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (穹蒼):\n* → Japanese: 穹(きゅう)蒼(そう) (kyūsō)\n* → Korean: 궁창(穹蒼) (gungchang)\n* → Vietnamese: khung thương (穹蒼)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "穹蒼",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese literary terms",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The district is in sorrow.\nAll is in peril and going to ruin;\nI have no strength [to do anything],\nAnd think of [the Power in] the azure vault.",
"ref": "哀恫中國，具贅卒荒。靡有旅力，以念穹蒼。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "哀恫中国，具赘卒荒。靡有旅力，以念穹苍。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nĀitōng Zhōngguó, jù zhuì zú huāng. Mǐ yǒu lǚlì, yǐ niàn qióngcāng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmament; sky"
],
"links": [
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) firmament; sky"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qióngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiōngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄘㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄩㄥ ㄘㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴ cong¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiûng-chhông"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiong-chhong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qióngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cyóngcang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻiung²-tsʻang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyúng-tsāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chyongtsang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цюнцан"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cjuncan"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiōngcāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cyongcang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻiung¹-tsʻang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyūng-tsāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chiongtsang"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kùhng chōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴ tsong¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴ cong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiûng-chhông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "giung´ cong´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "giung¹ cong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiong-chhong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiong-tshong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiongzhofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"word": "蒼天／苍天"
},
{
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"word": "蒼天"
},
{
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"word": "苍天"
}
],
"word": "穹蒼"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"穹蒼"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "穹蒼",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺'",
"path": [
"穹蒼"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "穹蒼",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"穹蒼"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "穹蒼",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"穹蒼"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "穹蒼",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"穹蒼"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "穹蒼",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.