"白鶴" meaning in Chinese

See 白鶴 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Neipu, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Xiamen], /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Quanzhou], /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Zhangzhou], /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Taipei], /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Min-Nan], /paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/, /paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/, /pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/, /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/, /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/, /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/, /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/, /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/ Chinese transliterations: báihè [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], baak⁶ hok⁶⁻² [Cantonese, Jyutping], pha̍k-ho̍k [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pe̍h-ho̍h, báihè [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], báihè [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], pai²-ho⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], bái-hè [Mandarin, Yale, standard], bairheh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], байхэ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], bajxɛ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], baahk hók [Cantonese, Yale], baak⁹ hok⁹⁻² [Cantonese, Pinyin], bag⁶ hog⁶⁻² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], pha̍k-ho̍k [Hakka, Miaoli, Neipu, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pag hog [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Neipu, Sixian], pag⁶ hog⁶ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Neipu, Sixian], pe̍h-ho̍h [Hokkien, Min-Nan, POJ], pe̍h-ho̍h [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Tai-lo], peqhoih [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 白鹤
Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 白鶴
  1. (~街道) Baihe (a subdistrict of Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China) Categories (place): Places in China, Places in Chongqing
    Sense id: en-白鶴-zh-name-vvy5XlQQ Categories (other): Subdistricts, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 32 31 37 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 34 35 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 37 32 31
  2. (~鎮) Baihe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China) Categories (place): Places in China, Places in Hubei, China, Towns in China, Towns in Hubei, China
    Sense id: en-白鶴-zh-name-9BtQ-V7G Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 32 31 37 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 34 35 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 37 32 31

Noun

IPA: /paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Neipu, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Xiamen], /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Quanzhou], /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Zhangzhou], /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Taipei], /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Min-Nan], /paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/, /paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/, /pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/, /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/, /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/, /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/, /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/, /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/ Chinese transliterations: báihè [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], baak⁶ hok⁶⁻² [Cantonese, Jyutping], pha̍k-ho̍k [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pe̍h-ho̍h, báihè [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], báihè [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], pai²-ho⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], bái-hè [Mandarin, Yale, standard], bairheh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], байхэ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], bajxɛ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], baahk hók [Cantonese, Yale], baak⁹ hok⁹⁻² [Cantonese, Pinyin], bag⁶ hog⁶⁻² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], pha̍k-ho̍k [Hakka, Miaoli, Neipu, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pag hog [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Neipu, Sixian], pag⁶ hog⁶ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Neipu, Sixian], pe̍h-ho̍h [Hokkien, Min-Nan, POJ], pe̍h-ho̍h [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Tai-lo], peqhoih [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 白鹤
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 白鶴
  1. Siberian crane; Siberian white crane; snow crane (Grus leucogeranus) Synonyms: 白鶴兒 [Sichuan], 白鹤儿 [Sichuan], 白鶴仔 [Hakka], 白鹤仔 [Hakka] Derived forms: 劏白鶴, 㓥白鹤, 白鶴秀才, 白鹤秀才, 雲中白鶴, 云中白鹤
    Sense id: en-白鶴-zh-noun-viet5-4V Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Cranes (birds) Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 32 31 37 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 34 35 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 37 32 31 Disambiguation of Cranes (birds): 21 26 53
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "白鶴"
          },
          "expansion": "白鶴",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "백학(白鶴)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "白鶴",
            "id2": "",
            "id3": "",
            "id4": "",
            "pos": "",
            "pos2": "",
            "pos3": "",
            "pos4": "",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "白鶴",
            "2": "",
            "3": "백학",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "白鶴",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "白鶴",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "白鶴",
            "v": "白鶴",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (白鶴):\n* → Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "",
            "3": "백학"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (白鶴):\n* → Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (白鶴):\n* → Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "za",
            "2": "beghag",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Zhuang: beghag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Zhuang: beghag"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "白鹤",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "白鶴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 35 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 32 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 26 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Cranes (birds)",
          "orig": "zh:Cranes (birds)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "劏白鶴"
        },
        {
          "word": "㓥白鹤"
        },
        {
          "word": "白鶴秀才"
        },
        {
          "word": "白鹤秀才"
        },
        {
          "word": "雲中白鶴"
        },
        {
          "word": "云中白鹤"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Siberian crane; Siberian white crane; snow crane (Grus leucogeranus)"
      ],
      "id": "en-白鶴-zh-noun-viet5-4V",
      "links": [
        [
          "Siberian crane",
          "Siberian crane"
        ],
        [
          "Grus leucogeranus",
          "Grus leucogeranus#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sichuan"
          ],
          "word": "白鶴兒"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sichuan"
          ],
          "word": "白鹤儿"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka"
          ],
          "word": "白鶴仔"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka"
          ],
          "word": "白鹤仔"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁶ hok⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pai²-ho⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bái-hè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bairheh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "байхэ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bajxɛ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baahk hók"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁹ hok⁹⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bag⁶ hog⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag hog"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag⁶ hog⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peqhoih"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Min-Nan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "白鶴"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "白鹤",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "白鶴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in China",
          "orig": "zh:Places in China",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in Chongqing",
          "orig": "zh:Places in Chongqing",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Subdistricts",
          "orig": "zh:Subdistricts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 35 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 32 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Baihe (a subdistrict of Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)"
      ],
      "id": "en-白鶴-zh-name-vvy5XlQQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "街道",
          "街道#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Baihe",
          "Baihe#English"
        ],
        [
          "subdistrict",
          "subdistrict"
        ],
        [
          "Kaizhou",
          "Kaizhou#English"
        ],
        [
          "Chongqing",
          "Chongqing#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~街道) Baihe (a subdistrict of Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in China",
          "orig": "zh:Places in China",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in Hubei, China",
          "orig": "zh:Places in Hubei, China",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Towns in China",
          "orig": "zh:Towns in China",
          "parents": [
            "Towns",
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Towns in Hubei, China",
          "orig": "zh:Towns in Hubei, China",
          "parents": [
            "Towns",
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 35 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 32 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Baihe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)"
      ],
      "id": "en-白鶴-zh-name-9BtQ-V7G",
      "links": [
        [
          "鎮",
          "鎮#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Baihe",
          "Baihe#English"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "Fang",
          "Fang#English"
        ],
        [
          "Shiyan",
          "Shiyan#English"
        ],
        [
          "Hubei",
          "Hubei#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~鎮) Baihe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁶ hok⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pai²-ho⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bái-hè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bairheh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "байхэ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bajxɛ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baahk hók"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁹ hok⁹⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bag⁶ hog⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag hog"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag⁶ hog⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peqhoih"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Min-Nan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "白鶴"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 白",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 鶴",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Cranes (birds)"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "劏白鶴"
    },
    {
      "word": "㓥白鹤"
    },
    {
      "word": "白鶴秀才"
    },
    {
      "word": "白鹤秀才"
    },
    {
      "word": "雲中白鶴"
    },
    {
      "word": "云中白鹤"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "白鶴"
          },
          "expansion": "白鶴",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "백학(白鶴)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "白鶴",
            "id2": "",
            "id3": "",
            "id4": "",
            "pos": "",
            "pos2": "",
            "pos3": "",
            "pos4": "",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "白鶴",
            "2": "",
            "3": "백학",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "白鶴",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "白鶴",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "白鶴",
            "v": "白鶴",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (白鶴):\n* → Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "",
            "3": "백학"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (白鶴):\n* → Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (白鶴):\n* → Korean: 백학(白鶴) (baekhak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "za",
            "2": "beghag",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Zhuang: beghag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Zhuang: beghag"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "白鹤",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "白鶴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Siberian crane; Siberian white crane; snow crane (Grus leucogeranus)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Siberian crane",
          "Siberian crane"
        ],
        [
          "Grus leucogeranus",
          "Grus leucogeranus#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁶ hok⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pai²-ho⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bái-hè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bairheh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "байхэ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bajxɛ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baahk hók"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁹ hok⁹⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bag⁶ hog⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag hog"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag⁶ hog⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peqhoih"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Min-Nan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sichuan"
      ],
      "word": "白鶴兒"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sichuan"
      ],
      "word": "白鹤儿"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "白鶴仔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "白鹤仔"
    }
  ],
  "word": "白鶴"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 白",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 鶴",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Cranes (birds)"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "白鹤",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "白鶴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Places in China",
        "zh:Places in Chongqing",
        "zh:Subdistricts"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Baihe (a subdistrict of Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "街道",
          "街道#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Baihe",
          "Baihe#English"
        ],
        [
          "subdistrict",
          "subdistrict"
        ],
        [
          "Kaizhou",
          "Kaizhou#English"
        ],
        [
          "Chongqing",
          "Chongqing#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~街道) Baihe (a subdistrict of Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Places in China",
        "zh:Places in Hubei, China",
        "zh:Towns in China",
        "zh:Towns in Hubei, China"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Baihe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "鎮",
          "鎮#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Baihe",
          "Baihe#English"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "Fang",
          "Fang#English"
        ],
        [
          "Shiyan",
          "Shiyan#English"
        ],
        [
          "Hubei",
          "Hubei#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~鎮) Baihe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁶ hok⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˊ ㄏㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "báihè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pai²-ho⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bái-hè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bairheh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "байхэ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bajxɛ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baahk hók"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baak⁹ hok⁹⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bag⁶ hog⁶⁻²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pha̍k-ho̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag hog"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pag⁶ hog⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pe̍h-ho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peqhoih"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Min-Nan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰak̚⁵ hok̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hoʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "白鶴"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 白鶴 meaning in Chinese (9.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "白鶴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "白鶴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "白鶴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "白鶴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~街道",
  "path": [
    "白鶴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "白鶴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~街道",
  "path": [
    "白鶴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "白鶴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~鎮",
  "path": [
    "白鶴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "白鶴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~鎮",
  "path": [
    "白鶴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "白鶴",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.