See 民主 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民主"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民之主"
},
"expansion": "民之主",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant \"sovereign\", as in 民之主, or \"ruler of the people\". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean \"democracy\", \"democratic\" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 2 77 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Democracy",
"orig": "zh:Democracy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 41 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "whole-process people's democracy (officialese)",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "quán guòchéng rénmín mínzhǔ",
"text": "全過程人民民主",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "whole-process people's democracy (officialese)",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "quán guòchéng rénmín mínzhǔ",
"text": "全过程人民民主",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Education is at the root of the popularization of science and democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Pǔjí kēxué yǔ mínzhǔ, gēnzi zài jiàoyù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "普及科學與民主，根子在教育。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Education is at the root of the popularization of science and democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Pǔjí kēxué yǔ mínzhǔ, gēnzi zài jiàoyù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "普及科学与民主，根子在教育。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
45,
54
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Monarchy skews power toward the upper class; democracy skews power toward the lower class.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 鄭觀應《盛世危言·議院》 (1893)",
"roman": "Jūnzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú shàng; mínzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú xià.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "君主者，權偏於上；民主者，權偏於下。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
45,
54
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Monarchy skews power toward the upper class; democracy skews power toward the lower class.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 鄭觀應《盛世危言·議院》 (1893)",
"roman": "Jūnzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú shàng; mínzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú xià.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "君主者，权偏于上；民主者，权偏于下。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
114,
123
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
101,
107
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
33
]
],
"english": "The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜？ ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)",
"roman": "Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "美國終於產生了歷史上第一位黑人總統巴拉克·奧巴馬，這對於美國的民主政治具有劃時代的意義。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
114,
123
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
101,
107
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
33
]
],
"english": "The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜？ ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)",
"roman": "Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "美国终于产生了历史上第一位黑人总统巴拉克·奥巴马，这对于美国的民主政治具有划时代的意义。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"democracy"
],
"id": "en-民主-zh-noun-UTipYOPh",
"links": [
[
"democracy",
"democracy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 26 7 21 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
80,
93
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"english": "The words of the marquis of Qi are rude; and Zang Wenzhong remarked that when a people's lord is rude, he is sure to die.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Qíjūn zhī yǔ tōu. Zāng Wénzhòng yǒu yán yuē: ‘Mínzhǔ tōu, bì sǐ.’",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "齊君之語偷。臧文仲有言曰：『民主偷，必死。』",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
80,
93
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"english": "The words of the marquis of Qi are rude; and Zang Wenzhong remarked that when a people's lord is rude, he is sure to die.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Qíjūn zhī yǔ tōu. Zāng Wénzhòng yǒu yán yuē: ‘Mínzhǔ tōu, bì sǐ.’",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "齐君之语偷。臧文仲有言曰：『民主偷，必死。』",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monarch"
],
"id": "en-民主-zh-noun-DyfVOp4J",
"links": [
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) monarch"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 26 7 21 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"functionary; official"
],
"id": "en-民主-zh-noun-982ICzGD",
"links": [
[
"functionary",
"functionary"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) functionary; official"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁵ zu²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "min²-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "миньчжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min^ˇ zu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-tsú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "binzuo"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mîng tsú"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去 tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min-tsr"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjin tsyuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mi[ŋ] toʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*min tjoʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*min tjoʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "démókèlāxī",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "德謨克拉西"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "démókèlāxī",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "德谟克拉西"
}
],
"word": "民主"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "minzcuj",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: minzcuj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: minzcuj"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民主"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民之主"
},
"expansion": "民之主",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant \"sovereign\", as in 民之主, or \"ruler of the people\". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean \"democracy\", \"democratic\" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 26 7 21 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 41 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jīcéng mínzhǔ",
"word": "基層民主"
},
{
"roman": "jīcéng mínzhǔ",
"word": "基层民主"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔzhǔyì",
"word": "民主主義"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔzhǔyì",
"word": "民主主义"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ rénshì",
"word": "民主人士"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Gāngguǒ",
"word": "民主剛果"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Gāngguǒ",
"word": "民主刚果"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ guójiā",
"word": "民主國家"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ guójiā",
"word": "民主国家"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔxìng",
"word": "民主性"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ gǎigé",
"word": "民主改革"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ zhèngzhì",
"word": "民主政治"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ quánlì",
"word": "民主權利"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ quánlì",
"word": "民主权利"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ shèhuì zhǔyì",
"word": "民主社會主義"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ shèhuì zhǔyì",
"word": "民主社会主义"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng",
"word": "民主進步黨"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng",
"word": "民主进步党"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ jízhōngzhì",
"word": "民主集中制"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ gémìng",
"word": "民主革命"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔdǎng",
"word": "民主黨"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔdǎng",
"word": "民主党"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Dǎngpài",
"word": "民主黨派"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Dǎngpài",
"word": "民主党派"
},
{
"roman": "Mín-Méng",
"word": "民盟"
},
{
"roman": "fànmínzhǔpài",
"word": "泛民主派"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "democratic consultation",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "mínzhǔ xiéshāng",
"text": "民主協商",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "democratic consultation",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "mínzhǔ xiéshāng",
"text": "民主协商",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "people's democratic dictatorship",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "rénmín mínzhǔ zhuānzhèng",
"text": "人民民主專政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "people's democratic dictatorship",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "rénmín mínzhǔ zhuānzhèng",
"text": "人民民主专政",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"democratic"
],
"id": "en-民主-zh-adj--QcOjbAB",
"links": [
[
"democratic",
"democratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁵ zu²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "min²-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "миньчжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min^ˇ zu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-tsú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "binzuo"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mîng tsú"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去 tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min-tsr"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjin tsyuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mi[ŋ] toʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*min tjoʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*min tjoʔ/"
}
],
"word": "民主"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民主"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民之主"
},
"expansion": "民之主",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant \"sovereign\", as in 民之主, or \"ruler of the people\". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean \"democracy\", \"democratic\" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in China",
"orig": "zh:Places in China",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Hubei, China",
"orig": "zh:Places in Hubei, China",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Villages in China",
"orig": "zh:Villages in China",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Villages in Hubei, China",
"orig": "zh:Villages in Hubei, China",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 57 4 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 26 7 21 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 44 22 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Forms of government",
"orig": "zh:Forms of government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 41 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Minzhu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)"
],
"id": "en-民主-zh-name-gvPnsaJq",
"links": [
[
"村",
"村#Chinese"
],
[
"Minzhu",
"Minzhu#English"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"Zhonglu",
"Zhonglu#English"
],
[
"Lichuan",
"Lichuan#English"
],
[
"Enshi",
"Enshi#English"
],
[
"Hubei",
"Hubei#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～村) Minzhu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁵ zu²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "min²-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "миньчжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min^ˇ zu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-tsú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "binzuo"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mîng tsú"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去 tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min-tsr"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjin tsyuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mi[ŋ] toʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*min tjoʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*min tjoʔ/"
}
],
"word": "民主"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 主",
"Chinese terms spelled with 民",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Democracy",
"zh:Forms of government",
"zh:Government"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民主"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民之主"
},
"expansion": "民之主",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant \"sovereign\", as in 民之主, or \"ruler of the people\". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean \"democracy\", \"democratic\" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "whole-process people's democracy (officialese)",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "quán guòchéng rénmín mínzhǔ",
"text": "全過程人民民主",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "whole-process people's democracy (officialese)",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "quán guòchéng rénmín mínzhǔ",
"text": "全过程人民民主",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Education is at the root of the popularization of science and democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Pǔjí kēxué yǔ mínzhǔ, gēnzi zài jiàoyù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "普及科學與民主，根子在教育。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Education is at the root of the popularization of science and democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Pǔjí kēxué yǔ mínzhǔ, gēnzi zài jiàoyù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "普及科学与民主，根子在教育。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
45,
54
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Monarchy skews power toward the upper class; democracy skews power toward the lower class.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 鄭觀應《盛世危言·議院》 (1893)",
"roman": "Jūnzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú shàng; mínzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú xià.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "君主者，權偏於上；民主者，權偏於下。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
45,
54
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Monarchy skews power toward the upper class; democracy skews power toward the lower class.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 鄭觀應《盛世危言·議院》 (1893)",
"roman": "Jūnzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú shàng; mínzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú xià.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "君主者，权偏于上；民主者，权偏于下。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
114,
123
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
101,
107
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
33
]
],
"english": "The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜？ ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)",
"roman": "Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "美國終於產生了歷史上第一位黑人總統巴拉克·奧巴馬，這對於美國的民主政治具有劃時代的意義。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
114,
123
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
101,
107
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
33
]
],
"english": "The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜？ ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)",
"roman": "Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "美国终于产生了历史上第一位黑人总统巴拉克·奥巴马，这对于美国的民主政治具有划时代的意义。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"democracy"
],
"links": [
[
"democracy",
"democracy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
80,
93
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"english": "The words of the marquis of Qi are rude; and Zang Wenzhong remarked that when a people's lord is rude, he is sure to die.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Qíjūn zhī yǔ tōu. Zāng Wénzhòng yǒu yán yuē: ‘Mínzhǔ tōu, bì sǐ.’",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "齊君之語偷。臧文仲有言曰：『民主偷，必死。』",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
80,
93
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"english": "The words of the marquis of Qi are rude; and Zang Wenzhong remarked that when a people's lord is rude, he is sure to die.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Qíjūn zhī yǔ tōu. Zāng Wénzhòng yǒu yán yuē: ‘Mínzhǔ tōu, bì sǐ.’",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "齐君之语偷。臧文仲有言曰：『民主偷，必死。』",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monarch"
],
"links": [
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) monarch"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"functionary; official"
],
"links": [
[
"functionary",
"functionary"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) functionary; official"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁵ zu²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "min²-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "миньчжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min^ˇ zu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-tsú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "binzuo"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mîng tsú"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去 tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min-tsr"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjin tsyuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mi[ŋ] toʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*min tjoʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*min tjoʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "démókèlāxī",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "德謨克拉西"
},
{
"roman": "démókèlāxī",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "德谟克拉西"
}
],
"word": "民主"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 主",
"Chinese terms spelled with 民",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Democracy",
"zh:Forms of government",
"zh:Government"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jīcéng mínzhǔ",
"word": "基層民主"
},
{
"roman": "jīcéng mínzhǔ",
"word": "基层民主"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔzhǔyì",
"word": "民主主義"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔzhǔyì",
"word": "民主主义"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ rénshì",
"word": "民主人士"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Gāngguǒ",
"word": "民主剛果"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Gāngguǒ",
"word": "民主刚果"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ guójiā",
"word": "民主國家"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ guójiā",
"word": "民主国家"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔxìng",
"word": "民主性"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ gǎigé",
"word": "民主改革"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ zhèngzhì",
"word": "民主政治"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ quánlì",
"word": "民主權利"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ quánlì",
"word": "民主权利"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ shèhuì zhǔyì",
"word": "民主社會主義"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ shèhuì zhǔyì",
"word": "民主社会主义"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng",
"word": "民主進步黨"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng",
"word": "民主进步党"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ jízhōngzhì",
"word": "民主集中制"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ gémìng",
"word": "民主革命"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔdǎng",
"word": "民主黨"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔdǎng",
"word": "民主党"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Dǎngpài",
"word": "民主黨派"
},
{
"roman": "Mínzhǔ Dǎngpài",
"word": "民主党派"
},
{
"roman": "Mín-Méng",
"word": "民盟"
},
{
"roman": "fànmínzhǔpài",
"word": "泛民主派"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "minzcuj",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: minzcuj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: minzcuj"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民主"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民之主"
},
"expansion": "民之主",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant \"sovereign\", as in 民之主, or \"ruler of the people\". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean \"democracy\", \"democratic\" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "democratic consultation",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "mínzhǔ xiéshāng",
"text": "民主協商",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "democratic consultation",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "mínzhǔ xiéshāng",
"text": "民主协商",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "people's democratic dictatorship",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "rénmín mínzhǔ zhuānzhèng",
"text": "人民民主專政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "people's democratic dictatorship",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "rénmín mínzhǔ zhuānzhèng",
"text": "人民民主专政",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"democratic"
],
"links": [
[
"democratic",
"democratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁵ zu²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "min²-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "миньчжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min^ˇ zu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-tsú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "binzuo"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mîng tsú"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去 tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min-tsr"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjin tsyuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mi[ŋ] toʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*min tjoʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*min tjoʔ/"
}
],
"word": "民主"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 主",
"Chinese terms spelled with 民",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Democracy",
"zh:Forms of government",
"zh:Government"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民主"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "民之主"
},
"expansion": "民之主",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant \"sovereign\", as in 民之主, or \"ruler of the people\". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean \"democracy\", \"democratic\" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "民主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Places in China",
"zh:Places in Hubei, China",
"zh:Villages in China",
"zh:Villages in Hubei, China"
],
"glosses": [
"Minzhu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)"
],
"links": [
[
"村",
"村#Chinese"
],
[
"Minzhu",
"Minzhu#English"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"Zhonglu",
"Zhonglu#English"
],
[
"Lichuan",
"Lichuan#English"
],
[
"Enshi",
"Enshi#English"
],
[
"Hubei",
"Hubei#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～村) Minzhu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁵ zu²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mínjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "min²-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "миньчжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³ zi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mìn-chú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min^ˇ zu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "min² zu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "min zhu^ˊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng-ciō"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn-tsú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "binzuo"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mîng tsú"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min-tsy"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去 tsy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min-tsr"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjin tsyuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mi[ŋ] toʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*min tjoʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹¹ t͡su³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒuo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*min tjoʔ/"
}
],
"word": "民主"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 民主 meaning in Chinese (27.0kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"民主"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "民主",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"民主"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "民主",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (democracy): (obsolete) 德謨克拉西／德谟克拉西 (démókèlāxī) desc=democracy rest=(obsolete) 德謨克拉西／德谟克拉西 (démókèlāxī) cls=romanization cls2=other e1=True e2=False",
"path": [
"民主"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "民主",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～村",
"path": [
"民主"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "民主",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～村",
"path": [
"民主"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "民主",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.