See 歷練 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "历练",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "歷練",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to experience things and steel oneself"
],
"id": "en-歷練-zh-verb-veEc794Q",
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "li⁴-lien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lì-lyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "lihliann"
},
{
"roman": "liljanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лилянь"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lihk lihn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁹ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lig⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪk̚² liːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "li̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "leglien"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɛn³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "歷練"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "历练",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "歷練",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"experienced"
],
"id": "en-歷練-zh-adj-PUhv5byI",
"links": [
[
"experienced",
"experienced"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "li⁴-lien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lì-lyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "lihliann"
},
{
"roman": "liljanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лилянь"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lihk lihn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁹ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lig⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪk̚² liːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "li̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "leglien"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɛn³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "歷練"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 歷",
"Chinese terms spelled with 練",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "历练",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "歷練",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to experience things and steel oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "li⁴-lien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lì-lyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "lihliann"
},
{
"roman": "liljanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лилянь"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lihk lihn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁹ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lig⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪk̚² liːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "li̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "leglien"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɛn³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "歷練"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 歷",
"Chinese terms spelled with 練",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "历练",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "歷練",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"experienced"
],
"links": [
[
"experienced",
"experienced"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìliàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "li⁴-lien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lì-lyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "lihliann"
},
{
"roman": "liljanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лилянь"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lihk lihn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lik⁹ lin⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lig⁶ lin⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪk̚² liːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "le̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "li̍k-liān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "leglien"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɛn³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "歷練"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 歷練 meaning in Chinese (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.