"松樹" meaning in Chinese

See 松樹 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /soŋ⁵⁵ su²¹³/ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ syː²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /t͡sœyŋ²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡sʊŋ¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/ [Changsha, Sinological-IPA, Xiang], /t͡sən¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/ [Changsha, Sinological-IPA, Xiang], /sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/, /soŋ⁵⁵ su²¹³/, /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ syː²²/, /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/, /t͡sœyŋ²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/, /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/, /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/, /siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/, /soŋ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/, /t͡sʊŋ¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/, /t͡sən¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/ Chinese transliterations: sōngshù [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄨˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], song¹ su⁴ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Pinyin, Sichuanese], cung⁴ syu⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], chhiùng-su [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], cě̤ng-chiū, chêng-chhiū, siông-chhiū, ¹son-zy, zong² xy⁵, sōngshù [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄨˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], songshù [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], sung¹-shu⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], sūng-shù [Mandarin, Yale], songshuh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], суншу [Mandarin, Palladius], sunšu [Mandarin, Palladius], sungsu [Chengdu, Latinxua-Sin-Wenz, Mandarin], chùhng syuh [Cantonese, Yale], tsung⁴ sy⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], cung⁴ xu⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], chhiùng-su [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], qiungˇ su [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], qiung² su⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], cě̤ng-chiū [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], chêng-chhiū [Hokkien, POJ], tsîng-tshiū [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zengchiu [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], siông-chhiū [Hokkien, POJ], siông-tshiū [Hokkien, Tai-lo], siongchiu [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], ¹son-zy [Wu], son^平 zy [Wu], ¹son-zr [Wu], /soŋ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/ [Wu], zong² xy⁵ [Changsha, Wiktionary-specific, Xiang], zjowng dzyuH [Middle-Chinese]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 松樹
  1. pine tree Categories (lifeform): Pines Synonyms: 參柏樹 [Hokkien], 参柏树 [Hokkien] Derived forms: 松樹坳 (Sōngshù'ào), 松树坳 (Sōngshù'ào), 松樹灣 (Sōngshùwān), 松树湾 (Sōngshùwān)
    Sense id: en-松樹-zh-noun-VlUbTPel Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Intermediate Mandarin

Download JSON data for 松樹 meaning in Chinese (4.7kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "松樹",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Pines",
          "orig": "zh:Pines",
          "parents": [
            "Conifers",
            "Gymnosperms",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "Sōngshù'ào",
          "word": "松樹坳"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sōngshù'ào",
          "word": "松树坳"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sōngshùwān",
          "word": "松樹灣"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sōngshùwān",
          "word": "松树湾"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pine tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-松樹-zh-noun-VlUbTPel",
      "links": [
        [
          "pine tree",
          "pine tree"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "參柏樹"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "参柏树"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sōngshù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "song¹ su⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cung⁴ syu⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiùng-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "cě̤ng-chiū"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chêng-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siông-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹son-zy"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "zong² xy⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sōngshù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "songshù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sung¹-shu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sūng-shù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "songshuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "суншу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sunšu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sungsu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soŋ⁵⁵ su²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chùhng syuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsung⁴ sy⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cung⁴ xu⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ syː²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiùng-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiungˇ su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiung² su⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cě̤ng-chiū"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœyŋ²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chêng-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsîng-tshiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zengchiu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siông-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siông-tshiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siongchiu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹son-zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "son^平 zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹son-zr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/soŋ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zong² xy⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zjowng dzyuH"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soŋ⁵⁵ su²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ syː²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœyŋ²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soŋ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "松樹"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "Sōngshù'ào",
      "word": "松樹坳"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sōngshù'ào",
      "word": "松树坳"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sōngshùwān",
      "word": "松樹灣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sōngshùwān",
      "word": "松树湾"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "松樹",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka nouns",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Intermediate Mandarin",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Northern Min lemmas",
        "Northern Min nouns",
        "Sichuanese lemmas",
        "Sichuanese nouns",
        "Wu lemmas",
        "Wu nouns",
        "Xiang lemmas",
        "Xiang nouns",
        "zh:Pines"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pine tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pine tree",
          "pine tree"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sōngshù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "song¹ su⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cung⁴ syu⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiùng-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "cě̤ng-chiū"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chêng-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siông-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹son-zy"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "zong² xy⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sōngshù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "songshù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sung¹-shu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sūng-shù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "songshuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "суншу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sunšu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sungsu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soŋ⁵⁵ su²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chùhng syuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsung⁴ sy⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cung⁴ xu⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ syː²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiùng-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiungˇ su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qiung² su⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cě̤ng-chiū"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœyŋ²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chêng-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsîng-tshiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zengchiu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siông-chhiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siông-tshiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siongchiu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹son-zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "son^平 zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹son-zr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/soŋ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zong² xy⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zjowng dzyuH"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soŋ⁵⁵ su²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ syː²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœyŋ²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soŋ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən¹³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "參柏樹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "参柏树"
    }
  ],
  "word": "松樹"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.