"拂菻" meaning in Chinese

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sog",
        "3": "𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺",
        "tr": "Frūm"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (Frūm)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "xco",
        "tr": "Frōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Khwarezmian [script needed] (Frōm)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "2": "𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖",
        "tr": "Frōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (Frōm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Rome; Byzantine",
        "tr": "Hrōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm, “Rome; Byzantine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "Հռովմ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "Ῥώμη"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "Roma"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Roma",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "羅馬",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of 羅馬／罗马 (Luómǎ)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. A review of the etymological proposals for this word has been written by Zhang Xushan, favoring a derivation from Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (Frūm), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (Frūm, Frōm, “Rome, Byzantium”) or Khwarezmian [script needed] (Frōm), which are akin to Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (Frōm), Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm, “Rome; Byzantine”), and Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), all of which are ultimately from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), itself originally from Latin Roma, which would thus make it a doublet of 羅馬／罗马 (Luómǎ).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "拂菻",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Parthian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sogdian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Byzantium"
      ],
      "id": "en-拂菻-zh-name-91x2O0pS",
      "links": [
        [
          "Byzantium",
          "Byzantium"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Byzantium"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Bàizhàntíng",
          "word": "拜占庭"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fúlǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄣˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fat¹ lam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fúlǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fúlǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fu²-lin³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fú-lǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fwuliin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Фулинь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fulinʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fu³⁵ lin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāt làhm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fat⁷ lam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fed¹ lem⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phjut limX"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fu³⁵ lin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "拂菻"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sog",
        "3": "𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺",
        "tr": "Frūm"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (Frūm)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "xco",
        "tr": "Frōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Khwarezmian [script needed] (Frōm)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "2": "𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖",
        "tr": "Frōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (Frōm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Rome; Byzantine",
        "tr": "Hrōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm, “Rome; Byzantine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "Հռովմ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "Ῥώμη"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "Roma"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Roma",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "羅馬",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of 羅馬／罗马 (Luómǎ)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. A review of the etymological proposals for this word has been written by Zhang Xushan, favoring a derivation from Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (Frūm), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (Frūm, Frōm, “Rome, Byzantium”) or Khwarezmian [script needed] (Frōm), which are akin to Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (Frōm), Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm, “Rome; Byzantine”), and Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), all of which are ultimately from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), itself originally from Latin Roma, which would thus make it a doublet of 羅馬／罗马 (Luómǎ).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "拂菻",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese proper nouns",
        "Chinese doublets",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese proper nouns",
        "Chinese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Chinese terms derived from Khwarezmian",
        "Chinese terms derived from Latin",
        "Chinese terms derived from Sogdian",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 拂",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 菻",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
        "Chinese terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin proper nouns",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
        "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Parthian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Requests for native script for Khwarezmian terms",
        "Sogdian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Byzantium"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Byzantium",
          "Byzantium"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Byzantium"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fúlǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄣˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fat¹ lam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fúlǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fúlǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fu²-lin³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fú-lǐn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fwuliin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Фулинь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Fulinʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fu³⁵ lin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāt làhm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fat⁷ lam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fed¹ lem⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phjut limX"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fu³⁵ lin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Bàizhàntíng",
      "word": "拜占庭"
    }
  ],
  "word": "拂菻"
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "拂菻"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "拂菻",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "拂菻"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "拂菻",
  "trace": ""
}