"憶記" meaning in Chinese

See 憶記 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/, /jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/ Chinese transliterations: yìjì [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], jik¹ gei³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], yìjì [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], yìjì [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], i⁴-chi⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], yì-jì [Mandarin, Yale, standard], yihjih [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], ицзи [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], iczi [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], yīk gei [Cantonese, Yale], jik⁷ gei³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], yig¹ géi³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 憶記
  1. (poetic) memory Tags: poetic
    Sense id: en-憶記-zh-noun-wGT7yp2d Categories (other): Chinese links with redundant alt parameters, Chinese links with redundant wikilinks, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 53 47
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 記憶/记忆 (jìyì), 記憶 (jìyì), 记忆 (jìyì)

Verb

IPA: /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/, /jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/ Chinese transliterations: yìjì [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], jik¹ gei³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], yìjì [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], yìjì [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], i⁴-chi⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], yì-jì [Mandarin, Yale, standard], yihjih [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], ицзи [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], iczi [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], yīk gei [Cantonese, Yale], jik⁷ gei³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], yig¹ géi³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization]
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 憶記
  1. (literary) to remember Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-憶記-zh-verb-OC7Eux0Z Categories (other): Chinese links with redundant alt parameters, Chinese links with redundant wikilinks, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 53 47
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 記憶/记忆 (jìyì), 記憶 (jìyì), 记忆 (jìyì)

Download JSON data for 憶記 meaning in Chinese (5.8kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "憶記",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "苦恨眼邊常憶記。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "苦恨眼边常忆记。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Song dynasty, 劉一止, 青玉案\nKǔhèn yǎnbiān cháng yìjì. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to remember"
      ],
      "id": "en-憶記-zh-verb-OC7Eux0Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "remember",
          "remember"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to remember"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik¹ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁴-chi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yì-jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yihjih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ицзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iczi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yīk gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik⁷ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yig¹ géi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶/记忆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "记忆"
    }
  ],
  "word": "憶記"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "憶記",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "憶記來時魂悄悄,想見仙山眾峰小。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "忆记来时魂悄悄,想见仙山众峰小。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Tang dynasty, 萬楚, 小山歌\nYìjì lái shí hún qiāoqiāo, xiǎngjiàn xiānshān zhòngfēng xiǎo. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Persistence becomes hope for the road ahead, memories to be recalled in years to come",
          "ref": "堅持成為前路的希冀 來年回味的憶記 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]",
          "text": "坚持成为前路的希冀 来年回味的忆记 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]\nFrom: 2017, Sketch, 單程票\ngin¹ ci⁴ sing⁴ wai⁴ cin⁴ lou⁶ dik¹ hei¹ kei³, loi⁴ nin⁴ wui⁴ mei⁶ dik¹ jik¹ gei³ [Jyutping]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "That one last kiss contains all of the beautiful memories",
          "ref": "最後那一吻蘊含著所有美好的憶記 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]",
          "text": "最后那一吻蕴含着所有美好的忆记 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]\nFrom: 2018, 冼家逴, 最后\nzeoi³ hau⁶ naa⁵ jat¹ man⁵ wan⁵ ham⁴ zoek⁶ so² jau⁵ mei⁵ hou² dik¹ jik¹ gei³ [Jyutping]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "memory"
      ],
      "id": "en-憶記-zh-noun-wGT7yp2d",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "memory",
          "memory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) memory"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik¹ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁴-chi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yì-jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yihjih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ицзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iczi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yīk gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik⁷ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yig¹ géi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶/记忆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "记忆"
    }
  ],
  "word": "憶記"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "憶記",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Chinese literary terms",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "苦恨眼邊常憶記。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "苦恨眼边常忆记。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Song dynasty, 劉一止, 青玉案\nKǔhèn yǎnbiān cháng yìjì. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to remember"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "remember",
          "remember"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to remember"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik¹ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁴-chi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yì-jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yihjih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ицзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iczi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yīk gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik⁷ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yig¹ géi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶/记忆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "记忆"
    }
  ],
  "word": "憶記"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "憶記",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese terms with quotations",
        "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Chinese poetic terms",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "憶記來時魂悄悄,想見仙山眾峰小。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "忆记来时魂悄悄,想见仙山众峰小。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Tang dynasty, 萬楚, 小山歌\nYìjì lái shí hún qiāoqiāo, xiǎngjiàn xiānshān zhòngfēng xiǎo. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Persistence becomes hope for the road ahead, memories to be recalled in years to come",
          "ref": "堅持成為前路的希冀 來年回味的憶記 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]",
          "text": "坚持成为前路的希冀 来年回味的忆记 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]\nFrom: 2017, Sketch, 單程票\ngin¹ ci⁴ sing⁴ wai⁴ cin⁴ lou⁶ dik¹ hei¹ kei³, loi⁴ nin⁴ wui⁴ mei⁶ dik¹ jik¹ gei³ [Jyutping]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "That one last kiss contains all of the beautiful memories",
          "ref": "最後那一吻蘊含著所有美好的憶記 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]",
          "text": "最后那一吻蕴含着所有美好的忆记 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]\nFrom: 2018, 冼家逴, 最后\nzeoi³ hau⁶ naa⁵ jat¹ man⁵ wan⁵ ham⁴ zoek⁶ so² jau⁵ mei⁵ hou² dik¹ jik¹ gei³ [Jyutping]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "memory"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "memory",
          "memory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) memory"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik¹ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìjì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁴-chi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yì-jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yihjih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ицзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iczi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yīk gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jik⁷ gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yig¹ géi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɪk̚⁵ kei̯³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶/记忆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "記憶"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "word": "记忆"
    }
  ],
  "word": "憶記"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "憶記"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "憶記",
  "trace": "started on line 19, detected on line 19"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "憶記"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "憶記",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "憶記"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "憶記",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.