Chinese Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

儉/Chinese/character

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儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Taiwanese-Hokkien not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

儉 (character) 儉/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Taiwanese-Hokkien not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儉", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "乞窮儉相"}, {"word": "乞穷俭相"}, {"word": "儉嗇"}, {"word": "俭啬"}, {"word": "儉月"}, {"word": "俭月"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "儉樸"}, {"roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "word": "俭朴"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "儉省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnshěng", "word": "俭省"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "儉約"}, {"roman": "jiǎnyuē", "word": "俭约"}, {"word": "儉素"}, {"word": "俭素"}, {"word": "儉腹"}, {"word": "俭腹"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉腸凹肚"}, {"roman": "khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭肠凹肚"}, {"word": "儉色"}, {"word": "俭色"}, {"word": "儉薄"}, {"word": "俭薄"}, {"word": "儉觳"}, {"word": "俭觳"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "儉錢"}, {"roman": "khiām-chîⁿ", "tags": ["Min-Nan"], "word": "俭钱"}, {"word": "克儉克勤"}, {"word": "克俭克勤"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克儉"}, {"roman": "kèqínkèjiǎn", "word": "克勤克俭"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤儉"}, {"roman": "qínjiǎn", "word": "勤俭"}, {"word": "崇節尚儉"}, {"word": "崇节尚俭"}, {"word": "恭儉"}, {"word": "恭俭"}, {"word": "恭儉靜一"}, {"word": "恭俭静一"}, {"word": "水儉"}, {"word": "水俭"}, {"word": "田豫儉素"}, {"word": "田豫俭素"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省儉"}, {"roman": "shěngjiǎn", "word": "省俭"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃儉用"}, {"roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "word": "省吃俭用"}, {"word": "禮奢寧儉"}, {"word": "礼奢宁俭"}, {"word": "禮存寧儉"}, {"word": "礼存宁俭"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "節儉"}, {"roman": "jiéjiǎn", "word": "节俭"}, {"word": "節儉力行"}, {"word": "节俭力行"}, {"word": "節儉躬行"}, {"word": "节俭躬行"}, {"word": "自奉甚儉"}, {"word": "自奉甚俭"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "豐儉由人"}, {"roman": "fēngjiǎnyóurén", "word": "丰俭由人"}, {"word": "躬行節儉"}, {"word": "躬行节俭"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *ɡramʔ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "僉", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "person"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡramʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).", "forms": [{"form": "俭", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "倹"}, {"form": "𠈏", "raw_tags": ["ancient"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儉", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "節儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "frugal; thrifty; economical", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiéjiǎn", "text": "节俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤儉", "type": "example"}, {"english": "hardworking and thrifty", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qínjiǎn", "text": "勤俭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "儉樸", "type": "example"}, {"english": "thrifty and simple", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "jiǎnpǔ", "text": "俭朴", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃儉用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to save on food and daily expenses", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "shěngchījiǎnyòng", "text": "省吃俭用", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工儉學", "type": "example"}, {"english": "part-time work and part-time study", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "qíngōngjiǎnxué", "text": "勤工俭学", "type": "example"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Lǐ, yǔqí shē yě, nìng jiǎn; sāng, yǔqí yì yě, nìng qī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["frugal; thrifty"], "links": [["frugal", "frugal"], ["thrifty", "thrifty"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭儉而好禮者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The courteous and self-restraining, the lovers of the rules of propriety, should sing the Xiao Ya (Minor Odes of the Kingdom).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Gōngjiǎn ér hàolǐ zhě yí gē Xiǎoyǎ.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "恭俭而好礼者宜歌小雅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["modest; moderate; temperate"], "links": [["modest", "modest"], ["moderate", "moderate"], ["temperate", "temperate"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) modest; moderate; temperate"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["lacking; insufficient"], "links": [["lacking", "lacking"], ["insufficient", "insufficient"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lacking; insufficient"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["poor harvest"], "links": [["poor", "poor"], ["harvest", "harvest"]], "qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poor harvest"]}, {"categories": ["Taiwanese Hokkien"], "glosses": ["to save up; to store up"], "links": [["save up", "save up"], ["store up", "store up"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up"], "tags": ["Taiwanese-Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Singapore Hokkien", "Teochew Chinese"], "glosses": ["to save; to economize"], "links": [["save", "save"], ["economize", "economize"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore", "Teochew"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jian³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁶"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kiang⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jiǎn"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "chien³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "jyǎn"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "jean"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цзянь"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "czjanʹ"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gihm"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gim⁶"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "khiam"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "kiam"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "kiam⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "giêng"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiām"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qiam"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khiǎm"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăm"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "khiăng"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶ji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ji^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³jji"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "gjemX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡramʔ/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kiːm²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰi̯am⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/kiɛŋ²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam²²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiam³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡ʑi²³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*ɡramʔ/"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["formal", "Standard-Chinese"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taiwan"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Southwestern-Mandarin", "Guilin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu", "Singapore"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangfu"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Huizhou"], "word": "慳"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Miaoli", "Northern"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Sixian", "Pingtung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Taichung"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hsinchu-County"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Yunlin"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hong-Kong"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Taipei"], "word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Penang"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Singapore"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Manila"], "word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Chaozhou"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"word": "省"}, {"tags": ["Jieyang"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Singapore", "Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "儉"}, {"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)"}, {"word": "省"}, {"word": "Taiwan"}, {"word": "Singapore"}, {"word": "Guilin"}, {"word": "Guangzhou"}, {"word": "慳"}, {"word": "Hong Kong"}, {"word": "Taishan"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Guangfu"], "word": "Ho Chi Minh City"}, {"word": "Meixian"}, {"alt": "Huicheng; Bendihua", "word": "Huizhou"}, {"alt": "N. Sixian", "word": "Miaoli"}, {"alt": "Neipu; S. Sixian", "word": "Pingtung"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Zhudong"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Dabu", "Dongshi"], "word": "Taichung"}, {"tags": ["Qionglin", "Raoping"], "word": "Hsinchu County"}, {"tags": ["Lunbei", "Zhao'an"], "word": "Yunlin"}, {"word": "Taipei"}, {"word": "省 GT"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Penang"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "Manila"}, {"word": "Chaozhou"}, {"word": "Shantou"}, {"word": "Jieyang"}, {"word": "Haifeng"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Singapore"}, {"tags": ["Teochew"], "word": "Pontianak"}, {"english": "General Taiwanese", "word": "GT"}], "word": "儉"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.