漢族

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡su²⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tɵk̚³²/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sok̚⁴/

/hø³³ zoʔ⁴⁴/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡su²⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tɵk̚³²/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sok̚⁴/

/hø³³ zoʔ⁴⁴/

The autonym “Han” is derived from the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) in Chinese history.

Han Chinese (the largest ethnic group indigenous to China)


夷狄

/jiː²¹ tɪk̚²/

/jiː²¹ tɪk̚²/

From archaic exonymic references to tribes that were not considered 諸夏, but were physically located close to the 中國; from 夷 (OC *lil, “eastern tribes”) + 狄 (OC *deːɡ, “northern tribes”).

The Master said, "The barbarians have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Yídí zhī yǒu jūn, bùrú zhūxià zhī wáng yě.”

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如諸夏之亡也。」

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡也。」

(historical, archaic) the barbarians (peoples inhabiting regions peripheral to the historical Chinese heartland)

(literary, derogatory) barbarian (any ethnic group considered uncivilized)


韃虜

/tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(ethnic slur, derogatory, archaic) non-Han ethnic groups in North China, especially the Manchus


突厥

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (突厥):
* → Japanese: 突厥(とっけつ) (Tokketsu)
* → Korean: 돌궐(突厥) (Dolgwol)
* → Vietnamese: Đột Quyết (突厥)

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/

Ultimately from a form which also gave rise to the name Türk (cf. 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (Türük)), but the phonetics are difficult to reconcile.
It has been suggested that this is a transcription of Rouran *türküt, a plural of the Mongolic type, composed of *türk + *-üt (cf. Khalkha Mongolian -үүд (-üüd)) (Pelliot, 1915). Pulleyblank (1965) proposed that this is a direct transcription of Türk.

Turk (collective name for various Turkic ethnic groups)


維吾爾

/weɪ̯³⁵ u³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ ŋ̍²¹ jiː¹³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/ui¹³⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

/vi²² ŋu⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ u³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ ŋ̍²¹ jiː¹³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/ui¹³⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

/vi²² ŋu⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/

From Uyghur ئۇيغۇر (uyghur). Doublet of 回紇／回纥 (Huíhé), 回鶻／回鹘 (Huíhú), and 畏兀兒／畏兀儿 (Wèiwù'ér).


白種

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² t͡sʊŋ³⁵/


諸夏

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ haː²²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ haː²²/

The Master said, "The rude tribes of the east and north have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐyuē: “Yídí zhī yǒu jūn, bùrú zhūxià zhī wú yě.”

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如諸夏之亡也。」

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡也。」

The Rong and Di are dholes and wolves and may not be satisfied; the various grand states are close intimates and may not be abandoned. Ease and peace are banes and poisons and may not be embraced.

Róngdí cháiláng, bùkě yàn yě; zhūxià qīnnì, bùkě qì yě. Yàn'ān zhèndú, bùkě huái yě.

戎狄豺狼，不可厭也；諸夏親暱，不可棄也。宴安酖毒，不可懷也。

戎狄豺狼，不可厌也；诸夏亲昵，不可弃也。宴安鸩毒，不可怀也。

(archaic, historical) the diverse Xias; the peoples of the historical Chinese heartland that identify with each other


阿昌族

→ Bouyei: Aycangyzuf

→ Zhuang: Ahcanghcuz

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/a³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/a³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


阿美族

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Amis people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


拉祜族

/lä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ wuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/la³³ hɔ²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ wuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/la³³ hɔ²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


佤族

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


德昂族

/tɤ³⁵ ˀɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ ŋɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɤ³⁵ ˀɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ ŋɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/


蒙古族

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/muŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒuʔ⁵/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/muŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒuʔ⁵/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Mongol a person of Mongol or Mongolian ethnicity


仡佬族

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


邵族

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sʊk̚²/


泰雅族

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/


排灣族

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Paiwan people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


太魯閣族

ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Taroko people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


魯凱族

/lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Rukai people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


卡那卡那富族

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

Канаканафуцзу

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Kanakanavu people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


達悟族

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² t͡sʊk̚²/

Yami people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


撒奇萊雅族

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄗㄨˊ

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Sakizaya people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


賽德克族

ㄙㄞˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗㄨˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Seediq people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


賽夏族

ㄙㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄗㄨˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ haː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ haː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

Saisiyat people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


噶瑪蘭族

ㄍㄚˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


鄒族

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Tsou people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


拉阿魯哇族

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄌㄚˇ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄗㄨˊ

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Saaroa people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


布農族

ㄅㄨˋ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


卑南族

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

Puyuma people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


室韋

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯¹³/

Borrowed from Xianbei *širwi; likely a late form of *serbi.

(historical) previous county in Hulunbuir


𱎼家

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


東干人

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/


大武壠族

ㄉㄚˋ ㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/tä⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/


雅美族

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/


黃種

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

the yellow race; mongoloid race; Far East Asian


沙陀突厥

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

the Shatuo Turks (a tribe that influenced northern Chinese politics from the late 9th century through the 10th century)


仡佬

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³/

From Gelao klau˥, ultimately derived from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general name for ethnic groups in southwestern China”) (Ferlus, 2009).


蒙族

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

Short for 蒙古族 (Měnggǔzú, “Mongol people, Mongolian people, ethnically Mongol or Mongolian”).


崩龍族

/pɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pɐŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pɐŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


土生葡人

ㄊㄨˇ ㄕㄥ ㄆㄨˊ ㄖㄣˊ

тушэн пужэнь

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tʰu³³ sã⁴⁴ bu²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tʰu³³ sã⁴⁴ bu²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Macanese (an ethnic group from Macau of mixed European (usually Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) origin)


蒙古人種

ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥˇ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥˇ

мэнгу жэньчжун

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


琉球族

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵/


猓玀

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


諸華

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ waː²¹/

If we'd wear out [our] troops warring against the Rong and Chu'd attack Chen, then we'd surely not able to save [Chen]; that'd amount to abandoning Chen. The various flourishing states would surely rebel.

Láo shī yú Róng, ér Chǔ fá Chén, bì fú néng jiù, shì qì Chén yě. Zhūhuá bì pàn.

勞師於戎，而楚伐陳，必弗能救，是棄陳也。諸華必叛。

劳师于戎，而楚伐陈，必弗能救，是弃陈也。诸华必叛。

Wearing the troops out warring against the Rong and losing the various flourishing states; even if we'd achieve such a feat, that'd be like catching preys yet losing people. Why employ that [approach]?

Láo shī yú róng, ér shī Zhūhuá, suī yǒu gōng, yóu dé shòu ér shī rén yě, ān yòng zhī?

勞師于戎，而失諸華，雖有功，猶得獸而失人也，安用之？

劳师于戎，而失诸华，虽有功，犹得兽而失人也，安用之？

(archaic, historical) the diverse Huas; the peoples of the historical Chinese heartland that identify with each other


穿青人

Чуаньцинжэнь

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/


臭泊

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

黃頭臭泊二室韋

黄头臭泊二室韦


北侗

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/


南侗

/nän³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

南侗民歌


俐侎人

/li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/


哈扎拉人

ㄏㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄣˊ

/xä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/xä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/


黎峒

/li³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/li³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

(ethnic group) a tribe of Hlai people living around Wuzhi Mountain, Hainan.


沙種

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/


過泗

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su⁴¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ su¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ su²¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su⁴¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ su¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ su²¹/


歐亞族

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ aː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ aː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

(Singapore) Eurasian (person of mixed European and Asian ancestry)


黑種

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


亞美人種

ㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄥˇ

Ямэй жэньчжун

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/