儷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *reːls): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel).


兄

→ Lao: ເຮຍ (hīa)

→ Thai: เฮีย (hiia)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 口 + 儿 to convey the idea of giving orders. The original meaning of "elder brother" refers to the fact that the elder brother gives order to the younger brothers and his sisters. Compare 令, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders. Similar to 欠, in which there is a kneeling man with an open mouth.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Related to 孟 (OC *mraːŋs, “great; eldest brother; first”); see there for more.
Schuessler (2007), instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔwyik (“elder sibling”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“elder brother”).
Alternatively, Benedict (1972) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), which is possibly also related to 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “paternal uncle; eldest brother”).

och-l

(Hokkien, familiar) respectful honorific used after a name for an elder brother or any male senior: Mister; Brother


叔

→ English: Ah Chek

→ Malay: encik

→ Indonesian: encik

→ Tagalog: Intsik

→ Cebuano: Insik

→ Thai: เจ๊ก (jék)

→ Khmer: ចិក (cək)

→ Vietnamese: Chệch

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljɯwɢ): phonetic 尗 (OC *hljɯwɢ, “wooden stake”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – using a wooden stake to dig the ground. Later phonetically borrowed to mean "paternal uncle".
The whole character is partly related to 建 since it represents a hand planting a wooden stake in the ground.

Sagart (1999) connects it to 督 (OC *ᵃtuk, “middle”) and reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ᵇs-tuk, the prefix possibly having a nominalizing function.
Alternatively, Starostin proposes a possible derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(h)u (~ -iw) (“nephew”) and reconstructs the Old Chinese as *tikʷ (< *tiw-k?) ~ *tu-k.

inh

尗
𠁮
𡬟
𡬧
𡭫
𭣬
𠦑
𢆑
尗
掓
𠁮
𡬟
𡬧
𡭫
𭣬
𠦑
𢆑

brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)


奩

奁
匲
匳
籢
籨
𡙗
𡚍
𢅸
𢊴
𣫢
𨕏
𨘰


妗

(historical dictionaries only, of a woman) frivolous


妹

→ Khmer: មួយ (muəy, “you”) (used with people of Chinese ethnicity)

→ Thai: หมวย (mǔai, “younger sister”) (said by Chinese ethnicity)

/muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯːds): semantic 女 (“female, woman”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds).
Probably Sino-Tibetan. Proposed etymologies:
* STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mi (“girl; female; feminine suffix”), whence Apatani nyimii (“girl; woman; female”), Proto-Loloish *C-mi² (“woman”), Proto-Karen *hmɨᴮ (“female; woman”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Burmese မ (ma., “sister”) (whence အစ်မ (acma., “elder sister”), ညီမ (nyima., “younger sister”)), Miju ku-mai- (“woman”), Tibetan བུད་མེད (bud med, “woman”), and also Mizo hmei (“concubine”) (> Mizo hmei-chhia (“woman; wife”)), which STEDT relates to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maj (“widow, widower”) instead.


姑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaː): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) – a type of woman (aunt, mother-in-law).

Han compound

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face


姨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lil): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil).

Han compound

二姨


娘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (娘):
* → Japanese: 嬢(にょう) (nyō); 嬢(じょう) (jō); 嬢(にゃん) (nyan)
* → Korean: 낭(娘) (nang)
* → Vietnamese: nương (娘)

desc

→ Khmer: នាង (niəng, “young woman; girl”)

→ Lao: ນາງ (nāng, “woman; girl; lady; Mrs.”)

→ Thai: นาง (naang, “woman; wife; female lover”)

→ Vietnamese: nàng (“lady; young woman; she”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *naŋ): semantic 女 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
Not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of 女郎 (MC nrjoX lang, “lady”) (Coblin, 1994).
Alternatively, from 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) with an attached suffix *-ŋ also found in 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “I for my part”) as against 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) (Sagart, 1999: 134). However, evidence for this suffix is sparse; Sagart only adduces these two pairs of words.
As yet another suggestion, it may be a loan from Proto-Turkic *ana ~ *eńe (“mother”); compare Turkish ana and Uyghur ئانا (ana) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011).

Han compound

(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 娘 (MC nrjang)


娶

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰloʔ, *sʰlos, *slo): phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 女.
Exoactive of 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ, “to take; to obtain; to collect; to fetch”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the etymology of 嫁.
In Min Nan, the vernacular reading is instead from 𤆬 (chhōa, “to lead; to guide”).

och-l

Coordinate term: 嫁 (of a woman)

娶老婆

"If you marry her, you must love her. If you do not love her, why marry her? Marrying her and not loving her—this is something I cannot permit!"

“nei⁵ cou² zo² keoi⁵ zau⁶ jat¹ ding⁶ jiu³ oi³ keoi⁵. nei⁵ m⁴ oi³ keoi⁵ jau⁶ ho⁴ bit¹ cou² keoi⁵ ne¹? nei⁵ cou² zo² keoi⁵ ji⁴ m⁴ oi³ keoi⁵; ci² si⁶ sai⁶ naan⁴ wan⁵ heoi²!”

「你娶咗佢就一定要愛佢。你唔愛佢又何必娶佢呢？你娶咗佢而唔愛佢；此事誓難允許！」

「你娶咗佢就一定要爱佢。你唔爱佢又何必娶佢呢？你娶咗佢而唔爱佢；此事誓难允许！」


婦

desctree

→? Proto-Vietic: *-bəːʔ
Viet-Muong:
Muong: bợ, vợ
Middle Vietnamese: 𡞕 (ꞗợ), 𡢼 (ꞗợ)
Vietnamese: vợ

Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Two possibilities:
* Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *bɯʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 帚 (OC *pjuʔ), as supported by the latest Old Chinese reconstructions; or
* Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 女 (“woman”) + 帚 (“broom”) – a woman with a broom.
Compare Tibetan བག་མ (bag ma, “bride”) (Hill, 2019).

Han compound

夫婦

夫妇

You have your own wife, Prefect, Luofu has her own husband!

陌上桑 (日出東南隅行) "Ballad about Sunrise at the southeast corner", included in New Songs from the Jade Terrace (玉臺新詠) [circa 6th century]. Translated by Anne Birrell

使君自有婦，羅敷自有夫！

使君自有妇，罗敷自有夫！


婿

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sŋeːs): semantic 女 + phonetic 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ).
Attested in Qin materials as ⿰士咠, which is of semantic 士 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib); the phonetic part is later conflated into 胥 (Li, 2022).
Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric *saːj (“to marry; spouse”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The Standard Mandarin pronunciation xù is due to rounding assimilation in the word 女婿 (nǚxu), which generalized to the character reading (Zhou, 1997).


嫁

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraːs): semantic 女 + phonetic 家 (OC *kraː).
Exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “home, house”), with the addition of the denominal verbalisation suffix *-s in Old Chinese, meaning “to go to one's new home; to become married”. In the Baxter–Sagart system, an additional pronunciation is posited for the causative sense (“to make someone become married; to marry off”), formed with the prolific Old Chinese causative prefix *s-. Compare 娶.

Han compound

to be unable to get married (to anyone); to be left on the shelf

嫁不出去

She married her university classmate last year.

她去年嫁給了大學同學。

她去年嫁给了大学同学。

(of a woman) to marry; to become married to

to give a daughter in marriage; to try to marry off a daughter

嫁女兒

嫁女儿

to give a daughter in marriage; to marry off


嫂

→ Thai: ซ้อ (sɔ́ɔ)

→ Tagalog: inso

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *suːwʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ)
* Mandarin
*:(Pinyin): sǎo (sao³)
*:(Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sou²
* Hakka
*: (Sixian, PFS): só
*: (Meixian, Guangdong): sau³
* Eastern Min (BUC): sō̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so³ / sor³
* Southern Min
*: (Hokkien, POJ): só / só͘
*: (Teochew, Peng'im): so² / sao²
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)⁺
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǎo
*** Wade–Giles: sao³
*** Yale: sǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sao
*** Palladius: сао (sao)
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sou²
*** Yale: sóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sou²
*** Guangdong Romanization: sou²
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: só
*** Hakka Romanization System: so^ˋ
*** Hagfa Pinyim: so³
*** Sinological IPA: /so³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sau³
*** Sinological IPA: /sau³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sō̤
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: so³
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ɬo⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: so³
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ɬɵ³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sor³
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ɬɒ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sor³
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ɬɒ³³²/
Note:
*so3 - vernacular;
*sor3 - literary.
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só
*** Tâi-lô: só
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /so⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só͘
*** Tâi-lô: sóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sor
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: so² / sao²
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: só / sáu
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so⁵²/, /sau⁵²/
Note:
*so2 - vernacular;
*sao2 - literary.
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: ⁵sau
*** MiniDict: sau^去
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɔ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sawX
* Old Chinese
*: (Zhengzhang): /*suːwʔ/


嫜

(archaic) the father and mother of a woman's husband


嬸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljɯmʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ).
Monosyllabic fusion of 叔母 (MC syuwk muwX, “father's younger brother + wife”).

ltc-l

paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


季

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 禾 + 子.
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

雨季

淡季


家

Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 𢑓 (xiá, “male pig”). An archaic variant closer to the original drawing is 𡩀. See 𢑓 (xiá) for more. Similar to 冡.
Later the phonetic component have been corrupted to 豕, so Shuowen Jiezi erroneously analyzed it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + abbreviated phonetic 豭 (OC *kraː, “pig”).
All etymologies based on the modern version of the phonetic component (豕) are folk etymologies since they miss the original component (𢑓).
Cognate with Tibetan མཁར (mkhar, “castle; house”) (Schuessler, 2007).
嫁 (OC *kraːs, “to give a girl in marriage”) is the exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “house; household; family”).

och-l

傢
宊
𠖔
𡧚
𡩅
𡩙
𡩚
𡩵
𡩀
價

家庭

家事

李家

我家有四口人。


爹

→ Khmer: ទៀ (tiə)

→ Thai: เตี่ย (dtìia)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːʔ, *tjaː): semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl).
Possibly from Proto-Turkic *ata (“father”) and cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /ata/) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011)

Han compound

(regional, honorific) old man; grandpa; granddad


甥

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ (“sister”), related by Coblin (1986) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”).
Cognate with Tibetan སྲིང་མོ (sring mo), Kinnauri riŋz, Jangshung śiŋ, Chinese 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “life, birth”) and 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).


男

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (男):
* → Japanese: 男(なん) (nan); 男(だん) (dan)
* → Korean: 남(男) (nam)
* → Vietnamese: nam (男)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 田 (“field”) + 力 (“strength”) – man providing the strength for agricultural and/or other kinds of (physical) labour on a field.
Probably an area word. Compare Proto-Kiranti *nam (“man”), Proto-Monic *k()ɲoom (“young child”), Proto-Wa *h/ʔn[o]m (“young man”), Thai หนุ่ม (nùm, “young man; young”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Wang (1982) connects it to 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer”). Goldin (2021) suggests a connection to 任 (OC *njɯms, “to bear; to be in charge”).

och-l

Winter, 12th month: we met the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, Marquis of Chen, Marquis of Wey, Count of Zheng, Baron of Xu, Count of Hua, Viscount of Teng; we swore an alliance-covenant at You. Viscount Ke of Zhu died.

Spring and Autumn Annals, circa 5th century BCE

Dōng shíyǒu'èr yuè, huì Qíhóu, Sònggōng, Chénhóu, Wèihóu, Zhèngbó, Xǔnán, Huábó, Téngzǐ tóngméng yú Yōu. Zhūzǐ Kè zú.

冬十有二月，會齊侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、鄭伯、許男、滑伯、滕子同盟於幽。邾子克卒。

冬十有二月，会齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、滑伯、滕子同盟于幽。邾子克卒。

五等爵位 五等爵位#Chinese

baron, lowest of the five ranks of Chinese aristocracy (五等爵位) under the Zhou dynasty


舅

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡuʔ): phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ) + semantic 男 (“male; man”).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); compare Tibetan ཨ་ཁུ (a khu), ཁུ་བོ (khu bo, “father's brother”), Burmese အစ်ကို (ackui, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 2017d; STEDT). Possibly related to 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “old; ancient”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT); see there for more.

inh

> - mother's elder brother; < - mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) father-in-law (wife's father or husband's father)


輩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *puːls): semantic 車 + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).

Han compound

seniority among generations in a family or clan; position in the family hierarchy


鰥

From 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “single; alone”) + *-n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.


爸爸

/pä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä³⁵/

/pa²¹ pa²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵⁻²¹ paː⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁵ pa⁴⁵⁻⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ paʔ³²/

/pa²²⁻²¹ pa²⁴/

/pa²²⁻²¹ pa²²/

/pa²⁴⁻²² pa²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pa⁵⁵/

/pä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä³⁵/

/pa²¹ pa²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵⁻²¹ paː⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁵ pa⁴⁵⁻⁵³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ paʔ³²/

/pa²²⁻²¹ pa²⁴/

/pa²²⁻²¹ pa²²/

/pa²⁴⁻²² pa²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pa⁵⁵/

我爸爸告訴了我去哪兒。

我爸爸告诉了我去哪儿。

我爸爸請你到我家做客。

我爸爸请你到我家做客。

Dad lost his job, so the whole family had to be supported by mum.

Bàba shīqù le gōngzuò, yījiārén de shēnghuó quán kào māma zhīchēng.

爸爸失去了工作，一家人的生活全靠媽媽支撐。

爸爸失去了工作，一家人的生活全靠妈妈支撑。

(informal) dad; papa (Classifier: 個／个; 位)

(dialectal Mandarin) paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


弟弟

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

dei⁶⁻⁴ dei⁶⁻²

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

(colloquial, euphemistic, slang, childish) penis


哥哥

→ Indonesian: koko

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

He is my elder brother. He is two years older than I.

Tā shì wǒ de gēge. Tā bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì.

他是我的哥哥。他比我大兩歲。

他是我的哥哥。他比我大两岁。

Big brother, O big brother, I love to be with you, playing, travelling, watching movies.

go¹ go¹ aa³ go¹ go¹, oi³ jyu⁵ nei⁵ jat¹ hei² jau⁴ hei³ leoi⁵ hang⁴ hon³ hei³.

哥哥呀哥哥，愛與你一起遊戲旅行看戲。

哥哥呀哥哥，爱与你一起游戏旅行看戏。

(literally or figuratively) elder brother; big brother (Classifier: 個／个; 位)

>< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face


姑娘

→ Japanese: 姑娘 (kūnyan)

→ Korean: 꾸냥 (kkunyang), 쿠냥 (kunyang)

→ Russian: ку́ня (kúnja)

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

(Jilu, Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Shaowu Min, Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)

Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


人家

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ʐəŋ²⁴ t͡ɕia⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/zin²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/n̠ʲin²³ kɑ¹¹/

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ʐəŋ²⁴ t͡ɕia⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/zin²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/n̠ʲin²³ kɑ¹¹/

/ʐən³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä³/

/ʐən³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä³/

/jɐn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

jau⁵ gei² wu⁶ jan⁴ gaa¹ zyu⁶ hai² nei¹ dou⁶.

有幾戶人家住喺呢度。

有几户人家住喺呢度。


私生子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (私生子):
* → Japanese: 私生子(しせいし) (shiseishi)

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴ sɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩³¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/sɯ³³ sŋ̍³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ sã³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴ sɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩³¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/sɯ³³ sŋ̍³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ sã³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

illegitimate child (usually a boy); bastard child; child born out of wedlock; love child


太太

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/


家族

Sino-Xenic (家族):
* → Japanese: 家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
* → Korean: 가족(家族) (gajok)
* → Vietnamese: gia tộc (家族)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zoʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zoʔ²¹/

家族世襲

家族世袭


婦人

Sino-Xenic (婦人):
* → Japanese: 婦(ふ)人(じん) (fujin)
* → Korean: 부인(婦人) (bu'in)
* → Vietnamese: phu nhân (婦人)

/fu⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː¹³ jɐn²¹/

/hu³³⁻²¹ zin²³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/

/hu³³⁻²² lin²⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː¹³ jɐn²¹/

/hu³³⁻²¹ zin²³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/

/hu³³⁻²² lin²⁴/


一家

Sino-Xenic (一家):
* → Japanese: 一(いっ)家(か) (ikka)
* → Korean: 일가(一家) (ilga)

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/


姐妹

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sia³³⁻⁵⁵ mui²¹³/

/t͡sia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muĩ⁴¹/

/t͡se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡se⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ me⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sia³³⁻⁵⁵ mui²¹³/

/t͡sia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muĩ⁴¹/

/t͡se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡se⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ me⁴⁴/

elder sister and younger sister; sisters

Thanks to the fellow for the ACG goods you sent

謝謝姐妹送的谷子

谢谢姐妹送的谷子

(neologism, fandom slang, chiefly feminine) term to address fellow/peer-netizens on social media platforms


大家

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ta²¹³ t͡ɕia⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/ai³² ka³³⁻²¹⁵/

/ai³² ka³³⁻³³⁵/

/tʰaɪ⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ke³³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ ka̠³/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ta²¹³ t͡ɕia⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/ai³² ka³³⁻²¹⁵/

/ai³² ka³³⁻³³⁵/

/tʰaɪ⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ke³³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ ka̠³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ka³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ka³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ ke³³/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ ke³³/

(literary or Eastern Min, Southern Min) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


姐姐

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiə⁵¹ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

dze²⁻⁴ dze²⁻¹

dze²⁻¹ dze²⁻¹

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠³/

/t͡si̯ɔ⁴² t͡si̯ɔ³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³³ t͡ɕi̯ä³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiə⁵¹ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠³/

/t͡si̯ɔ⁴² t͡si̯ɔ³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³³ t͡ɕi̯ä³/

姐妹

elder sister and younger sister; sisters

(Hong Kong Cantonese) female domestic helper


結婚

Sino-Xenic (結婚):
* → Japanese: 結婚(けっこん) (kekkon)
* → Korean: 결혼(結婚) (gyeolhon)
* → Vietnamese: kết hôn (結婚)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ²¹ xuən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ²¹⁻²⁴ xuẽ²¹/

/t͡ɕiə²⁴ xuŋ²⁴/

/kit̚²² fɐn²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵ ˈfɨn⁴²/

/t͡ɕiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ xuŋ¹¹/

/kieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ huoŋ⁵⁵/

/kɛʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ hɔŋ⁵³³/

/kɛʔ²⁻²⁴ huoŋ⁵³³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hun³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hun⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻³⁴ hun³³⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hun⁴⁴/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ huŋ³³/

/kyt̚³³ βən⁵³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ huən⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiəʔ³³ hun³⁴/

/t͡ɕiəʔ⁴⁴ huəŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴ ɸən³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ²¹ xuən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ²¹⁻²⁴ xuẽ²¹/

/t͡ɕiə²⁴ xuŋ²⁴/

/kit̚²² fɐn²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵ ˈfɨn⁴²/

/t͡ɕiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ xuŋ¹¹/

/kieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ huoŋ⁵⁵/

/kɛʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ hɔŋ⁵³³/

/kɛʔ²⁻²⁴ huoŋ⁵³³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hun³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hun⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻³⁴ hun³³⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hun⁴⁴/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ huŋ³³/

/kyt̚³³ βən⁵³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ huən⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiəʔ³³ hun³⁴/

/t͡ɕiəʔ⁴⁴ huəŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴ ɸən³³/

近親結婚

近亲结婚

She wants to marry for love, not for money.

Tā xiǎng wèile ài ér jiéhūn, ér bùshì wèile qián.

她想為了愛而結婚，而不是為了錢。

她想为了爱而结婚，而不是为了钱。

All love relationships lacking the intention of progressing to marriage are acts of hooliganism. (common saying)

Bù yǐ jiéhūn wéi mùdì de liàn'ài dōu shì shuǎliúmáng.

不以結婚為目的的戀愛都是耍流氓。

不以结婚为目的的恋爱都是耍流氓。


兄弟

ryu-r

兄(ちょー)弟(でー) (chōdē)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兄弟):
* → Japanese: 兄(きょう)弟(だい) (kyōdai); 兄(けい)弟(てい) (keitei)
* → Okinawan: 兄(ちょー)弟(でー) (chōdē)
* → Korean: 형제(兄弟) (hyeongje)
* → Jeju: 성제 (seongje)
* → Vietnamese: huynh đệ (兄弟)

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ɕyoŋ⁵⁵ ti²¹³/

/ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/həŋ²¹³ tɔi³²/

/ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/ˈɕiuŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/hiʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵³/

/ɕyŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛ²⁴²/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/

/hiɪŋ³³ te²²/

/hĩã³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

/hiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/βiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di²¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕin³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕyn⁴⁴ di¹¹⁻¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ɕyoŋ⁵⁵ ti²¹³/

/ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/həŋ²¹³ tɔi³²/

/ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/ˈɕiuŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/hiʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵³/

/ɕyŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛ²⁴²/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/

/hiɪŋ³³ te²²/

/hĩã³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

/hiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/βiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di²¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕin³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕyn⁴⁴ di¹¹⁻¹/

Dvandva of 兄 (xiōng, “older brother”) + 弟 (dì, “younger brother”)


祖父

Sino-Xenic (祖父):
* → Japanese: 祖父(そふ) (sofu)
* → Korean: 조부(祖父) (jobu)

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/

My grandfather can neither read nor write.

我祖父既不會讀又不會寫。

我祖父既不会读又不会写。

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

(formal) paternal grandfather (one's father's father)


祖母

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³³⁻³⁵ mu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɤ⁴¹/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³³⁻³⁵ mu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɤ⁴¹/

We had a holiday, so our whole family went to the countryside to visit grandmother.

Fàngjià le, wǒmen yījiādàxiǎo wǎng xiāngxià qù tànwàng zǔmǔ.

放假了，我們一家大小往鄉下去探望祖母。

放假了，我们一家大小往乡下去探望祖母。

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


叔父

/sʊk̚⁵ fuː²²/

/sʊk̚⁵ fuː²²/

/sʊk̚⁵ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

敬叔父乎？敬弟乎？

(formal) paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


伯父

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ pe³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ pe³⁵/

/paːk̚³ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/paːk̚³ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

二伯父 [Cantonese] ― ji⁶ baak³ fu⁶ [Jyutping] ― father's second eldest brother

(formal) paternal uncle (father's elder brother)


叔母

/ʂu⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


伯母

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˈpɛt̚⁵ mu²¹³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ bu⁵³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ bo⁵³/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ bo⁵²⁻²¹/

/paʔ³³ m̩⁴⁴/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˈpɛt̚⁵ mu²¹³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ bu⁵³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ bo⁵³/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ bo⁵²⁻²¹/

/paʔ³³ m̩⁴⁴/

paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


女大不中留

ㄋㄩˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

нюй да бу чжун лю

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

a grown daughter cannot be kept unmarried for long


阿姨

/aː³³ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ i¹¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ i⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ i¹¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ i⁵⁵/

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister

She never suspected for a minute that her aunty was a killer.

Tā wànwàn méi xiǎngdào tā de āyí shì shāshǒu.

她萬萬沒想到她的阿姨是殺手。

她万万没想到她的阿姨是杀手。

(informal, endearing) maternal aunt (mother's sister or female cousin)

(Cantonese) one's mother's younger sister

(endearing) auntie (form of address for any woman around one's mother's age)


家醜

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiu⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiu⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/

skeleton in the closet
skeleton in the closet

skeleton in the closet; family skeleton; family scandal (that family members try to keep secret)


曾祖父

Sino-Xenic (曾祖父):
* → Japanese: 曽祖父(そうそふ) (sōsofu)
* → Korean: 증조부(曾祖父) (jeungjobu)

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ fuː²²/

/t͡sən¹³ t͡səu̯⁴¹ ɸu⁴⁵/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ fuː²²/

/t͡sən¹³ t͡səu̯⁴¹ ɸu⁴⁵/

great-grandfather (paternal grandfather's father)


先生

He Xiangning
Soong Ching-ling
Yang Jiang

Sino-Xenic (先生):
* → Japanese: 先生(せんせい) (sensei) (see there for further descendants)
* → Okinawan: 先生(しんしー) (shinshī)
* → Korean: 선생(先生) (seonsaeng)
* → Jeju: 선싕 (seonsuing) ; 선셍 (seonseng); 선승 (seonseung)
* → Vietnamese: tiên sinh (先生)

→ English: sinseh (via Hokkien)

→ Indonesian: sinse, singse, sengsai (via Hokkien)

→ Khmer: ស៊ិនសែ (sɨnsae) (via Teochew)

desc

→ Thai: ซินแส (sin-sɛ̌ɛ), จีนแส (jiin-sɛ̌ɛ) (via Teochew)

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

The specific pronunciation of Taiwanese Hokkien 先生 (siăn-sé) is from Japanese 先生(せんせい) (sensei) as evidenced by its pitch accent pronunciation.

The teacher speaks, and the students silently listen.

Sian-siⁿ kóng, ha̍k-seng tiām-tiām thiaⁿ.

先生講，學生恬恬聽。

先生讲，学生恬恬听。

Lièzǐ yuē: “Xī, zǐ zhī xiānshēng sǐ yǐ, fú huó yǐ.”

列子曰：「嘻，子之先生死矣，弗活矣。」

When he went to school, the teacher asked him: "Which province is west of Zhili Province?" He answered Shaanxi. The teacher said: "Wrong, it is Shanxi, not Shaanxi." He said: "Would Shaanxi and Shanxi not be close enough?"

Tā zài xuétáng de shíhòu, xiānshēng wèn tā: “Zhílì Shěng de xībiān shì nǎ yī shěng?” Tā shuō shì Shǎnxī. Xiānshēng shuō: “Cuò le, shì Shānxī, bùshì Shǎnxī.” Tā shuō: “Shǎnxī tóng Shānxī, bùshì chābùduō ma?”

他在學堂的時候，先生問他：「直隸省的西邊是哪一省？」他說是陝西。先生說：「錯了，是山西，不是陝西。」他說：「陝西同山西，不是差不多嗎？」

他在学堂的时候，先生问他：「直隶省的西边是哪一省？」他说是陕西。先生说：「错了，是山西，不是陕西。」他说：「陕西同山西，不是差不多吗？」

(honorific in Mandarin, Jin; common in Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min) teacher

(Singapore Hokkien) traditional Chinese physician


配偶者

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːi̯³³ ŋɐu̯¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːi̯³³ ŋɐu̯¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

(rare, Japanese or Korean-influenced) spouse


愛人

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/

/oi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/e³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/

/oi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/e³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Various senses attestable in Classical and Literary Chinese. The senses "spouse" and "lover" are from Japanese 愛人

他對他的愛人不忠。

他对他的爱人不忠。

(Mainland China) spouse; husband or wife


夫妻

/fu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/fu⁴² t͡ɕʰi²/

/fu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/fu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/fu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/fu⁴² t͡ɕʰi²/

/fu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/fu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

Dvandva of 夫 (fū, “husband”) + 妻 (qī, “wife”)

夫妻關係

夫妻关系

ways to enhance the relationship between husband and wife

增進夫妻感情的方式

增进夫妻感情的方式

husband and wife; married couple (Classifier: 對／对)


妹妹

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

/meɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/mei²¹³ mei²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

/muːi̯²²⁻²¹ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ moɪ⁵³/

/mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ mei̯³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/mei²¹³ mei²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻²¹ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ moɪ⁵³/

/mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ mei̯³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) Carrie Lam


大哥

→ Peranakan Indonesian: twako

/taːi̯²² kɔː⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² ko³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

/taːi̯²² kɔː⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² ko³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

a term of address for a close friend of the same age or older

(colloquial) male leader (especially of a gang); boss


農家

/nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he [thy husband] shall rule over thee.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:16

Yòu duì nǚrén shuō: wǒ bì duōduō jiāzēng nǐ huáitāi de kǔchǔ; nǐ shēngchǎn érnǚ bì duō shòu kǔchǔ. Nǐ bì liànmù nǐ zhàngfu; nǐ zhàngfu bì guǎnxiá nǐ.

又對女人說：我必多多加增你懷胎的苦楚；你生產兒女必多受苦楚。你必戀慕你丈夫；你丈夫必管轄你。

又对女人说：我必多多加增你怀胎的苦楚；你生产儿女必多受苦楚。你必恋慕你丈夫；你丈夫必管辖你。


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

A man is capped at the age of twenty, after which he becomes an adult man. He marries at the age of thirty.

Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE

Nánzǐ èrshí ér guàn, guàn ér liè zhàngfū, sānshí ér qǔ.

男子二十而冠，冠而列丈夫，三十而娶。


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

(Northern Min, Ningde Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) man; (adult) male


外祖母

/waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sou̯³⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/ŋa²² t͡su⁵⁵ mu²¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sou̯³⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/ŋa²² t͡su⁵⁵ mu²¹/

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


高祖母

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su³³ mu²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su³³ mu²¹/


媽媽

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵/

/maː⁵⁵⁻²¹ maː⁵⁵/

/maː⁵⁵ maː⁵⁵/

/ma¹¹ ma¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/mã⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁴⁴/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴⁴/

/mã²⁴⁻²² mã²⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵/

/maː⁵⁵⁻²¹ maː⁵⁵/

/maː⁵⁵ maː⁵⁵/

/ma¹¹ ma¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/mã⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁴⁴/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴⁴/

/mã²⁴⁻²² mã²⁴/

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

遵守媽媽的叮嚀

遵守妈妈的叮咛

媽媽的味道

妈妈的味道

媽媽總是向著妹妹。

妈妈总是向着妹妹。

You are such a naughty kid. It'd be surprising if your mum were not worried.

你這麼淘氣，媽媽不擔心才怪！

你这么淘气，妈妈不担心才怪！

我一輩子都被媽媽監視。

我一辈子都被妈妈监视。

(ACG, figurative) character designer (female)


媽媽

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

(Northern Min, Ninghua Hakka, dialectal Wu, Fuliang Huizhou) paternal grandmother


媽媽

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

(Northern Min) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


阿爸

Wutunhua: aba

/aː³³ paː⁵⁵⁻²¹/

/aː³³ paː⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ pa²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pa²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ paʔ³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pa²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ pa⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ pa³³/

/aː³³ paː⁵⁵⁻²¹/

/aː³³ paː⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ pa²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pa²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ paʔ³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pa²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ pa⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ pa³³/

Little Gang's father is the king of folk singing in his village.

Xiǎo Gāng de ābà shì quán zhàizi de shāngē wáng.

小剛的阿爸是全寨子的山歌王。

小刚的阿爸是全寨子的山歌王。

I'm so busy I can't even remember my dad’s surname.

ngo⁵ mong⁴ dou³ aa³ baa¹⁻⁴ sing³ mat¹ dou¹ m⁴ zi¹.

我忙到阿爸姓乜都唔知。


兒子

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ɚ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ɛɻ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ᵑɡei²² tu⁵⁵/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/d͡zi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/n̠ʲi²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi²² t͡sz̩³³/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ɚ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ɛɻ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ᵑɡei²² tu⁵⁵/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/d͡zi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/n̠ʲi²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi²² t͡sz̩³³/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

Can you become an infant? The infant will cry all the day, without its throat becoming hoarse – so perfect is the harmony (of its physical constitution).

Néng érzǐ hū? Érzǐ zhōngrì háo ér yì bù shà, hé zhī zhì yě.

能兒子乎？兒子終日嗥而嗌不嗄，和之至也。

能儿子乎？儿子终日嗥而嗌不嗄，和之至也。


女子

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

(literary or Wanrong Mandarin, Dungan, Jiangxi Hakka) daughter


夫人

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (夫人):
* → Japanese: 夫人(ふじん) (fujin)
* → Korean: 부인(夫人) (bu'in)
* → Vietnamese: phu nhân (夫人)

→ Thai: ฮูหยิน (huu-yǐn)

→ Manchu: ᡶᡠᠵᡳᠨ (fujin)

→ Chinese: 福晉 /福晋 (fújìn)

/fu⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/hu³³⁻²³ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/hu³³⁻²³ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/


父親

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/fu²¹³ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/fou⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/

/fuː²² t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/hu²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/pe³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiŋ³³/

/vu²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/fu²¹³ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/fou⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/

/fuː²² t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/hu²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/pe³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiŋ³³/

/vu²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

His father looks like a sprightly old man.

Tā de fùqīn kànqilai shì yī wèi jīngshén juéshuò de lǎorén.

他的父親看起來是一位精神矍鑠的老人。

他的父亲看起来是一位精神矍铄的老人。

You are doing your father wrong by speaking like this.

Nǐ zhème shuō kěshì yuānwang nǐ fùqīn le.

你這麼說可是冤枉你父親了。

你这么说可是冤枉你父亲了。

My father always said that heaven helps those who help themselves.

Wǒ fùqīn zǒngshì shuō tiān zhù zì zhù zhě.

我父親總是說天助自助者。

我父亲总是说天助自助者。


老爸

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/lau²²⁻¹¹ pe²²/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pe³³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ pe³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ pe²²/

/lau³³⁻²² pe³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ pɛ²²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/lau²²⁻¹¹ pe²²/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pe³³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ pe³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ pe²²/

/lau³³⁻²² pe³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ pɛ²²/


阿兄

/ˀä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ia⁵³³/

/a⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ĩã⁵³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ hiã⁴⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁻³³ hiã⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hiã⁴⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiã³³/

/a³³⁻²³ hĩã³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ia⁵³³/

/a⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ĩã⁵³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ hiã⁴⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁻³³ hiã⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hiã⁴⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiã³³/

/a³³⁻²³ hĩã³³/


㸗

(archaic) not a real father or a nature father (as distinct from foster father), stepfather


弟子

Sino-Xenic (弟子):
* → Japanese: 弟子(でし) (deshi)
* → Korean: 제자(弟子) (jeja)
* → Vietnamese: đệ tử (弟子)

/ti⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/te³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ti³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/ti⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/te³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ti³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

The Master said: "How dare I presume to be sagely and humane? I merely strive to become such without being disappointed, to teach people without being tired; this much can be said of me." Gongxi Hua said: "This is just what (we) disciples and pupils cannot learn to."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Ruò shèng yǔ rén, zé wú qǐ gǎn? Yì wèi zhī bùyàn, huì rén bùjuàn, zé kě wèi yún ěr yǐ yǐ.” Gōngxī huá yuē: “Zhèng wéi dìzǐ bùnéng xué yě.”

子曰：「若聖與仁，則吾豈敢？抑為之不厭，誨人不倦，則可謂云爾已矣。」公西華曰：「正唯弟子不能學也。」

子曰：「若圣与仁，则吾岂敢？抑为之不厌，诲人不倦，则可谓云尔已矣。」公西华曰：「正唯弟子不能学也。」


女兒

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦəl⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦəl⁴⁴/


孩子

/xaɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xɛ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/haːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/haɪ¹¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/hai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/xaɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xɛ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/haːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/haɪ¹¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/hai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

生孩子

你有孩子嗎？

你有孩子吗？

He has a wife and two young children to provide for.

Tā yǒu yī ge qīzi hé liǎng ge háizi yào yǎnghuó.

他有一個妻子和兩個孩子要養活。

他有一个妻子和两个孩子要养活。

child (one's direct descendant, regardless of age); children; kid (Classifier: 個／个)


妻子

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

他有一個妻子和兩個孩子要養活。

他有一个妻子和两个孩子要养活。

結髮為妻子，席不暖君床。

结发为妻子，席不暖君床。


大大

(dialectal) paternal uncle (father's elder brother)

(Internet, fandom slang) fandom content contributor


家庭

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰin¹¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² teŋ²⁴/

/ka³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ¹³/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ teŋ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² teŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/

/ke³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke³³⁻²³ tʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰin¹¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² teŋ²⁴/

/ka³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ¹³/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ teŋ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² teŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/

/ke³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/ke³³⁻²³ tʰeŋ⁵⁵/

寄養家庭／寄养家庭

貧困家庭／贫困家庭

家庭團聚／家庭团聚

The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.

Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò.

這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。

这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。

I visited some impoverished families in Africa last year.

Shàngnián wǒ tànwàng guò yīxiē Fēizhōu de pínqióng jiātíng.

上年我探望過一些非洲的貧窮家庭。

上年我探望过一些非洲的贫穷家庭。

Children from divorced families will be affected in the end.

Líyì jiātíng dàodǐ háishì huì yǐngxiǎng dào háizi.

離異家庭到底還是會影響到孩子。

离异家庭到底还是会影响到孩子。

family; household (Classifier: 戶／户; 個／个)


大姊

/taːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡si⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡se⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡se⁴¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡si⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡se⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡se⁴¹/


結合

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/


結合

Sino-Xenic (結合):
* → Japanese: 結合(けつごう) (ketsugō)
* → Korean: 결합(結合) (gyeolhap)
* → Vietnamese: kết hợp (結合)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/


母親

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ t͡ɕʰin⁴/

/mu⁵³ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mou⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/mu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/biɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰin³³/

/bo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bo⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiŋ³³/

/mu²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ t͡ɕʰin⁴/

/mu⁵³ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mou⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/mu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/biɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰin³³/

/bo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bo⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiŋ³³/

/mu²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/


小妹

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/siɤ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muãi²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/sio⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/siɤ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muãi²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/sio⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

(Yangjiang Yue, Hokkien, Xianyou Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) younger sister


老母

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ mou̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/lau²²⁻¹² bu⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ bu⁴²/

/lau²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/lau³³⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/lau³³⁻²² bu⁵⁵/

/lau³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ bɤ⁵³/

/lau²²⁻¹¹ bo³¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ mou̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/lau²²⁻¹² bu⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ bu⁴²/

/lau²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/lau³³⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/lau³³⁻²² bu⁵⁵/

/lau³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ bɤ⁵³/

/lau²²⁻¹¹ bo³¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

(chiefly Cantonese, Southern Min, informal, non-face-to-face) mom; mother


老婆

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/

老婆仔女 [Cantonese] ― lou⁵ po⁴ zai² neoi⁵⁻² [Jyutping] ― wife and children

娶老婆

我給我老婆一個飛吻。

我给我老婆一个飞吻。


老婆

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/


老公

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ kuŋ¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ kuŋ⁵³/

/lau³¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/se⁵⁵ œyŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lɔ²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ kuŋ¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ kuŋ⁵³/

/lau³¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/se⁵⁵ œyŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lɔ²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ g̊ʊŋ⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ g̊ʊŋ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

My husband makes honey with water for me to drink after dinner every day.

Lǎogōng tiāntiān wǎncān hòu bāng wǒ chōng fēngmìshuǐ hē.

老公天天晚餐後幫我沖蜂蜜水喝。

老公天天晚餐后帮我冲蜂蜜水喝。


老公

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ kuŋ¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ kuŋ⁵³/

/lau³¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/se⁵⁵ œyŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lɔ²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ kuŋ¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ kuŋ⁵³/

/lau³¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/se⁵⁵ œyŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lau²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lɔ²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ g̊ʊŋ⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ g̊ʊŋ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/


離婚

Sino-Xenic (離婚):
* → Japanese: 離婚(りこん) (rikon)
* → Korean: 이혼(離婚) (ihon)
* → Vietnamese: ly hôn (離婚)

/li³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² hun³³/

/li²³⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² hun³³/

/li²³⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ³³/

(intransitive) to divorce (legally dissolve one's marriage)

離婚章

Divorce, the sixty-fifth sura of the Qur'an


親戚

Sino-Xenic (親戚):
* → Japanese: 親戚(しんせき) (shinseki)
* → Korean: 친척(親戚) (chincheok)
* → Vietnamese: thân thích (親戚)

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴² t͡ɕʰit̚²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰit̚¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴² t͡ɕʰit̚²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰit̚¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

(Classical) immediate family (one's mother, father and siblings)


夫婦

/fuː⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/fu²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ hu³³/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² hu²²/

/hu³³⁻²³ hu³⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/fu²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ hu³³/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² hu²²/

/hu³³⁻²³ hu³⁵/

(collective) husband and wife; married couple (Classifier: 對／对 m)


玄孫

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ˈɕyɵn³⁵ sun⁴²/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun³³/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suŋ³³/

/ɦi²² sən⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ˈɕyɵn³⁵ sun⁴²/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun³³/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suŋ³³/

/ɦi²² sən⁴⁴/

† - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han, was the eighth generation descendant of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han

2004: 侯健美 (Hou Jianmei), 当事专家详解：为什么说张飞和曹操的亲戚关系

Hàn Xiàndì Liú Xié shì Hàn Guāngwǔdì Liú Xiù de dì bā dài xuánsūn

漢獻帝劉協是漢光武帝劉秀的第八代玄孫

汉献帝刘协是汉光武帝刘秀的第八代玄孙


小兒

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ jiː²¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ jiː²¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

/ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

小兒疾病

小儿疾病

(literary) small child; infant; children


異姓

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jiː²² sɪŋ³³/

/i³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/i³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ĩ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ĩ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jiː²² sɪŋ³³/

/i³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/i³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ĩ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/ĩ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/


鄉里

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hiũ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hĩẽ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/hĩõ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hiũ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hĩẽ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/hĩõ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

(Southern Min) village (Classifier: 個／个 mn)


豪門

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ mən³⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ mən³⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² bun¹³/


兄長

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/hiã³³ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/hiã³³ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

(literary) term of respect for a male peer


家產

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ san³¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴¹/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³/

/ke³³⁻²³ sũã⁵²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ san³¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴¹/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³/

/ke³³⁻²³ sũã⁵²/


滅族

Sino-Xenic (滅族):
* → Korean: 멸족(滅族) (myeoljok)
* → Vietnamese: diệt tộc (滅族)

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/biɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/biɛt̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/biɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/biɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/biɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/biɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/biɛt̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/biɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/biɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/biɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

(archaic) to exterminate an entire family (as a form of punishment in imperial China, and within the Sinosphere)


娘娘

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/niũ²⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/niũ²³⁻³³ niũ²³/

/niɔ̃²⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/n̠ʲiã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/niũ²⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/niũ²³⁻³³ niũ²³/

/niɔ̃²⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/n̠ʲiã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/niɒ̃⁴⁵ niɒ̃⁴⁵⁻¹¹/

/niɒ̃⁴⁵ niɒ̃⁴⁵⁻¹¹/

(dialectal) father's sister; paternal aunt


家人

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ka³³ ᵑɡin²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ka³³ ᵑɡin²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zən²¹/

您家人身體都好嗎？

您家人身体都好吗？

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

之子于歸，宜其家人。

之子于归，宜其家人。

(Classical) ordinary people; commoner; plebeian; civilian; everyday person; person of humble birth


配偶

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːi̯³³ ŋɐu̯¹³/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁵³ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/pʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡio⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/pʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋou⁵²⁻²¹/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰuːi̯³³ ŋɐu̯¹³/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/pʰue²¹⁻⁵³ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/pʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡio⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/pʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋou⁵²⁻²¹/

A U.S. citizen and an eligible spouse or dependent of a member of the Uniformed Services or Merchant Marine on active duty outside my county.

State of California Voter Registration Application

Měiguó gōngmín, qiě zài wǒ de xiàn wài fú xiànyì de měiguó jūnrén huò shāngchuán chuányuán de hégé pèi'ǒu huò bèi fǔyǎng rén.

美國公民，且在我的縣外服現役的美國軍人或商船船員的合格配偶或被撫養人。

美国公民，且在我的县外服现役的美国军人或商船船员的合格配偶或被抚养人。


家屬

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ sʊk̚²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ suk̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚¹²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ sok̚⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ sʊk̚²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ suk̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚¹²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ sok̚⁴/

病人家屬在嗎？

病人家属在吗？


小孩

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaɪ̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ xaɪ̯⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑɻ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ haːi̯²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaɪ̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ xaɪ̯⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑɻ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ haːi̯²¹/

寵壞的小孩

宠坏的小孩

親愛的小孩

亲爱的小孩

黑人小孩

一個懂事聽話的小孩

一个懂事听话的小孩

Everyone from the elderly to the children rejoiced.

Cóng lǎorén yīzhí dào xiǎohái wúbù huānxīngǔwǔ.

從老人一直到小孩無不歡欣鼓舞。

从老人一直到小孩无不欢欣鼓舞。

If no one offers assistance this kid will become permanently blind.

Rúguǒ méiyǒu rén juānzhù dehuà, zhè ge xiǎohái jiù huì yǒngyuǎn shīmíng.

如果沒有人捐助的話，這個小孩就會永遠失明。

如果没有人捐助的话，这个小孩就会永远失明。

Halloween costumes are not just for adults - the costumes of children who ask for candy can also be extraordinary!

Wànshèngjié zhuāngbàn bùshì dàrén de zhuānlì, nàxiē pāi mén tǎo tángguǒ de xiǎohái zhuāngbàn yě kěyǐ shífēn chūsè!

萬聖節裝扮不是大人的專利，那些拍門討糖果的小孩裝扮也可以十分出色！

万圣节装扮不是大人的专利，那些拍门讨糖果的小孩装扮也可以十分出色！

child; kid (person who has not yet reached adulthood) (Classifier: 個／个)

Please do not leave your child unattended.

請看管好您的小孩。

请看管好您的小孩。

child; kid (someone's son or daughter, regardless of age) (Classifier: 個／个)


家家有本難念的經

家家有本难念的经
家家有本難唸的經

every family has a text which is difficult to read

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄧㄡˇ ㄅㄣˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄋㄧㄢˋ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄐㄧㄥ

gaa¹ gaa¹ jau⁵ bun² naan⁴ nim⁶ dik¹ ging¹

jiājiā yǒu běn nán niàn de jīng [Phonetic:jiājiāyóuběnnánniàndejīng]

chia¹-chia¹ yu³ pên³ nan² nien⁴ tê⁵ ching¹

цзяцзя ю бэнь нань нянь дэ цзин

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹ d̥ə¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

gaa¹ gaa¹ jau⁵ bun² naan⁴ nim⁶ dik⁷ ging¹

/kaː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jɐu̯¹³ puːn³⁵ naːn²¹ niːm²² tɪk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

every family has a (sad or unpleasant) story; every family goes through its own problems


泰山

→ English: Tai Shan

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

死有重於泰山，輕於鴻毛 / 死有重于泰山，轻于鸿毛

sǐ yǒu zhòng yú Tàishān, qīng yú hóngmáo

Mount Tai (a mountain in Shandong, China)


泰山

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/


先父

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

(respectful, literary) one's deceased father; my late father; my dearly departed father


義父

Sino-Xenic (義父):
* → Japanese: 義父(ぎふ) (gifu)
* → Korean: 의부(義父) (uibu)
* → Vietnamese: nghĩa phụ (義父)

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/jiː²² fuː²²/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² hu²²/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ hu³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ hu²²/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/jiː²² fuː²²/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² hu²²/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ hu³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ hu²²/

(literary) godfather; (nominally) adoptive father


王室

Sino-Xenic (王室):
* → Japanese: 王室(おうしつ) (ōshitsu)
* → Korean: 왕실(王室) (wangsil)

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ sɨt̚²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ sɨt̚²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/


祖宗

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su²¹⁴ d͡z̥ʊŋ⁴/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ tɵŋ³³/

/ˈt͡su²¹³⁻¹³ t͡suŋ⁴²/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡soŋ³³/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su²¹⁴ d͡z̥ʊŋ⁴/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ tɵŋ³³/

/ˈt͡su²¹³⁻¹³ t͡suŋ⁴²/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡soŋ³³/


弟兄

/ti⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ¹/

/tɐi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ hi̯uŋ²⁴/

/ti⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ¹/

/tɐi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ hi̯uŋ²⁴/

(religion) brother (Classifier: 位 m c; 個／个 m c)


家資

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³³/


族弟

/t͡sʊk̚² tɐi̯²²/

/t͡sʊk̚² tɐi̯²²/

(archaic) a kinsmen (of the same clan) who is slightly junior to oneself


同族

Sino-Xenic (同族):
* → Japanese: 同族(どうぞく) (dōzoku)
* → Korean: 동족(同族) (dongjok)
* → Vietnamese: đồng tộc (同族)

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


家財

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai²³/


義母

Sino-Xenic (義母):
* → Japanese: 義母(ぎぼ) (gibo)
* → Korean: 의모(義母) (uimo)
* → Vietnamese: nghĩa mẫu (義母)

/i⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bo⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/i⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bo⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

(literary) godmother; (nominally) adoptive mother


子孫

Sino-Xenic (子孫):
* → Japanese: 子(し)孫(そん) (shison)
* → Korean: 자손(子孫) (jason)

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ sun⁵³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sun³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ sun⁵³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sun³³/

子孫後代

子孙后代

遺禍子孫

遗祸子孙


先祖

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

(literary) earliest ancestor; primogenitor; progenitor


祖先

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sou⁵²⁻³⁵ sõĩ³³/

/t͡sou⁵²⁻³⁵ sãĩ³³/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sou⁵²⁻³⁵ sõĩ³³/

/t͡sou⁵²⁻³⁵ sãĩ³³/

ancestors; forebears; forefathers; progenitor


外遇

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/ŋɔːi̯²² jyː²²/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ ɡu²²/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² ɡu⁴¹/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ ɡu²²/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ ɡu³³/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ ɡu³³/

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/ŋɔːi̯²² jyː²²/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ ɡu²²/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² ɡu⁴¹/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ ɡu²²/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ ɡu³³/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ ɡu³³/

他有了外遇。


當家

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍³³ ke³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ ka³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍³³ ke³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ ka³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Buddhist abbot


姥姥

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

Most of the terms are only used for female midwives.

(colloquial) maternal grandmother; grandma


姥姥

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

(colloquial) bloody hell!; bastards!; like hell!; never!


妻女

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


親生

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

to be one's own (of children, parents, etc.)


親生

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

親生仔／亲生仔 [Cantonese] ― can¹ saang¹ zai² [Jyutping] ― biological son

(attributive) one's own (children, parents, etc.); biological; birth


打發

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/

打發時間

打发时间


伯伯

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴ b̥aɪ̯⁴/

/paɪ̯⁵⁵ b̥aɪ̯²/

/pu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ pɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑʔ²⁴/

/paʔ³³ paʔ⁴⁴/

/pɑʔ⁴⁴ pɑʔ⁴⁴/

/paʔ⁵⁵ paʔ⁵⁵/

/pɤ̞²⁴ pɤ̞³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴ b̥aɪ̯⁴/

/paɪ̯⁵⁵ b̥aɪ̯²/

/pu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ pɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑʔ²⁴/

/paʔ³³ paʔ⁴⁴/

/pɑʔ⁴⁴ pɑʔ⁴⁴/

/paʔ⁵⁵ paʔ⁵⁵/

/pɤ̞²⁴ pɤ̞³/

(dialectal) paternal aunt (father's sister, or wife of father's elder brother)


婆婆

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


農戶

/nʊŋ³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/nʊŋ²¹ wuː²²/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/loŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/nʊŋ²¹ wuː²²/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/loŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/


閨女

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/kui³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/kui³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) daughter


新房

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁴² ˈfɔŋ³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ vɑ̃²¹/

/ɕin³³ ɸan¹³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁴² ˈfɔŋ³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ vɑ̃²¹/

/ɕin³³ ɸan¹³/


專業戶

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

family which engages in a specialized trade

(figurative) specialist; expert; professional


門當戶對

desc

môn đăng hộ đối

CJKV/code

môn đăng hộ đối

Sino-Xenic (門當戶對):
* → Vietnamese: môn đăng hộ đối (門當戶對)

CJKV

môn đăng hộ đối

ㄇㄣˊ ㄉㄤ ㄏㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ

мэньданхудуй

/mən³⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/muːn²¹ tɔːŋ⁵⁵ wuː²² tɵy̯³³/

/mŋ̍²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/

/mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/

/mən³⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/muːn²¹ tɔːŋ⁵⁵ wuː²² tɵy̯³³/

/mŋ̍²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/

/mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/

to be well-matched in terms of socio-economic status (for purposes of marriage); to have similar family backgrounds


新人

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

turned over a new leaf
turn over a new leaf

new person; person who has turned over a new leaf and is making a fresh start

Homo sapiens sapiens
Homo sapiens sapiens#Translingual


新人

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

(Southern Min, including Quanzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien, Shantou, Haifeng) bride


婚姻

/fɐn⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/fun²⁴⁻¹¹ in²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ in⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² in⁴⁴/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ iŋ³³/

/fɐn⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/fun²⁴⁻¹¹ in²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ in⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² in⁴⁴/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ iŋ³³/

婚姻自由

marriage with a foreigner; transnational marriage

涉外婚姻

婚姻破裂

婚姻制度

美滿婚姻

美满婚姻

第一次婚姻

to walk down the aisle; to become married

步入婚姻殿堂

他的婚姻瓦解了。

婚姻是愛情的墳墓。

婚姻是爱情的坟墓。

marriage; matrimony (Classifier: 樁／桩 m; 次 m)


親友

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (親友):
* → Japanese: 親友(しんゆう) (shin'yū)
* → Korean: 친우(親友) (chinu)
* → Vietnamese: thân hữu (親友)

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐu̯¹³/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯u²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁵³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ iu⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐu̯¹³/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯u²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁵³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ iu⁵²/


長子

Sino-Xenic (長子):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi)
* → Korean: 장자(長子) (jangja)
* → Vietnamese: trưởng tử (長子)

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡soŋ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tyøŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nɵ³³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡soŋ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tyøŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nɵ³³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/


長子

→ English: Ch'ang-tzu, Zhangzi

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Zhangzi (a county of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)


次子

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/


手足

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

(neologism, HK politics) fellow Hong Kong protestors


下堂

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

(archaic) to exit a palace building or other similar structure

(archaic, of a woman) to be divorced by her husband

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Jin, Northern Min, Jiangle Min) to finish class


下堂

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

(Xiang) to go with a remarried mother (of a small child)


出門

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ muːn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ muːn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/


公公

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/


名家

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/miã²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/miã²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/mia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/miã²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/miã²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/mia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/


奶奶

/naɪ̯²¹⁴ naɪ̯⁴/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ naɪ̯³⁵/

nai⁵⁻⁴ nai⁵⁻²

/naːi̯¹³⁻²¹ naːi̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nãi⁵⁵⁴/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁴¹/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴ naɪ̯⁴/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ naɪ̯³⁵/

/naːi̯¹³⁻²¹ naːi̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nãi⁵⁵⁴/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁴¹/

nai⁵⁻¹ nai⁵⁻¹

/naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵ naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵ nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/ne⁴⁴⁻²² ne⁴⁴/

/naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵ naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵ nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/ne⁴⁴⁻²² ne⁴⁴/

(Northern Min) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


富家

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ka³³/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ ka⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ka³³/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ ka⁴⁴/

Who doesn't want to be a rich kid born with a silver spoon? Who doesn't want to get something for nothing?

Shéi bù yuànyì yī chūshēng jiù shì hán zhe jīnyàoshi de fùjiā háizi, shéi bù yuànyì bùláo'érhuò?

誰不願意一出生就是含著金鑰匙的富家孩子，誰不願意不勞而獲？

谁不愿意一出生就是含著金钥匙的富家孩子，谁不愿意不劳而获？


子女

Sino-Xenic (子女):
* → Japanese: 子女(しじょ) (shijo)

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː³⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sɨ³¹ ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ ŋ²⁴/

/t͡sz̩³¹ n̩³¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː³⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sɨ³¹ ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ ŋ²⁴/

/t͡sz̩³¹ n̩³¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

未成年子女

子女撫養費

子女抚养费

子女最佳利益原則

子女最佳利益原则

Wayward children who are unfilial are a disappointment to their parents.

Zǐnǚ wǔnì bùxiào shízài lìng fùmǔ hánxīn.

子女忤逆不孝實在令父母寒心。

子女忤逆不孝实在令父母寒心。


親屬

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ sʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ suk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ sʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ suk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/


女婿

Sino-Xenic (女婿):
* → Japanese: 女婿(じょせい) (josei); 女婿(にょせい) (nyosei)
* → Korean: 여서(女壻) (yeoseo)

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐi̯³³/

/n̠ʲy²¹³⁻²¹ ɕy¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕi⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕy⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐi̯³³/

/n̠ʲy²¹³⁻²¹ ɕy¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕi⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕy⁴⁴/


丈人

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ in¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ n̠ʲin¹/

/t͡sɒ̃⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵ neiŋ³³/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/tiũ³³⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴/

/tĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/zɑ̃²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ in¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ n̠ʲin¹/

/t͡sɒ̃⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵ neiŋ³³/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/tiũ³³⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴/

/tĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/zɑ̃²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/


慈姑

→ Macanese: chicú

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ku⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ g̊u³/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ kuː⁵⁵/

/t͡su²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡su²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ku⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ g̊u³/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ kuː⁵⁵/

/t͡su²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡su²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

Concerning the name of the plant, Compendium of Materia Medica says

One [arrowroot] yields twelve fruits, as a kind mother gives birth to many sons, hence it is so called.

Yī gēn suì shēng shí'èr zǐ, rú cígū zhī rǔ zhū zǐ, gù yǐ míng zhī.

一根歲生十二子，如慈姑之乳諸子，故以名之。

一根岁生十二子，如慈姑之乳诸子，故以名之。

(literary) husband's mother; mother-in-law

Sagittaria sagittifolia
Sagittaria sagittifolia#Translingual

Eleocharis dulcis
Eleocharis dulcis#Translingual

(dialectal) water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis)


全家

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

祝全家安康


岳父

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/ŋɔk̚⁵ fu⁵³/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu²²/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu³³/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ vu²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/ŋɔk̚⁵ fu⁵³/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu²²/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu³³/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ vu²³/


通家

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ³³ ke³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ³³ ke³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

(literary) longstanding friendship between two families; generations of family friendship

(literary) relation by marriage; affinity


本家

Sino-Xenic (本家):
* → Japanese: 本(ほん)家(け) (honke)
* → Korean: 본가(本家) (bon'ga)

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ke³³/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ke³³/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/


大伯

/tä⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² paːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑʔ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² peʔ⁵/

/tua³³⁻²¹ peʔ³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ peʔ³²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ pɛʔ³²/

/tä⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² paːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑʔ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² peʔ⁵/

/tua³³⁻²¹ peʔ³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ peʔ³²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ pɛʔ³²/

brother-in-law (husband's elder brother)


大嫂

/tä⁵¹ sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ so⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ sɤ⁴¹/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² so⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ so⁵³/

/sua³³⁻¹¹ so⁵³/

/sua³³⁻²¹ sɤ⁴¹/

/tä⁵¹ sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ so⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ sɤ⁴¹/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² so⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ so⁵³/

/sua³³⁻¹¹ so⁵³/

/sua³³⁻²¹ sɤ⁴¹/


省親

/ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰin³³/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰin³³/

/siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

(literary) to visit one's parents or elders (living in another place)


姊妹

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tei⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔi²¹/

/t͡si²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/t͡sz̩³¹ moɪ⁵³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/t͡si⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mãi³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tei⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔi²¹/

/t͡si²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/t͡sz̩³¹ moɪ⁵³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/t͡si⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mãi³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/


子弟

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/t͡sɨ³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te²²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/t͡sɨ³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te²²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/


新郎

Sino-Xenic (新郎):
* → Japanese: 新郎(しんろう) (shinrō)
* → Korean: 신랑(新郞) (sillang)

/ɕin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ naŋ²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁴² ˈlɔŋ³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ lɒ̃¹¹/

/seiŋ⁵⁴ lɔŋ³³/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡouŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ²⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ nɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lɑ̃²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ naŋ²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁴² ˈlɔŋ³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ lɒ̃¹¹/

/seiŋ⁵⁴ lɔŋ³³/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡouŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ²⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ nɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lɑ̃²¹/


新婦

新妇
新抱
心抱
新袍
新府
新𡜵

/sɐn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mou²⁴²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pu³³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ pu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/sim⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/sim³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³³ vu⁵¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mou²⁴²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pu³³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ pu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/sim⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/sim³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³³ vu⁵¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

(literary) sister-in-law (younger brother's wife)


昆仲

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

A certain pair of brothers, whose names I shall conceal for now, were both good friends of mine back during our school days.

Lu Xun, A Madman's Diary, translated by Wikisource

Mǒu jūn kūnzhòng, jīn yǐn qí míng, jiē yú xīrì zài zhōngxuéxiào shí liángyǒu.

某君昆仲，今隱其名，皆余昔日在中學校時良友。

某君昆仲，今隐其名，皆余昔日在中学校时良友。

(archaic) elder and younger brothers; brothers


初婚

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/


家事

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/ke³³⁻²³ sɯ¹¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/ke³³⁻²³ sɯ¹¹/


家醜不可外揚

family scandals cannot be spread to the outside

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄔㄡˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ ㄨㄞˋ ㄧㄤˊ

цзячоу букэ вайян

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

what happens in the family stays in the family; don't wash your dirty linen in public


老小

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/l̃o³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieu³³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/l̃o³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieu³³/


部族

Sino-Xenic (部族):
* → Japanese: 部族(ぶぞく) (buzoku)
* → Korean: 부족(部族) (bujok)
* → Vietnamese: bộ tộc (部族)


姑姑

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ kuː⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ kuː⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/


同性婚姻

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄣ ㄧㄣ

тунсин хуньинь

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³ fɐn⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³ fɐn⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/


同志婚姻

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓˋ ㄏㄨㄣ ㄧㄣ

тунчжи хуньинь

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³³ fɐn⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³³ fɐn⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/


小弟弟

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄧˋ ˙ㄉㄧ

siu² di⁶⁻⁴ di⁶⁻²

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ d̥i¹/

siu² di⁶⁻⁴ di⁶⁻²

xiu² di⁶⁻⁴ di⁶⁻²

/siːu̯³⁵ tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ d̥i¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/


一族

Sino-Xenic (一族):
* → Japanese: 一族(いちぞく) (ichizoku)
* → Korean: 일족(一族) (iljok)

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/


兒女

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ nɵy̯¹³/

/(j)i¹¹ ŋ̍³¹/

/li²⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² li⁵³/

/d͡zi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nɯŋ⁵²/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ nɵy̯¹³/

/(j)i¹¹ ŋ̍³¹/

/li²⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² li⁵³/

/d͡zi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nɯŋ⁵²/

(literally) son and daughter; sons and daughters


富二代

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jiː²² tɔːi̯²²/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jiː²² tɔːi̯²²/

(neologism) one who belongs to the second generation of a wealthy family


新娘

/ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ nʲiaŋ²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/ɬin³³ ⁿdiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ɕin⁴² ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/sin²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiɔŋ¹¹/

/seiŋ⁵⁴ niɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ nʲiaŋ²¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/ɬin³³ ⁿdiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ɕin⁴² ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/sin²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiɔŋ¹¹/

/seiŋ⁵⁴ niɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/


嫂子

/sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sau⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/sɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sau⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/sɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


叔叔

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/suəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ suəʔ²/

/soʔ³³ soʔ⁴⁴/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/suəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ suəʔ²/

/soʔ³³ soʔ⁴⁴/

(often childish) uncle (term of address for a man around one's father's age or slightly younger)


爺爺

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ³⁵/

/iɛ²¹ iɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ie¹¹ ie¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ɦia²² ɦia⁴⁴/

/i̯e̞¹³ i̯e̞³/

/i̯e̞¹¹ i̯e̞¹¹/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ³⁵/

/iɛ²¹ iɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ie¹¹ ie¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ɦia²² ɦia⁴⁴/

/i̯e̞¹³ i̯e̞³/

/i̯e̞¹¹ i̯e̞¹¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ i̯a̠³/

/jɛː²¹ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/i̯a̠¹³ i̯a̠³/


孤兒

Sino-Xenic (孤兒):
* → Japanese: 孤(こ)児(じ) (koji)
* → Korean: 고아(孤兒) (goa)
* → Vietnamese: cô nhi (孤兒)

/ku⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/

/kou³³⁻²³ d͡zi⁵⁵/

/ku³³⁻²³ d͡zi⁵⁵/

/ku⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/

/kou³³⁻²³ d͡zi⁵⁵/

/ku³³⁻²³ d͡zi⁵⁵/

orphan (a minor, both of whose parents have died)

孤兒寡母

孤儿寡母


後裔

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² jɵy̯²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ e²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ i²²/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ e²¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ e¹¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ i²¹/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ i³⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² jɵy̯²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ e²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ i²²/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ e²¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ e¹¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ i²¹/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ i³⁵/

I had a dream yesterday night. It was as if I was about to purchase Confucius's house from a descendant of his. That is to say, he was Confucius's descendant by the 47th or 48th generation, and that was all.

Jeon'ya mong, yeo yak jang maechwi Gongja ji taek u Gongja ji huye, jeuk Gaongja sasip chil pal dae son un'i

前夜夢，余若將買取孔子之宅于孔子之後裔，卽孔子四十七八代孫云爾。


一夫一妻

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ fu⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ fu⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/


親父

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ fuː²²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ fuː²²/


門第

/muːn²¹ tɐi̯²²/

/bun²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² te²²/

/bun¹³⁻²² te²²/

/muːn²¹ tɐi̯²²/

/bun²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² te²²/

/bun¹³⁻²² te²²/


嫁妝

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥u̯ɑŋ¹/

/t͡ɕia²¹³ t͡suaŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ka³⁵ t͡sɔŋ²/

/ka⁵³ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵³³/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/ke²¹⁻⁴² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kɛ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯŋ³³/

/ka³³ t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/kɑ⁴² t͡sɑ̃⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕy̯æn³³/

/kɔ³⁵ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥u̯ɑŋ¹/

/t͡ɕia²¹³ t͡suaŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ka³⁵ t͡sɔŋ²/

/ka⁵³ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵³³/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/ke²¹⁻⁴² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kɛ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ke²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯŋ³³/

/ka³³ t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/kɑ⁴² t͡sɑ̃⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕy̯æn³³/

/kɔ³⁵ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³/


三族

Sino-Xenic (三族):
* → Korean: 삼족(三族) (samjok)
* → Vietnamese: tam tộc (三族)

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

(literary) three generations (parents, siblings, and children)


渭陽

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Weiyang (an ancient placename north of the Wei River)


家裡

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɵy̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɵy̯¹³/

他家裡有錢。

他家里有钱。

There is more than one person (living) in the household.

家裡不止一個人。

家里不止一个人。

He is writing a letter to sever relations with his family.

Tā zài xiě gěi jiālǐ duànjué guānxì de xìn.

他在寫給家裡斷絕關係的信。

他在写给家里断绝关系的信。


婚約

/xu̯ən⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ jœːk̚³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² iɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² iak̚³²/

/xu̯ən⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ jœːk̚³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² iɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² iak̚³²/


老頭子

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯³³ d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯³³ d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


老頭

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(often disrespectful) old man; old fellow

(colloquial, non-face-to-face) old man (father)


老頭

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(non-face-to-face) elder in the family, especially dad


媽咪

/maː⁵⁵ miː²¹/

/maː⁵⁵ miː²¹/

Partial phono-semantic matching of English mummy or mommy.

psm

(chiefly Taiwan or Cantonese) mummy; mommy


細佬

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯³⁵/

開學未呀，細佬？

开学未呀，细佬？

(Cantonese) A term of address for little boys whom one does not know well.


細妹

/sɐi̯³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/


親母

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

(Du'an Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Zhejiang Wu) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)

(dialectal Hakka) paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)

(dialectal Mandarin, Conghua Cantonese, Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)

(Yunnan Mandarin, Wenzhounese) maternal aunt (mother's sister)


教母

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


教父

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/kaːu̯³³ fuː²²/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hu²²/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hu³³/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hu³³/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ hu²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/kaːu̯³³ fuː²²/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hu²²/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hu³³/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hu³³/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ hu²²/


次男

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/


公太

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

(Hakka) great-grandfather (particularly paternal grandfather's father)


訂婚

/tiŋ⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² fɐn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ³³ fɐn⁵⁵/

/tiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huoŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² hun³³/

/tiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiŋ⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² fɐn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ³³ fɐn⁵⁵/

/tiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huoŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² hun³³/

/tiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

文定

originally literary, now used figuratively


成家

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/t͡sʰiã²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiã¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) young lady; miss

(Jianghuai Mandarin, including Hong'an) sister-in-law (wife's sister)


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(Xiang, Zhao'an Hakka, endearing) little girl


爺娘

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

No sound of her parents hailing their girl, just the rumbling waters of the Yellow River.

bù wén yéniáng huàn nǚ shēng, dàn wén Huánghé liúshuǐ míng jiànjiàn

不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺

不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅

(literary or Gan, Hakka, Xiang, Wu) parents

毋識字怨爺娘，毋會賺錢怨屋場 / 毋识字怨爷娘，毋会赚钱怨屋场

m̀ sṳt-sṳ yen yà-ngiòng, m̀-voi chhon-chhièn yen vuk-chhòng

爺娘想子長江水，子想爺娘擔竿長 / 爷娘想子长江水，子想爷娘担竿长

yà-ngiòng sióng chṳ́ chhòng-kông súi, chṳ́ sióng yà-ngiòng tam-kôn chhòng


家務

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ vu⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋu⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ bu³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/ke³³⁻²³ bu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ vu⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋu⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ bu³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/ke³³⁻²³ bu³⁵/

My younger brother is really lazy; he doesn't do any chores.

Wǒ de dìdi fēicháng lǎn, yīdiǎn jiāwù dōu bùhuì zuò.

我的弟弟非常懶，一點家務都不會做。

我的弟弟非常懒，一点家务都不会做。


家眷

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕia²⁴ t͡ɕyæ̃⁵¹/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ kuaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕia²⁴ t͡ɕyæ̃⁵¹/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ kuaŋ²¹³/


嫂嫂

/sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ sɑʊ̯⁴/

/sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ sɑʊ̯⁴/

(regional) sister-in-law (elder brother's wife)


舅舅

kau⁵⁻² kau⁵⁻²

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯¹/

/t͡ɕiəu²¹³ t͡ɕiəu²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

kau⁵⁻² kau⁵⁻²

keo⁵⁻² keo⁵⁻²

/kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵ kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/ku³⁵⁻¹¹ ku³⁵/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯əu̯³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯¹/

/t͡ɕiəu²¹³ t͡ɕiəu²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵ kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/ku³⁵⁻¹¹ ku³⁵/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯əu̯³/

(colloquial) maternal uncle (mother's brother)


舅父

kau⁵⁻³ fu⁶⁻²

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

kau⁵⁻³ fu⁶⁻²

keo⁵⁻³ fu⁶⁻²

/kʰɐu̯¹³ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³³ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³³ fuː²²⁻³⁵/


舅母

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ mu¹/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ mou̯¹³/

/kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³³ mou̯¹³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ mu¹/

/kʰɐu̯¹³ mou̯¹³/

/kʰɐu̯¹³⁻³³ mou̯¹³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

maternal aunt (wife of mother's brother)

> - wife of mother's elder brother; < - wife of mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face


大娘

/tä⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² nœːŋ²¹/

/ˈtʰo¹¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ niɒ̃¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/d̥ai̯²¹³ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

/tä⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² nœːŋ²¹/

/ˈtʰo¹¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ niɒ̃¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/d̥ai̯²¹³ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

(dialectal, chiefly northern China) paternal aunt (wife of father's eldest brother)

(Hengyang Xiang) maternal aunt (one's mother's elder sister)


嬸嬸

/ʂən²¹⁴ ʂən⁴/

/sən⁵³ sən⁵³⁻²¹/

/ʂəŋ⁵¹ ʂəŋ²⁴/

/sɐm³⁵ sɐm³⁵/

/sɨn²¹³⁻²¹ sɨn¹/

/səŋ⁵³ səŋ⁵³⁻¹¹/

/sən³³ sən⁴⁴/

/sən⁵² sən³³/

/ʂən⁴¹ ʂən³/

/ʂən²¹⁴ ʂən⁴/

/sən⁵³ sən⁵³⁻²¹/

/ʂəŋ⁵¹ ʂəŋ²⁴/

/sɐm³⁵ sɐm³⁵/

/sɨn²¹³⁻²¹ sɨn¹/

/səŋ⁵³ səŋ⁵³⁻¹¹/

/sən³³ sən⁴⁴/

/sən⁵² sən³³/

/ʂən⁴¹ ʂən³/

(colloquial) paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


姑母

/ku⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


姑媽

/kuː⁵⁵ maː⁵⁵/

/kɔ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ³³ ma⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/kuː⁵⁵ maː⁵⁵/

/kɔ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ³³ ma⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

> - older than paternal grandfather; < - younger than paternal grandfather

(Philippine Hokkien) paternal grandaunt (paternal grandfather's sister)


姑父

/kuː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

/kuː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

paternal uncle (husband of father's sister)


妹夫

/meɪ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u⁵⁵/

/bə⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/be²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mãi²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u⁵⁵/

/bə⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/be²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mãi²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)


氏族

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (氏族):
* → Japanese: 氏族(しぞく) (shizoku)
* → Korean: 씨족(氏族) (ssijok)
* → Vietnamese: thị tộc (氏族)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/si²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/si²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/si²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/si²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/si²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/si²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


後代

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² tɔːi̯²²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/au³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/au²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hiɤ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/au³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ te³³/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ to¹¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² tɔːi̯²²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/au³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/au²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/hiɤ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/au³³⁻²¹ te³³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ te³³/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ to¹¹/


孫郎

/suŋ³⁵⁻³³ lɔ²²/

/suŋ³⁵⁻³³ lɔ²²/

(Leizhou Min) nephew-in-law (husband of brother's daughter)


未婚妻

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/mei̯²² fɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/vi⁵⁵ fun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/bi²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻²² hun³³ t͡sʰe³³/

/bi²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/bi³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/bi³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/mei̯²² fɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/vi⁵⁵ fun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/bi²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻²² hun³³ t͡sʰe³³/

/bi²²⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/bi³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/bi³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/


未婚夫

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/mei̯²² fɐn⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/vi⁵⁵ fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ən⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/mei̯²² fɐn⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/vi⁵⁵ fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/


卡桑

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁴¹ saŋ²¹/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵³ saŋ¹¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁴¹ saŋ²¹/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵³ saŋ¹¹/

Borrowed from Japanese お母(かあ)さん (okāsan).


多桑

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔ²¹⁻⁵³ saŋ²¹/

/tɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ saŋ²¹/

/to¹¹⁻⁵³ saŋ¹¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔ²¹⁻⁵³ saŋ²¹/

/tɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ saŋ²¹/

/to¹¹⁻⁵³ saŋ¹¹/

Borrowed from Japanese お父(とう)さん (otōsan).

2012, “前輩”, 許常德 [Adam Hsu] (lyrics), 吳嘉祥 (music)performed by 阿良偉 and 張玉霞:

Father is my elder; my personality was shaped by him

tò͘-sàng sī góa ê chiân-pòe, gún ê kò-sèng sī i lâi khek-ōe

多桑是我的前輩 阮的個性是伊來刻畫

多桑是我的前辈 阮的个性是伊来刻画


長男

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/


長女

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

zêng² nêu⁵⁻²

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li⁴¹/

The son was named Chengzu, the eldest daughter Yuying, the second daughter Taoying, and the third daughter Yueying. Yuying was the eldest of the four and Chengzu the son was the second.

Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World, 1627 CE

Shēngxià sān nǚ yī nán: érzǐ míng yuē Chéngzǔ, chángnǚ míng Yùyīng, cìnǚ míng Táoyīng, sānnǚ míng Yuèyīng. Yuánlái shì xiānhuāhòuguǒ de, dǎoshì Yùyīng jū cháng, cì jí Chéngzǔ.

生下三女一男：兒子名曰承祖，長女名玉英，次女名桃英，三女名月英。元來是先花後果的，倒是玉英居長，次即承祖。

生下三女一男：儿子名曰承祖，长女名玉英，次女名桃英，三女名月英。元来是先花后果的，倒是玉英居长，次即承祖。


男孩子

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/naːm²¹ haːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/naːm²¹ haːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


始祖

Sino-Xenic (始祖):
* → Japanese: 始祖(しそ) (shiso)
* → Korean: 시조(始祖) (sijo)
* → Vietnamese: thuỷ tổ (始祖)

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/sɨ³¹ t͡su³¹/

/t͡sʰɨ³¹ t͡su³¹/

/sɨ³¹ t͡su³¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/sɨ³¹ t͡su³¹/

/t͡sʰɨ³¹ t͡su³¹/

/sɨ³¹ t͡su³¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

(literally) earliest ancestor; primogenitor; progenitor


家長

Sino-Xenic (家長):
* → Japanese: 家(か)長(ちょう) (kachō)
* → Korean: 가장(家長) (gajang)
* → Vietnamese: gia trưởng (家長)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/ka³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/ke³³⁻²³ tĩẽ⁵²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/ka³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ⁵³/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/ke³³⁻²³ tĩẽ⁵²/

Semantically parallel to Proto-Indo-European *déms pótis (“master of the house”), whence Ancient Greek δεσπότης (despótēs), Sanskrit दम्पति (dampati), etc.

ncog

Ruò chùjiā dézuì yú jiācháng, yóu yǒu línjiā suǒ bìtáo zhī.

若處家得罪於家長，猶有鄰家所避逃之。

若处家得罪于家长，犹有邻家所避逃之。

head of a household; family head; patriarch


阿媽

/aː³³ maː⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã²³/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵⁵/

/aː³³ maː⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã²³/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵⁵/

阿妈
阿妈
阿嬤
俺媽
俺嬤
阿罵
阿妈
阿馬
阿瑪


蜜月

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蜜月):
* → Japanese: 蜜月(みつげつ) (mitsugetsu)
* → Korean: 밀월(蜜月) (mirwol)
* → Vietnamese: mật nguyệt (蜜月)

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/miʔ⁵⁻³³ ŋuoʔ⁵/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/bit̚²⁴⁻² ɡuat̚²⁴/

/bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡuat̚¹²¹/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/miɪʔ¹¹ ɦyɪʔ²³/

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/miʔ⁵⁻³³ ŋuoʔ⁵/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/bit̚²⁴⁻² ɡuat̚²⁴/

/bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡuat̚¹²¹/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² ɡuat̚⁴/

/miɪʔ¹¹ ɦyɪʔ²³/

度蜜月


布袋

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ te³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tə⁴¹/

/pou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ to¹¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ te³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tə⁴¹/

/pou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ to¹¹/

(literary) son-in-law married into the daughter's family


布袋

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ te³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tə⁴¹/

/pou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ to¹¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/

/pou̯³³ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ te³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tə⁴¹/

/pou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ to¹¹/

(～鎮) Budai (an urban township in Chiayi County, Taiwan)


兄弟姐妹

ㄒㄩㄥ ㄉㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄟˋ

сюнди цземэй

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²² t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²² t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛ²⁴² t͡sia³³⁻⁵⁵ mui²¹³/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di³³ t͡ɕi³³ me⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²² t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²² t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di³³ t͡ɕi³³ me⁴⁴/

你有兄弟姐妹嗎？

你有兄弟姐妹吗？

(collective) elder brother, younger brother, elder sister and younger sister; brothers and sisters; siblings


婚外

/xu̯ən⁵⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn⁵⁵ ŋɔːi̯²²/

/xu̯ən⁵⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn⁵⁵ ŋɔːi̯²²/

(attributive) extramarital; outside of marriage


老太太

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/lou̯¹³ tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/lau²² tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/lou̯¹³ tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/lau²² tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/