馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (馬):
* → Japanese: 馬(ば) (ba)
* → Korean: 마(馬) (ma)
* → Vietnamese: mã (馬, “(xiangqi) horse; (chess) knight”)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *maːꟲ (“horse”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: max
Zhuang: max
Central Tai
Tày: mạ
Nùng: mạ
Nong Zhuang: max
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Ahom: 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā), 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa)
Thai: ม้า (máa)
Northern Thai: ᨾ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ມ້າ (mā)
Lü: ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²)
Tai Dam: ꪣ꫁ꪱ
Shan: မႃႉ (mâ̰a)
Tai Nüa: ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa)

desc

→ Thai: เบ๊ (bée, “horse”) (via Teochew)

Cursive script (East Asia)
Semi-cursive script

Pictogram (象形) – a horse with its head facing the left, showing a flowing mane in the wind. In the bronze inscriptions, the head was often simplified into an eye (目 (mù)). The legs eventually evolved into four dots (灬 (huǒ), unrelated to 火 (huǒ)).
Contrast with 鹿 (lù, “deer”), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (as in 薦 /荐 (jiàn)), which is a hybrid: it has the legs of 馬 (灬 (huǒ)) but the head of 鹿 (lù).
“Horse” – from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ. The sense of “big” is derived from “horse”; compare the English uses of horse.
For the insect prefix sense, see 螞 /蚂. It has converged with the sense of “big”.
The surname is popularly known to be prevalent among Hui Muslims, where it is likely derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “Muhammad”), although the surname 馬 itself predates Islam.

马
𫠉
傌
𢒗
𢒠
𢒧
𩡬
𩡮
抹
碼

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

(xiangqi) knight; horse: 🩪 (sometimes only on the black side)


車

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (車):
* → Japanese: 車(しゃ) (sha)
* → Korean: 차(車) (cha), 거(車) (geo)
* → Vietnamese: xa (車)

→ Vietnamese: xe (車, “wheeled vehicle”)

→ Zhuang: ci (“vehicle”)

Pictogram (象形) – originally a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田 (OC *l'iːŋ). Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla) is a vertical depiction of a carriage.
Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) and 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew) are not derived from 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla).
Perhaps a loan from an Indo-European language because the horse and chariot were introduced into China around 1200 BC from Inner Asia; compare Tocharian A kukäl, Tocharian B kokale (“wagon; cart”) (Mair, 1990, Bauer, 1994), from Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)le, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos, a form of *kʷel- (“to turn”). Cognate with English wheel, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Lithuanian kaklas (“neck”), etc.
An older variant survives in Mandarin 軲轆／轱辘 (gūlu, “wheel”) (Bauer, 1994). Alternatively, the word is a derivation by k-prefix from 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); compare the semantic parallel in Tibetan ཐེག་པ (theg pa, “vehicle; carriage”) (OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) and 居 (OC *kas) (Schuessler, 2007). Pronunciation 2 is traditionally regarded as the older pronunciation.
The sense of lewd content is derived from 老司機 /老司机 (lǎosījī).

cog

(xiangqi) chariot; rook: 🩫 (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


象

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (象):
* → Japanese: 象(ぞう) (zō); 象(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 상(象) (sang)
* → Vietnamese: tượng (象)

→ Proto-Turkic:

→? Bulgar:

→? Chuvash: сӑлан (sălan)

→? Proto-Slavic: *slonъ

→ Common Turkic: *yaŋan

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 (yaŋa)

→ Western Yugur: yaŋan

→ Kalmyk: зан (zan)

→ Mongolian: заан (zaan)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”)

Lao: ຊ້າງ (sāng)

Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²)

Northern Thai: ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ (cang)

Saek: ซาง

Shan: ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang)

Tai Dam: ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ

Tai Nüa: ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang)

Thai: ช้าง (cháang)

desc

→ Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *tsaŋ (“elephant”)

Burmese: ဆင် (hcang)

→ Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")

Mon: စိၚ် (coiŋ)

→ Proto-Vietic: *ʔa-ɟaːŋ (“elephant”)

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of an elephant. ⺈ represents the trunk, 𫩏 represents the head, and 𧰨 represents the body.
This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.
Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in Han Feizi First attested in c. 221 BCE: “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called 象.”
Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.
As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. Schuessler, 2007) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese 象 should be compared with Tibetan གླང (glang), གླང་ཆེན (glang chen, “elephant”) arising from a common Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“ox, bull; elephant”), which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin (Behr, 2004). The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST *glaŋ to 犅 (OC *klaːŋ, “ox, bull”).
See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

inh

(xiangqi) elephant: 🩩 (on the black side) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


士

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (士):
* → Japanese: 士(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(士) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: sĩ (士)

Pictogram (象形) – a war axe. Later, it took the meaning of "soldier" and eventually "officer, intellectual". Partly related to 王 since in at least two characters it should represent a ritual axe, perhaps made of jade: in fact, it is related to 圭 and 金 despite their appearence.
;"bachelor, man, male"
:*Reminiscent of Austroasiatic synonyms like Old Khmer si (“male”) or MK words for "man, male" like *ʔŋsiil, *ensir, *kəsəy on the Malay Peninsula; Schuessler (2007) noted that foreign *-r sometimes left traces in OC initial complex. These relations, if, valid, would keep 士₁ "bachelor, man, male" distinct from 士₂ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar".
;"take or give an office, serve", "servant", "retainer", "officer", "scholar"
:*Schuessler (2007) noted that one could naturally assume the semantic development "male > man > servant > to serve" in order to posit that 士₁ "bachelor, man, male" is the same word as 士₂ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar". Yet, the exopassive derivation 事 (OC *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs) "assignment, affair, thing" and Tibeto-Burman counterparts demonstrated no association with "man, maleness"; & "male" hardly derives from "to serve".
:*Therefore, Schuessler derived these forms from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "envoy, jail official, matchmaker" & proposed ultimate Austroasiatic origins. In terms of phonology, MC *dʐ- normally does not occur with *l- and *ʂ in an ST word-family, apparently confirming a non-ST provenance; however, MC *dʐ- here could go back to OC *s-r- (unlike MC *ʂ-, which is from OC *sr)
:*Subsequenly, Schuessler posited either relation to Austroasiatic or OC loan into Tibeto-Burman as Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ-dzəj (“send on an errant”) (Matisoff, 2003), whence Burmese စာ (ca, “thing”) & Tibetan རྫས (rdzas, “thing, matter, object”) (Gong, 1999). Even so, Tibeto-Burman cognates of this etymon and 所 (suǒ) are difficult to distinguish.

cog

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩨 (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)


仕

See 士 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar, gentleman"

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩡 (on the red side)


傌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Han compound

(xiangqi) horse; knight: 🩣 (on the red side)


傌

(historical) a kind of punishment during the Han Dynasty


兵

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon. Unrelated to 丘.

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩦 (on the red side)


包

Sino-Xenic (包):
* → Vietnamese: bao (包)

→ English: bao, bau, bow, pao, pau

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉ាវ (num paaw)

⇒ Lao: ກະລາເປົ໋າ (ka lā pao)

→ Malay: pau

⇒ Thai: ซาลาเปา (saa-laa-bpao)

Pictogram (象形) – a fetus (巳 (sì)) in the womb (勹), or a swaddled baby. Shuowen gives both interpretations.


卒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卒):
* → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
* → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
* → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):
# : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script );
# : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
# (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script ; Chu slip and silk script );
# (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
# ,: 𧙻 having 又 omitted.
The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).
From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)


吃

Wutunhua: qe

→ Japanese: 吃(チー) (chī)

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound 形聲 /形声 (xíngshēng): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).
According to folk etymologies, 乞 in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare 气, which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人 / 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén


后

Oracle bone inscriptions often wrote 后 as 毓, depicting a woman giving birth. Wang Guowei posits the meaning extended from childbirth to succession, then to empress. In the modern form, the birthing figure would be 𠂆 and the child figure 𠮛.
According to Kōjien and 学研漢和大字典, ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 人 (“person (variant form)”) + 口 (“hole”) — a depiction of a person's (人) anus, with the additional meaning of “behind”, “rear”, as well as coming to mean “emperor/empress”, who would live in a palace “behind” worldly troubles.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Cognate with Tibetan གོ (go, “head; headman”), མགོ (mgo, “head, top, beginning”).


嗊

(xiangqi, Hokkien) general or marshal; the king piece (on the black side) or the chief piece (on the red side)


將

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on a small cutting board and/or sacrifical table. 爿 partly indicates pronunciation and doesn't represent a bed in this character. The sacrifical meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).
A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.
; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
; anteposed object introductory particle

將死

将死


將

(xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)


帥

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.
Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

cog

(xiangqi) marshal: 🩠, the chief piece (on the red side)


征

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjeŋ): semantic 彳 + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight”). Also ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意).
Simplified from 徵 (徵 → 正) as well as existing already as a traditional character.
From 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight”); see there for more.


抽

desc

→ Mongolian: татах (tatax, “to inhale”) (semantic loan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
The slang sense is short for 抽風／抽风 (chōufēng).

Han compound

將軍抽車

将军抽车


棋

→ Lü: ᦌᦲᧉ (sii²)

/kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡɯ): semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).

Han compound

我們連下了三局棋。

我们连下了三局棋。

board game, usually excluding those played with cards (牌 (pái))

an instance of playing such games (Classifier: 局; 盤／盘)

落棋無悔／落棋无悔

You should not take back your (Go) stone once it is dropped.

Don't just only think of capturing the opponent's pieces.

不要光想著吃對方的棋。

不要光想着吃对方的棋。

In chess, each player has sixteen pieces.

Zài guójìxiàngqí zhōng, měirén yǒu shíliù méi qí.

在國際象棋中，每人有十六枚棋。

在国际象棋中，每人有十六枚棋。

hai² gwok³ zai³ zoeng⁶ kei⁴⁻² dou⁶, mui⁵ jan⁴ jau⁵ sap⁶ luk⁶ zek³ kei⁴⁻².

喺國際象棋度，每人有十六隻棋。

喺国际象棋度，每人有十六只棋。

piece; counter used in such games (Classifier: 枚 m; 隻／只 c)

圍棋／围棋

跳棋 ― tiàoqí ― checkers

Reversi is a board game invented in the 19th century.

Hēibáiqí shì 19 shìjì fāmíng de yī zhǒng qí.

黑白棋是19世紀發明的一種棋。

黑白棋是19世纪发明的一种棋。


殺

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.
In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as 杀). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形): 人 (“person”) + 又 (“right hand”), which was later corrupted into 殳 (“spear”) or 攴, was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.
The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sreːds, *sreːd): phonetic 𣏂 () + semantic 殳 (“spear”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, “to kill”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), Japhug sat (“to kill”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Han compound

杀
𣏂
煞
閷
𢁛
𢽅
𢿹
𢽆
𢼡
𢿔
𢽘
𣪩
𧤿
𧜁

(chess) to mate; short for 將殺／将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")


炮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (砲 /炮):
* → Japanese: 砲(ほう) (hō)
* → Korean: 포(砲) (po)
* → Vietnamese: pháo (砲)

→ Tuvan: боо (boo)

Mongolic:

→ Buryat: буу (buu)

→ Daur: pau

→ Dongxiang: pao

→ Kalmyk: бу (bu)

→ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠤ (buu) / буу (buu)

Tungusic:

→ Manchu: ᡦᠣᠣ (poo)

→ Nanai: пао (pao)

→ Orok: пау (pau)

→ Ulch: пау

→ Nivkh: пʼау (pʼau)

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː): semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).


王

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王):
* → Japanese: 王(おう) (ō)
* → Okinawan: 王(をー) (wō)
* → Korean: 왕(王) (wang)
* → Vietnamese: vương (王)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)

Cyrillic script: ван (van)

→ Buryat: ван (van)

→ English: Wang (via Mandarin), Wong (via Cantonese), Ong (via Hokkien), Heng (via Teochew)

→ Iu Mien: hungh

→ Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

→ Middle Mongol: (via Early Mandarin)

Uigurjin script: ᠣᠩ (ʾwnk /oŋ/)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 (oŋ) (via Early Mandarin), 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 (wʾnk /waŋ/) (via Early Mandarin)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ)

→ Tagalog: Ong (via Hokkien), Wong (via Cantonese), Wang (via Mandarin)

→ Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ng) (via Hokkien)

→ Zhuang: vuengz

Chinese bronze inscriptions
Konyak languages
Zhou dynasty

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) of a ritual axe made perhaps of jade, a symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.
The traditional interpretation (most likely a folk etymology given the original appearence of the character) is that the character metaphorically indicates the king or emperor according to the ancient Chinese thought: three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth, and the vertical stroke is the king or emperor, the one who connects them together. However, compare 天 (tiān) (a man with a horizontal stroke above his head to indicate the sky).
Unrelated to 玉 (yù, “a string with three pieces of jade”) and 主 (“master”); partly related to 士 (a war axe and, perhaps, sometimes a variant of 王), to 戉 (an axe drawn vertically), to the inner component of 匡 (kuāng, “square‑shaped bamboo basket”), and to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Uncertain. There are many proposed etymologies:
* Sagart and Baxter (2009) compare it to Tibetan གོང་མ (gong ma, “superior one”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Tibetan དབང (dbang, “strength, power”) and Burmese အန် (an, “strength, power”), which derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ (“strength, power”). However, reconstructing the Old Chinese as *waŋ, he notes the mismatch between Old Chinese *w- vs. Tibetan *b- (unless *dw- can become db-; for possible *b- ~ * w- variation, see 花). He also compares it to Proto-Northern Naga *waŋ (“chief”).
* Schuessler (2007) alternatively proposes a connection to Old Khmer vāṅ, vaṅ (modern Khmer វាំង (veăng), “royal palace”), which he considers to be cognate with Khmer ហ្លួង (luŏng, “king”). This is perhaps supported by a bronze inscription where 王 refers to a place, not the Zhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallels Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“pharaoh”, literally “palace”), from pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”). The connection to the Old Khmer word would thus relate it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ ~ *waaŋ (“enclosure; to go round”), which is part of a larger Austroasiatic word family, including 營 (OC *ɢʷeŋ) and 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn). Bodman (1980) connects 王 with 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “sovereign”), which Schuessler (2007) connects to this word family.
* Speculations exist about its connection to 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “lame, crippled”) and 狂 (OC *ɡʷaŋ, “mad”), based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Keightley, 1995).


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *baːn): phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

win by opponent's resignation (literally, "mid-game win")

中盤勝

中盘胜


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.


食

Pictogram (象形): a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.

Han compound

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

When playing blind chess, a rook can capture knights, cannons, advisors, bishops or pawns.

waan⁴⁻² maang⁴ kei⁴⁻² ge³ si⁴ hau⁶, geoi¹ ho² ji⁵ sik⁶ maa⁵, paau³, si⁶, zoeng⁶, zeot¹.

玩盲棋嘅時候，車可以食馬、炮、士、象、卒。

玩盲棋嘅时候，车可以食马、炮、士、象、卒。

(Cantonese, Hakka, board games) to capture


食

→ Indonesian: ciak

→ Thai: เจี๊ยะ (jía)

Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *tsiaʔ⁸ and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Min *dziak (in Norman's system).
While often considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it is unlikely to be related to etymology 1 (Norman, 1991; Klöter, 2005; Fuehrer and Yang, 2014). Schuessler (2007) suggests it derives from 嚼 (“to chew”) (probably based on Norman's unpublished manuscripts).

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, board games) to capture


當局者迷，旁觀者清

ㄉㄤ ㄐㄩˊ ㄓㄜˇ ㄇㄧˊ

ㄆㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄜˇ ㄑㄧㄥ

dong¹ guk⁶ ze² mai⁴, pong⁴ gun¹ ze² cing¹

данцзюйчжэ ми

пангуаньчжэ цин

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi³⁵ pʰɑŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

dong¹ guk⁹ dze² mai⁴, pong⁴ gun¹ dze² tsing¹

dong¹ gug⁶ zé² mei⁴, pong⁴ gun¹ zé² qing¹

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵ mɐi̯²¹ pʰɔːŋ²¹ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

当局者迷，旁观者清
當局者迷，傍觀者清

Those involved in the matter are easily blinded to the truth, and those not involved can see things clearly.

Lookers-on see most of the game
lookers-on see most of the game


棋士

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ siː²²/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ siː²²/


先手

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

(board games, go, chess, xiangqi, etc.) offensive; move that carries a significant threat; a move forcing the opponent to respond; a move with tempo


後手

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐu̯²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐu̯²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/au³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/


中盤

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ puã²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ puã²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/


圍棋

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/uei²¹ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/vi²² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈui³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/ʋi¹¹ kʰi¹¹/

/vei¹¹ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/ui⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i⁵³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ui²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/ui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/ɦue²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

/u̯e̞i̯¹³ t͡ɕi¹³/

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/uei²¹ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/wɐi̯²¹ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/vi²² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈui³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/ʋi¹¹ kʰi¹¹/

/vei¹¹ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/ui⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i⁵³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/ui²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ui²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/ui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/ɦue²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

/u̯e̞i̯¹³ t͡ɕi¹³/


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/


著數

→ English: jetso
→ Cantonese: jetso, so

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚² sou̯³⁵/


招數

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/


天元

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (天元):
* → Japanese: 天元(てんげん) (tengen)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(go) The point at the center of the board.


棋聖

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/


小卒

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


城堡

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ pʰou⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵⁵⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵³/

/siã²³⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/zən²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ pʰou⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² po⁵⁵⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² po⁵³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵³/

/siã²³⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/zən²² pɔ⁴⁴/


上士

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

(xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) forward diagonally


下士

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕia²¹³ sz̩²¹³/

/ɕia⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/haː²² siː²²/

/ɕia⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ha³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕia²¹³ sz̩²¹³/

/ɕia⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/haː²² siː²²/

/ɕia⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ha³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

(xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) back one step diagonally


象棋

→ English: xiangqi

Japanese: 象(シャン)棋(チー) (shanchī)

→ Mongolian: шянчи (šjanči)

Okinawan: 象(ちゅん)棋(じー) (chunjī)

Sylheti: ꠌꠦꠋꠇꠤ (seṅki)

→ Zhuang: geizciengh (calque)

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ²¹³ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

zêng⁶ kéi⁴⁻²

/t͡sœːŋ²² kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² kʰei̯²¹/

/tiaŋ³² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/ɕiɔŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/si̯oŋ⁵⁵ kʰi¹¹/

/siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʰi¹¹/

/ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/siɔŋ⁵⁵ ki²¹/

/t͡sʰuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³/

/t͡sʰieu²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i¹³/

/t͡sʰĩũ²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i¹³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²¹ ki²³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiũ²²⁻²¹ ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiũ²² ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/ʑiã²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

/si̯æn⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹³/

/ɕi̯æn⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ²¹³ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/t͡sœːŋ²² kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² kʰei̯²¹/

/tiaŋ³² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/ɕiɔŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/si̯oŋ⁵⁵ kʰi¹¹/

/siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʰi¹¹/

/ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/siɔŋ⁵⁵ ki²¹/

/t͡sʰuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³/

/t͡sʰieu²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i¹³/

/t͡sʰĩũ²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i¹³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻²¹ ki²³/

/t͡sʰiũ³³⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiũ²²⁻²¹ ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiũ²² ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/ʑiã²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

/si̯æn⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹³/

/ɕi̯æn⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹³/


國際象棋

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sœːŋ²² kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ tai³³ tiaŋ³² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/koʔ³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʑiã³³ d͡ʑi²¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sœːŋ²² kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ tai³³ tiaŋ³² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/koʔ³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʑiã³³ d͡ʑi²¹/


將棋

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

zêng³ kéi⁴⁻²

/t͡sœːŋ³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 将棋 (shōgi) and Korean 將棋 (janggi).


白子

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi⁵³/

/baʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi⁵³/

/baʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/


棋子

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰei̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰi¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ki²⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ki⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰei̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰi¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ki²⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ki⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/


開盤

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/kʰe⁴⁴ bø²³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/kʰe⁴⁴ bø²³/


棋手

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰei̯²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰei̯²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

(countable) professional chess player (Classifier: 名 m)


局外人

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

ㄐㄩˊ ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊㄦ

цзюйвайжэньр

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/kʊk̚² ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/kʊk̚² ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/


棋藝

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ i⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ i⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/


下棋

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ɕia²¹³ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/haː²² kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/haː²² kʰei̯²¹/

/ha¹¹ ˈt͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/xa⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/ha²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i⁵³/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕi¹³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ɕia²¹³ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/haː²² kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/haː²² kʰei̯²¹/

/ha¹¹ ˈt͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/xa⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/ha²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i⁵³/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕi¹³/


西洋棋

/ɕi⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(chiefly Taiwan, Malaysia) (Western) chess (two-player board game)


回合

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ hɐp̚²/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ hɐp̚²/

(chess) move (round in which each player makes a move)


打劫

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

(go) to be in a situation where the ko rule applies


活著

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/wuːt̚² t͡sœːk̚²/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/wuːt̚² t͡sœːk̚²/

活着
活着
活着
活着
活招


剝光豬

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) to capture all of opponent's chess pieces except for the general


臥槽

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

(xiangqi) to move a knight into the position of 臥槽馬／卧槽马 (wòcáomǎ)


投子

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

For pronunciation and definitions of 投子 – see 骰子 (“die”).
(This term is a variant form of 骰子).

zh-see

(go) to resign by dropping several stones on the board


欠行

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

(xiangqi) stalemate (loss due to the lack of legal move)

(chess) stalemate (tie due to the lack of legal move)


行棋

/ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/kiaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ki⁵³/

/kia¹³⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/kĩã¹³⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/kiã²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/kiã¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹² ki²⁴/

/kiã²⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/kiaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ki⁵³/

/kia¹³⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/kĩã¹³⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/kiã²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/kiã¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹² ki²⁴/

/kiã²⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

(literary or Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to play chess


弈棋

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/jɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹/

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/jɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹/


飛行棋

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/fei³³ haŋ²² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/fei³³ haŋ²² kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/


波子棋

bo¹ ji² kéi⁴⁻²

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/


提子

/tʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


將死

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/


棋盤

→ English: Qipan

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²² pʰᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²⁴ pʰɵn²⁴/

/ki⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βuaŋ⁵³/

/ki¹³⁻²² puã¹³/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/ki²³⁻³³ puã²³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/ki⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pũã⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²² pʰᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²⁴ pʰɵn²⁴/

/ki⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βuaŋ⁵³/

/ki¹³⁻²² puã¹³/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/ki²³⁻³³ puã²³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/ki⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pũã⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Qipan (a township in Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


馬後炮

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄡˋ ㄆㄠˋㄦ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ma¹¹ xəɯ⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/maː¹³ hɐu̯²² pʰaːu̯³³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ma¹¹ xəɯ⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/maː¹³ hɐu̯²² pʰaːu̯³³/

The name of a Chinese chess move; see the Wikipedia article for more.

(xiangqi) “cannon shot behind horse”, a position in which one's general is checkmated by the opponent's horse and cannon


起子

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


出招

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sio³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sio³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

(martial arts, chess, etc.) to make a move


老將

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/


和局

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kʊk̚²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ kiɔk̚⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kʊk̚²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ kiɔk̚⁴/


殘局

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːn²¹ kʊk̚²/

/t͡san¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːn²¹ kʊk̚²/

/t͡san¹³⁻²² kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡san²⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/


黑子

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɛt̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɛt̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


五子棋

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

ng⁵ ji² kéi⁴⁻²

/ŋ̍¹³ t͡siː³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ t͡siː³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/


桌遊

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/


悔棋

/xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fuːi̯³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fuːi̯³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(go, xiangqi, chess, etc.) to regret and retract one's move; to do a takeback (in chess)


當頭炮

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(xiangqi) a common opening move in which one moves the cannon to the central file


迂棋

/y⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/y⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


大富翁

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² fuː³³ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² fuː³³ jʊŋ⁵⁵/


地產大亨

ㄉㄧˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄥ

Дичань Дахэн

/ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tei̯²² t͡sʰaːn³⁵ taːi̯²² hɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tei̯²² t͡sʰaːn³⁵ taːi̯²² hɐŋ⁵⁵/


六博

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

(dice games) liubo, a historical Chinese board game


點眼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (點眼):
* → Korean: 점안(點眼) (jeoman)
* → Vietnamese: điểm nhãn (點眼)

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tiːm³⁵ ŋaːn¹³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁵⁵⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tiːm³⁵ ŋaːn¹³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁵⁵⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan⁴¹/


唐人棋

/tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ laŋ²³⁻²¹ ki²³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ki²⁴/

/tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ laŋ²³⁻²¹ ki²³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ki²⁴/

/tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

(Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) xiangqi; Chinese chess


易位

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

王車易位 王車易位#Chinese

王车易位 王车易位#Chinese

(chess) Short for 王車易位／王车易位 (wáng jū yìwèi, “to castle”).


頓挫

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɵn²² t͡sʰɔː³³/

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɵn²² t͡sʰɔː³³/


險棋

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hiːm³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hiːm³⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/


官子

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


收官

/ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

(go) to complete an endgame; to close a game


氣合

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/


對弈

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ jɪk̚²/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ jɪk̚²/


版圖遊戲

ㄅㄢˇ ㄊㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/paːn³⁵ tʰou̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/paːn³⁵ tʰou̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


圖版遊戲

ㄊㄨˊ ㄅㄢˇ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/tʰu³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰou̯²¹ paːn³⁵ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/tʰu³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰou̯²¹ paːn³⁵ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


紙盤遊戲

ㄓˇ ㄆㄢˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ pʰuːn²¹ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ pʰuːn²¹ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


棋盤遊戲

ㄑㄧˊ ㄆㄢˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ pʰän³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ pʰän³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


紙上遊戲

ㄓˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ sœːŋ²² jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ sœːŋ²² jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


桌面遊戲

ㄓㄨㄛ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ miːn²² jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ miːn²²⁻³⁵ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ miːn²² jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ miːn²²⁻³⁵ jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


棋類遊戲

ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧˋ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵy̯²² jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵy̯²² jɐu̯²¹ hei̯³³/


局內人

/t͡ɕy³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊk̚² nɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊk̚² nɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/


馬走日

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

(xiangqi) the horse moves like the character 日


象走田

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄗㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

сян цзоу тянь

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(xiangqi) the elephant moves like the character 田 (tián)


雙陸

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lʊk̚²/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚¹²¹/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lʊk̚²/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚¹²¹/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

(board games) sugoroku (a Japanese board game with dice like backgammon)


方棋

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


行棋仔

/haŋ¹¹ kʰi¹¹ e³¹/

/haŋ⁵⁵ kʰi⁵⁵ ə⁵⁵/

/haŋ¹¹ kʰi¹¹ e³¹/

/haŋ⁵⁵ kʰi⁵⁵ ə⁵⁵/


捉棋

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚¹ kʰi¹¹/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚¹ kʰi¹¹/

(Cantonese, Pingxiang Gan, Hakka) to play chess


催殺

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(chess) to make a move with a threat to (sequentially) checkmate the opponent in the next move. to make a mating threat.


催殺

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


絕殺

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(chess) brinkmate, an absolute (indefensible) threatmate.


絕殺

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(chess, rare) To make a move that ensures checkmate against the opponent on the next move; to create a brinkmate.


臥槽馬

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(xiangqi) a knight in the second furthest rank attacking the enemy king's original position


吃過路兵

ㄔ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄥ

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹ piŋ⁵⁵/


雙六

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lʊk̚²/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lʊk̚²/


棋鐘

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/


殺棋

/saʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/saʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

(Jin) to play xiangqi; to play Chinese chess


卒子

/t͡sɵt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡suəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sɵt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡suəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


白子兒

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pai¹¹ t͡səɻ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pai¹¹ t͡səɻ⁵³/

(Mandarin, Jin, go) Erhua form of 白子 (báizǐ, “white stone”).


逼和

/pɪk̚⁵ wɔː²¹/

/pɪk̚⁵ wɔː²¹/


走棋

/t͡sɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡səu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi¹³/

/t͡sɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡səu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi¹³/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Hainanese, Gan, Leizhou Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) to play chess


事急馬行田

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

ши цзи ма син тянь

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː²² kɐp̚⁵ maː¹³ haːŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː²² kɐp̚⁵ maː¹³ haːŋ²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

In xiangqi, the horse can only move like the character 日 on the chessboard. A horse moving like the character 田 violates the rule.

the horse moves like the character田 (tián) in an emergency

to take extraordinary actions in an emergency


王不見王

ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ванбуцзяньван

/wɑŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pɐt̚⁵ kiːn³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pɐt̚⁵ kiːn³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

(xiangqi) the rule that the two kings (generals) must never be on the same file without any pieces in between them


作棋子

/t͡sok̚² kʰi¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sok̚² kʰi¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/


作棋

/tɔk̚³³ kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/tɔk̚³³ kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to play chess


落士

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/no²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/ŋɔk̚²² si³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/loʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁴/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/no²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/ŋɔk̚²² si³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/loʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁴/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁵/

(dialectal, xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) back one step


收士

/ʂəu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ʂəu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Xiang, xiangqi) to move a piece back one step


棋王

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

champion in a board game (Chinese chess, go, chess, shogi, etc.)


長打

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(xiangqi) perpetual check, perpetual threatmate or perpetual threat to capture a piece


暗棋

/ˀän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ ki²³/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ ki²⁴/

/ˀän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ ki²³/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ ki²⁴/

(chiefly Taiwan) dark chess (a variant of Chinese chess played on half of the Chinese chess board)


將殺

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


四回合將殺

ㄙˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄚ

сы хуэйхэ цзянша

/sz̩⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


愚者自將

ㄩˊ ㄓㄜˇ ㄗˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ

юйчжэ цзыцзян

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/


兩回合將殺

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄚ

лян хуэйхэ цзянша

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


王車易位

ㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄩ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄜ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

ван цзюй ивэй

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɵy̯⁵⁵ jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɵy̯⁵⁵ jɪk̚² wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/


后翼

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/


王翼易位

ㄨㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

/wɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


短易位

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


后翼易位

ㄏㄡˋ ㄧˋ ㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


長易位

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/


韓國將棋

ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄑㄧˊ

ханьго цзянци

/xän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/xän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


韓國象棋

ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ханьго сянци

/xän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/xän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


朝鮮將棋

ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄑㄧˊ

чаосянь цзянци

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


朝鮮象棋

ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ

чаосянь сянци

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


高麗將棋

ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄑㄧˊ

гаоли цзянци

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


高麗象棋

ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


滿洲棋

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


滿洲象棋

ㄇㄢˇ ㄓㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ

маньчжоу сянци

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


滿棋

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


一統棋

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


象棋子

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


殘棋

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


飛象過河

ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹/

(xiangqi) to move one's elephant across the river (a move that is against the rules of xiangqi)


堡壘象棋

ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄟˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ

баолэй сянци

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


食人隻車

/sɪk̚² jɐn²¹ t͡sɛːk̚³ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚² jɐn²¹ t͡sɛːk̚³ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

In Chinese chess, the rook (車／车 or 俥／伡) can move forward, backward or sideways on any rank, and can move as many squares as it likes as long as it is not blocked by another piece or the square is not occupied, similar to Western chess. This makes it the second most important piece in the game.

(Cantonese) to have unreasonable demands; to exploit or expropriate the belongings of others


長考

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly chess, card games, mahjong) to consider for a long time


篡位車

цуаньвэйцзюй

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²² kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²² kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) a rook which has been moved to the starting position of the opponent’s king


花心車

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) a rook which has been moved to the center of the opponent’s palace


妙棋

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


飛將

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

(xiangqi, colloquial) a general that is facing another general with no intervening pieces (which is illegal)


白子仔

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, go) white stone


硩直

(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, board games) a type of folk board game played in the Minnan region (referred to as the local Go)


行直

/kiã²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/kiã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/kiã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, board games) a type of folk board game played in the Minnan region (referred to as the local Go)


卒仔

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


拓卒

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/lu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/lu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) to move the pawn (on the black side) forward


拓兵

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) to move the pawn (on the red side) forward


屈頭軍

/kʰut̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/kʰut̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

(Quanzhou Hokkien, xiangqi) attack method of a cannon


拱卒

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡suɻʷ³⁵/

/kuəŋ⁵³ t͡sɤu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kən⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡suɻʷ³⁵/

/kuəŋ⁵³ t͡sɤu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kən⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/


楚河漢界

ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ kaːi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ kaːi̯³³/

During the Chu–Han Contention, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu once signed a ceasefire treaty diving their lands along the Hong Canal (鴻溝 /鸿沟 (hónggōu))

(xiangqi) the separation line between two sides


過河卒子

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ ˙ㄗ

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn who has crossed to the other side of the river


過河卒

/kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/kᵘɔ³³ hᵘɔ²² tut̚⁵⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/kᵘɔ³³ hᵘɔ²² tut̚⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, xiangqi, chess) pawn who has crossed to the other side of the river


落子

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo¹³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁵³/

/lɵ¹³⁻²¹ t͡si³³²/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo¹³⁻²¹ t͡si⁴⁵³/

/lɵ¹³⁻²¹ t͡si³³²/


絆馬腳

ㄅㄢˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/pän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn²² maː¹³ kœːk̚³/

/pän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn²² maː¹³ kœːk̚³/

(xiangqi) to obstruct the horse's movement with a piece directly in front of the horse in the direction of the movement


摲棋

/t͡sʰaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ki¹³/

/t͡sʰaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ki¹³/


駛棋

/ɬai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i¹³/

/ɬai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾i¹³/