boy

(Hong Kong Cantonese) The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.


零

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (零):
* → Japanese: 零(れい) (rei)
* → Korean: 령(零) (ryeong)
* → Vietnamese: linh (零)

→ Bouyei: lingz

→ Lü: ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²)

→ Zhuang: lingz

/liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:
* From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
* Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
* Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.
Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

inh

〇
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𩂙
霗
𩃞
𩅶
𩆖
𩆼
⿳⻗人𰆊


十

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (十):
* → Japanese: 十(じゅう) (jū)
* → Korean: 십(十) (sip)
* → Vietnamese: thập (十)

→ Ahom: 𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 (sip)

→ Bouyei: xib

→ Khmer: ដប់ (dɑp), សិប (səp)

→ Lao: ສິບ (sip)

→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib)

desc

→ Saek: ซิ̄บ

→ Saek: ซิ̄บ

→ Shan: သိပ်း (síp)

→ Tai Dam: ꪎꪲꪚ

→ Tai Nüa: ᥔᥤᥙᥴ (síp)

→ Thai: สิบ (sìp)

→ Zhuang: cib

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.
Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for 十 (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.


二

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (二):
* → Japanese: 二(に) (ni)
* → Korean: 이(二) (i)
* → Vietnamese: nhị (二)

→ Bouyei: ngih

→ Northern Thai: ᨿᩦ᩵

→ Lao: ຍີ່ (nyī)

→ Thai: ยี่ (yîi)

→ Vietnamese: nhì

→ Zhuang: ngeih

Ideogram (指事) - two parallel strokes. Compare with 一, one stroke meaning one, 三, three strokes meaning three, and 亖 (sì), four strokes meaning four. Duplication of 一 (“one”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognate to Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Tangut 𗍫 (*njɨ̱¹), Burmese နှစ် (hnac), and Nuosu ꑍ (nyip). See also: 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis, “second; next”), a cognate within Chinese languages.

二號線

二号线

The Master said, on this, "The ways of good men (different seem). This in a public office toils; that in his home the time beguiles. One man his lips with silence seals; another all his mind reveals. But when two men are one in heart, not iron bolts keep them apart; the words they in their union use, fragrance like orchid plants diffuse."

Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ zhī dào, huò chū huò chǔ, huò mò huò yǔ, èr rén tóng xīn, qí lì duàn jīn. Tóng xīn zhī yán, qí xiù rú lán.”

子曰：「君子之道，或出或處，或默或語，二人同心，其利斷金。同心之言，其臭如蘭。」

子曰：「君子之道，或出或处，或默或语，二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭如兰。」

Alternative forms: 𠄠 (èr), 𖿣

(handwritten, dated, now informal) An iteration mark denoting the repetition of the previous hanzi; often written at a smaller size when used for this purpose.

※ Such a definition of a number results from a number's being used without a unit after a quantity with both a value (exists even if hidden) and a unit to indicate the quantity with the value being the number and the unit one grade lower. So does the next definition.

百二

百二

Buying the computer cost me a thousand and two hundred bucks.

買電腦花了一千二。

买电脑花了一千二。

Short for "twenty, two hundred or two thousand" after hundreds, thousands and ten thousands.

The cucumbers are one dollar twenty per half kilogram.

黃瓜一塊二一斤。

黄瓜一块二一斤。


一

Sino-Xenic (一):
* → Japanese: 一(いち) (ichi); 一(いつ) (itsu)
* → Okinawan: 一(いち) (ichi)
* → Korean: 일(一) (il)
* → Jeju: 일 (il)
* → Vietnamese: nhất (一)

→ Ahom: 𑜒𑜢𑜄𑜫 (ʼit)

→ Bouyei: idt

→ Chadong: jit⁷, ji⁴

→ Lao: ເອັດ (ʼet)

→ Shan: ဢဵတ်း (ʼáet)

→ Tai Nüa: ᥟᥥᥖᥱ (ʼět)

→ Thai: เอ็ด (èt)

→ Zhuang: it

Standard Chinese phonology#Tones on special syllables

Ideogram (指事): a horizontal stroke, indicating the number “one”.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

看一看

望一望 [Cantonese] ― mong⁶ jat¹ mong⁶ [Jyutping] ― to have a look

With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb:

Indicating that the action has occurred only once

一讲曹操，曹操就到 [Cantonese, simp.]
jat¹ gong² cou⁴ cou¹ ，cou⁴ cou¹ zau⁶ dou³ [Jyutping]

It slows down once I get to the opening.

一到OP就卡。

As soon as I took a picture, she ran towards the limelight.

Wǒ yī pāi le zhàopiàn, tā jiù lìjí chéngwèi zhòngrén zhǔmù de jiāodiǎn.

我一拍了照片，她就立即成為眾人矚目的焦點。

我一拍了照片，她就立即成为众人瞩目的焦点。

一見如故／一见如故


三

Sino-Xenic (三):
* → Japanese: 三(さん) (san)
* → Korean: 삼(三) (sam)
* → Vietnamese: tam (三)

→ Proto-Tai: *saːmᴬ (“three”)

Lao: ສາມ (sām)

Thai: สาม (sǎam)

Zhuang: sam

Characters in the same phonetic series (三) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogram (指事) - three parallel strokes. Compare with 一, one stroke meaning “one”, 二, two strokes meaning “two”, and 亖, four strokes meaning “four”.
Triplication of 一 (“one”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.
Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese should be *srim, but actually is *sam, with a non-retroflex initial consonant. This irregular development should be due by analogy with the initial of number four in EMC, *sijH.

Han etyl

叄/叁/參/参
𠫰/𠬅/𠬄
弎
𢦘

(Mainland China, slang, neologism) the other woman; the other man

(Mainland China, slang, neologism)
a surname


仟

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Alternative form of 芊 (“lush (vegetation)”)


伍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (伍):
* → Japanese: 伍(ご) (go)
* → Korean: 오(伍) (o)

(Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Go

(Mandarin) Tagalog: Wu

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːʔ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意).

Han compound

Wu Lien-teh (Malayan Chinese physician and epidemiologist)

伍連德

伍连德

伍家崗區

伍家岗区


佰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).

Han compound

(archaic) troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion


亂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns): phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder.
Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”).

cog

乱
乨
乿
𠃶
𠃹
𠃿
𢿢
𢿮
𤕅

The Master said, "When the music master Zhi first entered on his office, the finish of the Guan Ju was magnificent — how it filled the ears!"

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐyuē: “Shī Zhì zhī shǐ, “Guānjū” zhī luàn, yángyáng hū yíng ěr zāi!”

子曰：「師摯之始，《關雎》之亂，洋洋乎盈耳哉！」

子曰：「师挚之始，《关雎》之乱，洋洋乎盈耳哉！」

(obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece


儷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel).


兆

Pictogram (象形) – the cracks in a shell during fortune-telling, an omen.
Compare Chepang ह्रावःसा (hrawʔ‑, “to forebode; to portend ill fortune”).

cog

吉兆

The work of the hunchbacked shamans and lame-footed seers is to assess the yin and the yang, to divine the omens and portents, to drill the tortoise-shells and lay out the hexagrams, to preside over ceremonies for warding off ills, selecting lucky days, and the five prognostications, and to know good and bad fortune, the auspicious and the inauspicious.

Xiàng yīnyáng, zhān jìnzhào, zuàn guī chén guà, zhǔ rǎngzé wǔbǔ, zhī qí jíxiōng yāoxiáng, yǔwū bǒjī zhī shì yě.

相陰陽，占祲兆，鑽龜陳卦，主攘擇五卜，知其吉凶妖祥，傴巫跛擊之事也。

相阴阳，占祲兆，钻龟陈卦，主攘择五卜，知其吉凶妖祥，伛巫跛击之事也。

If I could rebury, I would rebury you in our ancestors' graveyard; only then would it be satisfactory.

韓愈 Han Yu 《祭十二郎文》 "Funeral Oration for my Twelfth Nephew", 803 CE.

Wú lì néng gǎizàng, zhōng zàng rǔ yú xiānrén zhī zhào, ránhòu wéiqí suǒyuàn.

吾力能改葬，終葬汝於先人之兆，然後惟其所願。

吾力能改葬，终葬汝于先人之兆，然后惟其所愿。

(chiefly Taiwan) trillion (million million), tera-, 10¹²

I thought of my prince alone, and of no other; and that, too, was a thing that the mob of hundreds of myriads abhorred.

The Verses of Chu, 4ᵗʰ century BCE – 2ⁿᵈ century CE, translated based on David Hawkes' version

Zhuān wéi jūn ér wú tā xī, yòu zhòngzhào zhī suǒchóu.

專惟君而無他兮，又眾兆之所讎。

专惟君而无他兮，又众兆之所雠。

(Mainland China) (SI prefix) million, mega-, 10⁶


傳

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (傳):
* → Japanese: 伝(でん) (den)
* → Korean: 전(傳) (jeon)
* → Vietnamese: truyện (傳)

→ Vietnamese: chuyện (𡀯)

/t͡syːn²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡syːn²²⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more.

och-l

In the histories (i.e., the Book of Documents) it is written: "I, the One, enjoy felicity; the people will look to me as their sure dependence," which refers to this.

Zhuàn yuē: “Yīrén yǒu qìng, zhào mín lài zhī.” Cǐ zhī wèi yě.

傳曰：「一人有慶，兆民賴之。」此之謂也。

传曰：「一人有庆，兆民赖之。」此之谓也。

(historical, literature) a category of historical literary works

historical narrative; record; chronicle; historical documents

《公羊傳》

《公羊传》

The Grand Commentary to the Yi (i.e., the Xi Ci) has it, that "All under heaven, the one answer is found by myriad contemplations, the one destiny is reached by diverse routes."

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

“Yì” dàzhuàn: “Tiānxià yīzhì ér bǎilǜ, tóngguī ér shūtú.”

《易》大傳：「天下一致而百慮，同歸而殊塗。」

《易》大传：「天下一致而百虑，同归而殊涂。」

a category of historical literary works
commentary; annotation

to be a nobody (literally, "the name does not appear in canons or para-canons")

名不見經傳

名不见经传

Beside the canons (i.e. in Xunzi), the following is written: "How is it that rain comes after a sacrifice of rain-dance? Answer: There is no 'how'. It is the same as any occurrence of rain without the rain-dance."

c. 2nd century BCE, Han Shi Wai Zhuan (《韓詩外傳》)

Zhuàn yuē: “Yú ér yǔ zhě, hé yě? Yuē: wúhé yě, yóu bùyú ér yǔ yě.”

傳曰：「雩而雨者，何也？曰：無何也，猶不雩而雨也。」

传曰：「雩而雨者，何也？曰：无何也，犹不雩而雨也。」

The Annalist wrote: In the para-canons (i.e. the Analects, itself not considered canonical at the time) it is written: "When one's own personal conduct is correct, his government is effective without the issuing of orders. If not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not be followed." Is this not a proper description of General Li?

Tàishǐgōng yuē: zhuàn yuē: “Qí shēn zhèng, bù lìng ér xíng; qí shēn bùzhèng, suī lìng bù cóng,” qí Lǐ jiāngjūn zhī wèi yě?

太史公曰：傳曰：「其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從，」其李將軍之謂也？

太史公曰：传曰：「其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从，」其李将军之谓也？

paracanonical work (any work that complements a canon or a canonical body of texts but not considered canonical by itself, often including the above)

自傳

自传

列傳

列传

《水滸傳》

《水浒传》

(historical, literature) novel or story written in the historical style


令

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (令):
* → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)
* → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 亼 + 卩.
Usually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).


吟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms): semantic 口 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).


含

閃含語系

闪含语系


参

Simplified from 參, which is in turn simplified from 曑.


壹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid): semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen)

Han compound

壱
㚃
夁
𡕍
𡔾
𡔹
𡕋

以懲不壹。

以惩不壹。

[He] lives [his] body in frugality and uses [his] heart committedly.

居身儉而用心壹。

居身俭而用心壹。


埃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlɯː): semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).

Han compound

Obsolete. 皮 is used for SI prefix pico-.

(obsolete) the number 10⁻¹⁰; one ten-billionth


墨

→ Buryat: бэхэ (bexe, “ink”)

→ Indonesian: bak

→ Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)

→ Khmer: មឹក (mɨk, “squid; ink”)

→ Korean: 먹 (meok)

desc

→ Lao: ມຶກ (mưk, “ink; black”), ໝຶກ (mưk, “sepia from cuttlefish; ink; black”)

→ Mongolian: бэх (bex, “ink”)

→ Sogdian: 𐼺𐼸𐼰 (mkʾ /*makā/, “ink”)

→ Thai: หมึก (mʉ̀k, “ink”), ปลาหมึก (bplaa-mʉ̀k, “cuttlefish”)

→ Vietnamese: mực (“cuttlefish; ink”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlɯːɡ): phonetic 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”).

Han compound

(figurative) someone's poetry, essays, handwriting, or paintings


廿

Two 十 ("ten") written side by side, with a horizontal stroke at the bottom that fuses them.
In characters such as 漢 and 黄, it represents an open mouth 口, while in 度 and 席 it actually represents a stylized rock 石.
The pronunciation in most dialects is a contraction of 二十 (èrshí) (Early Middle Chinese: *nyijH dzyip). The irregular pronunciation (e.g. /nVm/) dates back to the Song dynasty, to avoid homophony with a vulgar word; see 入 (rù) (now commonly written as 日 (rì) in dialects).


彎

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (彎):
* → Japanese: 彎(わん) (wan)
* → Korean: 만(彎) (man)
* → Vietnamese: loan (彎)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons).
May be cognate with 迂 (OC *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa).
; “homosexual”

Han compound

(Chinese calligraphy) a bend (such as in ㇉, ㇌, ㇟, or ㇠)


念

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯːms): phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Alternatively: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 今 + 心 (see: 張富海：《利用諧聲構擬上古音應該註意的幾個問題》，《出土文獻》，2021年第1期，頁134。)
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ (snyam, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).
Schuessler (2007) notes it may be an area word; compare Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, “memory; recollection”), Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (“to think”).

cog

to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall


念

除了報告內容外，今年外界關注，已69歲的習近平是否會比照5年前的19大朗讀報告全文。19大的政治報告總共3萬2000多字，當時習近平以近3個小時唸完全文。

2022 October 16, “69歲習近平20大政治報告 未讀全文省略1小時”, in Central News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-10-16:


字

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (字):
* → Japanese: 字(じ) (ji)
* → Korean: 자(字) (ja)
* → Vietnamese: tự (字)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟɤ:ᴮ (“name”)

Lao: ຊື່ (sư̄, “name”)

Thai: ชื่อ (chʉ̂ʉ, “name”)

Zhuang: coh (“name”)

desc

→ Vietnamese: chữ (“script; letter; writing; word”), chửa (“to be pregnant”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlɯs): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child; to give birth; to take care; to be kind”). Related to:
* 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child, son”) (also its phonetic component)
* 慈 (OC *zɯ, “to be kind, loving”)
* 滋 (OC *ʔsɯ, “to nourish, to grow”)
* 詞 (OC *ljɯ, “word, term”)
* 辭 (OC *ljɯ, “word, from testimony”)
Original sense (1): “to become pregnant, to give birth to, to nurture, to love” has essentially become obsolete. The sense (2) “letter, character” is either from a different root or a derivation from the sense “to produce, to generate”.
Cognate with Tibetan ཚ་བོ (tsha bo, “nephew”), Tibetan ཚ་རུས (tsha rus, “descendant”), Tibetan བཙའ (btsa', “to give birth to; to guard”), Tibetan མཛའ (mdza', “kind, peaceful, friendly”) (Quan, 1996), Burmese စာ (ca, “writing, letter”).

cog

(calligraphy) style of handwriting; printing type

(calligraphy) (a calligrapher's) calligraphy work


捺

扌 (“hand”) + 奈 – to press down with the hand, stamp.

yī zì bù èr nà

one character does not have two falling strokes (rule used in calligraphy)

一字不二捺

(Chinese calligraphy) a stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


拾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjub): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) – to pick up by hand.

Han compound

I take up a sheet of paper and fold a little boat

sap⁶ hei² zoeng¹ zi² zip³ zek³ siu² syun⁴

拾起張紙摺隻小船

拾起张纸折只小船


撇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːd): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed).

Han compound

(Chinese calligraphy) stroke that falls downwards towards the left (㇒)


折

Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Originally 㪿, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): ⿱屮屮 (“a tree 木 cut in half”) + 斤 (“axe”) – an axe cutting a tree in half.
In the current form, the left side has become 扌 (“hand”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjat (“to cut off; to sever; to break”).

inh

(Chinese calligraphy) a change in direction of a stroke (such as in ㇕, ㇉, or ㇜)


斜

(Chinese calligraphy) a bend to the right (such as in ㇂, ㇃, or ㇠)


散

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 竹 (“bamboo”) + 攴 (“to knock, to tap”) – to smash bamboos.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns): semantic 肉 + phonetic 𢽳 ().
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (“flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast”). Cognate with 撒 (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), 宣 (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to escape; to flow out”), Burmese သွန် (swan, “to pour out; to spill”), Lahu šē (“to sow; to broadcast”), Lahu šêʔ (“to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast”).


提

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː, *dje): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ).

Han compound

(Chinese calligraphy) a rising stroke (㇀)


橫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained”
* Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007).
* Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung).

cog

(Chinese calligraphy) horizontal stroke (㇐)


渺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mewʔ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 眇 (OC *mewʔ).


漠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ, “no; there is no”) + semantic 水 (“water”). A place with no water — a desert.


澗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn)
For the Hokkien sense of "alleyway; alley; narrow street", possibly a semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) or possibly related to 間／间 (kàn, “gap; partition”) or from Malay pekan as a clipping.

sl

涧
㵎
𡼥
𡼏
礀
磵
𧯎
𧯑


玖

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ): semantic 玉 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ).


正

Burmese language
Chepang language
Jingpho language
Khmer language
Mizo language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Thai language
Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs): phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go on long campaign”).
Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.
Compare Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”). Matisoff sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”) for this, which includes 正, 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”).
Additionally, Matisoff has Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), whence Chepang धेङ्सा (dʰeŋ-, “straight”), Jingpho ding (“straight”), Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”), Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”). Also compare Khmer ទៀង (tiĕng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”) and Thai ดิ่ง (dìng, “vertically; straight; to plummet”).
Derivatives:
* 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go straight > to go on a journey”)
* 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; to govern; government; to determine”)
* 整 (OC *tjeŋʔ, “orderly; to arrange; to dispose”)
For etymology of pronunciation 正 (zhĕng) in the month 正月 (zhēngyuè)'s name, see there.

och-l

正整數

正整数


磔

(literary, Chinese calligraphy) Synonym of 捺 (nà)


秭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsiʔ): semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 𠂔.

Han compound

a numeral that refers to various numbers, including 10⁹, 10¹² and 10²⁴


直

desc

→ Old Turkic: tik (vertical, straight, straightforward)

Oghuz: دیك

Azerbaijani: dik

Turkish: dik

Turkmen: dik

Turkmen: dikan (honest, straight, direct)

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.
The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.
; "simply; only"
; "straight; right"
; “heterosexual”

Han compound

(Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters


真

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (真):
* → Japanese: 真(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 진(眞) (jin)
* → Vietnamese: chân (真)

→ Lao: ຈິງ (ching)

→ Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰣 (čin)

→ Kazakh: шын (şyn)

→ Uzbek: chin

→ Uyghur: چىن (chin)

→ Karakalpak: шын

→ Nogai: шын (şın)

→ Kyrgyz: чын (cın)

→ Yakut: дьиҥ (jiñ)

→ Tatar: чын (çın)

→ Tuvan: шын (şın)

→ Southern Altai: чын (čïn)

→ Bashkir: ысын (ısın)

→ Turkmen: çyn (чын)

→ Chuvash: чӑн (čăn)

→ Eastern Mari: чын (čyn)

→ Thai: จริง (jing)

Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔljin): phonetic 𠂈 (OC *l'ɯːnʔ) + 貝 (“cowry”). Often 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) was added as a second phonetic component. He Linyi posits it to be the original character for 珍 (OC *ʔl'ɯn, “rare; valuable”).
The sound component 𠂈 corrupted into 十 in the modern form, and into 匕 in the orthodox seal script form 眞. The bottom of the character in both forms derives from the components 貝 and 丁 corrupting into 目 and 丌.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བདེན (bden, “true; truth”). Possibly connected with 貞 (OC *teŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

眞
𡙊
𠤛
⿱𥃭大
⿱𥃰大
⿱𥃰六
𰶵
𰶱
⿳上目大
⿳止目六
⿳十且八

(Chinese calligraphy) Short for 真書／真书 (zhēnshū, “regular script”).


策

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (策):
* → Japanese: 策(さく) (saku)

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːɡ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).

Han compound

筞
*筴
箣
𠞁
𠞦
𠷽
𢄆
𥳯

Eight Principles of Yong
w:Eight Principles of Yong

(calligraphy) upward horizontal stroke (the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong)


罢

Simplified from ⿱罒䏻 (elimination of 䏍). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 罷 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.


絲

qualifier

see <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">sēricus</i> for descendants of this

→ Ancient Greek: Σήρ (Sḗr, “Chinese; silkworm”)
→ Latin: Sēres
English: Seres
Portuguese: Seres
Spanish: Seres
 (see sēricus for descendants of this)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܫܺܐܪܳܐ (šērā), ܫܺܐܪܳܝܳܐ (šērāyā), ܫܻܝܪܳܝܳܐ (šērāyā, “silk; silk garment”)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: שִׁירָאָה (šērāʾā), שִּׁירָא (šērā, “silk; silk garment”)

Mandaic: ࡔࡉ࡚ࡓࡀࡉࡀ (/šērāyā/)

→ Arabic: سِيرَاء (sīrāʔ, “a kind of silk garment”)

ሢራይ, ሥራይ, ሤራይ

→ Ge'ez: ሢራይ, ሥራይ, ሤራይ (śiray, śəray, śeray, “silk; silk garment”)

→? Old Korean: 糸利 (*SIli, “thread”)

Middle Korean: 실〯 (sǐl, “id.”)

Korean: 실 (sil, “id.”)

→ Vietnamese: tơ

絲竹

丝竹


纖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).


翰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).

Han compound

(literary, or in compounds) writing brush

(literary, or in compounds) writing; literary work


絕

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 刀 (“knife”) + 幺 (“silk”) or ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 刀 (“knife”) + 𢆶 (“silk”) — to cut silk threads.
Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 糹 (“silk”) + semantic 刀 (“knife”) + phonetic 巴 (卪).

绝
絶
㔃
𢇍
𠤉
撧
𢴭

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident

七絕

七绝


肆

(financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)


興

Characters in the same phonetic series (興) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 舁 (“to raise”) + 同 (“together”) – to hold up together.

Han compound

(poetry) association; speaking first of something else to lead up to the main theme


草

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (草):
* → Japanese: 草(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 초(草) (cho)
* → Vietnamese: thảo (草)

Vietnamese: tháu (“scrawling”)

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰuːʔ): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 早 (OC *ʔsuːʔ). Originally referred to 皂, and later borrowed for the “grass” sense, replacing 艸.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tswa-n (“grass”); cognate with Tibetan རྩྭ (rtswa, “grass”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Alternatively, it may be related to 芻 (OC *sʰro, “hay”), from Austroasiatic; compare Mon ချဲ (“grass; weeds; hay”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

屮
艸
𢂉
𦯑
𦯨
𦳕
𦷣
𦳱
騲

狂草

(calligraphy) Short for 草書／草书 (cǎoshū, “cursive script (grass script)”).


訊

Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sins): semantic 言 + phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods).


號

→ Zhuang: heuh, hauh

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws): phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + 虎 (“tiger”).
Originally an ideogram (指事) of a tiger and a line representing its roar. Later forms added 口 (“mouth”) or 言 (“speech”) to emphasize the act of of crying or calling. 号 derives from 口 and the line 丂.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called".

Han compound

See also: 字號


貳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njis): semantic 貝 + phonetic 弍 (OC *njis, “two”).


豎

Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djoʔ): semantic 臤 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).

Han compound

竖
竪
𠐊
㒘
䜿
䝂
𥪛

(Chinese calligraphy) a vertical stroke (㇑)


詞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯ): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ).

Han compound

(literature) ci; a form of poetry originating in the Tang dynasty and flourishing during the Song dynasty (Classifier: 首 m)


賦

fu, a literature form developed during the Han dynasty that combines prose and poetry, sometimes translated as ode or rhapsody


贊

Originally 賛. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 㚘 + 貝 (“money”) – to help with money.
Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns): phonetic 兟 (OC *srin) + semantic 貝 (“money”).

Han compound

(literature) a form and style of writing that summarizes and concludes a narrative, biography, or portrait, etc.


軸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.

Han compound

See also: 鍵軸

Cherry MX軸

Cherry MX轴


鉤

(Chinese calligraphy) a stroke with a hook (such as in ㇠, ㇆, ㇚, or ㇟)


閃

閃含語系

闪含语系


陸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ruɡ): semantic 阝 + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).
Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*[ʔ]rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

陆
𤱒
𡽷
𨽐
𨽰
𨽫
𨽱
𠃈

student from mainland China studying in Taiwan

陸生

陆生

中國大陸 中國大陸#Chinese

中国大陆 中国大陆#Chinese

Short for 中國大陸／中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù, “mainland China”).


體

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰiːʔ): semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”) (Benedict, 1976); cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ri(t), whence Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Burmese ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”).
Schuessler (2007) derives Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“live, alive, green, raw”) from this root, yet points out that 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs)'s initial *sr- cluster was retained instead of becoming voiceless /r̥/ as in 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ), possibly owing to re-analysis of *s- as a causative prefix.

cog

文體

文体

(literature) style; form; genre; structure


鬼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鬼):
* → Japanese: 鬼(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 귀(鬼) (gwi)
* → Vietnamese: quỷ (鬼)

→ Thai: กุ๊ย (gúi)

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a man or figure with an ugly face and tail.
Compare 異 (“different, strange”), where the 田 also derives from a face.
It may not be clear from the character, but the lower right “dot” is a small 厶; it is a residual tail – compare 离.
Unknown. May be related to:
* 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe, to terrorise”) with k-nominalisation and endoactive tone B, lit. "the thing which is doing the overawing" (Childs-Johnson, 1995 apud Schuessler, 2007; Baxter & Sagart, 2014), or
* 歸 (OC *klul, “to return”) (Shuowen Jiezi https://ctext.org/shuo-wen-jie-zi/gui-bu?searchu=%E6%AD%B8&searchmode=showall#result; Liezi https://ctext.org/liezi/tian-rui?searchu=%E9%AC%BC%E6%AD%B8%E4%B9%9F&searchmode=showall#result; Carr, 1985 apud Schuessler, 2007), yet Baxter & Sagart (2014) consider this connection, while semantically plausible, to be a folk etymology; as 鬼 (OC *k-ʔujʔ) and 歸 (OC *[k]ʷəj) had different Old Chinese rhymes & thus were likely unrelated.
See also 詭 (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”).

Han etyl

這房子常常鬧鬼。

这房子常常闹鬼。

人之鬼，非人也。

They prepare the ancestral temple (to receive the tablet of the departed), and there they present offerings to the disembodied spirit.

Classic of Filial Piety, circa 475 – 221 BCE

為之宗廟，以鬼享之。

为之宗庙，以鬼享之。

ghost; apparition; spirit (Classifier: 隻／只)

小鬼

機靈鬼

机灵鬼

gweilo (derogatory term for a white person)

鬼佬

(regional, derogatory, usually in compounds) Caucasian or Western person


點

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ): semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots.


字典

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (字典):
* → Japanese: 字(じ)典(てん) (jiten)
* → Korean: 자전(字典) (jajeon)
* → Vietnamese: tự điển (字典)

desc

ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ

→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ (hergen kooli) (calque)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ tiɛn²¹³/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiɛn³¹/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ tiɛn²¹³/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiɛn³¹/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tiɛn⁵³/

First used in the name of the Kangxi Dictionary (康熙字典).

查字典

dictionary of Chinese characters; Han character dictionary (Classifier: 本; 部)


漢字

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漢字):
* → Japanese: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Okinawan: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Korean: 한자(漢字) (hanja)
* → Vietnamese: Hán tự (漢字)

→ English: Hanzi, hanzi

→ French: hanzi

→ German: Hanzi

→ Indonesian: honji, hanzi

→ Malay: hanzi

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: ханз (xanz)

Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ (qanǰi)

→ Russian: ханьцзы́ (xanʹczý)

→ Spanish: hanzi

→ Swedish: hanzi

desc

→ Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)

→ Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)

→ Turkish: hanzi

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

Xiǎnzōng said: “Every day first teach hanzi, until 3–5pm when hanzi class ends. Teach the Jurchen people small characters, and they will learn the language of this dynasty.”

1343-1345, 《金史·卷九十八·完顏匡》 (History of Jin)

Xiǎnzōng yuē: “Měirì xiān jiào hànzì, zhì shēn shí hànzì kè bì, jiào nǚzhí xiǎo zì, xí guócháo yǔ.”

顯宗曰：「每日先教漢字，至申時漢字課畢，教女直小字，習國朝語。」

显宗曰：「每日先教汉字，至申时汉字课毕，教女直小字，习国朝语。」

Yes, Chinese characters are a treasure passed down from antiquity, but our ancestors are even more ancient, so we are more so a treasure passed down from antiquity. Will we sacrifice Chinese characters for our sake, or will we sacrifice ourselves for the sake of Chinese characters?

1934, 魯迅 (Lu Xun) 《漢字和拉丁化》 (Han character and its Latinization)

Bùcuò, hànzì shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi, dàn wǒmen de zǔxiān, bǐ hànzì hái yào gǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen gèng shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi. Wèi hànzì ér xīshēng wǒmen, háishì wèi wǒmen ér xīshēng hànzì ne?

不錯，漢字是古代傳下來的寶貝，但我們的祖先，比漢字還要古，所以我們更是古代傳下來的寶貝。爲漢字而犧牲我們，還是爲我們而犧牲漢字呢？

不错，汉字是古代传下来的宝贝，但我们的祖先，比汉字还要古，所以我们更是古代传下来的宝贝。为汉字而牺牲我们，还是为我们而牺牲汉字呢？


國語

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ jyː¹³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵑɡui²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/kuɛt̚⁵ ˈn̠ʲy²¹³/

/kuoʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋy³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³⁻⁴ u⁴⁴⁵/

/koʔ³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ jyː¹³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵑɡui²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/kuɛt̚⁵ ˈn̠ʲy²¹³/

/kuoʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋy³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³⁻⁴ u⁴⁴⁵/

/koʔ³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

Spring and Autumn period
w:Spring and Autumn period

Discourses of the States (a text from the Spring and Autumn period)


拼音

→ English: p'in-yin, pinyin, Pinyin

/pʰɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/pʰɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

你學過拼音嗎？

你学过拼音吗？

romanisation system; transcription system

(specifically) Pinyin (Hanyu Pinyin), a system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese


義訓

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/jiː²² fɐn³³/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/jiː²² fɐn³³/

(literature) annotation of an ancient word with its meaning


字母

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

拉丁字母

字母數據

字母数据

三十六字母

(Chinese phonetics) character representing an initial consonant


易經

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (易經):
* → Japanese: 易経(えききょう) (Ekikyō)
* → Korean: 역경(易經) (Yeokgyeong)

→ English: I Ching, Yi Jing

→ Vietnamese: Kinh Dịch (calque)

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/i²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪk̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iak̚²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iaʔ⁴⁻² kĩã³³/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/i²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪk̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iak̚²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/iaʔ⁴⁻² kĩã³³/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/


聖書

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ syː⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ syː⁵⁵/


俗字

/t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

/t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

Hanzi variant that is widespread but not orthodox


小篆

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

So called from its continued use under later dynasties for chops and to distinguish it from the large seal script varieties employed under the Zhou prior to Qin conquest and standardization.

Chinese character
Chinese character#English

small seal script (the form of Chinese characters based on the script of the state of Qin and standardized by w:Li Si around 220 BC)


確實如此，然而（

(Internet slang, by extension) Added to the end of a message, either left parenthesis only or both, used in place of ellipses …… (which can be read as indecisiveness) to imply an abrupt and intentional end to an incomplete sentence.


Indicating the lengthening of a pronunciation.


普洱

pu'er tea (named for a city in Yunnan, China)

隔音符號 隔音符號#Chinese

隔音符号 隔音符号#Chinese

sed to mark an initial a, e, or o in a multisyllabic Pinyin word, to prevent confusion (隔音符號／隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào))


文字

Sino-Xenic (文字):
* → Japanese: 文(もん)字(じ) (monji)
* → Korean: 문자(文字) (munja)
* → Vietnamese: văn tự (文字)

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/bun²³⁻³³ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/bun²³⁻³³ zi³³/

/bun¹³⁻²² d͡zi²²/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zi¹¹/

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/bun²³⁻³³ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/bun²³⁻³³ zi³³/

/bun¹³⁻²² d͡zi²²/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zi¹¹/

written symbols; writing; script; text; characters (Classifier: 種／种; 個／个)

writing style wording; language (Classifier: 種／种; 個／个)


百科事典

ㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ ㄕˋ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵ siː²² tiːn³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵ siː²² tiːn³⁵/


百科全書

all of the books for one-hundred academic disciplines

ㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄨ

байкэцюаньшу

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ syː⁵⁵/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kʰuo⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ ^((t͡s-))ʒuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒy⁵⁵/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suan²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ kʰue³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³³/

/paʔ³³ kʰu⁵⁵ ʑi³³ sz̩²¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ syː⁵⁵/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suan²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ kʰue³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³³/

/paʔ³³ kʰu⁵⁵ ʑi³³ sz̩²¹/


二十

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɚ²¹³ sz̩²¹/

/ər⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩⁵/

/ɛɻ⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/jiː²² sɐp̚²/

/zi³² sɔk̚²²/

/ᵑɡei³² sip̚³²/

/ŋi⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/

/ŋi⁵³ səp̚⁵/

/əɻ⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³¹⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/

/d͡zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/ɲi²² səp̚²²/

/ɦəl²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/ɦəl²³ səʔ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/n̠ʲi²³ səʔ¹¹/

/əl⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɚ²¹³ sz̩²¹/

/ər⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩⁵/

/ɛɻ⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/jiː²² sɐp̚²/

/zi³² sɔk̚²²/

/ᵑɡei³² sip̚³²/

/ŋi⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/

/ŋi⁵³ səp̚⁵/

/əɻ⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³¹⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/

/d͡zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/ɲi²² səp̚²²/

/ɦəl²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/ɦəl²³ səʔ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/n̠ʲi²³ səʔ¹¹/

/əl⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

(～村) Ershi (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


日記

Sino-Xenic (日記):
* → Japanese: 日(にっ)記(き) (nikki)
* → Okinawan: 日(にっ)記(ち) (nitchi)
* → Korean: 일기(日記) (ilgi)
* → Vietnamese: nhật ký (日記)

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki¹¹/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² ki⁴¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕi²³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki¹¹/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² ki⁴¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕi²³/

記日記

记日记

他正在寫日記呢。

他正在写日记呢。


半角

/pän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ kɔːk̚³/

/pän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ kɔːk̚³/

(computing, typography, chiefly Mainland China) halfwidth


尚書

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² syː⁵⁵/

/siũ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/siũ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² syː⁵⁵/

/siũ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/siũ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

Originally, the person in this position was a lowly clerk, responsible for drafting and editing imperial decrees on behalf of the emperor. Later on, the person in this position became more like a chief of staff who handled all aspects of governance on behalf of the emperor.

(archaic, position title) secretary; chief of staff


尚書

Sino-Xenic (尚書):
* → Japanese: 尚(しょう)書(しょ) (Shōsho)
* → Korean: 상서(尙書) (Sangseo)
* → Vietnamese: thượng thư (尚書)

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² syː⁵⁵/

/siũ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/siũ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² syː⁵⁵/

/siũ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/siũ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

Classic of History (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)


管子

desc

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠵᠠ (ɣuwanǰa), гуанз (guanz)

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


阿僧祇

/ˀä⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit असङ्ख्येय (asaṅkhyeya, “innumerable”).


那由他

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (那由他):
* → Japanese: 那(な)由(ゆ)他(た) (nayuta)
* → Korean: 나유타(那由他) (nayuta)

/nä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit नयुत (nayuta, “myriad”), by Buddhist translators in the 4th century.
The current usage as the number 10⁶⁰ was re-imported from the Japanese usage which first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

(Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸


詩人

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sz̩²⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/siː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɨ²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sz̩²⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/siː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɨ²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

poet; bard (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 位 m c; 名 m c)


作者

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/


大英百科全書

ㄉㄚˋ ㄧㄥ ㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄨ

Даин Байкэ Цюаньшу

/tä⁵¹ iŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jɪŋ⁵⁵ paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ syː⁵⁵/


鉛筆

→ Bouyei: yianfpif

→ Zhuang: yienzbit, yenzbiz

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiã²¹⁻²⁴ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ³¹ piʔ⁵/

/jᵘɔn²² pit̚⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲyɵn³⁵ ˈpit̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ piəʔ²/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɛiʔ²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚⁵/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ pit̚³²/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ pit̚³²/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pik̚²/

/eŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pek̚²/

/kʰe⁵⁵ piɪʔ²¹/

/kʰɛ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/

/kʰæ⁵⁵ piəʔ⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³ piəʔ⁵⁵/

/kʰɑ³³ piəʔ⁴⁴/

/y̯ẽ¹³ pi²⁴/

/u̯ĩ¹³ pi¹³⁻³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiã²¹⁻²⁴ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ³¹ piʔ⁵/

/jᵘɔn²² pit̚⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲyɵn³⁵ ˈpit̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ piəʔ²/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɛiʔ²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚⁵/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ pit̚³²/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ pit̚³²/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pik̚²/

/eŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pek̚²/

/kʰe⁵⁵ piɪʔ²¹/

/kʰɛ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/

/kʰæ⁵⁵ piəʔ⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³ piəʔ⁵⁵/

/kʰɑ³³ piəʔ⁴⁴/

/y̯ẽ¹³ pi²⁴/

/u̯ĩ¹³ pi¹³⁻³³/

pen made from white lead, used to correct mistakes (Classifier: 枝)

(Zhao'an Hakka and Kaohsiung Hokkien) spade; shovel


書法

/ʂu⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ faʔ²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ faʔ²¹/


草書

Sino-Xenic (草書):
* → Japanese: 草書(そうしょ) (sōsho)
* → Korean: 초서(草書) (choseo)
* → Vietnamese: thảo thư (草書)

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

(calligraphy) a Chinese calligraphic style

cursive script
a Chinese calligraphic style


孟子

Sino-Xenic (孟子):
* → Japanese: 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi)
* → Korean: 맹자(孟子) (Maengja)
* → Vietnamese: Mạnh Tử (孟子)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi)

Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi), Мэнз (Menz)

→ English: Mengzi

→ Latin: Mencius

→ English: Mencius

→ Chinese: 門修斯 (Ménxiūsī)

→ Manchu: ᠮᡝᠩᡯ (mengdz)

→ Tibetan: མེང་ཙི (meng tsi)

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)


主人公

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


小品

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ pɐn³⁵/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰin⁵⁵⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁴¹/

/siou⁵²⁻³⁵ piŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ pɐn³⁵/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰin⁵⁵⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰin⁴¹/

/siou⁵²⁻³⁵ piŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

short and simple literary creation; essay


拼寫

/pʰin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ³³ sɛː³⁵/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia⁵³/

/pʰin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ³³ sɛː³⁵/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia⁵³/

Wǒ wàngjì zěnme pīnxiě nǐ de míngzì láizhe.

我忘記怎麼拼寫你的名字來著。

我忘记怎么拼写你的名字来着。


百科

Sino-Xenic (百科):
* → Japanese: 百(ひゃっ)科(か) (hyakka)
* → Korean: 백과(百科) (baekgwa)
* → Vietnamese: bách khoa (百科)

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ kʰo⁵⁵/

/paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/paʔ³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ kʰo⁵⁵/

/paːk̚³ fɔː⁵⁵/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴/

/pa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/paʔ³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

維基百科

维基百科

百科全書 百科全書#Chinese

百科全书 百科全书#Chinese

Short for 百科全書／百科全书 (bǎikēquánshū, “encyclopedia”).


書經

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Book of Documents (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)


報紙

→ Zhuang: bauqceij

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/pau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sz̩³¹/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sua⁵³/

/po⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sua⁵⁵⁴/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sua⁵³/

/po¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sua⁵³/

/pɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sua⁴¹/

/po²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sua⁵²⁻²¹/

/pɔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/pau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sz̩³¹/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sua⁵³/

/po⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sua⁵⁵⁴/

/po²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sua⁵³/

/po¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sua⁵³/

/pɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sua⁴¹/

/po²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sua⁵²⁻²¹/

/pɔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²¹/


詞典

Sino-Xenic (詞典):
* → Japanese: 辞(じ)典(てん) (jiten)
* → Korean: 사전(辭典) (sajeon)
* → Vietnamese: từ điển (詞典)

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tiːn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ¹¹ ti̯en³¹/

/sy⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/su¹³⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/su²⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/su²³⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiaŋ⁵²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tiːn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ¹¹ ti̯en³¹/

/sy⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ³³/

/sɯ²⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/su¹³⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/su²⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɛn⁵³/

/su²³⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiaŋ⁵²/

牛津英語詞典

牛津英语词典

西班牙語詞典

西班牙语词典

英漢詞典

英汉词典

俄英詞典

俄英词典

電子詞典

电子词典

普什圖語漢語詞典

普什图语汉语词典

你最好買一本好詞典。

你最好买一本好词典。


小說

Sino-Xenic (小說):
* → Japanese: 小(しょう)説(せつ) (shōsetsu)
* → Korean: 소설(小說) (soseol)
* → Vietnamese: tiểu thuyết (小說)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɔː⁵¹ fə²⁴/

/ɬiau⁵⁵ sᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/

/sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔʔ²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/

/ɕiɔ³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɔː⁵¹ fə²⁴/

/ɬiau⁵⁵ sᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/

/sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔʔ²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/

/ɕiɔ³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

一本小說

一本小说

通俗小說

通俗小说

The film is adapted from the well-known novel of the same name.

Zhè bù diànyǐng gǎibiān zì zhùmíng de tóngmíng xiǎoshuō.

這部電影改編自著名的同名小說。

这部电影改编自著名的同名小说。

It never occurred to me that he was the author of that novel.

Wǒ cónglái méiyǒu xiǎngdào tā shì nà běn xiǎoshuō de zuòzhě.

我從來沒有想到他是那本小說的作者。

我从来没有想到他是那本小说的作者。

The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.

Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò.

這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。

这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。

fiction (including novels, novellas, short stories and flash fiction) (Classifier: 本; 部)


迪士尼樂園

ㄉㄧˊ ㄕˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄩㄢˊ

Дишини лэюань

/ti³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tɪk̚² siː²² nei̯²¹ lɔːk̚² jyːn²¹/

/ti³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tɪk̚² siː²² nei̯²¹ lɔːk̚² jyːn²¹/


迪斯尼樂園

ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄋㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄩㄢˊ

Дисыни лэюань

/ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/


約翰

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ hɔːn²²/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hɑŋ²⁴²/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ han³³/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ han²²/

/iɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ han³³/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/

/jœːk̚³ hɔːn²²/

/yoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hɑŋ²⁴²/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ han³³/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ han²²/

/iɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ han³³/

Transliterated from Latin Iōhannēs or Ancient Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), both ultimately from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān). [mid-19th c.]
Earlier transliterations include: 曜輪 [8th c.] and 若望/若翰 [17th c.].

(Protestantism) John (biblical character)


盜版

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/to²²⁻²¹ pan⁵³/

/to⁴¹⁻²² pan⁵⁵⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ pan⁵³/

/to³³⁻¹¹ pan⁵³/

/tɤ³³⁻²¹ pan⁴¹/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ⁵²/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/to²²⁻²¹ pan⁵³/

/to⁴¹⁻²² pan⁵⁵⁴/

/to²²⁻²¹ pan⁵³/

/to³³⁻¹¹ pan⁵³/

/tɤ³³⁻²¹ pan⁴¹/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ⁵²/

Some books, through piracy, eventually became effective in disseminating thoughts of dissension.

李志銘 (2010 Feb) “讀書人不可承受之重：翻開臺灣那一頁書籍盜版史”, in 全國新書資訊月刊 (in Chinese), volume 134, Taipei, pages 8–15

Shènzhì yǒuxiē túshū jīngguò dàobǎn tújìng, jìng chéngle chuánbù yìduān sīxiǎng de yǒulì méijiè.

甚至有些圖書經過盜版途徑，竟成了傳布異端思想的有力媒介。

甚至有些图书经过盗版途径，竟成了传布异端思想的有力媒介。

to pirate (to make unauthorized copies of books, software, recording, or other media)


古風

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kou⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ³³/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kou⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ³³/

(literature) a form of pre-Tang era poetry


三字經

Sino-Xenic (三字經):
* → Japanese: 三(さん)字(じ)経(きょう) (sanjikyō)
* → Korean: 삼자경(三字經) (samjagyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Tam tự kinh (三字經)

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

саньцзыцзинр

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡siː²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ kin²⁴/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ zi³³⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sam³³ li⁴¹⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/se⁵⁵ zz̩³³ t͡ɕin²¹/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡siː²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ kin²⁴/

/saŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ zi³³⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sam³³ li⁴¹⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/se⁵⁵ zz̩³³ t͡ɕin²¹/


字畫

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² waː²²⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ ue³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ ua²²/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² waː²²⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ ue³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ ua²²/


開元天寶遺事

ㄎㄞ ㄩㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄅㄠˇ ㄧˊ ㄕˋ

Кайюань Тяньбао иши

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Anecdotes of the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang


創世記

Sino-Xenic (創世記):
* → Japanese: 創(そう)世(せい)記(き) (Sōseiki)
* → Korean: 창세기(創世記) (Changsegi)
* → Vietnamese: Sáng thế kí (創世記)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ³³ sɐi̯³³ kei̯³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ³¹ sɨ⁵⁵ ki⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔŋ³³ si³³ ki³³/

/t͡sʰouŋ²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛi²¹³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ ki²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ ki²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹⁻⁵³ ki¹¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹⁻⁴¹ ki²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ³³ sɐi̯³³ kei̯³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ³¹ sɨ⁵⁵ ki⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔŋ³³ si³³ ki³³/

/t͡sʰouŋ²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛi²¹³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ ki²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹⁻⁵³ ki²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹⁻⁵³ ki¹¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹⁻⁴¹ ki²¹/

創世／创世 (chuàngshì, “creation of the world”) + 記／记 (jì, “record”)

zh-l

(Protestantism) Genesis (first book of the Bible)


駢文

/pʰi̯ɛn³⁵ wən³⁵/

/pʰiːn²¹ mɐn²¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ mɐn²¹/

/piɛn²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/piɛn¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/pʰiɛn¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/pʰiɛn²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/peŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛn³⁵ wən³⁵/

/pʰiːn²¹ mɐn²¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ mɐn²¹/

/piɛn²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/piɛn¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/pʰiɛn¹³⁻²² bun¹³/

/pʰiɛn²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/peŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/

(countable) pianwen, a rhythmical prose style characterized by parallelism and ornateness (Classifier: 篇 m)


Bālākè Àobāmǎ

巴拉克·奧巴馬

Bālākè Àobāmǎ

巴拉克·奥巴马

Separates first and last names in personal names transcribed into Chinese characters.


死神

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin¹³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/sz̩³³ zən⁴⁴/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin¹³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/sz̩³³ zən⁴⁴/


本子

→ Guiqiong: pɛntsi (“notebook”)

/pən²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pən²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

notebook (book in which notes are written)


編纂

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan¹¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²¹/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan²¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan²¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan¹¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan¹¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suan²¹/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan²¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan²¹/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan¹¹/


大衛

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² wɐi̯²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² wɐi̯²²/

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew דּוד (Dāwîḏ, “David”).

David (the second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of Saul in the Old Testament)

A transliteration of the English male given name David


高潮

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tio¹³/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tio¹³/

The fifth scene was the climax of the play.

第五場是全劇的高潮。

第五场是全剧的高潮。

(figuratively, narratology) climax; turning point (Classifier: 個／个; 次)


米老鼠

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐi̯¹³ lou̯¹³ syː³⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐi̯¹³ lou̯¹³ syː³⁵/


鋼筆

→ Uyghur: گاڭبى (gangbi)

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³³ pɐt̚⁵/

/kɒ̃¹¹ piəʔ²/

/kouŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɛiʔ²⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pit̚⁵/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/kŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ pit̚³²/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ piɪʔ²¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³³ pɐt̚⁵/

/kɒ̃¹¹ piəʔ²/

/kouŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɛiʔ²⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pit̚⁵/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/kŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ pit̚³²/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ piɪʔ²¹/

那支該死的鋼筆哪兒去了？

那支该死的钢笔哪儿去了？


筆記

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ ki²¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ki¹¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ ki²¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ki¹¹/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ki²¹/


簿記

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/pʰɔ³³⁻¹¹ ki¹¹/

/pʰɔ³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/pʰɔ³³⁻¹¹ ki¹¹/

/pʰɔ³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/


福音書

/fu³⁵ in⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/fuk̚² im²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ in⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/fuk̚² im²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/


大篆

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

large seal script (calligraphic style of Chinese characters)


楷書

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (楷書):
* → Japanese: 楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho)
* → Korean: 해서(楷書) (haeseo)
* → Vietnamese: khải thư (楷書)

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/kʰaːi̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/kʰaːi̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

(Chinese calligraphy) regular script (the newest style of Chinese calligraphy, the most common in modern writings and publications)


作品

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ pɐn³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pʰin⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pʰin⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰin⁴¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ pɐn³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pʰin⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pʰin⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰin⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰin⁴¹/


文章

Sino-Xenic (文章):
* → Japanese: 文章(ぶんしょう) (bunshō)
* → Korean: 문장(文章) (munjang)
* → Vietnamese: văn chương (文章)

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/vəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/uɔŋ²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ³³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ³³/

/vən²² t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/vəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/uɔŋ²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ⁴⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ³³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ³³/

/vən²² t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

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I wrote an article and would like to ask you to give me some advice.

Wǒ xiě le yī piān wénzhāng, xiǎng qǐng nín gěi wǒ zhǐdiǎn yīxià.

我寫了一篇文章，想請您給我指點一下。

我写了一篇文章，想请您给我指点一下。

How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.

Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái.

這篇文章寫得多棒啊，背下來。

这篇文章写得多棒啊，背下来。

I've read your article and appreciate your literary talent.

Wǒ kàn guò nǐ de wénzhāng, hěn xǐhuān nǐ de wéncǎi.

我看過你的文章，很喜歡你的文采。

我看过你的文章，很喜欢你的文采。

essay; composition; article (in a newspaper, magazine, on the Internet, etc.) (Classifier: 篇)


課本

Sino-Xenic (課本):
* → Vietnamese: khoá bản (課本)

/kʰɤ⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³³ puːn³⁵/

/kʰo²¹⁻⁵³ pun⁵³/

/kʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ pun⁵³/

/kʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ pun⁴¹/

/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰu³³ pən⁴⁴/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³³ puːn³⁵/

/kʰo²¹⁻⁵³ pun⁵³/

/kʰo⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ pun⁵³/

/kʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ pun⁴¹/

/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰu³³ pən⁴⁴/


全角

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kɔːk̚³/

(computing, typography, chiefly Mainland China) fullwidth


A separator in the form of a small circle called 句號／句号 (jùhào), found in texts from the Song dynasty. It is used as a period in Chinese.

zh-l

句號／句号 (jùhào)

. (full stop or period, marking the end of a sentence)


正體字

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ d͡zi⁴¹/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi³³/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ d͡zi⁴¹/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi³³/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³/

規範字

standardized Chinese characters that are used to write Simplified Chinese

Chinese character (traditional or simplified) that conforms to an official or historical orthography

(typography) characters typeset in their standard form rather than bolded or italicized


書店

/ʂu⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯am⁵⁵/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/t͡sɯ³³ tuĩ⁴¹/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ tiam²¹³/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯am⁵⁵/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/t͡sɯ³³ tuĩ⁴¹/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ tiam²¹³/

press; publishing house; publisher (Classifier: 家 m)


濁點

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


俳句

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ kɵy̯³³/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ kɵy̯³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 俳(はい)句(く) (haiku).


書法家

/ʂu⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ faːt̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ ka⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/ʂu⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ faːt̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ ka⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/


蠟筆

/lä⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laʔ²⁻⁵⁴ piəʔ²/

/la(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ pit̚³²/

/laʔ¹¹ piɪʔ²³/

/lä⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laʔ²⁻⁵⁴ piəʔ²/

/la(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ pit̚³²/

/laʔ¹¹ piɪʔ²³/


和歌

/wɔː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kua³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kua⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ kua⁴⁴/

/wɔː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kua³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kua⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ kua⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和歌(わか) (waka).


波折

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/


手本

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ puːn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pun⁵³/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ puːn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pun⁵³/


號外

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/hou̯²² ŋɔːi̯²²/

/ho²²⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ho⁴¹⁻²² ɡua⁴¹/

/ho²²⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ho³³⁻¹¹ ɡua³³/

/hɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡua³³/

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/hou̯²² ŋɔːi̯²²/

/ho²²⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ho⁴¹⁻²² ɡua⁴¹/

/ho²²⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ho³³⁻¹¹ ɡua³³/

/hɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡua³³/

(newspaper) extra; an extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the ordinary news cycle


箴言

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (箴言):
* → Japanese: 箴言(しんげん) (shingen)
* → Korean: 잠언(箴言) (jameon)
* → Vietnamese: châm ngôn (箴言)

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡səm³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/t͡sim³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sɨm²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/t͡sim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡səm³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/t͡sim³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/


雜誌

→ Zhuang: cabceiq, cazci

/t͡sä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sa²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰap̚⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡saʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛi²¹³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡si²¹/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡si¹¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡si²¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² t͡si²¹³/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/

/t͡sä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sa²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰap̚⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡saʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛi²¹³/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡si²¹/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡si¹¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² t͡si²¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² t͡si²¹³/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/

八卦雜誌

八卦杂志

創辦雜誌

创办杂志

I browsed through some magazines while I waited.

我邊等邊瀏覽幾本雜誌。

我边等边浏览几本杂志。


光武

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

the restoration of Emperor Guangwu of Han

光武中興

光武中兴


獻帝

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/


高祖

Emperor Gaozu of Han
Emperor Gaozu of Tang

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɔ³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɔ³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹/


高祖

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɔ³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/kɔ³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡su²¹/

A temple name given to the first emperor of some of the Chinese dynasties, or to ancestor of the first emperor

Emperor Gaozu of Han (256 BCE or 247 BCE – June 1, 195 BCE)

Emperor Gaozu of Tang (566 – June 25, 635)


太傅

Sino-Xenic (太傅):
* → Korean: 태부(太傅) (taebu)
* → Vietnamese: thái phó (太傅)

→ Mongolian: тайфу (tajfu)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡠ (taifu)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ fuː²²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hu²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hu⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hu²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hu¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hu²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ fuː²²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hu²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hu⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hu²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hu¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hu²¹/

During the Han Dynasty, the three highest civil posts, 三公 (sāngōng), were 太師／太师 (tàishī), 太傅 (tàifù) and 太保 (tàibǎo). These were the three highest civil positions at the time (modern equivalent ~ White House Chief of Staff or prime minister), and were roughly equivalent in rank to the subsequent position of 宰相 (zǎixiàng, “Chancellor of China”).

zh-l

太師／太师 (tàishī)

(historical) Grand Tutor (title for a very high official in imperial China)

Chancellor of China
Han Dynasty
White House Chief of Staff


大將軍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大將軍):
* → Japanese: 大(たい)将(しょう)軍(ぐん) (taishōgun)

→ Tocharian B: taittsyāṅkuṃ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ˙ㄐㄩㄣ

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/taːi̯²² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/taːi̯²² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

An official position which came into being during the Warring States Period, and reached the zenith of its influence during the Han dynasty. At first, the person in this position was the supreme military commander (modern equivalent ~ Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). During the later half of the Han dynasty, he also took over the day to day executive affairs of government (modern equivalent ~ Hideki Tojo). During the Three Kingdoms period, the position again became military-related (modern equivalent ~ United States Secretary of Defense).

(archaic) supreme general; commander in chief

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Han dynasty
Hideki Tojo
Three Kingdoms
United States Secretary of Defense
Warring States Period


議郎

This position was established in the Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BCE), and abandoned after the Jin Dynasty (265–420). A court advisor was responsible for issuing opinions to the emperor about matters of state. A court advisor received a stipend of 600-dan, and was often a civil officer who was nominated to his post because of his record of filial piety and incorruptibility. Court advisors served under the Minister of the Household.

(archaic) Court Advisor (position title within the old imperial system)


洛陽

Sino-Xenic (洛陽):
* → Japanese: 洛陽(らくよう) (Rakuyō)
* → Korean: 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang)
* → Vietnamese: Lạc Dương (洛陽)

→ English: Luoyang

desc

→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/

/loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/

/loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

Encyclopædia Britannica
Luo River (Henan)
Yin_and_yang#Toponymy

Yang (north) of the Luo River; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which north is associated with yang. Luoyang is situated to the north of the Luo River.

(～市) Luoyang (a prefecture-level city in Henan, China)

(～鎮) Luoyang (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in the district of Zengdu, in the prefecture-level city of Suizhou, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in Hui'an County, in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～江) Luoyang (a river in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


五原

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jyːn²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jyːn²¹/

In autumn during the seventh lunar month, a rainbow was seen in the imperial palace; in the side of a mountain in Wuyuan, a huge rift was created (as the result of an earthquake).

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

Qiū qī yuè, yǒu hóng jiàn yú yùtáng; Wǔyuán shān àn, jìn jiē bēngliè.

秋七月，有虹見於玉堂；五原山岸，盡皆崩裂。

秋七月，有虹见于玉堂；五原山岸，尽皆崩裂。

(～縣) Wuyuan County, Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia


鉅鹿

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/kɵy̯²² lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/kɵy̯²² lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

(～縣) Julu (a county of Xingtai, Hebei, China; formerly Nanyi prior to the Sui dynasty)


天書

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡sɯ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡sɯ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

(archaic) book that has come from the heavens or immortal spirits


豫州

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jyː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jyː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Yuzhou (an ancient city in Henan and Anhui Provinces)


幽州

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Youzhou (an ancient prefecture in modern China)

(historical) Youzhou (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)


青州

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡siu³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡siu³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

(～市) Qingzhou (a city in Shandong, China)


冀州

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～市) Jizhou (a district and former county-level city in Hengshui, Hebei, China)

Ji Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)


唐州

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Tangzhou (the ancient name for present day Tanghe County, Henan Province)


荊州

→ English: Jingzhou, Kingchow, Kin-tcheou, Ching-chou

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Jingzhou (a prefecture-level city in Hubei, China)

(～區) Jingzhou (a district of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Jingzhou (an economic and technological development zone in Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(historical) Jing Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)

(～鄉) Jingzhou (a township in Jixi, Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


中郎

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

This position (the feudal equivalent of a Secret service agent, i.e. responsible for palace security) was established in the Qin Dynasty. Later, in the Han Dynasty, 中郎 were assigned to one of five different squads (官). Each one of these squads had its own leader, which was called 中郎將 (commander of the palace guards).

(historical) a palace guard (position title within the old imperial system)


江夏

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²/

(～郡) (historical) Jiangxia (an ancient commandery located in present-day eastern Hubei province that existed from the Han dynasty to the Tang dynasty)

(～縣) (historical) Jiangxia (a historical county that existed between 581 and 1911, located in present-day Wuhan, Hubei)

(～區) Jiangxia (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


竟陵

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/


景帝

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/


漢武

/xän⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


涿鹿亭侯

ㄓㄨㄛ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄡˊ

Чжолу Тинхоу

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

Ting Marquis of Zhuolu, grandson of Emperor Jing of Han


青龍偃月刀

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄉㄠ

Цинлун Яньюэдао

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ jiːn³⁵ jyːt̚² tou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ jiːn³⁵ jyːt̚² tou̯⁵⁵/


丈八點鋼矛

ㄓㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄍㄤ ㄇㄠˊ

Чжан ба дяньган мао

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

丈八 (zhàngbā, “1.8 zhang: 4.158 meters or 13 feet 7.708776 inches”) + 點鋼／点钢 (diǎngāng, “refined steel”) + 矛 (máo, “lance; long spear”).

zh-m

Zhang Fei designed a 1.8 zhang lance, the tip of which was refined steel.

張飛造丈八點鋼矛。

张飞造丈八点钢矛。

(archaic) the long lance used by Zhang Fei


關公

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (關公):
* → Vietnamese: Quan Công (關公)

/ku̯än⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(honorific) Lord Guan; Guan Yu (160–219)


都尉

/tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) a military rank only second to a general


中常侍

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

This position was established in the Qin Dynasty. The post was originally filled by either a scholar official or a eunuch. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the post was exclusively held by eunuchs. They were entrusted with the task of delivering imperial edicts, and the handling of documents. By the end of the Han Dynasty, eunuchs were no longer used for this position. From that point forward, the post was held by scholar officials.

(archaic) the emperor's personal attendant


騎都尉

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʰei̯³³ tou̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯³³/

/kei̯²² tou̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʰei̯³³ tou̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯³³/

/kei̯²² tou̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯³³/

(archaic) a non-imperial nobility title of Qing dynasty


小字

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

Coordinate term: 大字 (dàzì)


北都尉

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

A position title during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the captain of the north was responsible for the guarding the northern district of a city.


黃門

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

Established during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the name was changed to 門下省 after the Jin Dynasty. Responsible for proofreading imperial edicts which were drafted in the name of the emperor.

(archaic) Edict Examination Bureau (門下省)


督郵

/tu⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

Established during the Western Han Dynasty, a person in this position was the superintendent for all county-level officials who had a stipend in excess of 600 dàn (石) of rice (roughly 775 bushels by today's standards). He was also in charge of inspecting the ancient equivalent of post offices (郵驛) for the county. However, these post offices would have only delivered official government documents. Each Commandery was divided into a number of smaller counties; each of these counties was assigned a postal inspector. This position was abolished in the Tang Dynasty.

(archaic) postal inspector; county inspector


車騎

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ kei̯²²/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯³³/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ kei̯²²/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯³³/

(archaic) general of chariots and cavalry (a high ranking position during the Han dynasty)


月刊

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʰän⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɔːn⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɔːn³⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʰän⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɔːn⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɔːn³⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² kʰan⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰan⁴⁴/


西門

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/sɛ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/sɛ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³/


司徒

Sino-Xenic (司徒):
* → Korean: 사도(司徒) (sado)

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

(historical) Minister over the Masses (one of the three most important official posts during the Han Dynasty).


太尉

Sino-Xenic (太尉):
* → Korean: 태위(太尉) (taewi)
* → Vietnamese: thái úy (太尉)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɐi̯³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɐi̯³³/

(archaic) position title: Grand Marshal (one of the three most important official posts during the Han Dynasty)


縣令

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/

(historical) head of a county; county magistrate


典軍校尉

ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄨㄟˋ

дянь цзюнь цзяовэй

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) position title: a lower ranking military commander


陳留

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Chenliu County (near present day Kaifeng)


車騎將軍

ㄐㄩ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄔㄜ ㄑㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ

цзюйцзи цзянцзюнь

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

чэци цзянцзюнь

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

(archaic) General of Chariots and Cavalry (a high military rank held by generals in ancient China)


王美人

/wɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

Consort Wang (mother of Emperor Xian of Han)


驃騎

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pʰiːu̯³³ kʰei̯³³/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pʰiːu̯³³ kʰei̯³³/

(archaic) to ride a fast horse at full-speed


驃騎將軍

ㄆㄧㄠˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄆㄧㄠˋ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ

пяоци цзянцзюнь

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

пяоцзи цзянцзюнь

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

(historical) “General of Fast Cavalry” (a high military rank held by generals in ancient China)


河間

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/

(～國, ～郡) (historical) Hejian (a fief or commandery in northern-eastern China during the Warring States period)


舞陽君

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/


經典

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ tiːn³⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/kiɪŋ³³ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/

/keŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ⁵²/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ tiaŋ⁵²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ tiːn³⁵/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/kiɪŋ³³ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁵³/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/

/keŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ⁵²/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ tiaŋ⁵²/

Chinese classics are difficult to read uncollated. Ordinary people are often terrified by the sight of them, and prefer to remain at a respectful distance.

Wǒguó jīngdiǎn, wèijīng zhěnglǐ, dú qǐlái tèbié nán, yībānrén wǎngwǎng wàng'érshēngwèi, jiéguǒ shì jìng'éryuǎnzhī.

我國經典，未經整理，讀起來特別難，一般人往往望而生畏，結果是敬而遠之。

我国经典，未经整理，读起来特别难，一般人往往望而生畏，结果是敬而远之。

(historical) Chinese classics; Chinese canonical texts


文學

/wən³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/vəŋ²⁴ ɕuə⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴/

/vən²² ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

/wən³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/vəŋ²⁴ ɕuə⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴/

/vən²² ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

First attested in the Analects, adapted from the translation by James Legge

The Master said, "Of those who were with me in Ch'an and Ts'ai, there are none to be found to enter my door. Distinguished for their virtuous principles and practice, there were Yen Yuan, Min Tsze-ch'ien, Zan Po-niu, and Chung-kung; for their ability in speech, Tsai Wo and Tsze-kung; for their administrative talents, Zan Yu and Chi Lu; for their literary acquirements, Tsze-yu and Tsze-hsia.

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Cóng wǒ yú Chén Cài zhě, jiē bùjí mén yě.” Déxíng: Yán Yuān, Mǐn Zǐ Qiān, Rǎn Bó Niú, Zhòng Gōng. Yányǔ: Zǎi Wǒ, Zǐ Gòng. Zhèngshì: Rǎn Yǒu, Jì Lù. Wénxué: Zǐ Yóu, Zǐ Xià.

子曰：「從我於陳蔡者，皆不及門也。」德行：顏淵、閔子騫、冉伯牛、仲弓。言語：宰我、子貢。政事：冉有、季路。文學：子游、子夏。

子曰：「从我于陈蔡者，皆不及门也。」德行：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓。言语：宰我、子贡。政事：冉有、季路。文学：子游、子夏。

古典文學

古典文学

現代文學

现代文学

通俗文學

通俗文学

to enable literature and art to flourish

繁榮文學藝術

繁荣文学艺术

臺灣文學專題

台湾文学专题

literature (written works considered of superior merit)


侍御史

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) position title: assistant to the imperial oversight advisor (御史)


御史

Sino-Xenic (御史):
* → Korean: 어사(御史) (eosa)

/y⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²² siː³⁵/

/y⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²² siː³⁵/

(archaic) imperial oversight advisor (position title); imperial censor


文學家

ㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

/wən³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ hɔːk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴⁻² ka³³/

/bun¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ hak̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/wən³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ hɔːk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴⁻² ka³³/

/bun¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ hak̚⁴⁻³² ka⁴⁴/


主簿

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

(historical) name of an ancient position title: chief of records; official registrar


文藝

Sino-Xenic (文藝):
* → Japanese: 文芸(ぶんげい) (bungei)
* → Korean: 문예(文藝) (munye)
* → Vietnamese: văn nghệ (文藝)

/mɐn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/bun²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/bun²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/bun¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/bun²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/mɐn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/bun²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/bun²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/bun¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/bun²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

Short for 文學藝術／文学艺术 (wénxué yìshù, “literature and art”); (sometimes specifically) literature or performance art


邙山

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(archaic) Mount Mang; Mang Mountain (north of Luoyang)


北邙山

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(archaic) Mount Mang; Mang Mountain (north of Luoyang, where there are many cemeteries)


恆河沙

Sino-Xenic (恆河沙):
* → Japanese: 恒(ごう)河(が)沙(しゃ) (gōgasha)
* → Korean: 항하사(恒河沙) (hanghasa)
* → Vietnamese: hằng hà sa (恒河沙)

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was re-imported from the Japanese usage which first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

calque

गंगानदी वालुका

650-661, Bhagavaddharma, transl., Sūtra of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Dhāraṇī (千手千眼觀世音菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經):

If there is who slanders this mantra, that is to slander those 9.9 billion times the number of the Ganges river sand, of buddhas.

Ruò yǒu bàng cǐ zhòu zhě, jí wèi bàng bǐ jiǔshíjiǔyì hénghéshā zhūfó.

若有謗此咒者，即為謗彼九十九億恆河沙諸佛。

若有谤此咒者，即为谤彼九十九亿恒河沙诸佛。

(etymology, Buddhism) countless number like the total of the grains of sand on the Ganges


孔子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (孔子):
* → Japanese: 孔(こう)子(し) (Kōshi)
* → Korean: 공자(孔子) (Gongja)
* → Vietnamese: Khổng Tử (孔子)

→ English: Kongzi

→ Kazakh: Құң-зы (Qūñ-zy)

→ Khmer: ខុងជឺ (khong cɨɨ)

→ Lao: ຂົງຈື້ (khong chư̄)

→ Manchu: ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ (kungdzi)

→ Mongolian: Күнз (Künz)

→ Russian: Ку́н-цзы́ (Kún-czý)

→ Thai: ขงจื๊อ (kǒng-jʉ́ʉ)

→ Tibetan: ཁུང་ཙི (khung tsi)

→ Uyghur: كۇڭزى (kungzi)

→ Zhuang: Gungjswj

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Confucius went to see Lao Dan, and arrived just as he had completed the bathing of his head, and was letting his dishevelled hair get dry. There he was, motionless, and as if there were not another man in the world.

Kǒngzǐ jiàn Lǎodān, Lǎodān xīnmù, fāngjiāng bèifà ér gān, zhérán sì fēirén.

孔子見老聃，老聃新沐，方將被髮而乾，慹然似非人。

孔子见老聃，老聃新沐，方将被发而干，𰑔然似非人。


心經

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

the Heart Scripture (Southern Song dynasty anthology compiled by Zhen Dexiu)


平裝

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/


方言

Sino-Xenic (方言):
* → Japanese: 方言(ほうげん) (hōgen)
* → Korean: 방언(方言) (bang'eon)
* → Vietnamese: phương ngôn (方言)

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/

/hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/

He speaks the local dialect at home and Standard Mandarin at school.

Tā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà.

他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。

他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。

(specifically) non-Standard Mandarin variety of Chinese (such as dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Min Nan, etc.)


侍中

→ Gandhari: 𐨗𐨁𐨚𐨂𐨎𐨓 (jiṭuṃgha) (from Old Chinese)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

(archaic) job title: a trusted attendant (to an important person such as the emperor etc.)


郡守

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historical) commandery administrator or governor, the official overseeing a commandery (郡) in ancient China under the Zhou and Qin dynasties

太守

the equivalent position between the Han and Tang dynasties


文武

Sino-Xenic (文武):
* → Japanese: 文武(ぶんぶ) (bunbu)
* → Korean: 문무(文武) (munmu)
* → Vietnamese: văn vũ (文武)

/wən³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/vəŋ²⁴ vou⁵¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/bun²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bu⁵²/

/wən³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/vəŋ²⁴ vou⁵¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² bu⁵³/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/bun²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bu⁵²/


作詩

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/

(formal) to compose a poem; to write a verse


越騎校尉

ㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄨㄟˋ

юэ цзи цзяовэй

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) position title: captain of light cavalry


高皇

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

Emperor Gao [of Han] (256/247 BCE–June 1, 195 BCE)


驍騎校尉

ㄒㄧㄠ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄨㄟˋ

сяоцзи цзяовэй

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) position title: captain of armed cavalry


兵符

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ hu²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu²³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ hu²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu²³/


素材

/su⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sou̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sai²⁴/

/sɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sai²⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sai¹³/

/sɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sai²⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sai²³/

/su⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sou̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sai²⁴/

/sɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sai²⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sai¹³/

/sɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sai²⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sai²³/

source material (for works of art, literature, etc.)


書家

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/


書道

/ʂu⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ dɔ²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ dɔ²¹/


詩歌

Sino-Xenic (詩歌):
* → Japanese: 詩(しい)歌(か) (shīka)
* → Korean: 시가(詩歌) (siga)
* → Vietnamese: thi ca (詩歌)

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kua⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻²³ ko³³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kua⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻²³ ko³³/

詩歌朗誦

诗歌朗诵

(literature) poetry; poem (Classifier: 首 m c)


標點

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


標點

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

標點本／标点本

punctuated edition (of a text that originally did not have punctuation, such as classical texts)


叉子

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡sʰaː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡sʰaː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


筆跡

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/ˈpʰit̚⁵ t͡ɕit̚⁵/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ziaʔ³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ liaʔ³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siaʔ³²/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/ˈpʰit̚⁵ t͡ɕit̚⁵/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ziaʔ³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ liaʔ³²/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siaʔ³²/

original handwriting, calligraphy or painting (especially of a famous person)


起草

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/

/kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɤ⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/

/kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɤ⁴¹/


主人翁

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ jɐn²¹ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ oŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː³⁵ jɐn²¹ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ oŋ³³/


篆文

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ wən³⁵/

seal script (all the forms of ancient Chinese calligraphy used in Han-era seals and chops)

small seal script (the form of Chinese characters based on the script of the state of Qin and standardized by Li Si around 220 BC)


寫書

/ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɛː³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɛː³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

(archaic) to transcribe a book (or other periodical)


高平

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Gaoping (a county-level city in Jincheng, Shanxi, China)


魯國

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/


襄陽

desc

→ English: Xiangyang, Siangyang, Siang-yang, Hsiang-yang

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

Book of Documents
Fancheng
Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)
Mount Hua

Surprisingly unclear.
襄 (xiāng) is speculated to imply "tall and prone to floods", which is recorded in the Book of Documents. The city precincts received chronic floods up until the 1930's.
The term 陽／阳 (yáng, “sunny”) is typically used to refer to establishments on the north bank of a river or the south side of a mountain. Xiangyang is, however, situated north of Mount Hua and on the south bank of the Han River. The settlement north of the Han is Fancheng).
Several theories have been proposed, though very little geographical evidence has been found for any of them. Some include:
* The Han River may have flowed south of Xiangyang, hence the modern-day bend just east of the city
* There was a small river called the Xiang that used to flow south of the city
* There was a "Mount Xiang" in the past that was north of Xiangyang

(～市) Xiangyang (a prefecture-level city in Hubei, China)


十二

ja-r

十二(じゅうに) (jūni)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (十二):
* → Japanese: 十二(じゅうに) (jūni)
* → Korean: 십이(十二) (sibi)

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹/

/sz̩²¹ ɚ²¹³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɛɻ⁴⁴/

/sɐp̚² jiː²²/

/sip̚³² ᵑɡei³²/

/sɨp̚⁵ ŋi⁵⁵/

/səp̚⁵ ŋi⁵³/

/səʔ⁵⁴⁻² əɻ⁴⁵/

/sɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ nˡɛi²⁴²/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li²²/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li³³/

/t͡sap̚³⁵⁻² li³¹/

/t͡sap̚⁵⁴⁻³² li²²/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² zi³³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi²²/

/zəʔ¹¹ n̠ʲi²³/

/zəʔ²² n̠ʲi⁵²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹/

/sz̩²⁴ ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹/

/sz̩²¹ ɚ²¹³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɛɻ⁴⁴/

/sɐp̚² jiː²²/

/sip̚³² ᵑɡei³²/

/sɨp̚⁵ ŋi⁵⁵/

/səp̚⁵ ŋi⁵³/

/səʔ⁵⁴⁻² əɻ⁴⁵/

/sɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ nˡɛi²⁴²/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li²²/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² li³³/

/t͡sap̚³⁵⁻² li³¹/

/t͡sap̚⁵⁴⁻³² li²²/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² zi³³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi²²/

/zəʔ¹¹ n̠ʲi²³/

/zəʔ²² n̠ʲi⁵²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹/

/sz̩²⁴ ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹/

十二宵夜


聖典

Sino-Xenic (聖典):
* → Japanese: 聖典(せいてん) (seiten)
* → Korean: 성전(聖典) (seongjeon)

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ tiːn³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ tiːn³⁵/

(historical) canonical texts of the sages


著作

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³³ t͡sɔːk̚³/

/tu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sak̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³³ t͡sɔːk̚³/

/tu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/tu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sak̚²/


太師

Sino-Xenic (太師):
* → Japanese: 太(たい)師(し) (taishi)
* → Korean: 태사(太師) (taesa)
* → Vietnamese: thái sư (太師)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡧᡳ (taiši)

→ Middle Mongol:

Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ (tayisi)

Mongolian: тайш (tajš)

→ Written Oirat: ᡐᠠᡕᡅᠱᡅ (tayiši)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ siː⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ siː⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/

(historical) Grand Preceptor (title for a very high official in imperial China)


漫畫

English: manhua (“Chinese comics”)

French: manhua (“Chinese comics”)

desc

Russian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá, “Chinese comics”)

/män⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/maːn²² waː²²⁻³⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ ua²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ ue³³/

/baŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡa²¹/

/baŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡa¹¹/

/män⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/maːn²² waː²²⁻³⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ ua²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ ue³³/

/baŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡa²¹/

/baŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡa¹¹/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 漫(まん)画(が) (manga).

wasei kango

comics; caricature; cartoon; manga; manhwa; manhua


教材

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (教材):
* → Japanese: 教材(きょうざい) (kyōzai)
* → Korean: 교재(敎材) (gyojae)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kaːu̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai²³/

/ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kaːu̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai²³/

/ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/


Lenticular brackets
lenticular bracket#English


雅集

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡saːp̚²/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡saːp̚²/


執筆

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐp̚⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁵ pit̚³²/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡səʔ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐp̚⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁵ pit̚³²/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡səʔ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/


教科書

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ kʰuə⁵¹ fou²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ kʰuə⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/kaːu̯³³ fɔː⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ kʰuə⁵¹ fou²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ kʰuə⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/kaːu̯³³ fɔː⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/kau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 教(きょう)科(か)書(しょ) (kyōkasho).

wasei kango

電子教科書

电子教科书


新語

/ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu⁵³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu⁵³/


新語

/ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu⁵³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu⁵³/

New Discourses (ancient Chinese text written by Lu Jia during the Western Han dynasty)


新語

zh-wp

zh:新語 (一九八四)

/ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu⁵³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jyː¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu⁵³/


熒光筆

/iŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐt̚⁵/


老子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (老子):
* → Japanese: 老(ろう)子(し) (rōshi)
* → Korean: 로자(老子) (roja), 노자(老子) (noja)
* → Vietnamese: Lão Tử (老子)

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lɑʊ̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lɑʊ̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

Laozi (also called Tao Te Ching, a book of philosophy supposedly written by Laozi)


書籍

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ sit̚⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sɯ³³ t͡sip̚²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ t͡sia³⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ sit̚⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡sɯ³³ t͡sip̚²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ t͡sia³⁵/

黃色書籍

黄色书籍

書籍是人類進步的階梯。

书籍是人类进步的阶梯。


青龍刀

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/


同人小說

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ

тунжэнь сяошо

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹ siːu̯³⁵ syːt̚³/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹ siːu̯³⁵ syːt̚³/


戰書

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

written challenge to war; letter of challenge


書名

/ʂu⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ mɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ mɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/


字體

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ tʰi³¹/

/li³³⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ tʰe⁴¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ tʰi³¹/

/li³³⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ tʰe⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ tʰe⁴¹/

style of calligraphy; calligraphic style


傳奇

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ ki²³/


(neologism, Internet slang) Indicates speechlessness.


相冊

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ³³ t͡sʰaːk̚³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ³³ t͡sʰaːk̚³/


短歌

Sino-Xenic (短歌):
* → Japanese: 短(たん)歌(か) (tanka)
* → Korean: 단가(短歌) (dan'ga)

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵/


羅馬字

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³ t͡siː²²/

/lo¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/lɔ³³ ma²¹ t͡si⁵⁵/

/l̃o⁵³⁻²¹ ma³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ be⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³ t͡siː²²/

/lo¹¹ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/lɔ³³ ma²¹ t͡si⁵⁵/

/l̃o⁵³⁻²¹ ma³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ be⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zi¹¹/


出版社

Sino-Xenic (出版社):
* → Japanese: 出(しゅっ)版(ぱん)社(しゃ) (shuppansha)

→ Zhuang: cuzbanjse

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ paːn³⁵ sɛː¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia²²/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sia⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ pan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia²²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sia³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ paːn³⁵ sɛː¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia²²/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sia⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ pan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia²²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sia³³/

上海古籍出版社


筆友

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ jɐu̯¹³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁵³/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ iu⁵³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁵³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁴¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ jɐu̯¹³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁵³/

/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/pit̚³²⁻⁵ iu⁵³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁵³/

/pit̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁴¹/


週刊

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɔːn³⁵/

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰan²⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰan⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰan⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰan⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰan⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɔːn³⁵/

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰan²⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰan⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰan⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰan⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰan⁴⁴/


散文

Sino-Xenic (散文):
* → Japanese: 散文(さんぶん) (sanbun)
* → Korean: 산문(散文) (sanmun)
* → Vietnamese: tuỳ bút (散文)

/sän²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/san⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun²⁴/

/sũã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ buŋ⁵⁵/

/sän²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/san⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun²⁴/

/sũã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ buŋ⁵⁵/

諸子散文

诸子散文


書寫

/ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/syː⁵⁵ sɛː³⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sia³¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ sia⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ sia⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² sia⁵³/

/sɯ³³ sia⁵⁵⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² sia⁵³/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/syː⁵⁵ sɛː³⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sia³¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ sia⁴¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ sia⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² sia⁵³/

/sɯ³³ sia⁵⁵⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² sia⁵³/

書寫工具

书写工具


編輯

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i²/

/piæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕi²⁴/

/piæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sip̚³²/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sip̚⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚³²/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sip̚³²/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰip̚³²/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰip̚³²/

/pʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰip̚²/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i²/

/piæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕi²⁴/

/piæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sip̚³²/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sip̚⁴/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚³²/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sip̚³²/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰip̚³²/

/pʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰip̚³²/

/pʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰip̚²/

(specifically) editor (person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish)


雅歌

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/ŋa²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko³³/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴⁴/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/ŋa²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko³³/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴⁴/


阿Q

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰy⁵¹/

/aː³³ kʰiːu̯⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiu⁴⁴/

/aʔ³³ kʰiɤ⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰy⁵¹/

/aː³³ kʰiːu̯⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiu⁴⁴/

/aʔ³³ kʰiɤ⁴⁴/

From the name of the main character in Lu Xun's novella The True Story of Ah Q (《阿Q正傳》/《阿Q正传》) who believes his defeats are victories.

lang

《阿Q正傳》/《阿Q正传》

《阿Q正傳》/《阿Q正传》

Whatever Ah Q thought he was sure to tell people later; thus almost all who made fun of Ah Q knew that he had this means of winning a psychological victory.

魯迅 Lu Xun, 《阿Q正傳》 The True Story of Ah Q, 1921; translation by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang.

Āguì xiǎng zài xīnlǐ de, hòulái měiměi shuō chūkǒu lái, suǒyǐ fánshì hé Āguì wánxiào de rénmen, jǐ hū quán zhīdào tā yǒu zhè yī zhǒng jīngshénshàng de shènglìfǎ.

阿Q想在心裏的，後來每每說出口來，所以凡是和阿Q玩笑的人們，幾乎全知道他有這一種精神上的勝利法。

阿Q想在心里的，后来每每说出口来，所以凡是和阿Q玩笑的人们，几乎全知道他有这一种精神上的胜利法。

Ah Q; the main character in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q


頓號

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/tɵn²² hou̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tun²¹⁻⁵³ ho²²/

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/tɵn²² hou̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tun²¹⁻⁵³ ho²²/

ideographic comma; the Chinese comma (、) used for separating items in a list


BL

From Japanese BL(ビーエル) (bīeru), from ボーイズラブ (bōizu rabu), from English boys + love.