男

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (男):
* → Japanese: 男(なん) (nan); 男(だん) (dan)
* → Korean: 남(男) (nam)
* → Vietnamese: nam (男)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 田 (“field”) + 力 (“strength”) – man providing the strength for agricultural and/or other kinds of (physical) labour on a field.
Probably an area word. Compare Proto-Kiranti *nam (“man”), Proto-Monic *k()ɲoom (“young child”), Proto-Wa *h/ʔn[o]m (“young man”), Thai หนุ่ม (nùm, “young man; young”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Wang (1982) connects it to 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer”). Goldin (2021) suggests a connection to 任 (OC *njɯms, “to bear; to be in charge”).

och-l

Winter, 12th month: we met the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, Marquis of Chen, Marquis of Wey, Count of Zheng, Baron of Xu, Count of Hua, Viscount of Teng; we swore an alliance-covenant at You. Viscount Ke of Zhu died.

Spring and Autumn Annals, circa 5th century BCE

Dōng shíyǒu'èr yuè, huì Qíhóu, Sònggōng, Chénhóu, Wèihóu, Zhèngbó, Xǔnán, Huábó, Téngzǐ tóngméng yú Yōu. Zhūzǐ Kè zú.

冬十有二月，會齊侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、鄭伯、許男、滑伯、滕子同盟於幽。邾子克卒。

冬十有二月，会齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、滑伯、滕子同盟于幽。邾子克卒。

五等爵位 五等爵位#Chinese

baron, lowest of the five ranks of Chinese aristocracy (五等爵位) under the Zhou dynasty


公子

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ³³ t͡si³/

/kən³³ t͡ɕi³/

/kʊŋ³³ t͡si³/

/kən³³ t͡ɕi³/

(figurative) son of privilege; son of an official; son of nobility


王子

ja-r

王子(おうじ) (ōji)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王子):
* → Japanese: 王子(おうじ) (ōji)
* → Korean: 왕자(王子) (wangja)
* → Vietnamese: vương tử (王子)

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/vɔŋ²² tu⁵⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/vɔŋ²² tu⁵⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/


閣下

/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/

/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/

/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/

Géxià rúcǐ hóng cái dàlüè, bù chūlái zuò diǎn shìqíng shízài kěxī!

閣下如此宏材大略，不出來做點事情實在可惜！

阁下如此宏材大略，不出来做点事情实在可惜！

(literary) Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour


皇后

ja-r

皇后(こうごう) (kōgō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (皇后):
* → Japanese: 皇后(こうごう) (kōgō)
* → Korean: 황후(皇后) (hwanghu)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng hậu (皇后)

→ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ (hūwangheo)

→ Thai: ฮองเฮา (hɔng-hao)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/


皇子

Sino-Xenic (皇子):
* → Japanese: 皇(おう)子(じ) (ōji); 皇(こう)子(し) (kōshi)
* → Korean: 황자(皇子) (hwangja)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng tử (皇子)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


暴崩

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pɤŋ⁵⁵/

After the empress dowager of Yongle palace suddenly died, people talked about it with suspicion

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

永樂太后暴崩，眾論惑焉

永乐太后暴崩，众论惑焉

(archaic) to die suddenly (refers to a member of the nobility such as the emperor or empress)


貴族

Sino-Xenic (貴族):
* → Japanese: 貴(き)族(ぞく) (kizoku)
* → Korean: 귀족(貴族) (gwijok)
* → Vietnamese: quý tộc (貴族)

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/kui¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sok̚⁴/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/kui¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sok̚⁴/

Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era), 978 CE

Cán jí jiǎn, jiǎn ér sī, sī wèi kùqǐ. Kùqǐ rù guìzú zhī yòng. Shè huò guìzú zhī liú, jiàn kùqǐ zhī měilì yǐ niàn wǒ.

蠶即繭，繭而絲，絲為絝綺。絝綺入貴族之用。設或貴族之流，見絝綺之美麗以念我。

蚕即茧，茧而丝，丝为绔绮。绔绮入贵族之用。设或贵族之流，见绔绮之美丽以念我。


爵位

Sino-Xenic (爵位):
* → Japanese: 爵(しゃく)位(い) (shakui)
* → Korean: 작위(爵位) (jagwi)

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

合男女，頒爵位，必當年德。

合男女，颁爵位，必当年德。


伯爵

Sino-Xenic (伯爵):
* → Japanese: 伯(はく)爵(しゃく) (hakushaku)
* → Korean: 백작(伯爵) (baekjak)
* → Vietnamese: bá tước (伯爵)

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ t͡sœːk̚³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ t͡sœːk̚³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/


公主

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ (gungju)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ (güngǰü) / гүнж (günž)

→ Sogdian: γwnčwyh

→ Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖 (q̊¹unčy¹ /qunčui/)

→ Karakhanid: [script needed] (qunčūy)

⇒ Vietnamese: công chúa

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

In Volume I of his 1085 treatise Records of the Origins of Affairs and Things (事物紀原), Gao Cheng (高承) quoted Chūnqiū Zhǐzhǎng Suìyù's (春秋指掌碎玉) statement that

[When] the Son of Heaven married off a daughter, ever since Qin and Han periods, he employed [one of] the Three Dukes [gōng] (公) to host [zhǔ] (主) [the marriage]. Hence the appellation Gōngzhǔ (公主).

Tiānzǐ jià nǚ, qín hàn yǐlái, shǐ sāngōng zhǔ zhī, gù hū gōngzhǔ yě.”

天子嫁女，秦漢以來，使三公主之，故呼公主也。”

天子嫁女，秦汉以来，使三公主之，故呼公主也。”


君侯

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/


親王

Sino-Xenic (親王):
* → Japanese: 親(しん)王(のう) (shinnō)
* → Korean: 친왕(親王) (chinwang)
* → Vietnamese: thân vương (親王)

→ Mongolian: чин ван (čin van)

→ Manchu: ᠴᡳᠨ
ᠸᠠᠩ (cin wang)

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/


太公

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹³⁻²¹ kuŋ¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰa³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹³⁻²¹ kuŋ¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰa³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

姜太公


贊普

/t͡sän⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sän⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phonetic loaning into Middle Chinese from Classical Tibetan བཙན་པོ (btsan po), literally "mighty one".

(historical) Tsenpo (title of ancient Tibetan kings)


王公

/wɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


清室

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/


阿達哈哈番

ㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄏㄚ ㄏㄚ ㄈㄢ

адаха хафань

/ˀä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ xä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ xä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠠᡩᠠᡥᠠ
ᡥᠠᡶᠠᠨ (adaha hafan).

(archaic) a non-imperial nobility title of Qing dynasty, roughly equivalent to a commander of a chivalric order


輕車都尉

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄐㄩ ㄉㄨ ㄨㄟˋ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄜ ㄉㄨ ㄨㄟˋ

цинцзюйдувэй

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) a non-imperial nobility title of the Qing dynasty, roughly equivalent to a commander of a chivalric order


皇阿瑪

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀä⁵¹ mä¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ aː³³ maː¹³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀä⁵¹ mä¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ aː³³ maː¹³/

(historical) mode of address used by the emperor's children to address the emperor in Qing Dynasty historical dramas


父皇

/fu⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fu⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/


屈狄

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹ ti³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ³⁵ ti³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹ ti³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ³⁵ ti³⁵/

(a type of feathered noblewomen's clothing in Ancient Chinese history, worn by the wives of people of 子 (zǐ) or 男 (nán) ranks)